[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164204},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method":3,"nav-reference":2471},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2464,"extension":2465,"meta":2466,"navigation":169,"path":2467,"seo":2468,"stem":2469,"__hash__":2470},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2417},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,34,225,240,247,251,267,270,379,389,393,396,436,461,463,580,584,594,597,605,607,756,766,772,777,788,790,959,962,971,980,987,1085,1091,1170,1173,1185,1192,1198,1201,1205,1301,1304,1308,1416,1424,1512,1523,1527,1532,1539,1542,1594,1597,1663,1672,1679,1776,1782,1789,1833,1836,1901,1908,2002,2005,2009,2015,2041,2044,2141,2148,2152,2158,2256,2259,2291,2298,2302,2309,2312,2316,2326,2333,2336,2343,2355,2364,2372,2376,2413],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-dictionary-pop-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"pop()"," Method",[20,21,22,25],"p",{},[15,23,24],{},"dict.pop()"," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,27,28],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[35,36,41],"pre",{"className":37,"code":38,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n","python","",[15,42,43,100,130,149,164,171,177,211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45,48,52,56,60,64,68,70,73,76,79,81,84,86,89,91,93,97],"span",{"class":46,"line":47},"line",1,[44,49,51],{"class":50},"su5hD","person ",[44,53,55],{"class":54},"smGrS","=",[44,57,59],{"class":58},"sP7_E"," {",[44,61,63],{"class":62},"sjJ54","\"",[44,65,67],{"class":66},"s_sjI","name",[44,69,63],{"class":62},[44,71,72],{"class":58},":",[44,74,75],{"class":62}," \"",[44,77,78],{"class":66},"Ana",[44,80,63],{"class":62},[44,82,83],{"class":58},",",[44,85,75],{"class":62},[44,87,88],{"class":66},"age",[44,90,63],{"class":62},[44,92,72],{"class":58},[44,94,96],{"class":95},"srdBf"," 25",[44,98,99],{"class":58},"}\n",[44,101,103,106,108,111,114,118,121,123,125,127],{"class":46,"line":102},2,[44,104,105],{"class":50},"removed_age ",[44,107,55],{"class":54},[44,109,110],{"class":50}," person",[44,112,113],{"class":58},".",[44,115,117],{"class":116},"slqww","pop",[44,119,120],{"class":58},"(",[44,122,63],{"class":62},[44,124,88],{"class":66},[44,126,63],{"class":62},[44,128,129],{"class":58},")\n",[44,131,133,137,139,142,145],{"class":46,"line":132},3,[44,134,136],{"class":135},"sptTA","print",[44,138,120],{"class":58},[44,140,141],{"class":116},"removed_age",[44,143,144],{"class":58},")",[44,146,148],{"class":147},"sutJx","   # 25\n",[44,150,152,154,156,159,161],{"class":46,"line":151},4,[44,153,136],{"class":135},[44,155,120],{"class":58},[44,157,158],{"class":116},"person",[44,160,144],{"class":58},[44,162,163],{"class":147},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[44,165,167],{"class":46,"line":166},5,[44,168,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},true,"\n",[44,172,174],{"class":46,"line":173},6,[44,175,176],{"class":147},"# Safe version with default value\n",[44,178,180,183,185,187,189,191,193,195,198,200,202,204,207,209],{"class":46,"line":179},7,[44,181,182],{"class":50},"country ",[44,184,55],{"class":54},[44,186,110],{"class":50},[44,188,113],{"class":58},[44,190,117],{"class":116},[44,192,120],{"class":58},[44,194,63],{"class":62},[44,196,197],{"class":66},"country",[44,199,63],{"class":62},[44,201,83],{"class":58},[44,203,75],{"class":62},[44,205,206],{"class":66},"Not found",[44,208,63],{"class":62},[44,210,129],{"class":58},[44,212,214,216,218,220,222],{"class":46,"line":213},8,[44,215,136],{"class":135},[44,217,120],{"class":58},[44,219,197],{"class":116},[44,221,144],{"class":58},[44,223,224],{"class":147},"       # Not found\n",[20,226,227,228,231,232,235,236,239],{},"Use ",[15,229,230],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,233,234],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,237,238],{},"KeyError"," when the key might not exist.",[30,241,243,244,246],{"id":242},"what-dictpop-does","What ",[15,245,24],{}," does",[20,248,249,72],{},[15,250,24],{},[252,253,254,258,261,264],"ul",{},[255,256,257],"li",{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[255,259,260],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[255,262,263],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[255,265,266],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,268,269],{},"Example:",[35,271,273],{"className":37,"code":272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,274,275,319,323,347,351,365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,276,277,280,282,284,286,288,290,292,294,297,299,301,303,306,308,310,312,315,317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,278,279],{"class":50},"user ",[44,281,55],{"class":54},[44,283,59],{"class":58},[44,285,63],{"class":62},[44,287,67],{"class":66},[44,289,63],{"class":62},[44,291,72],{"class":58},[44,293,75],{"class":62},[44,295,296],{"class":66},"Liam",[44,298,63],{"class":62},[44,300,83],{"class":58},[44,302,75],{"class":62},[44,304,305],{"class":66},"city",[44,307,63],{"class":62},[44,309,72],{"class":58},[44,311,75],{"class":62},[44,313,314],{"class":66},"Paris",[44,316,63],{"class":62},[44,318,99],{"class":58},[44,320,321],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,322,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,324,325,328,330,333,335,337,339,341,343,345],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,326,327],{"class":50},"removed_city ",[44,329,55],{"class":54},[44,331,332],{"class":50}," user",[44,334,113],{"class":58},[44,336,117],{"class":116},[44,338,120],{"class":58},[44,340,63],{"class":62},[44,342,305],{"class":66},[44,344,63],{"class":62},[44,346,129],{"class":58},[44,348,349],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,350,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,352,353,355,357,360,362],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,354,136],{"class":135},[44,356,120],{"class":58},[44,358,359],{"class":116},"removed_city",[44,361,144],{"class":58},[44,363,364],{"class":147},"  # Paris\n",[44,366,367,369,371,374,376],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,368,136],{"class":135},[44,370,120],{"class":58},[44,372,373],{"class":116},"user",[44,375,144],{"class":58},[44,377,378],{"class":147},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,380,381,382,385,386,113],{},"Here, ",[15,383,384],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,387,388],{},"\"Paris\"",[30,390,392],{"id":391},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,394,395],{},"There are two common forms:",[35,397,399],{"className":37,"code":398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,400,401,417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,402,403,406,408,410,412,415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,404,405],{"class":50},"my_dict",[44,407,113],{"class":58},[44,409,117],{"class":116},[44,411,120],{"class":58},[44,413,414],{"class":116},"key",[44,416,129],{"class":58},[44,418,419,421,423,425,427,429,431,434],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,420,405],{"class":50},[44,422,113],{"class":58},[44,424,117],{"class":116},[44,426,120],{"class":58},[44,428,414],{"class":116},[44,430,83],{"class":58},[44,432,433],{"class":116}," default",[44,435,129],{"class":58},[252,437,438,444,452,458],{},[255,439,440,443],{},[15,441,442],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[255,445,446,448,449,451],{},[15,447,442],{}," raises ",[15,450,238],{}," if the key is missing",[255,453,454,457],{},[15,455,456],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[255,459,460],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,462,269],{},[35,464,466],{"className":37,"code":465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,467,468,505,509,536,567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,469,470,473,475,477,479,482,484,486,489,491,493,496,498,500,503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,471,472],{"class":50},"scores ",[44,474,55],{"class":54},[44,476,59],{"class":58},[44,478,63],{"class":62},[44,480,481],{"class":66},"math",[44,483,63],{"class":62},[44,485,72],{"class":58},[44,487,488],{"class":95}," 90",[44,490,83],{"class":58},[44,492,75],{"class":62},[44,494,495],{"class":66},"science",[44,497,63],{"class":62},[44,499,72],{"class":58},[44,501,502],{"class":95}," 85",[44,504,99],{"class":58},[44,506,507],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,508,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,510,511,513,515,518,520,522,524,526,528,530,533],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,512,136],{"class":135},[44,514,120],{"class":58},[44,516,517],{"class":116},"scores",[44,519,113],{"class":58},[44,521,117],{"class":116},[44,523,120],{"class":58},[44,525,63],{"class":62},[44,527,481],{"class":66},[44,529,63],{"class":62},[44,531,532],{"class":58},"))",[44,534,535],{"class":147},"         # 90\n",[44,537,538,540,542,544,546,548,550,552,555,557,559,562,564],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,539,136],{"class":135},[44,541,120],{"class":58},[44,543,517],{"class":116},[44,545,113],{"class":58},[44,547,117],{"class":116},[44,549,120],{"class":58},[44,551,63],{"class":62},[44,553,554],{"class":66},"history",[44,556,63],{"class":62},[44,558,83],{"class":58},[44,560,561],{"class":95}," 0",[44,563,532],{"class":58},[44,565,566],{"class":147},"   # 0\n",[44,568,569,571,573,575,577],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,570,136],{"class":135},[44,572,120],{"class":58},[44,574,517],{"class":116},[44,576,144],{"class":58},[44,578,579],{"class":147},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[30,581,583],{"id":582},"return-value","Return value",[20,585,586,588,589,593],{},[15,587,17],{}," does ",[590,591,592],"strong",{},"not"," return the updated dictionary.",[20,595,596],{},"Instead, it returns:",[252,598,599,602],{},[255,600,601],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[255,603,604],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,606,269],{},[35,608,610],{"className":37,"code":609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,611,612,649,653,677,710,714,728,742],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,613,614,617,619,621,623,626,628,630,633,635,637,640,642,644,647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,615,616],{"class":50},"data ",[44,618,55],{"class":54},[44,620,59],{"class":58},[44,622,63],{"class":62},[44,624,625],{"class":66},"a",[44,627,63],{"class":62},[44,629,72],{"class":58},[44,631,632],{"class":95}," 10",[44,634,83],{"class":58},[44,636,75],{"class":62},[44,638,639],{"class":66},"b",[44,641,63],{"class":62},[44,643,72],{"class":58},[44,645,646],{"class":95}," 20",[44,648,99],{"class":58},[44,650,651],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,652,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,654,655,658,660,663,665,667,669,671,673,675],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,656,657],{"class":50},"result1 ",[44,659,55],{"class":54},[44,661,662],{"class":50}," data",[44,664,113],{"class":58},[44,666,117],{"class":116},[44,668,120],{"class":58},[44,670,63],{"class":62},[44,672,625],{"class":66},[44,674,63],{"class":62},[44,676,129],{"class":58},[44,678,679,682,684,686,688,690,692,694,697,699,701,703,706,708],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,680,681],{"class":50},"result2 ",[44,683,55],{"class":54},[44,685,662],{"class":50},[44,687,113],{"class":58},[44,689,117],{"class":116},[44,691,120],{"class":58},[44,693,63],{"class":62},[44,695,696],{"class":66},"c",[44,698,63],{"class":62},[44,700,83],{"class":58},[44,702,75],{"class":62},[44,704,705],{"class":66},"missing",[44,707,63],{"class":62},[44,709,129],{"class":58},[44,711,712],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,713,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,715,716,718,720,723,725],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,717,136],{"class":135},[44,719,120],{"class":58},[44,721,722],{"class":116},"result1",[44,724,144],{"class":58},[44,726,727],{"class":147},"  # 10\n",[44,729,730,732,734,737,739],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,731,136],{"class":135},[44,733,120],{"class":58},[44,735,736],{"class":116},"result2",[44,738,144],{"class":58},[44,740,741],{"class":147},"  # missing\n",[44,743,744,746,748,751,753],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,745,136],{"class":135},[44,747,120],{"class":58},[44,749,750],{"class":116},"data",[44,752,144],{"class":58},[44,754,755],{"class":147},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,757,758,759,765],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[625,760,762],{"href":761},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F",[15,763,764],{},"dict.get()"," instead.",[30,767,769,770],{"id":768},"when-to-use-pop","When to use ",[15,771,17],{},[20,773,227,774,776],{},[15,775,17],{}," when:",[252,778,779,782,785],{},[255,780,781],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[255,783,784],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[255,786,787],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,789,269],{},[35,791,793],{"className":37,"code":792,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,794,795,849,853,881,885,912,916,930,944],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,796,797,800,802,804,806,808,810,812,814,817,819,821,823,826,828,830,833,835,837,840,842,844,847],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,798,799],{"class":50},"product ",[44,801,55],{"class":54},[44,803,59],{"class":58},[44,805,63],{"class":62},[44,807,67],{"class":66},[44,809,63],{"class":62},[44,811,72],{"class":58},[44,813,75],{"class":62},[44,815,816],{"class":66},"Laptop",[44,818,63],{"class":62},[44,820,83],{"class":58},[44,822,75],{"class":62},[44,824,825],{"class":66},"price",[44,827,63],{"class":62},[44,829,72],{"class":58},[44,831,832],{"class":95}," 1200",[44,834,83],{"class":58},[44,836,75],{"class":62},[44,838,839],{"class":66},"discount",[44,841,63],{"class":62},[44,843,72],{"class":58},[44,845,846],{"class":95}," 200",[44,848,99],{"class":58},[44,850,851],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,852,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,854,855,858,860,863,865,867,869,871,873,875,877,879],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,856,857],{"class":50},"discount_amount ",[44,859,55],{"class":54},[44,861,862],{"class":50}," product",[44,864,113],{"class":58},[44,866,117],{"class":116},[44,868,120],{"class":58},[44,870,63],{"class":62},[44,872,839],{"class":66},[44,874,63],{"class":62},[44,876,83],{"class":58},[44,878,561],{"class":95},[44,880,129],{"class":58},[44,882,883],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,884,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,886,887,890,892,894,897,899,901,903,906,909],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,888,889],{"class":50},"final_price ",[44,891,55],{"class":54},[44,893,862],{"class":50},[44,895,896],{"class":58},"[",[44,898,63],{"class":62},[44,900,825],{"class":66},[44,902,63],{"class":62},[44,904,905],{"class":58},"]",[44,907,908],{"class":54}," -",[44,910,911],{"class":50}," discount_amount\n",[44,913,914],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,915,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,917,918,920,922,925,927],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,919,136],{"class":135},[44,921,120],{"class":58},[44,923,924],{"class":116},"discount_amount",[44,926,144],{"class":58},[44,928,929],{"class":147},"  # 200\n",[44,931,932,934,936,939,941],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,933,136],{"class":135},[44,935,120],{"class":58},[44,937,938],{"class":116},"final_price",[44,940,144],{"class":58},[44,942,943],{"class":147},"      # 1000\n",[44,945,947,949,951,954,956],{"class":46,"line":946},9,[44,948,136],{"class":135},[44,950,120],{"class":58},[44,952,953],{"class":116},"product",[44,955,144],{"class":58},[44,957,958],{"class":147},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,960,961],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[30,963,965,967,968],{"id":964},"pop-vs-del",[15,966,17],{}," vs ",[15,969,970],{},"del",[20,972,973,974,976,977,979],{},"Both ",[15,975,17],{}," and ",[15,978,970],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[981,982,227,984,986],"h3",{"id":983},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,985,17],{}," when you need the removed value",[35,988,990],{"className":37,"code":989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,991,992,1028,1032,1055,1059,1072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,993,994,996,998,1000,1002,1004,1006,1008,1010,1012,1014,1016,1018,1020,1022,1024,1026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,995,51],{"class":50},[44,997,55],{"class":54},[44,999,59],{"class":58},[44,1001,63],{"class":62},[44,1003,67],{"class":66},[44,1005,63],{"class":62},[44,1007,72],{"class":58},[44,1009,75],{"class":62},[44,1011,78],{"class":66},[44,1013,63],{"class":62},[44,1015,83],{"class":58},[44,1017,75],{"class":62},[44,1019,88],{"class":66},[44,1021,63],{"class":62},[44,1023,72],{"class":58},[44,1025,96],{"class":95},[44,1027,99],{"class":58},[44,1029,1030],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1031,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,1033,1034,1037,1039,1041,1043,1045,1047,1049,1051,1053],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,1035,1036],{"class":50},"age ",[44,1038,55],{"class":54},[44,1040,110],{"class":50},[44,1042,113],{"class":58},[44,1044,117],{"class":116},[44,1046,120],{"class":58},[44,1048,63],{"class":62},[44,1050,88],{"class":66},[44,1052,63],{"class":62},[44,1054,129],{"class":58},[44,1056,1057],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,1058,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,1060,1061,1063,1065,1067,1069],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,1062,136],{"class":135},[44,1064,120],{"class":58},[44,1066,88],{"class":116},[44,1068,144],{"class":58},[44,1070,1071],{"class":147},"     # 25\n",[44,1073,1074,1076,1078,1080,1082],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,1075,136],{"class":135},[44,1077,120],{"class":58},[44,1079,158],{"class":116},[44,1081,144],{"class":58},[44,1083,1084],{"class":147},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[981,1086,227,1088,1090],{"id":1087},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,1089,970],{}," when you only want deletion",[35,1092,1094],{"className":37,"code":1093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,1095,1096,1132,1136,1154,1158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1097,1098,1100,1102,1104,1106,1108,1110,1112,1114,1116,1118,1120,1122,1124,1126,1128,1130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1099,51],{"class":50},[44,1101,55],{"class":54},[44,1103,59],{"class":58},[44,1105,63],{"class":62},[44,1107,67],{"class":66},[44,1109,63],{"class":62},[44,1111,72],{"class":58},[44,1113,75],{"class":62},[44,1115,78],{"class":66},[44,1117,63],{"class":62},[44,1119,83],{"class":58},[44,1121,75],{"class":62},[44,1123,88],{"class":66},[44,1125,63],{"class":62},[44,1127,72],{"class":58},[44,1129,96],{"class":95},[44,1131,99],{"class":58},[44,1133,1134],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1135,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,1137,1138,1141,1143,1145,1147,1149,1151],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,1139,970],{"class":1140},"sVHd0",[44,1142,110],{"class":50},[44,1144,896],{"class":58},[44,1146,63],{"class":62},[44,1148,88],{"class":66},[44,1150,63],{"class":62},[44,1152,1153],{"class":58},"]\n",[44,1155,1156],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,1157,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,1159,1160,1162,1164,1166,1168],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,1161,136],{"class":135},[44,1163,120],{"class":58},[44,1165,158],{"class":116},[44,1167,144],{"class":58},[44,1169,1084],{"class":147},[20,1171,1172],{},"Difference:",[252,1174,1175,1180],{},[255,1176,1177,1179],{},[15,1178,17],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[255,1181,1182,1184],{},[15,1183,970],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,1186,1187,1188,113],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[625,1189,1191],{"href":1190},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[30,1193,1195,1196],{"id":1194},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,1197,238],{},[20,1199,1200],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[981,1202,1204],{"id":1203},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[35,1206,1208],{"className":37,"code":1207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,1209,1210,1236,1240,1270,1274,1288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1211,1212,1215,1217,1219,1221,1223,1225,1227,1229,1232,1234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1213,1214],{"class":50},"my_dict ",[44,1216,55],{"class":54},[44,1218,59],{"class":58},[44,1220,63],{"class":62},[44,1222,67],{"class":66},[44,1224,63],{"class":62},[44,1226,72],{"class":58},[44,1228,75],{"class":62},[44,1230,1231],{"class":66},"Sara",[44,1233,63],{"class":62},[44,1235,99],{"class":58},[44,1237,1238],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1239,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,1241,1242,1245,1247,1250,1252,1254,1256,1258,1260,1262,1264,1268],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,1243,1244],{"class":50},"value ",[44,1246,55],{"class":54},[44,1248,1249],{"class":50}," my_dict",[44,1251,113],{"class":58},[44,1253,117],{"class":116},[44,1255,120],{"class":58},[44,1257,63],{"class":62},[44,1259,88],{"class":66},[44,1261,63],{"class":62},[44,1263,83],{"class":58},[44,1265,1267],{"class":1266},"s39Yj"," None",[44,1269,129],{"class":58},[44,1271,1272],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,1273,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,1275,1276,1278,1280,1283,1285],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,1277,136],{"class":135},[44,1279,120],{"class":58},[44,1281,1282],{"class":116},"value",[44,1284,144],{"class":58},[44,1286,1287],{"class":147},"   # None\n",[44,1289,1290,1292,1294,1296,1298],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,1291,136],{"class":135},[44,1293,120],{"class":58},[44,1295,405],{"class":116},[44,1297,144],{"class":58},[44,1299,1300],{"class":147}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,1302,1303],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[981,1305,1307],{"id":1306},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[35,1309,1311],{"className":37,"code":1310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,1312,1313,1337,1341,1360,1383,1394,1401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1314,1315,1317,1319,1321,1323,1325,1327,1329,1331,1333,1335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1316,1214],{"class":50},[44,1318,55],{"class":54},[44,1320,59],{"class":58},[44,1322,63],{"class":62},[44,1324,67],{"class":66},[44,1326,63],{"class":62},[44,1328,72],{"class":58},[44,1330,75],{"class":62},[44,1332,1231],{"class":66},[44,1334,63],{"class":62},[44,1336,99],{"class":58},[44,1338,1339],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1340,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,1342,1343,1346,1348,1350,1352,1355,1357],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,1344,1345],{"class":1140},"if",[44,1347,75],{"class":62},[44,1349,88],{"class":66},[44,1351,63],{"class":62},[44,1353,1354],{"class":54}," in",[44,1356,1249],{"class":50},[44,1358,1359],{"class":58},":\n",[44,1361,1362,1365,1367,1369,1371,1373,1375,1377,1379,1381],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,1363,1364],{"class":50},"    value ",[44,1366,55],{"class":54},[44,1368,1249],{"class":50},[44,1370,113],{"class":58},[44,1372,117],{"class":116},[44,1374,120],{"class":58},[44,1376,63],{"class":62},[44,1378,88],{"class":66},[44,1380,63],{"class":62},[44,1382,129],{"class":58},[44,1384,1385,1388,1390,1392],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,1386,1387],{"class":135},"    print",[44,1389,120],{"class":58},[44,1391,1282],{"class":116},[44,1393,129],{"class":58},[44,1395,1396,1399],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,1397,1398],{"class":1140},"else",[44,1400,1359],{"class":58},[44,1402,1403,1405,1407,1409,1412,1414],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,1404,1387],{"class":135},[44,1406,120],{"class":58},[44,1408,63],{"class":62},[44,1410,1411],{"class":66},"Key not found",[44,1413,63],{"class":62},[44,1415,129],{"class":58},[981,1417,1419,1420,1423],{"id":1418},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,1421,1422],{},"get()"," if you do not want to remove anything",[35,1425,1427],{"className":37,"code":1426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,1428,1429,1453,1457,1484,1488,1500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1430,1431,1433,1435,1437,1439,1441,1443,1445,1447,1449,1451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1432,1214],{"class":50},[44,1434,55],{"class":54},[44,1436,59],{"class":58},[44,1438,63],{"class":62},[44,1440,67],{"class":66},[44,1442,63],{"class":62},[44,1444,72],{"class":58},[44,1446,75],{"class":62},[44,1448,1231],{"class":66},[44,1450,63],{"class":62},[44,1452,99],{"class":58},[44,1454,1455],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1456,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,1458,1459,1461,1463,1465,1467,1470,1472,1474,1476,1478,1480,1482],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,1460,1244],{"class":50},[44,1462,55],{"class":54},[44,1464,1249],{"class":50},[44,1466,113],{"class":58},[44,1468,1469],{"class":116},"get",[44,1471,120],{"class":58},[44,1473,63],{"class":62},[44,1475,88],{"class":66},[44,1477,63],{"class":62},[44,1479,83],{"class":58},[44,1481,1267],{"class":1266},[44,1483,129],{"class":58},[44,1485,1486],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,1487,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,1489,1490,1492,1494,1496,1498],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,1491,136],{"class":135},[44,1493,120],{"class":58},[44,1495,1282],{"class":116},[44,1497,144],{"class":58},[44,1499,1287],{"class":147},[44,1501,1502,1504,1506,1508,1510],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,1503,136],{"class":135},[44,1505,120],{"class":58},[44,1507,405],{"class":116},[44,1509,144],{"class":58},[44,1511,1300],{"class":147},[20,1513,227,1514,1518,1519,113],{},[625,1515,1516],{"href":761},[15,1517,764],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[625,1520,1522],{"href":1521},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[30,1524,1526],{"id":1525},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[20,1528,1529,1530,113],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,1531,24],{},[981,1533,1535,1536,1538],{"id":1534},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list","Thinking ",[15,1537,17],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,1540,1541],{},"Lists use indexes:",[35,1543,1545],{"className":37,"code":1544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,1546,1547,1571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1548,1549,1552,1554,1557,1560,1562,1564,1566,1569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1550,1551],{"class":50},"numbers ",[44,1553,55],{"class":54},[44,1555,1556],{"class":58}," [",[44,1558,1559],{"class":95},"10",[44,1561,83],{"class":58},[44,1563,646],{"class":95},[44,1565,83],{"class":58},[44,1567,1568],{"class":95}," 30",[44,1570,1153],{"class":58},[44,1572,1573,1575,1577,1580,1582,1584,1586,1589,1591],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1574,136],{"class":135},[44,1576,120],{"class":58},[44,1578,1579],{"class":116},"numbers",[44,1581,113],{"class":58},[44,1583,117],{"class":116},[44,1585,120],{"class":58},[44,1587,1588],{"class":95},"1",[44,1590,532],{"class":58},[44,1592,1593],{"class":147},"  # 20\n",[20,1595,1596],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[35,1598,1600],{"className":37,"code":1599,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,1601,1602,1638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1603,1604,1606,1608,1610,1612,1614,1616,1618,1620,1622,1624,1626,1628,1630,1632,1634,1636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1605,51],{"class":50},[44,1607,55],{"class":54},[44,1609,59],{"class":58},[44,1611,63],{"class":62},[44,1613,67],{"class":66},[44,1615,63],{"class":62},[44,1617,72],{"class":58},[44,1619,75],{"class":62},[44,1621,78],{"class":66},[44,1623,63],{"class":62},[44,1625,83],{"class":58},[44,1627,75],{"class":62},[44,1629,88],{"class":66},[44,1631,63],{"class":62},[44,1633,72],{"class":58},[44,1635,96],{"class":95},[44,1637,99],{"class":58},[44,1639,1640,1642,1644,1646,1648,1650,1652,1654,1656,1658,1660],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1641,136],{"class":135},[44,1643,120],{"class":58},[44,1645,158],{"class":116},[44,1647,113],{"class":58},[44,1649,117],{"class":116},[44,1651,120],{"class":58},[44,1653,63],{"class":62},[44,1655,88],{"class":66},[44,1657,63],{"class":62},[44,1659,532],{"class":58},[44,1661,1662],{"class":147},"  # 25\n",[20,1664,1665,1666,1668,1669,1671],{},"A dictionary does ",[590,1667,592],{}," use positions with ",[15,1670,17],{},". It uses keys.",[981,1673,1675,1676,1678],{"id":1674},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary","Forgetting that ",[15,1677,17],{}," changes the original dictionary",[35,1680,1682],{"className":37,"code":1681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,1683,1684,1720,1724,1746,1750,1763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1685,1686,1688,1690,1692,1694,1697,1699,1701,1704,1706,1708,1711,1713,1715,1718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1687,616],{"class":50},[44,1689,55],{"class":54},[44,1691,59],{"class":58},[44,1693,63],{"class":62},[44,1695,1696],{"class":66},"x",[44,1698,63],{"class":62},[44,1700,72],{"class":58},[44,1702,1703],{"class":95}," 1",[44,1705,83],{"class":58},[44,1707,75],{"class":62},[44,1709,1710],{"class":66},"y",[44,1712,63],{"class":62},[44,1714,72],{"class":58},[44,1716,1717],{"class":95}," 2",[44,1719,99],{"class":58},[44,1721,1722],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1723,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,1725,1726,1728,1730,1732,1734,1736,1738,1740,1742,1744],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,1727,1244],{"class":50},[44,1729,55],{"class":54},[44,1731,662],{"class":50},[44,1733,113],{"class":58},[44,1735,117],{"class":116},[44,1737,120],{"class":58},[44,1739,63],{"class":62},[44,1741,1696],{"class":66},[44,1743,63],{"class":62},[44,1745,129],{"class":58},[44,1747,1748],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,1749,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,1751,1752,1754,1756,1758,1760],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,1753,136],{"class":135},[44,1755,120],{"class":58},[44,1757,1282],{"class":116},[44,1759,144],{"class":58},[44,1761,1762],{"class":147},"  # 1\n",[44,1764,1765,1767,1769,1771,1773],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,1766,136],{"class":135},[44,1768,120],{"class":58},[44,1770,750],{"class":116},[44,1772,144],{"class":58},[44,1774,1775],{"class":147},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,1777,1778,1779,1781],{},"After ",[15,1780,17],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[981,1783,1785,1786,1788],{"id":1784},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value","Using ",[15,1787,17],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[35,1790,1792],{"className":37,"code":1791,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,1793,1794,1819,1823,1828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1795,1796,1798,1800,1802,1804,1806,1808,1810,1812,1815,1817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1797,616],{"class":50},[44,1799,55],{"class":54},[44,1801,59],{"class":58},[44,1803,63],{"class":62},[44,1805,67],{"class":66},[44,1807,63],{"class":62},[44,1809,72],{"class":58},[44,1811,75],{"class":62},[44,1813,1814],{"class":66},"Mia",[44,1816,63],{"class":62},[44,1818,99],{"class":58},[44,1820,1821],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1822,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,1824,1825],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,1826,1827],{"class":147},"# This causes an error\n",[44,1829,1830],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,1831,1832],{"class":147},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,1834,1835],{},"Safer version:",[35,1837,1839],{"className":37,"code":1838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,1840,1841,1865,1869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1842,1843,1845,1847,1849,1851,1853,1855,1857,1859,1861,1863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1844,616],{"class":50},[44,1846,55],{"class":54},[44,1848,59],{"class":58},[44,1850,63],{"class":62},[44,1852,67],{"class":66},[44,1854,63],{"class":62},[44,1856,72],{"class":58},[44,1858,75],{"class":62},[44,1860,1814],{"class":66},[44,1862,63],{"class":62},[44,1864,99],{"class":58},[44,1866,1867],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1868,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,1870,1871,1873,1875,1877,1879,1881,1883,1885,1887,1889,1891,1893,1895,1897,1899],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,1872,136],{"class":135},[44,1874,120],{"class":58},[44,1876,750],{"class":116},[44,1878,113],{"class":58},[44,1880,117],{"class":116},[44,1882,120],{"class":58},[44,1884,63],{"class":62},[44,1886,88],{"class":66},[44,1888,63],{"class":62},[44,1890,83],{"class":58},[44,1892,75],{"class":62},[44,1894,705],{"class":66},[44,1896,63],{"class":62},[44,1898,532],{"class":58},[44,1900,741],{"class":147},[981,1902,1904,1905,1907],{"id":1903},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary","Expecting ",[15,1906,17],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[35,1909,1911],{"className":37,"code":1910,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,1912,1913,1945,1949,1972,1976,1989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1914,1915,1917,1919,1921,1923,1925,1927,1929,1931,1933,1935,1937,1939,1941,1943],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1916,616],{"class":50},[44,1918,55],{"class":54},[44,1920,59],{"class":58},[44,1922,63],{"class":62},[44,1924,625],{"class":66},[44,1926,63],{"class":62},[44,1928,72],{"class":58},[44,1930,1703],{"class":95},[44,1932,83],{"class":58},[44,1934,75],{"class":62},[44,1936,639],{"class":66},[44,1938,63],{"class":62},[44,1940,72],{"class":58},[44,1942,1717],{"class":95},[44,1944,99],{"class":58},[44,1946,1947],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1948,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,1950,1951,1954,1956,1958,1960,1962,1964,1966,1968,1970],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,1952,1953],{"class":50},"result ",[44,1955,55],{"class":54},[44,1957,662],{"class":50},[44,1959,113],{"class":58},[44,1961,117],{"class":116},[44,1963,120],{"class":58},[44,1965,63],{"class":62},[44,1967,625],{"class":66},[44,1969,63],{"class":62},[44,1971,129],{"class":58},[44,1973,1974],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,1975,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,1977,1978,1980,1982,1985,1987],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,1979,136],{"class":135},[44,1981,120],{"class":58},[44,1983,1984],{"class":116},"result",[44,1986,144],{"class":58},[44,1988,1762],{"class":147},[44,1990,1991,1993,1995,1997,1999],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,1992,136],{"class":135},[44,1994,120],{"class":58},[44,1996,750],{"class":116},[44,1998,144],{"class":58},[44,2000,2001],{"class":147},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,2003,2004],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[30,2006,2008],{"id":2007},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,2010,2011,2012,2014],{},"Problems with ",[15,2013,24],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[252,2016,2017,2020,2029,2032],{},[255,2018,2019],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[255,2021,2022,2023,2026,2027],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,2024,2025],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,2028,230],{},[255,2030,2031],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[255,2033,2034,2035,2037,2038],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,2036,1588],{}," instead of ",[15,2039,2040],{},"\"1\"",[20,2042,2043],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[35,2045,2047],{"className":37,"code":2046,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,2048,2049,2074,2078,2108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2050,2051,2053,2055,2057,2059,2061,2063,2065,2067,2070,2072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2052,616],{"class":50},[44,2054,55],{"class":54},[44,2056,59],{"class":58},[44,2058,63],{"class":62},[44,2060,1588],{"class":66},[44,2062,63],{"class":62},[44,2064,72],{"class":58},[44,2066,75],{"class":62},[44,2068,2069],{"class":66},"one",[44,2071,63],{"class":62},[44,2073,99],{"class":58},[44,2075,2076],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2077,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,2079,2080,2082,2084,2086,2088,2090,2092,2094,2096,2098,2101,2103,2105],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,2081,136],{"class":135},[44,2083,120],{"class":58},[44,2085,750],{"class":116},[44,2087,113],{"class":58},[44,2089,117],{"class":116},[44,2091,120],{"class":58},[44,2093,1588],{"class":95},[44,2095,83],{"class":58},[44,2097,75],{"class":62},[44,2099,2100],{"class":66},"not found",[44,2102,63],{"class":62},[44,2104,532],{"class":58},[44,2106,2107],{"class":147},"    # not found\n",[44,2109,2110,2112,2114,2116,2118,2120,2122,2124,2126,2128,2130,2132,2134,2136,2138],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,2111,136],{"class":135},[44,2113,120],{"class":58},[44,2115,750],{"class":116},[44,2117,113],{"class":58},[44,2119,117],{"class":116},[44,2121,120],{"class":58},[44,2123,63],{"class":62},[44,2125,1588],{"class":66},[44,2127,63],{"class":62},[44,2129,83],{"class":58},[44,2131,75],{"class":62},[44,2133,2100],{"class":66},[44,2135,63],{"class":62},[44,2137,532],{"class":58},[44,2139,2140],{"class":147},"  # one\n",[20,2142,2143,976,2145,2147],{},[15,2144,1588],{},[15,2146,2040],{}," are different keys.",[30,2149,2151],{"id":2150},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,2153,2154,2155,2157],{},"If ",[15,2156,17],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,2159,2161],{"className":37,"code":2160,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,2162,2163,2173,2189,2208,2240],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2164,2165,2167,2169,2171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2166,136],{"class":135},[44,2168,120],{"class":58},[44,2170,405],{"class":116},[44,2172,129],{"class":58},[44,2174,2175,2177,2179,2181,2183,2186],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2176,136],{"class":135},[44,2178,120],{"class":58},[44,2180,405],{"class":116},[44,2182,113],{"class":58},[44,2184,2185],{"class":116},"keys",[44,2187,2188],{"class":58},"())\n",[44,2190,2191,2193,2195,2198,2200,2202,2204,2206],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,2192,136],{"class":135},[44,2194,120],{"class":58},[44,2196,2197],{"class":62},"'",[44,2199,67],{"class":66},[44,2201,2197],{"class":62},[44,2203,1354],{"class":1140},[44,2205,1249],{"class":116},[44,2207,129],{"class":58},[44,2209,2210,2212,2214,2216,2218,2220,2222,2224,2226,2228,2230,2233,2235,2237],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,2211,136],{"class":135},[44,2213,120],{"class":58},[44,2215,405],{"class":116},[44,2217,113],{"class":58},[44,2219,117],{"class":116},[44,2221,120],{"class":58},[44,2223,2197],{"class":62},[44,2225,67],{"class":66},[44,2227,2197],{"class":62},[44,2229,83],{"class":58},[44,2231,2232],{"class":62}," '",[44,2234,705],{"class":66},[44,2236,2197],{"class":62},[44,2238,2239],{"class":58},"))\n",[44,2241,2242,2244,2246,2250,2252,2254],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,2243,136],{"class":135},[44,2245,120],{"class":58},[44,2247,2249],{"class":2248},"sZMiF","type",[44,2251,120],{"class":58},[44,2253,405],{"class":116},[44,2255,2239],{"class":58},[20,2257,2258],{},"What these checks tell you:",[252,2260,2261,2267,2273,2279,2285],{},[255,2262,2263,2266],{},[15,2264,2265],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current dictionary contents",[255,2268,2269,2272],{},[15,2270,2271],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows all available keys",[255,2274,2275,2278],{},[15,2276,2277],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks whether a key exists",[255,2280,2281,2284],{},[15,2282,2283],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[255,2286,2287,2290],{},[15,2288,2289],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,2292,2293,2294,113],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[625,2295,2297],{"href":2296},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[30,2299,2301],{"id":2300},"faq","FAQ",[981,2303,2305,2306,2308],{"id":2304},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,2307,17],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,2310,2311],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[981,2313,2315],{"id":2314},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,2317,2318,448,2320,2322,2323,2325],{},[15,2319,230],{},[15,2321,238],{},". ",[15,2324,234],{}," returns the default value instead.",[981,2327,2329,2330,2332],{"id":2328},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary","Does ",[15,2331,17],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,2334,2335],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[981,2337,2339,2340,2342],{"id":2338},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,2341,17],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,2344,2345,2346,2348,2349,113],{},"Not with ",[15,2347,24],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[625,2350,2352],{"href":2351},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,2353,2354],{},"popitem()",[981,2356,2358,2359,976,2361,2363],{"id":2357},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop","What is the difference between ",[15,2360,1422],{},[15,2362,17],{},"?",[20,2365,2366,2368,2369,2371],{},[15,2367,1422],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,2370,17],{}," reads and removes it.",[30,2373,2375],{"id":2374},"see-also","See also",[252,2377,2378,2385,2392,2397,2403,2407],{},[255,2379,2380],{},[625,2381,2382],{"href":761},[15,2383,2384],{},"Python Dictionary get() Method",[255,2386,2387],{},[625,2388,2389],{"href":2351},[15,2390,2391],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[255,2393,2394],{},[625,2395,2396],{"href":1190},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[255,2398,2399],{},[625,2400,2402],{"href":2401},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[255,2404,2405],{},[625,2406,1522],{"href":1521},[255,2408,2409],{},[625,2410,2412],{"href":2411},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2414,2415,2416],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":2418},[2419,2420,2422,2423,2424,2426,2433,2440,2450,2451,2452,2463],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":242,"depth":102,"text":2421},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":582,"depth":102,"text":583},{"id":768,"depth":102,"text":2425},"When to use pop()",{"id":964,"depth":102,"text":2427,"children":2428},"pop() vs del",[2429,2431],{"id":983,"depth":132,"text":2430},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":1087,"depth":132,"text":2432},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":1194,"depth":102,"text":2434,"children":2435},"How to avoid KeyError",[2436,2437,2438],{"id":1203,"depth":132,"text":1204},{"id":1306,"depth":132,"text":1307},{"id":1418,"depth":132,"text":2439},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526,"children":2441},[2442,2444,2446,2448],{"id":1534,"depth":132,"text":2443},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":1674,"depth":132,"text":2445},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":1784,"depth":132,"text":2447},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":1903,"depth":132,"text":2449},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":2007,"depth":102,"text":2008},{"id":2150,"depth":102,"text":2151},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":2453},[2454,2456,2457,2459,2461],{"id":2304,"depth":132,"text":2455},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":2314,"depth":132,"text":2315},{"id":2328,"depth":132,"text":2458},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":2338,"depth":132,"text":2460},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":2357,"depth":132,"text":2462},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":5,"description":2464},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",[2472,4075,5778,7470,9603,11789,13291,15459,17662,20116,21943,24508,26603,28672,30620,32531,34528,35968,37797,40322,42484,43713,45084,46732,49053,50897,52879,54573,55826,57520,59271,61243,62993,65093,66453,68404,69967,71958,73753,75653,78095,80173,82813,84842,86805,88993,90997,93310,94992,96437,97631,98809,100649,103089,104793,106808,108332,109577,110740,112122,114193,116090,117864,119730,121849,123589,125051,126645,128568,130245,132180,133669,136453,138030,139589,141617,143569,145032,146221,148107,149518,151214,152768,154190,155593,157491,159885,161716],{"id":2473,"title":2474,"body":2475,"description":4069,"extension":2465,"meta":4070,"navigation":169,"path":4071,"seo":4072,"stem":4073,"__hash__":4074},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2476,"toc":4041},[2477,2480,2487,2490,2501,2504,2508,2574,2577,2597,2602,2606,2611,2614,2630,2633,2659,2662,2664,2667,2682,2685,2712,2714,2771,2773,2788,2798,2809,2813,2816,2869,2871,2891,2894,2918,2925,2929,2934,2940,2942,2979,2981,2990,2996,3014,3017,3029,3033,3038,3042,3045,3066,3068,3126,3128,3136,3139,3143,3175,3177,3185,3188,3192,3197,3245,3247,3255,3259,3319,3321,3329,3332,3336,3340,3343,3366,3375,3391,3442,3444,3459,3470,3474,3477,3506,3513,3517,3522,3563,3565,3576,3579,3622,3624,3632,3636,3641,3663,3665,3674,3683,3687,3692,3714,3716,3786,3788,3838,3841,3844,3847,3927,3929,3960,3962,3966,3969,3973,3976,3980,3983,3987,3999,4003,4006,4008,4038],[10,2478,2474],{"id":2479},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2481,2482,2483,2486],{},"The ",[15,2484,2485],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2488,2489],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[252,2491,2492,2495,2498],{},[255,2493,2494],{},"a number without its negative sign",[255,2496,2497],{},"the distance between two numbers",[255,2499,2500],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2502,2503],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[30,2505,2507],{"id":2506},"quick-example","Quick example",[35,2509,2511],{"className":37,"code":2510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2512,2513,2532,2547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2514,2515,2517,2519,2522,2524,2527,2530],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2516,136],{"class":135},[44,2518,120],{"class":58},[44,2520,2521],{"class":135},"abs",[44,2523,120],{"class":58},[44,2525,2526],{"class":54},"-",[44,2528,2529],{"class":95},"7",[44,2531,2239],{"class":58},[44,2533,2534,2536,2538,2540,2542,2545],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2535,136],{"class":135},[44,2537,120],{"class":58},[44,2539,2521],{"class":135},[44,2541,120],{"class":58},[44,2543,2544],{"class":95},"3.5",[44,2546,2239],{"class":58},[44,2548,2549,2551,2553,2555,2557,2559,2562,2565,2568,2572],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,2550,136],{"class":135},[44,2552,120],{"class":58},[44,2554,2521],{"class":135},[44,2556,120],{"class":58},[44,2558,2526],{"class":54},[44,2560,2561],{"class":95},"2",[44,2563,2564],{"class":54},"+",[44,2566,2567],{"class":95},"3",[44,2569,2571],{"class":2570},"sbsja","j",[44,2573,2239],{"class":58},[20,2575,2576],{},"Output:",[35,2578,2580],{"className":37,"code":2579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2581,2582,2587,2592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2583,2584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2585,2586],{"class":95},"7\n",[44,2588,2589],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2590,2591],{"class":95},"3.5\n",[44,2593,2594],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,2595,2596],{"class":95},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2598,227,2599,2601],{},[15,2600,2485],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[30,2603,2605],{"id":2604},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2607,2608,2610],{},[15,2609,2485],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2612,2613],{},"That means:",[252,2615,2616,2619,2622],{},[255,2617,2618],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[255,2620,2621],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[255,2623,2624,2627,2628],{},[15,2625,2626],{},"0"," stays ",[15,2629,2626],{},[20,2631,2632],{},"Examples:",[252,2634,2635,2644,2652],{},[255,2636,2637,2640,2641],{},[15,2638,2639],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2642,2643],{},"5",[255,2645,2646,2640,2649],{},[15,2647,2648],{},"abs(9)",[15,2650,2651],{},"9",[255,2653,2654,2640,2657],{},[15,2655,2656],{},"abs(0)",[15,2658,2626],{},[20,2660,2661],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[30,2663,392],{"id":391},[20,2665,2666],{},"The syntax is:",[35,2668,2670],{"className":37,"code":2669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abs(x)\n",[15,2671,2672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2673,2674,2676,2678,2680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2675,2521],{"class":135},[44,2677,120],{"class":58},[44,2679,1696],{"class":116},[44,2681,129],{"class":58},[20,2683,2684],{},"Here:",[252,2686,2687,2704,2709],{},[255,2688,2689,2691,2692,2695,2696,2699,2700,2703],{},[15,2690,1696],{}," is usually an ",[15,2693,2694],{},"int",", ",[15,2697,2698],{},"float",", or ",[15,2701,2702],{},"complex"," number",[255,2705,2706,2708],{},[15,2707,2485],{}," returns a new value",[255,2710,2711],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2713,269],{},[35,2715,2717],{"className":37,"code":2716,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2718,2719,2731,2747,2751,2761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2720,2721,2724,2726,2728],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2722,2723],{"class":50},"number ",[44,2725,55],{"class":54},[44,2727,908],{"class":54},[44,2729,2730],{"class":95},"12\n",[44,2732,2733,2735,2737,2740,2742,2745],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2734,1953],{"class":50},[44,2736,55],{"class":54},[44,2738,2739],{"class":135}," abs",[44,2741,120],{"class":58},[44,2743,2744],{"class":116},"number",[44,2746,129],{"class":58},[44,2748,2749],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,2750,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,2752,2753,2755,2757,2759],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,2754,136],{"class":135},[44,2756,120],{"class":58},[44,2758,2744],{"class":116},[44,2760,129],{"class":58},[44,2762,2763,2765,2767,2769],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,2764,136],{"class":135},[44,2766,120],{"class":58},[44,2768,1984],{"class":116},[44,2770,129],{"class":58},[20,2772,2576],{},[35,2774,2776],{"className":37,"code":2775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-12\n12\n",[15,2777,2778,2784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2779,2780,2782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2781,2526],{"class":54},[44,2783,2730],{"class":95},[44,2785,2786],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2787,2730],{"class":95},[20,2789,2790,2791,2793,2794,2797],{},"Notice that ",[15,2792,2744],{}," is still ",[15,2795,2796],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2799,2800,2801,2808],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[625,2802,2804,2807],{"href":2803},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2805,2806],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[30,2810,2812],{"id":2811},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2814,2815],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[35,2817,2819],{"className":37,"code":2818,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2820,2821,2837,2852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2822,2823,2825,2827,2829,2831,2833,2835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2824,136],{"class":135},[44,2826,120],{"class":58},[44,2828,2521],{"class":135},[44,2830,120],{"class":58},[44,2832,2526],{"class":54},[44,2834,1559],{"class":95},[44,2836,2239],{"class":58},[44,2838,2839,2841,2843,2845,2847,2850],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2840,136],{"class":135},[44,2842,120],{"class":58},[44,2844,2521],{"class":135},[44,2846,120],{"class":58},[44,2848,2849],{"class":95},"8",[44,2851,2239],{"class":58},[44,2853,2854,2856,2858,2860,2862,2864,2867],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,2855,136],{"class":135},[44,2857,120],{"class":58},[44,2859,2521],{"class":135},[44,2861,120],{"class":58},[44,2863,2526],{"class":54},[44,2865,2866],{"class":95},"4.2",[44,2868,2239],{"class":58},[20,2870,2576],{},[35,2872,2874],{"className":37,"code":2873,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2875,2876,2881,2886],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2877,2878],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2879,2880],{"class":95},"10\n",[44,2882,2883],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2884,2885],{"class":95},"8\n",[44,2887,2888],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,2889,2890],{"class":95},"4.2\n",[20,2892,2893],{},"What each line does:",[252,2895,2896,2904,2911],{},[255,2897,2898,2901,2902],{},[15,2899,2900],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2903,1559],{},[255,2905,2906,2901,2909],{},[15,2907,2908],{},"abs(8)",[15,2910,2849],{},[255,2912,2913,2901,2916],{},[15,2914,2915],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2917,2866],{},[20,2919,2920,2921,113],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[625,2922,2924],{"href":2923},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[30,2926,2928],{"id":2927},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2930,2931,2933],{},[15,2932,2485],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2935,2936,2937,2939],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2938,2626],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2941,269],{},[35,2943,2945],{"className":37,"code":2944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2946,2947,2965],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2948,2949,2951,2953,2956,2959,2962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2950,1244],{"class":50},[44,2952,55],{"class":54},[44,2954,2955],{"class":95}," 3",[44,2957,2958],{"class":54}," +",[44,2960,2961],{"class":95}," 4",[44,2963,2964],{"class":2570},"j\n",[44,2966,2967,2969,2971,2973,2975,2977],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2968,136],{"class":135},[44,2970,120],{"class":58},[44,2972,2521],{"class":135},[44,2974,120],{"class":58},[44,2976,1282],{"class":116},[44,2978,2239],{"class":58},[20,2980,2576],{},[35,2982,2984],{"className":37,"code":2983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n",[15,2985,2986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2987,2988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2989,2983],{"class":95},[20,2991,2992,2993,2363],{},"Why ",[15,2994,2995],{},"5.0",[252,2997,2998,3003,3009],{},[255,2999,3000,3001],{},"the real part is ",[15,3002,2567],{},[255,3004,3005,3006],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,3007,3008],{},"4",[255,3010,3011,3012],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,3013,2995],{},[20,3015,3016],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[252,3018,3019,3026],{},[255,3020,3021,3023,3024],{},[15,3022,2485],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,3025,2698],{},[255,3027,3028],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[30,3030,3032],{"id":3031},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,3034,3035,3036,113],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,3037,2485],{},[981,3039,3041],{"id":3040},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,3043,3044],{},"A very common pattern is:",[35,3046,3048],{"className":37,"code":3047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,3049,3050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3051,3052,3054,3056,3059,3061,3064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3053,2521],{"class":135},[44,3055,120],{"class":58},[44,3057,3058],{"class":116},"a ",[44,3060,2526],{"class":54},[44,3062,3063],{"class":116}," b",[44,3065,129],{"class":58},[20,3067,269],{},[35,3069,3071],{"className":37,"code":3070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,3072,3073,3082,3092,3096,3115],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3074,3075,3077,3079],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3076,3058],{"class":50},[44,3078,55],{"class":54},[44,3080,3081],{"class":95}," 3\n",[44,3083,3084,3087,3089],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3085,3086],{"class":50},"b ",[44,3088,55],{"class":54},[44,3090,3091],{"class":95}," 10\n",[44,3093,3094],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,3095,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,3097,3098,3101,3103,3105,3107,3109,3111,3113],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,3099,3100],{"class":50},"distance ",[44,3102,55],{"class":54},[44,3104,2739],{"class":135},[44,3106,120],{"class":58},[44,3108,3058],{"class":116},[44,3110,2526],{"class":54},[44,3112,3063],{"class":116},[44,3114,129],{"class":58},[44,3116,3117,3119,3121,3124],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,3118,136],{"class":135},[44,3120,120],{"class":58},[44,3122,3123],{"class":116},"distance",[44,3125,129],{"class":58},[20,3127,2576],{},[35,3129,3130],{"className":37,"code":2586,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3131,3132],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3133,3134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3135,2586],{"class":95},[20,3137,3138],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[981,3140,3142],{"id":3141},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[35,3144,3146],{"className":37,"code":3145,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,3147,3148,3160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3149,3150,3153,3155,3157],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3151,3152],{"class":50},"temperature_change ",[44,3154,55],{"class":54},[44,3156,908],{"class":54},[44,3158,3159],{"class":95},"6\n",[44,3161,3162,3164,3166,3168,3170,3173],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3163,136],{"class":135},[44,3165,120],{"class":58},[44,3167,2521],{"class":135},[44,3169,120],{"class":58},[44,3171,3172],{"class":116},"temperature_change",[44,3174,2239],{"class":58},[20,3176,2576],{},[35,3178,3179],{"className":37,"code":3159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3180,3181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3182,3183],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3184,3159],{"class":95},[20,3186,3187],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[981,3189,3191],{"id":3190},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,3193,3194,3195,2808],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,3196,2485],{},[35,3198,3200],{"className":37,"code":3199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,3201,3202,3214,3230,3234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3203,3204,3207,3209,3211],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3205,3206],{"class":50},"balance_change ",[44,3208,55],{"class":54},[44,3210,908],{"class":54},[44,3212,3213],{"class":95},"25\n",[44,3215,3216,3219,3221,3223,3225,3228],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3217,3218],{"class":50},"safe_value ",[44,3220,55],{"class":54},[44,3222,2739],{"class":135},[44,3224,120],{"class":58},[44,3226,3227],{"class":116},"balance_change",[44,3229,129],{"class":58},[44,3231,3232],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,3233,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,3235,3236,3238,3240,3243],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,3237,136],{"class":135},[44,3239,120],{"class":58},[44,3241,3242],{"class":116},"safe_value",[44,3244,129],{"class":58},[20,3246,2576],{},[35,3248,3249],{"className":37,"code":3213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3250,3251],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3252,3253],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3254,3213],{"class":95},[981,3256,3258],{"id":3257},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[35,3260,3262],{"className":37,"code":3261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,3263,3264,3274,3284,3288,3308],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3265,3266,3269,3271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3267,3268],{"class":50},"guess ",[44,3270,55],{"class":54},[44,3272,3273],{"class":95}," 42\n",[44,3275,3276,3279,3281],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3277,3278],{"class":50},"target ",[44,3280,55],{"class":54},[44,3282,3283],{"class":95}," 50\n",[44,3285,3286],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,3287,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,3289,3290,3293,3295,3297,3299,3301,3303,3306],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,3291,3292],{"class":50},"difference ",[44,3294,55],{"class":54},[44,3296,2739],{"class":135},[44,3298,120],{"class":58},[44,3300,3268],{"class":116},[44,3302,2526],{"class":54},[44,3304,3305],{"class":116}," target",[44,3307,129],{"class":58},[44,3309,3310,3312,3314,3317],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,3311,136],{"class":135},[44,3313,120],{"class":58},[44,3315,3316],{"class":116},"difference",[44,3318,129],{"class":58},[20,3320,2576],{},[35,3322,3323],{"className":37,"code":2885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3324,3325],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3326,3327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3328,2885],{"class":95},[20,3330,3331],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[30,3333,3335],{"id":3334},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[981,3337,3339],{"id":3338},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,3341,3342],{},"This causes an error:",[35,3344,3346],{"className":37,"code":3345,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3347,3348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3349,3350,3352,3354,3356,3358,3360,3362,3364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3351,136],{"class":135},[44,3353,120],{"class":58},[44,3355,2521],{"class":135},[44,3357,120],{"class":58},[44,3359,63],{"class":62},[44,3361,2643],{"class":66},[44,3363,63],{"class":62},[44,3365,2239],{"class":58},[20,3367,3368,3371,3372,3374],{},[15,3369,3370],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3373,2485],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3376,3377,3378,3384,3385,72],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[625,3379,3381],{"href":3380},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3382,3383],{},"int()"," or ",[625,3386,3388],{"href":3387},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3389,3390],{},"float()",[35,3392,3394],{"className":37,"code":3393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3395,3396,3419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3397,3398,3400,3402,3404,3406,3408,3410,3412,3414,3416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3399,136],{"class":135},[44,3401,120],{"class":58},[44,3403,2521],{"class":135},[44,3405,120],{"class":58},[44,3407,2694],{"class":2248},[44,3409,120],{"class":58},[44,3411,63],{"class":62},[44,3413,2643],{"class":66},[44,3415,63],{"class":62},[44,3417,3418],{"class":58},")))\n",[44,3420,3421,3423,3425,3427,3429,3431,3433,3435,3438,3440],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3422,136],{"class":135},[44,3424,120],{"class":58},[44,3426,2521],{"class":135},[44,3428,120],{"class":58},[44,3430,2698],{"class":2248},[44,3432,120],{"class":58},[44,3434,63],{"class":62},[44,3436,3437],{"class":66},"-3.2",[44,3439,63],{"class":62},[44,3441,3418],{"class":58},[20,3443,2576],{},[35,3445,3447],{"className":37,"code":3446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3448,3449,3454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3450,3451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3452,3453],{"class":95},"5\n",[44,3455,3456],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3457,3458],{"class":95},"3.2\n",[20,3460,3461,3462,3465,3466,113],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3463,3464],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[625,3467,3469],{"href":3468},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[981,3471,3473],{"id":3472},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3475,3476],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[35,3478,3480],{"className":37,"code":3479,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3481,3482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3483,3484,3486,3488,3490,3493,3495,3497,3499,3501,3503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3485,136],{"class":135},[44,3487,120],{"class":58},[44,3489,2521],{"class":135},[44,3491,3492],{"class":58},"([",[44,3494,1588],{"class":95},[44,3496,83],{"class":58},[44,3498,1717],{"class":95},[44,3500,83],{"class":58},[44,3502,2955],{"class":95},[44,3504,3505],{"class":58},"]))\n",[20,3507,3508,3509,3512],{},"This raises a ",[15,3510,3511],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[981,3514,3516],{"id":3515},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3518,3519,3521],{},[15,3520,2485],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[35,3523,3525],{"className":37,"code":3524,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3526,3527,3539,3549,3553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3528,3529,3532,3534,3536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3530,3531],{"class":50},"x ",[44,3533,55],{"class":54},[44,3535,908],{"class":54},[44,3537,3538],{"class":95},"9\n",[44,3540,3541,3543,3545,3547],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3542,2521],{"class":135},[44,3544,120],{"class":58},[44,3546,1696],{"class":116},[44,3548,129],{"class":58},[44,3550,3551],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,3552,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,3554,3555,3557,3559,3561],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,3556,136],{"class":135},[44,3558,120],{"class":58},[44,3560,1696],{"class":116},[44,3562,129],{"class":58},[20,3564,2576],{},[35,3566,3568],{"className":37,"code":3567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-9\n",[15,3569,3570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3571,3572,3574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3573,2526],{"class":54},[44,3575,3538],{"class":95},[20,3577,3578],{},"If you want to store the result:",[35,3580,3582],{"className":37,"code":3581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3583,3584,3594,3608,3612],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3585,3586,3588,3590,3592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3587,3531],{"class":50},[44,3589,55],{"class":54},[44,3591,908],{"class":54},[44,3593,3538],{"class":95},[44,3595,3596,3598,3600,3602,3604,3606],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3597,3531],{"class":50},[44,3599,55],{"class":54},[44,3601,2739],{"class":135},[44,3603,120],{"class":58},[44,3605,1696],{"class":116},[44,3607,129],{"class":58},[44,3609,3610],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,3611,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,3613,3614,3616,3618,3620],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,3615,136],{"class":135},[44,3617,120],{"class":58},[44,3619,1696],{"class":116},[44,3621,129],{"class":58},[20,3623,2576],{},[35,3625,3626],{"className":37,"code":3538,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3627,3628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3629,3630],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3631,3538],{"class":95},[981,3633,3635],{"id":3634},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3637,3638,3640],{},[15,3639,2485],{}," does not round numbers.",[35,3642,3644],{"className":37,"code":3643,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3645,3646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3647,3648,3650,3652,3654,3656,3658,3661],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3649,136],{"class":135},[44,3651,120],{"class":58},[44,3653,2521],{"class":135},[44,3655,120],{"class":58},[44,3657,2526],{"class":54},[44,3659,3660],{"class":95},"4.7",[44,3662,2239],{"class":58},[20,3664,2576],{},[35,3666,3668],{"className":37,"code":3667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4.7\n",[15,3669,3670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3671,3672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3673,3667],{"class":95},[20,3675,3676,3677,3679,3680,3682],{},"If you expected ",[15,3678,2643],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3681,2485],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[30,3684,3686],{"id":3685},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3688,3689,3691],{},[15,3690,2485],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[252,3693,3694,3701,3708],{},[255,3695,3696,3698,3699],{},[15,3697,2694],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3700,2694],{},[255,3702,3703,3705,3706],{},[15,3704,2698],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3707,2698],{},[255,3709,3710,3705,3712],{},[15,3711,2702],{},[15,3713,2698],{},[20,3715,269],{},[35,3717,3719],{"className":37,"code":3718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3720,3721,3741,3762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3722,3723,3725,3727,3729,3731,3733,3735,3737,3739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3724,136],{"class":135},[44,3726,120],{"class":58},[44,3728,2249],{"class":2248},[44,3730,120],{"class":58},[44,3732,2521],{"class":135},[44,3734,120],{"class":58},[44,3736,2526],{"class":54},[44,3738,2643],{"class":95},[44,3740,3418],{"class":58},[44,3742,3743,3745,3747,3749,3751,3753,3755,3757,3760],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3744,136],{"class":135},[44,3746,120],{"class":58},[44,3748,2249],{"class":2248},[44,3750,120],{"class":58},[44,3752,2521],{"class":135},[44,3754,120],{"class":58},[44,3756,2526],{"class":54},[44,3758,3759],{"class":95},"3.2",[44,3761,3418],{"class":58},[44,3763,3764,3766,3768,3770,3772,3774,3776,3778,3780,3782,3784],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,3765,136],{"class":135},[44,3767,120],{"class":58},[44,3769,2249],{"class":2248},[44,3771,120],{"class":58},[44,3773,2521],{"class":135},[44,3775,120],{"class":58},[44,3777,2567],{"class":95},[44,3779,2958],{"class":54},[44,3781,2961],{"class":95},[44,3783,2571],{"class":2570},[44,3785,3418],{"class":58},[20,3787,2576],{},[35,3789,3791],{"className":37,"code":3790,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3792,3793,3810,3824],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3794,3795,3798,3801,3803,3805,3807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3796,3797],{"class":54},"\u003C",[44,3799,3800],{"class":2570},"class",[44,3802,2232],{"class":62},[44,3804,2694],{"class":66},[44,3806,2197],{"class":62},[44,3808,3809],{"class":54},">\n",[44,3811,3812,3814,3816,3818,3820,3822],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3813,3797],{"class":54},[44,3815,3800],{"class":2570},[44,3817,2232],{"class":62},[44,3819,2698],{"class":66},[44,3821,2197],{"class":62},[44,3823,3809],{"class":54},[44,3825,3826,3828,3830,3832,3834,3836],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,3827,3797],{"class":54},[44,3829,3800],{"class":2570},[44,3831,2232],{"class":62},[44,3833,2698],{"class":66},[44,3835,2197],{"class":62},[44,3837,3809],{"class":54},[20,3839,3840],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3842,3843],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3845,3846],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[35,3848,3850],{"className":37,"code":3849,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3851,3852,3866,3876,3890,3894,3908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3853,3854,3856,3858,3860,3863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3855,1244],{"class":50},[44,3857,55],{"class":54},[44,3859,75],{"class":62},[44,3861,3862],{"class":66},"-5",[44,3864,3865],{"class":62},"\"\n",[44,3867,3868,3870,3872,3874],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3869,136],{"class":135},[44,3871,120],{"class":58},[44,3873,1282],{"class":116},[44,3875,129],{"class":58},[44,3877,3878,3880,3882,3884,3886,3888],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,3879,136],{"class":135},[44,3881,120],{"class":58},[44,3883,2249],{"class":2248},[44,3885,120],{"class":58},[44,3887,1282],{"class":116},[44,3889,2239],{"class":58},[44,3891,3892],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,3893,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,3895,3896,3899,3901,3903,3906],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,3897,3898],{"class":50},"user_input ",[44,3900,55],{"class":54},[44,3902,75],{"class":62},[44,3904,3905],{"class":66},"-3.7",[44,3907,3865],{"class":62},[44,3909,3910,3912,3914,3916,3918,3920,3922,3925],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,3911,136],{"class":135},[44,3913,120],{"class":58},[44,3915,2521],{"class":135},[44,3917,120],{"class":58},[44,3919,2698],{"class":2248},[44,3921,120],{"class":58},[44,3923,3924],{"class":116},"user_input",[44,3926,3418],{"class":58},[20,3928,2576],{},[35,3930,3932],{"className":37,"code":3931,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3933,3934,3940,3955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3935,3936,3938],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3937,2526],{"class":54},[44,3939,3453],{"class":95},[44,3941,3942,3944,3946,3948,3951,3953],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3943,3797],{"class":54},[44,3945,3800],{"class":2570},[44,3947,2232],{"class":62},[44,3949,3950],{"class":66},"str",[44,3952,2197],{"class":62},[44,3954,3809],{"class":54},[44,3956,3957],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,3958,3959],{"class":95},"3.7\n",[30,3961,2301],{"id":2300},[981,3963,3965],{"id":3964},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3967,3968],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[981,3970,3972],{"id":3971},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3974,3975],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[981,3977,3979],{"id":3978},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3981,3982],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[981,3984,3986],{"id":3985},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3988,3989,3991,3992,3384,3994,3996,3997,113],{},[15,3990,3464],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3993,3383],{},[15,3995,3390],{}," before using ",[15,3998,2485],{},[981,4000,4002],{"id":4001},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,4004,4005],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[30,4007,2375],{"id":2374},[252,4009,4010,4017,4023,4029,4034],{},[255,4011,4012],{},[625,4013,4014,4016],{"href":3380},[15,4015,3383],{}," function explained",[255,4018,4019],{},[625,4020,4021,4016],{"href":3387},[15,4022,3390],{},[255,4024,4025],{},[625,4026,4027,4016],{"href":2803},[15,4028,2806],{},[255,4030,4031],{},[625,4032,4033],{"href":3468},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[255,4035,4036],{},[625,4037,2924],{"href":2923},[2414,4039,4040],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":4042},[4043,4044,4045,4046,4047,4048,4054,4060,4061,4068],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":2604,"depth":102,"text":2605},{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":2811,"depth":102,"text":2812},{"id":2927,"depth":102,"text":2928},{"id":3031,"depth":102,"text":3032,"children":4049},[4050,4051,4052,4053],{"id":3040,"depth":132,"text":3041},{"id":3141,"depth":132,"text":3142},{"id":3190,"depth":132,"text":3191},{"id":3257,"depth":132,"text":3258},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":4055},[4056,4057,4058,4059],{"id":3338,"depth":132,"text":3339},{"id":3472,"depth":132,"text":3473},{"id":3515,"depth":132,"text":3516},{"id":3634,"depth":132,"text":3635},{"id":3685,"depth":102,"text":3686},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":4062},[4063,4064,4065,4066,4067],{"id":3964,"depth":132,"text":3965},{"id":3971,"depth":132,"text":3972},{"id":3978,"depth":132,"text":3979},{"id":3985,"depth":132,"text":3986},{"id":4001,"depth":132,"text":4002},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2474,"description":4069},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":4076,"title":4077,"body":4078,"description":5772,"extension":2465,"meta":5773,"navigation":169,"path":5774,"seo":5775,"stem":5776,"__hash__":5777},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4079,"toc":5736},[4080,4088,4094,4097,4114,4116,4169,4179,4184,4188,4207,4210,4227,4230,4234,4242,4259,4262,4302,4305,4312,4318,4392,4394,4425,4431,4435,4439,4478,4480,4489,4496,4500,4539,4541,4550,4560,4564,4620,4622,4630,4633,4636,4683,4685,4693,4699,4706,4711,4714,4717,4784,4786,4794,4797,4864,4866,4874,4888,4891,4902,4906,4912,4915,4917,4933,4935,4943,4946,4949,4952,4969,4972,4975,5005,5007,5020,5022,5026,5029,5044,5049,5052,5079,5086,5089,5129,5135,5141,5149,5152,5204,5210,5274,5279,5288,5291,5309,5315,5318,5460,5465,5470,5473,5484,5487,5543,5545,5553,5556,5614,5616,5624,5627,5638,5640,5647,5656,5665,5668,5675,5678,5686,5699,5701,5733],[10,4081,4083,4084,4087],{"id":4082},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,4085,4086],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,4089,4090,4091,4093],{},"Python’s ",[15,4092,4086],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,4095,4096],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[252,4098,4099,4102,4105],{},[255,4100,4101],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[255,4103,4104],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[255,4106,4107,2901,4110,4113],{},[15,4108,4109],{},"all([])",[15,4111,4112],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[30,4115,33],{"id":32},[35,4117,4119],{"className":37,"code":4118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,4120,4121,4141,4156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4122,4123,4125,4127,4129,4131,4133,4135,4137,4139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4124,1551],{"class":50},[44,4126,55],{"class":54},[44,4128,1556],{"class":58},[44,4130,1588],{"class":95},[44,4132,83],{"class":58},[44,4134,1717],{"class":95},[44,4136,83],{"class":58},[44,4138,2955],{"class":95},[44,4140,1153],{"class":58},[44,4142,4143,4145,4147,4150,4152,4154],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4144,1953],{"class":50},[44,4146,55],{"class":54},[44,4148,4149],{"class":135}," all",[44,4151,120],{"class":58},[44,4153,1579],{"class":116},[44,4155,129],{"class":58},[44,4157,4158,4160,4162,4164,4166],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,4159,136],{"class":135},[44,4161,120],{"class":58},[44,4163,1984],{"class":116},[44,4165,144],{"class":58},[44,4167,4168],{"class":147},"  # True\n",[20,4170,4171,2901,4173,4175,4176,113],{},[15,4172,4086],{},[15,4174,4112],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,4177,4178],{},"False",[30,4180,243,4182,246],{"id":4181},"what-all-does",[15,4183,4086],{},[20,4185,4186,72],{},[15,4187,4086],{},[252,4189,4190,4193,4199,4204],{},[255,4191,4192],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[255,4194,4195,4196,4198],{},"returns ",[15,4197,4112],{}," if all items are truthy",[255,4200,4195,4201,4203],{},[15,4202,4178],{}," if any item is falsy",[255,4205,4206],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,4208,4209],{},"Basic syntax:",[35,4211,4213],{"className":37,"code":4212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"all(iterable)\n",[15,4214,4215],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4216,4217,4220,4222,4225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4218,4219],{"class":135},"all",[44,4221,120],{"class":58},[44,4223,4224],{"class":116},"iterable",[44,4226,129],{"class":58},[20,4228,4229],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[30,4231,4233],{"id":4232},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,4235,4236,4237,3384,4239,4241],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,4238,4112],{},[15,4240,4178],{}," in conditions.",[252,4243,4244,4252],{},[255,4245,4246,4249,4250],{},[590,4247,4248],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,4251,4112],{},[255,4253,4254,4249,4257],{},[590,4255,4256],{},"Falsy",[15,4258,4178],{},[20,4260,4261],{},"Common falsy values include:",[252,4263,4264,4268,4273,4278,4283,4287,4292,4297],{},[255,4265,4266],{},[15,4267,2626],{},[255,4269,4270],{},[15,4271,4272],{},"0.0",[255,4274,4275],{},[15,4276,4277],{},"''",[255,4279,4280],{},[15,4281,4282],{},"None",[255,4284,4285],{},[15,4286,4178],{},[255,4288,4289],{},[15,4290,4291],{},"[]",[255,4293,4294],{},[15,4295,4296],{},"{}",[255,4298,4299],{},[15,4300,4301],{},"set()",[20,4303,4304],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,4306,4307,4308,113],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[625,4309,4311],{"href":4310},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,4313,4314,4315,72],{},"You can test this with ",[15,4316,4317],{},"bool()",[35,4319,4321],{"className":37,"code":4320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,4322,4323,4358,4362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4324,4325,4328,4330,4332,4334,4336,4338,4340,4343,4345,4347,4350,4352,4354,4356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4326,4327],{"class":50},"values ",[44,4329,55],{"class":54},[44,4331,1556],{"class":58},[44,4333,1588],{"class":95},[44,4335,83],{"class":58},[44,4337,561],{"class":95},[44,4339,83],{"class":58},[44,4341,4342],{"class":62}," ''",[44,4344,83],{"class":58},[44,4346,2232],{"class":62},[44,4348,4349],{"class":66},"hello",[44,4351,2197],{"class":62},[44,4353,83],{"class":58},[44,4355,1267],{"class":1266},[44,4357,1153],{"class":58},[44,4359,4360],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4361,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,4363,4364,4366,4368,4371,4373,4375,4377,4380,4383,4386,4389],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,4365,136],{"class":135},[44,4367,3492],{"class":58},[44,4369,4370],{"class":2248},"bool",[44,4372,120],{"class":58},[44,4374,1696],{"class":116},[44,4376,144],{"class":58},[44,4378,4379],{"class":1140}," for",[44,4381,4382],{"class":116}," x ",[44,4384,4385],{"class":1140},"in",[44,4387,4388],{"class":116}," values",[44,4390,4391],{"class":58},"])\n",[20,4393,2576],{},[35,4395,4397],{"className":37,"code":4396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4398,4399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4400,4401,4403,4405,4407,4410,4412,4414,4416,4419,4421,4423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4402,896],{"class":58},[44,4404,4112],{"class":1266},[44,4406,83],{"class":58},[44,4408,4409],{"class":1266}," False",[44,4411,83],{"class":58},[44,4413,4409],{"class":1266},[44,4415,83],{"class":58},[44,4417,4418],{"class":1266}," True",[44,4420,83],{"class":58},[44,4422,4409],{"class":1266},[44,4424,1153],{"class":58},[20,4426,4427,4428,4430],{},"This matters because ",[15,4429,4086],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[30,4432,4434],{"id":4433},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[981,4436,4438],{"id":4437},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[35,4440,4442],{"className":37,"code":4441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4443,4444,4464],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4445,4446,4448,4450,4452,4454,4456,4458,4460,4462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4447,1551],{"class":50},[44,4449,55],{"class":54},[44,4451,1556],{"class":58},[44,4453,1588],{"class":95},[44,4455,83],{"class":58},[44,4457,1717],{"class":95},[44,4459,83],{"class":58},[44,4461,2955],{"class":95},[44,4463,1153],{"class":58},[44,4465,4466,4468,4470,4472,4474,4476],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4467,136],{"class":135},[44,4469,120],{"class":58},[44,4471,4219],{"class":135},[44,4473,120],{"class":58},[44,4475,1579],{"class":116},[44,4477,2239],{"class":58},[20,4479,2576],{},[35,4481,4483],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n",[15,4484,4485],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4486,4487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4488,4482],{"class":1266},[20,4490,4491,4492,2901,4494,113],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4493,4086],{},[15,4495,4112],{},[981,4497,4499],{"id":4498},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[35,4501,4503],{"className":37,"code":4502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4504,4505,4525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4506,4507,4509,4511,4513,4515,4517,4519,4521,4523],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4508,1551],{"class":50},[44,4510,55],{"class":54},[44,4512,1556],{"class":58},[44,4514,1588],{"class":95},[44,4516,83],{"class":58},[44,4518,561],{"class":95},[44,4520,83],{"class":58},[44,4522,2955],{"class":95},[44,4524,1153],{"class":58},[44,4526,4527,4529,4531,4533,4535,4537],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4528,136],{"class":135},[44,4530,120],{"class":58},[44,4532,4219],{"class":135},[44,4534,120],{"class":58},[44,4536,1579],{"class":116},[44,4538,2239],{"class":58},[20,4540,2576],{},[35,4542,4544],{"className":37,"code":4543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\n",[15,4545,4546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4547,4548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4549,4543],{"class":1266},[20,4551,4552,4553,4555,4556,2901,4558,113],{},"The value ",[15,4554,2626],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4557,4086],{},[15,4559,4178],{},[981,4561,4563],{"id":4562},"example-strings","Example: strings",[35,4565,4567],{"className":37,"code":4566,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4568,4569,4605],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4570,4571,4574,4576,4578,4580,4583,4585,4587,4589,4592,4594,4596,4598,4601,4603],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4572,4573],{"class":50},"words ",[44,4575,55],{"class":54},[44,4577,1556],{"class":58},[44,4579,2197],{"class":62},[44,4581,4582],{"class":66},"apple",[44,4584,2197],{"class":62},[44,4586,83],{"class":58},[44,4588,2232],{"class":62},[44,4590,4591],{"class":66},"banana",[44,4593,2197],{"class":62},[44,4595,83],{"class":58},[44,4597,2232],{"class":62},[44,4599,4600],{"class":66},"cherry",[44,4602,2197],{"class":62},[44,4604,1153],{"class":58},[44,4606,4607,4609,4611,4613,4615,4618],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4608,136],{"class":135},[44,4610,120],{"class":58},[44,4612,4219],{"class":135},[44,4614,120],{"class":58},[44,4616,4617],{"class":116},"words",[44,4619,2239],{"class":58},[20,4621,2576],{},[35,4623,4624],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4625,4626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4627,4628],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4629,4482],{"class":1266},[20,4631,4632],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4634,4635],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[35,4637,4639],{"className":37,"code":4638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4640,4641,4669],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4642,4643,4645,4647,4649,4651,4653,4655,4657,4659,4661,4663,4665,4667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4644,4573],{"class":50},[44,4646,55],{"class":54},[44,4648,1556],{"class":58},[44,4650,2197],{"class":62},[44,4652,4582],{"class":66},[44,4654,2197],{"class":62},[44,4656,83],{"class":58},[44,4658,4342],{"class":62},[44,4660,83],{"class":58},[44,4662,2232],{"class":62},[44,4664,4600],{"class":66},[44,4666,2197],{"class":62},[44,4668,1153],{"class":58},[44,4670,4671,4673,4675,4677,4679,4681],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4672,136],{"class":135},[44,4674,120],{"class":58},[44,4676,4219],{"class":135},[44,4678,120],{"class":58},[44,4680,4617],{"class":116},[44,4682,2239],{"class":58},[20,4684,2576],{},[35,4686,4687],{"className":37,"code":4543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4688,4689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4690,4691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4692,4543],{"class":1266},[20,4694,4695,4696,4698],{},"The empty string ",[15,4697,4277],{}," is falsy.",[30,4700,4702,4703,4705],{"id":4701},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4704,4086],{}," works with conditions",[20,4707,4708,4710],{},[15,4709,4086],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4712,4713],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4715,4716],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[35,4718,4720],{"className":37,"code":4719,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4721,4722,4742,4770,4774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4723,4724,4726,4728,4730,4732,4734,4736,4738,4740],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4725,1551],{"class":50},[44,4727,55],{"class":54},[44,4729,1556],{"class":58},[44,4731,1588],{"class":95},[44,4733,83],{"class":58},[44,4735,1717],{"class":95},[44,4737,83],{"class":58},[44,4739,2955],{"class":95},[44,4741,1153],{"class":58},[44,4743,4744,4746,4748,4750,4752,4754,4757,4759,4761,4763,4765,4768],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4745,1953],{"class":50},[44,4747,55],{"class":54},[44,4749,4149],{"class":135},[44,4751,120],{"class":58},[44,4753,3531],{"class":116},[44,4755,4756],{"class":54},">",[44,4758,561],{"class":95},[44,4760,4379],{"class":1140},[44,4762,4382],{"class":116},[44,4764,4385],{"class":1140},[44,4766,4767],{"class":116}," numbers",[44,4769,129],{"class":58},[44,4771,4772],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,4773,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,4775,4776,4778,4780,4782],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,4777,136],{"class":135},[44,4779,120],{"class":58},[44,4781,1984],{"class":116},[44,4783,129],{"class":58},[20,4785,2576],{},[35,4787,4788],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4789,4790],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4791,4792],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4793,4482],{"class":1266},[20,4795,4796],{},"Here is one that fails:",[35,4798,4800],{"className":37,"code":4799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4801,4802,4824,4850,4854],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4803,4804,4806,4808,4810,4812,4814,4816,4818,4820,4822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4805,1551],{"class":50},[44,4807,55],{"class":54},[44,4809,1556],{"class":58},[44,4811,1588],{"class":95},[44,4813,83],{"class":58},[44,4815,908],{"class":54},[44,4817,2561],{"class":95},[44,4819,83],{"class":58},[44,4821,2955],{"class":95},[44,4823,1153],{"class":58},[44,4825,4826,4828,4830,4832,4834,4836,4838,4840,4842,4844,4846,4848],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4827,1953],{"class":50},[44,4829,55],{"class":54},[44,4831,4149],{"class":135},[44,4833,120],{"class":58},[44,4835,3531],{"class":116},[44,4837,4756],{"class":54},[44,4839,561],{"class":95},[44,4841,4379],{"class":1140},[44,4843,4382],{"class":116},[44,4845,4385],{"class":1140},[44,4847,4767],{"class":116},[44,4849,129],{"class":58},[44,4851,4852],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,4853,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,4855,4856,4858,4860,4862],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,4857,136],{"class":135},[44,4859,120],{"class":58},[44,4861,1984],{"class":116},[44,4863,129],{"class":58},[20,4865,2576],{},[35,4867,4868],{"className":37,"code":4543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4869,4870],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4871,4872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4873,4543],{"class":1266},[20,4875,4876,4877,4880,4881,4883,4884,2901,4886,113],{},"The expression ",[15,4878,4879],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4882,4112],{},", then ",[15,4885,4086],{},[15,4887,4112],{},[20,4889,4890],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4892,4893,4894,976,4898,113],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[625,4895,4897],{"href":4896},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[625,4899,4901],{"href":4900},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[30,4903,4905],{"id":4904},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4907,4908,2901,4910,113],{},[15,4909,4109],{},[15,4911,4112],{},[20,4913,4914],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4916,269],{},[35,4918,4920],{"className":37,"code":4919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4921,4922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4923,4924,4926,4928,4930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4925,136],{"class":135},[44,4927,120],{"class":58},[44,4929,4219],{"class":135},[44,4931,4932],{"class":58},"([]))\n",[20,4934,2576],{},[35,4936,4937],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4938,4939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4940,4941],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4942,4482],{"class":1266},[20,4944,4945],{},"Why?",[20,4947,4948],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4950,4951],{},"Think of it this way:",[252,4953,4954,4961,4964],{},[255,4955,4956,2901,4958,4960],{},[15,4957,4086],{},[15,4959,4178],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[255,4962,4963],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[255,4965,4966,4967],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4968,4178],{},[20,4970,4971],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4973,4974],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[35,4976,4978],{"className":37,"code":4977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4979,4980,4991],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4981,4982,4984,4986,4988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4983,136],{"class":135},[44,4985,120],{"class":58},[44,4987,4219],{"class":135},[44,4989,4990],{"class":58},"(()))\n",[44,4992,4993,4995,4997,4999,5001,5003],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4994,136],{"class":135},[44,4996,120],{"class":58},[44,4998,4219],{"class":135},[44,5000,120],{"class":58},[44,5002,4277],{"class":62},[44,5004,2239],{"class":58},[20,5006,2576],{},[35,5008,5010],{"className":37,"code":5009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\n",[15,5011,5012,5016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5013,5014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5015,4482],{"class":1266},[44,5017,5018],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5019,4482],{"class":1266},[30,5021,1526],{"id":1525},[981,5023,5025],{"id":5024},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,5027,5028],{},"This is wrong:",[35,5030,5032],{"className":37,"code":5031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,5033,5034,5039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5035,5036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5037,5038],{"class":147},"# Wrong\n",[44,5040,5041],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5042,5043],{"class":147},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,5045,5046,5048],{},[15,5047,4086],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,5050,5051],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[35,5053,5055],{"className":37,"code":5054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,5056,5057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5058,5059,5061,5063,5065,5067,5069,5071,5073,5075,5077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5060,136],{"class":135},[44,5062,120],{"class":58},[44,5064,4219],{"class":135},[44,5066,3492],{"class":58},[44,5068,1588],{"class":95},[44,5070,83],{"class":58},[44,5072,1717],{"class":95},[44,5074,83],{"class":58},[44,5076,2955],{"class":95},[44,5078,3505],{"class":58},[981,5080,5082,5083,5085],{"id":5081},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,5084,4086],{}," compares values automatically",[20,5087,5088],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[35,5090,5092],{"className":37,"code":5091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,5093,5094,5115],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5095,5096,5098,5100,5102,5104,5106,5109,5111,5113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5097,1551],{"class":50},[44,5099,55],{"class":54},[44,5101,1556],{"class":58},[44,5103,2643],{"class":95},[44,5105,83],{"class":58},[44,5107,5108],{"class":95}," 5",[44,5110,83],{"class":58},[44,5112,5108],{"class":95},[44,5114,1153],{"class":58},[44,5116,5117,5119,5121,5123,5125,5127],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5118,136],{"class":135},[44,5120,120],{"class":58},[44,5122,4219],{"class":135},[44,5124,120],{"class":58},[44,5126,1579],{"class":116},[44,5128,2239],{"class":58},[20,5130,5131,5132,5134],{},"This does ",[590,5133,592],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,5136,5137,5138,5140],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,5139,2643],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[35,5142,5143],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5144,5145],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5146,5147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5148,4482],{"class":1266},[20,5150,5151],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[35,5153,5155],{"className":37,"code":5154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,5156,5157,5177],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5158,5159,5161,5163,5165,5167,5169,5171,5173,5175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5160,1551],{"class":50},[44,5162,55],{"class":54},[44,5164,1556],{"class":58},[44,5166,2643],{"class":95},[44,5168,83],{"class":58},[44,5170,5108],{"class":95},[44,5172,83],{"class":58},[44,5174,5108],{"class":95},[44,5176,1153],{"class":58},[44,5178,5179,5181,5183,5185,5187,5189,5192,5194,5196,5198,5200,5202],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5180,136],{"class":135},[44,5182,120],{"class":58},[44,5184,4219],{"class":135},[44,5186,120],{"class":58},[44,5188,3531],{"class":116},[44,5190,5191],{"class":54},"==",[44,5193,5108],{"class":95},[44,5195,4379],{"class":1140},[44,5197,4382],{"class":116},[44,5199,4385],{"class":1140},[44,5201,4767],{"class":116},[44,5203,2239],{"class":58},[981,5205,1675,5207,5209],{"id":5206},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy",[15,5208,2626],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[35,5211,5213],{"className":37,"code":5212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,5214,5215,5241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5216,5217,5219,5221,5223,5225,5227,5229,5231,5233,5235,5238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5218,136],{"class":135},[44,5220,120],{"class":58},[44,5222,4219],{"class":135},[44,5224,3492],{"class":58},[44,5226,1588],{"class":95},[44,5228,83],{"class":58},[44,5230,1717],{"class":95},[44,5232,83],{"class":58},[44,5234,561],{"class":95},[44,5236,5237],{"class":58},"]))",[44,5239,5240],{"class":147},"       # False\n",[44,5242,5243,5245,5247,5249,5251,5253,5255,5257,5259,5261,5263,5265,5267,5269,5271],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5244,136],{"class":135},[44,5246,120],{"class":58},[44,5248,4219],{"class":135},[44,5250,3492],{"class":58},[44,5252,2197],{"class":62},[44,5254,625],{"class":66},[44,5256,2197],{"class":62},[44,5258,83],{"class":58},[44,5260,2232],{"class":62},[44,5262,639],{"class":66},[44,5264,2197],{"class":62},[44,5266,83],{"class":58},[44,5268,4342],{"class":62},[44,5270,5237],{"class":58},[44,5272,5273],{"class":147},"  # False\n",[20,5275,5276,5277,113],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,5278,4178],{},[981,5280,5282,5283,5285,5286],{"id":5281},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,5284,4109],{}," is ",[15,5287,4112],{},[20,5289,5290],{},"This is expected behavior:",[35,5292,5294],{"className":37,"code":5293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,5295,5296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5297,5298,5300,5302,5304,5307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5299,136],{"class":135},[44,5301,120],{"class":58},[44,5303,4219],{"class":135},[44,5305,5306],{"class":58},"([]))",[44,5308,4168],{"class":147},[20,5310,5311,5312,5314],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,5313,4112],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,5316,5317],{},"Useful quick tests:",[35,5319,5321],{"className":37,"code":5320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,5322,5323,5345,5367,5414,5450],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5324,5325,5327,5329,5331,5333,5335,5337,5339,5341,5343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5326,136],{"class":135},[44,5328,120],{"class":58},[44,5330,4219],{"class":135},[44,5332,3492],{"class":58},[44,5334,1588],{"class":95},[44,5336,83],{"class":58},[44,5338,1717],{"class":95},[44,5340,83],{"class":58},[44,5342,2955],{"class":95},[44,5344,3505],{"class":58},[44,5346,5347,5349,5351,5353,5355,5357,5359,5361,5363,5365],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5348,136],{"class":135},[44,5350,120],{"class":58},[44,5352,4219],{"class":135},[44,5354,3492],{"class":58},[44,5356,1588],{"class":95},[44,5358,83],{"class":58},[44,5360,561],{"class":95},[44,5362,83],{"class":58},[44,5364,2955],{"class":95},[44,5366,3505],{"class":58},[44,5368,5369,5371,5373,5375,5377,5379,5381,5383,5385,5387,5389,5391,5393,5395,5397,5399,5401,5403,5405,5407,5409,5411],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,5370,136],{"class":135},[44,5372,3492],{"class":58},[44,5374,4370],{"class":2248},[44,5376,120],{"class":58},[44,5378,1696],{"class":116},[44,5380,144],{"class":58},[44,5382,4379],{"class":1140},[44,5384,4382],{"class":116},[44,5386,4385],{"class":1140},[44,5388,1556],{"class":58},[44,5390,1588],{"class":95},[44,5392,83],{"class":58},[44,5394,561],{"class":95},[44,5396,83],{"class":58},[44,5398,4342],{"class":62},[44,5400,83],{"class":58},[44,5402,2232],{"class":62},[44,5404,4349],{"class":66},[44,5406,2197],{"class":62},[44,5408,83],{"class":58},[44,5410,1267],{"class":1266},[44,5412,5413],{"class":58},"]])\n",[44,5415,5416,5418,5420,5422,5424,5426,5428,5430,5432,5434,5436,5438,5440,5442,5444,5446,5448],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,5417,136],{"class":135},[44,5419,120],{"class":58},[44,5421,4219],{"class":135},[44,5423,120],{"class":58},[44,5425,3531],{"class":116},[44,5427,4756],{"class":54},[44,5429,561],{"class":95},[44,5431,4379],{"class":1140},[44,5433,4382],{"class":116},[44,5435,4385],{"class":1140},[44,5437,1556],{"class":58},[44,5439,1588],{"class":95},[44,5441,83],{"class":58},[44,5443,1717],{"class":95},[44,5445,83],{"class":58},[44,5447,2955],{"class":95},[44,5449,3505],{"class":58},[44,5451,5452,5454,5456,5458],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,5453,136],{"class":135},[44,5455,120],{"class":58},[44,5457,4219],{"class":135},[44,5459,4932],{"class":58},[30,5461,769,5463],{"id":5462},"when-to-use-all",[15,5464,4086],{},[20,5466,5467,5469],{},[15,5468,4086],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5471,5472],{},"Common use cases:",[252,5474,5475,5478,5481],{},[255,5476,5477],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[255,5479,5480],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[255,5482,5483],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5485,5486],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[35,5488,5490],{"className":37,"code":5489,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5491,5492,5528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5493,5494,5497,5499,5501,5503,5506,5508,5510,5512,5515,5517,5519,5521,5524,5526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5495,5496],{"class":50},"names ",[44,5498,55],{"class":54},[44,5500,1556],{"class":58},[44,5502,2197],{"class":62},[44,5504,5505],{"class":66},"Alice",[44,5507,2197],{"class":62},[44,5509,83],{"class":58},[44,5511,2232],{"class":62},[44,5513,5514],{"class":66},"Bob",[44,5516,2197],{"class":62},[44,5518,83],{"class":58},[44,5520,2232],{"class":62},[44,5522,5523],{"class":66},"Charlie",[44,5525,2197],{"class":62},[44,5527,1153],{"class":58},[44,5529,5530,5532,5534,5536,5538,5541],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5531,136],{"class":135},[44,5533,120],{"class":58},[44,5535,4219],{"class":135},[44,5537,120],{"class":58},[44,5539,5540],{"class":116},"names",[44,5542,2239],{"class":58},[20,5544,2576],{},[35,5546,5547],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5548,5549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5550,5551],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5552,4482],{"class":1266},[20,5554,5555],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[35,5557,5559],{"className":37,"code":5558,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5560,5561,5584],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5562,5563,5565,5567,5569,5572,5574,5577,5579,5582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5564,472],{"class":50},[44,5566,55],{"class":54},[44,5568,1556],{"class":58},[44,5570,5571],{"class":95},"75",[44,5573,83],{"class":58},[44,5575,5576],{"class":95}," 80",[44,5578,83],{"class":58},[44,5580,5581],{"class":95}," 50",[44,5583,1153],{"class":58},[44,5585,5586,5588,5590,5592,5594,5597,5600,5602,5604,5607,5609,5612],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5587,136],{"class":135},[44,5589,120],{"class":58},[44,5591,4219],{"class":135},[44,5593,120],{"class":58},[44,5595,5596],{"class":116},"score ",[44,5598,5599],{"class":54},">=",[44,5601,5581],{"class":95},[44,5603,4379],{"class":1140},[44,5605,5606],{"class":116}," score ",[44,5608,4385],{"class":1140},[44,5610,5611],{"class":116}," scores",[44,5613,2239],{"class":58},[20,5615,2576],{},[35,5617,5618],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5619,5620],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5621,5622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5623,4482],{"class":1266},[20,5625,5626],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5628,5629,5630,976,5634,113],{},"For related tasks, see ",[625,5631,5633],{"href":5632},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[625,5635,5637],{"href":5636},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[30,5639,2301],{"id":2300},[981,5641,5643,5644,5646],{"id":5642},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5645,4086],{}," return in Python?",[20,5648,5649,5650,5652,5653,5655],{},"It returns ",[15,5651,4112],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5654,4178],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[981,5657,5659,5660,5662,5663,2363],{"id":5658},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5661,4109],{}," return ",[15,5664,4112],{},[20,5666,5667],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[981,5669,5671,5672,5674],{"id":5670},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5673,4086],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5676,5677],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[981,5679,2358,5681,976,5683,2363],{"id":5680},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,5682,4086],{},[15,5684,5685],{},"any()",[20,5687,5688,5690,5691,5693,5694,113],{},[15,5689,4086],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5692,5685],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[625,5695,4083,5697,4016],{"href":5696},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5698,5685],{},[30,5700,2375],{"id":2374},[252,5702,5703,5709,5713,5718,5723,5728],{},[255,5704,5705],{},[625,5706,4083,5707,4016],{"href":5696},[15,5708,5685],{},[255,5710,5711],{},[625,5712,4311],{"href":4310},[255,5714,5715],{},[625,5716,5717],{"href":5636},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[255,5719,5720],{},[625,5721,5722],{"href":5632},"How to filter a list in Python",[255,5724,5725],{},[625,5726,5727],{"href":4896},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[255,5729,5730],{},[625,5731,5732],{"href":4900},"What is an iterable in Python",[2414,5734,5735],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":5737},[5738,5739,5741,5742,5747,5749,5750,5759,5761,5771],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":4181,"depth":102,"text":5740},"What all() does",{"id":4232,"depth":102,"text":4233},{"id":4433,"depth":102,"text":4434,"children":5743},[5744,5745,5746],{"id":4437,"depth":132,"text":4438},{"id":4498,"depth":132,"text":4499},{"id":4562,"depth":132,"text":4563},{"id":4701,"depth":102,"text":5748},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4904,"depth":102,"text":4905},{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526,"children":5751},[5752,5753,5755,5757],{"id":5024,"depth":132,"text":5025},{"id":5081,"depth":132,"text":5754},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":5206,"depth":132,"text":5756},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5281,"depth":132,"text":5758},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5462,"depth":102,"text":5760},"When to use all()",{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":5762},[5763,5765,5767,5769],{"id":5642,"depth":132,"text":5764},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5658,"depth":132,"text":5766},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5670,"depth":132,"text":5768},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5680,"depth":132,"text":5770},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":4077,"description":5772},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5779,"title":5780,"body":5781,"description":7465,"extension":2465,"meta":7466,"navigation":169,"path":5696,"seo":7467,"stem":7468,"__hash__":7469},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5782,"toc":7443},[5783,5786,5794,5797,5814,5822,5865,5874,5878,5883,5886,5903,5906,5917,5929,5933,5936,5951,5956,5959,5971,5974,6058,6061,6082,6088,6090,6098,6112,6114,6148,6150,6153,6214,6216,6233,6236,6263,6265,6273,6285,6289,6292,6331,6333,6341,6343,6359,6367,6370,6413,6415,6423,6428,6432,6440,6443,6470,6473,6476,6549,6551,6559,6566,6590,6601,6604,6683,6685,6693,6700,6704,6709,6724,6726,6734,6737,6743,6746,6792,6794,6811,6815,6820,6831,6834,6945,6948,7007,7013,7015,7020,7024,7026,7045,7051,7054,7073,7077,7085,7112,7114,7122,7129,7133,7139,7162,7164,7172,7179,7183,7186,7237,7240,7291,7294,7296,7300,7307,7311,7318,7322,7330,7334,7337,7359,7361,7411,7413,7440],[10,5784,5780],{"id":5785},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5787,5788,5790,5791,113],{},[15,5789,5685],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[590,5792,5793],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5795,5796],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[252,5798,5799,5802,5805,5808,5811],{},[255,5800,5801],{},"lists",[255,5803,5804],{},"tuples",[255,5806,5807],{},"sets",[255,5809,5810],{},"strings",[255,5812,5813],{},"generator expressions",[20,5815,5816,5817,3384,5819,5821],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5818,4112],{},[15,5820,4178],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[35,5823,5825],{"className":37,"code":5824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5826,5827,5847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5828,5829,5831,5833,5835,5837,5839,5841,5843,5845],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5830,4327],{"class":50},[44,5832,55],{"class":54},[44,5834,1556],{"class":58},[44,5836,2626],{"class":95},[44,5838,83],{"class":58},[44,5840,4342],{"class":62},[44,5842,83],{"class":58},[44,5844,5108],{"class":95},[44,5846,1153],{"class":58},[44,5848,5849,5851,5853,5856,5858,5861,5863],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5850,136],{"class":135},[44,5852,120],{"class":58},[44,5854,5855],{"class":135},"any",[44,5857,120],{"class":58},[44,5859,5860],{"class":116},"values",[44,5862,532],{"class":58},[44,5864,4168],{"class":147},[20,5866,227,5867,5870,5871,5873],{},[15,5868,5869],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5872,4112],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[30,5875,5877],{"id":5876},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5879,5880,5882],{},[15,5881,5685],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5884,5885],{},"It returns:",[252,5887,5888,5893,5898],{},[255,5889,5890,5892],{},[15,5891,4112],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[255,5894,5895,5897],{},[15,5896,4178],{}," if all items are falsy",[255,5899,5900,5902],{},[15,5901,4178],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5904,5905],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[252,5907,5908,5911,5914],{},[255,5909,5910],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[255,5912,5913],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[255,5915,5916],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5918,5919,5920,5923,5924,113],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[590,5921,5922],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[625,5925,5927],{"href":5926},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5928,4086],{},[30,5930,5932],{"id":5931},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5934,5935],{},"The syntax is simple:",[35,5937,5939],{"className":37,"code":5938,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5940,5941],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5942,5943,5945,5947,5949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5944,5855],{"class":135},[44,5946,120],{"class":58},[44,5948,4224],{"class":116},[44,5950,129],{"class":58},[20,5952,5953,5954,113],{},"The argument must be an ",[590,5955,4224],{},[20,5957,5958],{},"Common inputs include:",[252,5960,5961,5963,5965,5967,5969],{},[255,5962,5801],{},[255,5964,5804],{},[255,5966,5807],{},[255,5968,5810],{},[255,5970,5813],{},[20,5972,5973],{},"For example:",[35,5975,5977],{"className":37,"code":5976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5978,5979,6001,6020,6040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5980,5981,5983,5985,5987,5989,5991,5993,5995,5997,5999],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5982,136],{"class":135},[44,5984,120],{"class":58},[44,5986,5855],{"class":135},[44,5988,3492],{"class":58},[44,5990,2626],{"class":95},[44,5992,83],{"class":58},[44,5994,561],{"class":95},[44,5996,83],{"class":58},[44,5998,1703],{"class":95},[44,6000,3505],{"class":58},[44,6002,6003,6005,6007,6009,6012,6014,6016,6018],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6004,136],{"class":135},[44,6006,120],{"class":58},[44,6008,5855],{"class":135},[44,6010,6011],{"class":58},"((",[44,6013,4178],{"class":1266},[44,6015,83],{"class":58},[44,6017,4409],{"class":1266},[44,6019,3418],{"class":58},[44,6021,6022,6024,6026,6028,6031,6033,6035,6037],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,6023,136],{"class":135},[44,6025,120],{"class":58},[44,6027,5855],{"class":135},[44,6029,6030],{"class":58},"({",[44,6032,2626],{"class":95},[44,6034,83],{"class":58},[44,6036,1717],{"class":95},[44,6038,6039],{"class":58},"}))\n",[44,6041,6042,6044,6046,6048,6050,6052,6054,6056],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,6043,136],{"class":135},[44,6045,120],{"class":58},[44,6047,5855],{"class":135},[44,6049,120],{"class":58},[44,6051,63],{"class":62},[44,6053,4349],{"class":66},[44,6055,63],{"class":62},[44,6057,2239],{"class":58},[20,6059,6060],{},"Expected output:",[35,6062,6064],{"className":37,"code":6063,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6065,6066,6070,6074,6078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6067,6068],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6069,4482],{"class":1266},[44,6071,6072],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6073,4543],{"class":1266},[44,6075,6076],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,6077,4482],{"class":1266},[44,6079,6080],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,6081,4482],{"class":1266},[20,6083,6084,6085,113],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[625,6086,5637],{"href":6087},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[30,6089,4233],{"id":4232},[20,6091,4236,6092,3384,6095,4241],{},[590,6093,6094],{},"truthy",[590,6096,6097],{},"falsy",[252,6099,6100,6106],{},[255,6101,6102,4249,6104],{},[590,6103,4248],{},[15,6105,4112],{},[255,6107,6108,4249,6110],{},[590,6109,4256],{},[15,6111,4178],{},[20,6113,4261],{},[252,6115,6116,6120,6124,6128,6132,6136,6140,6144],{},[255,6117,6118],{},[15,6119,4178],{},[255,6121,6122],{},[15,6123,2626],{},[255,6125,6126],{},[15,6127,4272],{},[255,6129,6130],{},[15,6131,4277],{},[255,6133,6134],{},[15,6135,4291],{},[255,6137,6138],{},[15,6139,4296],{},[255,6141,6142],{},[15,6143,4301],{},[255,6145,6146],{},[15,6147,4282],{},[20,6149,4304],{},[20,6151,6152],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[35,6154,6156],{"className":37,"code":6155,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,6157,6158,6172,6190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6159,6160,6162,6164,6166,6168,6170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6161,136],{"class":135},[44,6163,120],{"class":58},[44,6165,5855],{"class":135},[44,6167,3492],{"class":58},[44,6169,1588],{"class":95},[44,6171,3505],{"class":58},[44,6173,6174,6176,6178,6180,6182,6184,6186,6188],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6175,136],{"class":135},[44,6177,120],{"class":58},[44,6179,5855],{"class":135},[44,6181,3492],{"class":58},[44,6183,2197],{"class":62},[44,6185,4349],{"class":66},[44,6187,2197],{"class":62},[44,6189,3505],{"class":58},[44,6191,6192,6194,6196,6198,6201,6203,6205,6207,6209,6211],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,6193,136],{"class":135},[44,6195,120],{"class":58},[44,6197,5855],{"class":135},[44,6199,6200],{"class":58},"([[",[44,6202,1588],{"class":95},[44,6204,83],{"class":58},[44,6206,1717],{"class":95},[44,6208,83],{"class":58},[44,6210,2955],{"class":95},[44,6212,6213],{"class":58},"]]))\n",[20,6215,6060],{},[35,6217,6219],{"className":37,"code":6218,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6220,6221,6225,6229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6222,6223],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6224,4482],{"class":1266},[44,6226,6227],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6228,4482],{"class":1266},[44,6230,6231],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,6232,4482],{"class":1266},[20,6234,6235],{},"And these are all falsy:",[35,6237,6239],{"className":37,"code":6238,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,6240,6241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6242,6243,6245,6247,6249,6251,6253,6255,6257,6259,6261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6244,136],{"class":135},[44,6246,120],{"class":58},[44,6248,5855],{"class":135},[44,6250,3492],{"class":58},[44,6252,2626],{"class":95},[44,6254,83],{"class":58},[44,6256,4342],{"class":62},[44,6258,83],{"class":58},[44,6260,1267],{"class":1266},[44,6262,3505],{"class":58},[20,6264,6060],{},[35,6266,6267],{"className":37,"code":4543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6268,6269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6270,6271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6272,4543],{"class":1266},[20,6274,6275,6276,976,6279,113],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[625,6277,4311],{"href":6278},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[625,6280,6282,6284],{"href":6281},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,6283,4317],{}," explained",[30,6286,6288],{"id":6287},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,6290,6291],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[35,6293,6295],{"className":37,"code":6294,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6296,6297,6317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6298,6299,6301,6303,6305,6307,6309,6311,6313,6315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6300,4327],{"class":50},[44,6302,55],{"class":54},[44,6304,1556],{"class":58},[44,6306,2626],{"class":95},[44,6308,83],{"class":58},[44,6310,4342],{"class":62},[44,6312,83],{"class":58},[44,6314,5108],{"class":95},[44,6316,1153],{"class":58},[44,6318,6319,6321,6323,6325,6327,6329],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6320,136],{"class":135},[44,6322,120],{"class":58},[44,6324,5855],{"class":135},[44,6326,120],{"class":58},[44,6328,5860],{"class":116},[44,6330,2239],{"class":58},[20,6332,2576],{},[35,6334,6335],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6336,6337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6338,6339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6340,4482],{"class":1266},[20,6342,4945],{},[252,6344,6345,6350,6354],{},[255,6346,6347,6349],{},[15,6348,2626],{}," is falsy",[255,6351,6352,6349],{},[15,6353,4277],{},[255,6355,6356,6358],{},[15,6357,2643],{}," is truthy",[20,6360,6361,6362,2901,6365,113],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6363,6364],{},"any(values)",[15,6366,4112],{},[20,6368,6369],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[35,6371,6373],{"className":37,"code":6372,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6374,6375,6399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6376,6377,6379,6381,6383,6385,6387,6389,6391,6393,6395,6397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6378,4327],{"class":50},[44,6380,55],{"class":54},[44,6382,1556],{"class":58},[44,6384,2626],{"class":95},[44,6386,83],{"class":58},[44,6388,4342],{"class":62},[44,6390,83],{"class":58},[44,6392,1267],{"class":1266},[44,6394,83],{"class":58},[44,6396,4409],{"class":1266},[44,6398,1153],{"class":58},[44,6400,6401,6403,6405,6407,6409,6411],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6402,136],{"class":135},[44,6404,120],{"class":58},[44,6406,5855],{"class":135},[44,6408,120],{"class":58},[44,6410,5860],{"class":116},[44,6412,2239],{"class":58},[20,6414,2576],{},[35,6416,6417],{"className":37,"code":4543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6418,6419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6420,6421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6422,4543],{"class":1266},[20,6424,6425,6426,113],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6427,4178],{},[30,6429,6431],{"id":6430},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6433,6434,6436,6437,113],{},[15,6435,5685],{}," is often used with a ",[590,6438,6439],{},"generator expression",[20,6441,6442],{},"This is a common pattern:",[35,6444,6446],{"className":37,"code":6445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6447,6448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6449,6450,6452,6454,6457,6460,6463,6465,6468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6451,5855],{"class":135},[44,6453,120],{"class":58},[44,6455,6456],{"class":116},"condition ",[44,6458,6459],{"class":1140},"for",[44,6461,6462],{"class":116}," item ",[44,6464,4385],{"class":1140},[44,6466,6467],{"class":116}," items",[44,6469,129],{"class":58},[20,6471,6472],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6474,6475],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[35,6477,6479],{"className":37,"code":6478,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6480,6481,6508,6512,6539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6482,6483,6485,6487,6489,6491,6493,6496,6498,6500,6502,6504,6506],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6484,1551],{"class":50},[44,6486,55],{"class":54},[44,6488,1556],{"class":58},[44,6490,3008],{"class":95},[44,6492,83],{"class":58},[44,6494,6495],{"class":95}," 7",[44,6497,83],{"class":58},[44,6499,908],{"class":54},[44,6501,2561],{"class":95},[44,6503,83],{"class":58},[44,6505,632],{"class":95},[44,6507,1153],{"class":58},[44,6509,6510],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6511,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,6513,6514,6516,6518,6521,6523,6525,6527,6529,6531,6533,6535,6537],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,6515,1953],{"class":50},[44,6517,55],{"class":54},[44,6519,6520],{"class":135}," any",[44,6522,120],{"class":58},[44,6524,3531],{"class":116},[44,6526,3797],{"class":54},[44,6528,561],{"class":95},[44,6530,4379],{"class":1140},[44,6532,4382],{"class":116},[44,6534,4385],{"class":1140},[44,6536,4767],{"class":116},[44,6538,129],{"class":58},[44,6540,6541,6543,6545,6547],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,6542,136],{"class":135},[44,6544,120],{"class":58},[44,6546,1984],{"class":116},[44,6548,129],{"class":58},[20,6550,2576],{},[35,6552,6553],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6554,6555],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6556,6557],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6558,4482],{"class":1266},[20,6560,6561,6562,6565],{},"This works because ",[15,6563,6564],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[252,6567,6568,6576,6583],{},[255,6569,6570,6573,6574],{},[15,6571,6572],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6575,4178],{},[255,6577,6578,6573,6581],{},[15,6579,6580],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6582,4178],{},[255,6584,6585,6573,6588],{},[15,6586,6587],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6589,4112],{},[20,6591,6592,6593,6595,6596,6598,6599,113],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6594,4112],{}," result, ",[15,6597,5685],{}," can return ",[15,6600,4112],{},[20,6602,6603],{},"Here is another example:",[35,6605,6607],{"className":37,"code":6606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6608,6609,6638,6642,6672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6610,6611,6613,6615,6617,6619,6621,6623,6625,6628,6630,6632,6634,6636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6612,4573],{"class":50},[44,6614,55],{"class":54},[44,6616,1556],{"class":58},[44,6618,63],{"class":62},[44,6620,4582],{"class":66},[44,6622,63],{"class":62},[44,6624,83],{"class":58},[44,6626,6627],{"class":62}," \"\"",[44,6629,83],{"class":58},[44,6631,75],{"class":62},[44,6633,4591],{"class":66},[44,6635,63],{"class":62},[44,6637,1153],{"class":58},[44,6639,6640],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6641,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,6643,6644,6647,6649,6651,6653,6656,6658,6660,6662,6665,6667,6670],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,6645,6646],{"class":50},"has_empty_string ",[44,6648,55],{"class":54},[44,6650,6520],{"class":135},[44,6652,120],{"class":58},[44,6654,6655],{"class":116},"word ",[44,6657,5191],{"class":54},[44,6659,6627],{"class":62},[44,6661,4379],{"class":1140},[44,6663,6664],{"class":116}," word ",[44,6666,4385],{"class":1140},[44,6668,6669],{"class":116}," words",[44,6671,129],{"class":58},[44,6673,6674,6676,6678,6681],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,6675,136],{"class":135},[44,6677,120],{"class":58},[44,6679,6680],{"class":116},"has_empty_string",[44,6682,129],{"class":58},[20,6684,2576],{},[35,6686,6687],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6688,6689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6690,6691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6692,4482],{"class":1266},[20,6694,6695,6696,113],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[625,6697,6699],{"href":6698},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[30,6701,6703],{"id":6702},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6705,6706,6707,72],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6708,4178],{},[35,6710,6712],{"className":37,"code":6711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6713,6714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6715,6716,6718,6720,6722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6717,136],{"class":135},[44,6719,120],{"class":58},[44,6721,5855],{"class":135},[44,6723,4932],{"class":58},[20,6725,2576],{},[35,6727,6728],{"className":37,"code":4543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6729,6730],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6731,6732],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6733,4543],{"class":1266},[20,6735,6736],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6738,6739,6740,6742],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6741,5685],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6744,6745],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[35,6747,6749],{"className":37,"code":6748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6750,6751,6761,6776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6752,6753,6755,6757,6759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6754,136],{"class":135},[44,6756,120],{"class":58},[44,6758,5855],{"class":135},[44,6760,4990],{"class":58},[44,6762,6763,6765,6767,6769,6771,6774],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6764,136],{"class":135},[44,6766,120],{"class":58},[44,6768,5855],{"class":135},[44,6770,120],{"class":58},[44,6772,6773],{"class":62},"\"\"",[44,6775,2239],{"class":58},[44,6777,6778,6780,6782,6784,6786,6789],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,6779,136],{"class":135},[44,6781,120],{"class":58},[44,6783,5855],{"class":135},[44,6785,120],{"class":58},[44,6787,6788],{"class":2248},"set",[44,6790,6791],{"class":58},"()))\n",[20,6793,2576],{},[35,6795,6797],{"className":37,"code":6796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6798,6799,6803,6807],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6800,6801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6802,4543],{"class":1266},[44,6804,6805],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6806,4543],{"class":1266},[44,6808,6809],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,6810,4543],{"class":1266},[30,6812,6814],{"id":6813},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6816,227,6817,6819],{},[15,6818,5685],{}," when you want to:",[252,6821,6822,6825,6828],{},[255,6823,6824],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[255,6826,6827],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[255,6829,6830],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6832,6833],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[35,6835,6837],{"className":37,"code":6836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6838,6839,6864,6868,6878,6882,6895,6914,6924,6929,6933],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6840,6841,6843,6845,6847,6849,6851,6853,6855,6857,6859,6862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6842,1551],{"class":50},[44,6844,55],{"class":54},[44,6846,1556],{"class":58},[44,6848,1588],{"class":95},[44,6850,83],{"class":58},[44,6852,2955],{"class":95},[44,6854,83],{"class":58},[44,6856,5108],{"class":95},[44,6858,83],{"class":58},[44,6860,6861],{"class":95}," 8",[44,6863,1153],{"class":58},[44,6865,6866],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6867,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,6869,6870,6873,6875],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,6871,6872],{"class":50},"found_even ",[44,6874,55],{"class":54},[44,6876,6877],{"class":1266}," False\n",[44,6879,6880],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,6881,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,6883,6884,6886,6889,6891,6893],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,6885,6459],{"class":1140},[44,6887,6888],{"class":50}," number ",[44,6890,4385],{"class":1140},[44,6892,4767],{"class":50},[44,6894,1359],{"class":58},[44,6896,6897,6900,6902,6905,6907,6910,6912],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,6898,6899],{"class":1140},"    if",[44,6901,6888],{"class":50},[44,6903,6904],{"class":54},"%",[44,6906,1717],{"class":95},[44,6908,6909],{"class":54}," ==",[44,6911,561],{"class":95},[44,6913,1359],{"class":58},[44,6915,6916,6919,6921],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,6917,6918],{"class":50},"        found_even ",[44,6920,55],{"class":54},[44,6922,6923],{"class":1266}," True\n",[44,6925,6926],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,6927,6928],{"class":1140},"        break\n",[44,6930,6931],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,6932,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,6934,6936,6938,6940,6943],{"class":46,"line":6935},10,[44,6937,136],{"class":135},[44,6939,120],{"class":58},[44,6941,6942],{"class":116},"found_even",[44,6944,129],{"class":58},[20,6946,6947],{},"You can write:",[35,6949,6951],{"className":37,"code":6950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6952,6953,6977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6954,6955,6957,6959,6961,6963,6965,6967,6969,6971,6973,6975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6956,1551],{"class":50},[44,6958,55],{"class":54},[44,6960,1556],{"class":58},[44,6962,1588],{"class":95},[44,6964,83],{"class":58},[44,6966,2955],{"class":95},[44,6968,83],{"class":58},[44,6970,5108],{"class":95},[44,6972,83],{"class":58},[44,6974,6861],{"class":95},[44,6976,1153],{"class":58},[44,6978,6979,6981,6983,6985,6987,6989,6991,6993,6995,6997,6999,7001,7003,7005],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6980,136],{"class":135},[44,6982,120],{"class":58},[44,6984,5855],{"class":135},[44,6986,120],{"class":58},[44,6988,2723],{"class":116},[44,6990,6904],{"class":54},[44,6992,1717],{"class":95},[44,6994,6909],{"class":54},[44,6996,561],{"class":95},[44,6998,4379],{"class":1140},[44,7000,6888],{"class":116},[44,7002,4385],{"class":1140},[44,7004,4767],{"class":116},[44,7006,2239],{"class":58},[20,7008,7009,7010,7012],{},"Both work, but ",[15,7011,5685],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[30,7014,1526],{"id":1525},[20,7016,7017,7018,113],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,7019,5685],{},[981,7021,7023],{"id":7022},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,7025,5028],{},[35,7027,7029],{"className":37,"code":7028,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any(5))\n",[15,7030,7031],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7032,7033,7035,7037,7039,7041,7043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7034,136],{"class":135},[44,7036,120],{"class":58},[44,7038,5855],{"class":135},[44,7040,120],{"class":58},[44,7042,2643],{"class":95},[44,7044,2239],{"class":58},[20,7046,7047,7048,7050],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,7049,2643],{}," is not iterable.",[20,7052,7053],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[35,7055,7057],{"className":37,"code":7056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,7058,7059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7060,7061,7063,7065,7067,7069,7071],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7062,136],{"class":135},[44,7064,120],{"class":58},[44,7066,5855],{"class":135},[44,7068,3492],{"class":58},[44,7070,2643],{"class":95},[44,7072,3505],{"class":58},[981,7074,7076],{"id":7075},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,7078,7079,7081,7082,7084],{},[15,7080,5685],{}," needs only ",[590,7083,2069],{}," truthy item.",[35,7086,7088],{"className":37,"code":7087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,7089,7090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7091,7092,7094,7096,7098,7100,7102,7104,7106,7108,7110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7093,136],{"class":135},[44,7095,120],{"class":58},[44,7097,5855],{"class":135},[44,7099,3492],{"class":58},[44,7101,4178],{"class":1266},[44,7103,83],{"class":58},[44,7105,4409],{"class":1266},[44,7107,83],{"class":58},[44,7109,4418],{"class":1266},[44,7111,3505],{"class":58},[20,7113,2576],{},[35,7115,7116],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7117,7118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7119,7120],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7121,4482],{"class":1266},[20,7123,7124,7125,765],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[625,7126,7127],{"href":5926},[15,7128,4086],{},[981,7130,7132],{"id":7131},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,7134,7135,7136,113],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,7137,7138],{},"\"True\"",[35,7140,7142],{"className":37,"code":7141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,7143,7144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7145,7146,7148,7150,7152,7154,7156,7158,7160],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7147,136],{"class":135},[44,7149,120],{"class":58},[44,7151,5855],{"class":135},[44,7153,3492],{"class":58},[44,7155,63],{"class":62},[44,7157,4178],{"class":66},[44,7159,63],{"class":62},[44,7161,3505],{"class":58},[20,7163,2576],{},[35,7165,7166],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7167,7168],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7169,7170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7171,4482],{"class":1266},[20,7173,7174,7175,7178],{},"That is because ",[15,7176,7177],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[981,7180,7182],{"id":7181},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,7184,7185],{},"This works:",[35,7187,7189],{"className":37,"code":7188,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,7190,7191,7211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7192,7193,7195,7197,7199,7201,7203,7205,7207,7209],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7194,1551],{"class":50},[44,7196,55],{"class":54},[44,7198,1556],{"class":58},[44,7200,1588],{"class":95},[44,7202,83],{"class":58},[44,7204,1717],{"class":95},[44,7206,83],{"class":58},[44,7208,2955],{"class":95},[44,7210,1153],{"class":58},[44,7212,7213,7215,7217,7219,7221,7223,7225,7227,7229,7231,7233,7235],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7214,136],{"class":135},[44,7216,120],{"class":58},[44,7218,5855],{"class":135},[44,7220,3492],{"class":58},[44,7222,3531],{"class":116},[44,7224,4756],{"class":54},[44,7226,1717],{"class":95},[44,7228,4379],{"class":1140},[44,7230,4382],{"class":116},[44,7232,4385],{"class":1140},[44,7234,4767],{"class":116},[44,7236,3505],{"class":58},[20,7238,7239],{},"But this is usually better:",[35,7241,7243],{"className":37,"code":7242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,7244,7245,7265],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7246,7247,7249,7251,7253,7255,7257,7259,7261,7263],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7248,1551],{"class":50},[44,7250,55],{"class":54},[44,7252,1556],{"class":58},[44,7254,1588],{"class":95},[44,7256,83],{"class":58},[44,7258,1717],{"class":95},[44,7260,83],{"class":58},[44,7262,2955],{"class":95},[44,7264,1153],{"class":58},[44,7266,7267,7269,7271,7273,7275,7277,7279,7281,7283,7285,7287,7289],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7268,136],{"class":135},[44,7270,120],{"class":58},[44,7272,5855],{"class":135},[44,7274,120],{"class":58},[44,7276,3531],{"class":116},[44,7278,4756],{"class":54},[44,7280,1717],{"class":95},[44,7282,4379],{"class":1140},[44,7284,4382],{"class":116},[44,7286,4385],{"class":1140},[44,7288,4767],{"class":116},[44,7290,2239],{"class":58},[20,7292,7293],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[30,7295,2301],{"id":2300},[981,7297,7299],{"id":7298},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,7301,5649,7302,7304,7305,113],{},[15,7303,4112],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,7306,4178],{},[981,7308,7310],{"id":7309},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,7312,7313,2901,7315,7317],{},[15,7314,5685],{},[15,7316,4178],{}," for an empty iterable.",[981,7319,7321],{"id":7320},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,7323,7324,7326,7327,7329],{},[15,7325,5685],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,7328,4086],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[981,7331,7333],{"id":7332},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,7335,7336],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[35,7338,7339],{"className":37,"code":6445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7340,7341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7342,7343,7345,7347,7349,7351,7353,7355,7357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7344,5855],{"class":135},[44,7346,120],{"class":58},[44,7348,6456],{"class":116},[44,7350,6459],{"class":1140},[44,7352,6462],{"class":116},[44,7354,4385],{"class":1140},[44,7356,6467],{"class":116},[44,7358,129],{"class":58},[20,7360,5973],{},[35,7362,7363],{"className":37,"code":7242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7364,7365,7385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7366,7367,7369,7371,7373,7375,7377,7379,7381,7383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7368,1551],{"class":50},[44,7370,55],{"class":54},[44,7372,1556],{"class":58},[44,7374,1588],{"class":95},[44,7376,83],{"class":58},[44,7378,1717],{"class":95},[44,7380,83],{"class":58},[44,7382,2955],{"class":95},[44,7384,1153],{"class":58},[44,7386,7387,7389,7391,7393,7395,7397,7399,7401,7403,7405,7407,7409],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7388,136],{"class":135},[44,7390,120],{"class":58},[44,7392,5855],{"class":135},[44,7394,120],{"class":58},[44,7396,3531],{"class":116},[44,7398,4756],{"class":54},[44,7400,1717],{"class":95},[44,7402,4379],{"class":1140},[44,7404,4382],{"class":116},[44,7406,4385],{"class":1140},[44,7408,4767],{"class":116},[44,7410,2239],{"class":58},[30,7412,2375],{"id":2374},[252,7414,7415,7421,7425,7429,7434],{},[255,7416,7417],{},[625,7418,7419,4016],{"href":5926},[15,7420,4086],{},[255,7422,7423],{},[625,7424,4311],{"href":6278},[255,7426,7427],{},[625,7428,5717],{"href":6087},[255,7430,7431],{},[625,7432,7433],{"href":6698},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[255,7435,7436],{},[625,7437,7438,4016],{"href":6281},[15,7439,4317],{},[2414,7441,7442],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":7444},[7445,7446,7447,7448,7449,7450,7451,7452,7458,7464],{"id":5876,"depth":102,"text":5877},{"id":5931,"depth":102,"text":5932},{"id":4232,"depth":102,"text":4233},{"id":6287,"depth":102,"text":6288},{"id":6430,"depth":102,"text":6431},{"id":6702,"depth":102,"text":6703},{"id":6813,"depth":102,"text":6814},{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526,"children":7453},[7454,7455,7456,7457],{"id":7022,"depth":132,"text":7023},{"id":7075,"depth":132,"text":7076},{"id":7131,"depth":132,"text":7132},{"id":7181,"depth":132,"text":7182},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":7459},[7460,7461,7462,7463],{"id":7298,"depth":132,"text":7299},{"id":7309,"depth":132,"text":7310},{"id":7320,"depth":132,"text":7321},{"id":7332,"depth":132,"text":7333},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5780,"description":7465},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7471,"title":7472,"body":7473,"description":9597,"extension":2465,"meta":9598,"navigation":169,"path":9599,"seo":9600,"stem":9601,"__hash__":9602},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7474,"toc":9560},[7475,7478,7487,7496,7498,7595,7597,7626,7642,7646,7651,7654,7664,7670,7676,7691,7693,7701,7708,7712,7715,7730,7735,7753,7758,7760,7808,7810,7827,7831,7837,7840,7875,7877,7983,7985,8022,8026,8034,8036,8056,8058,8178,8180,8209,8212,8235,8237,8245,8253,8257,8263,8267,8308,8310,8318,8321,8349,8351,8359,8363,8392,8394,8402,8433,8435,8443,8447,8498,8500,8508,8516,8520,8523,8575,8577,8598,8605,8609,8615,8618,8626,8648,8650,8658,8666,8689,8691,8699,8704,8709,8721,8723,8764,8775,8779,8788,8791,8794,8853,8856,8908,8911,8916,8932,8938,8940,8945,8953,8956,8978,8980,8988,8993,8996,9031,9033,9041,9045,9050,9088,9100,9103,9158,9166,9170,9173,9195,9204,9207,9248,9250,9273,9279,9285,9300,9302,9322,9325,9344,9346,9365,9367,9372,9451,9454,9468,9475,9477,9481,9488,9492,9496,9500,9505,9509,9514,9518,9525,9527,9557],[10,7476,7472],{"id":7477},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7479,2482,7480,7482,7483,3384,7485,113],{},[15,7481,4317],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7484,4112],{},[15,7486,4178],{},[20,7488,7489,7490,7492,7493,7495],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7491,4317],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7494,1345],{}," statements and other conditions.",[30,7497,33],{"id":32},[35,7499,7501],{"className":37,"code":7500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7502,7503,7517,7531,7545,7563,7573],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7504,7505,7507,7509,7511,7513,7515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7506,136],{"class":135},[44,7508,120],{"class":58},[44,7510,4370],{"class":2248},[44,7512,120],{"class":58},[44,7514,2626],{"class":95},[44,7516,2239],{"class":58},[44,7518,7519,7521,7523,7525,7527,7529],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7520,136],{"class":135},[44,7522,120],{"class":58},[44,7524,4370],{"class":2248},[44,7526,120],{"class":58},[44,7528,1588],{"class":95},[44,7530,2239],{"class":58},[44,7532,7533,7535,7537,7539,7541,7543],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,7534,136],{"class":135},[44,7536,120],{"class":58},[44,7538,4370],{"class":2248},[44,7540,120],{"class":58},[44,7542,6773],{"class":62},[44,7544,2239],{"class":58},[44,7546,7547,7549,7551,7553,7555,7557,7559,7561],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,7548,136],{"class":135},[44,7550,120],{"class":58},[44,7552,4370],{"class":2248},[44,7554,120],{"class":58},[44,7556,63],{"class":62},[44,7558,4349],{"class":66},[44,7560,63],{"class":62},[44,7562,2239],{"class":58},[44,7564,7565,7567,7569,7571],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,7566,136],{"class":135},[44,7568,120],{"class":58},[44,7570,4370],{"class":2248},[44,7572,4932],{"class":58},[44,7574,7575,7577,7579,7581,7583,7585,7587,7589,7591,7593],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,7576,136],{"class":135},[44,7578,120],{"class":58},[44,7580,4370],{"class":2248},[44,7582,3492],{"class":58},[44,7584,1588],{"class":95},[44,7586,83],{"class":58},[44,7588,1717],{"class":95},[44,7590,83],{"class":58},[44,7592,2955],{"class":95},[44,7594,3505],{"class":58},[20,7596,6060],{},[35,7598,7600],{"className":37,"code":7599,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7601,7602,7606,7610,7614,7618,7622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7603,7604],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7605,4543],{"class":1266},[44,7607,7608],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7609,4482],{"class":1266},[44,7611,7612],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,7613,4543],{"class":1266},[44,7615,7616],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,7617,4482],{"class":1266},[44,7619,7620],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,7621,4543],{"class":1266},[44,7623,7624],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,7625,4482],{"class":1266},[20,7627,227,7628,7631,7632,3384,7634,7636,7637,7639,7640,113],{},[15,7629,7630],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7633,4112],{},[15,7635,4178],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7638,4178],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7641,4112],{},[30,7643,7645],{"id":7644},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7647,7648,7650],{},[15,7649,4317],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7652,7653],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[252,7655,7656,7660],{},[255,7657,7658],{},[15,7659,4112],{},[255,7661,7662],{},[15,7663,4178],{},[20,7665,7666,7667,7669],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7668,1345],{}," statements.",[20,7671,7672,7673,7675],{},"You can also call ",[15,7674,4317],{}," with no argument:",[35,7677,7679],{"className":37,"code":7678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool())\n",[15,7680,7681],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7682,7683,7685,7687,7689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7684,136],{"class":135},[44,7686,120],{"class":58},[44,7688,4370],{"class":2248},[44,7690,2188],{"class":58},[20,7692,2576],{},[35,7694,7695],{"className":37,"code":4543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7696,7697],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7698,7699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7700,4543],{"class":1266},[20,7702,7703,7704,113],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[625,7705,7707],{"href":7706},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[30,7709,7711],{"id":7710},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7713,7714],{},"The basic syntax is:",[35,7716,7718],{"className":37,"code":7717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bool(value)\n",[15,7719,7720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7721,7722,7724,7726,7728],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7723,4370],{"class":2248},[44,7725,120],{"class":58},[44,7727,1282],{"class":116},[44,7729,129],{"class":58},[20,7731,2482,7732,7734],{},[15,7733,1282],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[252,7736,7737,7739,7741,7743,7745,7748,7750],{},[255,7738,1579],{},[255,7740,5810],{},[255,7742,5801],{},[255,7744,5804],{},[255,7746,7747],{},"dictionaries",[255,7749,5807],{},[255,7751,7752],{},"other objects",[20,7754,7755,7756,113],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7757,4178],{},[20,7759,269],{},[35,7761,7763],{"className":37,"code":7762,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7764,7765,7779,7798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7766,7767,7769,7771,7773,7775,7777],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7768,136],{"class":135},[44,7770,120],{"class":58},[44,7772,4370],{"class":2248},[44,7774,120],{"class":58},[44,7776,1559],{"class":95},[44,7778,2239],{"class":58},[44,7780,7781,7783,7785,7787,7789,7791,7794,7796],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7782,136],{"class":135},[44,7784,120],{"class":58},[44,7786,4370],{"class":2248},[44,7788,120],{"class":58},[44,7790,63],{"class":62},[44,7792,7793],{"class":66},"Python",[44,7795,63],{"class":62},[44,7797,2239],{"class":58},[44,7799,7800,7802,7804,7806],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,7801,136],{"class":135},[44,7803,120],{"class":58},[44,7805,4370],{"class":2248},[44,7807,2188],{"class":58},[20,7809,2576],{},[35,7811,7813],{"className":37,"code":7812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7814,7815,7819,7823],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7816,7817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7818,4482],{"class":1266},[44,7820,7821],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7822,4482],{"class":1266},[44,7824,7825],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,7826,4543],{"class":1266},[30,7828,7830],{"id":7829},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7832,7833,7834,7836],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[590,7835,6097],{}," values.",[20,7838,7839],{},"Common examples:",[252,7841,7842,7846,7850,7854,7858,7863,7867,7871],{},[255,7843,7844],{},[15,7845,2626],{},[255,7847,7848],{},[15,7849,4272],{},[255,7851,7852],{},[15,7853,6773],{},[255,7855,7856],{},[15,7857,4291],{},[255,7859,7860],{},[15,7861,7862],{},"()",[255,7864,7865],{},[15,7866,4296],{},[255,7868,7869],{},[15,7870,4301],{},[255,7872,7873],{},[15,7874,4282],{},[20,7876,269],{},[35,7878,7880],{"className":37,"code":7879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7881,7882,7896,7910,7924,7934,7944,7955,7969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7883,7884,7886,7888,7890,7892,7894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7885,136],{"class":135},[44,7887,120],{"class":58},[44,7889,4370],{"class":2248},[44,7891,120],{"class":58},[44,7893,2626],{"class":95},[44,7895,2239],{"class":58},[44,7897,7898,7900,7902,7904,7906,7908],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7899,136],{"class":135},[44,7901,120],{"class":58},[44,7903,4370],{"class":2248},[44,7905,120],{"class":58},[44,7907,4272],{"class":95},[44,7909,2239],{"class":58},[44,7911,7912,7914,7916,7918,7920,7922],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,7913,136],{"class":135},[44,7915,120],{"class":58},[44,7917,4370],{"class":2248},[44,7919,120],{"class":58},[44,7921,6773],{"class":62},[44,7923,2239],{"class":58},[44,7925,7926,7928,7930,7932],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,7927,136],{"class":135},[44,7929,120],{"class":58},[44,7931,4370],{"class":2248},[44,7933,4932],{"class":58},[44,7935,7936,7938,7940,7942],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,7937,136],{"class":135},[44,7939,120],{"class":58},[44,7941,4370],{"class":2248},[44,7943,4990],{"class":58},[44,7945,7946,7948,7950,7952],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,7947,136],{"class":135},[44,7949,120],{"class":58},[44,7951,4370],{"class":2248},[44,7953,7954],{"class":58},"({}))\n",[44,7956,7957,7959,7961,7963,7965,7967],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,7958,136],{"class":135},[44,7960,120],{"class":58},[44,7962,4370],{"class":2248},[44,7964,120],{"class":58},[44,7966,6788],{"class":2248},[44,7968,6791],{"class":58},[44,7970,7971,7973,7975,7977,7979,7981],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,7972,136],{"class":135},[44,7974,120],{"class":58},[44,7976,4370],{"class":2248},[44,7978,120],{"class":58},[44,7980,4282],{"class":1266},[44,7982,2239],{"class":58},[20,7984,2576],{},[35,7986,7988],{"className":37,"code":7987,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7989,7990,7994,7998,8002,8006,8010,8014,8018],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7991,7992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7993,4543],{"class":1266},[44,7995,7996],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7997,4543],{"class":1266},[44,7999,8000],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,8001,4543],{"class":1266},[44,8003,8004],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,8005,4543],{"class":1266},[44,8007,8008],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,8009,4543],{"class":1266},[44,8011,8012],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,8013,4543],{"class":1266},[44,8015,8016],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,8017,4543],{"class":1266},[44,8019,8020],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,8021,4543],{"class":1266},[30,8023,8025],{"id":8024},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,8027,8028,8029,8031,8032,7836],{},"Many values become ",[15,8030,4112],{},". These are often called ",[590,8033,6094],{},[20,8035,7839],{},[252,8037,8038,8041,8044,8047,8050,8053],{},[255,8039,8040],{},"non-zero numbers",[255,8042,8043],{},"non-empty strings",[255,8045,8046],{},"non-empty lists",[255,8048,8049],{},"non-empty tuples",[255,8051,8052],{},"non-empty sets",[255,8054,8055],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,8057,269],{},[35,8059,8061],{"className":37,"code":8060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,8062,8063,8077,8093,8111,8133,8151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8064,8065,8067,8069,8071,8073,8075],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8066,136],{"class":135},[44,8068,120],{"class":58},[44,8070,4370],{"class":2248},[44,8072,120],{"class":58},[44,8074,2643],{"class":95},[44,8076,2239],{"class":58},[44,8078,8079,8081,8083,8085,8087,8089,8091],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8080,136],{"class":135},[44,8082,120],{"class":58},[44,8084,4370],{"class":2248},[44,8086,120],{"class":58},[44,8088,2526],{"class":54},[44,8090,2561],{"class":95},[44,8092,2239],{"class":58},[44,8094,8095,8097,8099,8101,8103,8105,8107,8109],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,8096,136],{"class":135},[44,8098,120],{"class":58},[44,8100,4370],{"class":2248},[44,8102,120],{"class":58},[44,8104,63],{"class":62},[44,8106,4349],{"class":66},[44,8108,63],{"class":62},[44,8110,2239],{"class":58},[44,8112,8113,8115,8117,8119,8121,8123,8125,8127,8129,8131],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,8114,136],{"class":135},[44,8116,120],{"class":58},[44,8118,4370],{"class":2248},[44,8120,3492],{"class":58},[44,8122,1588],{"class":95},[44,8124,83],{"class":58},[44,8126,1717],{"class":95},[44,8128,83],{"class":58},[44,8130,2955],{"class":95},[44,8132,3505],{"class":58},[44,8134,8135,8137,8139,8141,8143,8145,8147,8149],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,8136,136],{"class":135},[44,8138,120],{"class":58},[44,8140,4370],{"class":2248},[44,8142,6011],{"class":58},[44,8144,1588],{"class":95},[44,8146,83],{"class":58},[44,8148,1717],{"class":95},[44,8150,3418],{"class":58},[44,8152,8153,8155,8157,8159,8161,8163,8165,8167,8169,8171,8174,8176],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,8154,136],{"class":135},[44,8156,120],{"class":58},[44,8158,4370],{"class":2248},[44,8160,6030],{"class":58},[44,8162,63],{"class":62},[44,8164,67],{"class":66},[44,8166,63],{"class":62},[44,8168,72],{"class":58},[44,8170,75],{"class":62},[44,8172,8173],{"class":66},"Sam",[44,8175,63],{"class":62},[44,8177,6039],{"class":58},[20,8179,2576],{},[35,8181,8183],{"className":37,"code":8182,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,8184,8185,8189,8193,8197,8201,8205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8186,8187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8188,4482],{"class":1266},[44,8190,8191],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8192,4482],{"class":1266},[44,8194,8195],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,8196,4482],{"class":1266},[44,8198,8199],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,8200,4482],{"class":1266},[44,8202,8203],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,8204,4482],{"class":1266},[44,8206,8207],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,8208,4482],{"class":1266},[20,8210,8211],{},"One important example is this:",[35,8213,8215],{"className":37,"code":8214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,8216,8217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8218,8219,8221,8223,8225,8227,8229,8231,8233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8220,136],{"class":135},[44,8222,120],{"class":58},[44,8224,4370],{"class":2248},[44,8226,120],{"class":58},[44,8228,63],{"class":62},[44,8230,4178],{"class":66},[44,8232,63],{"class":62},[44,8234,2239],{"class":58},[20,8236,2576],{},[35,8238,8239],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8240,8241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8242,8243],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8244,4482],{"class":1266},[20,8246,8247,8248,8250,8251,113],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,8249,7177],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,8252,4112],{},[30,8254,8256],{"id":8255},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,8258,8259,8260,8262],{},"You can use ",[15,8261,4317],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[981,8264,8266],{"id":8265},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[35,8268,8270],{"className":37,"code":8269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8271,8272,8293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8273,8274,8277,8279,8281,8283,8285,8287,8289,8291],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8275,8276],{"class":50},"items ",[44,8278,55],{"class":54},[44,8280,1556],{"class":58},[44,8282,1559],{"class":95},[44,8284,83],{"class":58},[44,8286,646],{"class":95},[44,8288,83],{"class":58},[44,8290,1568],{"class":95},[44,8292,1153],{"class":58},[44,8294,8295,8297,8299,8301,8303,8306],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8296,136],{"class":135},[44,8298,120],{"class":58},[44,8300,4370],{"class":2248},[44,8302,120],{"class":58},[44,8304,8305],{"class":116},"items",[44,8307,2239],{"class":58},[20,8309,2576],{},[35,8311,8312],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8313,8314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8315,8316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8317,4482],{"class":1266},[20,8319,8320],{},"With an empty list:",[35,8322,8324],{"className":37,"code":8323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8325,8326,8335],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8327,8328,8330,8332],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8329,8276],{"class":50},[44,8331,55],{"class":54},[44,8333,8334],{"class":58}," []\n",[44,8336,8337,8339,8341,8343,8345,8347],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8338,136],{"class":135},[44,8340,120],{"class":58},[44,8342,4370],{"class":2248},[44,8344,120],{"class":58},[44,8346,8305],{"class":116},[44,8348,2239],{"class":58},[20,8350,2576],{},[35,8352,8353],{"className":37,"code":4543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8354,8355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8356,8357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8358,4543],{"class":1266},[981,8360,8362],{"id":8361},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[35,8364,8366],{"className":37,"code":8365,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8367,8368,8378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8369,8370,8373,8375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8371,8372],{"class":50},"name ",[44,8374,55],{"class":54},[44,8376,8377],{"class":62}," \"\"\n",[44,8379,8380,8382,8384,8386,8388,8390],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8381,136],{"class":135},[44,8383,120],{"class":58},[44,8385,4370],{"class":2248},[44,8387,120],{"class":58},[44,8389,67],{"class":116},[44,8391,2239],{"class":58},[20,8393,2576],{},[35,8395,8396],{"className":37,"code":4543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8397,8398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8399,8400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8401,4543],{"class":1266},[35,8403,8405],{"className":37,"code":8404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8406,8407,8419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8408,8409,8411,8413,8415,8417],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8410,8372],{"class":50},[44,8412,55],{"class":54},[44,8414,75],{"class":62},[44,8416,1814],{"class":66},[44,8418,3865],{"class":62},[44,8420,8421,8423,8425,8427,8429,8431],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8422,136],{"class":135},[44,8424,120],{"class":58},[44,8426,4370],{"class":2248},[44,8428,120],{"class":58},[44,8430,67],{"class":116},[44,8432,2239],{"class":58},[20,8434,2576],{},[35,8436,8437],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8438,8439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8440,8441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8442,4482],{"class":1266},[981,8444,8446],{"id":8445},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[35,8448,8450],{"className":37,"code":8449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8451,8452,8466,8483,8487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8453,8454,8457,8459,8461,8464],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8455,8456],{"class":50},"username ",[44,8458,55],{"class":54},[44,8460,75],{"class":62},[44,8462,8463],{"class":66},"alex",[44,8465,3865],{"class":62},[44,8467,8468,8471,8473,8476,8478,8481],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8469,8470],{"class":50},"has_name ",[44,8472,55],{"class":54},[44,8474,8475],{"class":2248}," bool",[44,8477,120],{"class":58},[44,8479,8480],{"class":116},"username",[44,8482,129],{"class":58},[44,8484,8485],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,8486,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,8488,8489,8491,8493,8496],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,8490,136],{"class":135},[44,8492,120],{"class":58},[44,8494,8495],{"class":116},"has_name",[44,8497,129],{"class":58},[20,8499,2576],{},[35,8501,8502],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8503,8504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8505,8506],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8507,4482],{"class":1266},[20,8509,8510,8511,3384,8513,8515],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8512,4112],{},[15,8514,4178],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[981,8517,8519],{"id":8518},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8521,8522],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[35,8524,8526],{"className":37,"code":8525,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8527,8528,8548,8552,8560],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8529,8530,8532,8534,8536,8538,8540,8542,8544,8546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8531,1551],{"class":50},[44,8533,55],{"class":54},[44,8535,1556],{"class":58},[44,8537,1588],{"class":95},[44,8539,83],{"class":58},[44,8541,1717],{"class":95},[44,8543,83],{"class":58},[44,8545,2955],{"class":95},[44,8547,1153],{"class":58},[44,8549,8550],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8551,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,8553,8554,8556,8558],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,8555,1345],{"class":1140},[44,8557,4767],{"class":50},[44,8559,1359],{"class":58},[44,8561,8562,8564,8566,8568,8571,8573],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,8563,1387],{"class":135},[44,8565,120],{"class":58},[44,8567,63],{"class":62},[44,8569,8570],{"class":66},"The list is not empty",[44,8572,63],{"class":62},[44,8574,129],{"class":58},[20,8576,2576],{},[35,8578,8580],{"className":37,"code":8579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8581,8582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8583,8584,8586,8589,8592,8595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8585,2482],{"class":50},[44,8587,8588],{"class":2248},"list",[44,8590,8591],{"class":54}," is",[44,8593,8594],{"class":54}," not",[44,8596,8597],{"class":50}," empty\n",[20,8599,8600,8601,113],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[625,8602,8604],{"href":8603},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[30,8606,8608],{"id":8607},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8610,8611,8612,8614],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8613,4317],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8616,8617],{},"It does not do that.",[981,8619,8621,2901,8624],{"id":8620},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8622,8623],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8625,4112],{},[35,8627,8628],{"className":37,"code":8214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8629,8630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8631,8632,8634,8636,8638,8640,8642,8644,8646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8633,136],{"class":135},[44,8635,120],{"class":58},[44,8637,4370],{"class":2248},[44,8639,120],{"class":58},[44,8641,63],{"class":62},[44,8643,4178],{"class":66},[44,8645,63],{"class":62},[44,8647,2239],{"class":58},[20,8649,2576],{},[35,8651,8652],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8653,8654],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8655,8656],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8657,4482],{"class":1266},[981,8659,8661,2901,8664],{"id":8660},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8662,8663],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8665,4112],{},[35,8667,8669],{"className":37,"code":8668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8670,8671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8672,8673,8675,8677,8679,8681,8683,8685,8687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8674,136],{"class":135},[44,8676,120],{"class":58},[44,8678,4370],{"class":2248},[44,8680,120],{"class":58},[44,8682,63],{"class":62},[44,8684,2626],{"class":66},[44,8686,63],{"class":62},[44,8688,2239],{"class":58},[20,8690,2576],{},[35,8692,8693],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8694,8695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8696,8697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8698,4482],{"class":1266},[20,8700,8701,8702,113],{},"This happens because both values are ",[590,8703,8043],{},[20,8705,8706,8708],{},[15,8707,4317],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8710,8711,8712,8717,8718,8720],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[625,8713,8715],{"href":8714},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8716,3464],{},", because ",[15,8719,3464],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8722,269],{},[35,8724,8726],{"className":37,"code":8725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8727,8728,8749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8729,8730,8733,8735,8738,8740,8742,8745,8747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8731,8732],{"class":50},"user_value ",[44,8734,55],{"class":54},[44,8736,8737],{"class":135}," input",[44,8739,120],{"class":58},[44,8741,63],{"class":62},[44,8743,8744],{"class":66},"Enter True or False: ",[44,8746,63],{"class":62},[44,8748,129],{"class":58},[44,8750,8751,8753,8755,8757,8759,8762],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8752,136],{"class":135},[44,8754,120],{"class":58},[44,8756,4370],{"class":2248},[44,8758,120],{"class":58},[44,8760,8761],{"class":116},"user_value",[44,8763,2239],{"class":58},[20,8765,8766,8767,8769,8770,8717,8772,8774],{},"If the user types ",[15,8768,4178],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8771,4112],{},[15,8773,7177],{}," is not empty.",[30,8776,8778],{"id":8777},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8780,8781,8782,8784,8785,8787],{},"In many ",[15,8783,1345],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8786,4317],{}," yourself.",[20,8789,8790],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8792,8793],{},"Instead of this:",[35,8795,8797],{"className":37,"code":8796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8798,8799,8820,8824,8838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8800,8801,8804,8806,8808,8810,8812,8814,8816,8818],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8802,8803],{"class":50},"my_list ",[44,8805,55],{"class":54},[44,8807,1556],{"class":58},[44,8809,1588],{"class":95},[44,8811,83],{"class":58},[44,8813,1717],{"class":95},[44,8815,83],{"class":58},[44,8817,2955],{"class":95},[44,8819,1153],{"class":58},[44,8821,8822],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8823,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,8825,8826,8828,8830,8832,8835],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,8827,1345],{"class":1140},[44,8829,8475],{"class":2248},[44,8831,120],{"class":58},[44,8833,8834],{"class":116},"my_list",[44,8836,8837],{"class":58},"):\n",[44,8839,8840,8842,8844,8846,8849,8851],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,8841,1387],{"class":135},[44,8843,120],{"class":58},[44,8845,63],{"class":62},[44,8847,8848],{"class":66},"List has items",[44,8850,63],{"class":62},[44,8852,129],{"class":58},[20,8854,8855],{},"You can simply write:",[35,8857,8859],{"className":37,"code":8858,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8860,8861,8881,8885,8894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8862,8863,8865,8867,8869,8871,8873,8875,8877,8879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8864,8803],{"class":50},[44,8866,55],{"class":54},[44,8868,1556],{"class":58},[44,8870,1588],{"class":95},[44,8872,83],{"class":58},[44,8874,1717],{"class":95},[44,8876,83],{"class":58},[44,8878,2955],{"class":95},[44,8880,1153],{"class":58},[44,8882,8883],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8884,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,8886,8887,8889,8892],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,8888,1345],{"class":1140},[44,8890,8891],{"class":50}," my_list",[44,8893,1359],{"class":58},[44,8895,8896,8898,8900,8902,8904,8906],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,8897,1387],{"class":135},[44,8899,120],{"class":58},[44,8901,63],{"class":62},[44,8903,8848],{"class":66},[44,8905,63],{"class":62},[44,8907,129],{"class":58},[20,8909,8910],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8912,1785,8913,8915],{},[15,8914,4317],{}," is still helpful when:",[252,8917,8918,8921,8929],{},[255,8919,8920],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[255,8922,8923,8924,3384,8926,8928],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8925,4112],{},[15,8927,4178],{}," value",[255,8930,8931],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8933,8934,8935,113],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[625,8936,8937],{"href":2803},"Python type() function explained",[30,8939,3335],{"id":3334},[20,8941,8942,8943,113],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8944,4317],{},[981,8946,1904,8948,8950,8951],{"id":8947},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8949,8623],{}," to return ",[15,8952,4178],{},[20,8954,8955],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[35,8957,8958],{"className":37,"code":8214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8959,8960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8961,8962,8964,8966,8968,8970,8972,8974,8976],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8963,136],{"class":135},[44,8965,120],{"class":58},[44,8967,4370],{"class":2248},[44,8969,120],{"class":58},[44,8971,63],{"class":62},[44,8973,4178],{"class":66},[44,8975,63],{"class":62},[44,8977,2239],{"class":58},[20,8979,2576],{},[35,8981,8982],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8983,8984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8985,8986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8987,4482],{"class":1266},[20,8989,8990,8991,7178],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8992,7177],{},[20,8994,8995],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[35,8997,8999],{"className":37,"code":8998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,9000,9001,9013],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9002,9003,9005,9007,9009,9011],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9004,1244],{"class":50},[44,9006,55],{"class":54},[44,9008,75],{"class":62},[44,9010,4178],{"class":66},[44,9012,3865],{"class":62},[44,9014,9015,9017,9019,9021,9023,9025,9027,9029],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9016,136],{"class":135},[44,9018,120],{"class":58},[44,9020,1244],{"class":116},[44,9022,5191],{"class":54},[44,9024,75],{"class":62},[44,9026,4112],{"class":66},[44,9028,63],{"class":62},[44,9030,129],{"class":58},[20,9032,2576],{},[35,9034,9035],{"className":37,"code":4543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9036,9037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9038,9039],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9040,4543],{"class":1266},[981,9042,9044],{"id":9043},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,9046,9047,9049],{},[15,9048,3464],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[35,9051,9053],{"className":37,"code":9052,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9054,9055,9074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9056,9057,9059,9061,9063,9065,9067,9070,9072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9058,1244],{"class":50},[44,9060,55],{"class":54},[44,9062,8737],{"class":135},[44,9064,120],{"class":58},[44,9066,63],{"class":62},[44,9068,9069],{"class":66},"Enter yes or no: ",[44,9071,63],{"class":62},[44,9073,129],{"class":58},[44,9075,9076,9078,9080,9082,9084,9086],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9077,136],{"class":135},[44,9079,120],{"class":58},[44,9081,4370],{"class":2248},[44,9083,120],{"class":58},[44,9085,1282],{"class":116},[44,9087,2239],{"class":58},[20,9089,8766,9090,9093,9094,9096,9097,8774],{},[15,9091,9092],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,9095,4112],{}," because ",[15,9098,9099],{},"\"no\"",[20,9101,9102],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[35,9104,9106],{"className":37,"code":9105,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,9107,9108,9139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9109,9110,9112,9114,9116,9118,9120,9122,9124,9127,9130,9133,9136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9111,1244],{"class":50},[44,9113,55],{"class":54},[44,9115,8737],{"class":135},[44,9117,120],{"class":58},[44,9119,63],{"class":62},[44,9121,9069],{"class":66},[44,9123,63],{"class":62},[44,9125,9126],{"class":58},").",[44,9128,9129],{"class":116},"strip",[44,9131,9132],{"class":58},"().",[44,9134,9135],{"class":116},"lower",[44,9137,9138],{"class":58},"()\n",[44,9140,9141,9143,9145,9147,9149,9151,9154,9156],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9142,136],{"class":135},[44,9144,120],{"class":58},[44,9146,1244],{"class":116},[44,9148,5191],{"class":54},[44,9150,75],{"class":62},[44,9152,9153],{"class":66},"yes",[44,9155,63],{"class":62},[44,9157,129],{"class":58},[20,9159,9160,9161,9163,9164,113],{},"This gives ",[15,9162,4112],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,9165,9153],{},[981,9167,9169],{"id":9168},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,9171,9172],{},"These are different:",[252,9174,9175,9179,9183,9187,9191],{},[255,9176,9177],{},[15,9178,4178],{},[255,9180,9181],{},[15,9182,2626],{},[255,9184,9185],{},[15,9186,6773],{},[255,9188,9189],{},[15,9190,4291],{},[255,9192,9193],{},[15,9194,4282],{},[20,9196,9197,9198,9200,9201,9203],{},"They all become ",[15,9199,4178],{}," with ",[15,9202,4317],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,9205,9206],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[35,9208,9210],{"className":37,"code":9209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9211,9212,9220,9234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9213,9214,9216,9218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9215,1244],{"class":50},[44,9217,55],{"class":54},[44,9219,8334],{"class":58},[44,9221,9222,9224,9226,9228,9230,9232],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9223,136],{"class":135},[44,9225,120],{"class":58},[44,9227,2249],{"class":2248},[44,9229,120],{"class":58},[44,9231,1282],{"class":116},[44,9233,2239],{"class":58},[44,9235,9236,9238,9240,9242,9244,9246],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,9237,136],{"class":135},[44,9239,120],{"class":58},[44,9241,4370],{"class":2248},[44,9243,120],{"class":58},[44,9245,1282],{"class":116},[44,9247,2239],{"class":58},[20,9249,2576],{},[35,9251,9253],{"className":37,"code":9252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,9254,9255,9269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9256,9257,9259,9261,9263,9265,9267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9258,3797],{"class":54},[44,9260,3800],{"class":2570},[44,9262,2232],{"class":62},[44,9264,8588],{"class":66},[44,9266,2197],{"class":62},[44,9268,3809],{"class":54},[44,9270,9271],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9272,4543],{"class":1266},[981,9274,1785,9276,9278],{"id":9275},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,9277,4296],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,9280,9281,9282,9284],{},"In Python, ",[15,9283,4296],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[35,9286,9288],{"className":37,"code":9287,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type({}))\n",[15,9289,9290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9291,9292,9294,9296,9298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9293,136],{"class":135},[44,9295,120],{"class":58},[44,9297,2249],{"class":2248},[44,9299,7954],{"class":58},[20,9301,2576],{},[35,9303,9305],{"className":37,"code":9304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,9306,9307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9308,9309,9311,9313,9315,9318,9320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9310,3797],{"class":54},[44,9312,3800],{"class":2570},[44,9314,2232],{"class":62},[44,9316,9317],{"class":66},"dict",[44,9319,2197],{"class":62},[44,9321,3809],{"class":54},[20,9323,9324],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[35,9326,9328],{"className":37,"code":9327,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,9329,9330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9331,9332,9334,9336,9338,9340,9342],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9333,136],{"class":135},[44,9335,120],{"class":58},[44,9337,2249],{"class":2248},[44,9339,120],{"class":58},[44,9341,6788],{"class":2248},[44,9343,6791],{"class":58},[20,9345,2576],{},[35,9347,9349],{"className":37,"code":9348,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9350,9351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9352,9353,9355,9357,9359,9361,9363],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9354,3797],{"class":54},[44,9356,3800],{"class":2570},[44,9358,2232],{"class":62},[44,9360,6788],{"class":66},[44,9362,2197],{"class":62},[44,9364,3809],{"class":54},[30,9366,2151],{"id":2150},[20,9368,2154,9369,9371],{},[15,9370,4317],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[35,9373,9375],{"className":37,"code":9374,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9376,9377,9391,9405,9415,9433],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9378,9379,9381,9383,9385,9387,9389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9380,136],{"class":135},[44,9382,120],{"class":58},[44,9384,4370],{"class":2248},[44,9386,120],{"class":58},[44,9388,1282],{"class":116},[44,9390,2239],{"class":58},[44,9392,9393,9395,9397,9399,9401,9403],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9394,136],{"class":135},[44,9396,120],{"class":58},[44,9398,2249],{"class":2248},[44,9400,120],{"class":58},[44,9402,1282],{"class":116},[44,9404,2239],{"class":58},[44,9406,9407,9409,9411,9413],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,9408,136],{"class":135},[44,9410,120],{"class":58},[44,9412,1282],{"class":116},[44,9414,129],{"class":58},[44,9416,9417,9419,9421,9423,9425,9427,9429,9431],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,9418,136],{"class":135},[44,9420,120],{"class":58},[44,9422,1244],{"class":116},[44,9424,5191],{"class":54},[44,9426,75],{"class":62},[44,9428,4112],{"class":66},[44,9430,63],{"class":62},[44,9432,129],{"class":58},[44,9434,9435,9437,9439,9441,9443,9445,9447,9449],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,9436,136],{"class":135},[44,9438,120],{"class":58},[44,9440,1282],{"class":116},[44,9442,113],{"class":58},[44,9444,9129],{"class":116},[44,9446,9132],{"class":58},[44,9448,9135],{"class":116},[44,9450,2188],{"class":58},[20,9452,9453],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[252,9455,9456,9459,9462,9465],{},[255,9457,9458],{},"what the value really is",[255,9460,9461],{},"whether it is a string",[255,9463,9464],{},"whether it contains spaces",[255,9466,9467],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9469,9470,9471,113],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[625,9472,9474],{"href":9473},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[30,9476,2301],{"id":2300},[981,9478,9480],{"id":9479},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9482,9483,9484,3384,9486,113],{},"It returns either ",[15,9485,4112],{},[15,9487,4178],{},[981,9489,9491],{"id":9490},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9493,5649,9494,113],{},[15,9495,4178],{},[981,9497,9499],{"id":9498},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9501,9502,9503,113],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9504,4112],{},[981,9506,9508],{"id":9507},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9510,9511,9512,113],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9513,4178],{},[981,9515,9517],{"id":9516},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9519,9520,9521,3384,9523,4241],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9522,4112],{},[15,9524,4178],{},[30,9526,2375],{"id":2374},[252,9528,9529,9534,9538,9543,9547,9552],{},[255,9530,9531],{},[625,9532,9533],{"href":6278},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[255,9535,9536],{},[625,9537,8604],{"href":8603},[255,9539,9540],{},[625,9541,9542],{"href":8714},"Python input() function explained",[255,9544,9545],{},[625,9546,8937],{"href":2803},[255,9548,9549],{},[625,9550,9551],{"href":9473},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[255,9553,9554],{},[625,9555,9556],{"href":7706},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2414,9558,9559],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":9561},[9562,9563,9564,9565,9566,9567,9573,9579,9580,9588,9589,9596],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":7644,"depth":102,"text":7645},{"id":7710,"depth":102,"text":7711},{"id":7829,"depth":102,"text":7830},{"id":8024,"depth":102,"text":8025},{"id":8255,"depth":102,"text":8256,"children":9568},[9569,9570,9571,9572],{"id":8265,"depth":132,"text":8266},{"id":8361,"depth":132,"text":8362},{"id":8445,"depth":132,"text":8446},{"id":8518,"depth":132,"text":8519},{"id":8607,"depth":102,"text":8608,"children":9574},[9575,9577],{"id":8620,"depth":132,"text":9576},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8660,"depth":132,"text":9578},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8777,"depth":102,"text":8778},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":9581},[9582,9584,9585,9586],{"id":8947,"depth":132,"text":9583},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":9043,"depth":132,"text":9044},{"id":9168,"depth":132,"text":9169},{"id":9275,"depth":132,"text":9587},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":2150,"depth":102,"text":2151},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":9590},[9591,9592,9593,9594,9595],{"id":9479,"depth":132,"text":9480},{"id":9490,"depth":132,"text":9491},{"id":9498,"depth":132,"text":9499},{"id":9507,"depth":132,"text":9508},{"id":9516,"depth":132,"text":9517},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7472,"description":9597},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9604,"title":9605,"body":9606,"description":11783,"extension":2465,"meta":11784,"navigation":169,"path":11785,"seo":11786,"stem":11787,"__hash__":11788},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9607,"toc":11745},[9608,9614,9620,9627,9632,9643,9650,9757,9761,9827,9832,9837,9842,9845,9856,9861,9864,9875,9880,9882,9887,9891,9916,9920,9929,9933,9996,10000,10033,10037,10082,10086,10123,10127,10130,10186,10190,10235,10238,10243,10282,10286,10309,10312,10326,10339,10343,10348,10415,10419,10455,10458,10466,10469,10533,10537,10569,10575,10577,10637,10644,10647,10725,10729,10762,10766,10769,10813,10817,10853,10856,10873,10876,10879,10930,10933,10944,10951,10960,10963,11020,11024,11065,11072,11079,11084,11092,11104,11109,11120,11193,11196,11208,11222,11226,11231,11235,11237,11280,11286,11289,11352,11356,11359,11368,11373,11410,11414,11417,11425,11428,11467,11471,11474,11525,11529,11550,11556,11558,11564,11590,11593,11648,11651,11662,11664,11671,11679,11685,11690,11697,11700,11707,11714,11716,11742],[10,9609,4083,9611,4087],{"id":9610},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9612,9613],{},"dict()",[20,9615,9616,9617,9619],{},"The built-in ",[15,9618,9613],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9621,9622,9623,9626],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[590,9624,9625],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9628,9629,9631],{},[15,9630,9613],{}," is commonly used to:",[252,9633,9634,9637,9640],{},[255,9635,9636],{},"create an empty dictionary",[255,9638,9639],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[255,9641,9642],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9644,9645,9646,113],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[625,9647,9649],{"href":9648},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[35,9651,9653],{"className":37,"code":9652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9654,9655,9689,9699,9703,9742],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9656,9657,9659,9661,9664,9666,9669,9671,9673,9675,9677,9679,9682,9684,9687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9658,616],{"class":50},[44,9660,55],{"class":54},[44,9662,9663],{"class":2248}," dict",[44,9665,120],{"class":58},[44,9667,67],{"class":9668},"s99_P",[44,9670,55],{"class":54},[44,9672,2197],{"class":62},[44,9674,5505],{"class":66},[44,9676,2197],{"class":62},[44,9678,83],{"class":58},[44,9680,9681],{"class":9668}," age",[44,9683,55],{"class":54},[44,9685,9686],{"class":95},"25",[44,9688,129],{"class":58},[44,9690,9691,9693,9695,9697],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9692,136],{"class":135},[44,9694,120],{"class":58},[44,9696,750],{"class":116},[44,9698,129],{"class":58},[44,9700,9701],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,9702,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,9704,9705,9708,9710,9713,9715,9717,9719,9721,9723,9726,9729,9731,9733,9735,9737,9739],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,9706,9707],{"class":50},"pairs ",[44,9709,55],{"class":54},[44,9711,9712],{"class":58}," [(",[44,9714,2197],{"class":62},[44,9716,625],{"class":66},[44,9718,2197],{"class":62},[44,9720,83],{"class":58},[44,9722,1703],{"class":95},[44,9724,9725],{"class":58},"),",[44,9727,9728],{"class":58}," (",[44,9730,2197],{"class":62},[44,9732,639],{"class":66},[44,9734,2197],{"class":62},[44,9736,83],{"class":58},[44,9738,1717],{"class":95},[44,9740,9741],{"class":58},")]\n",[44,9743,9744,9746,9748,9750,9752,9755],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,9745,136],{"class":135},[44,9747,120],{"class":58},[44,9749,9317],{"class":2248},[44,9751,120],{"class":58},[44,9753,9754],{"class":116},"pairs",[44,9756,2239],{"class":58},[20,9758,9759],{},[590,9760,2576],{},[35,9762,9764],{"className":37,"code":9763,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9765,9766,9799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9767,9768,9771,9773,9775,9777,9779,9781,9783,9785,9787,9789,9791,9793,9795,9797],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9769,9770],{"class":58},"{",[44,9772,2197],{"class":62},[44,9774,67],{"class":66},[44,9776,2197],{"class":62},[44,9778,72],{"class":58},[44,9780,2232],{"class":62},[44,9782,5505],{"class":66},[44,9784,2197],{"class":62},[44,9786,83],{"class":58},[44,9788,2232],{"class":62},[44,9790,88],{"class":66},[44,9792,2197],{"class":62},[44,9794,72],{"class":58},[44,9796,96],{"class":95},[44,9798,99],{"class":58},[44,9800,9801,9803,9805,9807,9809,9811,9813,9815,9817,9819,9821,9823,9825],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9802,9770],{"class":58},[44,9804,2197],{"class":62},[44,9806,625],{"class":66},[44,9808,2197],{"class":62},[44,9810,72],{"class":58},[44,9812,1703],{"class":95},[44,9814,83],{"class":58},[44,9816,2232],{"class":62},[44,9818,639],{"class":66},[44,9820,2197],{"class":62},[44,9822,72],{"class":58},[44,9824,1717],{"class":95},[44,9826,99],{"class":58},[20,9828,227,9829,9831],{},[15,9830,9613],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[30,9833,243,9835,246],{"id":9834},"what-dict-does",[15,9836,9613],{},[20,9838,9839,9841],{},[15,9840,9613],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9843,9844],{},"A dictionary:",[252,9846,9847,9850,9853],{},[255,9848,9849],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[255,9851,9852],{},"lets you look up values by key",[255,9854,9855],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9857,9858,9860],{},[15,9859,9613],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9862,9863],{},"Common uses include:",[252,9865,9866,9869,9872],{},[255,9867,9868],{},"making an empty dictionary",[255,9870,9871],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[255,9873,9874],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9876,9877,9878,113],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[625,9879,2297],{"href":2296},[30,9881,392],{"id":391},[20,9883,9884,9886],{},[15,9885,9613],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[981,9888,9890],{"id":9889},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[35,9892,9894],{"className":37,"code":9893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9895,9896,9906],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9897,9898,9900,9902,9904],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9899,616],{"class":50},[44,9901,55],{"class":54},[44,9903,9663],{"class":2248},[44,9905,9138],{"class":58},[44,9907,9908,9910,9912,9914],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9909,136],{"class":135},[44,9911,120],{"class":58},[44,9913,750],{"class":116},[44,9915,129],{"class":58},[20,9917,9918],{},[590,9919,2576],{},[35,9921,9923],{"className":37,"code":9922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{}\n",[15,9924,9925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9926,9927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9928,9922],{"class":58},[981,9930,9932],{"id":9931},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[35,9934,9936],{"className":37,"code":9935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9937,9938,9972,9986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9939,9940,9942,9944,9946,9948,9950,9952,9954,9956,9958,9960,9962,9964,9966,9968,9970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9941,9707],{"class":50},[44,9943,55],{"class":54},[44,9945,9712],{"class":58},[44,9947,2197],{"class":62},[44,9949,625],{"class":66},[44,9951,2197],{"class":62},[44,9953,83],{"class":58},[44,9955,1703],{"class":95},[44,9957,9725],{"class":58},[44,9959,9728],{"class":58},[44,9961,2197],{"class":62},[44,9963,639],{"class":66},[44,9965,2197],{"class":62},[44,9967,83],{"class":58},[44,9969,1717],{"class":95},[44,9971,9741],{"class":58},[44,9973,9974,9976,9978,9980,9982,9984],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9975,616],{"class":50},[44,9977,55],{"class":54},[44,9979,9663],{"class":2248},[44,9981,120],{"class":58},[44,9983,9754],{"class":116},[44,9985,129],{"class":58},[44,9987,9988,9990,9992,9994],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,9989,136],{"class":135},[44,9991,120],{"class":58},[44,9993,750],{"class":116},[44,9995,129],{"class":58},[20,9997,9998],{},[590,9999,2576],{},[35,10001,10003],{"className":37,"code":10002,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10004,10005],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10006,10007,10009,10011,10013,10015,10017,10019,10021,10023,10025,10027,10029,10031],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10008,9770],{"class":58},[44,10010,2197],{"class":62},[44,10012,625],{"class":66},[44,10014,2197],{"class":62},[44,10016,72],{"class":58},[44,10018,1703],{"class":95},[44,10020,83],{"class":58},[44,10022,2232],{"class":62},[44,10024,639],{"class":66},[44,10026,2197],{"class":62},[44,10028,72],{"class":58},[44,10030,1717],{"class":95},[44,10032,99],{"class":58},[981,10034,10036],{"id":10035},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[35,10038,10040],{"className":37,"code":10039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10041,10042,10072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10043,10044,10046,10048,10050,10052,10054,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064,10066,10068,10070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10045,616],{"class":50},[44,10047,55],{"class":54},[44,10049,9663],{"class":2248},[44,10051,120],{"class":58},[44,10053,67],{"class":9668},[44,10055,55],{"class":54},[44,10057,2197],{"class":62},[44,10059,5505],{"class":66},[44,10061,2197],{"class":62},[44,10063,83],{"class":58},[44,10065,9681],{"class":9668},[44,10067,55],{"class":54},[44,10069,9686],{"class":95},[44,10071,129],{"class":58},[44,10073,10074,10076,10078,10080],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10075,136],{"class":135},[44,10077,120],{"class":58},[44,10079,750],{"class":116},[44,10081,129],{"class":58},[20,10083,10084],{},[590,10085,2576],{},[35,10087,10089],{"className":37,"code":10088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,10090,10091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10092,10093,10095,10097,10099,10101,10103,10105,10107,10109,10111,10113,10115,10117,10119,10121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10094,9770],{"class":58},[44,10096,2197],{"class":62},[44,10098,67],{"class":66},[44,10100,2197],{"class":62},[44,10102,72],{"class":58},[44,10104,2232],{"class":62},[44,10106,5505],{"class":66},[44,10108,2197],{"class":62},[44,10110,83],{"class":58},[44,10112,2232],{"class":62},[44,10114,88],{"class":66},[44,10116,2197],{"class":62},[44,10118,72],{"class":58},[44,10120,96],{"class":95},[44,10122,99],{"class":58},[981,10124,10126],{"id":10125},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,10128,10129],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[35,10131,10133],{"className":37,"code":10132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10134,10135,10176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10136,10137,10139,10141,10143,10146,10148,10150,10152,10154,10156,10159,10161,10163,10165,10167,10170,10172,10174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10138,616],{"class":50},[44,10140,55],{"class":54},[44,10142,9663],{"class":2248},[44,10144,10145],{"class":58},"([(",[44,10147,2197],{"class":62},[44,10149,625],{"class":66},[44,10151,2197],{"class":62},[44,10153,83],{"class":58},[44,10155,1703],{"class":95},[44,10157,10158],{"class":58},")],",[44,10160,3063],{"class":9668},[44,10162,55],{"class":54},[44,10164,2561],{"class":95},[44,10166,83],{"class":58},[44,10168,10169],{"class":9668}," c",[44,10171,55],{"class":54},[44,10173,2567],{"class":95},[44,10175,129],{"class":58},[44,10177,10178,10180,10182,10184],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10179,136],{"class":135},[44,10181,120],{"class":58},[44,10183,750],{"class":116},[44,10185,129],{"class":58},[20,10187,10188],{},[590,10189,2576],{},[35,10191,10193],{"className":37,"code":10192,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,10194,10195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10196,10197,10199,10201,10203,10205,10207,10209,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10198,9770],{"class":58},[44,10200,2197],{"class":62},[44,10202,625],{"class":66},[44,10204,2197],{"class":62},[44,10206,72],{"class":58},[44,10208,1703],{"class":95},[44,10210,83],{"class":58},[44,10212,2232],{"class":62},[44,10214,639],{"class":66},[44,10216,2197],{"class":62},[44,10218,72],{"class":58},[44,10220,1717],{"class":95},[44,10222,83],{"class":58},[44,10224,2232],{"class":62},[44,10226,696],{"class":66},[44,10228,2197],{"class":62},[44,10230,72],{"class":58},[44,10232,2955],{"class":95},[44,10234,99],{"class":58},[30,10236,9890],{"id":10237},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,10239,227,10240,10242],{},[15,10241,9613],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[35,10244,10246],{"className":37,"code":10245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,10247,10248,10258,10272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10249,10250,10252,10254,10256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10251,616],{"class":50},[44,10253,55],{"class":54},[44,10255,9663],{"class":2248},[44,10257,9138],{"class":58},[44,10259,10260,10262,10264,10266,10268,10270],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10261,136],{"class":135},[44,10263,120],{"class":58},[44,10265,2249],{"class":2248},[44,10267,120],{"class":58},[44,10269,750],{"class":116},[44,10271,2239],{"class":58},[44,10273,10274,10276,10278,10280],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,10275,136],{"class":135},[44,10277,120],{"class":58},[44,10279,750],{"class":116},[44,10281,129],{"class":58},[20,10283,10284],{},[590,10285,2576],{},[35,10287,10289],{"className":37,"code":10288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,10290,10291,10305],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10292,10293,10295,10297,10299,10301,10303],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10294,3797],{"class":54},[44,10296,3800],{"class":2570},[44,10298,2232],{"class":62},[44,10300,9317],{"class":66},[44,10302,2197],{"class":62},[44,10304,3809],{"class":54},[44,10306,10307],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10308,9922],{"class":58},[20,10310,10311],{},"This gives the same result as:",[35,10313,10315],{"className":37,"code":10314,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n",[15,10316,10317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10318,10319,10321,10323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10320,616],{"class":50},[44,10322,55],{"class":54},[44,10324,10325],{"class":58}," {}\n",[20,10327,10328,10329,10331,10332,10335,10336,10338],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,10330,4296],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10333,10334],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,10337,9613],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[30,10340,10342],{"id":10341},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,10344,10345,10346,113],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10347,9613],{},[35,10349,10351],{"className":37,"code":10350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10352,10353,10391,10405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10354,10355,10357,10359,10361,10363,10365,10367,10369,10371,10373,10375,10377,10379,10381,10383,10385,10387,10389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10356,9707],{"class":50},[44,10358,55],{"class":54},[44,10360,9712],{"class":58},[44,10362,2197],{"class":62},[44,10364,67],{"class":66},[44,10366,2197],{"class":62},[44,10368,83],{"class":58},[44,10370,2232],{"class":62},[44,10372,5505],{"class":66},[44,10374,2197],{"class":62},[44,10376,9725],{"class":58},[44,10378,9728],{"class":58},[44,10380,2197],{"class":62},[44,10382,88],{"class":66},[44,10384,2197],{"class":62},[44,10386,83],{"class":58},[44,10388,96],{"class":95},[44,10390,9741],{"class":58},[44,10392,10393,10395,10397,10399,10401,10403],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10394,616],{"class":50},[44,10396,55],{"class":54},[44,10398,9663],{"class":2248},[44,10400,120],{"class":58},[44,10402,9754],{"class":116},[44,10404,129],{"class":58},[44,10406,10407,10409,10411,10413],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,10408,136],{"class":135},[44,10410,120],{"class":58},[44,10412,750],{"class":116},[44,10414,129],{"class":58},[20,10416,10417],{},[590,10418,2576],{},[35,10420,10421],{"className":37,"code":10088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10422,10423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10424,10425,10427,10429,10431,10433,10435,10437,10439,10441,10443,10445,10447,10449,10451,10453],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10426,9770],{"class":58},[44,10428,2197],{"class":62},[44,10430,67],{"class":66},[44,10432,2197],{"class":62},[44,10434,72],{"class":58},[44,10436,2232],{"class":62},[44,10438,5505],{"class":66},[44,10440,2197],{"class":62},[44,10442,83],{"class":58},[44,10444,2232],{"class":62},[44,10446,88],{"class":66},[44,10448,2197],{"class":62},[44,10450,72],{"class":58},[44,10452,96],{"class":95},[44,10454,99],{"class":58},[20,10456,10457],{},"Each pair becomes:",[252,10459,10460,10463],{},[255,10461,10462],{},"the first item as the key",[255,10464,10465],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10467,10468],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[35,10470,10472],{"className":37,"code":10471,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10473,10474,10509,10523],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10475,10476,10478,10480,10483,10485,10487,10489,10491,10493,10495,10497,10499,10501,10503,10505,10507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10477,9707],{"class":50},[44,10479,55],{"class":54},[44,10481,10482],{"class":58}," ((",[44,10484,2197],{"class":62},[44,10486,625],{"class":66},[44,10488,2197],{"class":62},[44,10490,83],{"class":58},[44,10492,1703],{"class":95},[44,10494,9725],{"class":58},[44,10496,9728],{"class":58},[44,10498,2197],{"class":62},[44,10500,639],{"class":66},[44,10502,2197],{"class":62},[44,10504,83],{"class":58},[44,10506,1717],{"class":95},[44,10508,2239],{"class":58},[44,10510,10511,10513,10515,10517,10519,10521],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10512,616],{"class":50},[44,10514,55],{"class":54},[44,10516,9663],{"class":2248},[44,10518,120],{"class":58},[44,10520,9754],{"class":116},[44,10522,129],{"class":58},[44,10524,10525,10527,10529,10531],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,10526,136],{"class":135},[44,10528,120],{"class":58},[44,10530,750],{"class":116},[44,10532,129],{"class":58},[20,10534,10535],{},[590,10536,2576],{},[35,10538,10539],{"className":37,"code":10002,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10540,10541],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10542,10543,10545,10547,10549,10551,10553,10555,10557,10559,10561,10563,10565,10567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10544,9770],{"class":58},[44,10546,2197],{"class":62},[44,10548,625],{"class":66},[44,10550,2197],{"class":62},[44,10552,72],{"class":58},[44,10554,1703],{"class":95},[44,10556,83],{"class":58},[44,10558,2232],{"class":62},[44,10560,639],{"class":66},[44,10562,2197],{"class":62},[44,10564,72],{"class":58},[44,10566,1717],{"class":95},[44,10568,99],{"class":58},[20,10570,10571,10572,113],{},"Each item must contain ",[590,10573,10574],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10576,3342],{},[35,10578,10580],{"className":37,"code":10579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10581,10582,10622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10583,10584,10587,10589,10591,10593,10595,10597,10599,10601,10603,10606,10608,10610,10612,10614,10616,10618,10620],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10585,10586],{"class":50},"bad_data ",[44,10588,55],{"class":54},[44,10590,9712],{"class":58},[44,10592,2197],{"class":62},[44,10594,625],{"class":66},[44,10596,2197],{"class":62},[44,10598,83],{"class":58},[44,10600,1703],{"class":95},[44,10602,83],{"class":58},[44,10604,10605],{"class":95}," 100",[44,10607,9725],{"class":58},[44,10609,9728],{"class":58},[44,10611,2197],{"class":62},[44,10613,639],{"class":66},[44,10615,2197],{"class":62},[44,10617,83],{"class":58},[44,10619,1717],{"class":95},[44,10621,9741],{"class":58},[44,10623,10624,10626,10628,10630,10632,10635],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10625,1953],{"class":50},[44,10627,55],{"class":54},[44,10629,9663],{"class":2248},[44,10631,120],{"class":58},[44,10633,10634],{"class":116},"bad_data",[44,10636,129],{"class":58},[20,10638,10639,10640,10643],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10641,10642],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10645,10646],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[35,10648,10650],{"className":37,"code":10649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10651,10652,10701,10715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10653,10654,10656,10658,10660,10662,10664,10666,10668,10670,10672,10674,10676,10678,10680,10682,10685,10687,10689,10691,10693,10695,10697,10699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10655,9707],{"class":50},[44,10657,55],{"class":54},[44,10659,9712],{"class":58},[44,10661,2197],{"class":62},[44,10663,625],{"class":66},[44,10665,2197],{"class":62},[44,10667,83],{"class":58},[44,10669,1703],{"class":95},[44,10671,9725],{"class":58},[44,10673,9728],{"class":58},[44,10675,2197],{"class":62},[44,10677,625],{"class":66},[44,10679,2197],{"class":62},[44,10681,83],{"class":58},[44,10683,10684],{"class":95}," 99",[44,10686,9725],{"class":58},[44,10688,9728],{"class":58},[44,10690,2197],{"class":62},[44,10692,639],{"class":66},[44,10694,2197],{"class":62},[44,10696,83],{"class":58},[44,10698,1717],{"class":95},[44,10700,9741],{"class":58},[44,10702,10703,10705,10707,10709,10711,10713],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10704,616],{"class":50},[44,10706,55],{"class":54},[44,10708,9663],{"class":2248},[44,10710,120],{"class":58},[44,10712,9754],{"class":116},[44,10714,129],{"class":58},[44,10716,10717,10719,10721,10723],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,10718,136],{"class":135},[44,10720,120],{"class":58},[44,10722,750],{"class":116},[44,10724,129],{"class":58},[20,10726,10727],{},[590,10728,2576],{},[35,10730,10732],{"className":37,"code":10731,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10733,10734],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10735,10736,10738,10740,10742,10744,10746,10748,10750,10752,10754,10756,10758,10760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10737,9770],{"class":58},[44,10739,2197],{"class":62},[44,10741,625],{"class":66},[44,10743,2197],{"class":62},[44,10745,72],{"class":58},[44,10747,10684],{"class":95},[44,10749,83],{"class":58},[44,10751,2232],{"class":62},[44,10753,639],{"class":66},[44,10755,2197],{"class":62},[44,10757,72],{"class":58},[44,10759,1717],{"class":95},[44,10761,99],{"class":58},[30,10763,10765],{"id":10764},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10767,10768],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[35,10770,10771],{"className":37,"code":10039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10772,10773,10803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10774,10775,10777,10779,10781,10783,10785,10787,10789,10791,10793,10795,10797,10799,10801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10776,616],{"class":50},[44,10778,55],{"class":54},[44,10780,9663],{"class":2248},[44,10782,120],{"class":58},[44,10784,67],{"class":9668},[44,10786,55],{"class":54},[44,10788,2197],{"class":62},[44,10790,5505],{"class":66},[44,10792,2197],{"class":62},[44,10794,83],{"class":58},[44,10796,9681],{"class":9668},[44,10798,55],{"class":54},[44,10800,9686],{"class":95},[44,10802,129],{"class":58},[44,10804,10805,10807,10809,10811],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10806,136],{"class":135},[44,10808,120],{"class":58},[44,10810,750],{"class":116},[44,10812,129],{"class":58},[20,10814,10815],{},[590,10816,2576],{},[35,10818,10819],{"className":37,"code":10088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10820,10821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10822,10823,10825,10827,10829,10831,10833,10835,10837,10839,10841,10843,10845,10847,10849,10851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10824,9770],{"class":58},[44,10826,2197],{"class":62},[44,10828,67],{"class":66},[44,10830,2197],{"class":62},[44,10832,72],{"class":58},[44,10834,2232],{"class":62},[44,10836,5505],{"class":66},[44,10838,2197],{"class":62},[44,10840,83],{"class":58},[44,10842,2232],{"class":62},[44,10844,88],{"class":66},[44,10846,2197],{"class":62},[44,10848,72],{"class":58},[44,10850,96],{"class":95},[44,10852,99],{"class":58},[20,10854,10855],{},"In this form:",[252,10857,10858,10866],{},[255,10859,10860,10862,10863],{},[15,10861,67],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10864,10865],{},"'name'",[255,10867,10868,10862,10870],{},[15,10869,88],{},[15,10871,10872],{},"'age'",[20,10874,10875],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10877,10878],{},"Valid examples:",[35,10880,10882],{"className":37,"code":10881,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10883,10884,10920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10885,10886,10888,10890,10892,10894,10896,10898,10900,10902,10904,10906,10909,10911,10913,10916,10918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10887,616],{"class":50},[44,10889,55],{"class":54},[44,10891,9663],{"class":2248},[44,10893,120],{"class":58},[44,10895,305],{"class":9668},[44,10897,55],{"class":54},[44,10899,2197],{"class":62},[44,10901,314],{"class":66},[44,10903,2197],{"class":62},[44,10905,83],{"class":58},[44,10907,10908],{"class":9668}," country",[44,10910,55],{"class":54},[44,10912,2197],{"class":62},[44,10914,10915],{"class":66},"France",[44,10917,2197],{"class":62},[44,10919,129],{"class":58},[44,10921,10922,10924,10926,10928],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10923,136],{"class":135},[44,10925,120],{"class":58},[44,10927,750],{"class":116},[44,10929,129],{"class":58},[20,10931,10932],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[252,10934,10935,10938,10941],{},[255,10936,10937],{},"spaces",[255,10939,10940],{},"hyphens",[255,10942,10943],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10945,10946,10947,10950],{},"For example, this is ",[590,10948,10949],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[35,10952,10954],{"className":37,"code":10953,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10955,10956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10957,10958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10959,10953],{"class":147},[20,10961,10962],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[35,10964,10966],{"className":37,"code":10965,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10967,10968,11010],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10969,10970,10972,10974,10976,10978,10981,10983,10985,10987,10989,10991,10993,10995,10998,11000,11002,11004,11006,11008],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10971,616],{"class":50},[44,10973,55],{"class":54},[44,10975,59],{"class":58},[44,10977,2197],{"class":62},[44,10979,10980],{"class":66},"first-name",[44,10982,2197],{"class":62},[44,10984,72],{"class":58},[44,10986,2232],{"class":62},[44,10988,8173],{"class":66},[44,10990,2197],{"class":62},[44,10992,83],{"class":58},[44,10994,2232],{"class":62},[44,10996,10997],{"class":66},"first name",[44,10999,2197],{"class":62},[44,11001,72],{"class":58},[44,11003,2232],{"class":62},[44,11005,8173],{"class":66},[44,11007,2197],{"class":62},[44,11009,99],{"class":58},[44,11011,11012,11014,11016,11018],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11013,136],{"class":135},[44,11015,120],{"class":58},[44,11017,750],{"class":116},[44,11019,129],{"class":58},[20,11021,11022],{},[590,11023,2576],{},[35,11025,11027],{"className":37,"code":11026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,11028,11029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11030,11031,11033,11035,11037,11039,11041,11043,11045,11047,11049,11051,11053,11055,11057,11059,11061,11063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11032,9770],{"class":58},[44,11034,2197],{"class":62},[44,11036,10980],{"class":66},[44,11038,2197],{"class":62},[44,11040,72],{"class":58},[44,11042,2232],{"class":62},[44,11044,8173],{"class":66},[44,11046,2197],{"class":62},[44,11048,83],{"class":58},[44,11050,2232],{"class":62},[44,11052,10997],{"class":66},[44,11054,2197],{"class":62},[44,11056,72],{"class":58},[44,11058,2232],{"class":62},[44,11060,8173],{"class":66},[44,11062,2197],{"class":62},[44,11064,99],{"class":58},[30,11066,11068,967,11070],{"id":11067},"dict-vs",[15,11069,9613],{},[15,11071,4296],{},[20,11073,973,11074,976,11076,11078],{},[15,11075,9613],{},[15,11077,4296],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[981,11080,227,11082,776],{"id":11081},"use-when",[15,11083,4296],{},[252,11085,11086,11089],{},[255,11087,11088],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[255,11090,11091],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[35,11093,11094],{"className":37,"code":10314,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,11095,11096],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11097,11098,11100,11102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11099,616],{"class":50},[44,11101,55],{"class":54},[44,11103,10325],{"class":58},[981,11105,227,11107,776],{"id":11106},"use-dict-when",[15,11108,9613],{},[252,11110,11111,11114,11117],{},[255,11112,11113],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[255,11115,11116],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[255,11118,11119],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[35,11121,11123],{"className":37,"code":11122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,11124,11125,11162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11126,11127,11129,11131,11133,11135,11137,11139,11141,11143,11145,11147,11149,11151,11153,11155,11157,11159],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11128,616],{"class":50},[44,11130,55],{"class":54},[44,11132,9663],{"class":2248},[44,11134,10145],{"class":58},[44,11136,2197],{"class":62},[44,11138,625],{"class":66},[44,11140,2197],{"class":62},[44,11142,83],{"class":58},[44,11144,1703],{"class":95},[44,11146,9725],{"class":58},[44,11148,9728],{"class":58},[44,11150,2197],{"class":62},[44,11152,639],{"class":66},[44,11154,2197],{"class":62},[44,11156,83],{"class":58},[44,11158,1717],{"class":95},[44,11160,11161],{"class":58},")])\n",[44,11163,11164,11167,11169,11171,11173,11175,11177,11179,11181,11183,11185,11187,11189,11191],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11165,11166],{"class":50},"info ",[44,11168,55],{"class":54},[44,11170,9663],{"class":2248},[44,11172,120],{"class":58},[44,11174,67],{"class":9668},[44,11176,55],{"class":54},[44,11178,2197],{"class":62},[44,11180,5505],{"class":66},[44,11182,2197],{"class":62},[44,11184,83],{"class":58},[44,11186,9681],{"class":9668},[44,11188,55],{"class":54},[44,11190,9686],{"class":95},[44,11192,129],{"class":58},[20,11194,11195],{},"So:",[252,11197,11198,11203],{},[255,11199,11200,11202],{},[15,11201,4296],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[255,11204,11205,11207],{},[15,11206,9613],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,11209,11210,11211,11215,11216,113],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[625,11212,11214],{"href":11213},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[625,11217,11218,11219,11221],{"href":761},"Python dictionary ",[15,11220,1422],{}," method",[30,11223,11225],{"id":11224},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,11227,11228,11229,113],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,11230,9613],{},[981,11232,11234],{"id":11233},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,11236,5028],{},[35,11238,11240],{"className":37,"code":11239,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,11241,11242,11266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11243,11244,11246,11248,11250,11252,11254,11256,11258,11260,11262,11264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11245,8276],{"class":50},[44,11247,55],{"class":54},[44,11249,1556],{"class":58},[44,11251,2197],{"class":62},[44,11253,625],{"class":66},[44,11255,2197],{"class":62},[44,11257,83],{"class":58},[44,11259,2232],{"class":62},[44,11261,639],{"class":66},[44,11263,2197],{"class":62},[44,11265,1153],{"class":58},[44,11267,11268,11270,11272,11274,11276,11278],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11269,616],{"class":50},[44,11271,55],{"class":54},[44,11273,9663],{"class":2248},[44,11275,120],{"class":58},[44,11277,8305],{"class":116},[44,11279,129],{"class":58},[20,11281,11282,11283,113],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,11284,11285],{},"('a', 1)",[20,11287,11288],{},"Correct version:",[35,11290,11292],{"className":37,"code":11291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,11293,11294,11328,11342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11295,11296,11298,11300,11302,11304,11306,11308,11310,11312,11314,11316,11318,11320,11322,11324,11326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11297,8276],{"class":50},[44,11299,55],{"class":54},[44,11301,9712],{"class":58},[44,11303,2197],{"class":62},[44,11305,625],{"class":66},[44,11307,2197],{"class":62},[44,11309,83],{"class":58},[44,11311,1703],{"class":95},[44,11313,9725],{"class":58},[44,11315,9728],{"class":58},[44,11317,2197],{"class":62},[44,11319,639],{"class":66},[44,11321,2197],{"class":62},[44,11323,83],{"class":58},[44,11325,1717],{"class":95},[44,11327,9741],{"class":58},[44,11329,11330,11332,11334,11336,11338,11340],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11331,616],{"class":50},[44,11333,55],{"class":54},[44,11335,9663],{"class":2248},[44,11337,120],{"class":58},[44,11339,8305],{"class":116},[44,11341,129],{"class":58},[44,11343,11344,11346,11348,11350],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,11345,136],{"class":135},[44,11347,120],{"class":58},[44,11349,750],{"class":116},[44,11351,129],{"class":58},[981,11353,11355],{"id":11354},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11357,11358],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[35,11360,11362],{"className":37,"code":11361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11363,11364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11365,11366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11367,11361],{"class":147},[20,11369,11370,11371,72],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11372,55],{},[35,11374,11376],{"className":37,"code":11375,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11377,11378,11400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11379,11380,11382,11384,11386,11388,11390,11392,11394,11396,11398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11381,616],{"class":50},[44,11383,55],{"class":54},[44,11385,9663],{"class":2248},[44,11387,120],{"class":58},[44,11389,67],{"class":9668},[44,11391,55],{"class":54},[44,11393,2197],{"class":62},[44,11395,5505],{"class":66},[44,11397,2197],{"class":62},[44,11399,129],{"class":58},[44,11401,11402,11404,11406,11408],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11403,136],{"class":135},[44,11405,120],{"class":58},[44,11407,750],{"class":116},[44,11409,129],{"class":58},[981,11411,11413],{"id":11412},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11415,11416],{},"This will not work:",[35,11418,11419],{"className":37,"code":10953,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,11420,11421],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11422,11423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11424,10953],{"class":147},[20,11426,11427],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[35,11429,11431],{"className":37,"code":11430,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11432,11433,11457],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11434,11435,11437,11439,11441,11443,11445,11447,11449,11451,11453,11455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11436,616],{"class":50},[44,11438,55],{"class":54},[44,11440,59],{"class":58},[44,11442,2197],{"class":62},[44,11444,10980],{"class":66},[44,11446,2197],{"class":62},[44,11448,72],{"class":58},[44,11450,2232],{"class":62},[44,11452,8173],{"class":66},[44,11454,2197],{"class":62},[44,11456,99],{"class":58},[44,11458,11459,11461,11463,11465],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11460,136],{"class":135},[44,11462,120],{"class":58},[44,11464,750],{"class":116},[44,11466,129],{"class":58},[981,11468,11470],{"id":11469},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11472,11473],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[35,11475,11477],{"className":37,"code":11476,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11478,11479,11515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11480,11481,11483,11485,11487,11489,11491,11493,11495,11497,11499,11501,11503,11505,11507,11509,11511,11513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11482,616],{"class":50},[44,11484,55],{"class":54},[44,11486,9663],{"class":2248},[44,11488,10145],{"class":58},[44,11490,2197],{"class":62},[44,11492,1696],{"class":66},[44,11494,2197],{"class":62},[44,11496,83],{"class":58},[44,11498,1703],{"class":95},[44,11500,9725],{"class":58},[44,11502,9728],{"class":58},[44,11504,2197],{"class":62},[44,11506,1696],{"class":66},[44,11508,2197],{"class":62},[44,11510,83],{"class":58},[44,11512,1717],{"class":95},[44,11514,11161],{"class":58},[44,11516,11517,11519,11521,11523],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11518,136],{"class":135},[44,11520,120],{"class":58},[44,11522,750],{"class":116},[44,11524,129],{"class":58},[20,11526,11527],{},[590,11528,2576],{},[35,11530,11532],{"className":37,"code":11531,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11533,11534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11535,11536,11538,11540,11542,11544,11546,11548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11537,9770],{"class":58},[44,11539,2197],{"class":62},[44,11541,1696],{"class":66},[44,11543,2197],{"class":62},[44,11545,72],{"class":58},[44,11547,1717],{"class":95},[44,11549,99],{"class":58},[20,11551,11552,11553,113],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[625,11554,11555],{"href":1521},"KeyError in Python",[30,11557,3335],{"id":3334},[20,11559,11560,11561,11563],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11562,9613],{}," include:",[252,11565,11566,11575,11581,11584],{},[255,11567,11568,11569,2037,11572],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11570,11571],{},"['a', 'b']",[15,11573,11574],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[255,11576,11577,11578],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11579,11580],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[255,11582,11583],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[255,11585,11586,11587,11589],{},"confusing ",[15,11588,9613],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11591,11592],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[35,11594,11596],{"className":37,"code":11595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11597,11598,11612,11622,11633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11599,11600,11602,11604,11606,11608,11610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11601,136],{"class":135},[44,11603,120],{"class":58},[44,11605,2249],{"class":2248},[44,11607,120],{"class":58},[44,11609,750],{"class":116},[44,11611,2239],{"class":58},[44,11613,11614,11616,11618,11620],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11615,136],{"class":135},[44,11617,120],{"class":58},[44,11619,750],{"class":116},[44,11621,129],{"class":58},[44,11623,11624,11626,11628,11631],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,11625,136],{"class":135},[44,11627,120],{"class":58},[44,11629,11630],{"class":116},"list_of_pairs",[44,11632,129],{"class":58},[44,11634,11635,11637,11639,11642,11644,11646],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,11636,136],{"class":135},[44,11638,120],{"class":58},[44,11640,11641],{"class":135},"len",[44,11643,120],{"class":58},[44,11645,11630],{"class":116},[44,11647,2239],{"class":58},[20,11649,11650],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[252,11652,11653,11656,11659],{},[255,11654,11655],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[255,11657,11658],{},"what data is being passed in",[255,11660,11661],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[30,11663,2301],{"id":2300},[981,11665,2358,11667,976,11669,2363],{"id":11666},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11668,9613],{},[15,11670,4296],{},[20,11672,11673,11675,11676,11678],{},[15,11674,4296],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11677,9613],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[981,11680,5671,11682,11684],{"id":11681},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11683,9613],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11686,11687,11688,113],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11689,11574],{},[981,11691,5659,11693,11696],{"id":11692},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11694,11695],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11698,11699],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[981,11701,11703,11704,11706],{"id":11702},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11705,9613],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11708,11709,11710,11713],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11711,11712],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[30,11715,2375],{"id":2374},[252,11717,11718,11723,11727,11732,11738],{},[255,11719,11720],{},[625,11721,11722],{"href":2296},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[255,11724,11725],{},[625,11726,9649],{"href":9648},[255,11728,11729],{},[625,11730,11731],{"href":11213},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[255,11733,11734],{},[625,11735,11218,11736,11221],{"href":761},[15,11737,1422],{},[255,11739,11740],{},[625,11741,1522],{"href":1521},[2414,11743,11744],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":11746},[11747,11749,11755,11756,11757,11758,11765,11771,11772,11782],{"id":9834,"depth":102,"text":11748},"What dict() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392,"children":11750},[11751,11752,11753,11754],{"id":9889,"depth":132,"text":9890},{"id":9931,"depth":132,"text":9932},{"id":10035,"depth":132,"text":10036},{"id":10125,"depth":132,"text":10126},{"id":10237,"depth":102,"text":9890},{"id":10341,"depth":102,"text":10342},{"id":10764,"depth":102,"text":10765},{"id":11067,"depth":102,"text":11759,"children":11760},"dict() vs {}",[11761,11763],{"id":11081,"depth":132,"text":11762},"Use {} when:",{"id":11106,"depth":132,"text":11764},"Use dict() when:",{"id":11224,"depth":102,"text":11225,"children":11766},[11767,11768,11769,11770],{"id":11233,"depth":132,"text":11234},{"id":11354,"depth":132,"text":11355},{"id":11412,"depth":132,"text":11413},{"id":11469,"depth":132,"text":11470},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":11773},[11774,11776,11778,11780],{"id":11666,"depth":132,"text":11775},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11681,"depth":132,"text":11777},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11692,"depth":132,"text":11779},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11702,"depth":132,"text":11781},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9605,"description":11783},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11790,"title":11791,"body":11792,"description":13285,"extension":2465,"meta":13286,"navigation":169,"path":13287,"seo":13288,"stem":13289,"__hash__":13290},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11793,"toc":13254},[11794,11800,11806,11813,11815,11876,11881,11886,11891,11909,11912,11916,11918,11933,11936,11949,11953,11956,12087,12089,12156,12159,12175,12181,12187,12190,12269,12271,12285,12289,12295,12360,12362,12370,12373,12396,12402,12465,12471,12474,12488,12501,12505,12516,12521,12532,12539,12543,12549,12671,12673,12699,12702,12719,12722,12833,12835,12884,12886,12899,12908,12913,12918,12929,12931,13034,13053,13055,13059,13078,13081,13139,13142,13166,13168,13174,13177,13183,13187,13194,13202,13208,13211,13213,13251],[10,11795,13,11797,18],{"id":11796},"python-dictionary-clear-method",[15,11798,11799],{},"clear()",[20,11801,11802,11805],{},[15,11803,11804],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11807,11808,11809,11812],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[590,11810,11811],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[30,11814,2507],{"id":2506},[35,11816,11818],{"className":37,"code":11817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11819,11820,11852,11863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11821,11822,11824,11826,11828,11830,11832,11834,11836,11838,11840,11842,11844,11846,11848,11850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11823,616],{"class":50},[44,11825,55],{"class":54},[44,11827,59],{"class":58},[44,11829,63],{"class":62},[44,11831,625],{"class":66},[44,11833,63],{"class":62},[44,11835,72],{"class":58},[44,11837,1703],{"class":95},[44,11839,83],{"class":58},[44,11841,75],{"class":62},[44,11843,639],{"class":66},[44,11845,63],{"class":62},[44,11847,72],{"class":58},[44,11849,1717],{"class":95},[44,11851,99],{"class":58},[44,11853,11854,11856,11858,11861],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11855,750],{"class":50},[44,11857,113],{"class":58},[44,11859,11860],{"class":116},"clear",[44,11862,9138],{"class":58},[44,11864,11865,11867,11869,11871,11873],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,11866,136],{"class":135},[44,11868,120],{"class":58},[44,11870,750],{"class":116},[44,11872,144],{"class":58},[44,11874,11875],{"class":147},"  # {}\n",[20,11877,11878,11880],{},[15,11879,11799],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[30,11882,243,11884,246],{"id":11883},"what-clear-does",[15,11885,11799],{},[20,11887,2482,11888,11890],{},[15,11889,11799],{}," method:",[252,11892,11893,11896,11899,11904],{},[255,11894,11895],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[255,11897,11898],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[255,11900,11901,11902],{},"Returns ",[15,11903,4282],{},[255,11905,11906,11907],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11908,4296],{},[20,11910,11911],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11913,9645,11914,113],{},[625,11915,9649],{"href":9648},[30,11917,392],{"id":391},[35,11919,11921],{"className":37,"code":11920,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11922,11923],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11924,11925,11927,11929,11931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11926,405],{"class":50},[44,11928,113],{"class":58},[44,11930,11860],{"class":116},[44,11932,9138],{"class":58},[20,11934,11935],{},"Important points:",[252,11937,11938,11943,11946],{},[255,11939,11940,11942],{},[15,11941,11799],{}," takes no arguments",[255,11944,11945],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[255,11947,11948],{},"It empties that dictionary",[30,11950,11952],{"id":11951},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11954,11955],{},"Here is a basic example:",[35,11957,11959],{"className":37,"code":11958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11960,11961,11970,11991,12005,12022,12026,12030,12049,12053,12063,12067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11962,11963,11965,11967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11964,279],{"class":50},[44,11966,55],{"class":54},[44,11968,11969],{"class":58}," {\n",[44,11971,11972,11975,11977,11979,11981,11983,11986,11988],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11973,11974],{"class":62},"    \"",[44,11976,67],{"class":66},[44,11978,63],{"class":62},[44,11980,72],{"class":58},[44,11982,75],{"class":62},[44,11984,11985],{"class":66},"Maya",[44,11987,63],{"class":62},[44,11989,11990],{"class":58},",\n",[44,11992,11993,11995,11997,11999,12001,12003],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,11994,11974],{"class":62},[44,11996,88],{"class":66},[44,11998,63],{"class":62},[44,12000,72],{"class":58},[44,12002,96],{"class":95},[44,12004,11990],{"class":58},[44,12006,12007,12009,12011,12013,12015,12017,12020],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,12008,11974],{"class":62},[44,12010,305],{"class":66},[44,12012,63],{"class":62},[44,12014,72],{"class":58},[44,12016,75],{"class":62},[44,12018,12019],{"class":66},"Berlin",[44,12021,3865],{"class":62},[44,12023,12024],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,12025,99],{"class":58},[44,12027,12028],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,12029,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,12031,12032,12034,12036,12038,12041,12043,12045,12047],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,12033,136],{"class":135},[44,12035,120],{"class":58},[44,12037,63],{"class":62},[44,12039,12040],{"class":66},"Before:",[44,12042,63],{"class":62},[44,12044,83],{"class":58},[44,12046,332],{"class":116},[44,12048,129],{"class":58},[44,12050,12051],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,12052,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,12054,12055,12057,12059,12061],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,12056,373],{"class":50},[44,12058,113],{"class":58},[44,12060,11860],{"class":116},[44,12062,9138],{"class":58},[44,12064,12065],{"class":46,"line":6935},[44,12066,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,12068,12070,12072,12074,12076,12079,12081,12083,12085],{"class":46,"line":12069},11,[44,12071,136],{"class":135},[44,12073,120],{"class":58},[44,12075,63],{"class":62},[44,12077,12078],{"class":66},"After:",[44,12080,63],{"class":62},[44,12082,83],{"class":58},[44,12084,332],{"class":116},[44,12086,129],{"class":58},[20,12088,6060],{},[35,12090,12092],{"className":37,"code":12091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,12093,12094,12147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12095,12096,12099,12101,12103,12105,12107,12109,12111,12113,12115,12117,12119,12121,12123,12125,12127,12129,12131,12133,12135,12137,12139,12141,12143,12145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12097,12098],{"class":50},"Before",[44,12100,72],{"class":58},[44,12102,59],{"class":58},[44,12104,2197],{"class":62},[44,12106,67],{"class":66},[44,12108,2197],{"class":62},[44,12110,72],{"class":58},[44,12112,2232],{"class":62},[44,12114,11985],{"class":66},[44,12116,2197],{"class":62},[44,12118,83],{"class":58},[44,12120,2232],{"class":62},[44,12122,88],{"class":66},[44,12124,2197],{"class":62},[44,12126,72],{"class":58},[44,12128,96],{"class":95},[44,12130,83],{"class":58},[44,12132,2232],{"class":62},[44,12134,305],{"class":66},[44,12136,2197],{"class":62},[44,12138,72],{"class":58},[44,12140,2232],{"class":62},[44,12142,12019],{"class":66},[44,12144,2197],{"class":62},[44,12146,99],{"class":58},[44,12148,12149,12152,12154],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12150,12151],{"class":50},"After",[44,12153,72],{"class":58},[44,12155,10325],{"class":58},[20,12157,12158],{},"What happens here:",[252,12160,12161,12166,12172],{},[255,12162,12163,12165],{},[15,12164,373],{}," starts with three items",[255,12167,12168,12171],{},[15,12169,12170],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[255,12173,12174],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[30,12176,243,12178,12180],{"id":12177},"what-clear-returns",[15,12179,11799],{}," returns",[20,12182,12183,2901,12185,113],{},[15,12184,11799],{},[15,12186,4282],{},[20,12188,12189],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[35,12191,12193],{"className":37,"code":12192,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12194,12195,12227,12231,12245,12249,12259],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12196,12197,12199,12201,12203,12205,12207,12209,12211,12213,12215,12217,12219,12221,12223,12225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12198,1214],{"class":50},[44,12200,55],{"class":54},[44,12202,59],{"class":58},[44,12204,63],{"class":62},[44,12206,1696],{"class":66},[44,12208,63],{"class":62},[44,12210,72],{"class":58},[44,12212,1703],{"class":95},[44,12214,83],{"class":58},[44,12216,75],{"class":62},[44,12218,1710],{"class":66},[44,12220,63],{"class":62},[44,12222,72],{"class":58},[44,12224,1717],{"class":95},[44,12226,99],{"class":58},[44,12228,12229],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12230,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,12232,12233,12235,12237,12239,12241,12243],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,12234,1953],{"class":50},[44,12236,55],{"class":54},[44,12238,1249],{"class":50},[44,12240,113],{"class":58},[44,12242,11860],{"class":116},[44,12244,9138],{"class":58},[44,12246,12247],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,12248,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,12250,12251,12253,12255,12257],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,12252,136],{"class":135},[44,12254,120],{"class":58},[44,12256,1984],{"class":116},[44,12258,129],{"class":58},[44,12260,12261,12263,12265,12267],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,12262,136],{"class":135},[44,12264,120],{"class":58},[44,12266,405],{"class":116},[44,12268,129],{"class":58},[20,12270,2576],{},[35,12272,12274],{"className":37,"code":12273,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n{}\n",[15,12275,12276,12281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12277,12278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12279,12280],{"class":1266},"None\n",[44,12282,12283],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12284,9922],{"class":58},[981,12286,12288],{"id":12287},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,12290,12291,12292,12294],{},"Do ",[590,12293,592],{}," do this:",[35,12296,12298],{"className":37,"code":12297,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12299,12300,12332,12346,12350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12301,12302,12304,12306,12308,12310,12312,12314,12316,12318,12320,12322,12324,12326,12328,12330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12303,1214],{"class":50},[44,12305,55],{"class":54},[44,12307,59],{"class":58},[44,12309,63],{"class":62},[44,12311,1696],{"class":66},[44,12313,63],{"class":62},[44,12315,72],{"class":58},[44,12317,1703],{"class":95},[44,12319,83],{"class":58},[44,12321,75],{"class":62},[44,12323,1710],{"class":66},[44,12325,63],{"class":62},[44,12327,72],{"class":58},[44,12329,1717],{"class":95},[44,12331,99],{"class":58},[44,12333,12334,12336,12338,12340,12342,12344],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12335,1214],{"class":50},[44,12337,55],{"class":54},[44,12339,1249],{"class":50},[44,12341,113],{"class":58},[44,12343,11860],{"class":116},[44,12345,9138],{"class":58},[44,12347,12348],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,12349,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,12351,12352,12354,12356,12358],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,12353,136],{"class":135},[44,12355,120],{"class":58},[44,12357,405],{"class":116},[44,12359,129],{"class":58},[20,12361,2576],{},[35,12363,12364],{"className":37,"code":12280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,12365,12366],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12367,12368],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12369,12280],{"class":1266},[20,12371,12372],{},"Why this happens:",[252,12374,12375,12381,12386],{},[255,12376,12377,12380],{},[15,12378,12379],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[255,12382,12383,12384],{},"The method returns ",[15,12385,4282],{},[255,12387,12388,12389,12392,12393,12395],{},"Then ",[15,12390,12391],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12394,4282],{}," in the variable",[20,12397,12398,12399,12401],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12400,11799],{}," by itself:",[35,12403,12405],{"className":37,"code":12404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12406,12407,12439,12449,12453],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12408,12409,12411,12413,12415,12417,12419,12421,12423,12425,12427,12429,12431,12433,12435,12437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12410,1214],{"class":50},[44,12412,55],{"class":54},[44,12414,59],{"class":58},[44,12416,63],{"class":62},[44,12418,1696],{"class":66},[44,12420,63],{"class":62},[44,12422,72],{"class":58},[44,12424,1703],{"class":95},[44,12426,83],{"class":58},[44,12428,75],{"class":62},[44,12430,1710],{"class":66},[44,12432,63],{"class":62},[44,12434,72],{"class":58},[44,12436,1717],{"class":95},[44,12438,99],{"class":58},[44,12440,12441,12443,12445,12447],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12442,405],{"class":50},[44,12444,113],{"class":58},[44,12446,11860],{"class":116},[44,12448,9138],{"class":58},[44,12450,12451],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,12452,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,12454,12455,12457,12459,12461,12463],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,12456,136],{"class":135},[44,12458,120],{"class":58},[44,12460,405],{"class":116},[44,12462,144],{"class":58},[44,12464,11875],{"class":147},[30,12466,12468,12470],{"id":12467},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12469,11799],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12472,12473],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[35,12475,12476],{"className":37,"code":11920,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,12477,12478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12479,12480,12482,12484,12486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12481,405],{"class":50},[44,12483,113],{"class":58},[44,12485,11860],{"class":116},[44,12487,9138],{"class":58},[35,12489,12491],{"className":37,"code":12490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12492,12493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12494,12495,12497,12499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12496,1214],{"class":50},[44,12498,55],{"class":54},[44,12500,10325],{"class":58},[981,12502,12503],{"id":11860},[15,12504,11799],{},[252,12506,12507,12510,12513],{},[255,12508,12509],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[255,12511,12512],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[255,12514,12515],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[981,12517,12518],{"id":405},[15,12519,12520],{},"my_dict = {}",[252,12522,12523,12526,12529],{},[255,12524,12525],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[255,12527,12528],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[255,12530,12531],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12533,12534,12535,113],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[625,12536,12538],{"href":12537},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[30,12540,12542],{"id":12541},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12544,12545,12546,12548],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12547,11799],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[35,12550,12552],{"className":37,"code":12551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12553,12554,12587,12597,12601,12612,12616,12636,12656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12555,12556,12559,12561,12563,12565,12567,12569,12571,12573,12575,12577,12579,12581,12583,12585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12557,12558],{"class":50},"original ",[44,12560,55],{"class":54},[44,12562,59],{"class":58},[44,12564,63],{"class":62},[44,12566,625],{"class":66},[44,12568,63],{"class":62},[44,12570,72],{"class":58},[44,12572,1703],{"class":95},[44,12574,83],{"class":58},[44,12576,75],{"class":62},[44,12578,639],{"class":66},[44,12580,63],{"class":62},[44,12582,72],{"class":58},[44,12584,1717],{"class":95},[44,12586,99],{"class":58},[44,12588,12589,12592,12594],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12590,12591],{"class":50},"other_ref ",[44,12593,55],{"class":54},[44,12595,12596],{"class":50}," original\n",[44,12598,12599],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,12600,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,12602,12603,12606,12608,12610],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,12604,12605],{"class":50},"original",[44,12607,113],{"class":58},[44,12609,11860],{"class":116},[44,12611,9138],{"class":58},[44,12613,12614],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,12615,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,12617,12618,12620,12622,12624,12627,12629,12631,12634],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,12619,136],{"class":135},[44,12621,120],{"class":58},[44,12623,63],{"class":62},[44,12625,12626],{"class":66},"original:",[44,12628,63],{"class":62},[44,12630,83],{"class":58},[44,12632,12633],{"class":116}," original",[44,12635,129],{"class":58},[44,12637,12638,12640,12642,12644,12647,12649,12651,12654],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,12639,136],{"class":135},[44,12641,120],{"class":58},[44,12643,63],{"class":62},[44,12645,12646],{"class":66},"other_ref:",[44,12648,63],{"class":62},[44,12650,83],{"class":58},[44,12652,12653],{"class":116}," other_ref",[44,12655,129],{"class":58},[44,12657,12658,12660,12662,12664,12667,12669],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,12659,136],{"class":135},[44,12661,120],{"class":58},[44,12663,12558],{"class":116},[44,12665,12666],{"class":1140},"is",[44,12668,12653],{"class":116},[44,12670,129],{"class":58},[20,12672,2576],{},[35,12674,12676],{"className":37,"code":12675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12677,12678,12686,12695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12679,12680,12682,12684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12681,12605],{"class":50},[44,12683,72],{"class":58},[44,12685,10325],{"class":58},[44,12687,12688,12691,12693],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12689,12690],{"class":50},"other_ref",[44,12692,72],{"class":58},[44,12694,10325],{"class":58},[44,12696,12697],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,12698,4482],{"class":1266},[20,12700,12701],{},"This shows:",[252,12703,12704,12711,12716],{},[255,12705,12706,976,12708,12710],{},[15,12707,12605],{},[15,12709,12690],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[255,12712,12713,12715],{},[15,12714,11799],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[255,12717,12718],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12720,12721],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[35,12723,12725],{"className":37,"code":12724,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12726,12727,12759,12767,12771,12779,12783,12801,12819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12728,12729,12731,12733,12735,12737,12739,12741,12743,12745,12747,12749,12751,12753,12755,12757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12730,12558],{"class":50},[44,12732,55],{"class":54},[44,12734,59],{"class":58},[44,12736,63],{"class":62},[44,12738,625],{"class":66},[44,12740,63],{"class":62},[44,12742,72],{"class":58},[44,12744,1703],{"class":95},[44,12746,83],{"class":58},[44,12748,75],{"class":62},[44,12750,639],{"class":66},[44,12752,63],{"class":62},[44,12754,72],{"class":58},[44,12756,1717],{"class":95},[44,12758,99],{"class":58},[44,12760,12761,12763,12765],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12762,12591],{"class":50},[44,12764,55],{"class":54},[44,12766,12596],{"class":50},[44,12768,12769],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,12770,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,12772,12773,12775,12777],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,12774,12558],{"class":50},[44,12776,55],{"class":54},[44,12778,10325],{"class":58},[44,12780,12781],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,12782,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,12784,12785,12787,12789,12791,12793,12795,12797,12799],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,12786,136],{"class":135},[44,12788,120],{"class":58},[44,12790,63],{"class":62},[44,12792,12626],{"class":66},[44,12794,63],{"class":62},[44,12796,83],{"class":58},[44,12798,12633],{"class":116},[44,12800,129],{"class":58},[44,12802,12803,12805,12807,12809,12811,12813,12815,12817],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,12804,136],{"class":135},[44,12806,120],{"class":58},[44,12808,63],{"class":62},[44,12810,12646],{"class":66},[44,12812,63],{"class":62},[44,12814,83],{"class":58},[44,12816,12653],{"class":116},[44,12818,129],{"class":58},[44,12820,12821,12823,12825,12827,12829,12831],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,12822,136],{"class":135},[44,12824,120],{"class":58},[44,12826,12558],{"class":116},[44,12828,12666],{"class":1140},[44,12830,12653],{"class":116},[44,12832,129],{"class":58},[20,12834,2576],{},[35,12836,12838],{"className":37,"code":12837,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12839,12840,12848,12880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12841,12842,12844,12846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12843,12605],{"class":50},[44,12845,72],{"class":58},[44,12847,10325],{"class":58},[44,12849,12850,12852,12854,12856,12858,12860,12862,12864,12866,12868,12870,12872,12874,12876,12878],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12851,12690],{"class":50},[44,12853,72],{"class":58},[44,12855,59],{"class":58},[44,12857,2197],{"class":62},[44,12859,625],{"class":66},[44,12861,2197],{"class":62},[44,12863,72],{"class":58},[44,12865,1703],{"class":95},[44,12867,83],{"class":58},[44,12869,2232],{"class":62},[44,12871,639],{"class":66},[44,12873,2197],{"class":62},[44,12875,72],{"class":58},[44,12877,1717],{"class":95},[44,12879,99],{"class":58},[44,12881,12882],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,12883,4543],{"class":1266},[20,12885,2684],{},[252,12887,12888,12894],{},[255,12889,12890,12893],{},[15,12891,12892],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[255,12895,12896,12898],{},[15,12897,12690],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12900,12901,12902,113],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[625,12903,12905],{"href":12904},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12906,12907],{},"dict.copy()",[30,12909,769,12911],{"id":12910},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12912,11799],{},[20,12914,12915,12917],{},[15,12916,11799],{}," is useful when you want to:",[252,12919,12920,12923,12926],{},[255,12921,12922],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[255,12924,12925],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[255,12927,12928],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12930,269],{},[35,12932,12934],{"className":37,"code":12933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12935,12936,12945,12961,12981,12994,12998,13002,13007,13018,13022],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12937,12938,12941,12943],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12939,12940],{"class":50},"session_data ",[44,12942,55],{"class":54},[44,12944,11969],{"class":58},[44,12946,12947,12949,12952,12954,12956,12959],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12948,11974],{"class":62},[44,12950,12951],{"class":66},"user_id",[44,12953,63],{"class":62},[44,12955,72],{"class":58},[44,12957,12958],{"class":95}," 101",[44,12960,11990],{"class":58},[44,12962,12963,12965,12968,12970,12972,12974,12977,12979],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,12964,11974],{"class":62},[44,12966,12967],{"class":66},"theme",[44,12969,63],{"class":62},[44,12971,72],{"class":58},[44,12973,75],{"class":62},[44,12975,12976],{"class":66},"dark",[44,12978,63],{"class":62},[44,12980,11990],{"class":58},[44,12982,12983,12985,12988,12990,12992],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,12984,11974],{"class":62},[44,12986,12987],{"class":66},"logged_in",[44,12989,63],{"class":62},[44,12991,72],{"class":58},[44,12993,6923],{"class":1266},[44,12995,12996],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,12997,99],{"class":58},[44,12999,13000],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,13001,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,13003,13004],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,13005,13006],{"class":147},"# Reset for a new session\n",[44,13008,13009,13012,13014,13016],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,13010,13011],{"class":50},"session_data",[44,13013,113],{"class":58},[44,13015,11860],{"class":116},[44,13017,9138],{"class":58},[44,13019,13020],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,13021,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,13023,13024,13026,13028,13030,13032],{"class":46,"line":6935},[44,13025,136],{"class":135},[44,13027,120],{"class":58},[44,13029,13011],{"class":116},[44,13031,144],{"class":58},[44,13033,11875],{"class":147},[20,13035,13036,13037,13042,13043,113,13045,13047,13048,113],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[625,13038,13040],{"href":13039},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,13041,24],{}," or read ",[625,13044,1191],{"href":1190},[10333,13046],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[625,13049,13050],{"href":2351},[15,13051,13052],{},"dict.popitem()",[30,13054,3335],{"id":3334},[20,13056,11228,13057,72],{},[15,13058,11799],{},[252,13060,13061,13067,13072,13075],{},[255,13062,13063,13064,13066],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,13065,11799],{}," to a variable",[255,13068,1904,13069,13071],{},[15,13070,11799],{}," to return a new dictionary",[255,13073,13074],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[255,13076,13077],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,13079,13080],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[35,13082,13084],{"className":37,"code":13083,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,13085,13086,13096,13110,13125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13087,13088,13090,13092,13094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13089,136],{"class":135},[44,13091,120],{"class":58},[44,13093,405],{"class":116},[44,13095,129],{"class":58},[44,13097,13098,13100,13102,13104,13106,13108],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13099,136],{"class":135},[44,13101,120],{"class":58},[44,13103,2249],{"class":2248},[44,13105,120],{"class":58},[44,13107,405],{"class":116},[44,13109,2239],{"class":58},[44,13111,13112,13114,13116,13119,13121,13123],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,13113,136],{"class":135},[44,13115,120],{"class":58},[44,13117,13118],{"class":135},"id",[44,13120,120],{"class":58},[44,13122,405],{"class":116},[44,13124,2239],{"class":58},[44,13126,13127,13129,13131,13133,13135,13137],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,13128,136],{"class":135},[44,13130,120],{"class":58},[44,13132,12591],{"class":116},[44,13134,12666],{"class":1140},[44,13136,1249],{"class":116},[44,13138,129],{"class":58},[20,13140,13141],{},"What these show:",[252,13143,13144,13149,13154,13160],{},[255,13145,13146,13148],{},[15,13147,2265],{}," shows the current contents",[255,13150,13151,13153],{},[15,13152,2289],{}," confirms it is still a dictionary",[255,13155,13156,13159],{},[15,13157,13158],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[255,13161,13162,13165],{},[15,13163,13164],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[30,13167,2301],{"id":2300},[981,13169,2329,13171,13173],{"id":13170},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,13172,11799],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,13175,13176],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[981,13178,5643,13180,13182],{"id":13179},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,13181,11804],{}," return?",[20,13184,5649,13185,113],{},[15,13186,4282],{},[981,13188,2358,13190,976,13192,2363],{"id":13189},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,13191,11799],{},[15,13193,4296],{},[20,13195,13196,13198,13199,13201],{},[15,13197,11799],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,13200,4296],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[981,13203,2329,13205,13207],{"id":13204},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,13206,11799],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,13209,13210],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[30,13212,2375],{"id":2374},[252,13214,13215,13219,13223,13229,13235,13242,13247],{},[255,13216,13217],{},[625,13218,9649],{"href":9648},[255,13220,13221],{},[625,13222,11722],{"href":2296},[255,13224,13225],{},[625,13226,11218,13227,11221],{"href":13039},[15,13228,17],{},[255,13230,13231],{},[625,13232,11218,13233,11221],{"href":2351},[15,13234,2354],{},[255,13236,13237],{},[625,13238,11218,13239,11221],{"href":12904},[15,13240,13241],{},"copy()",[255,13243,13244],{},[625,13245,13246],{"href":12537},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[255,13248,13249],{},[625,13250,2396],{"href":1190},[2414,13252,13253],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":13255},[13256,13257,13259,13260,13261,13265,13270,13271,13273,13274,13284],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":11883,"depth":102,"text":13258},"What clear() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952},{"id":12177,"depth":102,"text":13262,"children":13263},"What clear() returns",[13264],{"id":12287,"depth":132,"text":12288},{"id":12467,"depth":102,"text":13266,"children":13267},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13268,13269],{"id":11860,"depth":132,"text":11799},{"id":405,"depth":132,"text":12520},{"id":12541,"depth":102,"text":12542},{"id":12910,"depth":102,"text":13272},"When to use clear()",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":13275},[13276,13278,13280,13282],{"id":13170,"depth":132,"text":13277},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":13179,"depth":132,"text":13279},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":13189,"depth":132,"text":13281},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":13204,"depth":132,"text":13283},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11791,"description":13285},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13292,"title":13293,"body":13294,"description":15453,"extension":2465,"meta":15454,"navigation":169,"path":15455,"seo":15456,"stem":15457,"__hash__":15458},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13295,"toc":15425},[13296,13301,13306,13316,13318,13406,13410,13451,13456,13463,13481,13490,13492,13513,13516,13528,13530,13609,13613,13654,13656,13659,13783,13787,13867,13870,13888,13891,13895,13901,13903,13914,13916,14110,14114,14220,14223,14241,14244,14251,14256,14260,14274,14276,14403,14407,14487,14500,14506,14509,14516,14520,14646,14650,14724,14729,14860,14864,14938,14941,14955,14959,14963,14977,14979,15114,15118,15187,15189,15194,15216,15219,15325,15328,15339,15346,15348,15353,15356,15363,15366,15373,15381,15385,15388,15390,15422],[10,13297,13,13299,18],{"id":13298},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,13300,13241],{},[20,13302,13303,13305],{},[15,13304,12907],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,13307,13308,13309,13311,13312,13315],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,13310,13241],{}," makes a ",[590,13313,13314],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[30,13317,2507],{"id":2506},[35,13319,13321],{"className":37,"code":13320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,13322,13323,13360,13377,13381,13392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13324,13325,13328,13330,13332,13334,13336,13338,13340,13342,13344,13346,13348,13350,13352,13354,13356,13358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13326,13327],{"class":50},"student ",[44,13329,55],{"class":54},[44,13331,59],{"class":58},[44,13333,63],{"class":62},[44,13335,67],{"class":66},[44,13337,63],{"class":62},[44,13339,72],{"class":58},[44,13341,75],{"class":62},[44,13343,78],{"class":66},[44,13345,63],{"class":62},[44,13347,83],{"class":58},[44,13349,75],{"class":62},[44,13351,88],{"class":66},[44,13353,63],{"class":62},[44,13355,72],{"class":58},[44,13357,646],{"class":95},[44,13359,99],{"class":58},[44,13361,13362,13365,13367,13370,13372,13375],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13363,13364],{"class":50},"student_copy ",[44,13366,55],{"class":54},[44,13368,13369],{"class":50}," student",[44,13371,113],{"class":58},[44,13373,13374],{"class":116},"copy",[44,13376,9138],{"class":58},[44,13378,13379],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,13380,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,13382,13383,13385,13387,13390],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,13384,136],{"class":135},[44,13386,120],{"class":58},[44,13388,13389],{"class":116},"student_copy",[44,13391,129],{"class":58},[44,13393,13394,13396,13398,13400,13402,13404],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,13395,136],{"class":135},[44,13397,120],{"class":58},[44,13399,13364],{"class":116},[44,13401,12666],{"class":1140},[44,13403,13369],{"class":116},[44,13405,129],{"class":58},[20,13407,13408],{},[590,13409,2576],{},[35,13411,13413],{"className":37,"code":13412,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13414,13415,13447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13416,13417,13419,13421,13423,13425,13427,13429,13431,13433,13435,13437,13439,13441,13443,13445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13418,9770],{"class":58},[44,13420,2197],{"class":62},[44,13422,67],{"class":66},[44,13424,2197],{"class":62},[44,13426,72],{"class":58},[44,13428,2232],{"class":62},[44,13430,78],{"class":66},[44,13432,2197],{"class":62},[44,13434,83],{"class":58},[44,13436,2232],{"class":62},[44,13438,88],{"class":66},[44,13440,2197],{"class":62},[44,13442,72],{"class":58},[44,13444,646],{"class":95},[44,13446,99],{"class":58},[44,13448,13449],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13450,4543],{"class":1266},[20,13452,227,13453,13455],{},[15,13454,13241],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[30,13457,13459,13460,13462],{"id":13458},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13461,13241],{}," method does",[252,13464,13465,13470,13473,13478],{},[255,13466,13467,13469],{},[15,13468,12907],{}," returns a new dictionary",[255,13471,13472],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[255,13474,13475,13476],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13477,13241],{},[255,13479,13480],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13482,13483,13484,3384,13487,113],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[625,13485,9649],{"href":13486},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[625,13488,2297],{"href":13489},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[30,13491,392],{"id":391},[35,13493,13495],{"className":37,"code":13494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13496,13497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13498,13499,13502,13504,13507,13509,13511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13500,13501],{"class":50},"new_dict ",[44,13503,55],{"class":54},[44,13505,13506],{"class":50}," old_dict",[44,13508,113],{"class":58},[44,13510,13374],{"class":116},[44,13512,9138],{"class":58},[20,13514,13515],{},"Key points:",[252,13517,13518,13522,13525],{},[255,13519,13520,11942],{},[15,13521,13241],{},[255,13523,13524],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[255,13526,13527],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13529,269],{},[35,13531,13533],{"className":37,"code":13532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13534,13535,13578,13594,13598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13536,13537,13540,13542,13544,13546,13548,13550,13552,13554,13557,13559,13561,13563,13565,13567,13569,13571,13574,13576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13538,13539],{"class":50},"colors ",[44,13541,55],{"class":54},[44,13543,59],{"class":58},[44,13545,63],{"class":62},[44,13547,625],{"class":66},[44,13549,63],{"class":62},[44,13551,72],{"class":58},[44,13553,75],{"class":62},[44,13555,13556],{"class":66},"red",[44,13558,63],{"class":62},[44,13560,83],{"class":58},[44,13562,75],{"class":62},[44,13564,639],{"class":66},[44,13566,63],{"class":62},[44,13568,72],{"class":58},[44,13570,75],{"class":62},[44,13572,13573],{"class":66},"blue",[44,13575,63],{"class":62},[44,13577,99],{"class":58},[44,13579,13580,13583,13585,13588,13590,13592],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13581,13582],{"class":50},"new_colors ",[44,13584,55],{"class":54},[44,13586,13587],{"class":50}," colors",[44,13589,113],{"class":58},[44,13591,13374],{"class":116},[44,13593,9138],{"class":58},[44,13595,13596],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,13597,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,13599,13600,13602,13604,13607],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,13601,136],{"class":135},[44,13603,120],{"class":58},[44,13605,13606],{"class":116},"new_colors",[44,13608,129],{"class":58},[20,13610,13611],{},[590,13612,2576],{},[35,13614,13616],{"className":37,"code":13615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13617,13618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13619,13620,13622,13624,13626,13628,13630,13632,13634,13636,13638,13640,13642,13644,13646,13648,13650,13652],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13621,9770],{"class":58},[44,13623,2197],{"class":62},[44,13625,625],{"class":66},[44,13627,2197],{"class":62},[44,13629,72],{"class":58},[44,13631,2232],{"class":62},[44,13633,13556],{"class":66},[44,13635,2197],{"class":62},[44,13637,83],{"class":58},[44,13639,2232],{"class":62},[44,13641,639],{"class":66},[44,13643,2197],{"class":62},[44,13645,72],{"class":58},[44,13647,2232],{"class":62},[44,13649,13573],{"class":66},[44,13651,2197],{"class":62},[44,13653,99],{"class":58},[30,13655,11952],{"id":11951},[20,13657,13658],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[35,13660,13662],{"className":37,"code":13661,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13663,13664,13700,13715,13719,13740,13744,13763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13665,13666,13668,13670,13672,13674,13676,13678,13680,13682,13684,13686,13688,13690,13692,13694,13696,13698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13667,51],{"class":50},[44,13669,55],{"class":54},[44,13671,59],{"class":58},[44,13673,63],{"class":62},[44,13675,67],{"class":66},[44,13677,63],{"class":62},[44,13679,72],{"class":58},[44,13681,75],{"class":62},[44,13683,296],{"class":66},[44,13685,63],{"class":62},[44,13687,83],{"class":58},[44,13689,75],{"class":62},[44,13691,88],{"class":66},[44,13693,63],{"class":62},[44,13695,72],{"class":58},[44,13697,96],{"class":95},[44,13699,99],{"class":58},[44,13701,13702,13705,13707,13709,13711,13713],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13703,13704],{"class":50},"person_copy ",[44,13706,55],{"class":54},[44,13708,110],{"class":50},[44,13710,113],{"class":58},[44,13712,13374],{"class":116},[44,13714,9138],{"class":58},[44,13716,13717],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,13718,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,13720,13721,13724,13726,13728,13730,13732,13734,13737],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,13722,13723],{"class":50},"person_copy",[44,13725,896],{"class":58},[44,13727,63],{"class":62},[44,13729,88],{"class":66},[44,13731,63],{"class":62},[44,13733,905],{"class":58},[44,13735,13736],{"class":54}," =",[44,13738,13739],{"class":95}," 26\n",[44,13741,13742],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,13743,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,13745,13746,13748,13750,13752,13755,13757,13759,13761],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,13747,136],{"class":135},[44,13749,120],{"class":58},[44,13751,63],{"class":62},[44,13753,13754],{"class":66},"Original:",[44,13756,63],{"class":62},[44,13758,83],{"class":58},[44,13760,110],{"class":116},[44,13762,129],{"class":58},[44,13764,13765,13767,13769,13771,13774,13776,13778,13781],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,13766,136],{"class":135},[44,13768,120],{"class":58},[44,13770,63],{"class":62},[44,13772,13773],{"class":66},"Copy:",[44,13775,63],{"class":62},[44,13777,83],{"class":58},[44,13779,13780],{"class":116}," person_copy",[44,13782,129],{"class":58},[20,13784,13785],{},[590,13786,2576],{},[35,13788,13790],{"className":37,"code":13789,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13791,13792,13829],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13793,13794,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809,13811,13813,13815,13817,13819,13821,13823,13825,13827],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13795,13796],{"class":50},"Original",[44,13798,72],{"class":58},[44,13800,59],{"class":58},[44,13802,2197],{"class":62},[44,13804,67],{"class":66},[44,13806,2197],{"class":62},[44,13808,72],{"class":58},[44,13810,2232],{"class":62},[44,13812,296],{"class":66},[44,13814,2197],{"class":62},[44,13816,83],{"class":58},[44,13818,2232],{"class":62},[44,13820,88],{"class":66},[44,13822,2197],{"class":62},[44,13824,72],{"class":58},[44,13826,96],{"class":95},[44,13828,99],{"class":58},[44,13830,13831,13834,13836,13838,13840,13842,13844,13846,13848,13850,13852,13854,13856,13858,13860,13862,13865],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13832,13833],{"class":50},"Copy",[44,13835,72],{"class":58},[44,13837,59],{"class":58},[44,13839,2197],{"class":62},[44,13841,67],{"class":66},[44,13843,2197],{"class":62},[44,13845,72],{"class":58},[44,13847,2232],{"class":62},[44,13849,296],{"class":66},[44,13851,2197],{"class":62},[44,13853,83],{"class":58},[44,13855,2232],{"class":62},[44,13857,88],{"class":66},[44,13859,2197],{"class":62},[44,13861,72],{"class":58},[44,13863,13864],{"class":95}," 26",[44,13866,99],{"class":58},[20,13868,13869],{},"What happened here:",[252,13871,13872,13878,13885],{},[255,13873,13874,13877],{},[15,13875,13876],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[255,13879,13880,13881,13884],{},"Changing ",[15,13882,13883],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[255,13886,13887],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13889,13890],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[30,13892,13894],{"id":13893},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13896,13897,13311,13899,113],{},[15,13898,13241],{},[590,13900,13314],{},[20,13902,2613],{},[252,13904,13905,13908,13911],{},[255,13906,13907],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[255,13909,13910],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[255,13912,13913],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13915,269],{},[35,13917,13919],{"className":37,"code":13918,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13920,13921,13929,13947,13969,13973,13977,13991,13995,14020,14024,14042,14061,14076],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13922,13923,13925,13927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13924,13327],{"class":50},[44,13926,55],{"class":54},[44,13928,11969],{"class":58},[44,13930,13931,13933,13935,13937,13939,13941,13943,13945],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13932,11974],{"class":62},[44,13934,67],{"class":66},[44,13936,63],{"class":62},[44,13938,72],{"class":58},[44,13940,75],{"class":62},[44,13942,78],{"class":66},[44,13944,63],{"class":62},[44,13946,11990],{"class":58},[44,13948,13949,13951,13954,13956,13958,13960,13963,13965,13967],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,13950,11974],{"class":62},[44,13952,13953],{"class":66},"grades",[44,13955,63],{"class":62},[44,13957,72],{"class":58},[44,13959,1556],{"class":58},[44,13961,13962],{"class":95},"90",[44,13964,83],{"class":58},[44,13966,502],{"class":95},[44,13968,1153],{"class":58},[44,13970,13971],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,13972,99],{"class":58},[44,13974,13975],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,13976,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,13978,13979,13981,13983,13985,13987,13989],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,13980,13364],{"class":50},[44,13982,55],{"class":54},[44,13984,13369],{"class":50},[44,13986,113],{"class":58},[44,13988,13374],{"class":116},[44,13990,9138],{"class":58},[44,13992,13993],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,13994,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,13996,13997,13999,14001,14003,14005,14007,14010,14013,14015,14018],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,13998,13389],{"class":50},[44,14000,896],{"class":58},[44,14002,63],{"class":62},[44,14004,13953],{"class":66},[44,14006,63],{"class":62},[44,14008,14009],{"class":58},"].",[44,14011,14012],{"class":116},"append",[44,14014,120],{"class":58},[44,14016,14017],{"class":95},"100",[44,14019,129],{"class":58},[44,14021,14022],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,14023,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,14025,14026,14028,14030,14032,14034,14036,14038,14040],{"class":46,"line":6935},[44,14027,136],{"class":135},[44,14029,120],{"class":58},[44,14031,63],{"class":62},[44,14033,13754],{"class":66},[44,14035,63],{"class":62},[44,14037,83],{"class":58},[44,14039,13369],{"class":116},[44,14041,129],{"class":58},[44,14043,14044,14046,14048,14050,14052,14054,14056,14059],{"class":46,"line":12069},[44,14045,136],{"class":135},[44,14047,120],{"class":58},[44,14049,63],{"class":62},[44,14051,13773],{"class":66},[44,14053,63],{"class":62},[44,14055,83],{"class":58},[44,14057,14058],{"class":116}," student_copy",[44,14060,129],{"class":58},[44,14062,14064,14066,14068,14070,14072,14074],{"class":46,"line":14063},12,[44,14065,136],{"class":135},[44,14067,120],{"class":58},[44,14069,13327],{"class":116},[44,14071,12666],{"class":1140},[44,14073,14058],{"class":116},[44,14075,129],{"class":58},[44,14077,14079,14081,14083,14086,14088,14090,14092,14094,14096,14098,14100,14102,14104,14106,14108],{"class":46,"line":14078},13,[44,14080,136],{"class":135},[44,14082,120],{"class":58},[44,14084,14085],{"class":116},"student",[44,14087,896],{"class":58},[44,14089,63],{"class":62},[44,14091,13953],{"class":66},[44,14093,63],{"class":62},[44,14095,905],{"class":58},[44,14097,8591],{"class":1140},[44,14099,14058],{"class":116},[44,14101,896],{"class":58},[44,14103,63],{"class":62},[44,14105,13953],{"class":66},[44,14107,63],{"class":62},[44,14109,4391],{"class":58},[20,14111,14112],{},[590,14113,2576],{},[35,14115,14117],{"className":37,"code":14116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,14118,14119,14166,14212,14216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14120,14121,14123,14125,14127,14129,14131,14133,14135,14137,14139,14141,14143,14145,14147,14149,14151,14153,14155,14157,14159,14161,14163],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14122,13796],{"class":50},[44,14124,72],{"class":58},[44,14126,59],{"class":58},[44,14128,2197],{"class":62},[44,14130,67],{"class":66},[44,14132,2197],{"class":62},[44,14134,72],{"class":58},[44,14136,2232],{"class":62},[44,14138,78],{"class":66},[44,14140,2197],{"class":62},[44,14142,83],{"class":58},[44,14144,2232],{"class":62},[44,14146,13953],{"class":66},[44,14148,2197],{"class":62},[44,14150,72],{"class":58},[44,14152,1556],{"class":58},[44,14154,13962],{"class":95},[44,14156,83],{"class":58},[44,14158,502],{"class":95},[44,14160,83],{"class":58},[44,14162,10605],{"class":95},[44,14164,14165],{"class":58},"]}\n",[44,14167,14168,14170,14172,14174,14176,14178,14180,14182,14184,14186,14188,14190,14192,14194,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206,14208,14210],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14169,13833],{"class":50},[44,14171,72],{"class":58},[44,14173,59],{"class":58},[44,14175,2197],{"class":62},[44,14177,67],{"class":66},[44,14179,2197],{"class":62},[44,14181,72],{"class":58},[44,14183,2232],{"class":62},[44,14185,78],{"class":66},[44,14187,2197],{"class":62},[44,14189,83],{"class":58},[44,14191,2232],{"class":62},[44,14193,13953],{"class":66},[44,14195,2197],{"class":62},[44,14197,72],{"class":58},[44,14199,1556],{"class":58},[44,14201,13962],{"class":95},[44,14203,83],{"class":58},[44,14205,502],{"class":95},[44,14207,83],{"class":58},[44,14209,10605],{"class":95},[44,14211,14165],{"class":58},[44,14213,14214],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,14215,4543],{"class":1266},[44,14217,14218],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,14219,4482],{"class":1266},[20,14221,14222],{},"Notice the difference:",[252,14224,14225,14233],{},[255,14226,14227,5285,14230,14232],{},[15,14228,14229],{},"student is student_copy",[15,14231,4178],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[255,14234,14235,5285,14238,14240],{},[15,14236,14237],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,14239,4112],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,14242,14243],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,14245,14246,14247,113],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[625,14248,14250],{"href":14249},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[30,14252,769,14254],{"id":14253},"when-to-use-copy",[15,14255,13241],{},[20,14257,227,14258,776],{},[15,14259,13241],{},[252,14261,14262,14265,14268,14271],{},[255,14263,14264],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[255,14266,14267],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[255,14269,14270],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[255,14272,14273],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,14275,269],{},[35,14277,14279],{"className":37,"code":14278,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,14280,14281,14320,14336,14340,14360,14364,14383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14282,14283,14286,14288,14290,14292,14294,14296,14298,14300,14302,14304,14306,14308,14311,14313,14315,14318],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14284,14285],{"class":50},"settings ",[44,14287,55],{"class":54},[44,14289,59],{"class":58},[44,14291,63],{"class":62},[44,14293,12967],{"class":66},[44,14295,63],{"class":62},[44,14297,72],{"class":58},[44,14299,75],{"class":62},[44,14301,12976],{"class":66},[44,14303,63],{"class":62},[44,14305,83],{"class":58},[44,14307,75],{"class":62},[44,14309,14310],{"class":66},"font_size",[44,14312,63],{"class":62},[44,14314,72],{"class":58},[44,14316,14317],{"class":95}," 14",[44,14319,99],{"class":58},[44,14321,14322,14325,14327,14330,14332,14334],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14323,14324],{"class":50},"settings_backup ",[44,14326,55],{"class":54},[44,14328,14329],{"class":50}," settings",[44,14331,113],{"class":58},[44,14333,13374],{"class":116},[44,14335,9138],{"class":58},[44,14337,14338],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,14339,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,14341,14342,14345,14347,14349,14351,14353,14355,14357],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,14343,14344],{"class":50},"settings",[44,14346,896],{"class":58},[44,14348,63],{"class":62},[44,14350,14310],{"class":66},[44,14352,63],{"class":62},[44,14354,905],{"class":58},[44,14356,13736],{"class":54},[44,14358,14359],{"class":95}," 16\n",[44,14361,14362],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,14363,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,14365,14366,14368,14370,14372,14375,14377,14379,14381],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,14367,136],{"class":135},[44,14369,120],{"class":58},[44,14371,63],{"class":62},[44,14373,14374],{"class":66},"Current:",[44,14376,63],{"class":62},[44,14378,83],{"class":58},[44,14380,14329],{"class":116},[44,14382,129],{"class":58},[44,14384,14385,14387,14389,14391,14394,14396,14398,14401],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,14386,136],{"class":135},[44,14388,120],{"class":58},[44,14390,63],{"class":62},[44,14392,14393],{"class":66},"Backup:",[44,14395,63],{"class":62},[44,14397,83],{"class":58},[44,14399,14400],{"class":116}," settings_backup",[44,14402,129],{"class":58},[20,14404,14405],{},[590,14406,2576],{},[35,14408,14410],{"className":37,"code":14409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14411,14412,14450],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14413,14414,14417,14419,14421,14423,14425,14427,14429,14431,14433,14435,14437,14439,14441,14443,14445,14448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14415,14416],{"class":50},"Current",[44,14418,72],{"class":58},[44,14420,59],{"class":58},[44,14422,2197],{"class":62},[44,14424,12967],{"class":66},[44,14426,2197],{"class":62},[44,14428,72],{"class":58},[44,14430,2232],{"class":62},[44,14432,12976],{"class":66},[44,14434,2197],{"class":62},[44,14436,83],{"class":58},[44,14438,2232],{"class":62},[44,14440,14310],{"class":66},[44,14442,2197],{"class":62},[44,14444,72],{"class":58},[44,14446,14447],{"class":95}," 16",[44,14449,99],{"class":58},[44,14451,14452,14455,14457,14459,14461,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473,14475,14477,14479,14481,14483,14485],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14453,14454],{"class":50},"Backup",[44,14456,72],{"class":58},[44,14458,59],{"class":58},[44,14460,2197],{"class":62},[44,14462,12967],{"class":66},[44,14464,2197],{"class":62},[44,14466,72],{"class":58},[44,14468,2232],{"class":62},[44,14470,12976],{"class":66},[44,14472,2197],{"class":62},[44,14474,83],{"class":58},[44,14476,2232],{"class":62},[44,14478,14310],{"class":66},[44,14480,2197],{"class":62},[44,14482,72],{"class":58},[44,14484,14317],{"class":95},[44,14486,99],{"class":58},[20,14488,14489,14490,3384,14496,113],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[625,14491,14493],{"href":14492},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14494,14495],{},"dict.update()",[625,14497,14498],{"href":13287},[15,14499,11804],{},[30,14501,14503,14505],{"id":14502},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14504,13241],{}," vs assignment",[20,14507,14508],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14510,1785,14511,588,14513,14515],{},[15,14512,55],{},[590,14514,592],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[981,14517,14519],{"id":14518},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[35,14521,14523],{"className":37,"code":14522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14524,14525,14557,14566,14570,14590,14594,14612,14632],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14526,14527,14529,14531,14533,14535,14537,14539,14541,14543,14545,14547,14549,14551,14553,14555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14528,12558],{"class":50},[44,14530,55],{"class":54},[44,14532,59],{"class":58},[44,14534,63],{"class":62},[44,14536,1696],{"class":66},[44,14538,63],{"class":62},[44,14540,72],{"class":58},[44,14542,1703],{"class":95},[44,14544,83],{"class":58},[44,14546,75],{"class":62},[44,14548,1710],{"class":66},[44,14550,63],{"class":62},[44,14552,72],{"class":58},[44,14554,1717],{"class":95},[44,14556,99],{"class":58},[44,14558,14559,14562,14564],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14560,14561],{"class":50},"assigned ",[44,14563,55],{"class":54},[44,14565,12596],{"class":50},[44,14567,14568],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,14569,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,14571,14572,14575,14577,14579,14581,14583,14585,14587],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,14573,14574],{"class":50},"assigned",[44,14576,896],{"class":58},[44,14578,63],{"class":62},[44,14580,1696],{"class":66},[44,14582,63],{"class":62},[44,14584,905],{"class":58},[44,14586,13736],{"class":54},[44,14588,14589],{"class":95}," 99\n",[44,14591,14592],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,14593,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,14595,14596,14598,14600,14602,14604,14606,14608,14610],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,14597,136],{"class":135},[44,14599,120],{"class":58},[44,14601,63],{"class":62},[44,14603,13754],{"class":66},[44,14605,63],{"class":62},[44,14607,83],{"class":58},[44,14609,12633],{"class":116},[44,14611,129],{"class":58},[44,14613,14614,14616,14618,14620,14623,14625,14627,14630],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,14615,136],{"class":135},[44,14617,120],{"class":58},[44,14619,63],{"class":62},[44,14621,14622],{"class":66},"Assigned:",[44,14624,63],{"class":62},[44,14626,83],{"class":58},[44,14628,14629],{"class":116}," assigned",[44,14631,129],{"class":58},[44,14633,14634,14636,14638,14640,14642,14644],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,14635,136],{"class":135},[44,14637,120],{"class":58},[44,14639,12558],{"class":116},[44,14641,12666],{"class":1140},[44,14643,14629],{"class":116},[44,14645,129],{"class":58},[20,14647,14648],{},[590,14649,2576],{},[35,14651,14653],{"className":37,"code":14652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14654,14655,14687,14720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14656,14657,14659,14661,14663,14665,14667,14669,14671,14673,14675,14677,14679,14681,14683,14685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14658,13796],{"class":50},[44,14660,72],{"class":58},[44,14662,59],{"class":58},[44,14664,2197],{"class":62},[44,14666,1696],{"class":66},[44,14668,2197],{"class":62},[44,14670,72],{"class":58},[44,14672,10684],{"class":95},[44,14674,83],{"class":58},[44,14676,2232],{"class":62},[44,14678,1710],{"class":66},[44,14680,2197],{"class":62},[44,14682,72],{"class":58},[44,14684,1717],{"class":95},[44,14686,99],{"class":58},[44,14688,14689,14692,14694,14696,14698,14700,14702,14704,14706,14708,14710,14712,14714,14716,14718],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14690,14691],{"class":50},"Assigned",[44,14693,72],{"class":58},[44,14695,59],{"class":58},[44,14697,2197],{"class":62},[44,14699,1696],{"class":66},[44,14701,2197],{"class":62},[44,14703,72],{"class":58},[44,14705,10684],{"class":95},[44,14707,83],{"class":58},[44,14709,2232],{"class":62},[44,14711,1710],{"class":66},[44,14713,2197],{"class":62},[44,14715,72],{"class":58},[44,14717,1717],{"class":95},[44,14719,99],{"class":58},[44,14721,14722],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,14723,4482],{"class":1266},[981,14725,1785,14727],{"id":14726},"using-copy",[15,14728,13241],{},[35,14730,14732],{"className":37,"code":14731,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14733,14734,14766,14781,14785,14804,14808,14826,14846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14735,14736,14738,14740,14742,14744,14746,14748,14750,14752,14754,14756,14758,14760,14762,14764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14737,12558],{"class":50},[44,14739,55],{"class":54},[44,14741,59],{"class":58},[44,14743,63],{"class":62},[44,14745,1696],{"class":66},[44,14747,63],{"class":62},[44,14749,72],{"class":58},[44,14751,1703],{"class":95},[44,14753,83],{"class":58},[44,14755,75],{"class":62},[44,14757,1710],{"class":66},[44,14759,63],{"class":62},[44,14761,72],{"class":58},[44,14763,1717],{"class":95},[44,14765,99],{"class":58},[44,14767,14768,14771,14773,14775,14777,14779],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14769,14770],{"class":50},"copied ",[44,14772,55],{"class":54},[44,14774,12633],{"class":50},[44,14776,113],{"class":58},[44,14778,13374],{"class":116},[44,14780,9138],{"class":58},[44,14782,14783],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,14784,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,14786,14787,14790,14792,14794,14796,14798,14800,14802],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,14788,14789],{"class":50},"copied",[44,14791,896],{"class":58},[44,14793,63],{"class":62},[44,14795,1696],{"class":66},[44,14797,63],{"class":62},[44,14799,905],{"class":58},[44,14801,13736],{"class":54},[44,14803,14589],{"class":95},[44,14805,14806],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,14807,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,14809,14810,14812,14814,14816,14818,14820,14822,14824],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,14811,136],{"class":135},[44,14813,120],{"class":58},[44,14815,63],{"class":62},[44,14817,13754],{"class":66},[44,14819,63],{"class":62},[44,14821,83],{"class":58},[44,14823,12633],{"class":116},[44,14825,129],{"class":58},[44,14827,14828,14830,14832,14834,14837,14839,14841,14844],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,14829,136],{"class":135},[44,14831,120],{"class":58},[44,14833,63],{"class":62},[44,14835,14836],{"class":66},"Copied:",[44,14838,63],{"class":62},[44,14840,83],{"class":58},[44,14842,14843],{"class":116}," copied",[44,14845,129],{"class":58},[44,14847,14848,14850,14852,14854,14856,14858],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,14849,136],{"class":135},[44,14851,120],{"class":58},[44,14853,12558],{"class":116},[44,14855,12666],{"class":1140},[44,14857,14843],{"class":116},[44,14859,129],{"class":58},[20,14861,14862],{},[590,14863,2576],{},[35,14865,14867],{"className":37,"code":14866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14868,14869,14901,14934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14870,14871,14873,14875,14877,14879,14881,14883,14885,14887,14889,14891,14893,14895,14897,14899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14872,13796],{"class":50},[44,14874,72],{"class":58},[44,14876,59],{"class":58},[44,14878,2197],{"class":62},[44,14880,1696],{"class":66},[44,14882,2197],{"class":62},[44,14884,72],{"class":58},[44,14886,1703],{"class":95},[44,14888,83],{"class":58},[44,14890,2232],{"class":62},[44,14892,1710],{"class":66},[44,14894,2197],{"class":62},[44,14896,72],{"class":58},[44,14898,1717],{"class":95},[44,14900,99],{"class":58},[44,14902,14903,14906,14908,14910,14912,14914,14916,14918,14920,14922,14924,14926,14928,14930,14932],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14904,14905],{"class":50},"Copied",[44,14907,72],{"class":58},[44,14909,59],{"class":58},[44,14911,2197],{"class":62},[44,14913,1696],{"class":66},[44,14915,2197],{"class":62},[44,14917,72],{"class":58},[44,14919,10684],{"class":95},[44,14921,83],{"class":58},[44,14923,2232],{"class":62},[44,14925,1710],{"class":66},[44,14927,2197],{"class":62},[44,14929,72],{"class":58},[44,14931,1717],{"class":95},[44,14933,99],{"class":58},[44,14935,14936],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,14937,4543],{"class":1266},[20,14939,14940],{},"Summary:",[252,14942,14943,14949],{},[255,14944,14945,14948],{},[15,14946,14947],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[255,14950,14951,14954],{},[15,14952,14953],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[30,14956,14958],{"id":14957},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14960,14961,72],{},[15,14962,13241],{},[252,14964,14965,14968,14971,14974],{},[255,14966,14967],{},"Returns a dictionary",[255,14969,14970],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[255,14972,14973],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[255,14975,14976],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14978,269],{},[35,14980,14982],{"className":37,"code":14981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14983,14984,15016,15031,15035,15053,15073,15077,15095],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14985,14986,14988,14990,14992,14994,14996,14998,15000,15002,15004,15006,15008,15010,15012,15014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14987,616],{"class":50},[44,14989,55],{"class":54},[44,14991,59],{"class":58},[44,14993,63],{"class":62},[44,14995,625],{"class":66},[44,14997,63],{"class":62},[44,14999,72],{"class":58},[44,15001,1703],{"class":95},[44,15003,83],{"class":58},[44,15005,75],{"class":62},[44,15007,639],{"class":66},[44,15009,63],{"class":62},[44,15011,72],{"class":58},[44,15013,1717],{"class":95},[44,15015,99],{"class":58},[44,15017,15018,15021,15023,15025,15027,15029],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15019,15020],{"class":50},"data_copy ",[44,15022,55],{"class":54},[44,15024,662],{"class":50},[44,15026,113],{"class":58},[44,15028,13374],{"class":116},[44,15030,9138],{"class":58},[44,15032,15033],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,15034,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,15036,15037,15039,15041,15043,15045,15047,15049,15051],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,15038,750],{"class":50},[44,15040,896],{"class":58},[44,15042,63],{"class":62},[44,15044,625],{"class":66},[44,15046,63],{"class":62},[44,15048,905],{"class":58},[44,15050,13736],{"class":54},[44,15052,3091],{"class":95},[44,15054,15055,15058,15060,15062,15064,15066,15068,15070],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,15056,15057],{"class":50},"data_copy",[44,15059,896],{"class":58},[44,15061,63],{"class":62},[44,15063,639],{"class":66},[44,15065,63],{"class":62},[44,15067,905],{"class":58},[44,15069,13736],{"class":54},[44,15071,15072],{"class":95}," 20\n",[44,15074,15075],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,15076,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,15078,15079,15081,15083,15085,15087,15089,15091,15093],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,15080,136],{"class":135},[44,15082,120],{"class":58},[44,15084,63],{"class":62},[44,15086,13754],{"class":66},[44,15088,63],{"class":62},[44,15090,83],{"class":58},[44,15092,662],{"class":116},[44,15094,129],{"class":58},[44,15096,15097,15099,15101,15103,15105,15107,15109,15112],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,15098,136],{"class":135},[44,15100,120],{"class":58},[44,15102,63],{"class":62},[44,15104,13773],{"class":66},[44,15106,63],{"class":62},[44,15108,83],{"class":58},[44,15110,15111],{"class":116}," data_copy",[44,15113,129],{"class":58},[20,15115,15116],{},[590,15117,2576],{},[35,15119,15121],{"className":37,"code":15120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,15122,15123,15155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15124,15125,15127,15129,15131,15133,15135,15137,15139,15141,15143,15145,15147,15149,15151,15153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15126,13796],{"class":50},[44,15128,72],{"class":58},[44,15130,59],{"class":58},[44,15132,2197],{"class":62},[44,15134,625],{"class":66},[44,15136,2197],{"class":62},[44,15138,72],{"class":58},[44,15140,632],{"class":95},[44,15142,83],{"class":58},[44,15144,2232],{"class":62},[44,15146,639],{"class":66},[44,15148,2197],{"class":62},[44,15150,72],{"class":58},[44,15152,1717],{"class":95},[44,15154,99],{"class":58},[44,15156,15157,15159,15161,15163,15165,15167,15169,15171,15173,15175,15177,15179,15181,15183,15185],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15158,13833],{"class":50},[44,15160,72],{"class":58},[44,15162,59],{"class":58},[44,15164,2197],{"class":62},[44,15166,625],{"class":66},[44,15168,2197],{"class":62},[44,15170,72],{"class":58},[44,15172,1703],{"class":95},[44,15174,83],{"class":58},[44,15176,2232],{"class":62},[44,15178,639],{"class":66},[44,15180,2197],{"class":62},[44,15182,72],{"class":58},[44,15184,646],{"class":95},[44,15186,99],{"class":58},[30,15188,3335],{"id":3334},[20,15190,15191,15192,72],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,15193,12907],{},[252,15195,15196,15203,15208,15213],{},[255,15197,1785,15198,2037,15200,15202],{},[15,15199,55],{},[15,15201,13241],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[255,15204,5082,15205,15207],{},[15,15206,13241],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[255,15209,15210,15211],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,15212,13241],{},[255,15214,15215],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,15217,15218],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[35,15220,15222],{"className":37,"code":15221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,15223,15224,15234,15244,15258,15281,15303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15225,15226,15228,15230,15232],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15227,136],{"class":135},[44,15229,120],{"class":58},[44,15231,12605],{"class":116},[44,15233,129],{"class":58},[44,15235,15236,15238,15240,15242],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15237,136],{"class":135},[44,15239,120],{"class":58},[44,15241,14789],{"class":116},[44,15243,129],{"class":58},[44,15245,15246,15248,15250,15252,15254,15256],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,15247,136],{"class":135},[44,15249,120],{"class":58},[44,15251,12558],{"class":116},[44,15253,12666],{"class":1140},[44,15255,14843],{"class":116},[44,15257,129],{"class":58},[44,15259,15260,15262,15264,15266,15268,15270,15272,15275,15277,15279],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,15261,136],{"class":135},[44,15263,120],{"class":58},[44,15265,13118],{"class":135},[44,15267,120],{"class":58},[44,15269,12605],{"class":116},[44,15271,9725],{"class":58},[44,15273,15274],{"class":135}," id",[44,15276,120],{"class":58},[44,15278,14789],{"class":116},[44,15280,2239],{"class":58},[44,15282,15283,15285,15287,15289,15291,15293,15295,15297,15299,15301],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,15284,136],{"class":135},[44,15286,120],{"class":58},[44,15288,13118],{"class":135},[44,15290,120],{"class":58},[44,15292,12605],{"class":116},[44,15294,896],{"class":58},[44,15296,63],{"class":62},[44,15298,414],{"class":66},[44,15300,63],{"class":62},[44,15302,3505],{"class":58},[44,15304,15305,15307,15309,15311,15313,15315,15317,15319,15321,15323],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,15306,136],{"class":135},[44,15308,120],{"class":58},[44,15310,13118],{"class":135},[44,15312,120],{"class":58},[44,15314,14789],{"class":116},[44,15316,896],{"class":58},[44,15318,63],{"class":62},[44,15320,414],{"class":66},[44,15322,63],{"class":62},[44,15324,3505],{"class":58},[20,15326,15327],{},"What these help you check:",[252,15329,15330,15333,15336],{},[255,15331,15332],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[255,15334,15335],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[255,15337,15338],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15340,15341,15342,113],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[625,15343,15345],{"href":15344},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[30,15347,2301],{"id":2300},[981,15349,2329,15351,2332],{"id":15350},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15352,12907],{},[20,15354,15355],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[981,15357,15359,15360,15362],{"id":15358},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,15361,12907],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15364,15365],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[981,15367,2358,15369,976,15371,2363],{"id":15368},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15370,13241],{},[15,15372,55],{},[20,15374,15375,15377,15378,15380],{},[15,15376,13241],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15379,55],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[981,15382,15384],{"id":15383},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15386,15387],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[30,15389,2375],{"id":2374},[252,15391,15392,15396,15400,15404,15411,15417],{},[255,15393,15394],{},[625,15395,11722],{"href":13489},[255,15397,15398],{},[625,15399,9649],{"href":13486},[255,15401,15402],{},[625,15403,14250],{"href":14249},[255,15405,15406],{},[625,15407,11218,15408,11221],{"href":14492},[15,15409,15410],{},"update()",[255,15412,15413],{},[625,15414,11218,15415,11221],{"href":13287},[15,15416,11799],{},[255,15418,15419],{},[625,15420,15421],{"href":15344},"How to copy a list in Python",[2414,15423,15424],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":15426},[15427,15428,15430,15431,15432,15433,15435,15441,15442,15443,15452],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":13458,"depth":102,"text":15429},"What the copy() method does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952},{"id":13893,"depth":102,"text":13894},{"id":14253,"depth":102,"text":15434},"When to use copy()",{"id":14502,"depth":102,"text":15436,"children":15437},"copy() vs assignment",[15438,15439],{"id":14518,"depth":132,"text":14519},{"id":14726,"depth":132,"text":15440},"Using copy()",{"id":14957,"depth":102,"text":14958},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":15444},[15445,15447,15449,15451],{"id":15350,"depth":132,"text":15446},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15358,"depth":132,"text":15448},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15368,"depth":132,"text":15450},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15383,"depth":132,"text":15384},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13293,"description":15453},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15460,"title":15461,"body":15462,"description":17657,"extension":2465,"meta":17658,"navigation":169,"path":13489,"seo":17659,"stem":17660,"__hash__":17661},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15463,"toc":17619},[15464,15467,15473,15482,15484,15560,15564,15613,15616,15620,15634,15637,15641,15654,15657,15690,15704,15707,15718,15722,15725,15733,15813,15817,15870,15874,15892,15894,15976,15979,15981,15984,15987,16010,16034,16038,16046,16049,16053,16062,16067,16125,16129,16162,16168,16174,16177,16232,16236,16286,16289,16295,16298,16306,16308,16353,16358,16367,16370,16373,16420,16422,16427,16430,16524,16528,16581,16584,16640,16643,16647,16650,16664,16668,16734,16738,16763,16766,16770,16847,16851,16854,16857,16877,16880,16933,16937,16940,16943,16956,16958,17047,17053,17056,17067,17069,17072,17092,17096,17099,17108,17111,17150,17154,17156,17165,17174,17176,17214,17218,17265,17269,17290,17294,17297,17408,17413,17511,17533,17535,17539,17546,17550,17556,17560,17563,17567,17570,17577,17585,17587,17613,17616],[10,15465,15461],{"id":15466},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15468,15469,15470,15472],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[590,15471,9625],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15474,15475,15476,3384,15478,113],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[625,15477,9649],{"href":9648},[625,15479,15481],{"href":15480},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[30,15483,2507],{"id":2506},[35,15485,15487],{"className":37,"code":15486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15488,15489,15497,15515,15529,15542,15546,15550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15490,15491,15493,15495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15492,13327],{"class":50},[44,15494,55],{"class":54},[44,15496,11969],{"class":58},[44,15498,15499,15501,15503,15505,15507,15509,15511,15513],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15500,11974],{"class":62},[44,15502,67],{"class":66},[44,15504,63],{"class":62},[44,15506,72],{"class":58},[44,15508,75],{"class":62},[44,15510,78],{"class":66},[44,15512,63],{"class":62},[44,15514,11990],{"class":58},[44,15516,15517,15519,15521,15523,15525,15527],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,15518,11974],{"class":62},[44,15520,88],{"class":66},[44,15522,63],{"class":62},[44,15524,72],{"class":58},[44,15526,646],{"class":95},[44,15528,11990],{"class":58},[44,15530,15531,15533,15536,15538,15540],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,15532,11974],{"class":62},[44,15534,15535],{"class":66},"is_active",[44,15537,63],{"class":62},[44,15539,72],{"class":58},[44,15541,6923],{"class":1266},[44,15543,15544],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,15545,99],{"class":58},[44,15547,15548],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,15549,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,15551,15552,15554,15556,15558],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,15553,136],{"class":135},[44,15555,120],{"class":58},[44,15557,14085],{"class":116},[44,15559,129],{"class":58},[20,15561,15562],{},[590,15563,2576],{},[35,15565,15567],{"className":37,"code":15566,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15568,15569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15570,15571,15573,15575,15577,15579,15581,15583,15585,15587,15589,15591,15593,15595,15597,15599,15601,15603,15605,15607,15609,15611],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15572,9770],{"class":58},[44,15574,2197],{"class":62},[44,15576,67],{"class":66},[44,15578,2197],{"class":62},[44,15580,72],{"class":58},[44,15582,2232],{"class":62},[44,15584,78],{"class":66},[44,15586,2197],{"class":62},[44,15588,83],{"class":58},[44,15590,2232],{"class":62},[44,15592,88],{"class":66},[44,15594,2197],{"class":62},[44,15596,72],{"class":58},[44,15598,646],{"class":95},[44,15600,83],{"class":58},[44,15602,2232],{"class":62},[44,15604,15535],{"class":66},[44,15606,2197],{"class":62},[44,15608,72],{"class":58},[44,15610,4418],{"class":1266},[44,15612,99],{"class":58},[20,15614,15615],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[30,15617,15619],{"id":15618},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[252,15621,15622,15625,15628,15631],{},[255,15623,15624],{},"What a dictionary is",[255,15626,15627],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[255,15629,15630],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[255,15632,15633],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[30,15635,15624],{"id":15636},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15638,9622,15639,113],{},[590,15640,9625],{},[252,15642,15643,15649],{},[255,15644,15645,15646,15648],{},"A ",[590,15647,414],{}," is the label",[255,15650,15645,15651,15653],{},[590,15652,1282],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15655,15656],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[35,15658,15660],{"className":37,"code":15659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15661,15662,15670,15686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15663,15664,15666,15668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15665,13327],{"class":50},[44,15667,55],{"class":54},[44,15669,11969],{"class":58},[44,15671,15672,15674,15676,15678,15680,15682,15684],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15673,11974],{"class":62},[44,15675,67],{"class":66},[44,15677,63],{"class":62},[44,15679,72],{"class":58},[44,15681,75],{"class":62},[44,15683,78],{"class":66},[44,15685,3865],{"class":62},[44,15687,15688],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,15689,99],{"class":58},[252,15691,15692,15698],{},[255,15693,15694,15697],{},[15,15695,15696],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[255,15699,15700,15703],{},[15,15701,15702],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15705,15706],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[252,15708,15709,15711,15713,15716],{},[255,15710,67],{},[255,15712,88],{},[255,15714,15715],{},"email",[255,15717,197],{},[30,15719,15721],{"id":15720},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15723,15724],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15726,227,15727,15729,15730,113],{},[15,15728,4296],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15731,15732],{},"key: value",[35,15734,15736],{"className":37,"code":15735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15737,15738,15746,15764,15778,15795,15799,15803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15739,15740,15742,15744],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15741,13327],{"class":50},[44,15743,55],{"class":54},[44,15745,11969],{"class":58},[44,15747,15748,15750,15752,15754,15756,15758,15760,15762],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15749,11974],{"class":62},[44,15751,67],{"class":66},[44,15753,63],{"class":62},[44,15755,72],{"class":58},[44,15757,75],{"class":62},[44,15759,78],{"class":66},[44,15761,63],{"class":62},[44,15763,11990],{"class":58},[44,15765,15766,15768,15770,15772,15774,15776],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,15767,11974],{"class":62},[44,15769,88],{"class":66},[44,15771,63],{"class":62},[44,15773,72],{"class":58},[44,15775,646],{"class":95},[44,15777,11990],{"class":58},[44,15779,15780,15782,15785,15787,15789,15791,15793],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,15781,11974],{"class":62},[44,15783,15784],{"class":66},"course",[44,15786,63],{"class":62},[44,15788,72],{"class":58},[44,15790,75],{"class":62},[44,15792,7793],{"class":66},[44,15794,3865],{"class":62},[44,15796,15797],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,15798,99],{"class":58},[44,15800,15801],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,15802,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,15804,15805,15807,15809,15811],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,15806,136],{"class":135},[44,15808,120],{"class":58},[44,15810,14085],{"class":116},[44,15812,129],{"class":58},[20,15814,15815],{},[590,15816,2576],{},[35,15818,15820],{"className":37,"code":15819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15821,15822],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15823,15824,15826,15828,15830,15832,15834,15836,15838,15840,15842,15844,15846,15848,15850,15852,15854,15856,15858,15860,15862,15864,15866,15868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15825,9770],{"class":58},[44,15827,2197],{"class":62},[44,15829,67],{"class":66},[44,15831,2197],{"class":62},[44,15833,72],{"class":58},[44,15835,2232],{"class":62},[44,15837,78],{"class":66},[44,15839,2197],{"class":62},[44,15841,83],{"class":58},[44,15843,2232],{"class":62},[44,15845,88],{"class":66},[44,15847,2197],{"class":62},[44,15849,72],{"class":58},[44,15851,646],{"class":95},[44,15853,83],{"class":58},[44,15855,2232],{"class":62},[44,15857,15784],{"class":66},[44,15859,2197],{"class":62},[44,15861,72],{"class":58},[44,15863,2232],{"class":62},[44,15865,7793],{"class":66},[44,15867,2197],{"class":62},[44,15869,99],{"class":58},[981,15871,15873],{"id":15872},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[252,15875,15876,15881,15886,15889],{},[255,15877,227,15878,15880],{},[15,15879,4296],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[255,15882,15883,15884],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15885,15732],{},[255,15887,15888],{},"Separate items with commas",[255,15890,15891],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15893,269],{},[35,15895,15897],{"className":37,"code":15896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15898,15899,15908,15928,15944,15957,15961,15965],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15900,15901,15904,15906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15902,15903],{"class":50},"book ",[44,15905,55],{"class":54},[44,15907,11969],{"class":58},[44,15909,15910,15912,15915,15917,15919,15921,15924,15926],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15911,11974],{"class":62},[44,15913,15914],{"class":66},"title",[44,15916,63],{"class":62},[44,15918,72],{"class":58},[44,15920,75],{"class":62},[44,15922,15923],{"class":66},"Python Basics",[44,15925,63],{"class":62},[44,15927,11990],{"class":58},[44,15929,15930,15932,15935,15937,15939,15942],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,15931,11974],{"class":62},[44,15933,15934],{"class":66},"pages",[44,15936,63],{"class":62},[44,15938,72],{"class":58},[44,15940,15941],{"class":95}," 150",[44,15943,11990],{"class":58},[44,15945,15946,15948,15951,15953,15955],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,15947,11974],{"class":62},[44,15949,15950],{"class":66},"available",[44,15952,63],{"class":62},[44,15954,72],{"class":58},[44,15956,6923],{"class":1266},[44,15958,15959],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,15960,99],{"class":58},[44,15962,15963],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,15964,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,15966,15967,15969,15971,15974],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,15968,136],{"class":135},[44,15970,120],{"class":58},[44,15972,15973],{"class":116},"book",[44,15975,129],{"class":58},[20,15977,15978],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[30,15980,9890],{"id":9889},[20,15982,15983],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15985,15986],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[35,15988,15990],{"className":37,"code":15989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15991,15992,16000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15993,15994,15996,15998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15995,616],{"class":50},[44,15997,55],{"class":54},[44,15999,10325],{"class":58},[44,16001,16002,16004,16006,16008],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16003,136],{"class":135},[44,16005,120],{"class":58},[44,16007,750],{"class":116},[44,16009,129],{"class":58},[35,16011,16012],{"className":37,"code":9893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,16013,16014,16024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16015,16016,16018,16020,16022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16017,616],{"class":50},[44,16019,55],{"class":54},[44,16021,9663],{"class":2248},[44,16023,9138],{"class":58},[44,16025,16026,16028,16030,16032],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16027,136],{"class":135},[44,16029,120],{"class":58},[44,16031,750],{"class":116},[44,16033,129],{"class":58},[20,16035,16036],{},[590,16037,2576],{},[35,16039,16040],{"className":37,"code":9922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,16041,16042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16043,16044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16045,9922],{"class":58},[20,16047,16048],{},"Both are correct.",[981,16050,16052],{"id":16051},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,16054,16055,16057,16058,16061],{},[15,16056,4296],{}," creates an empty ",[590,16059,16060],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,16063,16064,16065,113],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,16066,4301],{},[35,16068,16070],{"className":37,"code":16069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,16071,16072,16080,16092,16096,16110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16073,16074,16076,16078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16075,1214],{"class":50},[44,16077,55],{"class":54},[44,16079,10325],{"class":58},[44,16081,16082,16085,16087,16090],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16083,16084],{"class":50},"my_set ",[44,16086,55],{"class":54},[44,16088,16089],{"class":2248}," set",[44,16091,9138],{"class":58},[44,16093,16094],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,16095,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,16097,16098,16100,16102,16104,16106,16108],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,16099,136],{"class":135},[44,16101,120],{"class":58},[44,16103,2249],{"class":2248},[44,16105,120],{"class":58},[44,16107,405],{"class":116},[44,16109,2239],{"class":58},[44,16111,16112,16114,16116,16118,16120,16123],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,16113,136],{"class":135},[44,16115,120],{"class":58},[44,16117,2249],{"class":2248},[44,16119,120],{"class":58},[44,16121,16122],{"class":116},"my_set",[44,16124,2239],{"class":58},[20,16126,16127],{},[590,16128,2576],{},[35,16130,16132],{"className":37,"code":16131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,16133,16134,16148],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16135,16136,16138,16140,16142,16144,16146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16137,3797],{"class":54},[44,16139,3800],{"class":2570},[44,16141,2232],{"class":62},[44,16143,9317],{"class":66},[44,16145,2197],{"class":62},[44,16147,3809],{"class":54},[44,16149,16150,16152,16154,16156,16158,16160],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16151,3797],{"class":54},[44,16153,3800],{"class":2570},[44,16155,2232],{"class":62},[44,16157,6788],{"class":66},[44,16159,2197],{"class":62},[44,16161,3809],{"class":54},[30,16163,16165,16166],{"id":16164},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,16167,9613],{},[20,16169,16170,16171,16173],{},"You can also use ",[15,16172,9613],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,16175,16176],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[35,16178,16180],{"className":37,"code":16179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,16181,16182,16222],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16183,16184,16186,16188,16190,16192,16194,16196,16198,16200,16202,16204,16206,16208,16211,16213,16216,16218,16220],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16185,13327],{"class":50},[44,16187,55],{"class":54},[44,16189,9663],{"class":2248},[44,16191,120],{"class":58},[44,16193,67],{"class":9668},[44,16195,55],{"class":54},[44,16197,63],{"class":62},[44,16199,78],{"class":66},[44,16201,63],{"class":62},[44,16203,83],{"class":58},[44,16205,9681],{"class":9668},[44,16207,55],{"class":54},[44,16209,16210],{"class":95},"20",[44,16212,83],{"class":58},[44,16214,16215],{"class":9668}," active",[44,16217,55],{"class":54},[44,16219,4112],{"class":1266},[44,16221,129],{"class":58},[44,16223,16224,16226,16228,16230],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16225,136],{"class":135},[44,16227,120],{"class":58},[44,16229,14085],{"class":116},[44,16231,129],{"class":58},[20,16233,16234],{},[590,16235,2576],{},[35,16237,16239],{"className":37,"code":16238,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,16240,16241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16242,16243,16245,16247,16249,16251,16253,16255,16257,16259,16261,16263,16265,16267,16269,16271,16273,16275,16278,16280,16282,16284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16244,9770],{"class":58},[44,16246,2197],{"class":62},[44,16248,67],{"class":66},[44,16250,2197],{"class":62},[44,16252,72],{"class":58},[44,16254,2232],{"class":62},[44,16256,78],{"class":66},[44,16258,2197],{"class":62},[44,16260,83],{"class":58},[44,16262,2232],{"class":62},[44,16264,88],{"class":66},[44,16266,2197],{"class":62},[44,16268,72],{"class":58},[44,16270,646],{"class":95},[44,16272,83],{"class":58},[44,16274,2232],{"class":62},[44,16276,16277],{"class":66},"active",[44,16279,2197],{"class":62},[44,16281,72],{"class":58},[44,16283,4418],{"class":1266},[44,16285,99],{"class":58},[20,16287,16288],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[981,16290,16292,16293],{"id":16291},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,16294,9613],{},[20,16296,16297],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[252,16299,16300,16303],{},[255,16301,16302],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[255,16304,16305],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,16307,7185],{},[35,16309,16311],{"className":37,"code":16310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,16312,16313,16343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16314,16315,16317,16319,16321,16323,16325,16327,16329,16331,16333,16335,16337,16339,16341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16316,279],{"class":50},[44,16318,55],{"class":54},[44,16320,9663],{"class":2248},[44,16322,120],{"class":58},[44,16324,67],{"class":9668},[44,16326,55],{"class":54},[44,16328,63],{"class":62},[44,16330,8173],{"class":66},[44,16332,63],{"class":62},[44,16334,83],{"class":58},[44,16336,9681],{"class":9668},[44,16338,55],{"class":54},[44,16340,9686],{"class":95},[44,16342,129],{"class":58},[44,16344,16345,16347,16349,16351],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16346,136],{"class":135},[44,16348,120],{"class":58},[44,16350,373],{"class":116},[44,16352,129],{"class":58},[20,16354,5131,16355,16357],{},[590,16356,592],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[35,16359,16361],{"className":37,"code":16360,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16362,16363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16364,16365],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16366,16360],{"class":147},[20,16368,16369],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16371,16372],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[35,16374,16376],{"className":37,"code":16375,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16377,16378,16386,16402,16406,16410],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16379,16380,16382,16384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16381,279],{"class":50},[44,16383,55],{"class":54},[44,16385,11969],{"class":58},[44,16387,16388,16390,16392,16394,16396,16398,16400],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16389,11974],{"class":62},[44,16391,10980],{"class":66},[44,16393,63],{"class":62},[44,16395,72],{"class":58},[44,16397,75],{"class":62},[44,16399,8173],{"class":66},[44,16401,3865],{"class":62},[44,16403,16404],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,16405,99],{"class":58},[44,16407,16408],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,16409,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,16411,16412,16414,16416,16418],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,16413,136],{"class":135},[44,16415,120],{"class":58},[44,16417,373],{"class":116},[44,16419,129],{"class":58},[30,16421,9932],{"id":9931},[20,16423,16424,16426],{},[15,16425,9613],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16428,16429],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[35,16431,16433],{"className":37,"code":16432,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16434,16435,16492,16496,16510,16514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16436,16437,16439,16441,16443,16445,16447,16449,16451,16453,16455,16457,16459,16461,16463,16465,16467,16469,16471,16473,16475,16477,16479,16481,16483,16485,16488,16490],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16438,9707],{"class":50},[44,16440,55],{"class":54},[44,16442,9712],{"class":58},[44,16444,63],{"class":62},[44,16446,67],{"class":66},[44,16448,63],{"class":62},[44,16450,83],{"class":58},[44,16452,75],{"class":62},[44,16454,78],{"class":66},[44,16456,63],{"class":62},[44,16458,9725],{"class":58},[44,16460,9728],{"class":58},[44,16462,63],{"class":62},[44,16464,88],{"class":66},[44,16466,63],{"class":62},[44,16468,83],{"class":58},[44,16470,646],{"class":95},[44,16472,9725],{"class":58},[44,16474,9728],{"class":58},[44,16476,63],{"class":62},[44,16478,305],{"class":66},[44,16480,63],{"class":62},[44,16482,83],{"class":58},[44,16484,75],{"class":62},[44,16486,16487],{"class":66},"Lima",[44,16489,63],{"class":62},[44,16491,9741],{"class":58},[44,16493,16494],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16495,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,16497,16498,16500,16502,16504,16506,16508],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,16499,13327],{"class":50},[44,16501,55],{"class":54},[44,16503,9663],{"class":2248},[44,16505,120],{"class":58},[44,16507,9754],{"class":116},[44,16509,129],{"class":58},[44,16511,16512],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,16513,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,16515,16516,16518,16520,16522],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,16517,136],{"class":135},[44,16519,120],{"class":58},[44,16521,14085],{"class":116},[44,16523,129],{"class":58},[20,16525,16526],{},[590,16527,2576],{},[35,16529,16531],{"className":37,"code":16530,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16532,16533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16534,16535,16537,16539,16541,16543,16545,16547,16549,16551,16553,16555,16557,16559,16561,16563,16565,16567,16569,16571,16573,16575,16577,16579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16536,9770],{"class":58},[44,16538,2197],{"class":62},[44,16540,67],{"class":66},[44,16542,2197],{"class":62},[44,16544,72],{"class":58},[44,16546,2232],{"class":62},[44,16548,78],{"class":66},[44,16550,2197],{"class":62},[44,16552,83],{"class":58},[44,16554,2232],{"class":62},[44,16556,88],{"class":66},[44,16558,2197],{"class":62},[44,16560,72],{"class":58},[44,16562,646],{"class":95},[44,16564,83],{"class":58},[44,16566,2232],{"class":62},[44,16568,305],{"class":66},[44,16570,2197],{"class":62},[44,16572,72],{"class":58},[44,16574,2232],{"class":62},[44,16576,16487],{"class":66},[44,16578,2197],{"class":62},[44,16580,99],{"class":58},[20,16582,16583],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[35,16585,16587],{"className":37,"code":16586,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16588,16589,16630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16590,16591,16593,16595,16597,16600,16602,16604,16606,16608,16610,16612,16614,16616,16618,16620,16622,16624,16626,16628],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16592,13327],{"class":50},[44,16594,55],{"class":54},[44,16596,9663],{"class":2248},[44,16598,16599],{"class":58},"(((",[44,16601,63],{"class":62},[44,16603,67],{"class":66},[44,16605,63],{"class":62},[44,16607,83],{"class":58},[44,16609,75],{"class":62},[44,16611,78],{"class":66},[44,16613,63],{"class":62},[44,16615,9725],{"class":58},[44,16617,9728],{"class":58},[44,16619,63],{"class":62},[44,16621,88],{"class":66},[44,16623,63],{"class":62},[44,16625,83],{"class":58},[44,16627,646],{"class":95},[44,16629,3418],{"class":58},[44,16631,16632,16634,16636,16638],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16633,136],{"class":135},[44,16635,120],{"class":58},[44,16637,14085],{"class":116},[44,16639,129],{"class":58},[20,16641,16642],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[30,16644,16646],{"id":16645},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16648,16649],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[252,16651,16652,16655,16658,16661],{},[255,16653,16654],{},"Keys must be unique",[255,16656,16657],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[255,16659,16660],{},"Values can repeat",[255,16662,16663],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[981,16665,16667],{"id":16666},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[35,16669,16671],{"className":37,"code":16670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16672,16673,16681,16699,16716,16720,16724],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16674,16675,16677,16679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16676,616],{"class":50},[44,16678,55],{"class":54},[44,16680,11969],{"class":58},[44,16682,16683,16685,16687,16689,16691,16693,16695,16697],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16684,11974],{"class":62},[44,16686,67],{"class":66},[44,16688,63],{"class":62},[44,16690,72],{"class":58},[44,16692,75],{"class":62},[44,16694,78],{"class":66},[44,16696,63],{"class":62},[44,16698,11990],{"class":58},[44,16700,16701,16703,16705,16707,16709,16711,16714],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,16702,11974],{"class":62},[44,16704,67],{"class":66},[44,16706,63],{"class":62},[44,16708,72],{"class":58},[44,16710,75],{"class":62},[44,16712,16713],{"class":66},"Maria",[44,16715,3865],{"class":62},[44,16717,16718],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,16719,99],{"class":58},[44,16721,16722],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,16723,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,16725,16726,16728,16730,16732],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,16727,136],{"class":135},[44,16729,120],{"class":58},[44,16731,750],{"class":116},[44,16733,129],{"class":58},[20,16735,16736],{},[590,16737,2576],{},[35,16739,16741],{"className":37,"code":16740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16742,16743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16744,16745,16747,16749,16751,16753,16755,16757,16759,16761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16746,9770],{"class":58},[44,16748,2197],{"class":62},[44,16750,67],{"class":66},[44,16752,2197],{"class":62},[44,16754,72],{"class":58},[44,16756,2232],{"class":62},[44,16758,16713],{"class":66},[44,16760,2197],{"class":62},[44,16762,99],{"class":58},[20,16764,16765],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[981,16767,16769],{"id":16768},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[35,16771,16773],{"className":37,"code":16772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16774,16775,16783,16799,16815,16829,16833,16837],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16776,16777,16779,16781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16778,472],{"class":50},[44,16780,55],{"class":54},[44,16782,11969],{"class":58},[44,16784,16785,16788,16790,16792,16795,16797],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16786,16787],{"class":95},"    1",[44,16789,72],{"class":58},[44,16791,75],{"class":62},[44,16793,16794],{"class":66},"low",[44,16796,63],{"class":62},[44,16798,11990],{"class":58},[44,16800,16801,16804,16806,16808,16811,16813],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,16802,16803],{"class":95},"    2",[44,16805,72],{"class":58},[44,16807,75],{"class":62},[44,16809,16810],{"class":66},"medium",[44,16812,63],{"class":62},[44,16814,11990],{"class":58},[44,16816,16817,16820,16822,16824,16827],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,16818,16819],{"class":95},"    3",[44,16821,72],{"class":58},[44,16823,75],{"class":62},[44,16825,16826],{"class":66},"high",[44,16828,3865],{"class":62},[44,16830,16831],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,16832,99],{"class":58},[44,16834,16835],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,16836,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,16838,16839,16841,16843,16845],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,16840,136],{"class":135},[44,16842,120],{"class":58},[44,16844,517],{"class":116},[44,16846,129],{"class":58},[981,16848,16850],{"id":16849},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16852,16853],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16855,16856],{},"This will cause an error:",[35,16858,16860],{"className":37,"code":16859,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16861,16862,16867,16872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16863,16864],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16865,16866],{"class":147},"# bad = {\n",[44,16868,16869],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16870,16871],{"class":147},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[44,16873,16874],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,16875,16876],{"class":147},"# }\n",[20,16878,16879],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[35,16881,16883],{"className":37,"code":16882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16884,16885,16894,16914,16918,16922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16886,16887,16890,16892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16888,16889],{"class":50},"good ",[44,16891,55],{"class":54},[44,16893,11969],{"class":58},[44,16895,16896,16899,16901,16903,16905,16908,16910,16912],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16897,16898],{"class":58},"    (",[44,16900,1588],{"class":95},[44,16902,83],{"class":58},[44,16904,1717],{"class":95},[44,16906,16907],{"class":58},"):",[44,16909,75],{"class":62},[44,16911,1579],{"class":66},[44,16913,3865],{"class":62},[44,16915,16916],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,16917,99],{"class":58},[44,16919,16920],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,16921,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,16923,16924,16926,16928,16931],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,16925,136],{"class":135},[44,16927,120],{"class":58},[44,16929,16930],{"class":116},"good",[44,16932,129],{"class":58},[30,16934,16936],{"id":16935},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16938,16939],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16941,16942],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[252,16944,16945,16948,16950,16953],{},[255,16946,16947],{},"user data",[255,16949,14344],{},[255,16951,16952],{},"counters",[255,16954,16955],{},"lookups",[20,16957,269],{},[35,16959,16961],{"className":37,"code":16960,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16962,16963,16971,16990,17009,17021,17025,17029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16964,16965,16967,16969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16966,279],{"class":50},[44,16968,55],{"class":54},[44,16970,11969],{"class":58},[44,16972,16973,16975,16977,16979,16981,16983,16986,16988],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16974,11974],{"class":62},[44,16976,8480],{"class":66},[44,16978,63],{"class":62},[44,16980,72],{"class":58},[44,16982,75],{"class":62},[44,16984,16985],{"class":66},"ana123",[44,16987,63],{"class":62},[44,16989,11990],{"class":58},[44,16991,16992,16994,16996,16998,17000,17002,17005,17007],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,16993,11974],{"class":62},[44,16995,15715],{"class":66},[44,16997,63],{"class":62},[44,16999,72],{"class":58},[44,17001,75],{"class":62},[44,17003,17004],{"class":66},"ana@example.com",[44,17006,63],{"class":62},[44,17008,11990],{"class":58},[44,17010,17011,17013,17015,17017,17019],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,17012,11974],{"class":62},[44,17014,12987],{"class":66},[44,17016,63],{"class":62},[44,17018,72],{"class":58},[44,17020,6923],{"class":1266},[44,17022,17023],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,17024,99],{"class":58},[44,17026,17027],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,17028,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,17030,17031,17033,17035,17037,17039,17041,17043,17045],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,17032,136],{"class":135},[44,17034,120],{"class":58},[44,17036,373],{"class":116},[44,17038,896],{"class":58},[44,17040,63],{"class":62},[44,17042,15715],{"class":66},[44,17044,63],{"class":62},[44,17046,4391],{"class":58},[20,17048,17049,17050,113],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[625,17051,17052],{"href":2401},"how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,17054,17055],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[252,17057,17058,17061,17064],{},[255,17059,17060],{},"labels are not needed",[255,17062,17063],{},"you mostly care about position",[255,17065,17066],{},"order matters more than named fields",[30,17068,3335],{"id":3334},[20,17070,17071],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[252,17073,17074,17077,17080,17083,17086],{},[255,17075,17076],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[255,17078,17079],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[255,17081,17082],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[255,17084,17085],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[255,17087,17088,17089,17091],{},"Mixing up ",[15,17090,4296],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[981,17093,17095],{"id":17094},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,17097,17098],{},"Wrong:",[35,17100,17102],{"className":37,"code":17101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,17103,17104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17105,17106],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17107,17101],{"class":147},[20,17109,17110],{},"Correct:",[35,17112,17114],{"className":37,"code":17113,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,17115,17116,17140],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17117,17118,17120,17122,17124,17126,17128,17130,17132,17134,17136,17138],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17119,13327],{"class":50},[44,17121,55],{"class":54},[44,17123,59],{"class":58},[44,17125,63],{"class":62},[44,17127,67],{"class":66},[44,17129,63],{"class":62},[44,17131,72],{"class":58},[44,17133,75],{"class":62},[44,17135,78],{"class":66},[44,17137,63],{"class":62},[44,17139,99],{"class":58},[44,17141,17142,17144,17146,17148],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,17143,136],{"class":135},[44,17145,120],{"class":58},[44,17147,14085],{"class":116},[44,17149,129],{"class":58},[981,17151,17153],{"id":17152},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,17155,17098],{},[35,17157,17159],{"className":37,"code":17158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,17160,17161],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17162,17163],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17164,17158],{"class":147},[20,17166,17167,17168,17170,17171,17173],{},"This only works if ",[15,17169,67],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,17172,15696],{},", use quotes.",[20,17175,17110],{},[35,17177,17178],{"className":37,"code":17113,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,17179,17180,17204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17181,17182,17184,17186,17188,17190,17192,17194,17196,17198,17200,17202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17183,13327],{"class":50},[44,17185,55],{"class":54},[44,17187,59],{"class":58},[44,17189,63],{"class":62},[44,17191,67],{"class":66},[44,17193,63],{"class":62},[44,17195,72],{"class":58},[44,17197,75],{"class":62},[44,17199,78],{"class":66},[44,17201,63],{"class":62},[44,17203,99],{"class":58},[44,17205,17206,17208,17210,17212],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,17207,136],{"class":135},[44,17209,120],{"class":58},[44,17211,14085],{"class":116},[44,17213,129],{"class":58},[981,17215,17217],{"id":17216},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[35,17219,17221],{"className":37,"code":17220,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,17222,17223,17255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17224,17225,17227,17229,17231,17233,17235,17237,17239,17241,17243,17245,17247,17249,17251,17253],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17226,616],{"class":50},[44,17228,55],{"class":54},[44,17230,59],{"class":58},[44,17232,63],{"class":62},[44,17234,88],{"class":66},[44,17236,63],{"class":62},[44,17238,72],{"class":58},[44,17240,646],{"class":95},[44,17242,83],{"class":58},[44,17244,75],{"class":62},[44,17246,88],{"class":66},[44,17248,63],{"class":62},[44,17250,72],{"class":58},[44,17252,1568],{"class":95},[44,17254,99],{"class":58},[44,17256,17257,17259,17261,17263],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,17258,136],{"class":135},[44,17260,120],{"class":58},[44,17262,750],{"class":116},[44,17264,129],{"class":58},[20,17266,17267],{},[590,17268,2576],{},[35,17270,17272],{"className":37,"code":17271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,17273,17274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17275,17276,17278,17280,17282,17284,17286,17288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17277,9770],{"class":58},[44,17279,2197],{"class":62},[44,17281,88],{"class":66},[44,17283,2197],{"class":62},[44,17285,72],{"class":58},[44,17287,1568],{"class":95},[44,17289,99],{"class":58},[30,17291,17293],{"id":17292},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,17295,17296],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[35,17298,17300],{"className":37,"code":17299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,17301,17302,17338,17342,17352,17366,17380,17394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17303,17304,17306,17308,17310,17312,17314,17316,17318,17320,17322,17324,17326,17328,17330,17332,17334,17336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17305,1214],{"class":50},[44,17307,55],{"class":54},[44,17309,59],{"class":58},[44,17311,63],{"class":62},[44,17313,67],{"class":66},[44,17315,63],{"class":62},[44,17317,72],{"class":58},[44,17319,75],{"class":62},[44,17321,78],{"class":66},[44,17323,63],{"class":62},[44,17325,83],{"class":58},[44,17327,75],{"class":62},[44,17329,88],{"class":66},[44,17331,63],{"class":62},[44,17333,72],{"class":58},[44,17335,646],{"class":95},[44,17337,99],{"class":58},[44,17339,17340],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,17341,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,17343,17344,17346,17348,17350],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,17345,136],{"class":135},[44,17347,120],{"class":58},[44,17349,405],{"class":116},[44,17351,129],{"class":58},[44,17353,17354,17356,17358,17360,17362,17364],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,17355,136],{"class":135},[44,17357,120],{"class":58},[44,17359,2249],{"class":2248},[44,17361,120],{"class":58},[44,17363,405],{"class":116},[44,17365,2239],{"class":58},[44,17367,17368,17370,17372,17374,17376,17378],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,17369,136],{"class":135},[44,17371,120],{"class":58},[44,17373,405],{"class":116},[44,17375,113],{"class":58},[44,17377,2185],{"class":116},[44,17379,2188],{"class":58},[44,17381,17382,17384,17386,17388,17390,17392],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,17383,136],{"class":135},[44,17385,120],{"class":58},[44,17387,405],{"class":116},[44,17389,113],{"class":58},[44,17391,5860],{"class":116},[44,17393,2188],{"class":58},[44,17395,17396,17398,17400,17402,17404,17406],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,17397,136],{"class":135},[44,17399,120],{"class":58},[44,17401,11641],{"class":135},[44,17403,120],{"class":58},[44,17405,405],{"class":116},[44,17407,2239],{"class":58},[20,17409,17410],{},[590,17411,17412],{},"Example output:",[35,17414,17416],{"className":37,"code":17415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17417,17418,17450,17464,17487,17506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17419,17420,17422,17424,17426,17428,17430,17432,17434,17436,17438,17440,17442,17444,17446,17448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17421,9770],{"class":58},[44,17423,2197],{"class":62},[44,17425,67],{"class":66},[44,17427,2197],{"class":62},[44,17429,72],{"class":58},[44,17431,2232],{"class":62},[44,17433,78],{"class":66},[44,17435,2197],{"class":62},[44,17437,83],{"class":58},[44,17439,2232],{"class":62},[44,17441,88],{"class":66},[44,17443,2197],{"class":62},[44,17445,72],{"class":58},[44,17447,646],{"class":95},[44,17449,99],{"class":58},[44,17451,17452,17454,17456,17458,17460,17462],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,17453,3797],{"class":54},[44,17455,3800],{"class":2570},[44,17457,2232],{"class":62},[44,17459,9317],{"class":66},[44,17461,2197],{"class":62},[44,17463,3809],{"class":54},[44,17465,17466,17469,17471,17473,17475,17477,17479,17481,17483,17485],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,17467,17468],{"class":116},"dict_keys",[44,17470,3492],{"class":58},[44,17472,2197],{"class":62},[44,17474,67],{"class":66},[44,17476,2197],{"class":62},[44,17478,83],{"class":58},[44,17480,2232],{"class":62},[44,17482,88],{"class":66},[44,17484,2197],{"class":62},[44,17486,4391],{"class":58},[44,17488,17489,17492,17494,17496,17498,17500,17502,17504],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,17490,17491],{"class":116},"dict_values",[44,17493,3492],{"class":58},[44,17495,2197],{"class":62},[44,17497,78],{"class":66},[44,17499,2197],{"class":62},[44,17501,83],{"class":58},[44,17503,646],{"class":95},[44,17505,4391],{"class":58},[44,17507,17508],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,17509,17510],{"class":95},"2\n",[20,17512,17513,17514,2695,17520,17526,17527,113],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[625,17515,11218,17517],{"href":17516},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17518,17519],{},"keys()",[625,17521,11218,17523],{"href":17522},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17524,17525],{},"values()",", and ",[625,17528,11218,17530],{"href":17529},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17531,17532],{},"items()",[30,17534,2301],{"id":2300},[981,17536,17538],{"id":17537},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17540,227,17541,3384,17543,17545],{},[15,17542,4296],{},[15,17544,9613],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[981,17547,17549],{"id":17548},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17551,17552,17553,113],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17554,17555],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[981,17557,17559],{"id":17558},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17561,17562],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[981,17564,17566],{"id":17565},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17568,17569],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[981,17571,2358,17573,976,17575,2363],{"id":17572},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17574,4296],{},[15,17576,9613],{},[20,17578,17579,17581,17582,17584],{},[15,17580,4296],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17583,9613],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[30,17586,2375],{"id":2374},[252,17588,17589,17593,17599,17603,17609],{},[255,17590,17591],{},[625,17592,9649],{"href":9648},[255,17594,17595],{},[625,17596,11218,17597,11221],{"href":761},[15,17598,1422],{},[255,17600,17601],{},[625,17602,11731],{"href":11213},[255,17604,17605],{},[625,17606,17608],{"href":17607},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[255,17610,17611],{},[625,17612,1522],{"href":1521},[20,17614,17615],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2414,17617,17618],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":17620},[17621,17622,17623,17624,17627,17630,17635,17636,17641,17642,17647,17648,17656],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":15618,"depth":102,"text":15619},{"id":15636,"depth":102,"text":15624},{"id":15720,"depth":102,"text":15721,"children":17625},[17626],{"id":15872,"depth":132,"text":15873},{"id":9889,"depth":102,"text":9890,"children":17628},[17629],{"id":16051,"depth":132,"text":16052},{"id":16164,"depth":102,"text":17631,"children":17632},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17633],{"id":16291,"depth":132,"text":17634},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9931,"depth":102,"text":9932},{"id":16645,"depth":102,"text":16646,"children":17637},[17638,17639,17640],{"id":16666,"depth":132,"text":16667},{"id":16768,"depth":132,"text":16769},{"id":16849,"depth":132,"text":16850},{"id":16935,"depth":102,"text":16936},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":17643},[17644,17645,17646],{"id":17094,"depth":132,"text":17095},{"id":17152,"depth":132,"text":17153},{"id":17216,"depth":132,"text":17217},{"id":17292,"depth":102,"text":17293},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":17649},[17650,17651,17652,17653,17654],{"id":17537,"depth":132,"text":17538},{"id":17548,"depth":132,"text":17549},{"id":17558,"depth":132,"text":17559},{"id":17565,"depth":132,"text":17566},{"id":17572,"depth":132,"text":17655},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15461,"description":17657},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17663,"title":17664,"body":17665,"description":20110,"extension":2465,"meta":20111,"navigation":169,"path":20112,"seo":20113,"stem":20114,"__hash__":20115},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17666,"toc":20066},[17667,17673,17679,17682,17685,17687,17768,17774,17779,17783,17801,17813,17818,17822,17845,17849,17861,17869,17871,17877,17879,17882,17957,17959,18004,18006,18023,18028,18034,18039,18113,18115,18160,18163,18174,18176,18295,18297,18350,18357,18361,18364,18381,18387,18391,18489,18491,18543,18550,18554,18560,18563,18566,18593,18598,18602,18605,18709,18711,18756,18759,18762,18767,18772,18783,18785,18846,18903,18909,18917,18923,18928,18933,18993,18997,19064,19067,19071,19142,19145,19158,19165,19167,19171,19175,19246,19248,19285,19288,19291,19354,19361,19364,19406,19416,19419,19488,19494,19499,19583,19585,19634,19641,19647,19692,19694,19727,19732,19736,19742,19781,19825,19893,19936,19938,19944,19947,19951,19956,19960,19963,19967,19969,20030,20032,20058,20063],[10,17668,13,17670,18],{"id":17669},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17671,17672],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17674,17675,17678],{},[15,17676,17677],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17680,17681],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17683,17684],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[30,17686,2507],{"id":2506},[35,17688,17690],{"className":37,"code":17689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17691,17692,17725,17753,17763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17693,17694,17697,17699,17701,17703,17705,17707,17709,17711,17713,17715,17717,17719,17721,17723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17695,17696],{"class":50},"keys ",[44,17698,55],{"class":54},[44,17700,1556],{"class":58},[44,17702,63],{"class":62},[44,17704,67],{"class":66},[44,17706,63],{"class":62},[44,17708,83],{"class":58},[44,17710,75],{"class":62},[44,17712,88],{"class":66},[44,17714,63],{"class":62},[44,17716,83],{"class":58},[44,17718,75],{"class":62},[44,17720,305],{"class":66},[44,17722,63],{"class":62},[44,17724,1153],{"class":58},[44,17726,17727,17729,17731,17733,17735,17738,17740,17742,17744,17746,17749,17751],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,17728,51],{"class":50},[44,17730,55],{"class":54},[44,17732,9663],{"class":2248},[44,17734,113],{"class":58},[44,17736,17737],{"class":116},"fromkeys",[44,17739,120],{"class":58},[44,17741,2185],{"class":116},[44,17743,83],{"class":58},[44,17745,75],{"class":62},[44,17747,17748],{"class":66},"unknown",[44,17750,63],{"class":62},[44,17752,129],{"class":58},[44,17754,17755,17757,17759,17761],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,17756,136],{"class":135},[44,17758,120],{"class":58},[44,17760,158],{"class":116},[44,17762,129],{"class":58},[44,17764,17765],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,17766,17767],{"class":147},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17769,227,17770,17773],{},[15,17771,17772],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[30,17775,243,17777,246],{"id":17776},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17778,17677],{},[20,17780,17781,72],{},[15,17782,17677],{},[252,17784,17785,17788,17791,17794],{},[255,17786,17787],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[255,17789,17790],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[255,17792,17793],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[255,17795,17796,17797,17800],{},"Is called as ",[15,17798,17799],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17802,17803,17804,17806,17807,17809,17810,113],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17805,9317],{},", so you write ",[15,17808,17799],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17811,17812],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17814,17815,17816,113],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[625,17817,9649],{"href":13486},[30,17819,17821],{"id":17820},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[35,17823,17825],{"className":37,"code":17824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17826,17827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17828,17829,17831,17833,17835,17837,17839,17841,17843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17830,9317],{"class":2248},[44,17832,113],{"class":58},[44,17834,17737],{"class":116},[44,17836,120],{"class":58},[44,17838,4224],{"class":116},[44,17840,83],{"class":58},[44,17842,8928],{"class":116},[44,17844,129],{"class":58},[981,17846,17848],{"id":17847},"parameters","Parameters",[252,17850,17851,17856],{},[255,17852,17853,17855],{},[15,17854,4224],{},": the keys to use",[255,17857,17858,17860],{},[15,17859,1282],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17862,17863,17864,17866,17867,113],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17865,1282],{},", each key gets ",[15,17868,4282],{},[981,17870,583],{"id":582},[20,17872,17873,17874,113],{},"It returns a ",[590,17875,17876],{},"new dictionary",[30,17878,6288],{"id":6287},[20,17880,17881],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[35,17883,17885],{"className":37,"code":17884,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17886,17887,17920,17942,17946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17888,17889,17891,17893,17895,17897,17899,17901,17903,17905,17908,17910,17912,17914,17916,17918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17890,17696],{"class":50},[44,17892,55],{"class":54},[44,17894,1556],{"class":58},[44,17896,63],{"class":62},[44,17898,13556],{"class":66},[44,17900,63],{"class":62},[44,17902,83],{"class":58},[44,17904,75],{"class":62},[44,17906,17907],{"class":66},"green",[44,17909,63],{"class":62},[44,17911,83],{"class":58},[44,17913,75],{"class":62},[44,17915,13573],{"class":66},[44,17917,63],{"class":62},[44,17919,1153],{"class":58},[44,17921,17922,17924,17926,17928,17930,17932,17934,17936,17938,17940],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,17923,13539],{"class":50},[44,17925,55],{"class":54},[44,17927,9663],{"class":2248},[44,17929,113],{"class":58},[44,17931,17737],{"class":116},[44,17933,120],{"class":58},[44,17935,2185],{"class":116},[44,17937,83],{"class":58},[44,17939,561],{"class":95},[44,17941,129],{"class":58},[44,17943,17944],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,17945,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,17947,17948,17950,17952,17955],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,17949,136],{"class":135},[44,17951,120],{"class":58},[44,17953,17954],{"class":116},"colors",[44,17956,129],{"class":58},[20,17958,2576],{},[35,17960,17962],{"className":37,"code":17961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17963,17964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17965,17966,17968,17970,17972,17974,17976,17978,17980,17982,17984,17986,17988,17990,17992,17994,17996,17998,18000,18002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17967,9770],{"class":58},[44,17969,2197],{"class":62},[44,17971,13556],{"class":66},[44,17973,2197],{"class":62},[44,17975,72],{"class":58},[44,17977,561],{"class":95},[44,17979,83],{"class":58},[44,17981,2232],{"class":62},[44,17983,17907],{"class":66},[44,17985,2197],{"class":62},[44,17987,72],{"class":58},[44,17989,561],{"class":95},[44,17991,83],{"class":58},[44,17993,2232],{"class":62},[44,17995,13573],{"class":66},[44,17997,2197],{"class":62},[44,17999,72],{"class":58},[44,18001,561],{"class":95},[44,18003,99],{"class":58},[20,18005,12158],{},[252,18007,18008,18013,18018],{},[255,18009,18010,18012],{},[15,18011,2185],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[255,18014,18015,18017],{},[15,18016,2626],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[255,18019,18020,18022],{},[15,18021,17677],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,18024,18025,18026,113],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[625,18027,2297],{"href":13489},[30,18029,1785,18031,18033],{"id":18030},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,18032,17672],{}," without a value",[20,18035,18036,18037,113],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,18038,4282],{},[35,18040,18042],{"className":37,"code":18041,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,18043,18044,18078,18098,18102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18045,18046,18049,18051,18053,18055,18057,18059,18061,18063,18065,18067,18069,18071,18074,18076],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18047,18048],{"class":50},"fields ",[44,18050,55],{"class":54},[44,18052,1556],{"class":58},[44,18054,63],{"class":62},[44,18056,8480],{"class":66},[44,18058,63],{"class":62},[44,18060,83],{"class":58},[44,18062,75],{"class":62},[44,18064,15715],{"class":66},[44,18066,63],{"class":62},[44,18068,83],{"class":58},[44,18070,75],{"class":62},[44,18072,18073],{"class":66},"password",[44,18075,63],{"class":62},[44,18077,1153],{"class":58},[44,18079,18080,18083,18085,18087,18089,18091,18093,18096],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18081,18082],{"class":50},"user_data ",[44,18084,55],{"class":54},[44,18086,9663],{"class":2248},[44,18088,113],{"class":58},[44,18090,17737],{"class":116},[44,18092,120],{"class":58},[44,18094,18095],{"class":116},"fields",[44,18097,129],{"class":58},[44,18099,18100],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,18101,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,18103,18104,18106,18108,18111],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,18105,136],{"class":135},[44,18107,120],{"class":58},[44,18109,18110],{"class":116},"user_data",[44,18112,129],{"class":58},[20,18114,2576],{},[35,18116,18118],{"className":37,"code":18117,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,18119,18120],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18121,18122,18124,18126,18128,18130,18132,18134,18136,18138,18140,18142,18144,18146,18148,18150,18152,18154,18156,18158],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18123,9770],{"class":58},[44,18125,2197],{"class":62},[44,18127,8480],{"class":66},[44,18129,2197],{"class":62},[44,18131,72],{"class":58},[44,18133,1267],{"class":1266},[44,18135,83],{"class":58},[44,18137,2232],{"class":62},[44,18139,15715],{"class":66},[44,18141,2197],{"class":62},[44,18143,72],{"class":58},[44,18145,1267],{"class":1266},[44,18147,83],{"class":58},[44,18149,2232],{"class":62},[44,18151,18073],{"class":66},[44,18153,2197],{"class":62},[44,18155,72],{"class":58},[44,18157,1267],{"class":1266},[44,18159,99],{"class":58},[20,18161,18162],{},"This is useful when:",[252,18164,18165,18168,18171],{},[255,18166,18167],{},"You want to create the keys first",[255,18169,18170],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[255,18172,18173],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,18175,269],{},[35,18177,18179],{"className":37,"code":18178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,18180,18181,18213,18231,18235,18258,18281,18285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18182,18183,18185,18187,18189,18191,18193,18195,18197,18199,18201,18203,18205,18207,18209,18211],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18184,18048],{"class":50},[44,18186,55],{"class":54},[44,18188,1556],{"class":58},[44,18190,63],{"class":62},[44,18192,8480],{"class":66},[44,18194,63],{"class":62},[44,18196,83],{"class":58},[44,18198,75],{"class":62},[44,18200,15715],{"class":66},[44,18202,63],{"class":62},[44,18204,83],{"class":58},[44,18206,75],{"class":62},[44,18208,18073],{"class":66},[44,18210,63],{"class":62},[44,18212,1153],{"class":58},[44,18214,18215,18217,18219,18221,18223,18225,18227,18229],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18216,18082],{"class":50},[44,18218,55],{"class":54},[44,18220,9663],{"class":2248},[44,18222,113],{"class":58},[44,18224,17737],{"class":116},[44,18226,120],{"class":58},[44,18228,18095],{"class":116},[44,18230,129],{"class":58},[44,18232,18233],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,18234,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,18236,18237,18239,18241,18243,18245,18247,18249,18251,18253,18256],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,18238,18110],{"class":50},[44,18240,896],{"class":58},[44,18242,63],{"class":62},[44,18244,8480],{"class":66},[44,18246,63],{"class":62},[44,18248,905],{"class":58},[44,18250,13736],{"class":54},[44,18252,75],{"class":62},[44,18254,18255],{"class":66},"alice",[44,18257,3865],{"class":62},[44,18259,18260,18262,18264,18266,18268,18270,18272,18274,18276,18279],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,18261,18110],{"class":50},[44,18263,896],{"class":58},[44,18265,63],{"class":62},[44,18267,15715],{"class":66},[44,18269,63],{"class":62},[44,18271,905],{"class":58},[44,18273,13736],{"class":54},[44,18275,75],{"class":62},[44,18277,18278],{"class":66},"alice@example.com",[44,18280,3865],{"class":62},[44,18282,18283],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,18284,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,18286,18287,18289,18291,18293],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,18288,136],{"class":135},[44,18290,120],{"class":58},[44,18292,18110],{"class":116},[44,18294,129],{"class":58},[20,18296,2576],{},[35,18298,18300],{"className":37,"code":18299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,18301,18302],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18303,18304,18306,18308,18310,18312,18314,18316,18318,18320,18322,18324,18326,18328,18330,18332,18334,18336,18338,18340,18342,18344,18346,18348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18305,9770],{"class":58},[44,18307,2197],{"class":62},[44,18309,8480],{"class":66},[44,18311,2197],{"class":62},[44,18313,72],{"class":58},[44,18315,2232],{"class":62},[44,18317,18255],{"class":66},[44,18319,2197],{"class":62},[44,18321,83],{"class":58},[44,18323,2232],{"class":62},[44,18325,15715],{"class":66},[44,18327,2197],{"class":62},[44,18329,72],{"class":58},[44,18331,2232],{"class":62},[44,18333,18278],{"class":66},[44,18335,2197],{"class":62},[44,18337,83],{"class":58},[44,18339,2232],{"class":62},[44,18341,18073],{"class":66},[44,18343,2197],{"class":62},[44,18345,72],{"class":58},[44,18347,1267],{"class":1266},[44,18349,99],{"class":58},[20,18351,18352,18353,113],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[625,18354,18356],{"href":18355},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[30,18358,18360],{"id":18359},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18362,18363],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[252,18365,18366,18371,18376],{},[255,18367,18368,18370],{},[15,18369,4291],{}," (list)",[255,18372,18373,18375],{},[15,18374,4296],{}," (dictionary)",[255,18377,18378,18380],{},[15,18379,4301],{}," (set)",[20,18382,18383,18384,113],{},"All keys will point to the ",[590,18385,18386],{},"same object",[981,18388,18390],{"id":18389},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[35,18392,18394],{"className":37,"code":18393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18395,18396,18428,18449,18453,18475,18479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18397,18398,18400,18402,18404,18406,18408,18410,18412,18414,18416,18418,18420,18422,18424,18426],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18399,17696],{"class":50},[44,18401,55],{"class":54},[44,18403,1556],{"class":58},[44,18405,63],{"class":62},[44,18407,625],{"class":66},[44,18409,63],{"class":62},[44,18411,83],{"class":58},[44,18413,75],{"class":62},[44,18415,639],{"class":66},[44,18417,63],{"class":62},[44,18419,83],{"class":58},[44,18421,75],{"class":62},[44,18423,696],{"class":66},[44,18425,63],{"class":62},[44,18427,1153],{"class":58},[44,18429,18430,18432,18434,18436,18438,18440,18442,18444,18446],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18431,616],{"class":50},[44,18433,55],{"class":54},[44,18435,9663],{"class":2248},[44,18437,113],{"class":58},[44,18439,17737],{"class":116},[44,18441,120],{"class":58},[44,18443,2185],{"class":116},[44,18445,83],{"class":58},[44,18447,18448],{"class":58}," [])\n",[44,18450,18451],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,18452,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,18454,18455,18457,18459,18461,18463,18465,18467,18469,18471,18473],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,18456,750],{"class":50},[44,18458,896],{"class":58},[44,18460,63],{"class":62},[44,18462,625],{"class":66},[44,18464,63],{"class":62},[44,18466,14009],{"class":58},[44,18468,14012],{"class":116},[44,18470,120],{"class":58},[44,18472,1588],{"class":95},[44,18474,129],{"class":58},[44,18476,18477],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,18478,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,18480,18481,18483,18485,18487],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,18482,136],{"class":135},[44,18484,120],{"class":58},[44,18486,750],{"class":116},[44,18488,129],{"class":58},[20,18490,2576],{},[35,18492,18494],{"className":37,"code":18493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18495,18496],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18497,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506,18508,18510,18512,18515,18517,18519,18521,18523,18525,18527,18529,18531,18533,18535,18537,18539,18541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18499,9770],{"class":58},[44,18501,2197],{"class":62},[44,18503,625],{"class":66},[44,18505,2197],{"class":62},[44,18507,72],{"class":58},[44,18509,1556],{"class":58},[44,18511,1588],{"class":95},[44,18513,18514],{"class":58},"],",[44,18516,2232],{"class":62},[44,18518,639],{"class":66},[44,18520,2197],{"class":62},[44,18522,72],{"class":58},[44,18524,1556],{"class":58},[44,18526,1588],{"class":95},[44,18528,18514],{"class":58},[44,18530,2232],{"class":62},[44,18532,696],{"class":66},[44,18534,2197],{"class":62},[44,18536,72],{"class":58},[44,18538,1556],{"class":58},[44,18540,1588],{"class":95},[44,18542,14165],{"class":58},[20,18544,18545,18546,18549],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18547,18548],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[981,18551,18553],{"id":18552},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18555,18556,18559],{},[15,18557,18558],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18561,18562],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18564,18565],{},"So this:",[35,18567,18569],{"className":37,"code":18568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18570,18571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18572,18573,18575,18577,18579,18581,18583,18585,18587,18589,18591],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18574,750],{"class":50},[44,18576,896],{"class":58},[44,18578,63],{"class":62},[44,18580,625],{"class":66},[44,18582,63],{"class":62},[44,18584,14009],{"class":58},[44,18586,14012],{"class":116},[44,18588,120],{"class":58},[44,18590,1588],{"class":95},[44,18592,129],{"class":58},[20,18594,18595,18596,113],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18597,18548],{},[981,18599,18601],{"id":18600},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18603,18604],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[35,18606,18608],{"className":37,"code":18607,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18609,18610,18642,18669,18673,18695,18699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18611,18612,18614,18616,18618,18620,18622,18624,18626,18628,18630,18632,18634,18636,18638,18640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18613,17696],{"class":50},[44,18615,55],{"class":54},[44,18617,1556],{"class":58},[44,18619,63],{"class":62},[44,18621,625],{"class":66},[44,18623,63],{"class":62},[44,18625,83],{"class":58},[44,18627,75],{"class":62},[44,18629,639],{"class":66},[44,18631,63],{"class":62},[44,18633,83],{"class":58},[44,18635,75],{"class":62},[44,18637,696],{"class":66},[44,18639,63],{"class":62},[44,18641,1153],{"class":58},[44,18643,18644,18646,18648,18650,18652,18654,18657,18659,18662,18664,18667],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18645,616],{"class":50},[44,18647,55],{"class":54},[44,18649,59],{"class":58},[44,18651,414],{"class":50},[44,18653,72],{"class":58},[44,18655,18656],{"class":58}," []",[44,18658,4379],{"class":1140},[44,18660,18661],{"class":50}," key ",[44,18663,4385],{"class":1140},[44,18665,18666],{"class":50}," keys",[44,18668,99],{"class":58},[44,18670,18671],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,18672,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,18674,18675,18677,18679,18681,18683,18685,18687,18689,18691,18693],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,18676,750],{"class":50},[44,18678,896],{"class":58},[44,18680,63],{"class":62},[44,18682,625],{"class":66},[44,18684,63],{"class":62},[44,18686,14009],{"class":58},[44,18688,14012],{"class":116},[44,18690,120],{"class":58},[44,18692,1588],{"class":95},[44,18694,129],{"class":58},[44,18696,18697],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,18698,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,18700,18701,18703,18705,18707],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,18702,136],{"class":135},[44,18704,120],{"class":58},[44,18706,750],{"class":116},[44,18708,129],{"class":58},[20,18710,2576],{},[35,18712,18714],{"className":37,"code":18713,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18715,18716],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18717,18718,18720,18722,18724,18726,18728,18730,18732,18734,18736,18738,18740,18742,18745,18747,18749,18751,18753],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18719,9770],{"class":58},[44,18721,2197],{"class":62},[44,18723,625],{"class":66},[44,18725,2197],{"class":62},[44,18727,72],{"class":58},[44,18729,1556],{"class":58},[44,18731,1588],{"class":95},[44,18733,18514],{"class":58},[44,18735,2232],{"class":62},[44,18737,639],{"class":66},[44,18739,2197],{"class":62},[44,18741,72],{"class":58},[44,18743,18744],{"class":58}," [],",[44,18746,2232],{"class":62},[44,18748,696],{"class":66},[44,18750,2197],{"class":62},[44,18752,72],{"class":58},[44,18754,18755],{"class":58}," []}\n",[20,18757,18758],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18760,18761],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[30,18763,769,18765],{"id":18764},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18766,17672],{},[20,18768,18769,18771],{},[15,18770,17677],{}," is a good choice when:",[252,18773,18774,18777,18780],{},[255,18775,18776],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[255,18778,18779],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[255,18781,18782],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18784,2632],{},[35,18786,18788],{"className":37,"code":18787,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18789,18790,18835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18791,18792,18795,18797,18799,18801,18803,18805,18807,18810,18812,18814,18816,18818,18820,18822,18824,18827,18829,18831,18833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18793,18794],{"class":50},"flags ",[44,18796,55],{"class":54},[44,18798,9663],{"class":2248},[44,18800,113],{"class":58},[44,18802,17737],{"class":116},[44,18804,3492],{"class":58},[44,18806,63],{"class":62},[44,18808,18809],{"class":66},"is_admin",[44,18811,63],{"class":62},[44,18813,83],{"class":58},[44,18815,75],{"class":62},[44,18817,15535],{"class":66},[44,18819,63],{"class":62},[44,18821,83],{"class":58},[44,18823,75],{"class":62},[44,18825,18826],{"class":66},"is_verified",[44,18828,63],{"class":62},[44,18830,18514],{"class":58},[44,18832,4409],{"class":1266},[44,18834,129],{"class":58},[44,18836,18837,18839,18841,18844],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18838,136],{"class":135},[44,18840,120],{"class":58},[44,18842,18843],{"class":116},"flags",[44,18845,129],{"class":58},[35,18847,18849],{"className":37,"code":18848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18850,18851,18893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18852,18853,18855,18857,18859,18861,18863,18865,18867,18869,18871,18873,18875,18877,18879,18881,18883,18885,18887,18889,18891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18854,472],{"class":50},[44,18856,55],{"class":54},[44,18858,9663],{"class":2248},[44,18860,113],{"class":58},[44,18862,17737],{"class":116},[44,18864,3492],{"class":58},[44,18866,63],{"class":62},[44,18868,481],{"class":66},[44,18870,63],{"class":62},[44,18872,83],{"class":58},[44,18874,75],{"class":62},[44,18876,495],{"class":66},[44,18878,63],{"class":62},[44,18880,83],{"class":58},[44,18882,75],{"class":62},[44,18884,554],{"class":66},[44,18886,63],{"class":62},[44,18888,18514],{"class":58},[44,18890,561],{"class":95},[44,18892,129],{"class":58},[44,18894,18895,18897,18899,18901],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18896,136],{"class":135},[44,18898,120],{"class":58},[44,18900,517],{"class":116},[44,18902,129],{"class":58},[20,18904,18905,18906,18908],{},"It is ",[590,18907,592],{}," the best choice when:",[252,18910,18911,18914],{},[255,18912,18913],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[255,18915,18916],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[30,18918,18920,18922],{"id":18919},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18921,17672],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18924,18925,18927],{},[15,18926,17672],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[981,18929,1785,18931],{"id":18930},"using-fromkeys",[15,18932,17672],{},[35,18934,18936],{"className":37,"code":18935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18937,18938,18983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18939,18940,18942,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18957,18959,18961,18963,18966,18968,18970,18972,18975,18977,18979,18981],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18941,14285],{"class":50},[44,18943,55],{"class":54},[44,18945,9663],{"class":2248},[44,18947,113],{"class":58},[44,18949,17737],{"class":116},[44,18951,3492],{"class":58},[44,18953,63],{"class":62},[44,18955,18956],{"class":66},"sound",[44,18958,63],{"class":62},[44,18960,83],{"class":58},[44,18962,75],{"class":62},[44,18964,18965],{"class":66},"music",[44,18967,63],{"class":62},[44,18969,83],{"class":58},[44,18971,75],{"class":62},[44,18973,18974],{"class":66},"notifications",[44,18976,63],{"class":62},[44,18978,18514],{"class":58},[44,18980,4418],{"class":1266},[44,18982,129],{"class":58},[44,18984,18985,18987,18989,18991],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18986,136],{"class":135},[44,18988,120],{"class":58},[44,18990,14344],{"class":116},[44,18992,129],{"class":58},[981,18994,18996],{"id":18995},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[35,18998,19000],{"className":37,"code":18999,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,19001,19002,19010,19024,19038,19050,19054],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19003,19004,19006,19008],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19005,14285],{"class":50},[44,19007,55],{"class":54},[44,19009,11969],{"class":58},[44,19011,19012,19014,19016,19018,19020,19022],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19013,11974],{"class":62},[44,19015,18956],{"class":66},[44,19017,63],{"class":62},[44,19019,72],{"class":58},[44,19021,4418],{"class":1266},[44,19023,11990],{"class":58},[44,19025,19026,19028,19030,19032,19034,19036],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,19027,11974],{"class":62},[44,19029,18965],{"class":66},[44,19031,63],{"class":62},[44,19033,72],{"class":58},[44,19035,4409],{"class":1266},[44,19037,11990],{"class":58},[44,19039,19040,19042,19044,19046,19048],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,19041,11974],{"class":62},[44,19043,18974],{"class":66},[44,19045,63],{"class":62},[44,19047,72],{"class":58},[44,19049,6923],{"class":1266},[44,19051,19052],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,19053,99],{"class":58},[44,19055,19056,19058,19060,19062],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,19057,136],{"class":135},[44,19059,120],{"class":58},[44,19061,14344],{"class":116},[44,19063,129],{"class":58},[20,19065,19066],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[981,19068,19070],{"id":19069},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[35,19072,19074],{"className":37,"code":19073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,19075,19076,19108,19132],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19077,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088,19090,19092,19094,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104,19106],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19079,17696],{"class":50},[44,19081,55],{"class":54},[44,19083,1556],{"class":58},[44,19085,63],{"class":62},[44,19087,625],{"class":66},[44,19089,63],{"class":62},[44,19091,83],{"class":58},[44,19093,75],{"class":62},[44,19095,639],{"class":66},[44,19097,63],{"class":62},[44,19099,83],{"class":58},[44,19101,75],{"class":62},[44,19103,696],{"class":66},[44,19105,63],{"class":62},[44,19107,1153],{"class":58},[44,19109,19110,19112,19114,19116,19118,19120,19122,19124,19126,19128,19130],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19111,616],{"class":50},[44,19113,55],{"class":54},[44,19115,59],{"class":58},[44,19117,414],{"class":50},[44,19119,72],{"class":58},[44,19121,18656],{"class":58},[44,19123,4379],{"class":1140},[44,19125,18661],{"class":50},[44,19127,4385],{"class":1140},[44,19129,18666],{"class":50},[44,19131,99],{"class":58},[44,19133,19134,19136,19138,19140],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,19135,136],{"class":135},[44,19137,120],{"class":58},[44,19139,750],{"class":116},[44,19141,129],{"class":58},[20,19143,19144],{},"Use:",[252,19146,19147,19152,19155],{},[255,19148,19149,19151],{},[15,19150,17672],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[255,19153,19154],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[255,19156,19157],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,19159,19160,19161,113],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[625,19162,11218,19163,11221],{"href":14492},[15,19164,15410],{},[30,19166,3335],{"id":3334},[20,19168,15191,19169,113],{},[15,19170,17677],{},[981,19172,19174],{"id":19173},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[35,19176,19178],{"className":37,"code":19177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19179,19180,19213,19236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19181,19182,19185,19187,19189,19191,19193,19195,19197,19199,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209,19211],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19183,19184],{"class":50},"d ",[44,19186,55],{"class":54},[44,19188,9663],{"class":2248},[44,19190,113],{"class":58},[44,19192,17737],{"class":116},[44,19194,3492],{"class":58},[44,19196,63],{"class":62},[44,19198,625],{"class":66},[44,19200,63],{"class":62},[44,19202,83],{"class":58},[44,19204,75],{"class":62},[44,19206,639],{"class":66},[44,19208,63],{"class":62},[44,19210,18514],{"class":58},[44,19212,18448],{"class":58},[44,19214,19215,19218,19220,19222,19224,19226,19228,19230,19232,19234],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19216,19217],{"class":50},"d",[44,19219,896],{"class":58},[44,19221,63],{"class":62},[44,19223,625],{"class":66},[44,19225,63],{"class":62},[44,19227,14009],{"class":58},[44,19229,14012],{"class":116},[44,19231,120],{"class":58},[44,19233,1588],{"class":95},[44,19235,129],{"class":58},[44,19237,19238,19240,19242,19244],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,19239,136],{"class":135},[44,19241,120],{"class":58},[44,19243,19217],{"class":116},[44,19245,129],{"class":58},[20,19247,2576],{},[35,19249,19251],{"className":37,"code":19250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,19252,19253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19254,19255,19257,19259,19261,19263,19265,19267,19269,19271,19273,19275,19277,19279,19281,19283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19256,9770],{"class":58},[44,19258,2197],{"class":62},[44,19260,625],{"class":66},[44,19262,2197],{"class":62},[44,19264,72],{"class":58},[44,19266,1556],{"class":58},[44,19268,1588],{"class":95},[44,19270,18514],{"class":58},[44,19272,2232],{"class":62},[44,19274,639],{"class":66},[44,19276,2197],{"class":62},[44,19278,72],{"class":58},[44,19280,1556],{"class":58},[44,19282,1588],{"class":95},[44,19284,14165],{"class":58},[20,19286,19287],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,19289,19290],{},"Use this instead:",[35,19292,19294],{"className":37,"code":19293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,19295,19296,19320,19344],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19297,19298,19300,19302,19304,19306,19308,19310,19312,19314,19316,19318],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19299,17696],{"class":50},[44,19301,55],{"class":54},[44,19303,1556],{"class":58},[44,19305,63],{"class":62},[44,19307,625],{"class":66},[44,19309,63],{"class":62},[44,19311,83],{"class":58},[44,19313,75],{"class":62},[44,19315,639],{"class":66},[44,19317,63],{"class":62},[44,19319,1153],{"class":58},[44,19321,19322,19324,19326,19328,19330,19332,19334,19336,19338,19340,19342],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19323,19184],{"class":50},[44,19325,55],{"class":54},[44,19327,59],{"class":58},[44,19329,414],{"class":50},[44,19331,72],{"class":58},[44,19333,18656],{"class":58},[44,19335,4379],{"class":1140},[44,19337,18661],{"class":50},[44,19339,4385],{"class":1140},[44,19341,18666],{"class":50},[44,19343,99],{"class":58},[44,19345,19346,19348,19350,19352],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,19347,136],{"class":135},[44,19349,120],{"class":58},[44,19351,19217],{"class":116},[44,19353,129],{"class":58},[981,19355,19357,19358,19360],{"id":19356},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19359,17672],{}," on a list",[20,19362,19363],{},"Wrong idea:",[35,19365,19367],{"className":37,"code":19366,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19368,19369,19401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19370,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381,19383,19385,19387,19389,19391,19393,19395,19397,19399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19372,17696],{"class":50},[44,19374,55],{"class":54},[44,19376,1556],{"class":58},[44,19378,63],{"class":62},[44,19380,625],{"class":66},[44,19382,63],{"class":62},[44,19384,83],{"class":58},[44,19386,75],{"class":62},[44,19388,639],{"class":66},[44,19390,63],{"class":62},[44,19392,83],{"class":58},[44,19394,75],{"class":62},[44,19396,696],{"class":66},[44,19398,63],{"class":62},[44,19400,1153],{"class":58},[44,19402,19403],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19404,19405],{"class":147},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19407,19408,19410,19411,19413,19414,113],{},[15,19409,17672],{}," belongs to ",[15,19412,9317],{},", not ",[15,19415,8588],{},[20,19417,19418],{},"Correct usage:",[35,19420,19422],{"className":37,"code":19421,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19423,19424,19456,19478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19425,19426,19428,19430,19432,19434,19436,19438,19440,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450,19452,19454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19427,17696],{"class":50},[44,19429,55],{"class":54},[44,19431,1556],{"class":58},[44,19433,63],{"class":62},[44,19435,625],{"class":66},[44,19437,63],{"class":62},[44,19439,83],{"class":58},[44,19441,75],{"class":62},[44,19443,639],{"class":66},[44,19445,63],{"class":62},[44,19447,83],{"class":58},[44,19449,75],{"class":62},[44,19451,696],{"class":66},[44,19453,63],{"class":62},[44,19455,1153],{"class":58},[44,19457,19458,19460,19462,19464,19466,19468,19470,19472,19474,19476],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19459,19184],{"class":50},[44,19461,55],{"class":54},[44,19463,9663],{"class":2248},[44,19465,113],{"class":58},[44,19467,17737],{"class":116},[44,19469,120],{"class":58},[44,19471,2185],{"class":116},[44,19473,83],{"class":58},[44,19475,561],{"class":95},[44,19477,129],{"class":58},[44,19479,19480,19482,19484,19486],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,19481,136],{"class":135},[44,19483,120],{"class":58},[44,19485,19217],{"class":116},[44,19487,129],{"class":58},[981,19489,1904,19491,19493],{"id":19490},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19492,17672],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19495,19496,19498],{},[15,19497,17677],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[35,19500,19502],{"className":37,"code":19501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19503,19504,19524,19558,19562,19572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19505,19506,19508,19510,19512,19514,19516,19518,19520,19522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19507,12558],{"class":50},[44,19509,55],{"class":54},[44,19511,59],{"class":58},[44,19513,63],{"class":62},[44,19515,1696],{"class":66},[44,19517,63],{"class":62},[44,19519,72],{"class":58},[44,19521,1703],{"class":95},[44,19523,99],{"class":58},[44,19525,19526,19528,19530,19532,19534,19536,19538,19540,19542,19544,19546,19548,19550,19552,19554,19556],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19527,13501],{"class":50},[44,19529,55],{"class":54},[44,19531,9663],{"class":2248},[44,19533,113],{"class":58},[44,19535,17737],{"class":116},[44,19537,3492],{"class":58},[44,19539,63],{"class":62},[44,19541,625],{"class":66},[44,19543,63],{"class":62},[44,19545,83],{"class":58},[44,19547,75],{"class":62},[44,19549,639],{"class":66},[44,19551,63],{"class":62},[44,19553,18514],{"class":58},[44,19555,561],{"class":95},[44,19557,129],{"class":58},[44,19559,19560],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,19561,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,19563,19564,19566,19568,19570],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,19565,136],{"class":135},[44,19567,120],{"class":58},[44,19569,12605],{"class":116},[44,19571,129],{"class":58},[44,19573,19574,19576,19578,19581],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,19575,136],{"class":135},[44,19577,120],{"class":58},[44,19579,19580],{"class":116},"new_dict",[44,19582,129],{"class":58},[20,19584,2576],{},[35,19586,19588],{"className":37,"code":19587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19589,19590,19606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19591,19592,19594,19596,19598,19600,19602,19604],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19593,9770],{"class":58},[44,19595,2197],{"class":62},[44,19597,1696],{"class":66},[44,19599,2197],{"class":62},[44,19601,72],{"class":58},[44,19603,1703],{"class":95},[44,19605,99],{"class":58},[44,19607,19608,19610,19612,19614,19616,19618,19620,19622,19624,19626,19628,19630,19632],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19609,9770],{"class":58},[44,19611,2197],{"class":62},[44,19613,625],{"class":66},[44,19615,2197],{"class":62},[44,19617,72],{"class":58},[44,19619,561],{"class":95},[44,19621,83],{"class":58},[44,19623,2232],{"class":62},[44,19625,639],{"class":66},[44,19627,2197],{"class":62},[44,19629,72],{"class":58},[44,19631,561],{"class":95},[44,19633,99],{"class":58},[20,19635,19636,19637,113],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[625,19638,11218,19639,11221],{"href":14492},[15,19640,15410],{},[981,19642,19644,19645],{"id":19643},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19646,4282],{},[35,19648,19650],{"className":37,"code":19649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19651,19652,19682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19653,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668,19670,19672,19674,19676,19678,19680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19655,19184],{"class":50},[44,19657,55],{"class":54},[44,19659,9663],{"class":2248},[44,19661,113],{"class":58},[44,19663,17737],{"class":116},[44,19665,3492],{"class":58},[44,19667,63],{"class":62},[44,19669,1696],{"class":66},[44,19671,63],{"class":62},[44,19673,83],{"class":58},[44,19675,75],{"class":62},[44,19677,1710],{"class":66},[44,19679,63],{"class":62},[44,19681,4391],{"class":58},[44,19683,19684,19686,19688,19690],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19685,136],{"class":135},[44,19687,120],{"class":58},[44,19689,19217],{"class":116},[44,19691,129],{"class":58},[20,19693,2576],{},[35,19695,19697],{"className":37,"code":19696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19698,19699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19700,19701,19703,19705,19707,19709,19711,19713,19715,19717,19719,19721,19723,19725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19702,9770],{"class":58},[44,19704,2197],{"class":62},[44,19706,1696],{"class":66},[44,19708,2197],{"class":62},[44,19710,72],{"class":58},[44,19712,1267],{"class":1266},[44,19714,83],{"class":58},[44,19716,2232],{"class":62},[44,19718,1710],{"class":66},[44,19720,2197],{"class":62},[44,19722,72],{"class":58},[44,19724,1267],{"class":1266},[44,19726,99],{"class":58},[20,19728,19729,19730,113],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19731,4282],{},[30,19733,19735],{"id":19734},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19737,19738,19739,19741],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19740,17672],{}," works.",[35,19743,19745],{"className":37,"code":19744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19746,19747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19748,19749,19751,19753,19755,19757,19759,19761,19763,19765,19767,19769,19771,19773,19775,19777,19779],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19750,136],{"class":135},[44,19752,120],{"class":58},[44,19754,9317],{"class":2248},[44,19756,113],{"class":58},[44,19758,17737],{"class":116},[44,19760,3492],{"class":58},[44,19762,63],{"class":62},[44,19764,625],{"class":66},[44,19766,63],{"class":62},[44,19768,83],{"class":58},[44,19770,75],{"class":62},[44,19772,639],{"class":66},[44,19774,63],{"class":62},[44,19776,18514],{"class":58},[44,19778,561],{"class":95},[44,19780,2239],{"class":58},[35,19782,19783],{"className":37,"code":19649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,19784,19785,19815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19786,19787,19789,19791,19793,19795,19797,19799,19801,19803,19805,19807,19809,19811,19813],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19788,19184],{"class":50},[44,19790,55],{"class":54},[44,19792,9663],{"class":2248},[44,19794,113],{"class":58},[44,19796,17737],{"class":116},[44,19798,3492],{"class":58},[44,19800,63],{"class":62},[44,19802,1696],{"class":66},[44,19804,63],{"class":62},[44,19806,83],{"class":58},[44,19808,75],{"class":62},[44,19810,1710],{"class":66},[44,19812,63],{"class":62},[44,19814,4391],{"class":58},[44,19816,19817,19819,19821,19823],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19818,136],{"class":135},[44,19820,120],{"class":58},[44,19822,19217],{"class":116},[44,19824,129],{"class":58},[35,19826,19827],{"className":37,"code":19177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,19828,19829,19861,19883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19830,19831,19833,19835,19837,19839,19841,19843,19845,19847,19849,19851,19853,19855,19857,19859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19832,19184],{"class":50},[44,19834,55],{"class":54},[44,19836,9663],{"class":2248},[44,19838,113],{"class":58},[44,19840,17737],{"class":116},[44,19842,3492],{"class":58},[44,19844,63],{"class":62},[44,19846,625],{"class":66},[44,19848,63],{"class":62},[44,19850,83],{"class":58},[44,19852,75],{"class":62},[44,19854,639],{"class":66},[44,19856,63],{"class":62},[44,19858,18514],{"class":58},[44,19860,18448],{"class":58},[44,19862,19863,19865,19867,19869,19871,19873,19875,19877,19879,19881],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19864,19217],{"class":50},[44,19866,896],{"class":58},[44,19868,63],{"class":62},[44,19870,625],{"class":66},[44,19872,63],{"class":62},[44,19874,14009],{"class":58},[44,19876,14012],{"class":116},[44,19878,120],{"class":58},[44,19880,1588],{"class":95},[44,19882,129],{"class":58},[44,19884,19885,19887,19889,19891],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,19886,136],{"class":135},[44,19888,120],{"class":58},[44,19890,19217],{"class":116},[44,19892,129],{"class":58},[35,19894,19896],{"className":37,"code":19895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19897,19898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19899,19900,19902,19904,19906,19908,19910,19912,19914,19916,19918,19920,19922,19924,19926,19928,19930,19932,19934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19901,136],{"class":135},[44,19903,120],{"class":58},[44,19905,2249],{"class":2248},[44,19907,120],{"class":58},[44,19909,9317],{"class":2248},[44,19911,113],{"class":58},[44,19913,17737],{"class":116},[44,19915,3492],{"class":58},[44,19917,1588],{"class":95},[44,19919,83],{"class":58},[44,19921,1717],{"class":95},[44,19923,83],{"class":58},[44,19925,2955],{"class":95},[44,19927,18514],{"class":58},[44,19929,75],{"class":62},[44,19931,1282],{"class":66},[44,19933,63],{"class":62},[44,19935,3418],{"class":58},[30,19937,2301],{"id":2300},[981,19939,2329,19941,19943],{"id":19940},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19942,17672],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19945,19946],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[981,19948,19950],{"id":19949},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19952,19953,19954,113],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19955,4282],{},[981,19957,19959],{"id":19958},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19961,19962],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[981,19964,19966],{"id":19965},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19968,18604],{},[35,19970,19972],{"className":37,"code":19971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19973,19974,20006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19975,19976,19978,19980,19982,19984,19986,19988,19990,19992,19994,19996,19998,20000,20002,20004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19977,17696],{"class":50},[44,19979,55],{"class":54},[44,19981,1556],{"class":58},[44,19983,63],{"class":62},[44,19985,625],{"class":66},[44,19987,63],{"class":62},[44,19989,83],{"class":58},[44,19991,75],{"class":62},[44,19993,639],{"class":66},[44,19995,63],{"class":62},[44,19997,83],{"class":58},[44,19999,75],{"class":62},[44,20001,696],{"class":66},[44,20003,63],{"class":62},[44,20005,1153],{"class":58},[44,20007,20008,20010,20012,20014,20016,20018,20020,20022,20024,20026,20028],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20009,616],{"class":50},[44,20011,55],{"class":54},[44,20013,59],{"class":58},[44,20015,414],{"class":50},[44,20017,72],{"class":58},[44,20019,18656],{"class":58},[44,20021,4379],{"class":1140},[44,20023,18661],{"class":50},[44,20025,4385],{"class":1140},[44,20027,18666],{"class":50},[44,20029,99],{"class":58},[30,20031,2375],{"id":2374},[252,20033,20034,20038,20042,20046,20052],{},[255,20035,20036],{},[625,20037,11722],{"href":13489},[255,20039,20040],{},[625,20041,9649],{"href":13486},[255,20043,20044],{},[625,20045,11731],{"href":18355},[255,20047,20048],{},[625,20049,11218,20050,11221],{"href":14492},[15,20051,15410],{},[255,20053,20054],{},[625,20055,11218,20056,11221],{"href":15455},[15,20057,13241],{},[20,20059,227,20060,20062],{},[15,20061,17677],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2414,20064,20065],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":20067},[20068,20069,20071,20075,20076,20078,20083,20085,20092,20101,20102,20109],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":17776,"depth":102,"text":20070},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17820,"depth":102,"text":17821,"children":20072},[20073,20074],{"id":17847,"depth":132,"text":17848},{"id":582,"depth":132,"text":583},{"id":6287,"depth":102,"text":6288},{"id":18030,"depth":102,"text":20077},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18359,"depth":102,"text":18360,"children":20079},[20080,20081,20082],{"id":18389,"depth":132,"text":18390},{"id":18552,"depth":132,"text":18553},{"id":18600,"depth":132,"text":18601},{"id":18764,"depth":102,"text":20084},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18919,"depth":102,"text":20086,"children":20087},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[20088,20090,20091],{"id":18930,"depth":132,"text":20089},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18995,"depth":132,"text":18996},{"id":19069,"depth":132,"text":19070},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":20093},[20094,20095,20097,20099],{"id":19173,"depth":132,"text":19174},{"id":19356,"depth":132,"text":20096},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19490,"depth":132,"text":20098},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19643,"depth":132,"text":20100},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19734,"depth":102,"text":19735},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":20103},[20104,20106,20107,20108],{"id":19940,"depth":132,"text":20105},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19949,"depth":132,"text":19950},{"id":19958,"depth":132,"text":19959},{"id":19965,"depth":132,"text":19966},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17664,"description":20110},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":20117,"title":2384,"body":20118,"description":21937,"extension":2465,"meta":21938,"navigation":169,"path":21939,"seo":21940,"stem":21941,"__hash__":21942},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md",{"type":7,"value":20119,"toc":21904},[20120,20125,20131,20141,20270,20277,20282,20286,20302,20304,20401,20404,20421,20425,20427,20432,20470,20473,20491,20493,20611,20616,20620,20636,20639,20775,20778,20783,20789,20792,20829,20832,20836,20841,20917,20921,20926,21007,21009,21025,21030,21034,21040,21109,21112,21129,21132,21213,21218,21221,21241,21245,21250,21256,21262,21333,21336,21342,21345,21419,21426,21432,21440,21450,21452,21547,21553,21558,21644,21650,21652,21657,21679,21682,21777,21779,21808,21821,21823,21831,21837,21843,21846,21852,21857,21864,21869,21871,21901],[10,20121,13,20123,18],{"id":20122},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,20124,1422],{},[20,20126,20127,20128,20130],{},"The dictionary ",[15,20129,1422],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,20132,20133,20134,2695,20136,2901,20138,20140],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,20135,238],{},[15,20137,1422],{},[15,20139,4282],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[35,20142,20144],{"className":37,"code":20143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,20145,20146,20182,20186,20211,20236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20147,20148,20150,20152,20154,20156,20158,20160,20162,20164,20166,20168,20170,20172,20174,20176,20178,20180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20149,51],{"class":50},[44,20151,55],{"class":54},[44,20153,59],{"class":58},[44,20155,63],{"class":62},[44,20157,67],{"class":66},[44,20159,63],{"class":62},[44,20161,72],{"class":58},[44,20163,75],{"class":62},[44,20165,78],{"class":66},[44,20167,63],{"class":62},[44,20169,83],{"class":58},[44,20171,75],{"class":62},[44,20173,88],{"class":66},[44,20175,63],{"class":62},[44,20177,72],{"class":58},[44,20179,96],{"class":95},[44,20181,99],{"class":58},[44,20183,20184],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20185,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,20187,20188,20190,20192,20194,20196,20198,20200,20202,20204,20206,20208],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,20189,136],{"class":135},[44,20191,120],{"class":58},[44,20193,158],{"class":116},[44,20195,113],{"class":58},[44,20197,1469],{"class":116},[44,20199,120],{"class":58},[44,20201,63],{"class":62},[44,20203,67],{"class":66},[44,20205,63],{"class":62},[44,20207,532],{"class":58},[44,20209,20210],{"class":147},"           # Ana\n",[44,20212,20213,20215,20217,20219,20221,20223,20225,20227,20229,20231,20233],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,20214,136],{"class":135},[44,20216,120],{"class":58},[44,20218,158],{"class":116},[44,20220,113],{"class":58},[44,20222,1469],{"class":116},[44,20224,120],{"class":58},[44,20226,63],{"class":62},[44,20228,305],{"class":66},[44,20230,63],{"class":62},[44,20232,532],{"class":58},[44,20234,20235],{"class":147},"           # None\n",[44,20237,20238,20240,20242,20244,20246,20248,20250,20252,20254,20256,20258,20260,20263,20265,20267],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,20239,136],{"class":135},[44,20241,120],{"class":58},[44,20243,158],{"class":116},[44,20245,113],{"class":58},[44,20247,1469],{"class":116},[44,20249,120],{"class":58},[44,20251,63],{"class":62},[44,20253,305],{"class":66},[44,20255,63],{"class":62},[44,20257,83],{"class":58},[44,20259,75],{"class":62},[44,20261,20262],{"class":66},"N\u002FA",[44,20264,63],{"class":62},[44,20266,532],{"class":58},[44,20268,20269],{"class":147},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,20271,227,20272,20274,20275,113],{},[15,20273,1422],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,20276,238],{},[30,20278,243,20280,246],{"id":20279},"what-get-does",[15,20281,1422],{},[20,20283,2482,20284,11890],{},[15,20285,1422],{},[252,20287,20288,20291,20296,20299],{},[255,20289,20290],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[255,20292,11901,20293,20295],{},[15,20294,4282],{}," if the key does not exist",[255,20297,20298],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[255,20300,20301],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,20303,269],{},[35,20305,20307],{"className":37,"code":20306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,20308,20309,20347,20351,20376],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20310,20311,20313,20315,20317,20319,20321,20323,20325,20327,20330,20332,20334,20336,20339,20341,20343,20345],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20312,13327],{"class":50},[44,20314,55],{"class":54},[44,20316,59],{"class":58},[44,20318,63],{"class":62},[44,20320,67],{"class":66},[44,20322,63],{"class":62},[44,20324,72],{"class":58},[44,20326,75],{"class":62},[44,20328,20329],{"class":66},"Lina",[44,20331,63],{"class":62},[44,20333,83],{"class":58},[44,20335,75],{"class":62},[44,20337,20338],{"class":66},"grade",[44,20340,63],{"class":62},[44,20342,72],{"class":58},[44,20344,488],{"class":95},[44,20346,99],{"class":58},[44,20348,20349],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20350,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,20352,20353,20355,20357,20359,20361,20363,20365,20367,20369,20371,20373],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,20354,136],{"class":135},[44,20356,120],{"class":58},[44,20358,14085],{"class":116},[44,20360,113],{"class":58},[44,20362,1469],{"class":116},[44,20364,120],{"class":58},[44,20366,63],{"class":62},[44,20368,67],{"class":66},[44,20370,63],{"class":62},[44,20372,532],{"class":58},[44,20374,20375],{"class":147},"     # Lina\n",[44,20377,20378,20380,20382,20384,20386,20388,20390,20392,20394,20396,20398],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,20379,136],{"class":135},[44,20381,120],{"class":58},[44,20383,14085],{"class":116},[44,20385,113],{"class":58},[44,20387,1469],{"class":116},[44,20389,120],{"class":58},[44,20391,63],{"class":62},[44,20393,15715],{"class":66},[44,20395,63],{"class":62},[44,20397,532],{"class":58},[44,20399,20400],{"class":147},"    # None\n",[20,20402,20403],{},"In this example:",[252,20405,20406,20411],{},[255,20407,20408,20410],{},[15,20409,15696],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[255,20412,20413,20416,20417,2901,20419],{},[15,20414,20415],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20418,1422],{},[15,20420,4282],{},[20,20422,13483,20423,113],{},[625,20424,9649],{"href":9648},[30,20426,392],{"id":391},[20,20428,20429,20430,72],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20431,1422],{},[35,20433,20435],{"className":37,"code":20434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20436,20437,20451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20438,20439,20441,20443,20445,20447,20449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20440,16060],{"class":50},[44,20442,113],{"class":58},[44,20444,1469],{"class":116},[44,20446,120],{"class":58},[44,20448,414],{"class":116},[44,20450,129],{"class":58},[44,20452,20453,20455,20457,20459,20461,20463,20465,20468],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20454,16060],{"class":50},[44,20456,113],{"class":58},[44,20458,1469],{"class":116},[44,20460,120],{"class":58},[44,20462,414],{"class":116},[44,20464,83],{"class":58},[44,20466,20467],{"class":116}," default_value",[44,20469,129],{"class":58},[20,20471,20472],{},"What each part means:",[252,20474,20475,20480,20486],{},[255,20476,20477,20479],{},[15,20478,414],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[255,20481,20482,20485],{},[15,20483,20484],{},"default_value"," is optional",[255,20487,20488,20489],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20490,4282],{},[20,20492,269],{},[35,20494,20496],{"className":37,"code":20495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20497,20498,20522,20526,20551,20577],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20499,20500,20502,20504,20506,20508,20510,20512,20514,20516,20518,20520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20501,14285],{"class":50},[44,20503,55],{"class":54},[44,20505,59],{"class":58},[44,20507,63],{"class":62},[44,20509,12967],{"class":66},[44,20511,63],{"class":62},[44,20513,72],{"class":58},[44,20515,75],{"class":62},[44,20517,12976],{"class":66},[44,20519,63],{"class":62},[44,20521,99],{"class":58},[44,20523,20524],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20525,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,20527,20528,20530,20532,20534,20536,20538,20540,20542,20544,20546,20548],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,20529,136],{"class":135},[44,20531,120],{"class":58},[44,20533,14344],{"class":116},[44,20535,113],{"class":58},[44,20537,1469],{"class":116},[44,20539,120],{"class":58},[44,20541,63],{"class":62},[44,20543,12967],{"class":66},[44,20545,63],{"class":62},[44,20547,532],{"class":58},[44,20549,20550],{"class":147},"            # dark\n",[44,20552,20553,20555,20557,20559,20561,20563,20565,20567,20570,20572,20574],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,20554,136],{"class":135},[44,20556,120],{"class":58},[44,20558,14344],{"class":116},[44,20560,113],{"class":58},[44,20562,1469],{"class":116},[44,20564,120],{"class":58},[44,20566,63],{"class":62},[44,20568,20569],{"class":66},"language",[44,20571,63],{"class":62},[44,20573,532],{"class":58},[44,20575,20576],{"class":147},"         # None\n",[44,20578,20579,20581,20583,20585,20587,20589,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601,20604,20606,20608],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,20580,136],{"class":135},[44,20582,120],{"class":58},[44,20584,14344],{"class":116},[44,20586,113],{"class":58},[44,20588,1469],{"class":116},[44,20590,120],{"class":58},[44,20592,63],{"class":62},[44,20594,20569],{"class":66},[44,20596,63],{"class":62},[44,20598,83],{"class":58},[44,20600,75],{"class":62},[44,20602,20603],{"class":66},"en",[44,20605,63],{"class":62},[44,20607,532],{"class":58},[44,20609,20610],{"class":147},"   # en\n",[30,20612,769,20614],{"id":20613},"when-to-use-get",[15,20615,1422],{},[20,20617,227,20618,776],{},[15,20619,1422],{},[252,20621,20622,20625,20630,20633],{},[255,20623,20624],{},"A key might not exist",[255,20626,20627,20628],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20629,238],{},[255,20631,20632],{},"You are reading optional data",[255,20634,20635],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20637,20638],{},"Example with optional user data:",[35,20640,20642],{"className":37,"code":20641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20643,20644,20686,20690,20715,20741],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20645,20646,20648,20650,20652,20654,20656,20658,20660,20662,20665,20667,20669,20671,20673,20675,20677,20679,20682,20684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20647,279],{"class":50},[44,20649,55],{"class":54},[44,20651,59],{"class":58},[44,20653,63],{"class":62},[44,20655,8480],{"class":66},[44,20657,63],{"class":62},[44,20659,72],{"class":58},[44,20661,75],{"class":62},[44,20663,20664],{"class":66},"sam",[44,20666,63],{"class":62},[44,20668,83],{"class":58},[44,20670,75],{"class":62},[44,20672,15715],{"class":66},[44,20674,63],{"class":62},[44,20676,72],{"class":58},[44,20678,75],{"class":62},[44,20680,20681],{"class":66},"sam@example.com",[44,20683,63],{"class":62},[44,20685,99],{"class":58},[44,20687,20688],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20689,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,20691,20692,20694,20696,20698,20700,20702,20704,20706,20708,20710,20712],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,20693,136],{"class":135},[44,20695,120],{"class":58},[44,20697,373],{"class":116},[44,20699,113],{"class":58},[44,20701,1469],{"class":116},[44,20703,120],{"class":58},[44,20705,63],{"class":62},[44,20707,8480],{"class":66},[44,20709,63],{"class":62},[44,20711,532],{"class":58},[44,20713,20714],{"class":147},"              # sam\n",[44,20716,20717,20719,20721,20723,20725,20727,20729,20731,20734,20736,20738],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,20718,136],{"class":135},[44,20720,120],{"class":58},[44,20722,373],{"class":116},[44,20724,113],{"class":58},[44,20726,1469],{"class":116},[44,20728,120],{"class":58},[44,20730,63],{"class":62},[44,20732,20733],{"class":66},"phone",[44,20735,63],{"class":62},[44,20737,532],{"class":58},[44,20739,20740],{"class":147},"                 # None\n",[44,20742,20743,20745,20747,20749,20751,20753,20755,20757,20759,20761,20763,20765,20768,20770,20772],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,20744,136],{"class":135},[44,20746,120],{"class":58},[44,20748,373],{"class":116},[44,20750,113],{"class":58},[44,20752,1469],{"class":116},[44,20754,120],{"class":58},[44,20756,63],{"class":62},[44,20758,20733],{"class":66},[44,20760,63],{"class":62},[44,20762,83],{"class":58},[44,20764,75],{"class":62},[44,20766,20767],{"class":66},"Not provided",[44,20769,63],{"class":62},[44,20771,532],{"class":58},[44,20773,20774],{"class":147}," # Not provided\n",[20,20776,20777],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20779,20780,20781,113],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[625,20782,17052],{"href":2401},[30,20784,20786,20788],{"id":20785},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20787,1422],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20790,20791],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[35,20793,20795],{"className":37,"code":20794,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20796,20797,20811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20798,20799,20801,20803,20805,20807,20809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20800,750],{"class":50},[44,20802,896],{"class":58},[44,20804,63],{"class":62},[44,20806,414],{"class":66},[44,20808,63],{"class":62},[44,20810,1153],{"class":58},[44,20812,20813,20815,20817,20819,20821,20823,20825,20827],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20814,750],{"class":50},[44,20816,113],{"class":58},[44,20818,1469],{"class":116},[44,20820,120],{"class":58},[44,20822,63],{"class":62},[44,20824,414],{"class":66},[44,20826,63],{"class":62},[44,20828,129],{"class":58},[20,20830,20831],{},"The difference is important.",[981,20833,20835],{"id":20834},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20837,20838,20839,113],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20840,238],{},[35,20842,20844],{"className":37,"code":20843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20845,20846,20870,20874,20896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20847,20848,20850,20852,20854,20856,20858,20860,20862,20864,20866,20868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20849,616],{"class":50},[44,20851,55],{"class":54},[44,20853,59],{"class":58},[44,20855,63],{"class":62},[44,20857,67],{"class":66},[44,20859,63],{"class":62},[44,20861,72],{"class":58},[44,20863,75],{"class":62},[44,20865,78],{"class":66},[44,20867,63],{"class":62},[44,20869,99],{"class":58},[44,20871,20872],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20873,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,20875,20876,20878,20880,20882,20884,20886,20888,20890,20893],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,20877,136],{"class":135},[44,20879,120],{"class":58},[44,20881,750],{"class":116},[44,20883,896],{"class":58},[44,20885,63],{"class":62},[44,20887,67],{"class":66},[44,20889,63],{"class":62},[44,20891,20892],{"class":58},"])",[44,20894,20895],{"class":147},"   # Ana\n",[44,20897,20898,20900,20902,20904,20906,20908,20910,20912,20914],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,20899,136],{"class":135},[44,20901,120],{"class":58},[44,20903,750],{"class":116},[44,20905,896],{"class":58},[44,20907,63],{"class":62},[44,20909,305],{"class":66},[44,20911,63],{"class":62},[44,20913,20892],{"class":58},[44,20915,20916],{"class":147},"   # KeyError\n",[981,20918,20919],{"id":1469},[15,20920,1422],{},[20,20922,20923,20925],{},[15,20924,1422],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[35,20927,20929],{"className":37,"code":20928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20930,20931,20955,20959,20983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20932,20933,20935,20937,20939,20941,20943,20945,20947,20949,20951,20953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20934,616],{"class":50},[44,20936,55],{"class":54},[44,20938,59],{"class":58},[44,20940,63],{"class":62},[44,20942,67],{"class":66},[44,20944,63],{"class":62},[44,20946,72],{"class":58},[44,20948,75],{"class":62},[44,20950,78],{"class":66},[44,20952,63],{"class":62},[44,20954,99],{"class":58},[44,20956,20957],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20958,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,20960,20961,20963,20965,20967,20969,20971,20973,20975,20977,20979,20981],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,20962,136],{"class":135},[44,20964,120],{"class":58},[44,20966,750],{"class":116},[44,20968,113],{"class":58},[44,20970,1469],{"class":116},[44,20972,120],{"class":58},[44,20974,63],{"class":62},[44,20976,67],{"class":66},[44,20978,63],{"class":62},[44,20980,532],{"class":58},[44,20982,20895],{"class":147},[44,20984,20985,20987,20989,20991,20993,20995,20997,20999,21001,21003,21005],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,20986,136],{"class":135},[44,20988,120],{"class":58},[44,20990,750],{"class":116},[44,20992,113],{"class":58},[44,20994,1469],{"class":116},[44,20996,120],{"class":58},[44,20998,63],{"class":62},[44,21000,305],{"class":66},[44,21002,63],{"class":62},[44,21004,532],{"class":58},[44,21006,1287],{"class":147},[20,21008,19144],{},[252,21010,21011,21017],{},[255,21012,21013,21014],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[590,21015,21016],{},"must exist",[255,21018,21019,21021,21022],{},[15,21020,1422],{}," when the key is ",[590,21023,21024],{},"optional",[20,21026,21027,21028,113],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[625,21029,1522],{"href":1521},[30,21031,21033],{"id":21032},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,21035,21036,21037,21039],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,21038,1422],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[35,21041,21043],{"className":37,"code":21042,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,21044,21045,21070,21074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21046,21047,21050,21052,21054,21056,21058,21060,21062,21064,21066,21068],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21048,21049],{"class":50},"profile ",[44,21051,55],{"class":54},[44,21053,59],{"class":58},[44,21055,63],{"class":62},[44,21057,67],{"class":66},[44,21059,63],{"class":62},[44,21061,72],{"class":58},[44,21063,75],{"class":62},[44,21065,1814],{"class":66},[44,21067,63],{"class":62},[44,21069,99],{"class":58},[44,21071,21072],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21073,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,21075,21076,21078,21080,21083,21085,21087,21089,21091,21093,21095,21097,21099,21102,21104,21106],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,21077,136],{"class":135},[44,21079,120],{"class":58},[44,21081,21082],{"class":116},"profile",[44,21084,113],{"class":58},[44,21086,1469],{"class":116},[44,21088,120],{"class":58},[44,21090,63],{"class":62},[44,21092,197],{"class":66},[44,21094,63],{"class":62},[44,21096,83],{"class":58},[44,21098,75],{"class":62},[44,21100,21101],{"class":66},"Unknown",[44,21103,63],{"class":62},[44,21105,532],{"class":58},[44,21107,21108],{"class":147},"  # Unknown\n",[20,21110,21111],{},"This is useful for display text:",[252,21113,21114,21119,21124],{},[255,21115,21116],{},[15,21117,21118],{},"\"Unknown\"",[255,21120,21121],{},[15,21122,21123],{},"\"Not set\"",[255,21125,21126],{},[15,21127,21128],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,21130,21131],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[35,21133,21135],{"className":37,"code":21134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,21136,21137,21169,21173,21200],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21138,21139,21141,21143,21145,21147,21149,21151,21153,21155,21157,21159,21161,21163,21165,21167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21140,472],{"class":50},[44,21142,55],{"class":54},[44,21144,59],{"class":58},[44,21146,63],{"class":62},[44,21148,481],{"class":66},[44,21150,63],{"class":62},[44,21152,72],{"class":58},[44,21154,632],{"class":95},[44,21156,83],{"class":58},[44,21158,75],{"class":62},[44,21160,495],{"class":66},[44,21162,63],{"class":62},[44,21164,72],{"class":58},[44,21166,6861],{"class":95},[44,21168,99],{"class":58},[44,21170,21171],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21172,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,21174,21175,21178,21180,21182,21184,21186,21188,21190,21192,21194,21196,21198],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,21176,21177],{"class":50},"total_history ",[44,21179,55],{"class":54},[44,21181,5611],{"class":50},[44,21183,113],{"class":58},[44,21185,1469],{"class":116},[44,21187,120],{"class":58},[44,21189,63],{"class":62},[44,21191,554],{"class":66},[44,21193,63],{"class":62},[44,21195,83],{"class":58},[44,21197,561],{"class":95},[44,21199,129],{"class":58},[44,21201,21202,21204,21206,21209,21211],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,21203,136],{"class":135},[44,21205,120],{"class":58},[44,21207,21208],{"class":116},"total_history",[44,21210,144],{"class":58},[44,21212,566],{"class":147},[20,21214,381,21215,21217],{},[15,21216,2626],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,21219,21220],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[252,21222,21223,21226,21231,21236],{},[255,21224,21225],{},"Use a string for text",[255,21227,227,21228,21230],{},[15,21229,2626],{}," for numbers",[255,21232,227,21233,21235],{},[15,21234,4291],{}," for lists if needed",[255,21237,227,21238,21240],{},[15,21239,4296],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[30,21242,21244],{"id":21243},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,21246,21247,21248,113],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,21249,1422],{},[981,21251,21253,21255],{"id":21252},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,21254,1422],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,21257,21258,21259,21261],{},"This code does ",[590,21260,592],{}," create a new key:",[35,21263,21265],{"className":37,"code":21264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,21266,21267,21291,21295,21320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21268,21269,21271,21273,21275,21277,21279,21281,21283,21285,21287,21289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21270,51],{"class":50},[44,21272,55],{"class":54},[44,21274,59],{"class":58},[44,21276,63],{"class":62},[44,21278,67],{"class":66},[44,21280,63],{"class":62},[44,21282,72],{"class":58},[44,21284,75],{"class":62},[44,21286,78],{"class":66},[44,21288,63],{"class":62},[44,21290,99],{"class":58},[44,21292,21293],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21294,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,21296,21297,21299,21301,21303,21305,21307,21309,21311,21313,21315,21317],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,21298,136],{"class":135},[44,21300,120],{"class":58},[44,21302,158],{"class":116},[44,21304,113],{"class":58},[44,21306,1469],{"class":116},[44,21308,120],{"class":58},[44,21310,63],{"class":62},[44,21312,305],{"class":66},[44,21314,63],{"class":62},[44,21316,532],{"class":58},[44,21318,21319],{"class":147},"  # None\n",[44,21321,21322,21324,21326,21328,21330],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,21323,136],{"class":135},[44,21325,120],{"class":58},[44,21327,158],{"class":116},[44,21329,144],{"class":58},[44,21331,21332],{"class":147},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21334,21335],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[981,21337,21339,21341],{"id":21338},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21340,1422],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21343,21344],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[35,21346,21348],{"className":37,"code":21347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21349,21350,21376,21380,21406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21351,21352,21354,21356,21358,21360,21363,21365,21367,21369,21372,21374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21353,14285],{"class":50},[44,21355,55],{"class":54},[44,21357,59],{"class":58},[44,21359,63],{"class":62},[44,21361,21362],{"class":66},"mode",[44,21364,63],{"class":62},[44,21366,72],{"class":58},[44,21368,75],{"class":62},[44,21370,21371],{"class":66},"light",[44,21373,63],{"class":62},[44,21375,99],{"class":58},[44,21377,21378],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21379,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,21381,21382,21384,21386,21388,21390,21392,21394,21396,21398,21400,21402,21404],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,21383,14344],{"class":50},[44,21385,113],{"class":58},[44,21387,1469],{"class":116},[44,21389,120],{"class":58},[44,21391,63],{"class":62},[44,21393,12967],{"class":66},[44,21395,63],{"class":62},[44,21397,83],{"class":58},[44,21399,75],{"class":62},[44,21401,12976],{"class":66},[44,21403,63],{"class":62},[44,21405,129],{"class":58},[44,21407,21408,21410,21412,21414,21416],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,21409,136],{"class":135},[44,21411,120],{"class":58},[44,21413,14344],{"class":116},[44,21415,144],{"class":58},[44,21417,21418],{"class":147},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21420,21421,21422,21425],{},"Even though ",[15,21423,21424],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[981,21427,21429,21430],{"id":21428},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21431,4282],{},[20,21433,21434,21435,2901,21437,21439],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21436,1422],{},[15,21438,4282],{}," because:",[252,21441,21442,21445],{},[255,21443,21444],{},"The key is missing, or",[255,21446,21447,21448],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21449,4282],{},[20,21451,269],{},[35,21453,21455],{"className":37,"code":21454,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21456,21457,21494,21498,21522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21458,21459,21461,21463,21465,21467,21469,21471,21473,21475,21477,21479,21481,21483,21486,21488,21490,21492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21460,616],{"class":50},[44,21462,55],{"class":54},[44,21464,59],{"class":58},[44,21466,63],{"class":62},[44,21468,67],{"class":66},[44,21470,63],{"class":62},[44,21472,72],{"class":58},[44,21474,75],{"class":62},[44,21476,78],{"class":66},[44,21478,63],{"class":62},[44,21480,83],{"class":58},[44,21482,75],{"class":62},[44,21484,21485],{"class":66},"nickname",[44,21487,63],{"class":62},[44,21489,72],{"class":58},[44,21491,1267],{"class":1266},[44,21493,99],{"class":58},[44,21495,21496],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21497,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,21499,21500,21502,21504,21506,21508,21510,21512,21514,21516,21518,21520],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,21501,136],{"class":135},[44,21503,120],{"class":58},[44,21505,750],{"class":116},[44,21507,113],{"class":58},[44,21509,1469],{"class":116},[44,21511,120],{"class":58},[44,21513,63],{"class":62},[44,21515,21485],{"class":66},[44,21517,63],{"class":62},[44,21519,532],{"class":58},[44,21521,21319],{"class":147},[44,21523,21524,21526,21528,21530,21532,21534,21536,21538,21540,21542,21544],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,21525,136],{"class":135},[44,21527,120],{"class":58},[44,21529,750],{"class":116},[44,21531,113],{"class":58},[44,21533,1469],{"class":116},[44,21535,120],{"class":58},[44,21537,63],{"class":62},[44,21539,305],{"class":66},[44,21541,63],{"class":62},[44,21543,532],{"class":58},[44,21545,21546],{"class":147},"      # None\n",[20,21548,21549,21550,21552],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21551,4282],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21554,21555,21556,72],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21557,4385],{},[35,21559,21561],{"className":37,"code":21560,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21562,21563,21599,21603,21623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21564,21565,21567,21569,21571,21573,21575,21577,21579,21581,21583,21585,21587,21589,21591,21593,21595,21597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21566,616],{"class":50},[44,21568,55],{"class":54},[44,21570,59],{"class":58},[44,21572,63],{"class":62},[44,21574,67],{"class":66},[44,21576,63],{"class":62},[44,21578,72],{"class":58},[44,21580,75],{"class":62},[44,21582,78],{"class":66},[44,21584,63],{"class":62},[44,21586,83],{"class":58},[44,21588,75],{"class":62},[44,21590,21485],{"class":66},[44,21592,63],{"class":62},[44,21594,72],{"class":58},[44,21596,1267],{"class":1266},[44,21598,99],{"class":58},[44,21600,21601],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21602,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,21604,21605,21607,21609,21611,21613,21615,21617,21619,21621],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,21606,136],{"class":135},[44,21608,120],{"class":58},[44,21610,63],{"class":62},[44,21612,21485],{"class":66},[44,21614,63],{"class":62},[44,21616,1354],{"class":1140},[44,21618,662],{"class":116},[44,21620,144],{"class":58},[44,21622,4168],{"class":147},[44,21624,21625,21627,21629,21631,21633,21635,21637,21639,21641],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,21626,136],{"class":135},[44,21628,120],{"class":58},[44,21630,63],{"class":62},[44,21632,305],{"class":66},[44,21634,63],{"class":62},[44,21636,1354],{"class":1140},[44,21638,662],{"class":116},[44,21640,144],{"class":58},[44,21642,21643],{"class":147},"      # False\n",[20,21645,21646,21647,113],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[625,21648,21649],{"href":17607},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[30,21651,3335],{"id":3334},[20,21653,21654,21655,72],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21656,1422],{},[252,21658,21659,21664,21671,21676],{},[255,21660,21661,21662],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21663,238],{},[255,21665,1675,21666,2901,21668,21670],{},[15,21667,1422],{},[15,21669,4282],{}," if no default is provided",[255,21672,5082,21673,21675],{},[15,21674,1422],{}," creates a key automatically",[255,21677,21678],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21680,21681],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[35,21683,21685],{"className":37,"code":21684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21686,21687,21697,21711,21729,21751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21688,21689,21691,21693,21695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21690,136],{"class":135},[44,21692,120],{"class":58},[44,21694,405],{"class":116},[44,21696,129],{"class":58},[44,21698,21699,21701,21703,21705,21707,21709],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21700,136],{"class":135},[44,21702,120],{"class":58},[44,21704,405],{"class":116},[44,21706,113],{"class":58},[44,21708,2185],{"class":116},[44,21710,2188],{"class":58},[44,21712,21713,21715,21717,21719,21721,21723,21725,21727],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,21714,136],{"class":135},[44,21716,120],{"class":58},[44,21718,2197],{"class":62},[44,21720,67],{"class":66},[44,21722,2197],{"class":62},[44,21724,1354],{"class":1140},[44,21726,1249],{"class":116},[44,21728,129],{"class":58},[44,21730,21731,21733,21735,21737,21739,21741,21743,21745,21747,21749],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,21732,136],{"class":135},[44,21734,120],{"class":58},[44,21736,405],{"class":116},[44,21738,113],{"class":58},[44,21740,1469],{"class":116},[44,21742,120],{"class":58},[44,21744,2197],{"class":62},[44,21746,67],{"class":66},[44,21748,2197],{"class":62},[44,21750,2239],{"class":58},[44,21752,21753,21755,21757,21759,21761,21763,21765,21767,21769,21771,21773,21775],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,21754,136],{"class":135},[44,21756,120],{"class":58},[44,21758,2249],{"class":2248},[44,21760,120],{"class":58},[44,21762,405],{"class":116},[44,21764,113],{"class":58},[44,21766,1469],{"class":116},[44,21768,120],{"class":58},[44,21770,2197],{"class":62},[44,21772,67],{"class":66},[44,21774,2197],{"class":62},[44,21776,3418],{"class":58},[20,21778,2258],{},[252,21780,21781,21786,21791,21796,21802],{},[255,21782,21783,21785],{},[15,21784,2265],{}," shows the full dictionary",[255,21787,21788,21790],{},[15,21789,2271],{}," shows which keys exist",[255,21792,21793,21795],{},[15,21794,2277],{}," checks if a specific key exists",[255,21797,21798,21801],{},[15,21799,21800],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[255,21803,21804,21807],{},[15,21805,21806],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21809,21810,21811,976,21816,21820],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[625,21812,21813,21814,11221],{"href":17516},"the dictionary ",[15,21815,17519],{},[625,21817,21813,21818,11221],{"href":17529},[15,21819,17532],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[30,21822,2301],{"id":2300},[981,21824,2329,21826,21828,21829,2363],{"id":21825},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21827,1422],{}," raise ",[15,21830,238],{},[20,21832,21833,21834,21836],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21835,4282],{}," or the default value you provide.",[981,21838,2329,21840,21842],{"id":21839},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21841,1422],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21844,21845],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[981,21847,21849,21850,2363],{"id":21848},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21851,1422],{},[20,21853,21854,21856],{},[15,21855,4282],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[981,21858,21860,21861,21863],{"id":21859},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21862,1422],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21865,227,21866,21868],{},[15,21867,1422],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[30,21870,2375],{"id":2374},[252,21872,21873,21877,21883,21889,21893,21897],{},[255,21874,21875],{},[625,21876,9649],{"href":9648},[255,21878,21879],{},[625,21880,11218,21881,11221],{"href":17516},[15,21882,17519],{},[255,21884,21885],{},[625,21886,11218,21887,11221],{"href":17529},[15,21888,17532],{},[255,21890,21891],{},[625,21892,17608],{"href":17607},[255,21894,21895],{},[625,21896,2402],{"href":2401},[255,21898,21899],{},[625,21900,1522],{"href":1521},[2414,21902,21903],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":21905},[21906,21908,21909,21911,21916,21917,21925,21926,21936],{"id":20279,"depth":102,"text":21907},"What get() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":20613,"depth":102,"text":21910},"When to use get()",{"id":20785,"depth":102,"text":21912,"children":21913},"get() vs square brackets",[21914,21915],{"id":20834,"depth":132,"text":20835},{"id":1469,"depth":132,"text":1422},{"id":21032,"depth":102,"text":21033},{"id":21243,"depth":102,"text":21244,"children":21918},[21919,21921,21923],{"id":21252,"depth":132,"text":21920},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21338,"depth":132,"text":21922},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21428,"depth":132,"text":21924},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":21927},[21928,21930,21932,21934],{"id":21825,"depth":132,"text":21929},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21839,"depth":132,"text":21931},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21848,"depth":132,"text":21933},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21859,"depth":132,"text":21935},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":2384,"description":21937},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21944,"title":21945,"body":21946,"description":24502,"extension":2465,"meta":24503,"navigation":169,"path":24504,"seo":24505,"stem":24506,"__hash__":24507},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21947,"toc":24468},[21948,21953,21959,21965,21967,22049,22053,22069,22074,22079,22084,22086,22100,22102,22165,22169,22209,22217,22219,22221,22236,22239,22252,22254,22333,22337,22403,22405,22409,22417,22419,22430,22432,22542,22546,22625,22631,22637,22642,22755,22759,22791,22794,22901,22907,22914,22918,22921,23024,23028,23089,23092,23095,23106,23115,23118,23135,23137,23236,23240,23315,23318,23341,23346,23351,23368,23370,23491,23495,23529,23531,23536,23543,23553,23555,23633,23636,23707,23717,23720,23752,23755,23794,23800,23807,23810,23901,23905,23986,23992,23995,23998,24103,24106,24109,24231,24235,24238,24305,24309,24346,24352,24354,24360,24365,24371,24378,24384,24387,24426,24432,24435,24437,24465],[10,21949,13,21951,18],{"id":21950},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21952,17532],{},[20,21954,2482,21955,21958],{},[15,21956,21957],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21960,21961,21962,21964],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21963,17532],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[30,21966,2507],{"id":2506},[35,21968,21970],{"className":37,"code":21969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21971,21972,22008,22012,22035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21973,21974,21976,21978,21980,21982,21984,21986,21988,21990,21992,21994,21996,21998,22000,22002,22004,22006],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21975,51],{"class":50},[44,21977,55],{"class":54},[44,21979,59],{"class":58},[44,21981,63],{"class":62},[44,21983,67],{"class":66},[44,21985,63],{"class":62},[44,21987,72],{"class":58},[44,21989,75],{"class":62},[44,21991,78],{"class":66},[44,21993,63],{"class":62},[44,21995,83],{"class":58},[44,21997,75],{"class":62},[44,21999,88],{"class":66},[44,22001,63],{"class":62},[44,22003,72],{"class":58},[44,22005,96],{"class":95},[44,22007,99],{"class":58},[44,22009,22010],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22011,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,22013,22014,22016,22019,22021,22024,22026,22028,22030,22032],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,22015,6459],{"class":1140},[44,22017,22018],{"class":50}," key",[44,22020,83],{"class":58},[44,22022,22023],{"class":50}," value ",[44,22025,4385],{"class":1140},[44,22027,110],{"class":50},[44,22029,113],{"class":58},[44,22031,8305],{"class":116},[44,22033,22034],{"class":58},"():\n",[44,22036,22037,22039,22041,22043,22045,22047],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,22038,1387],{"class":135},[44,22040,120],{"class":58},[44,22042,414],{"class":116},[44,22044,83],{"class":58},[44,22046,8928],{"class":116},[44,22048,129],{"class":58},[20,22050,22051],{},[590,22052,2576],{},[35,22054,22056],{"className":37,"code":22055,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,22057,22058,22063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22059,22060],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22061,22062],{"class":50},"name Ana\n",[44,22064,22065,22067],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22066,1036],{"class":50},[44,22068,3213],{"class":95},[20,22070,227,22071,22073],{},[15,22072,17532],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[30,22075,243,22077,246],{"id":22076},"what-items-does",[15,22078,17532],{},[20,22080,22081,22083],{},[15,22082,17532],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,22085,11935],{},[252,22087,22088,22094,22097],{},[255,22089,22090,22091],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,22092,22093],{},"(key, value)",[255,22095,22096],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[255,22098,22099],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,22101,269],{},[35,22103,22105],{"className":37,"code":22104,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22106,22107,22143,22147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22108,22109,22111,22113,22115,22117,22119,22121,22123,22125,22127,22129,22131,22133,22135,22137,22139,22141],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22110,51],{"class":50},[44,22112,55],{"class":54},[44,22114,59],{"class":58},[44,22116,63],{"class":62},[44,22118,67],{"class":66},[44,22120,63],{"class":62},[44,22122,72],{"class":58},[44,22124,75],{"class":62},[44,22126,78],{"class":66},[44,22128,63],{"class":62},[44,22130,83],{"class":58},[44,22132,75],{"class":62},[44,22134,88],{"class":66},[44,22136,63],{"class":62},[44,22138,72],{"class":58},[44,22140,96],{"class":95},[44,22142,99],{"class":58},[44,22144,22145],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22146,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,22148,22149,22151,22153,22155,22157,22159,22161,22163],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,22150,136],{"class":135},[44,22152,120],{"class":58},[44,22154,8588],{"class":2248},[44,22156,120],{"class":58},[44,22158,158],{"class":116},[44,22160,113],{"class":58},[44,22162,8305],{"class":116},[44,22164,6791],{"class":58},[20,22166,22167],{},[590,22168,2576],{},[35,22170,22172],{"className":37,"code":22171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22173,22174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22175,22176,22179,22181,22183,22185,22187,22189,22191,22193,22195,22197,22199,22201,22203,22205,22207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22177,22178],{"class":58},"[(",[44,22180,2197],{"class":62},[44,22182,67],{"class":66},[44,22184,2197],{"class":62},[44,22186,83],{"class":58},[44,22188,2232],{"class":62},[44,22190,78],{"class":66},[44,22192,2197],{"class":62},[44,22194,9725],{"class":58},[44,22196,9728],{"class":58},[44,22198,2197],{"class":62},[44,22200,88],{"class":66},[44,22202,2197],{"class":62},[44,22204,83],{"class":58},[44,22206,96],{"class":95},[44,22208,9741],{"class":58},[20,22210,22211,22212,3384,22214,113],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[625,22213,9649],{"href":13486},[625,22215,15481],{"href":22216},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[30,22218,392],{"id":391},[20,22220,5935],{},[35,22222,22224],{"className":37,"code":22223,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,22225,22226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22227,22228,22230,22232,22234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22229,405],{"class":50},[44,22231,113],{"class":58},[44,22233,8305],{"class":116},[44,22235,9138],{"class":58},[20,22237,22238],{},"Things to remember:",[252,22240,22241,22246,22249],{},[255,22242,22243,22245],{},[15,22244,17532],{}," does not take any arguments",[255,22247,22248],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[255,22250,22251],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,22253,269],{},[35,22255,22257],{"className":37,"code":22256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,22258,22259,22291,22295,22309,22313,22323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22260,22261,22263,22265,22267,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279,22281,22283,22285,22287,22289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22262,472],{"class":50},[44,22264,55],{"class":54},[44,22266,59],{"class":58},[44,22268,63],{"class":62},[44,22270,5505],{"class":66},[44,22272,63],{"class":62},[44,22274,72],{"class":58},[44,22276,488],{"class":95},[44,22278,83],{"class":58},[44,22280,75],{"class":62},[44,22282,5514],{"class":66},[44,22284,63],{"class":62},[44,22286,72],{"class":58},[44,22288,502],{"class":95},[44,22290,99],{"class":58},[44,22292,22293],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22294,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,22296,22297,22299,22301,22303,22305,22307],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,22298,1953],{"class":50},[44,22300,55],{"class":54},[44,22302,5611],{"class":50},[44,22304,113],{"class":58},[44,22306,8305],{"class":116},[44,22308,9138],{"class":58},[44,22310,22311],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,22312,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,22314,22315,22317,22319,22321],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,22316,136],{"class":135},[44,22318,120],{"class":58},[44,22320,1984],{"class":116},[44,22322,129],{"class":58},[44,22324,22325,22327,22329,22331],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,22326,136],{"class":135},[44,22328,120],{"class":58},[44,22330,517],{"class":116},[44,22332,129],{"class":58},[20,22334,22335],{},[590,22336,2576],{},[35,22338,22340],{"className":37,"code":22339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22341,22342,22375],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22343,22344,22347,22349,22351,22353,22355,22357,22359,22361,22363,22365,22367,22369,22371,22373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22345,22346],{"class":116},"dict_items",[44,22348,10145],{"class":58},[44,22350,2197],{"class":62},[44,22352,5505],{"class":66},[44,22354,2197],{"class":62},[44,22356,83],{"class":58},[44,22358,488],{"class":95},[44,22360,9725],{"class":58},[44,22362,9728],{"class":58},[44,22364,2197],{"class":62},[44,22366,5514],{"class":66},[44,22368,2197],{"class":62},[44,22370,83],{"class":58},[44,22372,502],{"class":95},[44,22374,11161],{"class":58},[44,22376,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385,22387,22389,22391,22393,22395,22397,22399,22401],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22378,9770],{"class":58},[44,22380,2197],{"class":62},[44,22382,5505],{"class":66},[44,22384,2197],{"class":62},[44,22386,72],{"class":58},[44,22388,488],{"class":95},[44,22390,83],{"class":58},[44,22392,2232],{"class":62},[44,22394,5514],{"class":66},[44,22396,2197],{"class":62},[44,22398,72],{"class":58},[44,22400,502],{"class":95},[44,22402,99],{"class":58},[20,22404,21335],{},[30,22406,22408],{"id":22407},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22410,22411,22413,22414,22416],{},[15,22412,17532],{}," returns a ",[15,22415,22346],{}," view object.",[20,22418,2613],{},[252,22420,22421,22424,22427],{},[255,22422,22423],{},"You can loop over it",[255,22425,22426],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[255,22428,22429],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22431,269],{},[35,22433,22435],{"className":37,"code":22434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22436,22437,22469,22483,22487,22501,22505,22524,22528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22438,22439,22441,22443,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459,22461,22463,22465,22467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22440,616],{"class":50},[44,22442,55],{"class":54},[44,22444,59],{"class":58},[44,22446,63],{"class":62},[44,22448,1696],{"class":66},[44,22450,63],{"class":62},[44,22452,72],{"class":58},[44,22454,1703],{"class":95},[44,22456,83],{"class":58},[44,22458,75],{"class":62},[44,22460,1710],{"class":66},[44,22462,63],{"class":62},[44,22464,72],{"class":58},[44,22466,1717],{"class":95},[44,22468,99],{"class":58},[44,22470,22471,22473,22475,22477,22479,22481],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22472,9707],{"class":50},[44,22474,55],{"class":54},[44,22476,662],{"class":50},[44,22478,113],{"class":58},[44,22480,8305],{"class":116},[44,22482,9138],{"class":58},[44,22484,22485],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,22486,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,22488,22489,22491,22493,22495,22497,22499],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,22490,136],{"class":135},[44,22492,120],{"class":58},[44,22494,8588],{"class":2248},[44,22496,120],{"class":58},[44,22498,9754],{"class":116},[44,22500,2239],{"class":58},[44,22502,22503],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,22504,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,22506,22507,22509,22511,22513,22516,22518,22520,22522],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,22508,750],{"class":50},[44,22510,896],{"class":58},[44,22512,63],{"class":62},[44,22514,22515],{"class":66},"z",[44,22517,63],{"class":62},[44,22519,905],{"class":58},[44,22521,13736],{"class":54},[44,22523,3081],{"class":95},[44,22525,22526],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,22527,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,22529,22530,22532,22534,22536,22538,22540],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,22531,136],{"class":135},[44,22533,120],{"class":58},[44,22535,8588],{"class":2248},[44,22537,120],{"class":58},[44,22539,9754],{"class":116},[44,22541,2239],{"class":58},[20,22543,22544],{},[590,22545,2576],{},[35,22547,22549],{"className":37,"code":22548,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22550,22551,22581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22552,22553,22555,22557,22559,22561,22563,22565,22567,22569,22571,22573,22575,22577,22579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22554,22178],{"class":58},[44,22556,2197],{"class":62},[44,22558,1696],{"class":66},[44,22560,2197],{"class":62},[44,22562,83],{"class":58},[44,22564,1703],{"class":95},[44,22566,9725],{"class":58},[44,22568,9728],{"class":58},[44,22570,2197],{"class":62},[44,22572,1710],{"class":66},[44,22574,2197],{"class":62},[44,22576,83],{"class":58},[44,22578,1717],{"class":95},[44,22580,9741],{"class":58},[44,22582,22583,22585,22587,22589,22591,22593,22595,22597,22599,22601,22603,22605,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617,22619,22621,22623],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22584,22178],{"class":58},[44,22586,2197],{"class":62},[44,22588,1696],{"class":66},[44,22590,2197],{"class":62},[44,22592,83],{"class":58},[44,22594,1703],{"class":95},[44,22596,9725],{"class":58},[44,22598,9728],{"class":58},[44,22600,2197],{"class":62},[44,22602,1710],{"class":66},[44,22604,2197],{"class":62},[44,22606,83],{"class":58},[44,22608,1717],{"class":95},[44,22610,9725],{"class":58},[44,22612,9728],{"class":58},[44,22614,2197],{"class":62},[44,22616,22515],{"class":66},[44,22618,2197],{"class":62},[44,22620,83],{"class":58},[44,22622,2955],{"class":95},[44,22624,9741],{"class":58},[20,22626,22627,22628,22630],{},"This happens because ",[15,22629,9754],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[30,22632,22634,22635],{"id":22633},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22636,17532],{},[20,22638,22639,22640,72],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22641,17532],{},[35,22643,22645],{"className":37,"code":22644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22646,22647,22700,22704,22724],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22648,22649,22651,22653,22655,22657,22659,22661,22663,22665,22667,22669,22671,22673,22675,22677,22679,22681,22684,22686,22688,22690,22692,22694,22696,22698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22650,13327],{"class":50},[44,22652,55],{"class":54},[44,22654,59],{"class":58},[44,22656,63],{"class":62},[44,22658,67],{"class":66},[44,22660,63],{"class":62},[44,22662,72],{"class":58},[44,22664,75],{"class":62},[44,22666,1814],{"class":66},[44,22668,63],{"class":62},[44,22670,83],{"class":58},[44,22672,75],{"class":62},[44,22674,20338],{"class":66},[44,22676,63],{"class":62},[44,22678,72],{"class":58},[44,22680,75],{"class":62},[44,22682,22683],{"class":66},"A",[44,22685,63],{"class":62},[44,22687,83],{"class":58},[44,22689,75],{"class":62},[44,22691,88],{"class":66},[44,22693,63],{"class":62},[44,22695,72],{"class":58},[44,22697,14317],{"class":95},[44,22699,99],{"class":58},[44,22701,22702],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22703,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,22705,22706,22708,22710,22712,22714,22716,22718,22720,22722],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,22707,6459],{"class":1140},[44,22709,22018],{"class":50},[44,22711,83],{"class":58},[44,22713,22023],{"class":50},[44,22715,4385],{"class":1140},[44,22717,13369],{"class":50},[44,22719,113],{"class":58},[44,22721,8305],{"class":116},[44,22723,22034],{"class":58},[44,22725,22726,22728,22730,22733,22735,22737,22739,22742,22745,22747,22749,22751,22753],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,22727,1387],{"class":135},[44,22729,120],{"class":58},[44,22731,22732],{"class":2570},"f",[44,22734,63],{"class":66},[44,22736,9770],{"class":95},[44,22738,414],{"class":116},[44,22740,22741],{"class":95},"}",[44,22743,22744],{"class":66},": ",[44,22746,9770],{"class":95},[44,22748,1282],{"class":116},[44,22750,22741],{"class":95},[44,22752,63],{"class":66},[44,22754,129],{"class":58},[20,22756,22757],{},[590,22758,2576],{},[35,22760,22762],{"className":37,"code":22761,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22763,22764,22773,22782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22765,22766,22768,22770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22767,67],{"class":50},[44,22769,72],{"class":58},[44,22771,22772],{"class":50}," Mia\n",[44,22774,22775,22777,22779],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22776,20338],{"class":50},[44,22778,72],{"class":58},[44,22780,22781],{"class":50}," A\n",[44,22783,22784,22786,22788],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,22785,88],{"class":50},[44,22787,72],{"class":58},[44,22789,22790],{"class":95}," 14\n",[20,22792,22793],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[35,22795,22797],{"className":37,"code":22796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22798,22799,22851,22855,22867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22800,22801,22803,22805,22807,22809,22811,22813,22815,22817,22819,22821,22823,22825,22827,22829,22831,22833,22835,22837,22839,22841,22843,22845,22847,22849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22802,13327],{"class":50},[44,22804,55],{"class":54},[44,22806,59],{"class":58},[44,22808,63],{"class":62},[44,22810,67],{"class":66},[44,22812,63],{"class":62},[44,22814,72],{"class":58},[44,22816,75],{"class":62},[44,22818,1814],{"class":66},[44,22820,63],{"class":62},[44,22822,83],{"class":58},[44,22824,75],{"class":62},[44,22826,20338],{"class":66},[44,22828,63],{"class":62},[44,22830,72],{"class":58},[44,22832,75],{"class":62},[44,22834,22683],{"class":66},[44,22836,63],{"class":62},[44,22838,83],{"class":58},[44,22840,75],{"class":62},[44,22842,88],{"class":66},[44,22844,63],{"class":62},[44,22846,72],{"class":58},[44,22848,14317],{"class":95},[44,22850,99],{"class":58},[44,22852,22853],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22854,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,22856,22857,22859,22861,22863,22865],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,22858,6459],{"class":1140},[44,22860,18661],{"class":50},[44,22862,4385],{"class":1140},[44,22864,13369],{"class":50},[44,22866,1359],{"class":58},[44,22868,22869,22871,22873,22875,22877,22879,22881,22883,22885,22887,22889,22891,22893,22895,22897,22899],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,22870,1387],{"class":135},[44,22872,120],{"class":58},[44,22874,22732],{"class":2570},[44,22876,63],{"class":66},[44,22878,9770],{"class":95},[44,22880,414],{"class":116},[44,22882,22741],{"class":95},[44,22884,22744],{"class":66},[44,22886,9770],{"class":95},[44,22888,14085],{"class":116},[44,22890,896],{"class":58},[44,22892,414],{"class":116},[44,22894,905],{"class":58},[44,22896,22741],{"class":95},[44,22898,63],{"class":66},[44,22900,129],{"class":58},[20,22902,7009,22903,22906],{},[15,22904,22905],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22908,22909,22910,113],{},"For a full guide, see ",[625,22911,22913],{"href":22912},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[30,22915,22917],{"id":22916},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22919,22920],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[35,22922,22924],{"className":37,"code":22923,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22925,22926,22985,22989,23009,23013],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22927,22928,22930,22932,22934,22936,22938,22940,22942,22944,22946,22948,22950,22952,22954,22956,22958,22960,22963,22965,22967,22969,22972,22974,22976,22978,22981,22983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22929,13539],{"class":50},[44,22931,55],{"class":54},[44,22933,59],{"class":58},[44,22935,63],{"class":62},[44,22937,4582],{"class":66},[44,22939,63],{"class":62},[44,22941,72],{"class":58},[44,22943,75],{"class":62},[44,22945,13556],{"class":66},[44,22947,63],{"class":62},[44,22949,83],{"class":58},[44,22951,75],{"class":62},[44,22953,4591],{"class":66},[44,22955,63],{"class":62},[44,22957,72],{"class":58},[44,22959,75],{"class":62},[44,22961,22962],{"class":66},"yellow",[44,22964,63],{"class":62},[44,22966,83],{"class":58},[44,22968,75],{"class":62},[44,22970,22971],{"class":66},"grape",[44,22973,63],{"class":62},[44,22975,72],{"class":58},[44,22977,75],{"class":62},[44,22979,22980],{"class":66},"purple",[44,22982,63],{"class":62},[44,22984,99],{"class":58},[44,22986,22987],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22988,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,22990,22991,22994,22996,22999,23001,23003,23005,23007],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,22992,22993],{"class":50},"pairs_list ",[44,22995,55],{"class":54},[44,22997,22998],{"class":2248}," list",[44,23000,120],{"class":58},[44,23002,17954],{"class":116},[44,23004,113],{"class":58},[44,23006,8305],{"class":116},[44,23008,2188],{"class":58},[44,23010,23011],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,23012,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,23014,23015,23017,23019,23022],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,23016,136],{"class":135},[44,23018,120],{"class":58},[44,23020,23021],{"class":116},"pairs_list",[44,23023,129],{"class":58},[20,23025,23026],{},[590,23027,2576],{},[35,23029,23031],{"className":37,"code":23030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,23032,23033],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23034,23035,23037,23039,23041,23043,23045,23047,23049,23051,23053,23055,23057,23059,23061,23063,23065,23067,23069,23071,23073,23075,23077,23079,23081,23083,23085,23087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23036,22178],{"class":58},[44,23038,2197],{"class":62},[44,23040,4582],{"class":66},[44,23042,2197],{"class":62},[44,23044,83],{"class":58},[44,23046,2232],{"class":62},[44,23048,13556],{"class":66},[44,23050,2197],{"class":62},[44,23052,9725],{"class":58},[44,23054,9728],{"class":58},[44,23056,2197],{"class":62},[44,23058,4591],{"class":66},[44,23060,2197],{"class":62},[44,23062,83],{"class":58},[44,23064,2232],{"class":62},[44,23066,22962],{"class":66},[44,23068,2197],{"class":62},[44,23070,9725],{"class":58},[44,23072,9728],{"class":58},[44,23074,2197],{"class":62},[44,23076,22971],{"class":66},[44,23078,2197],{"class":62},[44,23080,83],{"class":58},[44,23082,2232],{"class":62},[44,23084,22980],{"class":66},[44,23086,2197],{"class":62},[44,23088,9741],{"class":58},[20,23090,23091],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,23093,23094],{},"Use this when:",[252,23096,23097,23100,23103],{},[255,23098,23099],{},"You want clearer printed output",[255,23101,23102],{},"You need list behavior",[255,23104,23105],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[30,23107,23109,967,23111,967,23113],{"id":23108},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,23110,17532],{},[15,23112,17519],{},[15,23114,17525],{},[20,23116,23117],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[252,23119,23120,23125,23130],{},[255,23121,23122,23124],{},[15,23123,17532],{}," gives both key and value",[255,23126,23127,23129],{},[15,23128,17519],{}," gives only keys",[255,23131,23132,23134],{},[15,23133,17525],{}," gives only values",[20,23136,269],{},[35,23138,23140],{"className":37,"code":23139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,23141,23142,23178,23182,23200,23218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23143,23144,23146,23148,23150,23152,23154,23156,23158,23160,23162,23164,23166,23168,23170,23172,23174,23176],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23145,51],{"class":50},[44,23147,55],{"class":54},[44,23149,59],{"class":58},[44,23151,63],{"class":62},[44,23153,67],{"class":66},[44,23155,63],{"class":62},[44,23157,72],{"class":58},[44,23159,75],{"class":62},[44,23161,78],{"class":66},[44,23163,63],{"class":62},[44,23165,83],{"class":58},[44,23167,75],{"class":62},[44,23169,88],{"class":66},[44,23171,63],{"class":62},[44,23173,72],{"class":58},[44,23175,96],{"class":95},[44,23177,99],{"class":58},[44,23179,23180],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23181,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,23183,23184,23186,23188,23190,23192,23194,23196,23198],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,23185,136],{"class":135},[44,23187,120],{"class":58},[44,23189,8588],{"class":2248},[44,23191,120],{"class":58},[44,23193,158],{"class":116},[44,23195,113],{"class":58},[44,23197,2185],{"class":116},[44,23199,6791],{"class":58},[44,23201,23202,23204,23206,23208,23210,23212,23214,23216],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,23203,136],{"class":135},[44,23205,120],{"class":58},[44,23207,8588],{"class":2248},[44,23209,120],{"class":58},[44,23211,158],{"class":116},[44,23213,113],{"class":58},[44,23215,5860],{"class":116},[44,23217,6791],{"class":58},[44,23219,23220,23222,23224,23226,23228,23230,23232,23234],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,23221,136],{"class":135},[44,23223,120],{"class":58},[44,23225,8588],{"class":2248},[44,23227,120],{"class":58},[44,23229,158],{"class":116},[44,23231,113],{"class":58},[44,23233,8305],{"class":116},[44,23235,6791],{"class":58},[20,23237,23238],{},[590,23239,2576],{},[35,23241,23243],{"className":37,"code":23242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,23244,23245,23265,23281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23246,23247,23249,23251,23253,23255,23257,23259,23261,23263],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23248,896],{"class":58},[44,23250,2197],{"class":62},[44,23252,67],{"class":66},[44,23254,2197],{"class":62},[44,23256,83],{"class":58},[44,23258,2232],{"class":62},[44,23260,88],{"class":66},[44,23262,2197],{"class":62},[44,23264,1153],{"class":58},[44,23266,23267,23269,23271,23273,23275,23277,23279],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23268,896],{"class":58},[44,23270,2197],{"class":62},[44,23272,78],{"class":66},[44,23274,2197],{"class":62},[44,23276,83],{"class":58},[44,23278,96],{"class":95},[44,23280,1153],{"class":58},[44,23282,23283,23285,23287,23289,23291,23293,23295,23297,23299,23301,23303,23305,23307,23309,23311,23313],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,23284,22178],{"class":58},[44,23286,2197],{"class":62},[44,23288,67],{"class":66},[44,23290,2197],{"class":62},[44,23292,83],{"class":58},[44,23294,2232],{"class":62},[44,23296,78],{"class":66},[44,23298,2197],{"class":62},[44,23300,9725],{"class":58},[44,23302,9728],{"class":58},[44,23304,2197],{"class":62},[44,23306,88],{"class":66},[44,23308,2197],{"class":62},[44,23310,83],{"class":58},[44,23312,96],{"class":95},[44,23314,9741],{"class":58},[20,23316,23317],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[252,23319,23320,23328,23336],{},[255,23321,23322,23323],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[625,23324,23326],{"href":23325},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23327,17519],{},[255,23329,23330,23331],{},"Need just values? Use ",[625,23332,23334],{"href":23333},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23335,17525],{},[255,23337,23338,23339],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23340,17532],{},[30,23342,769,23344],{"id":23343},"when-to-use-items",[15,23345,17532],{},[20,23347,23348,23350],{},[15,23349,17532],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[252,23352,23353,23356,23359,23362,23365],{},[255,23354,23355],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[255,23357,23358],{},"Building formatted output",[255,23360,23361],{},"Looping through settings and values",[255,23363,23364],{},"Showing names with scores",[255,23366,23367],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23369,269],{},[35,23371,23373],{"className":37,"code":23372,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23374,23375,23383,23401,23420,23432,23436,23440,23461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23376,23377,23379,23381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23378,14285],{"class":50},[44,23380,55],{"class":54},[44,23382,11969],{"class":58},[44,23384,23385,23387,23389,23391,23393,23395,23397,23399],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23386,11974],{"class":62},[44,23388,12967],{"class":66},[44,23390,63],{"class":62},[44,23392,72],{"class":58},[44,23394,75],{"class":62},[44,23396,12976],{"class":66},[44,23398,63],{"class":62},[44,23400,11990],{"class":58},[44,23402,23403,23405,23407,23409,23411,23413,23416,23418],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,23404,11974],{"class":62},[44,23406,20569],{"class":66},[44,23408,63],{"class":62},[44,23410,72],{"class":58},[44,23412,75],{"class":62},[44,23414,23415],{"class":66},"English",[44,23417,63],{"class":62},[44,23419,11990],{"class":58},[44,23421,23422,23424,23426,23428,23430],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,23423,11974],{"class":62},[44,23425,18974],{"class":66},[44,23427,63],{"class":62},[44,23429,72],{"class":58},[44,23431,6923],{"class":1266},[44,23433,23434],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,23435,99],{"class":58},[44,23437,23438],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,23439,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,23441,23442,23444,23447,23449,23451,23453,23455,23457,23459],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,23443,6459],{"class":1140},[44,23445,23446],{"class":50}," setting",[44,23448,83],{"class":58},[44,23450,22023],{"class":50},[44,23452,4385],{"class":1140},[44,23454,14329],{"class":50},[44,23456,113],{"class":58},[44,23458,8305],{"class":116},[44,23460,22034],{"class":58},[44,23462,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471,23473,23476,23478,23481,23483,23485,23487,23489],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,23464,1387],{"class":135},[44,23466,120],{"class":58},[44,23468,22732],{"class":2570},[44,23470,63],{"class":66},[44,23472,9770],{"class":95},[44,23474,23475],{"class":116},"setting",[44,23477,22741],{"class":95},[44,23479,23480],{"class":66}," = ",[44,23482,9770],{"class":95},[44,23484,1282],{"class":116},[44,23486,22741],{"class":95},[44,23488,63],{"class":66},[44,23490,129],{"class":58},[20,23492,23493],{},[590,23494,2576],{},[35,23496,23498],{"className":37,"code":23497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23499,23500,23510,23520],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23501,23502,23505,23507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23503,23504],{"class":50},"theme ",[44,23506,55],{"class":54},[44,23508,23509],{"class":50}," dark\n",[44,23511,23512,23515,23517],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23513,23514],{"class":50},"language ",[44,23516,55],{"class":54},[44,23518,23519],{"class":50}," English\n",[44,23521,23522,23525,23527],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,23523,23524],{"class":50},"notifications ",[44,23526,55],{"class":54},[44,23528,6923],{"class":1266},[30,23530,3335],{"id":3334},[20,23532,23533,23534,113],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23535,17532],{},[981,23537,23539,23540,23542],{"id":23538},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23541,17532],{}," incorrectly",[20,23544,23545,23546,23548,23549,23552],{},"Each result from ",[15,23547,17532],{}," has ",[590,23550,23551],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23554,7185],{},[35,23556,23557],{"className":37,"code":21969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,23558,23559,23595,23599,23619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23560,23561,23563,23565,23567,23569,23571,23573,23575,23577,23579,23581,23583,23585,23587,23589,23591,23593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23562,51],{"class":50},[44,23564,55],{"class":54},[44,23566,59],{"class":58},[44,23568,63],{"class":62},[44,23570,67],{"class":66},[44,23572,63],{"class":62},[44,23574,72],{"class":58},[44,23576,75],{"class":62},[44,23578,78],{"class":66},[44,23580,63],{"class":62},[44,23582,83],{"class":58},[44,23584,75],{"class":62},[44,23586,88],{"class":66},[44,23588,63],{"class":62},[44,23590,72],{"class":58},[44,23592,96],{"class":95},[44,23594,99],{"class":58},[44,23596,23597],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23598,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,23600,23601,23603,23605,23607,23609,23611,23613,23615,23617],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,23602,6459],{"class":1140},[44,23604,22018],{"class":50},[44,23606,83],{"class":58},[44,23608,22023],{"class":50},[44,23610,4385],{"class":1140},[44,23612,110],{"class":50},[44,23614,113],{"class":58},[44,23616,8305],{"class":116},[44,23618,22034],{"class":58},[44,23620,23621,23623,23625,23627,23629,23631],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,23622,1387],{"class":135},[44,23624,120],{"class":58},[44,23626,414],{"class":116},[44,23628,83],{"class":58},[44,23630,8928],{"class":116},[44,23632,129],{"class":58},[20,23634,23635],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[35,23637,23639],{"className":37,"code":23638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23640,23641,23677,23681,23697],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23642,23643,23645,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663,23665,23667,23669,23671,23673,23675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23644,51],{"class":50},[44,23646,55],{"class":54},[44,23648,59],{"class":58},[44,23650,63],{"class":62},[44,23652,67],{"class":66},[44,23654,63],{"class":62},[44,23656,72],{"class":58},[44,23658,75],{"class":62},[44,23660,78],{"class":66},[44,23662,63],{"class":62},[44,23664,83],{"class":58},[44,23666,75],{"class":62},[44,23668,88],{"class":66},[44,23670,63],{"class":62},[44,23672,72],{"class":58},[44,23674,96],{"class":95},[44,23676,99],{"class":58},[44,23678,23679],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23680,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,23682,23683,23685,23687,23689,23691,23693,23695],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,23684,6459],{"class":1140},[44,23686,18661],{"class":50},[44,23688,4385],{"class":1140},[44,23690,110],{"class":50},[44,23692,113],{"class":58},[44,23694,8305],{"class":116},[44,23696,22034],{"class":58},[44,23698,23699,23701,23703,23705],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,23700,1387],{"class":135},[44,23702,120],{"class":58},[44,23704,414],{"class":116},[44,23706,129],{"class":58},[20,23708,23709,23710,23712,23713,23716],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23711,414],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23714,23715],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23718,23719],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[35,23721,23723],{"className":37,"code":23722,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23724,23725,23741],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23726,23727,23729,23731,23733,23735,23737,23739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23728,6459],{"class":1140},[44,23730,6462],{"class":50},[44,23732,4385],{"class":1140},[44,23734,110],{"class":50},[44,23736,113],{"class":58},[44,23738,8305],{"class":116},[44,23740,22034],{"class":58},[44,23742,23743,23745,23747,23750],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23744,1387],{"class":135},[44,23746,120],{"class":58},[44,23748,23749],{"class":116},"item",[44,23751,129],{"class":58},[20,23753,23754],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[35,23756,23758],{"className":37,"code":23757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23759,23760,23780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23761,23762,23764,23766,23768,23770,23772,23774,23776,23778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23763,6459],{"class":1140},[44,23765,22018],{"class":50},[44,23767,83],{"class":58},[44,23769,22023],{"class":50},[44,23771,4385],{"class":1140},[44,23773,110],{"class":50},[44,23775,113],{"class":58},[44,23777,8305],{"class":116},[44,23779,22034],{"class":58},[44,23781,23782,23784,23786,23788,23790,23792],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23783,1387],{"class":135},[44,23785,120],{"class":58},[44,23787,414],{"class":116},[44,23789,83],{"class":58},[44,23791,8928],{"class":116},[44,23793,129],{"class":58},[981,23795,1904,23797,23799],{"id":23796},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23798,17532],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23801,23802,22413,23804,23806],{},[15,23803,17532],{},[15,23805,22346],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23808,23809],{},"Check it:",[35,23811,23813],{"className":37,"code":23812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23814,23815,23847,23851,23865,23883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23816,23817,23819,23821,23823,23825,23827,23829,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23818,1214],{"class":50},[44,23820,55],{"class":54},[44,23822,59],{"class":58},[44,23824,63],{"class":62},[44,23826,625],{"class":66},[44,23828,63],{"class":62},[44,23830,72],{"class":58},[44,23832,1703],{"class":95},[44,23834,83],{"class":58},[44,23836,75],{"class":62},[44,23838,639],{"class":66},[44,23840,63],{"class":62},[44,23842,72],{"class":58},[44,23844,1717],{"class":95},[44,23846,99],{"class":58},[44,23848,23849],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23850,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,23852,23853,23855,23857,23859,23861,23863],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,23854,136],{"class":135},[44,23856,120],{"class":58},[44,23858,405],{"class":116},[44,23860,113],{"class":58},[44,23862,8305],{"class":116},[44,23864,2188],{"class":58},[44,23866,23867,23869,23871,23873,23875,23877,23879,23881],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,23868,136],{"class":135},[44,23870,120],{"class":58},[44,23872,2249],{"class":2248},[44,23874,120],{"class":58},[44,23876,405],{"class":116},[44,23878,113],{"class":58},[44,23880,8305],{"class":116},[44,23882,6791],{"class":58},[44,23884,23885,23887,23889,23891,23893,23895,23897,23899],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,23886,136],{"class":135},[44,23888,120],{"class":58},[44,23890,8588],{"class":2248},[44,23892,120],{"class":58},[44,23894,405],{"class":116},[44,23896,113],{"class":58},[44,23898,8305],{"class":116},[44,23900,6791],{"class":58},[20,23902,23903],{},[590,23904,2576],{},[35,23906,23908],{"className":37,"code":23907,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23909,23910,23942,23956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23911,23912,23914,23916,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934,23936,23938,23940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23913,22346],{"class":116},[44,23915,10145],{"class":58},[44,23917,2197],{"class":62},[44,23919,625],{"class":66},[44,23921,2197],{"class":62},[44,23923,83],{"class":58},[44,23925,1703],{"class":95},[44,23927,9725],{"class":58},[44,23929,9728],{"class":58},[44,23931,2197],{"class":62},[44,23933,639],{"class":66},[44,23935,2197],{"class":62},[44,23937,83],{"class":58},[44,23939,1717],{"class":95},[44,23941,11161],{"class":58},[44,23943,23944,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23945,3797],{"class":54},[44,23947,3800],{"class":2570},[44,23949,2232],{"class":62},[44,23951,22346],{"class":66},[44,23953,2197],{"class":62},[44,23955,3809],{"class":54},[44,23957,23958,23960,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974,23976,23978,23980,23982,23984],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,23959,22178],{"class":58},[44,23961,2197],{"class":62},[44,23963,625],{"class":66},[44,23965,2197],{"class":62},[44,23967,83],{"class":58},[44,23969,1703],{"class":95},[44,23971,9725],{"class":58},[44,23973,9728],{"class":58},[44,23975,2197],{"class":62},[44,23977,639],{"class":66},[44,23979,2197],{"class":62},[44,23981,83],{"class":58},[44,23983,1717],{"class":95},[44,23985,9741],{"class":58},[981,23987,23989,23990],{"id":23988},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23991,17532],{},[20,23993,23994],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23996,23997],{},"Problem example:",[35,23999,24001],{"className":37,"code":24000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,24002,24003,24047,24051,24071,24083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24004,24005,24007,24009,24011,24013,24015,24017,24019,24021,24023,24025,24027,24029,24031,24033,24035,24037,24039,24041,24043,24045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24006,1551],{"class":50},[44,24008,55],{"class":54},[44,24010,59],{"class":58},[44,24012,63],{"class":62},[44,24014,625],{"class":66},[44,24016,63],{"class":62},[44,24018,72],{"class":58},[44,24020,1703],{"class":95},[44,24022,83],{"class":58},[44,24024,75],{"class":62},[44,24026,639],{"class":66},[44,24028,63],{"class":62},[44,24030,72],{"class":58},[44,24032,1717],{"class":95},[44,24034,83],{"class":58},[44,24036,75],{"class":62},[44,24038,696],{"class":66},[44,24040,63],{"class":62},[44,24042,72],{"class":58},[44,24044,2955],{"class":95},[44,24046,99],{"class":58},[44,24048,24049],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24050,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,24052,24053,24055,24057,24059,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,24054,6459],{"class":1140},[44,24056,22018],{"class":50},[44,24058,83],{"class":58},[44,24060,22023],{"class":50},[44,24062,4385],{"class":1140},[44,24064,4767],{"class":50},[44,24066,113],{"class":58},[44,24068,8305],{"class":116},[44,24070,22034],{"class":58},[44,24072,24073,24075,24077,24079,24081],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,24074,6899],{"class":1140},[44,24076,22023],{"class":50},[44,24078,5191],{"class":54},[44,24080,1717],{"class":95},[44,24082,1359],{"class":58},[44,24084,24085,24088,24090,24092,24094,24096,24098,24100],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,24086,24087],{"class":50},"        numbers",[44,24089,896],{"class":58},[44,24091,63],{"class":62},[44,24093,19217],{"class":66},[44,24095,63],{"class":62},[44,24097,905],{"class":58},[44,24099,13736],{"class":54},[44,24101,24102],{"class":95}," 4\n",[20,24104,24105],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,24107,24108],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[35,24110,24112],{"className":37,"code":24111,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,24113,24114,24158,24162,24187,24199,24217,24221],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24115,24116,24118,24120,24122,24124,24126,24128,24130,24132,24134,24136,24138,24140,24142,24144,24146,24148,24150,24152,24154,24156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24117,1551],{"class":50},[44,24119,55],{"class":54},[44,24121,59],{"class":58},[44,24123,63],{"class":62},[44,24125,625],{"class":66},[44,24127,63],{"class":62},[44,24129,72],{"class":58},[44,24131,1703],{"class":95},[44,24133,83],{"class":58},[44,24135,75],{"class":62},[44,24137,639],{"class":66},[44,24139,63],{"class":62},[44,24141,72],{"class":58},[44,24143,1717],{"class":95},[44,24145,83],{"class":58},[44,24147,75],{"class":62},[44,24149,696],{"class":66},[44,24151,63],{"class":62},[44,24153,72],{"class":58},[44,24155,2955],{"class":95},[44,24157,99],{"class":58},[44,24159,24160],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24161,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,24163,24164,24166,24168,24170,24172,24174,24176,24178,24180,24182,24184],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,24165,6459],{"class":1140},[44,24167,22018],{"class":50},[44,24169,83],{"class":58},[44,24171,22023],{"class":50},[44,24173,4385],{"class":1140},[44,24175,22998],{"class":2248},[44,24177,120],{"class":58},[44,24179,1579],{"class":116},[44,24181,113],{"class":58},[44,24183,8305],{"class":116},[44,24185,24186],{"class":58},"()):\n",[44,24188,24189,24191,24193,24195,24197],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,24190,6899],{"class":1140},[44,24192,22023],{"class":50},[44,24194,5191],{"class":54},[44,24196,1717],{"class":95},[44,24198,1359],{"class":58},[44,24200,24201,24203,24205,24207,24209,24211,24213,24215],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,24202,24087],{"class":50},[44,24204,896],{"class":58},[44,24206,63],{"class":62},[44,24208,19217],{"class":66},[44,24210,63],{"class":62},[44,24212,905],{"class":58},[44,24214,13736],{"class":54},[44,24216,24102],{"class":95},[44,24218,24219],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,24220,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,24222,24223,24225,24227,24229],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,24224,136],{"class":135},[44,24226,120],{"class":58},[44,24228,1579],{"class":116},[44,24230,129],{"class":58},[981,24232,24234],{"id":24233},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,24236,24237],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[35,24239,24241],{"className":37,"code":24240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,24242,24243,24275,24279,24295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24244,24245,24247,24249,24251,24253,24255,24257,24259,24261,24263,24265,24267,24269,24271,24273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24246,616],{"class":50},[44,24248,55],{"class":54},[44,24250,59],{"class":58},[44,24252,63],{"class":62},[44,24254,1696],{"class":66},[44,24256,63],{"class":62},[44,24258,72],{"class":58},[44,24260,632],{"class":95},[44,24262,83],{"class":58},[44,24264,75],{"class":62},[44,24266,1710],{"class":66},[44,24268,63],{"class":62},[44,24270,72],{"class":58},[44,24272,646],{"class":95},[44,24274,99],{"class":58},[44,24276,24277],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24278,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,24280,24281,24283,24285,24287,24289,24291,24293],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,24282,6459],{"class":1140},[44,24284,6462],{"class":50},[44,24286,4385],{"class":1140},[44,24288,662],{"class":50},[44,24290,113],{"class":58},[44,24292,8305],{"class":116},[44,24294,22034],{"class":58},[44,24296,24297,24299,24301,24303],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,24298,1387],{"class":135},[44,24300,120],{"class":58},[44,24302,23749],{"class":116},[44,24304,129],{"class":58},[20,24306,24307],{},[590,24308,2576],{},[35,24310,24312],{"className":37,"code":24311,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24313,24314,24330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24315,24316,24318,24320,24322,24324,24326,24328],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24317,120],{"class":58},[44,24319,2197],{"class":62},[44,24321,1696],{"class":66},[44,24323,2197],{"class":62},[44,24325,83],{"class":58},[44,24327,632],{"class":95},[44,24329,129],{"class":58},[44,24331,24332,24334,24336,24338,24340,24342,24344],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24333,120],{"class":58},[44,24335,2197],{"class":62},[44,24337,1710],{"class":66},[44,24339,2197],{"class":62},[44,24341,83],{"class":58},[44,24343,646],{"class":95},[44,24345,129],{"class":58},[20,24347,24348,24349,24351],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24350,22093],{}," pair.",[30,24353,2301],{"id":2300},[981,24355,24357,24358,5646],{"id":24356},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24359,17532],{},[20,24361,17873,24362,24364],{},[15,24363,22346],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[981,24366,2329,24368,24370],{"id":24367},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24369,17532],{}," return a list?",[20,24372,24373,24374,24377],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24375,24376],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[981,24379,24381,24382,2363],{"id":24380},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24383,17532],{},[20,24385,24386],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[35,24388,24390],{"className":37,"code":24389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24391,24392,24412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24393,24394,24396,24398,24400,24402,24404,24406,24408,24410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24395,6459],{"class":1140},[44,24397,22018],{"class":50},[44,24399,83],{"class":58},[44,24401,22023],{"class":50},[44,24403,4385],{"class":1140},[44,24405,1249],{"class":50},[44,24407,113],{"class":58},[44,24409,8305],{"class":116},[44,24411,22034],{"class":58},[44,24413,24414,24416,24418,24420,24422,24424],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24415,1387],{"class":135},[44,24417,120],{"class":58},[44,24419,414],{"class":116},[44,24421,83],{"class":58},[44,24423,8928],{"class":116},[44,24425,129],{"class":58},[981,24427,2329,24429,24431],{"id":24428},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24430,17532],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24433,24434],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[30,24436,2375],{"id":2374},[252,24438,24439,24445,24451,24456,24460],{},[255,24440,24441],{},[625,24442,11218,24443,11221],{"href":23325},[15,24444,17519],{},[255,24446,24447],{},[625,24448,11218,24449,11221],{"href":23333},[15,24450,17525],{},[255,24452,24453],{},[625,24454,24455],{"href":22912},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[255,24457,24458],{},[625,24459,9649],{"href":13486},[255,24461,24462],{},[625,24463,24464],{"href":22216},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2414,24466,24467],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":24469},[24470,24471,24473,24474,24475,24477,24478,24480,24482,24491,24501],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":22076,"depth":102,"text":24472},"What items() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":22407,"depth":102,"text":22408},{"id":22633,"depth":102,"text":24476},"Looping with items()",{"id":22916,"depth":102,"text":22917},{"id":23108,"depth":102,"text":24479},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23343,"depth":102,"text":24481},"When to use items()",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":24483},[24484,24486,24488,24490],{"id":23538,"depth":132,"text":24485},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23796,"depth":132,"text":24487},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23988,"depth":132,"text":24489},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":24233,"depth":132,"text":24234},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":24492},[24493,24495,24497,24499],{"id":24356,"depth":132,"text":24494},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24367,"depth":132,"text":24496},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24380,"depth":132,"text":24498},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24428,"depth":132,"text":24500},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21945,"description":24502},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24509,"title":24510,"body":24511,"description":26598,"extension":2465,"meta":26599,"navigation":169,"path":23325,"seo":26600,"stem":26601,"__hash__":26602},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24512,"toc":26564},[24513,24518,24524,24527,24538,24545,24547,24630,24634,24681,24686,24691,24696,24698,24714,24716,24815,24819,24876,24879,24881,24884,24977,24981,25044,25047,25063,25068,25070,25072,25087,25089,25100,25102,25145,25148,25192,25195,25197,25204,25207,25224,25226,25319,25323,25364,25376,25380,25383,25471,25475,25495,25498,25525,25532,25537,25541,25552,25554,25655,25659,25685,25688,25755,25760,25763,25786,25791,25795,25800,25806,25811,25813,25868,25872,25899,25906,25912,25915,25940,25946,25972,25975,26050,26057,26062,26064,26103,26121,26125,26128,26171,26174,26176,26195,26197,26202,26226,26229,26299,26302,26375,26379,26381,26442,26445,26461,26463,26468,26473,26480,26489,26495,26501,26508,26514,26518,26523,26525,26561],[10,24514,13,24516,18],{"id":24515},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24517,17519],{},[20,24519,24520,24521,24523],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24522,17519],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24525,24526],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[252,24528,24529,24532,24535],{},[255,24530,24531],{},"view the available keys",[255,24533,24534],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[255,24536,24537],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24539,24540,24542,24543,113],{},[15,24541,17519],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24544,17468],{},[30,24546,2507],{"id":2506},[35,24548,24550],{"className":37,"code":24549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24551,24552,24588,24602,24606,24616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24553,24554,24556,24558,24560,24562,24564,24566,24568,24570,24572,24574,24576,24578,24580,24582,24584,24586],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24555,13327],{"class":50},[44,24557,55],{"class":54},[44,24559,59],{"class":58},[44,24561,63],{"class":62},[44,24563,67],{"class":66},[44,24565,63],{"class":62},[44,24567,72],{"class":58},[44,24569,75],{"class":62},[44,24571,78],{"class":66},[44,24573,63],{"class":62},[44,24575,83],{"class":58},[44,24577,75],{"class":62},[44,24579,88],{"class":66},[44,24581,63],{"class":62},[44,24583,72],{"class":58},[44,24585,646],{"class":95},[44,24587,99],{"class":58},[44,24589,24590,24592,24594,24596,24598,24600],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24591,17696],{"class":50},[44,24593,55],{"class":54},[44,24595,13369],{"class":50},[44,24597,113],{"class":58},[44,24599,2185],{"class":116},[44,24601,9138],{"class":58},[44,24603,24604],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,24605,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,24607,24608,24610,24612,24614],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,24609,136],{"class":135},[44,24611,120],{"class":58},[44,24613,2185],{"class":116},[44,24615,129],{"class":58},[44,24617,24618,24620,24622,24624,24626,24628],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,24619,136],{"class":135},[44,24621,120],{"class":58},[44,24623,8588],{"class":2248},[44,24625,120],{"class":58},[44,24627,2185],{"class":116},[44,24629,2239],{"class":58},[20,24631,24632],{},[590,24633,2576],{},[35,24635,24637],{"className":37,"code":24636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24638,24639,24661],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24640,24641,24643,24645,24647,24649,24651,24653,24655,24657,24659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24642,17468],{"class":116},[44,24644,3492],{"class":58},[44,24646,2197],{"class":62},[44,24648,67],{"class":66},[44,24650,2197],{"class":62},[44,24652,83],{"class":58},[44,24654,2232],{"class":62},[44,24656,88],{"class":66},[44,24658,2197],{"class":62},[44,24660,4391],{"class":58},[44,24662,24663,24665,24667,24669,24671,24673,24675,24677,24679],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24664,896],{"class":58},[44,24666,2197],{"class":62},[44,24668,67],{"class":66},[44,24670,2197],{"class":62},[44,24672,83],{"class":58},[44,24674,2232],{"class":62},[44,24676,88],{"class":66},[44,24678,2197],{"class":62},[44,24680,1153],{"class":58},[20,24682,227,24683,24685],{},[15,24684,17519],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[30,24687,243,24689,246],{"id":24688},"what-keys-does",[15,24690,17519],{},[20,24692,24693,24695],{},[15,24694,17519],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24697,11935],{},[252,24699,24700,24703,24706,24711],{},[255,24701,24702],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[255,24704,24705],{},"It does not need any arguments",[255,24707,17873,24708,24710],{},[15,24709,17468],{}," view object, not a list",[255,24712,24713],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24715,269],{},[35,24717,24719],{"className":37,"code":24718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24720,24721,24757,24761,24775,24779,24801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24722,24723,24725,24727,24729,24731,24733,24735,24737,24739,24741,24743,24745,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24724,51],{"class":50},[44,24726,55],{"class":54},[44,24728,59],{"class":58},[44,24730,63],{"class":62},[44,24732,67],{"class":66},[44,24734,63],{"class":62},[44,24736,72],{"class":58},[44,24738,75],{"class":62},[44,24740,296],{"class":66},[44,24742,63],{"class":62},[44,24744,83],{"class":58},[44,24746,75],{"class":62},[44,24748,88],{"class":66},[44,24750,63],{"class":62},[44,24752,72],{"class":58},[44,24754,96],{"class":95},[44,24756,99],{"class":58},[44,24758,24759],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24760,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,24762,24763,24765,24767,24769,24771,24773],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,24764,136],{"class":135},[44,24766,120],{"class":58},[44,24768,158],{"class":116},[44,24770,113],{"class":58},[44,24772,2185],{"class":116},[44,24774,2188],{"class":58},[44,24776,24777],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,24778,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,24780,24781,24783,24785,24787,24789,24791,24793,24795,24797,24799],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,24782,158],{"class":50},[44,24784,896],{"class":58},[44,24786,63],{"class":62},[44,24788,305],{"class":66},[44,24790,63],{"class":62},[44,24792,905],{"class":58},[44,24794,13736],{"class":54},[44,24796,75],{"class":62},[44,24798,314],{"class":66},[44,24800,3865],{"class":62},[44,24802,24803,24805,24807,24809,24811,24813],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,24804,136],{"class":135},[44,24806,120],{"class":58},[44,24808,158],{"class":116},[44,24810,113],{"class":58},[44,24812,2185],{"class":116},[44,24814,2188],{"class":58},[20,24816,24817],{},[590,24818,2576],{},[35,24820,24822],{"className":37,"code":24821,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24823,24824,24846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24825,24826,24828,24830,24832,24834,24836,24838,24840,24842,24844],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24827,17468],{"class":116},[44,24829,3492],{"class":58},[44,24831,2197],{"class":62},[44,24833,67],{"class":66},[44,24835,2197],{"class":62},[44,24837,83],{"class":58},[44,24839,2232],{"class":62},[44,24841,88],{"class":66},[44,24843,2197],{"class":62},[44,24845,4391],{"class":58},[44,24847,24848,24850,24852,24854,24856,24858,24860,24862,24864,24866,24868,24870,24872,24874],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24849,17468],{"class":116},[44,24851,3492],{"class":58},[44,24853,2197],{"class":62},[44,24855,67],{"class":66},[44,24857,2197],{"class":62},[44,24859,83],{"class":58},[44,24861,2232],{"class":62},[44,24863,88],{"class":66},[44,24865,2197],{"class":62},[44,24867,83],{"class":58},[44,24869,2232],{"class":62},[44,24871,305],{"class":66},[44,24873,2197],{"class":62},[44,24875,4391],{"class":58},[20,24877,24878],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[30,24880,6288],{"id":6287},[20,24882,24883],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[35,24885,24887],{"className":37,"code":24886,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24888,24889,24941,24945,24959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24890,24891,24893,24895,24897,24899,24901,24903,24905,24907,24909,24911,24913,24915,24917,24919,24921,24923,24925,24927,24929,24931,24933,24935,24937,24939],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24892,616],{"class":50},[44,24894,55],{"class":54},[44,24896,59],{"class":58},[44,24898,63],{"class":62},[44,24900,67],{"class":66},[44,24902,63],{"class":62},[44,24904,72],{"class":58},[44,24906,75],{"class":62},[44,24908,78],{"class":66},[44,24910,63],{"class":62},[44,24912,83],{"class":58},[44,24914,75],{"class":62},[44,24916,88],{"class":66},[44,24918,63],{"class":62},[44,24920,72],{"class":58},[44,24922,646],{"class":95},[44,24924,83],{"class":58},[44,24926,75],{"class":62},[44,24928,20338],{"class":66},[44,24930,63],{"class":62},[44,24932,72],{"class":58},[44,24934,75],{"class":62},[44,24936,22683],{"class":66},[44,24938,63],{"class":62},[44,24940,99],{"class":58},[44,24942,24943],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24944,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,24946,24947,24949,24951,24953,24955,24957],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,24948,136],{"class":135},[44,24950,120],{"class":58},[44,24952,750],{"class":116},[44,24954,113],{"class":58},[44,24956,2185],{"class":116},[44,24958,2188],{"class":58},[44,24960,24961,24963,24965,24967,24969,24971,24973,24975],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,24962,136],{"class":135},[44,24964,120],{"class":58},[44,24966,8588],{"class":2248},[44,24968,120],{"class":58},[44,24970,750],{"class":116},[44,24972,113],{"class":58},[44,24974,2185],{"class":116},[44,24976,6791],{"class":58},[20,24978,24979],{},[590,24980,2576],{},[35,24982,24984],{"className":37,"code":24983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24985,24986,25016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24987,24988,24990,24992,24994,24996,24998,25000,25002,25004,25006,25008,25010,25012,25014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24989,17468],{"class":116},[44,24991,3492],{"class":58},[44,24993,2197],{"class":62},[44,24995,67],{"class":66},[44,24997,2197],{"class":62},[44,24999,83],{"class":58},[44,25001,2232],{"class":62},[44,25003,88],{"class":66},[44,25005,2197],{"class":62},[44,25007,83],{"class":58},[44,25009,2232],{"class":62},[44,25011,20338],{"class":66},[44,25013,2197],{"class":62},[44,25015,4391],{"class":58},[44,25017,25018,25020,25022,25024,25026,25028,25030,25032,25034,25036,25038,25040,25042],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25019,896],{"class":58},[44,25021,2197],{"class":62},[44,25023,67],{"class":66},[44,25025,2197],{"class":62},[44,25027,83],{"class":58},[44,25029,2232],{"class":62},[44,25031,88],{"class":66},[44,25033,2197],{"class":62},[44,25035,83],{"class":58},[44,25037,2232],{"class":62},[44,25039,20338],{"class":66},[44,25041,2197],{"class":62},[44,25043,1153],{"class":58},[20,25045,25046],{},"This shows two things:",[252,25048,25049,25057],{},[255,25050,25051,22413,25054,25056],{},[15,25052,25053],{},"data.keys()",[15,25055,17468],{}," object",[255,25058,25059,25062],{},[15,25060,25061],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,25064,9645,25065,113],{},[625,25066,25067],{"href":2296},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[30,25069,5932],{"id":5931},[20,25071,2666],{},[35,25073,25075],{"className":37,"code":25074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,25076,25077],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25078,25079,25081,25083,25085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25080,405],{"class":50},[44,25082,113],{"class":58},[44,25084,2185],{"class":116},[44,25086,9138],{"class":58},[20,25088,22238],{},[252,25090,25091,25094,25097],{},[255,25092,25093],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[255,25095,25096],{},"It takes no parameters",[255,25098,25099],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,25101,17110],{},[35,25103,25105],{"className":37,"code":25104,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,25106,25107,25131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25108,25109,25111,25113,25115,25117,25119,25121,25123,25125,25127,25129],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25110,13327],{"class":50},[44,25112,55],{"class":54},[44,25114,59],{"class":58},[44,25116,63],{"class":62},[44,25118,67],{"class":66},[44,25120,63],{"class":62},[44,25122,72],{"class":58},[44,25124,75],{"class":62},[44,25126,78],{"class":66},[44,25128,63],{"class":62},[44,25130,99],{"class":58},[44,25132,25133,25135,25137,25139,25141,25143],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25134,136],{"class":135},[44,25136,120],{"class":58},[44,25138,14085],{"class":116},[44,25140,113],{"class":58},[44,25142,2185],{"class":116},[44,25144,2188],{"class":58},[20,25146,25147],{},"Incorrect:",[35,25149,25151],{"className":37,"code":25150,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,25152,25153,25177],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25154,25155,25157,25159,25161,25163,25165,25167,25169,25171,25173,25175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25156,13327],{"class":50},[44,25158,55],{"class":54},[44,25160,59],{"class":58},[44,25162,63],{"class":62},[44,25164,67],{"class":66},[44,25166,63],{"class":62},[44,25168,72],{"class":58},[44,25170,75],{"class":62},[44,25172,78],{"class":66},[44,25174,63],{"class":62},[44,25176,99],{"class":58},[44,25178,25179,25181,25183,25185,25187,25190],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25180,136],{"class":135},[44,25182,120],{"class":58},[44,25184,14085],{"class":116},[44,25186,113],{"class":58},[44,25188,2185],{"class":25189},"skxfh",[44,25191,129],{"class":58},[20,25193,25194],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[30,25196,583],{"id":582},[20,25198,25199,22413,25201,25203],{},[15,25200,17519],{},[15,25202,17468],{}," object.",[20,25205,25206],{},"This object:",[252,25208,25209,25212,25215,25221],{},[255,25210,25211],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[255,25213,25214],{},"can be used in a loop",[255,25216,25217,25218],{},"can be converted with ",[15,25219,25220],{},"list()",[255,25222,25223],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,25225,269],{},[35,25227,25229],{"className":37,"code":25228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,25230,25231,25272,25276,25291,25295,25305],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25232,25233,25236,25238,25240,25242,25245,25247,25249,25251,25254,25256,25258,25260,25263,25265,25267,25270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25234,25235],{"class":50},"car ",[44,25237,55],{"class":54},[44,25239,59],{"class":58},[44,25241,63],{"class":62},[44,25243,25244],{"class":66},"brand",[44,25246,63],{"class":62},[44,25248,72],{"class":58},[44,25250,75],{"class":62},[44,25252,25253],{"class":66},"Toyota",[44,25255,63],{"class":62},[44,25257,83],{"class":58},[44,25259,75],{"class":62},[44,25261,25262],{"class":66},"year",[44,25264,63],{"class":62},[44,25266,72],{"class":58},[44,25268,25269],{"class":95}," 2020",[44,25271,99],{"class":58},[44,25273,25274],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25275,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,25277,25278,25280,25282,25285,25287,25289],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,25279,1953],{"class":50},[44,25281,55],{"class":54},[44,25283,25284],{"class":50}," car",[44,25286,113],{"class":58},[44,25288,2185],{"class":116},[44,25290,9138],{"class":58},[44,25292,25293],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,25294,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,25296,25297,25299,25301,25303],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,25298,136],{"class":135},[44,25300,120],{"class":58},[44,25302,1984],{"class":116},[44,25304,129],{"class":58},[44,25306,25307,25309,25311,25313,25315,25317],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,25308,136],{"class":135},[44,25310,120],{"class":58},[44,25312,2249],{"class":2248},[44,25314,120],{"class":58},[44,25316,1984],{"class":116},[44,25318,2239],{"class":58},[20,25320,25321],{},[590,25322,2576],{},[35,25324,25326],{"className":37,"code":25325,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25327,25328,25350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25329,25330,25332,25334,25336,25338,25340,25342,25344,25346,25348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25331,17468],{"class":116},[44,25333,3492],{"class":58},[44,25335,2197],{"class":62},[44,25337,25244],{"class":66},[44,25339,2197],{"class":62},[44,25341,83],{"class":58},[44,25343,2232],{"class":62},[44,25345,25262],{"class":66},[44,25347,2197],{"class":62},[44,25349,4391],{"class":58},[44,25351,25352,25354,25356,25358,25360,25362],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25353,3797],{"class":54},[44,25355,3800],{"class":2570},[44,25357,2232],{"class":62},[44,25359,17468],{"class":66},[44,25361,2197],{"class":62},[44,25363,3809],{"class":54},[20,25365,25366,25367,25371,25372,113],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[625,25368,11218,25369,11221],{"href":17522},[15,25370,17525],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[625,25373,11218,25374,11221],{"href":17529},[15,25375,17532],{},[30,25377,25379],{"id":25378},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25381,25382],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[35,25384,25386],{"className":37,"code":25385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25387,25388,25441,25445,25461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25389,25390,25392,25394,25396,25398,25400,25402,25404,25406,25408,25410,25412,25414,25416,25418,25420,25422,25424,25426,25428,25430,25432,25434,25437,25439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25391,13327],{"class":50},[44,25393,55],{"class":54},[44,25395,59],{"class":58},[44,25397,63],{"class":62},[44,25399,67],{"class":66},[44,25401,63],{"class":62},[44,25403,72],{"class":58},[44,25405,75],{"class":62},[44,25407,78],{"class":66},[44,25409,63],{"class":62},[44,25411,83],{"class":58},[44,25413,75],{"class":62},[44,25415,88],{"class":66},[44,25417,63],{"class":62},[44,25419,72],{"class":58},[44,25421,646],{"class":95},[44,25423,83],{"class":58},[44,25425,75],{"class":62},[44,25427,15784],{"class":66},[44,25429,63],{"class":62},[44,25431,72],{"class":58},[44,25433,75],{"class":62},[44,25435,25436],{"class":66},"Math",[44,25438,63],{"class":62},[44,25440,99],{"class":58},[44,25442,25443],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25444,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,25446,25447,25449,25451,25453,25455,25457,25459],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,25448,6459],{"class":1140},[44,25450,18661],{"class":50},[44,25452,4385],{"class":1140},[44,25454,13369],{"class":50},[44,25456,113],{"class":58},[44,25458,2185],{"class":116},[44,25460,22034],{"class":58},[44,25462,25463,25465,25467,25469],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,25464,1387],{"class":135},[44,25466,120],{"class":58},[44,25468,414],{"class":116},[44,25470,129],{"class":58},[20,25472,25473],{},[590,25474,2576],{},[35,25476,25478],{"className":37,"code":25477,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25479,25480,25485,25490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25481,25482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25483,25484],{"class":50},"name\n",[44,25486,25487],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25488,25489],{"class":50},"age\n",[44,25491,25492],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,25493,25494],{"class":50},"course\n",[20,25496,25497],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[35,25499,25501],{"className":37,"code":25500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25502,25503,25515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25504,25505,25507,25509,25511,25513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25506,6459],{"class":1140},[44,25508,18661],{"class":50},[44,25510,4385],{"class":1140},[44,25512,13369],{"class":50},[44,25514,1359],{"class":58},[44,25516,25517,25519,25521,25523],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25518,1387],{"class":135},[44,25520,120],{"class":58},[44,25522,414],{"class":116},[44,25524,129],{"class":58},[20,25526,25527,25528,25531],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25529,25530],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[30,25533,769,25535],{"id":25534},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25536,17519],{},[20,25538,227,25539,776],{},[15,25540,17519],{},[252,25542,25543,25546,25549],{},[255,25544,25545],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[255,25547,25548],{},"you want to display available fields",[255,25550,25551],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25553,269],{},[35,25555,25557],{"className":37,"code":25556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25558,25559,25610,25614,25629,25645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25560,25561,25563,25565,25567,25569,25571,25573,25575,25577,25580,25582,25584,25586,25588,25590,25592,25595,25597,25599,25602,25604,25606,25608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25562,799],{"class":50},[44,25564,55],{"class":54},[44,25566,59],{"class":58},[44,25568,63],{"class":62},[44,25570,67],{"class":66},[44,25572,63],{"class":62},[44,25574,72],{"class":58},[44,25576,75],{"class":62},[44,25578,25579],{"class":66},"Book",[44,25581,63],{"class":62},[44,25583,83],{"class":58},[44,25585,75],{"class":62},[44,25587,825],{"class":66},[44,25589,63],{"class":62},[44,25591,72],{"class":58},[44,25593,25594],{"class":95}," 12.99",[44,25596,83],{"class":58},[44,25598,75],{"class":62},[44,25600,25601],{"class":66},"stock",[44,25603,63],{"class":62},[44,25605,72],{"class":58},[44,25607,5108],{"class":95},[44,25609,99],{"class":58},[44,25611,25612],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25613,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,25615,25616,25618,25620,25622,25625,25627],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,25617,136],{"class":135},[44,25619,120],{"class":58},[44,25621,63],{"class":62},[44,25623,25624],{"class":66},"Available fields:",[44,25626,63],{"class":62},[44,25628,129],{"class":58},[44,25630,25631,25633,25635,25637,25639,25641,25643],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,25632,6459],{"class":1140},[44,25634,18661],{"class":50},[44,25636,4385],{"class":1140},[44,25638,862],{"class":50},[44,25640,113],{"class":58},[44,25642,2185],{"class":116},[44,25644,22034],{"class":58},[44,25646,25647,25649,25651,25653],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,25648,1387],{"class":135},[44,25650,120],{"class":58},[44,25652,414],{"class":116},[44,25654,129],{"class":58},[20,25656,25657],{},[590,25658,2576],{},[35,25660,25662],{"className":37,"code":25661,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25663,25664,25671,25675,25680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25665,25666,25669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25667,25668],{"class":50},"Available fields",[44,25670,1359],{"class":58},[44,25672,25673],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25674,25484],{"class":50},[44,25676,25677],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,25678,25679],{"class":50},"price\n",[44,25681,25682],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,25683,25684],{"class":50},"stock\n",[20,25686,25687],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[35,25689,25691],{"className":37,"code":25690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25692,25693,25729,25733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25694,25695,25697,25699,25701,25703,25705,25707,25709,25711,25713,25715,25717,25719,25721,25723,25725,25727],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25696,799],{"class":50},[44,25698,55],{"class":54},[44,25700,59],{"class":58},[44,25702,63],{"class":62},[44,25704,67],{"class":66},[44,25706,63],{"class":62},[44,25708,72],{"class":58},[44,25710,75],{"class":62},[44,25712,25579],{"class":66},[44,25714,63],{"class":62},[44,25716,83],{"class":58},[44,25718,75],{"class":62},[44,25720,825],{"class":66},[44,25722,63],{"class":62},[44,25724,72],{"class":58},[44,25726,25594],{"class":95},[44,25728,99],{"class":58},[44,25730,25731],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25732,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,25734,25735,25737,25739,25741,25743,25745,25747,25749,25751,25753],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,25736,136],{"class":135},[44,25738,120],{"class":58},[44,25740,63],{"class":62},[44,25742,67],{"class":66},[44,25744,63],{"class":62},[44,25746,1354],{"class":1140},[44,25748,862],{"class":116},[44,25750,113],{"class":58},[44,25752,2185],{"class":116},[44,25754,2188],{"class":58},[20,25756,25757,25758,113],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25759,4112],{},[20,25761,25762],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[35,25764,25766],{"className":37,"code":25765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25767,25768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25769,25770,25772,25774,25776,25778,25780,25782,25784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25771,136],{"class":135},[44,25773,120],{"class":58},[44,25775,63],{"class":62},[44,25777,67],{"class":66},[44,25779,63],{"class":62},[44,25781,1354],{"class":1140},[44,25783,862],{"class":116},[44,25785,129],{"class":58},[20,25787,25788,25789,113],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[625,25790,21649],{"href":17607},[30,25792,25794],{"id":25793},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25796,25797,25798,113],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25799,17519],{},[981,25801,1904,25803,25805],{"id":25802},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25804,17519],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25807,25808,25810],{},[15,25809,17519],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25812,269],{},[35,25814,25816],{"className":37,"code":25815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25817,25818,25854],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25819,25820,25822,25824,25826,25828,25830,25832,25834,25836,25838,25840,25842,25844,25846,25848,25850,25852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25821,616],{"class":50},[44,25823,55],{"class":54},[44,25825,59],{"class":58},[44,25827,63],{"class":62},[44,25829,67],{"class":66},[44,25831,63],{"class":62},[44,25833,72],{"class":58},[44,25835,75],{"class":62},[44,25837,78],{"class":66},[44,25839,63],{"class":62},[44,25841,83],{"class":58},[44,25843,75],{"class":62},[44,25845,88],{"class":66},[44,25847,63],{"class":62},[44,25849,72],{"class":58},[44,25851,646],{"class":95},[44,25853,99],{"class":58},[44,25855,25856,25858,25860,25862,25864,25866],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25857,136],{"class":135},[44,25859,120],{"class":58},[44,25861,750],{"class":116},[44,25863,113],{"class":58},[44,25865,2185],{"class":116},[44,25867,2188],{"class":58},[20,25869,25870],{},[590,25871,2576],{},[35,25873,25875],{"className":37,"code":25874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25876,25877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25878,25879,25881,25883,25885,25887,25889,25891,25893,25895,25897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25880,17468],{"class":116},[44,25882,3492],{"class":58},[44,25884,2197],{"class":62},[44,25886,67],{"class":66},[44,25888,2197],{"class":62},[44,25890,83],{"class":58},[44,25892,2232],{"class":62},[44,25894,88],{"class":66},[44,25896,2197],{"class":62},[44,25898,4391],{"class":58},[20,25900,25901,25902,113],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[625,25903,25904],{"href":17529},[15,25905,17532],{},[981,25907,25909,25910],{"id":25908},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25911,17468],{},[20,25913,25914],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[35,25916,25918],{"className":37,"code":25917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25919,25920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25921,25922,25924,25926,25928,25930,25932,25934,25936,25938],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25923,896],{"class":58},[44,25925,2197],{"class":62},[44,25927,67],{"class":66},[44,25929,2197],{"class":62},[44,25931,83],{"class":58},[44,25933,2232],{"class":62},[44,25935,88],{"class":66},[44,25937,2197],{"class":62},[44,25939,1153],{"class":58},[20,25941,25942,25943,25945],{},"But ",[15,25944,17519],{}," returns:",[35,25947,25948],{"className":37,"code":25874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,25949,25950],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25951,25952,25954,25956,25958,25960,25962,25964,25966,25968,25970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25953,17468],{"class":116},[44,25955,3492],{"class":58},[44,25957,2197],{"class":62},[44,25959,67],{"class":66},[44,25961,2197],{"class":62},[44,25963,83],{"class":58},[44,25965,2232],{"class":62},[44,25967,88],{"class":66},[44,25969,2197],{"class":62},[44,25971,4391],{"class":58},[20,25973,25974],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[35,25976,25978],{"className":37,"code":25977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25979,25980,26016,26035,26039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25981,25982,25984,25986,25988,25990,25992,25994,25996,25998,26000,26002,26004,26006,26008,26010,26012,26014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25983,616],{"class":50},[44,25985,55],{"class":54},[44,25987,59],{"class":58},[44,25989,63],{"class":62},[44,25991,67],{"class":66},[44,25993,63],{"class":62},[44,25995,72],{"class":58},[44,25997,75],{"class":62},[44,25999,78],{"class":66},[44,26001,63],{"class":62},[44,26003,83],{"class":58},[44,26005,75],{"class":62},[44,26007,88],{"class":66},[44,26009,63],{"class":62},[44,26011,72],{"class":58},[44,26013,646],{"class":95},[44,26015,99],{"class":58},[44,26017,26018,26021,26023,26025,26027,26029,26031,26033],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26019,26020],{"class":50},"key_list ",[44,26022,55],{"class":54},[44,26024,22998],{"class":2248},[44,26026,120],{"class":58},[44,26028,750],{"class":116},[44,26030,113],{"class":58},[44,26032,2185],{"class":116},[44,26034,2188],{"class":58},[44,26036,26037],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,26038,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,26040,26041,26043,26045,26048],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,26042,136],{"class":135},[44,26044,120],{"class":58},[44,26046,26047],{"class":116},"key_list",[44,26049,129],{"class":58},[981,26051,26053,26054,26056],{"id":26052},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,26055,17519],{}," on a list or string",[20,26058,26059,26061],{},[15,26060,17519],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,26063,3342],{},[35,26065,26067],{"className":37,"code":26066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,26068,26069,26089],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26070,26071,26073,26075,26077,26079,26081,26083,26085,26087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26072,1551],{"class":50},[44,26074,55],{"class":54},[44,26076,1556],{"class":58},[44,26078,1588],{"class":95},[44,26080,83],{"class":58},[44,26082,1717],{"class":95},[44,26084,83],{"class":58},[44,26086,2955],{"class":95},[44,26088,1153],{"class":58},[44,26090,26091,26093,26095,26097,26099,26101],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26092,136],{"class":135},[44,26094,120],{"class":58},[44,26096,1579],{"class":116},[44,26098,113],{"class":58},[44,26100,2185],{"class":116},[44,26102,2188],{"class":58},[20,26104,26105,26106,26109,26110,26112,26113,113],{},"You may get an ",[15,26107,26108],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,26111,17519],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[625,26114,26116,26117,26120],{"href":26115},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,26118,26119],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[981,26122,26124],{"id":26123},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,26126,26127],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[35,26129,26131],{"className":37,"code":26130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,26132,26133,26157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26134,26135,26137,26139,26141,26143,26145,26147,26149,26151,26153,26155],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26136,616],{"class":50},[44,26138,55],{"class":54},[44,26140,59],{"class":58},[44,26142,63],{"class":62},[44,26144,67],{"class":66},[44,26146,63],{"class":62},[44,26148,72],{"class":58},[44,26150,75],{"class":62},[44,26152,78],{"class":66},[44,26154,63],{"class":62},[44,26156,99],{"class":58},[44,26158,26159,26161,26163,26165,26167,26169],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26160,136],{"class":135},[44,26162,120],{"class":58},[44,26164,750],{"class":116},[44,26166,113],{"class":58},[44,26168,2185],{"class":25189},[44,26170,129],{"class":58},[20,26172,26173],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,26175,19144],{},[35,26177,26179],{"className":37,"code":26178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,26180,26181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26182,26183,26185,26187,26189,26191,26193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26184,136],{"class":135},[44,26186,120],{"class":58},[44,26188,750],{"class":116},[44,26190,113],{"class":58},[44,26192,2185],{"class":116},[44,26194,2188],{"class":58},[30,26196,3335],{"id":3334},[20,26198,26199,26200,72],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,26201,17519],{},[252,26203,26204,26209,26214,26220],{},[255,26205,1785,26206,26208],{},[15,26207,17519],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[255,26210,1535,26211,26213],{},[15,26212,17519],{}," returns values too",[255,26215,26216,26217,26219],{},"Trying to index ",[15,26218,17468],{}," like a normal list",[255,26221,26222,26223,26225],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,26224,17468],{}," to a list when needed",[20,26227,26228],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[35,26230,26232],{"className":37,"code":26231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,26233,26234,26266,26280,26284,26294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26235,26236,26238,26240,26242,26244,26246,26248,26250,26252,26254,26256,26258,26260,26262,26264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26237,616],{"class":50},[44,26239,55],{"class":54},[44,26241,59],{"class":58},[44,26243,63],{"class":62},[44,26245,625],{"class":66},[44,26247,63],{"class":62},[44,26249,72],{"class":58},[44,26251,1703],{"class":95},[44,26253,83],{"class":58},[44,26255,75],{"class":62},[44,26257,639],{"class":66},[44,26259,63],{"class":62},[44,26261,72],{"class":58},[44,26263,1717],{"class":95},[44,26265,99],{"class":58},[44,26267,26268,26270,26272,26274,26276,26278],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26269,17696],{"class":50},[44,26271,55],{"class":54},[44,26273,662],{"class":50},[44,26275,113],{"class":58},[44,26277,2185],{"class":116},[44,26279,9138],{"class":58},[44,26281,26282],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,26283,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,26285,26286,26288,26290,26292],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,26287,136],{"class":135},[44,26289,120],{"class":58},[44,26291,2185],{"class":116},[44,26293,129],{"class":58},[44,26295,26296],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,26297,26298],{"class":147},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,26300,26301],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[35,26303,26305],{"className":37,"code":26304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,26306,26307,26339,26357,26361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26308,26309,26311,26313,26315,26317,26319,26321,26323,26325,26327,26329,26331,26333,26335,26337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26310,616],{"class":50},[44,26312,55],{"class":54},[44,26314,59],{"class":58},[44,26316,63],{"class":62},[44,26318,625],{"class":66},[44,26320,63],{"class":62},[44,26322,72],{"class":58},[44,26324,1703],{"class":95},[44,26326,83],{"class":58},[44,26328,75],{"class":62},[44,26330,639],{"class":66},[44,26332,63],{"class":62},[44,26334,72],{"class":58},[44,26336,1717],{"class":95},[44,26338,99],{"class":58},[44,26340,26341,26343,26345,26347,26349,26351,26353,26355],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26342,17696],{"class":50},[44,26344,55],{"class":54},[44,26346,22998],{"class":2248},[44,26348,120],{"class":58},[44,26350,750],{"class":116},[44,26352,113],{"class":58},[44,26354,2185],{"class":116},[44,26356,2188],{"class":58},[44,26358,26359],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,26360,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,26362,26363,26365,26367,26369,26371,26373],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,26364,136],{"class":135},[44,26366,120],{"class":58},[44,26368,2185],{"class":116},[44,26370,896],{"class":58},[44,26372,2626],{"class":95},[44,26374,4391],{"class":58},[30,26376,26378],{"id":26377},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26380,11592],{},[35,26382,26384],{"className":37,"code":26383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26385,26386,26400,26410,26424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26387,26388,26390,26392,26394,26396,26398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26389,136],{"class":135},[44,26391,120],{"class":58},[44,26393,2249],{"class":2248},[44,26395,120],{"class":58},[44,26397,405],{"class":116},[44,26399,2239],{"class":58},[44,26401,26402,26404,26406,26408],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26403,136],{"class":135},[44,26405,120],{"class":58},[44,26407,405],{"class":116},[44,26409,129],{"class":58},[44,26411,26412,26414,26416,26418,26420,26422],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,26413,136],{"class":135},[44,26415,120],{"class":58},[44,26417,405],{"class":116},[44,26419,113],{"class":58},[44,26421,2185],{"class":116},[44,26423,2188],{"class":58},[44,26425,26426,26428,26430,26432,26434,26436,26438,26440],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,26427,136],{"class":135},[44,26429,120],{"class":58},[44,26431,8588],{"class":2248},[44,26433,120],{"class":58},[44,26435,405],{"class":116},[44,26437,113],{"class":58},[44,26439,2185],{"class":116},[44,26441,6791],{"class":58},[20,26443,26444],{},"These help you confirm:",[252,26446,26447,26450,26453,26458],{},[255,26448,26449],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[255,26451,26452],{},"what data it contains",[255,26454,26455,26456,12180],{},"what ",[15,26457,17519],{},[255,26459,26460],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[30,26462,2301],{"id":2300},[981,26464,24357,26466,5646],{"id":26465},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26467,17519],{},[20,26469,17873,26470,26472],{},[15,26471,17468],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[981,26474,15359,26476,26479],{"id":26475},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26477,26478],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26481,26482,26483,26485,26486,113],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26484,17468],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26487,26488],{},"list(dict.keys())",[981,26490,26492,26493,2363],{"id":26491},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26494,26478],{},[20,26496,26497,26498,26500],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26499,6459],{}," loop.",[981,26502,26504,26505,26507],{"id":26503},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26506,17519],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26509,26510,26511,26513],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26512,17519],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[981,26515,26517],{"id":26516},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26519,227,26520,113],{},[15,26521,26522],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[30,26524,2375],{"id":2374},[252,26526,26527,26532,26538,26544,26550,26554],{},[255,26528,26529],{},[625,26530,26531],{"href":2296},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[255,26533,26534],{},[625,26535,11218,26536,11221],{"href":17522},[15,26537,17525],{},[255,26539,26540],{},[625,26541,11218,26542,11221],{"href":17529},[15,26543,17532],{},[255,26545,26546],{},[625,26547,26549],{"href":26548},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[255,26551,26552],{},[625,26553,17608],{"href":17607},[255,26555,26556],{},[625,26557,26558,26559,26120],{"href":26115},"How to fix ",[15,26560,26119],{},[2414,26562,26563],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":26565},[26566,26567,26569,26570,26571,26572,26573,26575,26584,26585,26586,26597],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":24688,"depth":102,"text":26568},"What keys() does",{"id":6287,"depth":102,"text":6288},{"id":5931,"depth":102,"text":5932},{"id":582,"depth":102,"text":583},{"id":25378,"depth":102,"text":25379},{"id":25534,"depth":102,"text":26574},"When to use keys()",{"id":25793,"depth":102,"text":25794,"children":26576},[26577,26579,26581,26583],{"id":25802,"depth":132,"text":26578},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25908,"depth":132,"text":26580},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":26052,"depth":132,"text":26582},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":26123,"depth":132,"text":26124},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":26377,"depth":102,"text":26378},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":26587},[26588,26590,26592,26594,26596],{"id":26465,"depth":132,"text":26589},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26475,"depth":132,"text":26591},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26491,"depth":132,"text":26593},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26503,"depth":132,"text":26595},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26516,"depth":132,"text":26517},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner 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28593,2358,28594,976,28596,2363],{"id":2357},[15,28595,1422],{},[15,28597,17],{},[20,28599,28600,2368,28602,2371],{},[15,28601,1422],{},[15,28603,17],{},[30,28605,2375],{"id":2374},[252,28607,28608,28614,28620,28624,28628,28632],{},[255,28609,28610],{},[625,28611,28612],{"href":761},[15,28613,2384],{},[255,28615,28616],{},[625,28617,28618],{"href":2351},[15,28619,2391],{},[255,28621,28622],{},[625,28623,2396],{"href":1190},[255,28625,28626],{},[625,28627,2402],{"href":2401},[255,28629,28630],{},[625,28631,1522],{"href":1521},[255,28633,28634],{},[625,28635,2412],{"href":2411},[2414,28637,2416],{},{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":28639},[28640,28641,28642,28643,28644,28645,28649,28654,28660,28661,28662,28669],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":242,"depth":102,"text":2421},{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":582,"depth":102,"text":583},{"id":768,"depth":102,"text":2425},{"id":964,"depth":102,"text":2427,"children":28646},[28647,28648],{"id":983,"depth":132,"text":2430},{"id":1087,"depth":132,"text":2432},{"id":1194,"depth":102,"text":2434,"children":28650},[28651,28652,28653],{"id":1203,"depth":132,"text":1204},{"id":1306,"depth":132,"text":1307},{"id":1418,"depth":132,"text":2439},{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526,"children":28655},[28656,28657,28658,28659],{"id":1534,"depth":132,"text":2443},{"id":1674,"depth":132,"text":2445},{"id":1784,"depth":132,"text":2447},{"id":1903,"depth":132,"text":2449},{"id":2007,"depth":102,"text":2008},{"id":2150,"depth":102,"text":2151},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":28663},[28664,28665,28666,28667,28668],{"id":2304,"depth":132,"text":2455},{"id":2314,"depth":132,"text":2315},{"id":2328,"depth":132,"text":2458},{"id":2338,"depth":132,"text":2460},{"id":2357,"depth":132,"text":2462},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},{},{"title":5,"description":2464},{"id":28673,"title":2391,"body":28674,"description":30614,"extension":2465,"meta":30615,"navigation":169,"path":30616,"seo":30617,"stem":30618,"__hash__":30619},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28675,"toc":30578},[28676,28681,28686,28689,28697,28707,28709,28798,28802,28851,28856,28861,28865,28881,28884,28886,28901,28903,28919,28926,28930,28936,28945,28947,29016,29020,29041,29044,29063,29066,29089,29091,29094,29209,29213,29272,29279,29283,29289,29414,29418,29468,29471,29475,29482,29484,29547,29551,29572,29575,29584,29599,29607,29614,29618,29630,29634,29645,29647,29793,29797,29856,29863,29868,29872,29878,29901,29906,29925,29929,30000,30007,30080,30089,30094,30099,30110,30113,30250,30255,30287,30292,30294,30298,30358,30361,30418,30421,30464,30466,30471,30477,30483,30486,30493,30501,30506,30509,30516,30524,30526,30575],[10,28677,13,28679,18],{"id":28678},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28680,2354],{},[20,28682,2482,28683,28685],{},[15,28684,2354],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28687,28688],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[252,28690,28691,28694],{},[255,28692,28693],{},"remove an item",[255,28695,28696],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28698,28699,28700,28702,28703,28706],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28701,2354],{}," removes the ",[590,28704,28705],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[30,28708,2507],{"id":2506},[35,28710,28712],{"className":37,"code":28711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28713,28714,28758,28774,28778,28788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28715,28716,28718,28720,28722,28724,28726,28728,28730,28732,28734,28736,28738,28740,28742,28744,28746,28748,28750,28752,28754,28756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28717,616],{"class":50},[44,28719,55],{"class":54},[44,28721,59],{"class":58},[44,28723,63],{"class":62},[44,28725,625],{"class":66},[44,28727,63],{"class":62},[44,28729,72],{"class":58},[44,28731,1703],{"class":95},[44,28733,83],{"class":58},[44,28735,75],{"class":62},[44,28737,639],{"class":66},[44,28739,63],{"class":62},[44,28741,72],{"class":58},[44,28743,1717],{"class":95},[44,28745,83],{"class":58},[44,28747,75],{"class":62},[44,28749,696],{"class":66},[44,28751,63],{"class":62},[44,28753,72],{"class":58},[44,28755,2955],{"class":95},[44,28757,99],{"class":58},[44,28759,28760,28763,28765,28767,28769,28772],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,28761,28762],{"class":50},"item ",[44,28764,55],{"class":54},[44,28766,662],{"class":50},[44,28768,113],{"class":58},[44,28770,28771],{"class":116},"popitem",[44,28773,9138],{"class":58},[44,28775,28776],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,28777,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,28779,28780,28782,28784,28786],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,28781,136],{"class":135},[44,28783,120],{"class":58},[44,28785,23749],{"class":116},[44,28787,129],{"class":58},[44,28789,28790,28792,28794,28796],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,28791,136],{"class":135},[44,28793,120],{"class":58},[44,28795,750],{"class":116},[44,28797,129],{"class":58},[20,28799,28800],{},[590,28801,2576],{},[35,28803,28805],{"className":37,"code":28804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28806,28807,28823],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28808,28809,28811,28813,28815,28817,28819,28821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28810,120],{"class":58},[44,28812,2197],{"class":62},[44,28814,696],{"class":66},[44,28816,2197],{"class":62},[44,28818,83],{"class":58},[44,28820,2955],{"class":95},[44,28822,129],{"class":58},[44,28824,28825,28827,28829,28831,28833,28835,28837,28839,28841,28843,28845,28847,28849],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,28826,9770],{"class":58},[44,28828,2197],{"class":62},[44,28830,625],{"class":66},[44,28832,2197],{"class":62},[44,28834,72],{"class":58},[44,28836,1703],{"class":95},[44,28838,83],{"class":58},[44,28840,2232],{"class":62},[44,28842,639],{"class":66},[44,28844,2197],{"class":62},[44,28846,72],{"class":58},[44,28848,1717],{"class":95},[44,28850,99],{"class":58},[20,28852,28853,28855],{},[15,28854,2354],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[30,28857,243,28859,246],{"id":28858},"what-popitem-does",[15,28860,2354],{},[20,28862,28863,72],{},[15,28864,2354],{},[252,28866,28867,28870,28875,28878],{},[255,28868,28869],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[255,28871,28872,28873],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28874,22093],{},[255,28876,28877],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[255,28879,28880],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28882,28883],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[30,28885,392],{"id":391},[35,28887,28889],{"className":37,"code":28888,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28890,28891],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28892,28893,28895,28897,28899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28894,16060],{"class":50},[44,28896,113],{"class":58},[44,28898,28771],{"class":116},[44,28900,9138],{"class":58},[20,28902,11935],{},[252,28904,28905,28913,28916],{},[255,28906,28907,28909,28910],{},[15,28908,2354],{}," takes ",[590,28911,28912],{},"no arguments",[255,28914,28915],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[255,28917,28918],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28920,28921,28922,765],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[625,28923,28924],{"href":13039},[15,28925,17],{},[30,28927,28929],{"id":28928},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28931,28932,28933,28935],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28934,2354],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28937,28938,28939,28942],"ol",{},[255,28940,28941],{},"the key",[255,28943,28944],{},"the value",[20,28946,269],{},[35,28948,28950],{"className":37,"code":28949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28951,28952,28988,29002,29006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28953,28954,28956,28958,28960,28962,28964,28966,28968,28970,28972,28974,28976,28978,28980,28982,28984,28986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28955,51],{"class":50},[44,28957,55],{"class":54},[44,28959,59],{"class":58},[44,28961,63],{"class":62},[44,28963,67],{"class":66},[44,28965,63],{"class":62},[44,28967,72],{"class":58},[44,28969,75],{"class":62},[44,28971,5505],{"class":66},[44,28973,63],{"class":62},[44,28975,83],{"class":58},[44,28977,75],{"class":62},[44,28979,88],{"class":66},[44,28981,63],{"class":62},[44,28983,72],{"class":58},[44,28985,96],{"class":95},[44,28987,99],{"class":58},[44,28989,28990,28992,28994,28996,28998,29000],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,28991,1953],{"class":50},[44,28993,55],{"class":54},[44,28995,110],{"class":50},[44,28997,113],{"class":58},[44,28999,28771],{"class":116},[44,29001,9138],{"class":58},[44,29003,29004],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,29005,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,29007,29008,29010,29012,29014],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,29009,136],{"class":135},[44,29011,120],{"class":58},[44,29013,1984],{"class":116},[44,29015,129],{"class":58},[20,29017,29018],{},[590,29019,2576],{},[35,29021,29023],{"className":37,"code":29022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('age', 25)\n",[15,29024,29025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29026,29027,29029,29031,29033,29035,29037,29039],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29028,120],{"class":58},[44,29030,2197],{"class":62},[44,29032,88],{"class":66},[44,29034,2197],{"class":62},[44,29036,83],{"class":58},[44,29038,96],{"class":95},[44,29040,129],{"class":58},[20,29042,29043],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[35,29045,29047],{"className":37,"code":29046,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,29048,29049],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29050,29051,29053,29055,29057,29059,29061],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29052,1953],{"class":50},[44,29054,55],{"class":54},[44,29056,110],{"class":50},[44,29058,113],{"class":58},[44,29060,28771],{"class":116},[44,29062,9138],{"class":58},[20,29064,29065],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[35,29067,29069],{"className":37,"code":29068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,29070,29071],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29072,29073,29075,29077,29079,29081,29083,29085,29087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29074,414],{"class":50},[44,29076,83],{"class":58},[44,29078,22023],{"class":50},[44,29080,55],{"class":54},[44,29082,110],{"class":50},[44,29084,113],{"class":58},[44,29086,28771],{"class":116},[44,29088,9138],{"class":58},[30,29090,11952],{"id":11951},[20,29092,29093],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[35,29095,29097],{"className":37,"code":29096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29098,29099,29147,29151,29166,29170,29190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29100,29101,29103,29105,29107,29109,29112,29114,29116,29118,29120,29122,29124,29126,29128,29131,29133,29135,29138,29140,29142,29145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29102,472],{"class":50},[44,29104,55],{"class":54},[44,29106,59],{"class":58},[44,29108,63],{"class":62},[44,29110,29111],{"class":66},"Tom",[44,29113,63],{"class":62},[44,29115,72],{"class":58},[44,29117,5576],{"class":95},[44,29119,83],{"class":58},[44,29121,75],{"class":62},[44,29123,78],{"class":66},[44,29125,63],{"class":62},[44,29127,72],{"class":58},[44,29129,29130],{"class":95}," 95",[44,29132,83],{"class":58},[44,29134,75],{"class":62},[44,29136,29137],{"class":66},"Leo",[44,29139,63],{"class":62},[44,29141,72],{"class":58},[44,29143,29144],{"class":95}," 88",[44,29146,99],{"class":58},[44,29148,29149],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29150,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,29152,29153,29156,29158,29160,29162,29164],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,29154,29155],{"class":50},"removed_pair ",[44,29157,55],{"class":54},[44,29159,5611],{"class":50},[44,29161,113],{"class":58},[44,29163,28771],{"class":116},[44,29165,9138],{"class":58},[44,29167,29168],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,29169,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,29171,29172,29174,29176,29178,29181,29183,29185,29188],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,29173,136],{"class":135},[44,29175,120],{"class":58},[44,29177,63],{"class":62},[44,29179,29180],{"class":66},"Removed:",[44,29182,63],{"class":62},[44,29184,83],{"class":58},[44,29186,29187],{"class":116}," removed_pair",[44,29189,129],{"class":58},[44,29191,29192,29194,29196,29198,29201,29203,29205,29207],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,29193,136],{"class":135},[44,29195,120],{"class":58},[44,29197,63],{"class":62},[44,29199,29200],{"class":66},"After removal:",[44,29202,63],{"class":62},[44,29204,83],{"class":58},[44,29206,5611],{"class":116},[44,29208,129],{"class":58},[20,29210,29211],{},[590,29212,2576],{},[35,29214,29216],{"className":37,"code":29215,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29217,29218,29239],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29219,29220,29223,29225,29227,29229,29231,29233,29235,29237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29221,29222],{"class":50},"Removed",[44,29224,72],{"class":58},[44,29226,9728],{"class":58},[44,29228,2197],{"class":62},[44,29230,29137],{"class":66},[44,29232,2197],{"class":62},[44,29234,83],{"class":58},[44,29236,29144],{"class":95},[44,29238,129],{"class":58},[44,29240,29241,29244,29246,29248,29250,29252,29254,29256,29258,29260,29262,29264,29266,29268,29270],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29242,29243],{"class":50},"After removal",[44,29245,72],{"class":58},[44,29247,59],{"class":58},[44,29249,2197],{"class":62},[44,29251,29111],{"class":66},[44,29253,2197],{"class":62},[44,29255,72],{"class":58},[44,29257,5576],{"class":95},[44,29259,83],{"class":58},[44,29261,2232],{"class":62},[44,29263,78],{"class":66},[44,29265,2197],{"class":62},[44,29267,72],{"class":58},[44,29269,29130],{"class":95},[44,29271,99],{"class":58},[20,29273,29274,29275,29278],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29276,29277],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[30,29280,29282],{"id":29281},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29284,29285,29286,29288],{},"Because ",[15,29287,2354],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[35,29290,29292],{"className":37,"code":29291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29293,29294,29330,29334,29353,29357,29376,29395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29295,29296,29298,29300,29302,29304,29306,29308,29310,29312,29314,29316,29318,29320,29322,29324,29326,29328],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29297,15903],{"class":50},[44,29299,55],{"class":54},[44,29301,59],{"class":58},[44,29303,63],{"class":62},[44,29305,15914],{"class":66},[44,29307,63],{"class":62},[44,29309,72],{"class":58},[44,29311,75],{"class":62},[44,29313,15923],{"class":66},[44,29315,63],{"class":62},[44,29317,83],{"class":58},[44,29319,75],{"class":62},[44,29321,15934],{"class":66},[44,29323,63],{"class":62},[44,29325,72],{"class":58},[44,29327,846],{"class":95},[44,29329,99],{"class":58},[44,29331,29332],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29333,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,29335,29336,29338,29340,29342,29344,29347,29349,29351],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,29337,414],{"class":50},[44,29339,83],{"class":58},[44,29341,22023],{"class":50},[44,29343,55],{"class":54},[44,29345,29346],{"class":50}," book",[44,29348,113],{"class":58},[44,29350,28771],{"class":116},[44,29352,9138],{"class":58},[44,29354,29355],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,29356,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,29358,29359,29361,29363,29365,29368,29370,29372,29374],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,29360,136],{"class":135},[44,29362,120],{"class":58},[44,29364,63],{"class":62},[44,29366,29367],{"class":66},"Key:",[44,29369,63],{"class":62},[44,29371,83],{"class":58},[44,29373,22018],{"class":116},[44,29375,129],{"class":58},[44,29377,29378,29380,29382,29384,29387,29389,29391,29393],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,29379,136],{"class":135},[44,29381,120],{"class":58},[44,29383,63],{"class":62},[44,29385,29386],{"class":66},"Value:",[44,29388,63],{"class":62},[44,29390,83],{"class":58},[44,29392,8928],{"class":116},[44,29394,129],{"class":58},[44,29396,29397,29399,29401,29403,29406,29408,29410,29412],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,29398,136],{"class":135},[44,29400,120],{"class":58},[44,29402,63],{"class":62},[44,29404,29405],{"class":66},"Dictionary:",[44,29407,63],{"class":62},[44,29409,83],{"class":58},[44,29411,29346],{"class":116},[44,29413,129],{"class":58},[20,29415,29416],{},[590,29417,2576],{},[35,29419,29421],{"className":37,"code":29420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29422,29423,29433,29443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29424,29425,29428,29430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29426,29427],{"class":50},"Key",[44,29429,72],{"class":58},[44,29431,29432],{"class":50}," pages\n",[44,29434,29435,29438,29440],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29436,29437],{"class":50},"Value",[44,29439,72],{"class":58},[44,29441,29442],{"class":95}," 200\n",[44,29444,29445,29448,29450,29452,29454,29456,29458,29460,29462,29464,29466],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,29446,29447],{"class":50},"Dictionary",[44,29449,72],{"class":58},[44,29451,59],{"class":58},[44,29453,2197],{"class":62},[44,29455,15914],{"class":66},[44,29457,2197],{"class":62},[44,29459,72],{"class":58},[44,29461,2232],{"class":62},[44,29463,15923],{"class":66},[44,29465,2197],{"class":62},[44,29467,99],{"class":58},[20,29469,29470],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[30,29472,29474],{"id":29473},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29476,29477,29478,28702,29480,113],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29479,2354],{},[590,29481,28705],{},[20,29483,269],{},[35,29485,29487],{"className":37,"code":29486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29488,29489,29533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29490,29491,29493,29495,29497,29499,29501,29503,29505,29507,29509,29511,29513,29515,29517,29519,29521,29523,29525,29527,29529,29531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29492,616],{"class":50},[44,29494,55],{"class":54},[44,29496,59],{"class":58},[44,29498,63],{"class":62},[44,29500,1696],{"class":66},[44,29502,63],{"class":62},[44,29504,72],{"class":58},[44,29506,1703],{"class":95},[44,29508,83],{"class":58},[44,29510,75],{"class":62},[44,29512,1710],{"class":66},[44,29514,63],{"class":62},[44,29516,72],{"class":58},[44,29518,1717],{"class":95},[44,29520,83],{"class":58},[44,29522,75],{"class":62},[44,29524,22515],{"class":66},[44,29526,63],{"class":62},[44,29528,72],{"class":58},[44,29530,2955],{"class":95},[44,29532,99],{"class":58},[44,29534,29535,29537,29539,29541,29543,29545],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29536,136],{"class":135},[44,29538,120],{"class":58},[44,29540,750],{"class":116},[44,29542,113],{"class":58},[44,29544,28771],{"class":116},[44,29546,2188],{"class":58},[20,29548,29549],{},[590,29550,2576],{},[35,29552,29554],{"className":37,"code":29553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29555,29556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29557,29558,29560,29562,29564,29566,29568,29570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29559,120],{"class":58},[44,29561,2197],{"class":62},[44,29563,22515],{"class":66},[44,29565,2197],{"class":62},[44,29567,83],{"class":58},[44,29569,2955],{"class":95},[44,29571,129],{"class":58},[20,29573,29574],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29576,29577,29578,29580,29581,29583],{},"As a beginner, do ",[590,29579,592],{}," think of ",[15,29582,2354],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29585,29586,29587,2695,29591,17526,29595,113],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[625,29588,29589],{"href":17529},[15,29590,17532],{},[625,29592,29593],{"href":17516},[15,29594,17519],{},[625,29596,29597],{"href":17522},[15,29598,17525],{},[30,29600,29602,29603,976,29605],{"id":29601},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29604,2354],{},[15,29606,17],{},[20,29608,29609,976,29611,29613],{},[15,29610,2354],{},[15,29612,17],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[981,29615,29616],{"id":28771},[15,29617,2354],{},[252,29619,29620,29623,29626],{},[255,29621,29622],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[255,29624,29625],{},"does not need a key argument",[255,29627,4195,29628],{},[15,29629,22093],{},[981,29631,29632],{"id":117},[15,29633,17],{},[252,29635,29636,29639,29642],{},[255,29637,29638],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[255,29640,29641],{},"needs the key name",[255,29643,29644],{},"returns only the value",[20,29646,269],{},[35,29648,29650],{"className":37,"code":29649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29651,29652,29696,29700,29714,29734,29738,29760,29779,29783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29653,29654,29656,29658,29660,29662,29664,29666,29668,29670,29672,29674,29676,29678,29680,29682,29684,29686,29688,29690,29692,29694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29655,616],{"class":50},[44,29657,55],{"class":54},[44,29659,59],{"class":58},[44,29661,63],{"class":62},[44,29663,625],{"class":66},[44,29665,63],{"class":62},[44,29667,72],{"class":58},[44,29669,1703],{"class":95},[44,29671,83],{"class":58},[44,29673,75],{"class":62},[44,29675,639],{"class":66},[44,29677,63],{"class":62},[44,29679,72],{"class":58},[44,29681,1717],{"class":95},[44,29683,83],{"class":58},[44,29685,75],{"class":62},[44,29687,696],{"class":66},[44,29689,63],{"class":62},[44,29691,72],{"class":58},[44,29693,2955],{"class":95},[44,29695,99],{"class":58},[44,29697,29698],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29699,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,29701,29702,29704,29706,29708,29710,29712],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,29703,28762],{"class":50},[44,29705,55],{"class":54},[44,29707,662],{"class":50},[44,29709,113],{"class":58},[44,29711,28771],{"class":116},[44,29713,9138],{"class":58},[44,29715,29716,29718,29720,29722,29725,29727,29729,29732],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,29717,136],{"class":135},[44,29719,120],{"class":58},[44,29721,63],{"class":62},[44,29723,29724],{"class":66},"popitem():",[44,29726,63],{"class":62},[44,29728,83],{"class":58},[44,29730,29731],{"class":116}," item",[44,29733,129],{"class":58},[44,29735,29736],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,29737,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,29739,29740,29742,29744,29746,29748,29750,29752,29754,29756,29758],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,29741,1244],{"class":50},[44,29743,55],{"class":54},[44,29745,662],{"class":50},[44,29747,113],{"class":58},[44,29749,117],{"class":116},[44,29751,120],{"class":58},[44,29753,63],{"class":62},[44,29755,625],{"class":66},[44,29757,63],{"class":62},[44,29759,129],{"class":58},[44,29761,29762,29764,29766,29768,29771,29773,29775,29777],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,29763,136],{"class":135},[44,29765,120],{"class":58},[44,29767,63],{"class":62},[44,29769,29770],{"class":66},"pop('a'):",[44,29772,63],{"class":62},[44,29774,83],{"class":58},[44,29776,8928],{"class":116},[44,29778,129],{"class":58},[44,29780,29781],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,29782,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,29784,29785,29787,29789,29791],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,29786,136],{"class":135},[44,29788,120],{"class":58},[44,29790,750],{"class":116},[44,29792,129],{"class":58},[20,29794,29795],{},[590,29796,2576],{},[35,29798,29800],{"className":37,"code":29799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29801,29802,29823,29840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29803,29804,29806,29809,29811,29813,29815,29817,29819,29821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29805,28771],{"class":116},[44,29807,29808],{"class":58},"():",[44,29810,9728],{"class":58},[44,29812,2197],{"class":62},[44,29814,696],{"class":66},[44,29816,2197],{"class":62},[44,29818,83],{"class":58},[44,29820,2955],{"class":95},[44,29822,129],{"class":58},[44,29824,29825,29827,29829,29831,29833,29835,29837],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29826,117],{"class":116},[44,29828,120],{"class":58},[44,29830,2197],{"class":62},[44,29832,625],{"class":66},[44,29834,2197],{"class":62},[44,29836,16907],{"class":58},[44,29838,29839],{"class":95}," 1\n",[44,29841,29842,29844,29846,29848,29850,29852,29854],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,29843,9770],{"class":58},[44,29845,2197],{"class":62},[44,29847,639],{"class":66},[44,29849,2197],{"class":62},[44,29851,72],{"class":58},[44,29853,1717],{"class":95},[44,29855,99],{"class":58},[20,29857,227,29858,29862],{},[625,29859,29860],{"href":13039},[15,29861,17],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29864,227,29865,29867],{},[15,29866,2354],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[30,29869,29871],{"id":29870},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29873,29874,29875,29877],{},"Calling ",[15,29876,2354],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[35,29879,29881],{"className":37,"code":29880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29882,29883,29891],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29884,29885,29887,29889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29886,616],{"class":50},[44,29888,55],{"class":54},[44,29890,10325],{"class":58},[44,29892,29893,29895,29897,29899],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29894,750],{"class":50},[44,29896,113],{"class":58},[44,29898,28771],{"class":116},[44,29900,9138],{"class":58},[20,29902,29903],{},[590,29904,29905],{},"Error:",[35,29907,29909],{"className":37,"code":29908,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29910,29911],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29912,29913,29915,29917,29919,29922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29914,238],{"class":2248},[44,29916,72],{"class":58},[44,29918,2232],{"class":62},[44,29920,29921],{"class":66},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[44,29923,29924],{"class":62},"'\n",[981,29926,29928],{"id":29927},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[35,29930,29932],{"className":37,"code":29931,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29933,29934,29942,29946,29954,29969,29979,29985],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29935,29936,29938,29940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29937,616],{"class":50},[44,29939,55],{"class":54},[44,29941,10325],{"class":58},[44,29943,29944],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29945,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,29947,29948,29950,29952],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,29949,1345],{"class":1140},[44,29951,662],{"class":50},[44,29953,1359],{"class":58},[44,29955,29956,29959,29961,29963,29965,29967],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,29957,29958],{"class":50},"    item ",[44,29960,55],{"class":54},[44,29962,662],{"class":50},[44,29964,113],{"class":58},[44,29966,28771],{"class":116},[44,29968,9138],{"class":58},[44,29970,29971,29973,29975,29977],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,29972,1387],{"class":135},[44,29974,120],{"class":58},[44,29976,23749],{"class":116},[44,29978,129],{"class":58},[44,29980,29981,29983],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,29982,1398],{"class":1140},[44,29984,1359],{"class":58},[44,29986,29987,29989,29991,29993,29996,29998],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,29988,1387],{"class":135},[44,29990,120],{"class":58},[44,29992,63],{"class":62},[44,29994,29995],{"class":66},"Dictionary is empty",[44,29997,63],{"class":62},[44,29999,129],{"class":58},[981,30001,30003,30004],{"id":30002},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,30005,30006],{},"try-except",[35,30008,30010],{"className":37,"code":30009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,30011,30012,30020,30024,30031,30045,30055,30065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30013,30014,30016,30018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30015,616],{"class":50},[44,30017,55],{"class":54},[44,30019,10325],{"class":58},[44,30021,30022],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,30023,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,30025,30026,30029],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,30027,30028],{"class":1140},"try",[44,30030,1359],{"class":58},[44,30032,30033,30035,30037,30039,30041,30043],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,30034,29958],{"class":50},[44,30036,55],{"class":54},[44,30038,662],{"class":50},[44,30040,113],{"class":58},[44,30042,28771],{"class":116},[44,30044,9138],{"class":58},[44,30046,30047,30049,30051,30053],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,30048,1387],{"class":135},[44,30050,120],{"class":58},[44,30052,23749],{"class":116},[44,30054,129],{"class":58},[44,30056,30057,30060,30063],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,30058,30059],{"class":1140},"except",[44,30061,30062],{"class":2248}," KeyError",[44,30064,1359],{"class":58},[44,30066,30067,30069,30071,30073,30076,30078],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,30068,1387],{"class":135},[44,30070,120],{"class":58},[44,30072,63],{"class":62},[44,30074,30075],{"class":66},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[44,30077,63],{"class":62},[44,30079,129],{"class":58},[20,30081,30082,30083,113],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[625,30084,26116,30086],{"href":30085},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,30087,30088],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[30,30090,769,30092],{"id":30091},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,30093,2354],{},[20,30095,30096,30098],{},[15,30097,2354],{}," is useful when:",[252,30100,30101,30104,30107],{},[255,30102,30103],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[255,30105,30106],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[255,30108,30109],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30111,30112],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[35,30114,30116],{"className":37,"code":30115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30117,30118,30127,30147,30167,30185,30189,30193,30203,30222],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30119,30120,30123,30125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30121,30122],{"class":50},"tasks ",[44,30124,55],{"class":54},[44,30126,11969],{"class":58},[44,30128,30129,30131,30134,30136,30138,30140,30143,30145],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,30130,11974],{"class":62},[44,30132,30133],{"class":66},"first",[44,30135,63],{"class":62},[44,30137,72],{"class":58},[44,30139,75],{"class":62},[44,30141,30142],{"class":66},"wash dishes",[44,30144,63],{"class":62},[44,30146,11990],{"class":58},[44,30148,30149,30151,30154,30156,30158,30160,30163,30165],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,30150,11974],{"class":62},[44,30152,30153],{"class":66},"second",[44,30155,63],{"class":62},[44,30157,72],{"class":58},[44,30159,75],{"class":62},[44,30161,30162],{"class":66},"do homework",[44,30164,63],{"class":62},[44,30166,11990],{"class":58},[44,30168,30169,30171,30174,30176,30178,30180,30183],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,30170,11974],{"class":62},[44,30172,30173],{"class":66},"third",[44,30175,63],{"class":62},[44,30177,72],{"class":58},[44,30179,75],{"class":62},[44,30181,30182],{"class":66},"read book",[44,30184,3865],{"class":62},[44,30186,30187],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,30188,99],{"class":58},[44,30190,30191],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,30192,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,30194,30195,30198,30201],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,30196,30197],{"class":1140},"while",[44,30199,30200],{"class":50}," tasks",[44,30202,1359],{"class":58},[44,30204,30205,30208,30210,30212,30214,30216,30218,30220],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,30206,30207],{"class":50},"    key",[44,30209,83],{"class":58},[44,30211,22023],{"class":50},[44,30213,55],{"class":54},[44,30215,30200],{"class":50},[44,30217,113],{"class":58},[44,30219,28771],{"class":116},[44,30221,9138],{"class":58},[44,30223,30224,30226,30228,30230,30232,30234,30236,30238,30240,30242,30244,30246,30248],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,30225,1387],{"class":135},[44,30227,120],{"class":58},[44,30229,22732],{"class":2570},[44,30231,63],{"class":66},[44,30233,9770],{"class":95},[44,30235,414],{"class":116},[44,30237,22741],{"class":95},[44,30239,22744],{"class":66},[44,30241,9770],{"class":95},[44,30243,1282],{"class":116},[44,30245,22741],{"class":95},[44,30247,63],{"class":66},[44,30249,129],{"class":58},[20,30251,30252],{},[590,30253,30254],{},"Possible output:",[35,30256,30258],{"className":37,"code":30257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30259,30260,30269,30278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30261,30262,30264,30266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30263,30173],{"class":50},[44,30265,72],{"class":58},[44,30267,30268],{"class":50}," read book\n",[44,30270,30271,30273,30275],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,30272,30153],{"class":50},[44,30274,72],{"class":58},[44,30276,30277],{"class":50}," do homework\n",[44,30279,30280,30282,30284],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,30281,30133],{"class":50},[44,30283,72],{"class":58},[44,30285,30286],{"class":50}," wash dishes\n",[20,30288,29285,30289,30291],{},[15,30290,2354],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[30,30293,3335],{"id":3334},[20,30295,15191,30296,72],{},[15,30297,2354],{},[252,30299,30300,30314,30333,30344],{},[255,30301,30302,30307],{},[590,30303,29874,30304,30306],{},[15,30305,2354],{}," on an empty dictionary",[252,30308,30309],{},[255,30310,30311,30312,113],{},"This raises ",[15,30313,238],{},[255,30315,30316,30321],{},[590,30317,1904,30318,30320],{},[15,30319,2354],{}," to remove a specific key",[252,30322,30323,30326],{},[255,30324,30325],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[255,30327,227,30328,30332],{},[625,30329,30330],{"href":13039},[15,30331,17],{}," if you need that.",[255,30334,30335,30339],{},[590,30336,1675,30337,1678],{},[15,30338,2354],{},[252,30340,30341],{},[255,30342,30343],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[255,30345,30346,30349],{},[590,30347,30348],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[252,30350,30351],{},[255,30352,30353,22413,30355,30357],{},[15,30354,2354],{},[15,30356,22093],{}," tuple.",[20,30359,30360],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[35,30362,30364],{"className":37,"code":30363,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30365,30366,30376,30390,30394,30408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30367,30368,30370,30372,30374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30369,136],{"class":135},[44,30371,120],{"class":58},[44,30373,405],{"class":116},[44,30375,129],{"class":58},[44,30377,30378,30380,30382,30384,30386,30388],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,30379,136],{"class":135},[44,30381,120],{"class":58},[44,30383,11641],{"class":135},[44,30385,120],{"class":58},[44,30387,405],{"class":116},[44,30389,2239],{"class":58},[44,30391,30392],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,30393,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,30395,30396,30398,30400,30402,30404,30406],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,30397,28762],{"class":50},[44,30399,55],{"class":54},[44,30401,1249],{"class":50},[44,30403,113],{"class":58},[44,30405,28771],{"class":116},[44,30407,9138],{"class":58},[44,30409,30410,30412,30414,30416],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,30411,136],{"class":135},[44,30413,120],{"class":58},[44,30415,23749],{"class":116},[44,30417,129],{"class":58},[20,30419,30420],{},"Or with unpacking:",[35,30422,30424],{"className":37,"code":30423,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30425,30426,30444,30454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30427,30428,30430,30432,30434,30436,30438,30440,30442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30429,414],{"class":50},[44,30431,83],{"class":58},[44,30433,22023],{"class":50},[44,30435,55],{"class":54},[44,30437,1249],{"class":50},[44,30439,113],{"class":58},[44,30441,28771],{"class":116},[44,30443,9138],{"class":58},[44,30445,30446,30448,30450,30452],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,30447,136],{"class":135},[44,30449,120],{"class":58},[44,30451,414],{"class":116},[44,30453,129],{"class":58},[44,30455,30456,30458,30460,30462],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,30457,136],{"class":135},[44,30459,120],{"class":58},[44,30461,1282],{"class":116},[44,30463,129],{"class":58},[30,30465,2301],{"id":2300},[981,30467,5643,30469,5646],{"id":30468},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30470,2354],{},[20,30472,30473,30474,113],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30475,30476],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[981,30478,2329,30480,30482],{"id":30479},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30481,2354],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30484,30485],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[981,30487,30489,30490,30492],{"id":30488},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30491,2354],{}," removes?",[20,30494,30495,30496,30500],{},"No. Use ",[625,30497,30498],{"href":13039},[15,30499,17],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[981,30502,2329,30504,2332],{"id":30503},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30505,2354],{},[20,30507,30508],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[981,30510,30512,30513,30515],{"id":30511},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30514,2354],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30517,30518,30519,30521,30522,113],{},"It raises ",[15,30520,238],{}," with the message ",[15,30523,29921],{},[30,30525,2375],{"id":2374},[252,30527,30528,30535,30541,30547,30553,30560,30564,30568],{},[255,30529,30530],{},[625,30531,30532,30534],{"href":13039},[15,30533,17],{}," method for dictionaries",[255,30536,30537],{},[625,30538,30539,30534],{"href":17529},[15,30540,17532],{},[255,30542,30543],{},[625,30544,30545,30534],{"href":17516},[15,30546,17519],{},[255,30548,30549],{},[625,30550,30551,30534],{"href":17522},[15,30552,17525],{},[255,30554,30555],{},[625,30556,30558,30534],{"href":30557},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30559,11799],{},[255,30561,30562],{},[625,30563,2396],{"href":1190},[255,30565,30566],{},[625,30567,2402],{"href":2401},[255,30569,30570],{},[625,30571,30572,30573],{"href":30085},"Fix ",[15,30574,30088],{},[2414,30576,30577],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":30579},[30580,30581,30583,30584,30585,30586,30587,30588,30593,30598,30600,30601,30613],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":28858,"depth":102,"text":30582},"What popitem() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":28928,"depth":102,"text":28929},{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952},{"id":29281,"depth":102,"text":29282},{"id":29473,"depth":102,"text":29474},{"id":29601,"depth":102,"text":30589,"children":30590},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30591,30592],{"id":28771,"depth":132,"text":2354},{"id":117,"depth":132,"text":17},{"id":29870,"depth":102,"text":29871,"children":30594},[30595,30596],{"id":29927,"depth":132,"text":29928},{"id":30002,"depth":132,"text":30597},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30091,"depth":102,"text":30599},"When to use popitem()",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":30602},[30603,30605,30607,30609,30611],{"id":30468,"depth":132,"text":30604},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30479,"depth":132,"text":30606},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30488,"depth":132,"text":30608},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30503,"depth":132,"text":30610},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30511,"depth":132,"text":30612},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":2391,"description":30614},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30621,"title":30622,"body":30623,"description":32526,"extension":2465,"meta":32527,"navigation":169,"path":14492,"seo":32528,"stem":32529,"__hash__":32530},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30624,"toc":32498},[30625,30630,30635,30638,30640,30737,30742,30747,30752,30755,30763,30766,30781,30783,30883,30885,30942,30946,30948,30951,30971,30976,30987,30990,31017,31020,31022,31079,31081,31102,31108,31113,31116,31127,31129,31237,31239,31292,31294,31306,31313,31319,31324,31327,31415,31417,31462,31465,31473,31476,31479,31548,31551,31554,31558,31561,31632,31634,31687,31690,31693,31696,31711,31714,31726,31729,31792,31794,31800,31802,31804,31883,31885,31926,31928,31993,31995,32032,32037,32042,32046,32060,32063,32186,32188,32273,32278,32280,32284,32306,32309,32389,32392,32411,32416,32418,32424,32429,32435,32438,32444,32447,32453,32458,32464,32470,32472,32495],[10,30626,13,30628,18],{"id":30627},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30629,15410],{},[20,30631,2482,30632,30634],{},[15,30633,15410],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30636,30637],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[30,30639,2507],{"id":2506},[35,30641,30643],{"className":37,"code":30642,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30644,30645,30681,30722,30732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30646,30647,30649,30651,30653,30655,30657,30659,30661,30663,30665,30667,30669,30671,30673,30675,30677,30679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30648,51],{"class":50},[44,30650,55],{"class":54},[44,30652,59],{"class":58},[44,30654,63],{"class":62},[44,30656,67],{"class":66},[44,30658,63],{"class":62},[44,30660,72],{"class":58},[44,30662,75],{"class":62},[44,30664,78],{"class":66},[44,30666,63],{"class":62},[44,30668,83],{"class":58},[44,30670,75],{"class":62},[44,30672,88],{"class":66},[44,30674,63],{"class":62},[44,30676,72],{"class":58},[44,30678,646],{"class":95},[44,30680,99],{"class":58},[44,30682,30683,30685,30687,30690,30692,30694,30696,30698,30700,30703,30705,30707,30709,30711,30713,30715,30717,30719],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,30684,158],{"class":50},[44,30686,113],{"class":58},[44,30688,30689],{"class":116},"update",[44,30691,6030],{"class":58},[44,30693,63],{"class":62},[44,30695,88],{"class":66},[44,30697,63],{"class":62},[44,30699,72],{"class":58},[44,30701,30702],{"class":95}," 21",[44,30704,83],{"class":58},[44,30706,75],{"class":62},[44,30708,305],{"class":66},[44,30710,63],{"class":62},[44,30712,72],{"class":58},[44,30714,75],{"class":62},[44,30716,16487],{"class":66},[44,30718,63],{"class":62},[44,30720,30721],{"class":58},"})\n",[44,30723,30724,30726,30728,30730],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,30725,136],{"class":135},[44,30727,120],{"class":58},[44,30729,158],{"class":116},[44,30731,129],{"class":58},[44,30733,30734],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,30735,30736],{"class":147},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30738,227,30739,30741],{},[15,30740,15410],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[30,30743,243,30745,246],{"id":30744},"what-update-does",[15,30746,15410],{},[20,30748,30749,30751],{},[15,30750,15410],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30753,30754],{},"It can do two main things:",[252,30756,30757,30760],{},[255,30758,30759],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[255,30761,30762],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30764,30765],{},"Important things to know:",[252,30767,30768,30771,30774,30778],{},[255,30769,30770],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[255,30772,30773],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[255,30775,5649,30776],{},[15,30777,4282],{},[255,30779,30780],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30782,269],{},[35,30784,30786],{"className":37,"code":30785,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30787,30788,30830,30873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30789,30790,30792,30794,30796,30798,30800,30802,30804,30806,30809,30811,30813,30815,30817,30819,30821,30823,30826,30828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30791,13327],{"class":50},[44,30793,55],{"class":54},[44,30795,59],{"class":58},[44,30797,63],{"class":62},[44,30799,67],{"class":66},[44,30801,63],{"class":62},[44,30803,72],{"class":58},[44,30805,75],{"class":62},[44,30807,30808],{"class":66},"Mira",[44,30810,63],{"class":62},[44,30812,83],{"class":58},[44,30814,75],{"class":62},[44,30816,20338],{"class":66},[44,30818,63],{"class":62},[44,30820,72],{"class":58},[44,30822,75],{"class":62},[44,30824,30825],{"class":66},"B",[44,30827,63],{"class":62},[44,30829,99],{"class":58},[44,30831,30832,30834,30836,30838,30840,30842,30844,30846,30848,30850,30852,30854,30856,30858,30860,30862,30864,30866,30869,30871],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,30833,14085],{"class":50},[44,30835,113],{"class":58},[44,30837,30689],{"class":116},[44,30839,6030],{"class":58},[44,30841,63],{"class":62},[44,30843,20338],{"class":66},[44,30845,63],{"class":62},[44,30847,72],{"class":58},[44,30849,75],{"class":62},[44,30851,22683],{"class":66},[44,30853,63],{"class":62},[44,30855,83],{"class":58},[44,30857,75],{"class":62},[44,30859,305],{"class":66},[44,30861,63],{"class":62},[44,30863,72],{"class":58},[44,30865,75],{"class":62},[44,30867,30868],{"class":66},"Quito",[44,30870,63],{"class":62},[44,30872,30721],{"class":58},[44,30874,30875,30877,30879,30881],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,30876,136],{"class":135},[44,30878,120],{"class":58},[44,30880,14085],{"class":116},[44,30882,129],{"class":58},[20,30884,2576],{},[35,30886,30888],{"className":37,"code":30887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30889,30890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30891,30892,30894,30896,30898,30900,30902,30904,30906,30908,30910,30912,30914,30916,30918,30920,30922,30924,30926,30928,30930,30932,30934,30936,30938,30940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30893,9770],{"class":58},[44,30895,2197],{"class":62},[44,30897,67],{"class":66},[44,30899,2197],{"class":62},[44,30901,72],{"class":58},[44,30903,2232],{"class":62},[44,30905,30808],{"class":66},[44,30907,2197],{"class":62},[44,30909,83],{"class":58},[44,30911,2232],{"class":62},[44,30913,20338],{"class":66},[44,30915,2197],{"class":62},[44,30917,72],{"class":58},[44,30919,2232],{"class":62},[44,30921,22683],{"class":66},[44,30923,2197],{"class":62},[44,30925,83],{"class":58},[44,30927,2232],{"class":62},[44,30929,305],{"class":66},[44,30931,2197],{"class":62},[44,30933,72],{"class":58},[44,30935,2232],{"class":62},[44,30937,30868],{"class":66},[44,30939,2197],{"class":62},[44,30941,99],{"class":58},[20,30943,9645,30944,113],{},[625,30945,25067],{"href":2296},[30,30947,392],{"id":391},[20,30949,30950],{},"The basic form is:",[35,30952,30954],{"className":37,"code":30953,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30955,30956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30957,30958,30960,30962,30964,30966,30969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30959,16060],{"class":50},[44,30961,113],{"class":58},[44,30963,30689],{"class":116},[44,30965,120],{"class":58},[44,30967,30968],{"class":116},"other",[44,30970,129],{"class":58},[20,30972,30973,30975],{},[15,30974,30968],{}," can be:",[252,30977,30978,30981,30984],{},[255,30979,30980],{},"Another dictionary",[255,30982,30983],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[255,30985,30986],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30988,30989],{},"You can also use:",[35,30991,30993],{"className":37,"code":30992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30994,30995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30996,30997,30999,31001,31003,31005,31007,31009,31011,31013,31015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30998,16060],{"class":50},[44,31000,113],{"class":58},[44,31002,30689],{"class":116},[44,31004,120],{"class":58},[44,31006,67],{"class":9668},[44,31008,55],{"class":54},[44,31010,63],{"class":62},[44,31012,8173],{"class":66},[44,31014,63],{"class":62},[44,31016,129],{"class":58},[20,31018,31019],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,31021,269],{},[35,31023,31025],{"className":37,"code":31024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,31026,31027,31047,31069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31028,31029,31031,31033,31035,31037,31039,31041,31043,31045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31030,616],{"class":50},[44,31032,55],{"class":54},[44,31034,59],{"class":58},[44,31036,63],{"class":62},[44,31038,625],{"class":66},[44,31040,63],{"class":62},[44,31042,72],{"class":58},[44,31044,1703],{"class":95},[44,31046,99],{"class":58},[44,31048,31049,31051,31053,31055,31057,31059,31061,31063,31065,31067],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,31050,750],{"class":50},[44,31052,113],{"class":58},[44,31054,30689],{"class":116},[44,31056,6030],{"class":58},[44,31058,63],{"class":62},[44,31060,625],{"class":66},[44,31062,63],{"class":62},[44,31064,72],{"class":58},[44,31066,632],{"class":95},[44,31068,30721],{"class":58},[44,31070,31071,31073,31075,31077],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,31072,136],{"class":135},[44,31074,120],{"class":58},[44,31076,750],{"class":116},[44,31078,129],{"class":58},[20,31080,2576],{},[35,31082,31084],{"className":37,"code":31083,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,31085,31086],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31087,31088,31090,31092,31094,31096,31098,31100],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31089,9770],{"class":58},[44,31091,2197],{"class":62},[44,31093,625],{"class":66},[44,31095,2197],{"class":62},[44,31097,72],{"class":58},[44,31099,632],{"class":95},[44,31101,99],{"class":58},[30,31103,1785,31105,31107],{"id":31104},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31106,15410],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31109,31110,31111,113],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31112,15410],{},[20,31114,31115],{},"It is useful when:",[252,31117,31118,31121,31124],{},[255,31119,31120],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[255,31122,31123],{},"Adding extra settings",[255,31125,31126],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31128,269],{},[35,31130,31132],{"className":37,"code":31131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31133,31134,31171,31208,31212,31227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31135,31136,31138,31140,31142,31144,31146,31148,31150,31152,31154,31156,31158,31160,31162,31164,31166,31169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31137,14285],{"class":50},[44,31139,55],{"class":54},[44,31141,59],{"class":58},[44,31143,63],{"class":62},[44,31145,12967],{"class":66},[44,31147,63],{"class":62},[44,31149,72],{"class":58},[44,31151,75],{"class":62},[44,31153,21371],{"class":66},[44,31155,63],{"class":62},[44,31157,83],{"class":58},[44,31159,75],{"class":62},[44,31161,14310],{"class":66},[44,31163,63],{"class":62},[44,31165,72],{"class":58},[44,31167,31168],{"class":95}," 12",[44,31170,99],{"class":58},[44,31172,31173,31176,31178,31180,31182,31184,31186,31188,31190,31192,31194,31196,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,31174,31175],{"class":50},"new_settings ",[44,31177,55],{"class":54},[44,31179,59],{"class":58},[44,31181,63],{"class":62},[44,31183,14310],{"class":66},[44,31185,63],{"class":62},[44,31187,72],{"class":58},[44,31189,14317],{"class":95},[44,31191,83],{"class":58},[44,31193,75],{"class":62},[44,31195,20569],{"class":66},[44,31197,63],{"class":62},[44,31199,72],{"class":58},[44,31201,75],{"class":62},[44,31203,20603],{"class":66},[44,31205,63],{"class":62},[44,31207,99],{"class":58},[44,31209,31210],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,31211,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,31213,31214,31216,31218,31220,31222,31225],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,31215,14344],{"class":50},[44,31217,113],{"class":58},[44,31219,30689],{"class":116},[44,31221,120],{"class":58},[44,31223,31224],{"class":116},"new_settings",[44,31226,129],{"class":58},[44,31228,31229,31231,31233,31235],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,31230,136],{"class":135},[44,31232,120],{"class":58},[44,31234,14344],{"class":116},[44,31236,129],{"class":58},[20,31238,2576],{},[35,31240,31242],{"className":37,"code":31241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31243,31244],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31245,31246,31248,31250,31252,31254,31256,31258,31260,31262,31264,31266,31268,31270,31272,31274,31276,31278,31280,31282,31284,31286,31288,31290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31247,9770],{"class":58},[44,31249,2197],{"class":62},[44,31251,12967],{"class":66},[44,31253,2197],{"class":62},[44,31255,72],{"class":58},[44,31257,2232],{"class":62},[44,31259,21371],{"class":66},[44,31261,2197],{"class":62},[44,31263,83],{"class":58},[44,31265,2232],{"class":62},[44,31267,14310],{"class":66},[44,31269,2197],{"class":62},[44,31271,72],{"class":58},[44,31273,14317],{"class":95},[44,31275,83],{"class":58},[44,31277,2232],{"class":62},[44,31279,20569],{"class":66},[44,31281,2197],{"class":62},[44,31283,72],{"class":58},[44,31285,2232],{"class":62},[44,31287,20603],{"class":66},[44,31289,2197],{"class":62},[44,31291,99],{"class":58},[20,31293,13869],{},[252,31295,31296,31301],{},[255,31297,31298,31300],{},[15,31299,14310],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[255,31302,31303,31305],{},[15,31304,20569],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31307,31308,31309,113],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[625,31310,31312],{"href":31311},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[30,31314,1785,31316,31318],{"id":31315},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31317,15410],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31320,31321,31323],{},[15,31322,15410],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31325,31326],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[35,31328,31330],{"className":37,"code":31329,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31331,31332,31352,31387,31391,31405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31333,31334,31336,31338,31340,31342,31344,31346,31348,31350],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31335,472],{"class":50},[44,31337,55],{"class":54},[44,31339,59],{"class":58},[44,31341,63],{"class":62},[44,31343,481],{"class":66},[44,31345,63],{"class":62},[44,31347,72],{"class":58},[44,31349,488],{"class":95},[44,31351,99],{"class":58},[44,31353,31354,31356,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366,31368,31370,31372,31374,31376,31379,31381,31383,31385],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,31355,9707],{"class":50},[44,31357,55],{"class":54},[44,31359,9712],{"class":58},[44,31361,63],{"class":62},[44,31363,495],{"class":66},[44,31365,63],{"class":62},[44,31367,83],{"class":58},[44,31369,502],{"class":95},[44,31371,9725],{"class":58},[44,31373,9728],{"class":58},[44,31375,63],{"class":62},[44,31377,31378],{"class":66},"english",[44,31380,63],{"class":62},[44,31382,83],{"class":58},[44,31384,29144],{"class":95},[44,31386,9741],{"class":58},[44,31388,31389],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,31390,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,31392,31393,31395,31397,31399,31401,31403],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,31394,517],{"class":50},[44,31396,113],{"class":58},[44,31398,30689],{"class":116},[44,31400,120],{"class":58},[44,31402,9754],{"class":116},[44,31404,129],{"class":58},[44,31406,31407,31409,31411,31413],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,31408,136],{"class":135},[44,31410,120],{"class":58},[44,31412,517],{"class":116},[44,31414,129],{"class":58},[20,31416,2576],{},[35,31418,31420],{"className":37,"code":31419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31421,31422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31423,31424,31426,31428,31430,31432,31434,31436,31438,31440,31442,31444,31446,31448,31450,31452,31454,31456,31458,31460],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31425,9770],{"class":58},[44,31427,2197],{"class":62},[44,31429,481],{"class":66},[44,31431,2197],{"class":62},[44,31433,72],{"class":58},[44,31435,488],{"class":95},[44,31437,83],{"class":58},[44,31439,2232],{"class":62},[44,31441,495],{"class":66},[44,31443,2197],{"class":62},[44,31445,72],{"class":58},[44,31447,502],{"class":95},[44,31449,83],{"class":58},[44,31451,2232],{"class":62},[44,31453,31378],{"class":66},[44,31455,2197],{"class":62},[44,31457,72],{"class":58},[44,31459,29144],{"class":95},[44,31461,99],{"class":58},[20,31463,31464],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[252,31466,31467,31470],{},[255,31468,31469],{},"The key",[255,31471,31472],{},"The value",[20,31474,31475],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31477,31478],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[35,31480,31482],{"className":37,"code":31481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31483,31484,31504,31529,31533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31485,31486,31488,31490,31492,31494,31496,31498,31500,31502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31487,616],{"class":50},[44,31489,55],{"class":54},[44,31491,59],{"class":58},[44,31493,63],{"class":62},[44,31495,625],{"class":66},[44,31497,63],{"class":62},[44,31499,72],{"class":58},[44,31501,1703],{"class":95},[44,31503,99],{"class":58},[44,31505,31506,31509,31511,31513,31515,31517,31519,31521,31523,31525,31527],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,31507,31508],{"class":50},"bad_pairs ",[44,31510,55],{"class":54},[44,31512,9712],{"class":58},[44,31514,63],{"class":62},[44,31516,639],{"class":66},[44,31518,63],{"class":62},[44,31520,83],{"class":58},[44,31522,1717],{"class":95},[44,31524,83],{"class":58},[44,31526,2955],{"class":95},[44,31528,9741],{"class":58},[44,31530,31531],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,31532,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,31534,31535,31537,31539,31541,31543,31546],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,31536,750],{"class":50},[44,31538,113],{"class":58},[44,31540,30689],{"class":116},[44,31542,120],{"class":58},[44,31544,31545],{"class":116},"bad_pairs",[44,31547,129],{"class":58},[20,31549,31550],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31552,31553],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[30,31555,31557],{"id":31556},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31559,31560],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[35,31562,31564],{"className":37,"code":31563,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31565,31566,31590,31622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31567,31568,31570,31572,31574,31576,31578,31580,31582,31584,31586,31588],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31569,279],{"class":50},[44,31571,55],{"class":54},[44,31573,59],{"class":58},[44,31575,63],{"class":62},[44,31577,67],{"class":66},[44,31579,63],{"class":62},[44,31581,72],{"class":58},[44,31583,75],{"class":62},[44,31585,29137],{"class":66},[44,31587,63],{"class":62},[44,31589,99],{"class":58},[44,31591,31592,31594,31596,31598,31600,31602,31604,31606,31608,31611,31613,31615,31618,31620],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,31593,373],{"class":50},[44,31595,113],{"class":58},[44,31597,30689],{"class":116},[44,31599,120],{"class":58},[44,31601,88],{"class":9668},[44,31603,55],{"class":54},[44,31605,9686],{"class":95},[44,31607,83],{"class":58},[44,31609,31610],{"class":9668}," city",[44,31612,55],{"class":54},[44,31614,63],{"class":62},[44,31616,31617],{"class":66},"Madrid",[44,31619,63],{"class":62},[44,31621,129],{"class":58},[44,31623,31624,31626,31628,31630],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,31625,136],{"class":135},[44,31627,120],{"class":58},[44,31629,373],{"class":116},[44,31631,129],{"class":58},[20,31633,2576],{},[35,31635,31637],{"className":37,"code":31636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31638,31639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31640,31641,31643,31645,31647,31649,31651,31653,31655,31657,31659,31661,31663,31665,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681,31683,31685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31642,9770],{"class":58},[44,31644,2197],{"class":62},[44,31646,67],{"class":66},[44,31648,2197],{"class":62},[44,31650,72],{"class":58},[44,31652,2232],{"class":62},[44,31654,29137],{"class":66},[44,31656,2197],{"class":62},[44,31658,83],{"class":58},[44,31660,2232],{"class":62},[44,31662,88],{"class":66},[44,31664,2197],{"class":62},[44,31666,72],{"class":58},[44,31668,96],{"class":95},[44,31670,83],{"class":58},[44,31672,2232],{"class":62},[44,31674,305],{"class":66},[44,31676,2197],{"class":62},[44,31678,72],{"class":58},[44,31680,2232],{"class":62},[44,31682,31617],{"class":66},[44,31684,2197],{"class":62},[44,31686,99],{"class":58},[20,31688,31689],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31691,31692],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31694,31695],{},"These work:",[252,31697,31698,31702,31706],{},[255,31699,31700],{},[15,31701,88],{},[255,31703,31704],{},[15,31705,305],{},[255,31707,31708],{},[15,31709,31710],{},"first_name",[20,31712,31713],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[252,31715,31716,31721],{},[255,31717,31718],{},[15,31719,31720],{},"\"first name\"",[255,31722,31723],{},[15,31724,31725],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31727,31728],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[35,31730,31732],{"className":37,"code":31731,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31733,31734,31742,31782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31735,31736,31738,31740],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31737,279],{"class":50},[44,31739,55],{"class":54},[44,31741,10325],{"class":58},[44,31743,31744,31746,31748,31750,31752,31754,31756,31758,31760,31762,31764,31766,31768,31770,31773,31775,31777,31780],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,31745,373],{"class":50},[44,31747,113],{"class":58},[44,31749,30689],{"class":116},[44,31751,6030],{"class":58},[44,31753,63],{"class":62},[44,31755,10997],{"class":66},[44,31757,63],{"class":62},[44,31759,72],{"class":58},[44,31761,75],{"class":62},[44,31763,29137],{"class":66},[44,31765,63],{"class":62},[44,31767,83],{"class":58},[44,31769,75],{"class":62},[44,31771,31772],{"class":66},"user-id",[44,31774,63],{"class":62},[44,31776,72],{"class":58},[44,31778,31779],{"class":95}," 1001",[44,31781,30721],{"class":58},[44,31783,31784,31786,31788,31790],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,31785,136],{"class":135},[44,31787,120],{"class":58},[44,31789,373],{"class":116},[44,31791,129],{"class":58},[30,31793,583],{"id":582},[20,31795,31796,2901,31798,113],{},[15,31797,15410],{},[15,31799,4282],{},[20,31801,14508],{},[20,31803,25147],{},[35,31805,31807],{"className":37,"code":31806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31808,31809,31833,31859,31863,31873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31810,31811,31813,31815,31817,31819,31821,31823,31825,31827,31829,31831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31812,51],{"class":50},[44,31814,55],{"class":54},[44,31816,59],{"class":58},[44,31818,63],{"class":62},[44,31820,67],{"class":66},[44,31822,63],{"class":62},[44,31824,72],{"class":58},[44,31826,75],{"class":62},[44,31828,78],{"class":66},[44,31830,63],{"class":62},[44,31832,99],{"class":58},[44,31834,31835,31837,31839,31841,31843,31845,31847,31849,31851,31853,31855,31857],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,31836,1953],{"class":50},[44,31838,55],{"class":54},[44,31840,110],{"class":50},[44,31842,113],{"class":58},[44,31844,30689],{"class":116},[44,31846,6030],{"class":58},[44,31848,63],{"class":62},[44,31850,88],{"class":66},[44,31852,63],{"class":62},[44,31854,72],{"class":58},[44,31856,646],{"class":95},[44,31858,30721],{"class":58},[44,31860,31861],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,31862,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,31864,31865,31867,31869,31871],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,31866,136],{"class":135},[44,31868,120],{"class":58},[44,31870,1984],{"class":116},[44,31872,129],{"class":58},[44,31874,31875,31877,31879,31881],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,31876,136],{"class":135},[44,31878,120],{"class":58},[44,31880,158],{"class":116},[44,31882,129],{"class":58},[20,31884,2576],{},[35,31886,31888],{"className":37,"code":31887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31889,31890,31894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31891,31892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31893,12280],{"class":1266},[44,31895,31896,31898,31900,31902,31904,31906,31908,31910,31912,31914,31916,31918,31920,31922,31924],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,31897,9770],{"class":58},[44,31899,2197],{"class":62},[44,31901,67],{"class":66},[44,31903,2197],{"class":62},[44,31905,72],{"class":58},[44,31907,2232],{"class":62},[44,31909,78],{"class":66},[44,31911,2197],{"class":62},[44,31913,83],{"class":58},[44,31915,2232],{"class":62},[44,31917,88],{"class":66},[44,31919,2197],{"class":62},[44,31921,72],{"class":58},[44,31923,646],{"class":95},[44,31925,99],{"class":58},[20,31927,17110],{},[35,31929,31931],{"className":37,"code":31930,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31932,31933,31957,31979,31983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31934,31935,31937,31939,31941,31943,31945,31947,31949,31951,31953,31955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31936,51],{"class":50},[44,31938,55],{"class":54},[44,31940,59],{"class":58},[44,31942,63],{"class":62},[44,31944,67],{"class":66},[44,31946,63],{"class":62},[44,31948,72],{"class":58},[44,31950,75],{"class":62},[44,31952,78],{"class":66},[44,31954,63],{"class":62},[44,31956,99],{"class":58},[44,31958,31959,31961,31963,31965,31967,31969,31971,31973,31975,31977],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,31960,158],{"class":50},[44,31962,113],{"class":58},[44,31964,30689],{"class":116},[44,31966,6030],{"class":58},[44,31968,63],{"class":62},[44,31970,88],{"class":66},[44,31972,63],{"class":62},[44,31974,72],{"class":58},[44,31976,646],{"class":95},[44,31978,30721],{"class":58},[44,31980,31981],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,31982,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,31984,31985,31987,31989,31991],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,31986,136],{"class":135},[44,31988,120],{"class":58},[44,31990,158],{"class":116},[44,31992,129],{"class":58},[20,31994,2576],{},[35,31996,31998],{"className":37,"code":31997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31999,32000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32001,32002,32004,32006,32008,32010,32012,32014,32016,32018,32020,32022,32024,32026,32028,32030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32003,9770],{"class":58},[44,32005,2197],{"class":62},[44,32007,67],{"class":66},[44,32009,2197],{"class":62},[44,32011,72],{"class":58},[44,32013,2232],{"class":62},[44,32015,78],{"class":66},[44,32017,2197],{"class":62},[44,32019,83],{"class":58},[44,32021,2232],{"class":62},[44,32023,88],{"class":66},[44,32025,2197],{"class":62},[44,32027,72],{"class":58},[44,32029,646],{"class":95},[44,32031,99],{"class":58},[20,32033,32034,32035,113],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[625,32036,18356],{"href":11213},[30,32038,769,32040],{"id":32039},"when-to-use-update",[15,32041,15410],{},[20,32043,227,32044,776],{},[15,32045,15410],{},[252,32047,32048,32051,32054,32057],{},[255,32049,32050],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[255,32052,32053],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[255,32055,32056],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[255,32058,32059],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,32061,32062],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[35,32064,32066],{"className":37,"code":32065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,32067,32068,32104,32119,32123,32162,32166,32176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32069,32070,32072,32074,32076,32078,32080,32082,32084,32086,32088,32090,32092,32094,32096,32098,32100,32102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32071,12558],{"class":50},[44,32073,55],{"class":54},[44,32075,59],{"class":58},[44,32077,63],{"class":62},[44,32079,67],{"class":66},[44,32081,63],{"class":62},[44,32083,72],{"class":58},[44,32085,75],{"class":62},[44,32087,78],{"class":66},[44,32089,63],{"class":62},[44,32091,83],{"class":58},[44,32093,75],{"class":62},[44,32095,88],{"class":66},[44,32097,63],{"class":62},[44,32099,72],{"class":58},[44,32101,646],{"class":95},[44,32103,99],{"class":58},[44,32105,32106,32109,32111,32113,32115,32117],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32107,32108],{"class":50},"updated ",[44,32110,55],{"class":54},[44,32112,12633],{"class":50},[44,32114,113],{"class":58},[44,32116,13374],{"class":116},[44,32118,9138],{"class":58},[44,32120,32121],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,32122,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,32124,32125,32128,32130,32132,32134,32136,32138,32140,32142,32144,32146,32148,32150,32152,32154,32156,32158,32160],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,32126,32127],{"class":50},"updated",[44,32129,113],{"class":58},[44,32131,30689],{"class":116},[44,32133,6030],{"class":58},[44,32135,63],{"class":62},[44,32137,88],{"class":66},[44,32139,63],{"class":62},[44,32141,72],{"class":58},[44,32143,30702],{"class":95},[44,32145,83],{"class":58},[44,32147,75],{"class":62},[44,32149,305],{"class":66},[44,32151,63],{"class":62},[44,32153,72],{"class":58},[44,32155,75],{"class":62},[44,32157,16487],{"class":66},[44,32159,63],{"class":62},[44,32161,30721],{"class":58},[44,32163,32164],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,32165,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,32167,32168,32170,32172,32174],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,32169,136],{"class":135},[44,32171,120],{"class":58},[44,32173,12605],{"class":116},[44,32175,129],{"class":58},[44,32177,32178,32180,32182,32184],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,32179,136],{"class":135},[44,32181,120],{"class":58},[44,32183,32127],{"class":116},[44,32185,129],{"class":58},[20,32187,2576],{},[35,32189,32191],{"className":37,"code":32190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32192,32193,32225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32194,32195,32197,32199,32201,32203,32205,32207,32209,32211,32213,32215,32217,32219,32221,32223],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32196,9770],{"class":58},[44,32198,2197],{"class":62},[44,32200,67],{"class":66},[44,32202,2197],{"class":62},[44,32204,72],{"class":58},[44,32206,2232],{"class":62},[44,32208,78],{"class":66},[44,32210,2197],{"class":62},[44,32212,83],{"class":58},[44,32214,2232],{"class":62},[44,32216,88],{"class":66},[44,32218,2197],{"class":62},[44,32220,72],{"class":58},[44,32222,646],{"class":95},[44,32224,99],{"class":58},[44,32226,32227,32229,32231,32233,32235,32237,32239,32241,32243,32245,32247,32249,32251,32253,32255,32257,32259,32261,32263,32265,32267,32269,32271],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32228,9770],{"class":58},[44,32230,2197],{"class":62},[44,32232,67],{"class":66},[44,32234,2197],{"class":62},[44,32236,72],{"class":58},[44,32238,2232],{"class":62},[44,32240,78],{"class":66},[44,32242,2197],{"class":62},[44,32244,83],{"class":58},[44,32246,2232],{"class":62},[44,32248,88],{"class":66},[44,32250,2197],{"class":62},[44,32252,72],{"class":58},[44,32254,30702],{"class":95},[44,32256,83],{"class":58},[44,32258,2232],{"class":62},[44,32260,305],{"class":66},[44,32262,2197],{"class":62},[44,32264,72],{"class":58},[44,32266,2232],{"class":62},[44,32268,16487],{"class":66},[44,32270,2197],{"class":62},[44,32272,99],{"class":58},[20,32274,32275,32276,113],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[625,32277,17052],{"href":2401},[30,32279,3335],{"id":3334},[20,32281,11228,32282,72],{},[15,32283,15410],{},[252,32285,32286,32293,32297,32300,32303],{},[255,32287,13063,32288,32290,32291],{},[15,32289,15410],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32292,4282],{},[255,32294,1904,32295,13071],{},[15,32296,15410],{},[255,32298,32299],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[255,32301,32302],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[255,32304,32305],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32307,32308],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[35,32310,32312],{"className":37,"code":32311,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32313,32314,32324,32338,32352,32374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32315,32316,32318,32320,32322],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32317,136],{"class":135},[44,32319,120],{"class":58},[44,32321,405],{"class":116},[44,32323,129],{"class":58},[44,32325,32326,32328,32330,32332,32334,32336],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32327,136],{"class":135},[44,32329,120],{"class":58},[44,32331,2249],{"class":2248},[44,32333,120],{"class":58},[44,32335,750],{"class":116},[44,32337,2239],{"class":58},[44,32339,32340,32342,32344,32346,32348,32350],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,32341,136],{"class":135},[44,32343,120],{"class":58},[44,32345,8588],{"class":2248},[44,32347,120],{"class":58},[44,32349,750],{"class":116},[44,32351,2239],{"class":58},[44,32353,32354,32356,32358,32360,32362,32364,32366,32368,32370,32372],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,32355,136],{"class":135},[44,32357,120],{"class":58},[44,32359,405],{"class":116},[44,32361,113],{"class":58},[44,32363,1469],{"class":116},[44,32365,120],{"class":58},[44,32367,2197],{"class":62},[44,32369,414],{"class":66},[44,32371,2197],{"class":62},[44,32373,2239],{"class":58},[44,32375,32376,32379,32381,32383,32385,32387],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,32377,32378],{"class":135},"help",[44,32380,120],{"class":58},[44,32382,9317],{"class":2248},[44,32384,113],{"class":58},[44,32386,30689],{"class":25189},[44,32388,129],{"class":58},[20,32390,32391],{},"These can help you check:",[252,32393,32394,32397,32402,32405,32408],{},[255,32395,32396],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[255,32398,32399,32400],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32401,15410],{},[255,32403,32404],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[255,32406,32407],{},"Whether a key exists",[255,32409,32410],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32412,32413,32414,113],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[625,32415,1522],{"href":1521},[30,32417,2301],{"id":2300},[981,32419,2329,32421,32423],{"id":32420},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32422,15410],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32425,32426,32427,113],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32428,4282],{},[981,32430,2329,32432,32434],{"id":32431},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32433,15410],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32436,32437],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[981,32439,5671,32441,32443],{"id":32440},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32442,15410],{}," add new keys?",[20,32445,32446],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[981,32448,2339,32450,32452],{"id":32449},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32451,15410],{}," with a list?",[20,32454,32455,32456,113],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32457,11574],{},[981,32459,2358,32461,32463],{"id":32460},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32462,15410],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32465,32466,32467,32469],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32468,15410],{}," can change many keys at once.",[30,32471,2375],{"id":2374},[252,32473,32474,32478,32482,32487,32491],{},[255,32475,32476],{},[625,32477,26531],{"href":2296},[255,32479,32480],{},[625,32481,11731],{"href":11213},[255,32483,32484],{},[625,32485,32486],{"href":31311},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[255,32488,32489],{},[625,32490,2402],{"href":2401},[255,32492,32493],{},[625,32494,1522],{"href":1521},[2414,32496,32497],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":32499},[32500,32501,32503,32504,32506,32508,32509,32510,32512,32513,32525],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":30744,"depth":102,"text":32502},"What update() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":31104,"depth":102,"text":32505},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31315,"depth":102,"text":32507},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31556,"depth":102,"text":31557},{"id":582,"depth":102,"text":583},{"id":32039,"depth":102,"text":32511},"When to use update()",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":32514},[32515,32517,32519,32521,32523],{"id":32420,"depth":132,"text":32516},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32431,"depth":132,"text":32518},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32440,"depth":132,"text":32520},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32449,"depth":132,"text":32522},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32460,"depth":132,"text":32524},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30622,"description":32526},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32532,"title":32533,"body":32534,"description":34523,"extension":2465,"meta":34524,"navigation":169,"path":23333,"seo":34525,"stem":34526,"__hash__":34527},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32535,"toc":34486},[32536,32541,32548,32551,32553,32652,32654,32709,32714,32719,32733,32738,32740,32755,32757,32771,32784,32789,32795,32802,32804,32911,32913,32962,32968,33043,33045,33066,33068,33071,33176,33178,33233,33235,33263,33267,33272,33351,33353,33373,33375,33386,33396,33400,33405,33509,33511,33536,33539,33550,33555,33564,33567,33584,33586,33673,33675,33738,33740,33763,33765,33770,33776,33781,33783,33822,33828,33831,33850,33861,33867,33870,33943,33945,33964,33969,33972,33995,34001,34004,34068,34071,34148,34155,34158,34217,34223,34225,34244,34248,34251,34302,34305,34325,34327,34388,34390,34395,34400,34405,34410,34415,34420,34426,34429,34438,34446,34448,34483],[10,32537,13,32539,18],{"id":32538},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32540,17525],{},[20,32542,32543,32544,32547],{},"The Python ",[15,32545,32546],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32549,32550],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[30,32552,2507],{"id":2506},[35,32554,32556],{"className":37,"code":32555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32557,32558,32610,32624,32628,32638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32559,32560,32562,32564,32566,32568,32570,32572,32574,32576,32578,32580,32582,32584,32586,32588,32590,32592,32594,32596,32598,32600,32602,32604,32606,32608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32561,13327],{"class":50},[44,32563,55],{"class":54},[44,32565,59],{"class":58},[44,32567,63],{"class":62},[44,32569,67],{"class":66},[44,32571,63],{"class":62},[44,32573,72],{"class":58},[44,32575,75],{"class":62},[44,32577,78],{"class":66},[44,32579,63],{"class":62},[44,32581,83],{"class":58},[44,32583,75],{"class":62},[44,32585,88],{"class":66},[44,32587,63],{"class":62},[44,32589,72],{"class":58},[44,32591,646],{"class":95},[44,32593,83],{"class":58},[44,32595,75],{"class":62},[44,32597,305],{"class":66},[44,32599,63],{"class":62},[44,32601,72],{"class":58},[44,32603,75],{"class":62},[44,32605,16487],{"class":66},[44,32607,63],{"class":62},[44,32609,99],{"class":58},[44,32611,32612,32614,32616,32618,32620,32622],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32613,4327],{"class":50},[44,32615,55],{"class":54},[44,32617,13369],{"class":50},[44,32619,113],{"class":58},[44,32621,5860],{"class":116},[44,32623,9138],{"class":58},[44,32625,32626],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,32627,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,32629,32630,32632,32634,32636],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,32631,136],{"class":135},[44,32633,120],{"class":58},[44,32635,5860],{"class":116},[44,32637,129],{"class":58},[44,32639,32640,32642,32644,32646,32648,32650],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,32641,136],{"class":135},[44,32643,120],{"class":58},[44,32645,8588],{"class":2248},[44,32647,120],{"class":58},[44,32649,5860],{"class":116},[44,32651,2239],{"class":58},[20,32653,2576],{},[35,32655,32657],{"className":37,"code":32656,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32658,32659,32685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32660,32661,32663,32665,32667,32669,32671,32673,32675,32677,32679,32681,32683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32662,17491],{"class":116},[44,32664,3492],{"class":58},[44,32666,2197],{"class":62},[44,32668,78],{"class":66},[44,32670,2197],{"class":62},[44,32672,83],{"class":58},[44,32674,646],{"class":95},[44,32676,83],{"class":58},[44,32678,2232],{"class":62},[44,32680,16487],{"class":66},[44,32682,2197],{"class":62},[44,32684,4391],{"class":58},[44,32686,32687,32689,32691,32693,32695,32697,32699,32701,32703,32705,32707],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32688,896],{"class":58},[44,32690,2197],{"class":62},[44,32692,78],{"class":66},[44,32694,2197],{"class":62},[44,32696,83],{"class":58},[44,32698,646],{"class":95},[44,32700,83],{"class":58},[44,32702,2232],{"class":62},[44,32704,16487],{"class":66},[44,32706,2197],{"class":62},[44,32708,1153],{"class":58},[20,32710,32711,32713],{},[15,32712,17525],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[30,32715,243,32717,246],{"id":32716},"what-values-does",[15,32718,17525],{},[252,32720,32721,32724,32727,32730],{},[255,32722,32723],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[255,32725,32726],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[255,32728,32729],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[255,32731,32732],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32734,32735,32736,113],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[625,32737,2297],{"href":2296},[30,32739,392],{"id":391},[35,32741,32743],{"className":37,"code":32742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32744,32745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32746,32747,32749,32751,32753],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32748,405],{"class":50},[44,32750,113],{"class":58},[44,32752,5860],{"class":116},[44,32754,9138],{"class":58},[20,32756,13515],{},[252,32758,32759,32763,32766],{},[255,32760,32761,11942],{},[15,32762,17525],{},[255,32764,32765],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[255,32767,32768,32769],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32770,17525],{},[20,32772,32773,32774,976,32779,113],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[625,32775,32776,32778],{"href":17516},[15,32777,17519],{}," for dictionary keys",[625,32780,32781,32783],{"href":17529},[15,32782,17532],{}," for key-value pairs",[30,32785,243,32787,12180],{"id":32786},"what-values-returns",[15,32788,17525],{},[20,32790,32791,22413,32793,25203],{},[15,32792,17525],{},[15,32794,17491],{},[20,32796,32797,32798,32801],{},"This object is a ",[590,32799,32800],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32803,269],{},[35,32805,32807],{"className":37,"code":32806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32808,32809,32845,32849,32864,32875,32879,32901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32810,32811,32813,32815,32817,32819,32821,32823,32825,32827,32829,32831,32833,32835,32837,32839,32841,32843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32812,51],{"class":50},[44,32814,55],{"class":54},[44,32816,59],{"class":58},[44,32818,63],{"class":62},[44,32820,67],{"class":66},[44,32822,63],{"class":62},[44,32824,72],{"class":58},[44,32826,75],{"class":62},[44,32828,1814],{"class":66},[44,32830,63],{"class":62},[44,32832,83],{"class":58},[44,32834,75],{"class":62},[44,32836,88],{"class":66},[44,32838,63],{"class":62},[44,32840,72],{"class":58},[44,32842,96],{"class":95},[44,32844,99],{"class":58},[44,32846,32847],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32848,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,32850,32851,32854,32856,32858,32860,32862],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,32852,32853],{"class":50},"values_view ",[44,32855,55],{"class":54},[44,32857,110],{"class":50},[44,32859,113],{"class":58},[44,32861,5860],{"class":116},[44,32863,9138],{"class":58},[44,32865,32866,32868,32870,32873],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,32867,136],{"class":135},[44,32869,120],{"class":58},[44,32871,32872],{"class":116},"values_view",[44,32874,129],{"class":58},[44,32876,32877],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,32878,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,32880,32881,32883,32885,32887,32889,32891,32893,32895,32897,32899],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,32882,158],{"class":50},[44,32884,896],{"class":58},[44,32886,63],{"class":62},[44,32888,305],{"class":66},[44,32890,63],{"class":62},[44,32892,905],{"class":58},[44,32894,13736],{"class":54},[44,32896,75],{"class":62},[44,32898,30868],{"class":66},[44,32900,3865],{"class":62},[44,32902,32903,32905,32907,32909],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,32904,136],{"class":135},[44,32906,120],{"class":58},[44,32908,32872],{"class":116},[44,32910,129],{"class":58},[20,32912,2576],{},[35,32914,32916],{"className":37,"code":32915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32917,32918,32936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32919,32920,32922,32924,32926,32928,32930,32932,32934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32921,17491],{"class":116},[44,32923,3492],{"class":58},[44,32925,2197],{"class":62},[44,32927,1814],{"class":66},[44,32929,2197],{"class":62},[44,32931,83],{"class":58},[44,32933,96],{"class":95},[44,32935,4391],{"class":58},[44,32937,32938,32940,32942,32944,32946,32948,32950,32952,32954,32956,32958,32960],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32939,17491],{"class":116},[44,32941,3492],{"class":58},[44,32943,2197],{"class":62},[44,32945,1814],{"class":66},[44,32947,2197],{"class":62},[44,32949,83],{"class":58},[44,32951,96],{"class":95},[44,32953,83],{"class":58},[44,32955,2232],{"class":62},[44,32957,30868],{"class":66},[44,32959,2197],{"class":62},[44,32961,4391],{"class":58},[20,32963,32964,32965,113],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32966,32967],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[35,32969,32971],{"className":37,"code":32970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32972,32973,33009,33028,33032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32974,32975,32977,32979,32981,32983,32985,32987,32989,32991,32993,32995,32997,32999,33001,33003,33005,33007],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32976,51],{"class":50},[44,32978,55],{"class":54},[44,32980,59],{"class":58},[44,32982,63],{"class":62},[44,32984,67],{"class":66},[44,32986,63],{"class":62},[44,32988,72],{"class":58},[44,32990,75],{"class":62},[44,32992,1814],{"class":66},[44,32994,63],{"class":62},[44,32996,83],{"class":58},[44,32998,75],{"class":62},[44,33000,88],{"class":66},[44,33002,63],{"class":62},[44,33004,72],{"class":58},[44,33006,96],{"class":95},[44,33008,99],{"class":58},[44,33010,33011,33014,33016,33018,33020,33022,33024,33026],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33012,33013],{"class":50},"values_list ",[44,33015,55],{"class":54},[44,33017,22998],{"class":2248},[44,33019,120],{"class":58},[44,33021,158],{"class":116},[44,33023,113],{"class":58},[44,33025,5860],{"class":116},[44,33027,2188],{"class":58},[44,33029,33030],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,33031,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,33033,33034,33036,33038,33041],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,33035,136],{"class":135},[44,33037,120],{"class":58},[44,33039,33040],{"class":116},"values_list",[44,33042,129],{"class":58},[20,33044,2576],{},[35,33046,33048],{"className":37,"code":33047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,33049,33050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33051,33052,33054,33056,33058,33060,33062,33064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33053,896],{"class":58},[44,33055,2197],{"class":62},[44,33057,1814],{"class":66},[44,33059,2197],{"class":62},[44,33061,83],{"class":58},[44,33063,96],{"class":95},[44,33065,1153],{"class":58},[30,33067,11952],{"id":11951},[20,33069,33070],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[35,33072,33074],{"className":37,"code":33073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,33075,33076,33130,33134,33148,33152,33162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33077,33078,33080,33082,33084,33086,33088,33090,33092,33094,33096,33098,33100,33102,33104,33106,33108,33111,33113,33115,33118,33120,33122,33124,33126,33128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33079,25235],{"class":50},[44,33081,55],{"class":54},[44,33083,59],{"class":58},[44,33085,63],{"class":62},[44,33087,25244],{"class":66},[44,33089,63],{"class":62},[44,33091,72],{"class":58},[44,33093,75],{"class":62},[44,33095,25253],{"class":66},[44,33097,63],{"class":62},[44,33099,83],{"class":58},[44,33101,75],{"class":62},[44,33103,25262],{"class":66},[44,33105,63],{"class":62},[44,33107,72],{"class":58},[44,33109,33110],{"class":95}," 2022",[44,33112,83],{"class":58},[44,33114,75],{"class":62},[44,33116,33117],{"class":66},"color",[44,33119,63],{"class":62},[44,33121,72],{"class":58},[44,33123,75],{"class":62},[44,33125,13573],{"class":66},[44,33127,63],{"class":62},[44,33129,99],{"class":58},[44,33131,33132],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33133,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,33135,33136,33138,33140,33142,33144,33146],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,33137,1953],{"class":50},[44,33139,55],{"class":54},[44,33141,25284],{"class":50},[44,33143,113],{"class":58},[44,33145,5860],{"class":116},[44,33147,9138],{"class":58},[44,33149,33150],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,33151,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,33153,33154,33156,33158,33160],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,33155,136],{"class":135},[44,33157,120],{"class":58},[44,33159,1984],{"class":116},[44,33161,129],{"class":58},[44,33163,33164,33166,33168,33170,33172,33174],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,33165,136],{"class":135},[44,33167,120],{"class":58},[44,33169,8588],{"class":2248},[44,33171,120],{"class":58},[44,33173,1984],{"class":116},[44,33175,2239],{"class":58},[20,33177,2576],{},[35,33179,33181],{"className":37,"code":33180,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33182,33183,33209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33184,33185,33187,33189,33191,33193,33195,33197,33199,33201,33203,33205,33207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33186,17491],{"class":116},[44,33188,3492],{"class":58},[44,33190,2197],{"class":62},[44,33192,25253],{"class":66},[44,33194,2197],{"class":62},[44,33196,83],{"class":58},[44,33198,33110],{"class":95},[44,33200,83],{"class":58},[44,33202,2232],{"class":62},[44,33204,13573],{"class":66},[44,33206,2197],{"class":62},[44,33208,4391],{"class":58},[44,33210,33211,33213,33215,33217,33219,33221,33223,33225,33227,33229,33231],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33212,896],{"class":58},[44,33214,2197],{"class":62},[44,33216,25253],{"class":66},[44,33218,2197],{"class":62},[44,33220,83],{"class":58},[44,33222,33110],{"class":95},[44,33224,83],{"class":58},[44,33226,2232],{"class":62},[44,33228,13573],{"class":66},[44,33230,2197],{"class":62},[44,33232,1153],{"class":58},[20,33234,12158],{},[252,33236,33237,33243,33249,33257],{},[255,33238,33239,33242],{},[15,33240,33241],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[255,33244,33245,33248],{},[15,33246,33247],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[255,33250,33251,33254,33255,25056],{},[15,33252,33253],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33256,17491],{},[255,33258,33259,33262],{},[15,33260,33261],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[30,33264,33266],{"id":33265},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33268,33269,33270,26500],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33271,6459],{},[35,33273,33275],{"className":37,"code":33274,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33276,33277,33321,33325,33341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33278,33279,33281,33283,33285,33287,33289,33291,33293,33295,33297,33299,33301,33303,33305,33307,33309,33311,33313,33315,33317,33319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33280,472],{"class":50},[44,33282,55],{"class":54},[44,33284,59],{"class":58},[44,33286,63],{"class":62},[44,33288,481],{"class":66},[44,33290,63],{"class":62},[44,33292,72],{"class":58},[44,33294,488],{"class":95},[44,33296,83],{"class":58},[44,33298,75],{"class":62},[44,33300,31378],{"class":66},[44,33302,63],{"class":62},[44,33304,72],{"class":58},[44,33306,502],{"class":95},[44,33308,83],{"class":58},[44,33310,75],{"class":62},[44,33312,495],{"class":66},[44,33314,63],{"class":62},[44,33316,72],{"class":58},[44,33318,29144],{"class":95},[44,33320,99],{"class":58},[44,33322,33323],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33324,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,33326,33327,33329,33331,33333,33335,33337,33339],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,33328,6459],{"class":1140},[44,33330,22023],{"class":50},[44,33332,4385],{"class":1140},[44,33334,5611],{"class":50},[44,33336,113],{"class":58},[44,33338,5860],{"class":116},[44,33340,22034],{"class":58},[44,33342,33343,33345,33347,33349],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,33344,1387],{"class":135},[44,33346,120],{"class":58},[44,33348,1282],{"class":116},[44,33350,129],{"class":58},[20,33352,2576],{},[35,33354,33356],{"className":37,"code":33355,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33357,33358,33363,33368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33359,33360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33361,33362],{"class":95},"90\n",[44,33364,33365],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33366,33367],{"class":95},"85\n",[44,33369,33370],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,33371,33372],{"class":95},"88\n",[20,33374,18162],{},[252,33376,33377,33380,33383],{},[255,33378,33379],{},"You only need the values",[255,33381,33382],{},"You do not care about the keys",[255,33384,33385],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33387,33388,33389,3384,33393,113],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[625,33390,11218,33391,11221],{"href":17529},[15,33392,17532],{},[625,33394,22913],{"href":33395},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[30,33397,33399],{"id":33398},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33401,227,33402,33404],{},[15,33403,32967],{}," when you need a list.",[35,33406,33408],{"className":37,"code":33407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33409,33410,33456,33460,33480,33484,33495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33411,33412,33415,33417,33419,33421,33423,33425,33427,33429,33431,33433,33435,33437,33439,33441,33443,33445,33448,33450,33452,33454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33413,33414],{"class":50},"fruit_prices ",[44,33416,55],{"class":54},[44,33418,59],{"class":58},[44,33420,63],{"class":62},[44,33422,4582],{"class":66},[44,33424,63],{"class":62},[44,33426,72],{"class":58},[44,33428,1717],{"class":95},[44,33430,83],{"class":58},[44,33432,75],{"class":62},[44,33434,4591],{"class":66},[44,33436,63],{"class":62},[44,33438,72],{"class":58},[44,33440,1703],{"class":95},[44,33442,83],{"class":58},[44,33444,75],{"class":62},[44,33446,33447],{"class":66},"orange",[44,33449,63],{"class":62},[44,33451,72],{"class":58},[44,33453,2955],{"class":95},[44,33455,99],{"class":58},[44,33457,33458],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33459,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,33461,33462,33465,33467,33469,33471,33474,33476,33478],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,33463,33464],{"class":50},"price_list ",[44,33466,55],{"class":54},[44,33468,22998],{"class":2248},[44,33470,120],{"class":58},[44,33472,33473],{"class":116},"fruit_prices",[44,33475,113],{"class":58},[44,33477,5860],{"class":116},[44,33479,2188],{"class":58},[44,33481,33482],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,33483,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,33485,33486,33488,33490,33493],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,33487,136],{"class":135},[44,33489,120],{"class":58},[44,33491,33492],{"class":116},"price_list",[44,33494,129],{"class":58},[44,33496,33497,33499,33501,33503,33505,33507],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,33498,136],{"class":135},[44,33500,120],{"class":58},[44,33502,33492],{"class":116},[44,33504,896],{"class":58},[44,33506,2626],{"class":95},[44,33508,4391],{"class":58},[20,33510,2576],{},[35,33512,33514],{"className":37,"code":33513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33515,33516,33532],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33517,33518,33520,33522,33524,33526,33528,33530],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33519,896],{"class":58},[44,33521,2561],{"class":95},[44,33523,83],{"class":58},[44,33525,1703],{"class":95},[44,33527,83],{"class":58},[44,33529,2955],{"class":95},[44,33531,1153],{"class":58},[44,33533,33534],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33535,17510],{"class":95},[20,33537,33538],{},"This is helpful for:",[252,33540,33541,33544,33547],{},[255,33542,33543],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[255,33545,33546],{},"Accessing values by index",[255,33548,33549],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33551,4427,33552,33554],{},[15,33553,17491],{}," is not the same as a list.",[30,33556,33558,967,33560,967,33562],{"id":33557},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33559,17525],{},[15,33561,17519],{},[15,33563,17532],{},[20,33565,33566],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[252,33568,33569,33574,33579],{},[255,33570,33571,33573],{},[15,33572,17525],{}," returns only the values",[255,33575,33576,33578],{},[15,33577,17519],{}," returns only the keys",[255,33580,33581,33583],{},[15,33582,17532],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33585,2632],{},[35,33587,33589],{"className":37,"code":33588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33590,33591,33627,33631,33645,33659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33592,33593,33595,33597,33599,33601,33603,33605,33607,33609,33611,33613,33615,33617,33619,33621,33623,33625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33594,13327],{"class":50},[44,33596,55],{"class":54},[44,33598,59],{"class":58},[44,33600,63],{"class":62},[44,33602,67],{"class":66},[44,33604,63],{"class":62},[44,33606,72],{"class":58},[44,33608,75],{"class":62},[44,33610,78],{"class":66},[44,33612,63],{"class":62},[44,33614,83],{"class":58},[44,33616,75],{"class":62},[44,33618,88],{"class":66},[44,33620,63],{"class":62},[44,33622,72],{"class":58},[44,33624,646],{"class":95},[44,33626,99],{"class":58},[44,33628,33629],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33630,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,33632,33633,33635,33637,33639,33641,33643],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,33634,136],{"class":135},[44,33636,120],{"class":58},[44,33638,14085],{"class":116},[44,33640,113],{"class":58},[44,33642,2185],{"class":116},[44,33644,2188],{"class":58},[44,33646,33647,33649,33651,33653,33655,33657],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,33648,136],{"class":135},[44,33650,120],{"class":58},[44,33652,14085],{"class":116},[44,33654,113],{"class":58},[44,33656,5860],{"class":116},[44,33658,2188],{"class":58},[44,33660,33661,33663,33665,33667,33669,33671],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,33662,136],{"class":135},[44,33664,120],{"class":58},[44,33666,14085],{"class":116},[44,33668,113],{"class":58},[44,33670,8305],{"class":116},[44,33672,2188],{"class":58},[20,33674,2576],{},[35,33676,33678],{"className":37,"code":33677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33679,33680,33702,33720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33681,33682,33684,33686,33688,33690,33692,33694,33696,33698,33700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33683,17468],{"class":116},[44,33685,3492],{"class":58},[44,33687,2197],{"class":62},[44,33689,67],{"class":66},[44,33691,2197],{"class":62},[44,33693,83],{"class":58},[44,33695,2232],{"class":62},[44,33697,88],{"class":66},[44,33699,2197],{"class":62},[44,33701,4391],{"class":58},[44,33703,33704,33706,33708,33710,33712,33714,33716,33718],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33705,17491],{"class":116},[44,33707,3492],{"class":58},[44,33709,2197],{"class":62},[44,33711,78],{"class":66},[44,33713,2197],{"class":62},[44,33715,83],{"class":58},[44,33717,646],{"class":95},[44,33719,4391],{"class":58},[44,33721,33722,33724,33726,33728,33730,33732,33734,33736],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,33723,22346],{"class":116},[44,33725,10145],{"class":58},[44,33727,2197],{"class":62},[44,33729,67],{"class":66},[44,33731,2197],{"class":62},[44,33733,83],{"class":58},[44,33735,646],{"class":95},[44,33737,11161],{"class":58},[20,33739,19144],{},[252,33741,33742,33749,33756],{},[255,33743,33744,33748],{},[625,33745,33746],{"href":17516},[15,33747,17519],{}," when you need just the keys",[255,33750,33751,33755],{},[625,33752,33753],{"href":17522},[15,33754,17525],{}," when you need just the values",[255,33757,33758,33762],{},[625,33759,33760],{"href":17529},[15,33761,17532],{}," when you need both",[30,33764,1526],{"id":1525},[20,33766,33767,33768,113],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33769,17525],{},[981,33771,29874,33773,33775],{"id":33772},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33774,17525],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33777,33778,33780],{},[15,33779,17525],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33782,17098],{},[35,33784,33786],{"className":37,"code":33785,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33787,33788,33808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33789,33790,33792,33794,33796,33798,33800,33802,33804,33806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33791,8803],{"class":50},[44,33793,55],{"class":54},[44,33795,1556],{"class":58},[44,33797,1588],{"class":95},[44,33799,83],{"class":58},[44,33801,1717],{"class":95},[44,33803,83],{"class":58},[44,33805,2955],{"class":95},[44,33807,1153],{"class":58},[44,33809,33810,33812,33814,33816,33818,33820],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33811,136],{"class":135},[44,33813,120],{"class":58},[44,33815,8834],{"class":116},[44,33817,113],{"class":58},[44,33819,5860],{"class":116},[44,33821,2188],{"class":58},[20,33823,33824,33825,33827],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33826,17525],{}," method.",[20,33829,33830],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[35,33832,33834],{"className":37,"code":33833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33835,33836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33837,33838,33840,33842,33844,33846,33848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33839,136],{"class":135},[44,33841,120],{"class":58},[44,33843,2249],{"class":2248},[44,33845,120],{"class":58},[44,33847,8834],{"class":116},[44,33849,2239],{"class":58},[20,33851,33852,33853,33855,33856,113],{},"If you get an ",[15,33854,26108],{},", see ",[625,33857,26116,33858,33860],{"href":26115},[15,33859,26119],{}," errors",[981,33862,5082,33864,33866],{"id":33863},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33865,17525],{}," returns a list",[20,33868,33869],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[35,33871,33873],{"className":37,"code":33872,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33874,33875,33911,33925,33929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33876,33877,33879,33881,33883,33885,33887,33889,33891,33893,33895,33897,33899,33901,33903,33905,33907,33909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33878,13327],{"class":50},[44,33880,55],{"class":54},[44,33882,59],{"class":58},[44,33884,63],{"class":62},[44,33886,67],{"class":66},[44,33888,63],{"class":62},[44,33890,72],{"class":58},[44,33892,75],{"class":62},[44,33894,78],{"class":66},[44,33896,63],{"class":62},[44,33898,83],{"class":58},[44,33900,75],{"class":62},[44,33902,88],{"class":66},[44,33904,63],{"class":62},[44,33906,72],{"class":58},[44,33908,646],{"class":95},[44,33910,99],{"class":58},[44,33912,33913,33915,33917,33919,33921,33923],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33914,4327],{"class":50},[44,33916,55],{"class":54},[44,33918,13369],{"class":50},[44,33920,113],{"class":58},[44,33922,5860],{"class":116},[44,33924,9138],{"class":58},[44,33926,33927],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,33928,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,33930,33931,33933,33935,33937,33939,33941],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,33932,136],{"class":135},[44,33934,120],{"class":58},[44,33936,2249],{"class":2248},[44,33938,120],{"class":58},[44,33940,5860],{"class":116},[44,33942,2239],{"class":58},[20,33944,2576],{},[35,33946,33948],{"className":37,"code":33947,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33949,33950],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33951,33952,33954,33956,33958,33960,33962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33953,3797],{"class":54},[44,33955,3800],{"class":2570},[44,33957,2232],{"class":62},[44,33959,17491],{"class":66},[44,33961,2197],{"class":62},[44,33963,3809],{"class":54},[20,33965,5649,33966,33968],{},[15,33967,17491],{},", not a list.",[20,33970,33971],{},"If you need a list:",[35,33973,33975],{"className":37,"code":33974,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33976,33977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33978,33979,33981,33983,33985,33987,33989,33991,33993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33980,4327],{"class":50},[44,33982,55],{"class":54},[44,33984,22998],{"class":2248},[44,33986,120],{"class":58},[44,33988,14085],{"class":116},[44,33990,113],{"class":58},[44,33992,5860],{"class":116},[44,33994,2188],{"class":58},[981,33996,33998,33999],{"id":33997},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,34000,17491],{},[20,34002,34003],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[35,34005,34007],{"className":37,"code":34006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,34008,34009,34045,34059,34063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34010,34011,34013,34015,34017,34019,34021,34023,34025,34027,34029,34031,34033,34035,34037,34039,34041,34043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34012,13327],{"class":50},[44,34014,55],{"class":54},[44,34016,59],{"class":58},[44,34018,63],{"class":62},[44,34020,67],{"class":66},[44,34022,63],{"class":62},[44,34024,72],{"class":58},[44,34026,75],{"class":62},[44,34028,78],{"class":66},[44,34030,63],{"class":62},[44,34032,83],{"class":58},[44,34034,75],{"class":62},[44,34036,88],{"class":66},[44,34038,63],{"class":62},[44,34040,72],{"class":58},[44,34042,646],{"class":95},[44,34044,99],{"class":58},[44,34046,34047,34049,34051,34053,34055,34057],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34048,4327],{"class":50},[44,34050,55],{"class":54},[44,34052,13369],{"class":50},[44,34054,113],{"class":58},[44,34056,5860],{"class":116},[44,34058,9138],{"class":58},[44,34060,34061],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,34062,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,34064,34065],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,34066,34067],{"class":147},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,34069,34070],{},"Convert to a list first:",[35,34072,34074],{"className":37,"code":34073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,34075,34076,34112,34130,34134],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34077,34078,34080,34082,34084,34086,34088,34090,34092,34094,34096,34098,34100,34102,34104,34106,34108,34110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34079,13327],{"class":50},[44,34081,55],{"class":54},[44,34083,59],{"class":58},[44,34085,63],{"class":62},[44,34087,67],{"class":66},[44,34089,63],{"class":62},[44,34091,72],{"class":58},[44,34093,75],{"class":62},[44,34095,78],{"class":66},[44,34097,63],{"class":62},[44,34099,83],{"class":58},[44,34101,75],{"class":62},[44,34103,88],{"class":66},[44,34105,63],{"class":62},[44,34107,72],{"class":58},[44,34109,646],{"class":95},[44,34111,99],{"class":58},[44,34113,34114,34116,34118,34120,34122,34124,34126,34128],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34115,4327],{"class":50},[44,34117,55],{"class":54},[44,34119,22998],{"class":2248},[44,34121,120],{"class":58},[44,34123,14085],{"class":116},[44,34125,113],{"class":58},[44,34127,5860],{"class":116},[44,34129,2188],{"class":58},[44,34131,34132],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,34133,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,34135,34136,34138,34140,34142,34144,34146],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,34137,136],{"class":135},[44,34139,120],{"class":58},[44,34141,5860],{"class":116},[44,34143,896],{"class":58},[44,34145,2626],{"class":95},[44,34147,4391],{"class":58},[981,34149,1785,34151,2037,34153],{"id":34150},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34152,5860],{},[15,34154,17525],{},[20,34156,34157],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[35,34159,34161],{"className":37,"code":34160,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34162,34163,34199,34203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34164,34165,34167,34169,34171,34173,34175,34177,34179,34181,34183,34185,34187,34189,34191,34193,34195,34197],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34166,13327],{"class":50},[44,34168,55],{"class":54},[44,34170,59],{"class":58},[44,34172,63],{"class":62},[44,34174,67],{"class":66},[44,34176,63],{"class":62},[44,34178,72],{"class":58},[44,34180,75],{"class":62},[44,34182,78],{"class":66},[44,34184,63],{"class":62},[44,34186,83],{"class":58},[44,34188,75],{"class":62},[44,34190,88],{"class":66},[44,34192,63],{"class":62},[44,34194,72],{"class":58},[44,34196,646],{"class":95},[44,34198,99],{"class":58},[44,34200,34201],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34202,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,34204,34205,34207,34209,34211,34213,34215],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,34206,136],{"class":135},[44,34208,120],{"class":58},[44,34210,14085],{"class":116},[44,34212,113],{"class":58},[44,34214,5860],{"class":25189},[44,34216,129],{"class":58},[20,34218,34219,34222],{},[15,34220,34221],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34224,19144],{},[35,34226,34228],{"className":37,"code":34227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34229,34230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34231,34232,34234,34236,34238,34240,34242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34233,136],{"class":135},[44,34235,120],{"class":58},[44,34237,14085],{"class":116},[44,34239,113],{"class":58},[44,34241,5860],{"class":116},[44,34243,2188],{"class":58},[981,34245,34247],{"id":34246},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34249,34250],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[35,34252,34254],{"className":37,"code":34253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34255,34256,34288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34257,34258,34260,34262,34264,34266,34268,34270,34272,34274,34276,34278,34280,34282,34284,34286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34259,616],{"class":50},[44,34261,55],{"class":54},[44,34263,59],{"class":58},[44,34265,63],{"class":62},[44,34267,625],{"class":66},[44,34269,63],{"class":62},[44,34271,72],{"class":58},[44,34273,1703],{"class":95},[44,34275,83],{"class":58},[44,34277,75],{"class":62},[44,34279,639],{"class":66},[44,34281,63],{"class":62},[44,34283,72],{"class":58},[44,34285,1717],{"class":95},[44,34287,99],{"class":58},[44,34289,34290,34292,34294,34296,34298,34300],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34291,136],{"class":135},[44,34293,120],{"class":58},[44,34295,750],{"class":116},[44,34297,113],{"class":58},[44,34299,5860],{"class":116},[44,34301,2188],{"class":58},[20,34303,34304],{},"Not like this:",[35,34306,34308],{"className":37,"code":34307,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34309,34310,34315,34320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34311,34312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34313,34314],{"class":147},"# Wrong examples:\n",[44,34316,34317],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34318,34319],{"class":147},"# data().values()\n",[44,34321,34322],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,34323,34324],{"class":147},"# values(data)\n",[20,34326,3846],{},[35,34328,34330],{"className":37,"code":34329,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34331,34332,34346,34356,34370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34333,34334,34336,34338,34340,34342,34344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34335,136],{"class":135},[44,34337,120],{"class":58},[44,34339,2249],{"class":2248},[44,34341,120],{"class":58},[44,34343,405],{"class":116},[44,34345,2239],{"class":58},[44,34347,34348,34350,34352,34354],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34349,136],{"class":135},[44,34351,120],{"class":58},[44,34353,405],{"class":116},[44,34355,129],{"class":58},[44,34357,34358,34360,34362,34364,34366,34368],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,34359,136],{"class":135},[44,34361,120],{"class":58},[44,34363,405],{"class":116},[44,34365,113],{"class":58},[44,34367,5860],{"class":116},[44,34369,2188],{"class":58},[44,34371,34372,34374,34376,34378,34380,34382,34384,34386],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,34373,136],{"class":135},[44,34375,120],{"class":58},[44,34377,8588],{"class":2248},[44,34379,120],{"class":58},[44,34381,405],{"class":116},[44,34383,113],{"class":58},[44,34385,5860],{"class":116},[44,34387,6791],{"class":58},[30,34389,2301],{"id":2300},[981,34391,5643,34393,5646],{"id":34392},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34394,32546],{},[20,34396,17873,34397,34399],{},[15,34398,17491],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[981,34401,2329,34403,24370],{"id":34402},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34404,17525],{},[20,34406,24373,34407,24377],{},[15,34408,34409],{},"list(...)",[981,34411,26492,34413,2363],{"id":34412},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34414,32546],{},[20,34416,34417,34418,26500],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34419,6459],{},[981,34421,2329,34423,34425],{"id":34422},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34424,32546],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34427,34428],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[981,34430,34432,34433,34435,34436,2363],{"id":34431},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34434,17525],{}," different from ",[15,34437,17532],{},[20,34439,34440,34442,34443,34445],{},[15,34441,17525],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34444,17532],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[30,34447,2375],{"id":2374},[252,34449,34450,34456,34462,34466,34472,34476],{},[255,34451,34452],{},[625,34453,11218,34454,11221],{"href":17516},[15,34455,17519],{},[255,34457,34458],{},[625,34459,11218,34460,11221],{"href":17529},[15,34461,17532],{},[255,34463,34464],{},[625,34465,11722],{"href":2296},[255,34467,34468],{},[625,34469,34471],{"href":34470},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[255,34473,34474],{},[625,34475,24455],{"href":33395},[255,34477,34478],{},[625,34479,30572,34480],{"href":26115},[15,34481,34482],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2414,34484,34485],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":34487},[34488,34489,34491,34492,34494,34495,34496,34497,34499,34510,34522],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":32716,"depth":102,"text":34490},"What values() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":32786,"depth":102,"text":34493},"What values() returns",{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952},{"id":33265,"depth":102,"text":33266},{"id":33398,"depth":102,"text":33399},{"id":33557,"depth":102,"text":34498},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526,"children":34500},[34501,34503,34505,34507,34509],{"id":33772,"depth":132,"text":34502},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33863,"depth":132,"text":34504},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33997,"depth":132,"text":34506},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34150,"depth":132,"text":34508},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34246,"depth":132,"text":34247},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":34511},[34512,34514,34516,34518,34520],{"id":34392,"depth":132,"text":34513},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34402,"depth":132,"text":34515},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34412,"depth":132,"text":34517},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34422,"depth":132,"text":34519},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34431,"depth":132,"text":34521},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32533,"description":34523},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34529,"title":34530,"body":34531,"description":35962,"extension":2465,"meta":35963,"navigation":169,"path":35964,"seo":35965,"stem":35966,"__hash__":35967},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34532,"toc":35914},[34533,34539,34544,34547,34563,34572,34574,34606,34612,34615,34710,34713,34718,34723,34726,34737,34739,34753,34759,34761,34766,34772,34775,34814,34822,34827,34830,34875,34878,34890,34896,34902,34906,34939,34942,34960,34963,34967,35006,35008,35028,35031,35043,35048,35054,35057,35112,35115,35126,35129,35140,35143,35147,35153,35155,35185,35188,35203,35206,35209,35228,35231,35247,35256,35258,35289,35295,35300,35303,35310,35341,35344,35366,35369,35372,35386,35390,35421,35436,35443,35450,35454,35462,35466,35474,35477,35526,35537,35539,35542,35548,35553,35563,35567,35570,35573,35577,35580,35582,35603,35607,35613,35624,35630,35632,35638,35662,35665,35728,35731,35759,35762,35824,35826,35831,35834,35841,35849,35856,35859,35867,35873,35875,35902,35911],[10,34534,4083,34536,4087],{"id":34535},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34537,34538],{},"dir()",[20,34540,32543,34541,34543],{},[15,34542,34538],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34545,34546],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[252,34548,34549,34552,34555,34560],{},[255,34550,34551],{},"learning Python",[255,34553,34554],{},"exploring a new object",[255,34556,34557,34558],{},"debugging an ",[15,34559,26108],{},[255,34561,34562],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34564,34565,34566,34568,34569],{},"In short, ",[15,34567,34538],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[590,34570,34571],{},"“What can I use here?”",[30,34573,2507],{"id":2506},[35,34575,34577],{"className":37,"code":34576,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34578,34579,34591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34580,34581,34583,34585,34587,34589],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34582,8372],{"class":50},[44,34584,55],{"class":54},[44,34586,75],{"class":62},[44,34588,4349],{"class":66},[44,34590,3865],{"class":62},[44,34592,34593,34595,34597,34600,34602,34604],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34594,136],{"class":135},[44,34596,120],{"class":58},[44,34598,34599],{"class":135},"dir",[44,34601,120],{"class":58},[44,34603,67],{"class":116},[44,34605,2239],{"class":58},[20,34607,227,34608,34611],{},[15,34609,34610],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34613,34614],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[35,34616,34618],{"className":37,"code":34617,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34619,34620],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34621,34622,34624,34626,34629,34631,34633,34635,34638,34640,34642,34644,34647,34649,34651,34653,34656,34658,34660,34662,34665,34667,34669,34671,34674,34676,34678,34682,34684,34686,34688,34690,34692,34694,34697,34699,34701,34703,34706,34708],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34623,896],{"class":58},[44,34625,2197],{"class":62},[44,34627,34628],{"class":66},"__add__",[44,34630,2197],{"class":62},[44,34632,83],{"class":58},[44,34634,2232],{"class":62},[44,34636,34637],{"class":66},"__class__",[44,34639,2197],{"class":62},[44,34641,83],{"class":58},[44,34643,2232],{"class":62},[44,34645,34646],{"class":66},"__contains__",[44,34648,2197],{"class":62},[44,34650,83],{"class":58},[44,34652,2232],{"class":62},[44,34654,34655],{"class":66},"__delattr__",[44,34657,2197],{"class":62},[44,34659,83],{"class":58},[44,34661,2232],{"class":62},[44,34663,34664],{"class":66},"__dir__",[44,34666,2197],{"class":62},[44,34668,83],{"class":58},[44,34670,2232],{"class":62},[44,34672,34673],{"class":66},"__doc__",[44,34675,2197],{"class":62},[44,34677,83],{"class":58},[44,34679,34681],{"class":34680},"s_hVV"," ...",[44,34683,83],{"class":58},[44,34685,2232],{"class":62},[44,34687,9135],{"class":66},[44,34689,2197],{"class":62},[44,34691,83],{"class":58},[44,34693,2232],{"class":62},[44,34695,34696],{"class":66},"split",[44,34698,2197],{"class":62},[44,34700,83],{"class":58},[44,34702,2232],{"class":62},[44,34704,34705],{"class":66},"upper",[44,34707,2197],{"class":62},[44,34709,1153],{"class":58},[20,34711,34712],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[30,34714,243,34716,246],{"id":34715},"what-dir-does",[15,34717,34538],{},[20,34719,34720,34722],{},[15,34721,34538],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34724,34725],{},"It usually includes:",[252,34727,34728,34731,34734],{},[255,34729,34730],{},"attributes",[255,34732,34733],{},"methods",[255,34735,34736],{},"special Python names",[20,34738,11935],{},[252,34740,34741,34747,34750],{},[255,34742,34743,34744],{},"The result is a ",[590,34745,34746],{},"list of strings",[255,34748,34749],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[255,34751,34752],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34754,34755,34756,34758],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34757,34538],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[30,34760,392],{"id":391},[20,34762,34763,34765],{},[15,34764,34538],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[981,34767,34769,34771],{"id":34768},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34770,34538],{}," with no argument",[20,34773,34774],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[35,34776,34778],{"className":37,"code":34777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34779,34780,34788,34800,34804],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34781,34782,34784,34786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34783,3531],{"class":50},[44,34785,55],{"class":54},[44,34787,3091],{"class":95},[44,34789,34790,34792,34794,34796,34798],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34791,8372],{"class":50},[44,34793,55],{"class":54},[44,34795,75],{"class":62},[44,34797,8173],{"class":66},[44,34799,3865],{"class":62},[44,34801,34802],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,34803,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,34805,34806,34808,34810,34812],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,34807,136],{"class":135},[44,34809,120],{"class":58},[44,34811,34599],{"class":135},[44,34813,2188],{"class":58},[20,34815,34816,34817,976,34819,34821],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34818,1696],{},[15,34820,67],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[981,34823,34825],{"id":34824},"dirobject",[15,34826,34610],{},[20,34828,34829],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[35,34831,34833],{"className":37,"code":34832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34834,34835,34853],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34836,34837,34839,34841,34843,34845,34847,34849,34851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34838,136],{"class":135},[44,34840,120],{"class":58},[44,34842,34599],{"class":135},[44,34844,120],{"class":58},[44,34846,63],{"class":62},[44,34848,4349],{"class":66},[44,34850,63],{"class":62},[44,34852,2239],{"class":58},[44,34854,34855,34857,34859,34861,34863,34865,34867,34869,34871,34873],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34856,136],{"class":135},[44,34858,120],{"class":58},[44,34860,34599],{"class":135},[44,34862,3492],{"class":58},[44,34864,1588],{"class":95},[44,34866,83],{"class":58},[44,34868,1717],{"class":95},[44,34870,83],{"class":58},[44,34872,2955],{"class":95},[44,34874,3505],{"class":58},[20,34876,34877],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[252,34879,34880,34882,34884,34887],{},[255,34881,5810],{},[255,34883,5801],{},[255,34885,34886],{},"modules",[255,34888,34889],{},"custom objects",[30,34891,1785,34893,34895],{"id":34892},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34894,34538],{}," with a value",[20,34897,34898,34899,34901],{},"A common use of ",[15,34900,34538],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[981,34903,34905],{"id":34904},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[35,34907,34909],{"className":37,"code":34908,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34910,34911,34924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34912,34913,34916,34918,34920,34922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34914,34915],{"class":50},"text ",[44,34917,55],{"class":54},[44,34919,75],{"class":62},[44,34921,4349],{"class":66},[44,34923,3865],{"class":62},[44,34925,34926,34928,34930,34932,34934,34937],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34927,136],{"class":135},[44,34929,120],{"class":58},[44,34931,34599],{"class":135},[44,34933,120],{"class":58},[44,34935,34936],{"class":116},"text",[44,34938,2239],{"class":58},[20,34940,34941],{},"You will see method names like:",[252,34943,34944,34948,34952,34956],{},[255,34945,34946],{},[15,34947,9135],{},[255,34949,34950],{},[15,34951,34705],{},[255,34953,34954],{},[15,34955,34696],{},[255,34957,34958],{},[15,34959,9129],{},[20,34961,34962],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[981,34964,34966],{"id":34965},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[35,34968,34970],{"className":37,"code":34969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34971,34972,34992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34973,34974,34976,34978,34980,34982,34984,34986,34988,34990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34975,1551],{"class":50},[44,34977,55],{"class":54},[44,34979,1556],{"class":58},[44,34981,1588],{"class":95},[44,34983,83],{"class":58},[44,34985,1717],{"class":95},[44,34987,83],{"class":58},[44,34989,2955],{"class":95},[44,34991,1153],{"class":58},[44,34993,34994,34996,34998,35000,35002,35004],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34995,136],{"class":135},[44,34997,120],{"class":58},[44,34999,34599],{"class":135},[44,35001,120],{"class":58},[44,35003,1579],{"class":116},[44,35005,2239],{"class":58},[20,35007,34941],{},[252,35009,35010,35014,35018,35023],{},[255,35011,35012],{},[15,35013,14012],{},[255,35015,35016],{},[15,35017,117],{},[255,35019,35020],{},[15,35021,35022],{},"remove",[255,35024,35025],{},[15,35026,35027],{},"sort",[20,35029,35030],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,35032,35033,35034,35039,35040,35042],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[625,35035,35037],{"href":35036},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,35038,2806],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,35041,34538],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[30,35044,1785,35046,34771],{"id":35045},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,35047,34538],{},[20,35049,35050,35051,35053],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,35052,34538],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,35055,35056],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[35,35058,35060],{"className":37,"code":35059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35061,35062,35071,35075,35086,35098,35102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35063,35064,35066,35068],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35065,3531],{"class":50},[44,35067,55],{"class":54},[44,35069,35070],{"class":95}," 5\n",[44,35072,35073],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35074,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,35076,35077,35080,35084],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,35078,35079],{"class":2570},"def",[44,35081,35083],{"class":35082},"sGLFI"," greet",[44,35085,22034],{"class":58},[44,35087,35088,35091,35093,35096],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,35089,35090],{"class":1140},"    return",[44,35092,75],{"class":62},[44,35094,35095],{"class":66},"Hello",[44,35097,3865],{"class":62},[44,35099,35100],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,35101,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,35103,35104,35106,35108,35110],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,35105,136],{"class":135},[44,35107,120],{"class":58},[44,35109,34599],{"class":135},[44,35111,2188],{"class":58},[20,35113,35114],{},"The output will include names like:",[252,35116,35117,35121],{},[255,35118,35119],{},[15,35120,1696],{},[255,35122,35123],{},[15,35124,35125],{},"greet",[20,35127,35128],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[252,35130,35131,35134,35137],{},[255,35132,35133],{},"what variables exist",[255,35135,35136],{},"what functions you have defined",[255,35138,35139],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35141,35142],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[30,35144,35146],{"id":35145},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35148,35149,35150,35152],{},"When you first use ",[15,35151,34538],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35154,269],{},[35,35156,35157],{"className":37,"code":34908,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,35158,35159,35171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35160,35161,35163,35165,35167,35169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35162,34915],{"class":50},[44,35164,55],{"class":54},[44,35166,75],{"class":62},[44,35168,4349],{"class":66},[44,35170,3865],{"class":62},[44,35172,35173,35175,35177,35179,35181,35183],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35174,136],{"class":135},[44,35176,120],{"class":58},[44,35178,34599],{"class":135},[44,35180,120],{"class":58},[44,35182,34936],{"class":116},[44,35184,2239],{"class":58},[20,35186,35187],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[252,35189,35190,35194,35198],{},[255,35191,35192],{},[15,35193,34637],{},[255,35195,35196],{},[15,35197,34673],{},[255,35199,35200],{},[15,35201,35202],{},"__len__",[20,35204,35205],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35207,35208],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[252,35210,35211,35215,35219,35223],{},[255,35212,35213],{},[15,35214,34705],{},[255,35216,35217],{},[15,35218,9135],{},[255,35220,35221],{},[15,35222,34696],{},[255,35224,35225],{},[15,35226,35227],{},"replace",[20,35229,35230],{},"A key point to remember:",[252,35232,35233,35241],{},[255,35234,35235,35237,35238],{},[15,35236,34538],{}," lists ",[590,35239,35240],{},"names only",[255,35242,35243,35244,35246],{},"it does ",[590,35245,592],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35248,35249,35250,113],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[625,35251,35253],{"href":35252},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35254,35255],{},"help()",[20,35257,5973],{},[35,35259,35261],{"className":37,"code":35260,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35262,35263,35275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35264,35265,35267,35269,35271,35273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35266,8372],{"class":50},[44,35268,55],{"class":54},[44,35270,75],{"class":62},[44,35272,4349],{"class":66},[44,35274,3865],{"class":62},[44,35276,35277,35279,35281,35283,35285,35287],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35278,32378],{"class":135},[44,35280,120],{"class":58},[44,35282,67],{"class":116},[44,35284,113],{"class":58},[44,35286,34705],{"class":25189},[44,35288,129],{"class":58},[30,35290,35292,35294],{"id":35291},"dir-on-modules",[15,35293,34538],{}," on modules",[20,35296,16170,35297,35299],{},[15,35298,34538],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35301,35302],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[981,35304,35306,35307,35309],{"id":35305},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35308,481],{}," module",[35,35311,35313],{"className":37,"code":35312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35314,35315,35323,35327],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35316,35317,35320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35318,35319],{"class":1140},"import",[44,35321,35322],{"class":50}," math\n",[44,35324,35325],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35326,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,35328,35329,35331,35333,35335,35337,35339],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,35330,136],{"class":135},[44,35332,120],{"class":58},[44,35334,34599],{"class":135},[44,35336,120],{"class":58},[44,35338,481],{"class":116},[44,35340,2239],{"class":58},[20,35342,35343],{},"You may see names like:",[252,35345,35346,35351,35356,35361],{},[255,35347,35348],{},[15,35349,35350],{},"sqrt",[255,35352,35353],{},[15,35354,35355],{},"ceil",[255,35357,35358],{},[15,35359,35360],{},"floor",[255,35362,35363],{},[15,35364,35365],{},"pi",[20,35367,35368],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35370,35371],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[252,35373,35374,35380],{},[255,35375,35376],{},[625,35377,35379],{"href":35378},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[255,35381,35382],{},[625,35383,35385],{"href":35384},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[981,35387,35389],{"id":35388},"another-example","Another example",[35,35391,35393],{"className":37,"code":35392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35394,35395,35402,35406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35396,35397,35399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35398,35319],{"class":1140},[44,35400,35401],{"class":50}," json\n",[44,35403,35404],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35405,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,35407,35408,35410,35412,35414,35416,35419],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,35409,136],{"class":135},[44,35411,120],{"class":58},[44,35413,34599],{"class":135},[44,35415,120],{"class":58},[44,35417,35418],{"class":116},"json",[44,35420,2239],{"class":58},[20,35422,35423,35424,2695,35427,2695,35430,17526,35433,113],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35425,35426],{},"dump",[15,35428,35429],{},"dumps",[15,35431,35432],{},"load",[15,35434,35435],{},"loads",[30,35437,35439,967,35441],{"id":35438},"dir-vs-help",[15,35440,34538],{},[15,35442,35255],{},[20,35444,35445,976,35447,35449],{},[15,35446,34538],{},[15,35448,35255],{}," are often used together.",[981,35451,35452],{"id":34599},[15,35453,34538],{},[252,35455,35456,35459],{},[255,35457,35458],{},"shows available names",[255,35460,35461],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[981,35463,35464],{"id":32378},[15,35465,35255],{},[252,35467,35468,35471],{},[255,35469,35470],{},"explains what an object or function does",[255,35472,35473],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35475,35476],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[35,35478,35480],{"className":37,"code":35479,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35481,35482,35494,35498,35512],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35483,35484,35486,35488,35490,35492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35485,8372],{"class":50},[44,35487,55],{"class":54},[44,35489,75],{"class":62},[44,35491,4349],{"class":66},[44,35493,3865],{"class":62},[44,35495,35496],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35497,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,35499,35500,35502,35504,35506,35508,35510],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,35501,136],{"class":135},[44,35503,120],{"class":58},[44,35505,34599],{"class":135},[44,35507,120],{"class":58},[44,35509,67],{"class":116},[44,35511,2239],{"class":58},[44,35513,35514,35516,35518,35520,35522,35524],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,35515,32378],{"class":135},[44,35517,120],{"class":58},[44,35519,67],{"class":116},[44,35521,113],{"class":58},[44,35523,34705],{"class":25189},[44,35525,129],{"class":58},[20,35527,227,35528,35530,35531,35533,35534,35536],{},[15,35529,34538],{}," first to find a method name.",[10333,35532],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35535,35255],{}," to understand how to use it.",[30,35538,25794],{"id":25793},[20,35540,35541],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[981,35543,35545,35547],{"id":35544},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35546,34538],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35549,35550,35552],{},[15,35551,34538],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35554,35555,35556,35558,35559,35562],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35557,34705],{}," in ",[15,35560,35561],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[981,35564,35566],{"id":35565},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35568,35569],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35571,35572],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[981,35574,35576],{"id":35575},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35578,35579],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35581,5973],{},[252,35583,35584,35589,35595],{},[255,35585,35586,35588],{},[15,35587,35561],{}," shows string-related names",[255,35590,35591,35594],{},[15,35592,35593],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[255,35596,35597,35600,35601,35309],{},[15,35598,35599],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35602,481],{},[981,35604,35606],{"id":35605},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35608,35609,35610,35612],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35611,34538],{}," does not mean you already know:",[252,35614,35615,35618,35621],{},[255,35616,35617],{},"what it does",[255,35619,35620],{},"what arguments it needs",[255,35622,35623],{},"what it returns",[20,35625,35626,35627,35629],{},"That is why ",[15,35628,35255],{}," is the natural next step.",[30,35631,3335],{"id":3334},[20,35633,35634,35635,35637],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35636,34538],{}," in these situations:",[252,35639,35640,35643,35652,35655],{},[255,35641,35642],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[255,35644,35645,35646,35651],{},"Seeing an ",[625,35647,35649],{"href":35648},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35650,26108],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[255,35653,35654],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[255,35656,1785,35657,35659,35660],{},[15,35658,34538],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35661,35255],{},[20,35663,35664],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[35,35666,35668],{"className":37,"code":35667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35669,35670,35682,35686,35700,35714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35671,35672,35674,35676,35678,35680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35673,8372],{"class":50},[44,35675,55],{"class":54},[44,35677,75],{"class":62},[44,35679,4349],{"class":66},[44,35681,3865],{"class":62},[44,35683,35684],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35685,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,35687,35688,35690,35692,35694,35696,35698],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,35689,136],{"class":135},[44,35691,120],{"class":58},[44,35693,2249],{"class":2248},[44,35695,120],{"class":58},[44,35697,67],{"class":116},[44,35699,2239],{"class":58},[44,35701,35702,35704,35706,35708,35710,35712],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,35703,136],{"class":135},[44,35705,120],{"class":58},[44,35707,34599],{"class":135},[44,35709,120],{"class":58},[44,35711,67],{"class":116},[44,35713,2239],{"class":58},[44,35715,35716,35718,35720,35722,35724,35726],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,35717,32378],{"class":135},[44,35719,120],{"class":58},[44,35721,67],{"class":116},[44,35723,113],{"class":58},[44,35725,34705],{"class":25189},[44,35727,129],{"class":58},[20,35729,35730],{},"And for modules:",[35,35732,35733],{"className":37,"code":35312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,35734,35735,35741,35745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35736,35737,35739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35738,35319],{"class":1140},[44,35740,35322],{"class":50},[44,35742,35743],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35744,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,35746,35747,35749,35751,35753,35755,35757],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,35748,136],{"class":135},[44,35750,120],{"class":58},[44,35752,34599],{"class":135},[44,35754,120],{"class":58},[44,35756,481],{"class":116},[44,35758,2239],{"class":58},[20,35760,35761],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[35,35763,35765],{"className":37,"code":35764,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35766,35767,35772,35784,35794,35808,35814],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35768,35769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35770,35771],{"class":50},"python\n",[44,35773,35774,35776,35778,35780,35782],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35775,8372],{"class":50},[44,35777,55],{"class":54},[44,35779,75],{"class":62},[44,35781,4349],{"class":66},[44,35783,3865],{"class":62},[44,35785,35786,35788,35790,35792],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,35787,34599],{"class":135},[44,35789,120],{"class":58},[44,35791,67],{"class":116},[44,35793,129],{"class":58},[44,35795,35796,35798,35800,35802,35804,35806],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,35797,32378],{"class":135},[44,35799,120],{"class":58},[44,35801,67],{"class":116},[44,35803,113],{"class":58},[44,35805,34705],{"class":25189},[44,35807,129],{"class":58},[44,35809,35810,35812],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,35811,35319],{"class":1140},[44,35813,35322],{"class":50},[44,35815,35816,35818,35820,35822],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,35817,34599],{"class":135},[44,35819,120],{"class":58},[44,35821,481],{"class":116},[44,35823,129],{"class":58},[30,35825,2301],{"id":2300},[981,35827,5643,35829,5646],{"id":35828},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35830,34538],{},[20,35832,35833],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[981,35835,2358,35837,976,35839,2363],{"id":35836},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35838,34538],{},[15,35840,35255],{},[20,35842,35843,35845,35846,35848],{},[15,35844,34538],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35847,35255],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[981,35850,35852,35853,35855],{"id":35851},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35854,34538],{}," output?",[20,35857,35858],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[981,35860,5671,35862,35864,35865,2363],{"id":35861},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35863,34538],{}," help fix ",[15,35866,26108],{},[20,35868,35869,35870,113],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[625,35871,35872],{"href":35648},"object has no attribute",[30,35874,2375],{"id":2374},[252,35876,35877,35883,35888,35892,35896],{},[255,35878,35879],{},[625,35880,4083,35881,4016],{"href":35252},[15,35882,35255],{},[255,35884,35885],{},[625,35886,35887],{"href":35648},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[255,35889,35890],{},[625,35891,35379],{"href":35378},[255,35893,35894],{},[625,35895,35385],{"href":35384},[255,35897,35898],{},[625,35899,4083,35900,4016],{"href":35036},[15,35901,2806],{},[20,35903,35904,35905,35907,35908,35910],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35906,34538],{}," together with ",[15,35909,35255],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2414,35912,35913],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":35915},[35916,35917,35919,35924,35929,35931,35932,35938,35943,35950,35951,35961],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":34715,"depth":102,"text":35918},"What dir() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392,"children":35920},[35921,35923],{"id":34768,"depth":132,"text":35922},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34824,"depth":132,"text":34610},{"id":34892,"depth":102,"text":35925,"children":35926},"Using dir() with a value",[35927,35928],{"id":34904,"depth":132,"text":34905},{"id":34965,"depth":132,"text":34966},{"id":35045,"depth":102,"text":35930},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35145,"depth":102,"text":35146},{"id":35291,"depth":102,"text":35933,"children":35934},"dir() on modules",[35935,35937],{"id":35305,"depth":132,"text":35936},"Example: math module",{"id":35388,"depth":132,"text":35389},{"id":35438,"depth":102,"text":35939,"children":35940},"dir() vs help()",[35941,35942],{"id":34599,"depth":132,"text":34538},{"id":32378,"depth":132,"text":35255},{"id":25793,"depth":102,"text":25794,"children":35944},[35945,35947,35948,35949],{"id":35544,"depth":132,"text":35946},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35565,"depth":132,"text":35566},{"id":35575,"depth":132,"text":35576},{"id":35605,"depth":132,"text":35606},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":35952},[35953,35955,35957,35959],{"id":35828,"depth":132,"text":35954},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35836,"depth":132,"text":35956},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35851,"depth":132,"text":35958},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35861,"depth":132,"text":35960},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34530,"description":35962},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35969,"title":35970,"body":35971,"description":37791,"extension":2465,"meta":37792,"navigation":169,"path":37793,"seo":37794,"stem":37795,"__hash__":37796},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35972,"toc":37760},[35973,35979,35984,35987,35995,36001,36003,36083,36085,36111,36116,36121,36126,36129,36140,36143,36145,36224,36226,36252,36259,36261,36263,36288,36291,36304,36309,36311,36392,36394,36420,36429,36434,36442,36448,36455,36458,36460,36539,36542,36599,36601,36638,36644,36649,36654,36657,36671,36673,36776,36778,36821,36830,36840,36847,36853,36860,36943,36945,36968,36971,36974,36976,36980,36984,36987,37050,37073,37076,37080,37086,37088,37155,37158,37235,37240,37246,37249,37252,37298,37300,37324,37329,37333,37338,37344,37407,37410,37412,37415,37440,37443,37578,37580,37681,37683,37688,37691,37697,37707,37715,37720,37726,37732,37734,37757],[10,35974,4083,35976,4087],{"id":35975},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35977,35978],{},"enumerate()",[20,35980,35981,35983],{},[15,35982,35978],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35985,35986],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[252,35988,35989,35992],{},[255,35990,35991],{},"the item itself",[255,35993,35994],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35996,35997,35998,36000],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35999,35978],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[30,36002,2507],{"id":2506},[35,36004,36006],{"className":37,"code":36005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36007,36008,36040,36044,36067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36009,36010,36012,36014,36016,36018,36020,36022,36024,36026,36028,36030,36032,36034,36036,36038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36011,13539],{"class":50},[44,36013,55],{"class":54},[44,36015,1556],{"class":58},[44,36017,63],{"class":62},[44,36019,13556],{"class":66},[44,36021,63],{"class":62},[44,36023,83],{"class":58},[44,36025,75],{"class":62},[44,36027,17907],{"class":66},[44,36029,63],{"class":62},[44,36031,83],{"class":58},[44,36033,75],{"class":62},[44,36035,13573],{"class":66},[44,36037,63],{"class":62},[44,36039,1153],{"class":58},[44,36041,36042],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36043,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,36045,36046,36048,36051,36053,36056,36058,36061,36063,36065],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,36047,6459],{"class":1140},[44,36049,36050],{"class":50}," index",[44,36052,83],{"class":58},[44,36054,36055],{"class":50}," color ",[44,36057,4385],{"class":1140},[44,36059,36060],{"class":135}," enumerate",[44,36062,120],{"class":58},[44,36064,17954],{"class":116},[44,36066,8837],{"class":58},[44,36068,36069,36071,36073,36076,36078,36081],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,36070,1387],{"class":135},[44,36072,120],{"class":58},[44,36074,36075],{"class":116},"index",[44,36077,83],{"class":58},[44,36079,36080],{"class":116}," color",[44,36082,129],{"class":58},[20,36084,2576],{},[35,36086,36088],{"className":37,"code":36087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,36089,36090,36097,36104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36091,36092,36094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36093,2626],{"class":95},[44,36095,36096],{"class":50}," red\n",[44,36098,36099,36101],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36100,1588],{"class":95},[44,36102,36103],{"class":50}," green\n",[44,36105,36106,36108],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,36107,2561],{"class":95},[44,36109,36110],{"class":50}," blue\n",[20,36112,227,36113,36115],{},[15,36114,35978],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[30,36117,243,36119,246],{"id":36118},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36120,35978],{},[20,36122,36123,36125],{},[15,36124,35978],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36127,36128],{},"It is commonly used with:",[252,36130,36131,36133,36135,36137],{},[255,36132,5801],{},[255,36134,5804],{},[255,36136,5810],{},[255,36138,36139],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36141,36142],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36144,269],{},[35,36146,36148],{"className":37,"code":36147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36149,36150,36184,36188,36209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36151,36152,36154,36156,36158,36160,36162,36164,36166,36168,36171,36173,36175,36177,36180,36182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36153,5496],{"class":50},[44,36155,55],{"class":54},[44,36157,1556],{"class":58},[44,36159,63],{"class":62},[44,36161,78],{"class":66},[44,36163,63],{"class":62},[44,36165,83],{"class":58},[44,36167,75],{"class":62},[44,36169,36170],{"class":66},"Ben",[44,36172,63],{"class":62},[44,36174,83],{"class":58},[44,36176,75],{"class":62},[44,36178,36179],{"class":66},"Cara",[44,36181,63],{"class":62},[44,36183,1153],{"class":58},[44,36185,36186],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36187,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,36189,36190,36192,36194,36196,36199,36201,36203,36205,36207],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,36191,6459],{"class":1140},[44,36193,36050],{"class":50},[44,36195,83],{"class":58},[44,36197,36198],{"class":50}," name ",[44,36200,4385],{"class":1140},[44,36202,36060],{"class":135},[44,36204,120],{"class":58},[44,36206,5540],{"class":116},[44,36208,8837],{"class":58},[44,36210,36211,36213,36215,36217,36219,36222],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,36212,1387],{"class":135},[44,36214,120],{"class":58},[44,36216,36075],{"class":116},[44,36218,83],{"class":58},[44,36220,36221],{"class":116}," name",[44,36223,129],{"class":58},[20,36225,2576],{},[35,36227,36229],{"className":37,"code":36228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36230,36231,36238,36245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36232,36233,36235],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36234,2626],{"class":95},[44,36236,36237],{"class":50}," Ana\n",[44,36239,36240,36242],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36241,1588],{"class":95},[44,36243,36244],{"class":50}," Ben\n",[44,36246,36247,36249],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,36248,2561],{"class":95},[44,36250,36251],{"class":50}," Cara\n",[20,36253,36254,36255,113],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[625,36256,36258],{"href":36257},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[30,36260,392],{"id":391},[20,36262,2666],{},[35,36264,36266],{"className":37,"code":36265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36267,36268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36269,36270,36273,36275,36277,36279,36282,36284,36286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36271,36272],{"class":135},"enumerate",[44,36274,120],{"class":58},[44,36276,4224],{"class":116},[44,36278,83],{"class":58},[44,36280,36281],{"class":9668}," start",[44,36283,55],{"class":54},[44,36285,2626],{"class":95},[44,36287,129],{"class":58},[20,36289,36290],{},"It has two parts:",[252,36292,36293,36298],{},[255,36294,36295,36297],{},[15,36296,4224],{},": the object you want to loop through",[255,36299,36300,36303],{},[15,36301,36302],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36305,36306,36307,113],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36308,2626],{},[20,36310,269],{},[35,36312,36314],{"className":37,"code":36313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36315,36316,36349,36353,36376],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36317,36318,36321,36323,36325,36327,36329,36331,36333,36335,36337,36339,36341,36343,36345,36347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36319,36320],{"class":50},"letters ",[44,36322,55],{"class":54},[44,36324,1556],{"class":58},[44,36326,63],{"class":62},[44,36328,625],{"class":66},[44,36330,63],{"class":62},[44,36332,83],{"class":58},[44,36334,75],{"class":62},[44,36336,639],{"class":66},[44,36338,63],{"class":62},[44,36340,83],{"class":58},[44,36342,75],{"class":62},[44,36344,696],{"class":66},[44,36346,63],{"class":62},[44,36348,1153],{"class":58},[44,36350,36351],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36352,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,36354,36355,36357,36360,36362,36365,36367,36369,36371,36374],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,36356,6459],{"class":1140},[44,36358,36359],{"class":50}," i",[44,36361,83],{"class":58},[44,36363,36364],{"class":50}," letter ",[44,36366,4385],{"class":1140},[44,36368,36060],{"class":135},[44,36370,120],{"class":58},[44,36372,36373],{"class":116},"letters",[44,36375,8837],{"class":58},[44,36377,36378,36380,36382,36385,36387,36390],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,36379,1387],{"class":135},[44,36381,120],{"class":58},[44,36383,36384],{"class":116},"i",[44,36386,83],{"class":58},[44,36388,36389],{"class":116}," letter",[44,36391,129],{"class":58},[20,36393,2576],{},[35,36395,36397],{"className":37,"code":36396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36398,36399,36406,36413],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36400,36401,36403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36402,2626],{"class":95},[44,36404,36405],{"class":50}," a\n",[44,36407,36408,36410],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36409,1588],{"class":95},[44,36411,36412],{"class":50}," b\n",[44,36414,36415,36417],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,36416,2561],{"class":95},[44,36418,36419],{"class":50}," c\n",[20,36421,36422,36423,113],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[625,36424,4083,36426,4016],{"href":36425},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36427,36428],{},"range()",[30,36430,243,36432,12180],{"id":36431},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36433,35978],{},[20,36435,36436,36438,36439,113],{},[15,36437,35978],{}," returns an ",[590,36440,36441],{},"enumerate object",[20,36443,36444,36445,36447],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36446,6459],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[252,36449,36450],{},[255,36451,36452],{},[15,36453,36454],{},"(index, item)",[20,36456,36457],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36459,269],{},[35,36461,36463],{"className":37,"code":36462,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36464,36465,36498,36502,36524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36466,36467,36470,36472,36474,36476,36478,36480,36482,36484,36486,36488,36490,36492,36494,36496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36468,36469],{"class":50},"fruits ",[44,36471,55],{"class":54},[44,36473,1556],{"class":58},[44,36475,63],{"class":62},[44,36477,4582],{"class":66},[44,36479,63],{"class":62},[44,36481,83],{"class":58},[44,36483,75],{"class":62},[44,36485,4591],{"class":66},[44,36487,63],{"class":62},[44,36489,83],{"class":58},[44,36491,75],{"class":62},[44,36493,33447],{"class":66},[44,36495,63],{"class":62},[44,36497,1153],{"class":58},[44,36499,36500],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36501,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,36503,36504,36506,36508,36510,36513,36515,36517,36519,36522],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,36505,6459],{"class":1140},[44,36507,36050],{"class":50},[44,36509,83],{"class":58},[44,36511,36512],{"class":50}," fruit ",[44,36514,4385],{"class":1140},[44,36516,36060],{"class":135},[44,36518,120],{"class":58},[44,36520,36521],{"class":116},"fruits",[44,36523,8837],{"class":58},[44,36525,36526,36528,36530,36532,36534,36537],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,36527,1387],{"class":135},[44,36529,120],{"class":58},[44,36531,36075],{"class":116},[44,36533,83],{"class":58},[44,36535,36536],{"class":116}," fruit",[44,36538,129],{"class":58},[20,36540,36541],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[35,36543,36545],{"className":37,"code":36544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36546,36547,36567,36571,36589],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36548,36549,36551,36553,36555,36557,36559,36561,36563,36565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36550,1551],{"class":50},[44,36552,55],{"class":54},[44,36554,1556],{"class":58},[44,36556,1559],{"class":95},[44,36558,83],{"class":58},[44,36560,646],{"class":95},[44,36562,83],{"class":58},[44,36564,1568],{"class":95},[44,36566,1153],{"class":58},[44,36568,36569],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36570,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,36572,36573,36575,36577,36579,36581,36583,36585,36587],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,36574,1953],{"class":50},[44,36576,55],{"class":54},[44,36578,22998],{"class":2248},[44,36580,120],{"class":58},[44,36582,36272],{"class":135},[44,36584,120],{"class":58},[44,36586,1579],{"class":116},[44,36588,2239],{"class":58},[44,36590,36591,36593,36595,36597],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,36592,136],{"class":135},[44,36594,120],{"class":58},[44,36596,1984],{"class":116},[44,36598,129],{"class":58},[20,36600,2576],{},[35,36602,36604],{"className":37,"code":36603,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36605,36606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36607,36608,36610,36612,36614,36616,36618,36620,36622,36624,36626,36628,36630,36632,36634,36636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36609,22178],{"class":58},[44,36611,2626],{"class":95},[44,36613,83],{"class":58},[44,36615,632],{"class":95},[44,36617,9725],{"class":58},[44,36619,9728],{"class":58},[44,36621,1588],{"class":95},[44,36623,83],{"class":58},[44,36625,646],{"class":95},[44,36627,9725],{"class":58},[44,36629,9728],{"class":58},[44,36631,2561],{"class":95},[44,36633,83],{"class":58},[44,36635,1568],{"class":95},[44,36637,9741],{"class":58},[20,36639,36640,36641,36643],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36642,35978],{}," produces.",[30,36645,769,36647],{"id":36646},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36648,35978],{},[20,36650,227,36651,36653],{},[15,36652,35978],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36655,36656],{},"Common cases:",[252,36658,36659,36662,36665,36668],{},[255,36660,36661],{},"printing numbered output",[255,36663,36664],{},"building menus",[255,36666,36667],{},"showing positions in a list",[255,36669,36670],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36672,269],{},[35,36674,36676],{"className":37,"code":36675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36677,36678,36713,36717,36747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36679,36680,36682,36684,36686,36688,36691,36693,36695,36697,36700,36702,36704,36706,36709,36711],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36681,30122],{"class":50},[44,36683,55],{"class":54},[44,36685,1556],{"class":58},[44,36687,63],{"class":62},[44,36689,36690],{"class":66},"Wash dishes",[44,36692,63],{"class":62},[44,36694,83],{"class":58},[44,36696,75],{"class":62},[44,36698,36699],{"class":66},"Study Python",[44,36701,63],{"class":62},[44,36703,83],{"class":58},[44,36705,75],{"class":62},[44,36707,36708],{"class":66},"Go for a walk",[44,36710,63],{"class":62},[44,36712,1153],{"class":58},[44,36714,36715],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36716,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,36718,36719,36721,36723,36725,36728,36730,36732,36734,36737,36739,36741,36743,36745],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,36720,6459],{"class":1140},[44,36722,2703],{"class":50},[44,36724,83],{"class":58},[44,36726,36727],{"class":50}," task ",[44,36729,4385],{"class":1140},[44,36731,36060],{"class":135},[44,36733,120],{"class":58},[44,36735,36736],{"class":116},"tasks",[44,36738,83],{"class":58},[44,36740,36281],{"class":9668},[44,36742,55],{"class":54},[44,36744,1588],{"class":95},[44,36746,8837],{"class":58},[44,36748,36749,36751,36753,36755,36757,36759,36761,36763,36765,36767,36770,36772,36774],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,36750,1387],{"class":135},[44,36752,120],{"class":58},[44,36754,22732],{"class":2570},[44,36756,63],{"class":66},[44,36758,9770],{"class":95},[44,36760,2744],{"class":116},[44,36762,22741],{"class":95},[44,36764,2322],{"class":66},[44,36766,9770],{"class":95},[44,36768,36769],{"class":116},"task",[44,36771,22741],{"class":95},[44,36773,63],{"class":66},[44,36775,129],{"class":58},[20,36777,2576],{},[35,36779,36781],{"className":37,"code":36780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36782,36783,36795,36807],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36784,36785,36787,36789,36792],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36786,1588],{"class":95},[44,36788,113],{"class":58},[44,36790,36791],{"class":25189}," Wash",[44,36793,36794],{"class":50}," dishes\n",[44,36796,36797,36799,36801,36804],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36798,2561],{"class":95},[44,36800,113],{"class":58},[44,36802,36803],{"class":25189}," Study",[44,36805,36806],{"class":50}," Python\n",[44,36808,36809,36811,36813,36816,36818],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,36810,2567],{"class":95},[44,36812,113],{"class":58},[44,36814,36815],{"class":25189}," Go",[44,36817,4379],{"class":1140},[44,36819,36820],{"class":50}," a walk\n",[20,36822,36823,36824,36826,36827,113],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36825,35978],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36828,36829],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36831,36832,36833,113],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[625,36834,36836,36837,36839],{"href":36835},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36838,35978],{}," in Python",[30,36841,36843,36844,36846],{"id":36842},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36845,36302],{}," argument",[20,36848,36849,36850,36852],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36851,36302],{}," argument.",[20,36854,36855,36856,2037,36858,72],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36857,1588],{},[15,36859,2626],{},[35,36861,36863],{"className":37,"code":36862,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36864,36865,36897,36901,36929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36866,36867,36869,36871,36873,36875,36877,36879,36881,36883,36885,36887,36889,36891,36893,36895],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36868,13539],{"class":50},[44,36870,55],{"class":54},[44,36872,1556],{"class":58},[44,36874,63],{"class":62},[44,36876,13556],{"class":66},[44,36878,63],{"class":62},[44,36880,83],{"class":58},[44,36882,75],{"class":62},[44,36884,17907],{"class":66},[44,36886,63],{"class":62},[44,36888,83],{"class":58},[44,36890,75],{"class":62},[44,36892,13573],{"class":66},[44,36894,63],{"class":62},[44,36896,1153],{"class":58},[44,36898,36899],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36900,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,36902,36903,36905,36907,36909,36911,36913,36915,36917,36919,36921,36923,36925,36927],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,36904,6459],{"class":1140},[44,36906,36050],{"class":50},[44,36908,83],{"class":58},[44,36910,36055],{"class":50},[44,36912,4385],{"class":1140},[44,36914,36060],{"class":135},[44,36916,120],{"class":58},[44,36918,17954],{"class":116},[44,36920,83],{"class":58},[44,36922,36281],{"class":9668},[44,36924,55],{"class":54},[44,36926,1588],{"class":95},[44,36928,8837],{"class":58},[44,36930,36931,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,36932,1387],{"class":135},[44,36934,120],{"class":58},[44,36936,36075],{"class":116},[44,36938,83],{"class":58},[44,36940,36080],{"class":116},[44,36942,129],{"class":58},[20,36944,2576],{},[35,36946,36948],{"className":37,"code":36947,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36949,36950,36956,36962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36951,36952,36954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36953,1588],{"class":95},[44,36955,36096],{"class":50},[44,36957,36958,36960],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36959,2561],{"class":95},[44,36961,36103],{"class":50},[44,36963,36964,36966],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,36965,2567],{"class":95},[44,36967,36110],{"class":50},[20,36969,36970],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36972,36973],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[30,36975,25794],{"id":25793},[20,36977,25797,36978,113],{},[15,36979,35978],{},[981,36981,36983],{"id":36982},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36985,36986],{},"In this loop:",[35,36988,36990],{"className":37,"code":36989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36991,36992,37012,37016,37036],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36993,36994,36996,36998,37000,37002,37004,37006,37008,37010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36995,1551],{"class":50},[44,36997,55],{"class":54},[44,36999,1556],{"class":58},[44,37001,1559],{"class":95},[44,37003,83],{"class":58},[44,37005,646],{"class":95},[44,37007,83],{"class":58},[44,37009,1568],{"class":95},[44,37011,1153],{"class":58},[44,37013,37014],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37015,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,37017,37018,37020,37022,37024,37026,37028,37030,37032,37034],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,37019,6459],{"class":1140},[44,37021,36050],{"class":50},[44,37023,83],{"class":58},[44,37025,22023],{"class":50},[44,37027,4385],{"class":1140},[44,37029,36060],{"class":135},[44,37031,120],{"class":58},[44,37033,1579],{"class":116},[44,37035,8837],{"class":58},[44,37037,37038,37040,37042,37044,37046,37048],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,37039,1387],{"class":135},[44,37041,120],{"class":58},[44,37043,36075],{"class":116},[44,37045,83],{"class":58},[44,37047,8928],{"class":116},[44,37049,129],{"class":58},[252,37051,37052,37062],{},[255,37053,37054,5285,37056,2695,37058,2695,37060],{},[15,37055,36075],{},[15,37057,2626],{},[15,37059,1588],{},[15,37061,2561],{},[255,37063,37064,5285,37066,2695,37068,2695,37070],{},[15,37065,1282],{},[15,37067,1559],{},[15,37069,16210],{},[15,37071,37072],{},"30",[20,37074,37075],{},"These are different things.",[981,37077,37079],{"id":37078},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,37081,37082,37083,37085],{},"Each item from ",[15,37084,35978],{}," is a pair.",[20,37087,7185],{},[35,37089,37091],{"className":37,"code":37090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,37092,37093,37117,37121,37141],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37094,37095,37097,37099,37101,37103,37105,37107,37109,37111,37113,37115],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37096,8276],{"class":50},[44,37098,55],{"class":54},[44,37100,1556],{"class":58},[44,37102,63],{"class":62},[44,37104,1696],{"class":66},[44,37106,63],{"class":62},[44,37108,83],{"class":58},[44,37110,75],{"class":62},[44,37112,1710],{"class":66},[44,37114,63],{"class":62},[44,37116,1153],{"class":58},[44,37118,37119],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37120,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,37122,37123,37125,37127,37129,37131,37133,37135,37137,37139],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,37124,6459],{"class":1140},[44,37126,36359],{"class":50},[44,37128,83],{"class":58},[44,37130,6462],{"class":50},[44,37132,4385],{"class":1140},[44,37134,36060],{"class":135},[44,37136,120],{"class":58},[44,37138,8305],{"class":116},[44,37140,8837],{"class":58},[44,37142,37143,37145,37147,37149,37151,37153],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,37144,1387],{"class":135},[44,37146,120],{"class":58},[44,37148,36384],{"class":116},[44,37150,83],{"class":58},[44,37152,29731],{"class":116},[44,37154,129],{"class":58},[20,37156,37157],{},"But this causes an error:",[35,37159,37161],{"className":37,"code":37160,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37162,37163,37187,37191,37216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37164,37165,37167,37169,37171,37173,37175,37177,37179,37181,37183,37185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37166,8276],{"class":50},[44,37168,55],{"class":54},[44,37170,1556],{"class":58},[44,37172,63],{"class":62},[44,37174,1696],{"class":66},[44,37176,63],{"class":62},[44,37178,83],{"class":58},[44,37180,75],{"class":62},[44,37182,1710],{"class":66},[44,37184,63],{"class":62},[44,37186,1153],{"class":58},[44,37188,37189],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37190,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,37192,37193,37195,37197,37199,37201,37203,37206,37208,37210,37212,37214],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,37194,6459],{"class":1140},[44,37196,36359],{"class":50},[44,37198,83],{"class":58},[44,37200,29731],{"class":50},[44,37202,83],{"class":58},[44,37204,37205],{"class":50}," extra ",[44,37207,4385],{"class":1140},[44,37209,36060],{"class":135},[44,37211,120],{"class":58},[44,37213,8305],{"class":116},[44,37215,8837],{"class":58},[44,37217,37218,37220,37222,37224,37226,37228,37230,37233],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,37219,1387],{"class":135},[44,37221,120],{"class":58},[44,37223,36384],{"class":116},[44,37225,83],{"class":58},[44,37227,29731],{"class":116},[44,37229,83],{"class":58},[44,37231,37232],{"class":116}," extra",[44,37234,129],{"class":58},[20,37236,29285,37237,37239],{},[15,37238,35978],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[981,37241,37243,37245],{"id":37242},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37244,35978],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37247,37248],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37250,37251],{},"Example with a string:",[35,37253,37255],{"className":37,"code":37254,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37256,37257,37283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37258,37259,37261,37263,37265,37268,37270,37272,37274,37276,37279,37281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37260,6459],{"class":1140},[44,37262,36050],{"class":50},[44,37264,83],{"class":58},[44,37266,37267],{"class":50}," char ",[44,37269,4385],{"class":1140},[44,37271,36060],{"class":135},[44,37273,120],{"class":58},[44,37275,63],{"class":62},[44,37277,37278],{"class":66},"cat",[44,37280,63],{"class":62},[44,37282,8837],{"class":58},[44,37284,37285,37287,37289,37291,37293,37296],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37286,1387],{"class":135},[44,37288,120],{"class":58},[44,37290,36075],{"class":116},[44,37292,83],{"class":58},[44,37294,37295],{"class":116}," char",[44,37297,129],{"class":58},[20,37299,2576],{},[35,37301,37303],{"className":37,"code":37302,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37304,37305,37311,37317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37306,37307,37309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37308,2626],{"class":95},[44,37310,36419],{"class":50},[44,37312,37313,37315],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37314,1588],{"class":95},[44,37316,36405],{"class":50},[44,37318,37319,37321],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,37320,2561],{"class":95},[44,37322,37323],{"class":50}," t\n",[20,37325,37326,37327,113],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[625,37328,5637],{"href":6087},[981,37330,37332],{"id":37331},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37334,37335,37336,113],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37337,35978],{},[20,37339,37340,37341,37343],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37342,6459],{}," loop:",[35,37345,37347],{"className":37,"code":37346,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37348,37349,37381,37385,37397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37350,37351,37353,37355,37357,37359,37361,37363,37365,37367,37369,37371,37373,37375,37377,37379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37352,13539],{"class":50},[44,37354,55],{"class":54},[44,37356,1556],{"class":58},[44,37358,63],{"class":62},[44,37360,13556],{"class":66},[44,37362,63],{"class":62},[44,37364,83],{"class":58},[44,37366,75],{"class":62},[44,37368,17907],{"class":66},[44,37370,63],{"class":62},[44,37372,83],{"class":58},[44,37374,75],{"class":62},[44,37376,13573],{"class":66},[44,37378,63],{"class":62},[44,37380,1153],{"class":58},[44,37382,37383],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37384,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,37386,37387,37389,37391,37393,37395],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,37388,6459],{"class":1140},[44,37390,36055],{"class":50},[44,37392,4385],{"class":1140},[44,37394,13587],{"class":50},[44,37396,1359],{"class":58},[44,37398,37399,37401,37403,37405],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,37400,1387],{"class":135},[44,37402,120],{"class":58},[44,37404,33117],{"class":116},[44,37406,129],{"class":58},[20,37408,37409],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[30,37411,3335],{"id":3334},[20,37413,37414],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[252,37416,37417,37422,37428,37433],{},[255,37418,23539,37419,37421],{},[15,37420,35978],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[255,37423,37424,37425,37427],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37426,2626],{}," by default",[255,37429,1785,37430,37432],{},[15,37431,35978],{}," when only values are needed",[255,37434,37435,37436,9200,37438],{},"Confusing ",[15,37437,35978],{},[15,37439,36428],{},[20,37441,37442],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[35,37444,37446],{"className":37,"code":37445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37447,37448,37470,37497,37531,37564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37449,37450,37452,37454,37456,37458,37460,37462,37464,37466,37468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37451,136],{"class":135},[44,37453,120],{"class":58},[44,37455,36272],{"class":135},[44,37457,3492],{"class":58},[44,37459,1559],{"class":95},[44,37461,83],{"class":58},[44,37463,646],{"class":95},[44,37465,83],{"class":58},[44,37467,1568],{"class":95},[44,37469,3505],{"class":58},[44,37471,37472,37474,37476,37478,37480,37482,37484,37486,37488,37490,37492,37494],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37473,136],{"class":135},[44,37475,120],{"class":58},[44,37477,8588],{"class":2248},[44,37479,120],{"class":58},[44,37481,36272],{"class":135},[44,37483,3492],{"class":58},[44,37485,1559],{"class":95},[44,37487,83],{"class":58},[44,37489,646],{"class":95},[44,37491,83],{"class":58},[44,37493,1568],{"class":95},[44,37495,37496],{"class":58},"])))\n",[44,37498,37499,37501,37503,37505,37507,37509,37511,37513,37515,37517,37519,37521,37523,37525,37527,37529],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,37500,136],{"class":135},[44,37502,120],{"class":58},[44,37504,8588],{"class":2248},[44,37506,120],{"class":58},[44,37508,36272],{"class":135},[44,37510,3492],{"class":58},[44,37512,1559],{"class":95},[44,37514,83],{"class":58},[44,37516,646],{"class":95},[44,37518,83],{"class":58},[44,37520,1568],{"class":95},[44,37522,18514],{"class":58},[44,37524,36281],{"class":9668},[44,37526,55],{"class":54},[44,37528,1588],{"class":95},[44,37530,3418],{"class":58},[44,37532,37533,37535,37537,37539,37541,37543,37545,37547,37549,37551,37553,37555,37557,37559,37561],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,37534,6459],{"class":1140},[44,37536,36359],{"class":50},[44,37538,83],{"class":58},[44,37540,22023],{"class":50},[44,37542,4385],{"class":1140},[44,37544,36060],{"class":135},[44,37546,3492],{"class":58},[44,37548,2197],{"class":62},[44,37550,625],{"class":66},[44,37552,2197],{"class":62},[44,37554,83],{"class":58},[44,37556,2232],{"class":62},[44,37558,639],{"class":66},[44,37560,2197],{"class":62},[44,37562,37563],{"class":58},"]):\n",[44,37565,37566,37568,37570,37572,37574,37576],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,37567,1387],{"class":135},[44,37569,120],{"class":58},[44,37571,36384],{"class":116},[44,37573,83],{"class":58},[44,37575,8928],{"class":116},[44,37577,129],{"class":58},[20,37579,17412],{},[35,37581,37583],{"className":37,"code":37582,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37584,37585,37605,37637,37669,37675],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37586,37587,37589,37591,37593,37596,37600,37603],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37588,3797],{"class":54},[44,37590,36272],{"class":135},[44,37592,25056],{"class":2248},[44,37594,37595],{"class":50}," at ",[44,37597,37599],{"class":37598},"srjyR","0x",[44,37601,37602],{"class":34680},"...",[44,37604,3809],{"class":54},[44,37606,37607,37609,37611,37613,37615,37617,37619,37621,37623,37625,37627,37629,37631,37633,37635],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37608,22178],{"class":58},[44,37610,2626],{"class":95},[44,37612,83],{"class":58},[44,37614,632],{"class":95},[44,37616,9725],{"class":58},[44,37618,9728],{"class":58},[44,37620,1588],{"class":95},[44,37622,83],{"class":58},[44,37624,646],{"class":95},[44,37626,9725],{"class":58},[44,37628,9728],{"class":58},[44,37630,2561],{"class":95},[44,37632,83],{"class":58},[44,37634,1568],{"class":95},[44,37636,9741],{"class":58},[44,37638,37639,37641,37643,37645,37647,37649,37651,37653,37655,37657,37659,37661,37663,37665,37667],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,37640,22178],{"class":58},[44,37642,1588],{"class":95},[44,37644,83],{"class":58},[44,37646,632],{"class":95},[44,37648,9725],{"class":58},[44,37650,9728],{"class":58},[44,37652,2561],{"class":95},[44,37654,83],{"class":58},[44,37656,646],{"class":95},[44,37658,9725],{"class":58},[44,37660,9728],{"class":58},[44,37662,2567],{"class":95},[44,37664,83],{"class":58},[44,37666,1568],{"class":95},[44,37668,9741],{"class":58},[44,37670,37671,37673],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,37672,2626],{"class":95},[44,37674,36405],{"class":50},[44,37676,37677,37679],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,37678,1588],{"class":95},[44,37680,36412],{"class":50},[30,37682,2301],{"id":2300},[981,37684,5643,37686,5646],{"id":37685},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37687,35978],{},[20,37689,37690],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[981,37692,2329,37694,37696],{"id":37693},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37695,35978],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37698,37699,37700,37702,37703,37706],{},"It starts at ",[15,37701,2626],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37704,37705],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[981,37708,21860,37710,2037,37712,2363],{"id":37709},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37711,35978],{},[15,37713,37714],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37716,36823,37717,37719],{},[15,37718,35978],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[981,37721,5671,37723,37725],{"id":37722},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37724,35978],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37727,37728,37729,37731],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37730,35978],{}," can return each character with its index.",[30,37733,2375],{"id":2374},[252,37735,37736,37740,37746,37753],{},[255,37737,37738],{},[625,37739,36258],{"href":36257},[255,37741,37742],{},[625,37743,4083,37744,4016],{"href":36425},[15,37745,36428],{},[255,37747,37748],{},[625,37749,37750,37751,36839],{"href":36835},"How to use ",[15,37752,35978],{},[255,37754,37755],{},[625,37756,5717],{"href":6087},[2414,37758,37759],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":37761},[37762,37763,37765,37766,37768,37770,37772,37779,37780,37790],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":36118,"depth":102,"text":37764},"What enumerate() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":36431,"depth":102,"text":37767},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36646,"depth":102,"text":37769},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36842,"depth":102,"text":37771},"Using the start argument",{"id":25793,"depth":102,"text":25794,"children":37773},[37774,37775,37776,37778],{"id":36982,"depth":132,"text":36983},{"id":37078,"depth":132,"text":37079},{"id":37242,"depth":132,"text":37777},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37331,"depth":132,"text":37332},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":37781},[37782,37784,37786,37788],{"id":37685,"depth":132,"text":37783},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37693,"depth":132,"text":37785},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37709,"depth":132,"text":37787},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37722,"depth":132,"text":37789},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35970,"description":37791},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37798,"title":37799,"body":37800,"description":40316,"extension":2465,"meta":40317,"navigation":169,"path":40318,"seo":40319,"stem":40320,"__hash__":40321},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37801,"toc":40273},[37802,37808,37813,37816,37824,37838,37840,37931,37939,37944,37949,37951,37967,37969,38048,38050,38067,38073,38077,38079,38100,38104,38107,38119,38123,38126,38129,38146,38149,38225,38227,38244,38249,38253,38261,38264,38279,38281,38370,38372,38417,38420,38424,38427,38506,38508,38530,38533,38540,38545,38548,38651,38653,38678,38681,38688,38694,38699,38702,38713,38819,38821,38842,38850,38857,38863,38882,38887,38890,38909,38911,38996,38998,39027,39030,39035,39040,39043,39054,39056,39145,39147,39167,39173,39279,39281,39301,39304,39388,39390,39410,39417,39419,39423,39429,39432,39489,39492,39495,39556,39565,39568,39571,39599,39602,39662,39664,39681,39685,39688,39766,39768,39788,39791,39866,39870,39873,39875,39884,39889,39891,39942,39950,39962,39967,40028,40030,40047,40051,40114,40116,40141,40149,40151,40157,40163,40170,40178,40184,40187,40194,40204,40210,40216,40219,40236,40242,40244,40270],[10,37803,4083,37805,4087],{"id":37804},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37806,37807],{},"filter()",[20,37809,37810,37812],{},[15,37811,37807],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37814,37815],{},"It takes:",[252,37817,37818,37821],{},[255,37819,37820],{},"a function that checks each item",[255,37822,37823],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37825,37826,37827,37830,37831,37834,37835,37837],{},"The result is ",[590,37828,37829],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37832,37833],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37836,25220],{}," to see the values.",[30,37839,2507],{"id":2506},[35,37841,37843],{"className":37,"code":37842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37844,37845,37878,37914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37846,37847,37849,37851,37853,37855,37857,37859,37861,37863,37865,37867,37869,37871,37873,37876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37848,1551],{"class":50},[44,37850,55],{"class":54},[44,37852,1556],{"class":58},[44,37854,1588],{"class":95},[44,37856,83],{"class":58},[44,37858,1717],{"class":95},[44,37860,83],{"class":58},[44,37862,2955],{"class":95},[44,37864,83],{"class":58},[44,37866,2961],{"class":95},[44,37868,83],{"class":58},[44,37870,5108],{"class":95},[44,37872,83],{"class":58},[44,37874,37875],{"class":95}," 6",[44,37877,1153],{"class":58},[44,37879,37880,37882,37884,37887,37889,37892,37896,37898,37900,37902,37904,37906,37908,37910,37912],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37881,1953],{"class":50},[44,37883,55],{"class":54},[44,37885,37886],{"class":135}," filter",[44,37888,120],{"class":58},[44,37890,37891],{"class":2570},"lambda",[44,37893,37895],{"class":37894},"sFwrP"," x",[44,37897,72],{"class":58},[44,37899,4382],{"class":116},[44,37901,6904],{"class":54},[44,37903,1717],{"class":95},[44,37905,6909],{"class":54},[44,37907,561],{"class":95},[44,37909,83],{"class":58},[44,37911,4767],{"class":116},[44,37913,129],{"class":58},[44,37915,37916,37918,37920,37922,37924,37926,37928],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,37917,136],{"class":135},[44,37919,120],{"class":58},[44,37921,8588],{"class":2248},[44,37923,120],{"class":58},[44,37925,1984],{"class":116},[44,37927,532],{"class":58},[44,37929,37930],{"class":147},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37932,37933,37935,37936,37938],{},[15,37934,37807],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37937,25220],{}," to see the results.",[30,37940,243,37942,246],{"id":37941},"what-filter-does",[15,37943,37807],{},[20,37945,37946,37948],{},[15,37947,37807],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37950,2613],{},[252,37952,37953,37956,37962],{},[255,37954,37955],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[255,37957,37958,37959,37961],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37960,4112],{},", the item is kept",[255,37963,37958,37964,37966],{},[15,37965,4178],{},", the item is removed",[20,37968,269],{},[35,37970,37972],{"className":37,"code":37971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37973,37974,38002,38006,38034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37975,37976,37978,37980,37982,37984,37986,37988,37990,37992,37994,37996,37998,38000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37977,1551],{"class":50},[44,37979,55],{"class":54},[44,37981,1556],{"class":58},[44,37983,1588],{"class":95},[44,37985,83],{"class":58},[44,37987,1717],{"class":95},[44,37989,83],{"class":58},[44,37991,2955],{"class":95},[44,37993,83],{"class":58},[44,37995,2961],{"class":95},[44,37997,83],{"class":58},[44,37999,5108],{"class":95},[44,38001,1153],{"class":58},[44,38003,38004],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38005,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,38007,38008,38010,38012,38014,38016,38018,38020,38022,38024,38026,38028,38030,38032],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,38009,1953],{"class":50},[44,38011,55],{"class":54},[44,38013,37886],{"class":135},[44,38015,120],{"class":58},[44,38017,37891],{"class":2570},[44,38019,37895],{"class":37894},[44,38021,72],{"class":58},[44,38023,4382],{"class":116},[44,38025,4756],{"class":54},[44,38027,2955],{"class":95},[44,38029,83],{"class":58},[44,38031,4767],{"class":116},[44,38033,129],{"class":58},[44,38035,38036,38038,38040,38042,38044,38046],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,38037,136],{"class":135},[44,38039,120],{"class":58},[44,38041,8588],{"class":2248},[44,38043,120],{"class":58},[44,38045,1984],{"class":116},[44,38047,2239],{"class":58},[20,38049,2576],{},[35,38051,38053],{"className":37,"code":38052,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[4, 5]\n",[15,38054,38055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38056,38057,38059,38061,38063,38065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38058,896],{"class":58},[44,38060,3008],{"class":95},[44,38062,83],{"class":58},[44,38064,5108],{"class":95},[44,38066,1153],{"class":58},[20,38068,38069,38070,38072],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,38071,2567],{}," are kept.",[30,38074,38076],{"id":38075},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,38078,2666],{},[35,38080,38082],{"className":37,"code":38081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,38083,38084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38085,38086,38088,38090,38093,38095,38098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38087,37833],{"class":135},[44,38089,120],{"class":58},[44,38091,38092],{"class":116},"function",[44,38094,83],{"class":58},[44,38096,38097],{"class":116}," iterable",[44,38099,129],{"class":58},[981,38101,38102],{"id":38092},[15,38103,38092],{},[20,38105,38106],{},"This is the test function.",[252,38108,38109,38112],{},[255,38110,38111],{},"It receives one item at a time",[255,38113,38114,38115,3384,38117],{},"It should return ",[15,38116,4112],{},[15,38118,4178],{},[981,38120,38121],{"id":4224},[15,38122,4224],{},[20,38124,38125],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,38127,38128],{},"It can be:",[252,38130,38131,38134,38137,38140,38143],{},[255,38132,38133],{},"a list",[255,38135,38136],{},"a tuple",[255,38138,38139],{},"a string",[255,38141,38142],{},"a set",[255,38144,38145],{},"another iterable object",[20,38147,38148],{},"Example with a tuple:",[35,38150,38152],{"className":37,"code":38151,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38153,38154,38179,38183,38211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38155,38156,38158,38160,38162,38164,38166,38169,38171,38173,38175,38177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38157,1551],{"class":50},[44,38159,55],{"class":54},[44,38161,9728],{"class":58},[44,38163,1559],{"class":95},[44,38165,83],{"class":58},[44,38167,38168],{"class":95}," 15",[44,38170,83],{"class":58},[44,38172,646],{"class":95},[44,38174,83],{"class":58},[44,38176,96],{"class":95},[44,38178,129],{"class":58},[44,38180,38181],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38182,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,38184,38185,38187,38189,38191,38193,38195,38197,38199,38201,38203,38205,38207,38209],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,38186,1953],{"class":50},[44,38188,55],{"class":54},[44,38190,37886],{"class":135},[44,38192,120],{"class":58},[44,38194,37891],{"class":2570},[44,38196,37895],{"class":37894},[44,38198,72],{"class":58},[44,38200,4382],{"class":116},[44,38202,5599],{"class":54},[44,38204,646],{"class":95},[44,38206,83],{"class":58},[44,38208,4767],{"class":116},[44,38210,129],{"class":58},[44,38212,38213,38215,38217,38219,38221,38223],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,38214,136],{"class":135},[44,38216,120],{"class":58},[44,38218,8588],{"class":2248},[44,38220,120],{"class":58},[44,38222,1984],{"class":116},[44,38224,2239],{"class":58},[20,38226,2576],{},[35,38228,38230],{"className":37,"code":38229,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38231,38232],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38233,38234,38236,38238,38240,38242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38235,896],{"class":58},[44,38237,16210],{"class":95},[44,38239,83],{"class":58},[44,38241,96],{"class":95},[44,38243,1153],{"class":58},[20,38245,38246,38247,113],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[625,38248,5637],{"href":6087},[30,38250,38252],{"id":38251},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38254,38255,38256,22413,38258,113],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38257,37807],{},[590,38259,38260],{},"filter object",[20,38262,38263],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[252,38265,38266,38269,38274],{},[255,38267,38268],{},"loop through it",[255,38270,38271,38272],{},"convert it with ",[15,38273,25220],{},[255,38275,38271,38276],{},[15,38277,38278],{},"tuple()",[20,38280,269],{},[35,38282,38284],{"className":37,"code":38283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38285,38286,38328,38332,38342,38356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38287,38288,38290,38292,38294,38296,38298,38300,38302,38304,38306,38308,38310,38312,38314,38316,38318,38320,38322,38324,38326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38289,1953],{"class":50},[44,38291,55],{"class":54},[44,38293,37886],{"class":135},[44,38295,120],{"class":58},[44,38297,37891],{"class":2570},[44,38299,37895],{"class":37894},[44,38301,72],{"class":58},[44,38303,4382],{"class":116},[44,38305,4756],{"class":54},[44,38307,1717],{"class":95},[44,38309,83],{"class":58},[44,38311,1556],{"class":58},[44,38313,1588],{"class":95},[44,38315,83],{"class":58},[44,38317,1717],{"class":95},[44,38319,83],{"class":58},[44,38321,2955],{"class":95},[44,38323,83],{"class":58},[44,38325,2961],{"class":95},[44,38327,4391],{"class":58},[44,38329,38330],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38331,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,38333,38334,38336,38338,38340],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,38335,136],{"class":135},[44,38337,120],{"class":58},[44,38339,1984],{"class":116},[44,38341,129],{"class":58},[44,38343,38344,38346,38348,38350,38352,38354],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,38345,136],{"class":135},[44,38347,120],{"class":58},[44,38349,2249],{"class":2248},[44,38351,120],{"class":58},[44,38353,1984],{"class":116},[44,38355,2239],{"class":58},[44,38357,38358,38360,38362,38364,38366,38368],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,38359,136],{"class":135},[44,38361,120],{"class":58},[44,38363,8588],{"class":2248},[44,38365,120],{"class":58},[44,38367,1984],{"class":116},[44,38369,2239],{"class":58},[20,38371,2576],{},[35,38373,38375],{"className":37,"code":38374,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38376,38377,38391,38405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38378,38379,38381,38383,38385,38387,38389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38380,3797],{"class":54},[44,38382,37833],{"class":135},[44,38384,25056],{"class":2248},[44,38386,37595],{"class":50},[44,38388,37602],{"class":34680},[44,38390,3809],{"class":54},[44,38392,38393,38395,38397,38399,38401,38403],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38394,3797],{"class":54},[44,38396,3800],{"class":2570},[44,38398,2232],{"class":62},[44,38400,37833],{"class":66},[44,38402,2197],{"class":62},[44,38404,3809],{"class":54},[44,38406,38407,38409,38411,38413,38415],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,38408,896],{"class":58},[44,38410,2567],{"class":95},[44,38412,83],{"class":58},[44,38414,2961],{"class":95},[44,38416,1153],{"class":58},[20,38418,38419],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[981,38421,38423],{"id":38422},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38425,38426],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[35,38428,38430],{"className":37,"code":38429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38431,38432,38474,38478,38492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38433,38434,38436,38438,38440,38442,38444,38446,38448,38450,38452,38454,38456,38458,38460,38462,38464,38466,38468,38470,38472],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38435,1953],{"class":50},[44,38437,55],{"class":54},[44,38439,37886],{"class":135},[44,38441,120],{"class":58},[44,38443,37891],{"class":2570},[44,38445,37895],{"class":37894},[44,38447,72],{"class":58},[44,38449,4382],{"class":116},[44,38451,4756],{"class":54},[44,38453,1717],{"class":95},[44,38455,83],{"class":58},[44,38457,1556],{"class":58},[44,38459,1588],{"class":95},[44,38461,83],{"class":58},[44,38463,1717],{"class":95},[44,38465,83],{"class":58},[44,38467,2955],{"class":95},[44,38469,83],{"class":58},[44,38471,2961],{"class":95},[44,38473,4391],{"class":58},[44,38475,38476],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38477,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,38479,38480,38482,38484,38486,38488,38490],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,38481,136],{"class":135},[44,38483,120],{"class":58},[44,38485,8588],{"class":2248},[44,38487,120],{"class":58},[44,38489,1984],{"class":116},[44,38491,2239],{"class":58},[44,38493,38494,38496,38498,38500,38502,38504],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,38495,136],{"class":135},[44,38497,120],{"class":58},[44,38499,8588],{"class":2248},[44,38501,120],{"class":58},[44,38503,1984],{"class":116},[44,38505,2239],{"class":58},[20,38507,2576],{},[35,38509,38511],{"className":37,"code":38510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38512,38513,38525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38514,38515,38517,38519,38521,38523],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38516,896],{"class":58},[44,38518,2567],{"class":95},[44,38520,83],{"class":58},[44,38522,2961],{"class":95},[44,38524,1153],{"class":58},[44,38526,38527],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38528,38529],{"class":58},"[]\n",[20,38531,38532],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[30,38534,1785,38536,9200,38538],{"id":38535},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38537,37807],{},[15,38539,37891],{},[20,38541,15645,38542,38544],{},[15,38543,37891],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38546,38547],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[35,38549,38551],{"className":37,"code":38550,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38552,38553,38595,38599,38637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38554,38555,38557,38559,38561,38563,38565,38567,38569,38571,38574,38576,38578,38580,38582,38584,38586,38588,38591,38593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38556,4573],{"class":50},[44,38558,55],{"class":54},[44,38560,1556],{"class":58},[44,38562,63],{"class":62},[44,38564,4582],{"class":66},[44,38566,63],{"class":62},[44,38568,83],{"class":58},[44,38570,75],{"class":62},[44,38572,38573],{"class":66},"kiwi",[44,38575,63],{"class":62},[44,38577,83],{"class":58},[44,38579,75],{"class":62},[44,38581,4591],{"class":66},[44,38583,63],{"class":62},[44,38585,83],{"class":58},[44,38587,75],{"class":62},[44,38589,38590],{"class":66},"fig",[44,38592,63],{"class":62},[44,38594,1153],{"class":58},[44,38596,38597],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38598,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,38600,38601,38603,38605,38607,38609,38611,38614,38616,38619,38621,38624,38626,38629,38631,38633,38635],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,38602,1953],{"class":50},[44,38604,55],{"class":54},[44,38606,37886],{"class":135},[44,38608,120],{"class":58},[44,38610,37891],{"class":2570},[44,38612,38613],{"class":37894}," word",[44,38615,72],{"class":58},[44,38617,38618],{"class":135}," len",[44,38620,120],{"class":58},[44,38622,38623],{"class":116},"word",[44,38625,144],{"class":58},[44,38627,38628],{"class":54}," >",[44,38630,2961],{"class":95},[44,38632,83],{"class":58},[44,38634,6669],{"class":116},[44,38636,129],{"class":58},[44,38638,38639,38641,38643,38645,38647,38649],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,38640,136],{"class":135},[44,38642,120],{"class":58},[44,38644,8588],{"class":2248},[44,38646,120],{"class":58},[44,38648,1984],{"class":116},[44,38650,2239],{"class":58},[20,38652,2576],{},[35,38654,38656],{"className":37,"code":38655,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38657,38658],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38659,38660,38662,38664,38666,38668,38670,38672,38674,38676],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38661,896],{"class":58},[44,38663,2197],{"class":62},[44,38665,4582],{"class":66},[44,38667,2197],{"class":62},[44,38669,83],{"class":58},[44,38671,2232],{"class":62},[44,38673,4591],{"class":66},[44,38675,2197],{"class":62},[44,38677,1153],{"class":58},[20,38679,38680],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38682,38683,38684,113],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[625,38685,38687],{"href":38686},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[30,38689,1785,38691,38693],{"id":38690},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38692,37807],{}," with a named function",[20,38695,38696,38697,113],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38698,37891],{},[20,38700,38701],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[252,38703,38704,38707,38710],{},[255,38705,38706],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[255,38708,38709],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[255,38711,38712],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[35,38714,38716],{"className":37,"code":38715,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38717,38718,38731,38746,38750,38782,38801,38805],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38719,38720,38722,38725,38727,38729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38721,35079],{"class":2570},[44,38723,38724],{"class":35082}," is_even",[44,38726,120],{"class":58},[44,38728,2744],{"class":37894},[44,38730,8837],{"class":58},[44,38732,38733,38735,38737,38739,38741,38743],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38734,35090],{"class":1140},[44,38736,6888],{"class":50},[44,38738,6904],{"class":54},[44,38740,1717],{"class":95},[44,38742,6909],{"class":54},[44,38744,38745],{"class":95}," 0\n",[44,38747,38748],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,38749,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,38751,38752,38754,38756,38758,38760,38762,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772,38774,38776,38778,38780],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,38753,1551],{"class":50},[44,38755,55],{"class":54},[44,38757,1556],{"class":58},[44,38759,1588],{"class":95},[44,38761,83],{"class":58},[44,38763,1717],{"class":95},[44,38765,83],{"class":58},[44,38767,2955],{"class":95},[44,38769,83],{"class":58},[44,38771,2961],{"class":95},[44,38773,83],{"class":58},[44,38775,5108],{"class":95},[44,38777,83],{"class":58},[44,38779,37875],{"class":95},[44,38781,1153],{"class":58},[44,38783,38784,38786,38788,38790,38792,38795,38797,38799],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,38785,1953],{"class":50},[44,38787,55],{"class":54},[44,38789,37886],{"class":135},[44,38791,120],{"class":58},[44,38793,38794],{"class":116},"is_even",[44,38796,83],{"class":58},[44,38798,4767],{"class":116},[44,38800,129],{"class":58},[44,38802,38803],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,38804,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,38806,38807,38809,38811,38813,38815,38817],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,38808,136],{"class":135},[44,38810,120],{"class":58},[44,38812,8588],{"class":2248},[44,38814,120],{"class":58},[44,38816,1984],{"class":116},[44,38818,2239],{"class":58},[20,38820,2576],{},[35,38822,38824],{"className":37,"code":38823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38825,38826],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38827,38828,38830,38832,38834,38836,38838,38840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38829,896],{"class":58},[44,38831,2561],{"class":95},[44,38833,83],{"class":58},[44,38835,2961],{"class":95},[44,38837,83],{"class":58},[44,38839,37875],{"class":95},[44,38841,1153],{"class":58},[20,38843,381,38844,2901,38847,38849],{},[15,38845,38846],{},"is_even()",[15,38848,4112],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[30,38851,1785,38853,9200,38855],{"id":38852},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38854,4282],{},[15,38856,37807],{},[20,38858,38859,38860,38862],{},"You can pass ",[15,38861,4282],{}," as the first argument:",[35,38864,38866],{"className":37,"code":38865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38867,38868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38869,38870,38872,38874,38876,38878,38880],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38871,37833],{"class":135},[44,38873,120],{"class":58},[44,38875,4282],{"class":1266},[44,38877,83],{"class":58},[44,38879,38097],{"class":116},[44,38881,129],{"class":58},[20,38883,38884,38885,7836],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[590,38886,6097],{},[20,38888,38889],{},"Falsy values include:",[252,38891,38892,38896,38901,38905],{},[255,38893,38894],{},[15,38895,2626],{},[255,38897,38898,38900],{},[15,38899,4277],{}," (empty string)",[255,38902,38903],{},[15,38904,4282],{},[255,38906,38907],{},[15,38908,4178],{},[20,38910,269],{},[35,38912,38914],{"className":37,"code":38913,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38915,38916,38960,38964,38982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38917,38918,38920,38922,38924,38926,38928,38930,38932,38934,38936,38938,38940,38942,38944,38946,38948,38950,38952,38954,38956,38958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38919,8276],{"class":50},[44,38921,55],{"class":54},[44,38923,1556],{"class":58},[44,38925,2626],{"class":95},[44,38927,83],{"class":58},[44,38929,1703],{"class":95},[44,38931,83],{"class":58},[44,38933,6627],{"class":62},[44,38935,83],{"class":58},[44,38937,75],{"class":62},[44,38939,4349],{"class":66},[44,38941,63],{"class":62},[44,38943,83],{"class":58},[44,38945,1267],{"class":1266},[44,38947,83],{"class":58},[44,38949,4418],{"class":1266},[44,38951,83],{"class":58},[44,38953,4409],{"class":1266},[44,38955,83],{"class":58},[44,38957,5108],{"class":95},[44,38959,1153],{"class":58},[44,38961,38962],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38963,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,38965,38966,38968,38970,38972,38974,38976,38978,38980],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,38967,1953],{"class":50},[44,38969,55],{"class":54},[44,38971,37886],{"class":135},[44,38973,120],{"class":58},[44,38975,4282],{"class":1266},[44,38977,83],{"class":58},[44,38979,6467],{"class":116},[44,38981,129],{"class":58},[44,38983,38984,38986,38988,38990,38992,38994],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,38985,136],{"class":135},[44,38987,120],{"class":58},[44,38989,8588],{"class":2248},[44,38991,120],{"class":58},[44,38993,1984],{"class":116},[44,38995,2239],{"class":58},[20,38997,2576],{},[35,38999,39001],{"className":37,"code":39000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,39002,39003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39004,39005,39007,39009,39011,39013,39015,39017,39019,39021,39023,39025],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39006,896],{"class":58},[44,39008,1588],{"class":95},[44,39010,83],{"class":58},[44,39012,2232],{"class":62},[44,39014,4349],{"class":66},[44,39016,2197],{"class":62},[44,39018,83],{"class":58},[44,39020,4418],{"class":1266},[44,39022,83],{"class":58},[44,39024,5108],{"class":95},[44,39026,1153],{"class":58},[20,39028,39029],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[30,39031,769,39033],{"id":39032},"when-to-use-filter",[15,39034,37807],{},[20,39036,227,39037,39039],{},[15,39038,37807],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,39041,39042],{},"It works well for:",[252,39044,39045,39048,39051],{},[255,39046,39047],{},"simple filtering rules",[255,39049,39050],{},"quick data cleaning",[255,39052,39053],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,39055,269],{},[35,39057,39059],{"className":37,"code":39058,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,39060,39061,39093,39126,39130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39062,39063,39065,39067,39069,39071,39073,39075,39077,39079,39081,39083,39085,39087,39089,39091],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39064,1551],{"class":50},[44,39066,55],{"class":54},[44,39068,1556],{"class":58},[44,39070,1588],{"class":95},[44,39072,83],{"class":58},[44,39074,1717],{"class":95},[44,39076,83],{"class":58},[44,39078,2955],{"class":95},[44,39080,83],{"class":58},[44,39082,2961],{"class":95},[44,39084,83],{"class":58},[44,39086,5108],{"class":95},[44,39088,83],{"class":58},[44,39090,37875],{"class":95},[44,39092,1153],{"class":58},[44,39094,39095,39098,39100,39102,39104,39106,39108,39110,39112,39114,39116,39118,39120,39122,39124],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39096,39097],{"class":50},"evens ",[44,39099,55],{"class":54},[44,39101,37886],{"class":135},[44,39103,120],{"class":58},[44,39105,37891],{"class":2570},[44,39107,37895],{"class":37894},[44,39109,72],{"class":58},[44,39111,4382],{"class":116},[44,39113,6904],{"class":54},[44,39115,1717],{"class":95},[44,39117,6909],{"class":54},[44,39119,561],{"class":95},[44,39121,83],{"class":58},[44,39123,4767],{"class":116},[44,39125,129],{"class":58},[44,39127,39128],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,39129,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,39131,39132,39134,39136,39138,39140,39143],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,39133,136],{"class":135},[44,39135,120],{"class":58},[44,39137,8588],{"class":2248},[44,39139,120],{"class":58},[44,39141,39142],{"class":116},"evens",[44,39144,2239],{"class":58},[20,39146,2576],{},[35,39148,39149],{"className":37,"code":38823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39150,39151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39152,39153,39155,39157,39159,39161,39163,39165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39154,896],{"class":58},[44,39156,2561],{"class":95},[44,39158,83],{"class":58},[44,39160,2961],{"class":95},[44,39162,83],{"class":58},[44,39164,37875],{"class":95},[44,39166,1153],{"class":58},[20,39168,39169,39170,39172],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39171,6459],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[35,39174,39176],{"className":37,"code":39175,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39177,39178,39210,39218,39222,39234,39250,39265,39269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39179,39180,39182,39184,39186,39188,39190,39192,39194,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39181,1551],{"class":50},[44,39183,55],{"class":54},[44,39185,1556],{"class":58},[44,39187,1588],{"class":95},[44,39189,83],{"class":58},[44,39191,1717],{"class":95},[44,39193,83],{"class":58},[44,39195,2955],{"class":95},[44,39197,83],{"class":58},[44,39199,2961],{"class":95},[44,39201,83],{"class":58},[44,39203,5108],{"class":95},[44,39205,83],{"class":58},[44,39207,37875],{"class":95},[44,39209,1153],{"class":58},[44,39211,39212,39214,39216],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39213,39097],{"class":50},[44,39215,55],{"class":54},[44,39217,8334],{"class":58},[44,39219,39220],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,39221,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,39223,39224,39226,39228,39230,39232],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,39225,6459],{"class":1140},[44,39227,6888],{"class":50},[44,39229,4385],{"class":1140},[44,39231,4767],{"class":50},[44,39233,1359],{"class":58},[44,39235,39236,39238,39240,39242,39244,39246,39248],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,39237,6899],{"class":1140},[44,39239,6888],{"class":50},[44,39241,6904],{"class":54},[44,39243,1717],{"class":95},[44,39245,6909],{"class":54},[44,39247,561],{"class":95},[44,39249,1359],{"class":58},[44,39251,39252,39255,39257,39259,39261,39263],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,39253,39254],{"class":50},"        evens",[44,39256,113],{"class":58},[44,39258,14012],{"class":116},[44,39260,120],{"class":58},[44,39262,2744],{"class":116},[44,39264,129],{"class":58},[44,39266,39267],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,39268,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,39270,39271,39273,39275,39277],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,39272,136],{"class":135},[44,39274,120],{"class":58},[44,39276,39142],{"class":116},[44,39278,129],{"class":58},[20,39280,2576],{},[35,39282,39283],{"className":37,"code":38823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39284,39285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39286,39287,39289,39291,39293,39295,39297,39299],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39288,896],{"class":58},[44,39290,2561],{"class":95},[44,39292,83],{"class":58},[44,39294,2961],{"class":95},[44,39296,83],{"class":58},[44,39298,37875],{"class":95},[44,39300,1153],{"class":58},[20,39302,39303],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[35,39305,39307],{"className":37,"code":39306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39308,39309,39341,39374,39378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39310,39311,39313,39315,39317,39319,39321,39323,39325,39327,39329,39331,39333,39335,39337,39339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39312,1551],{"class":50},[44,39314,55],{"class":54},[44,39316,1556],{"class":58},[44,39318,1588],{"class":95},[44,39320,83],{"class":58},[44,39322,1717],{"class":95},[44,39324,83],{"class":58},[44,39326,2955],{"class":95},[44,39328,83],{"class":58},[44,39330,2961],{"class":95},[44,39332,83],{"class":58},[44,39334,5108],{"class":95},[44,39336,83],{"class":58},[44,39338,37875],{"class":95},[44,39340,1153],{"class":58},[44,39342,39343,39345,39347,39349,39351,39353,39355,39357,39360,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39344,39097],{"class":50},[44,39346,55],{"class":54},[44,39348,1556],{"class":58},[44,39350,2723],{"class":50},[44,39352,6459],{"class":1140},[44,39354,6888],{"class":50},[44,39356,4385],{"class":1140},[44,39358,39359],{"class":50}," numbers ",[44,39361,1345],{"class":1140},[44,39363,6888],{"class":50},[44,39365,6904],{"class":54},[44,39367,1717],{"class":95},[44,39369,6909],{"class":54},[44,39371,561],{"class":95},[44,39373,1153],{"class":58},[44,39375,39376],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,39377,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,39379,39380,39382,39384,39386],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,39381,136],{"class":135},[44,39383,120],{"class":58},[44,39385,39142],{"class":116},[44,39387,129],{"class":58},[20,39389,2576],{},[35,39391,39392],{"className":37,"code":38823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39393,39394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39395,39396,39398,39400,39402,39404,39406,39408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39397,896],{"class":58},[44,39399,2561],{"class":95},[44,39401,83],{"class":58},[44,39403,2961],{"class":95},[44,39405,83],{"class":58},[44,39407,37875],{"class":95},[44,39409,1153],{"class":58},[20,39411,39412,39413,113],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[625,39414,39416],{"href":39415},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[30,39418,3335],{"id":3334},[20,39420,15191,39421,113],{},[15,39422,37807],{},[981,39424,1904,39426,39428],{"id":39425},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39427,37807],{}," to return a list",[20,39430,39431],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[35,39433,39435],{"className":37,"code":39434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39436,39437,39479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39438,39439,39441,39443,39445,39447,39449,39451,39453,39455,39457,39459,39461,39463,39465,39467,39469,39471,39473,39475,39477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39440,1953],{"class":50},[44,39442,55],{"class":54},[44,39444,37886],{"class":135},[44,39446,120],{"class":58},[44,39448,37891],{"class":2570},[44,39450,37895],{"class":37894},[44,39452,72],{"class":58},[44,39454,4382],{"class":116},[44,39456,4756],{"class":54},[44,39458,1717],{"class":95},[44,39460,83],{"class":58},[44,39462,1556],{"class":58},[44,39464,1588],{"class":95},[44,39466,83],{"class":58},[44,39468,1717],{"class":95},[44,39470,83],{"class":58},[44,39472,2955],{"class":95},[44,39474,83],{"class":58},[44,39476,2961],{"class":95},[44,39478,4391],{"class":58},[44,39480,39481,39483,39485,39487],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39482,136],{"class":135},[44,39484,120],{"class":58},[44,39486,1984],{"class":116},[44,39488,129],{"class":58},[20,39490,39491],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39493,39494],{},"Fix:",[35,39496,39498],{"className":37,"code":39497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39499,39500,39542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39501,39502,39504,39506,39508,39510,39512,39514,39516,39518,39520,39522,39524,39526,39528,39530,39532,39534,39536,39538,39540],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39503,1953],{"class":50},[44,39505,55],{"class":54},[44,39507,37886],{"class":135},[44,39509,120],{"class":58},[44,39511,37891],{"class":2570},[44,39513,37895],{"class":37894},[44,39515,72],{"class":58},[44,39517,4382],{"class":116},[44,39519,4756],{"class":54},[44,39521,1717],{"class":95},[44,39523,83],{"class":58},[44,39525,1556],{"class":58},[44,39527,1588],{"class":95},[44,39529,83],{"class":58},[44,39531,1717],{"class":95},[44,39533,83],{"class":58},[44,39535,2955],{"class":95},[44,39537,83],{"class":58},[44,39539,2961],{"class":95},[44,39541,4391],{"class":58},[44,39543,39544,39546,39548,39550,39552,39554],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39545,136],{"class":135},[44,39547,120],{"class":58},[44,39549,8588],{"class":2248},[44,39551,120],{"class":58},[44,39553,1984],{"class":116},[44,39555,2239],{"class":58},[981,39557,39559,39560,3384,39562,39564],{"id":39558},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39561,4112],{},[15,39563,4178],{}," clearly",[20,39566,39567],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39569,39570],{},"Good example:",[35,39572,39574],{"className":37,"code":39573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39575,39576,39589],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39577,39578,39580,39583,39585,39587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39579,35079],{"class":2570},[44,39581,39582],{"class":35082}," is_positive",[44,39584,120],{"class":58},[44,39586,2744],{"class":37894},[44,39588,8837],{"class":58},[44,39590,39591,39593,39595,39597],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39592,35090],{"class":1140},[44,39594,6888],{"class":50},[44,39596,4756],{"class":54},[44,39598,38745],{"class":95},[20,39600,39601],{},"Then use it with:",[35,39603,39605],{"className":37,"code":39604,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39606,39607,39639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39608,39609,39611,39613,39615,39617,39619,39621,39623,39625,39627,39629,39631,39633,39635,39637],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39610,1551],{"class":50},[44,39612,55],{"class":54},[44,39614,1556],{"class":58},[44,39616,2526],{"class":54},[44,39618,2561],{"class":95},[44,39620,83],{"class":58},[44,39622,908],{"class":54},[44,39624,1588],{"class":95},[44,39626,83],{"class":58},[44,39628,561],{"class":95},[44,39630,83],{"class":58},[44,39632,1703],{"class":95},[44,39634,83],{"class":58},[44,39636,1717],{"class":95},[44,39638,1153],{"class":58},[44,39640,39641,39643,39645,39647,39649,39651,39653,39656,39658,39660],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39642,136],{"class":135},[44,39644,120],{"class":58},[44,39646,8588],{"class":2248},[44,39648,120],{"class":58},[44,39650,37833],{"class":135},[44,39652,120],{"class":58},[44,39654,39655],{"class":116},"is_positive",[44,39657,83],{"class":58},[44,39659,4767],{"class":116},[44,39661,3418],{"class":58},[20,39663,2576],{},[35,39665,39667],{"className":37,"code":39666,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39668,39669],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39670,39671,39673,39675,39677,39679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39672,896],{"class":58},[44,39674,1588],{"class":95},[44,39676,83],{"class":58},[44,39678,1717],{"class":95},[44,39680,1153],{"class":58},[981,39682,39684],{"id":39683},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39686,39687],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[35,39689,39690],{"className":37,"code":38429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39691,39692,39734,39738,39752],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39693,39694,39696,39698,39700,39702,39704,39706,39708,39710,39712,39714,39716,39718,39720,39722,39724,39726,39728,39730,39732],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39695,1953],{"class":50},[44,39697,55],{"class":54},[44,39699,37886],{"class":135},[44,39701,120],{"class":58},[44,39703,37891],{"class":2570},[44,39705,37895],{"class":37894},[44,39707,72],{"class":58},[44,39709,4382],{"class":116},[44,39711,4756],{"class":54},[44,39713,1717],{"class":95},[44,39715,83],{"class":58},[44,39717,1556],{"class":58},[44,39719,1588],{"class":95},[44,39721,83],{"class":58},[44,39723,1717],{"class":95},[44,39725,83],{"class":58},[44,39727,2955],{"class":95},[44,39729,83],{"class":58},[44,39731,2961],{"class":95},[44,39733,4391],{"class":58},[44,39735,39736],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39737,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,39739,39740,39742,39744,39746,39748,39750],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,39741,136],{"class":135},[44,39743,120],{"class":58},[44,39745,8588],{"class":2248},[44,39747,120],{"class":58},[44,39749,1984],{"class":116},[44,39751,2239],{"class":58},[44,39753,39754,39756,39758,39760,39762,39764],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,39755,136],{"class":135},[44,39757,120],{"class":58},[44,39759,8588],{"class":2248},[44,39761,120],{"class":58},[44,39763,1984],{"class":116},[44,39765,2239],{"class":58},[20,39767,2576],{},[35,39769,39770],{"className":37,"code":38510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39771,39772,39784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39773,39774,39776,39778,39780,39782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39775,896],{"class":58},[44,39777,2567],{"class":95},[44,39779,83],{"class":58},[44,39781,2961],{"class":95},[44,39783,1153],{"class":58},[44,39785,39786],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39787,38529],{"class":58},[20,39789,39790],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[35,39792,39794],{"className":37,"code":39793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39795,39796,39842,39846,39856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39797,39798,39800,39802,39804,39806,39808,39810,39812,39814,39816,39818,39820,39822,39824,39826,39828,39830,39832,39834,39836,39838,39840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39799,1953],{"class":50},[44,39801,55],{"class":54},[44,39803,22998],{"class":2248},[44,39805,120],{"class":58},[44,39807,37833],{"class":135},[44,39809,120],{"class":58},[44,39811,37891],{"class":2570},[44,39813,37895],{"class":37894},[44,39815,72],{"class":58},[44,39817,4382],{"class":116},[44,39819,4756],{"class":54},[44,39821,1717],{"class":95},[44,39823,83],{"class":58},[44,39825,1556],{"class":58},[44,39827,1588],{"class":95},[44,39829,83],{"class":58},[44,39831,1717],{"class":95},[44,39833,83],{"class":58},[44,39835,2955],{"class":95},[44,39837,83],{"class":58},[44,39839,2961],{"class":95},[44,39841,3505],{"class":58},[44,39843,39844],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39845,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,39847,39848,39850,39852,39854],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,39849,136],{"class":135},[44,39851,120],{"class":58},[44,39853,1984],{"class":116},[44,39855,129],{"class":58},[44,39857,39858,39860,39862,39864],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,39859,136],{"class":135},[44,39861,120],{"class":58},[44,39863,1984],{"class":116},[44,39865,129],{"class":58},[981,39867,39869],{"id":39868},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39871,39872],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39874,17098],{},[35,39876,39878],{"className":37,"code":39877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39879,39880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39881,39882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39883,39877],{"class":147},[20,39885,39886,39887,7050],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39888,1559],{},[20,39890,17110],{},[35,39892,39894],{"className":37,"code":39893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39895,39896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39897,39898,39900,39902,39904,39906,39908,39910,39912,39914,39916,39918,39920,39922,39924,39926,39928,39930,39932,39934,39936,39938,39940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39899,136],{"class":135},[44,39901,120],{"class":58},[44,39903,8588],{"class":2248},[44,39905,120],{"class":58},[44,39907,37833],{"class":135},[44,39909,120],{"class":58},[44,39911,37891],{"class":2570},[44,39913,37895],{"class":37894},[44,39915,72],{"class":58},[44,39917,4382],{"class":116},[44,39919,4756],{"class":54},[44,39921,1717],{"class":95},[44,39923,83],{"class":58},[44,39925,1556],{"class":58},[44,39927,1588],{"class":95},[44,39929,83],{"class":58},[44,39931,1717],{"class":95},[44,39933,83],{"class":58},[44,39935,2955],{"class":95},[44,39937,83],{"class":58},[44,39939,2961],{"class":95},[44,39941,37496],{"class":58},[981,39943,37435,39945,9200,39947],{"id":39944},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39946,37807],{},[15,39948,39949],{},"map()",[252,39951,39952,39957],{},[255,39953,39954,39956],{},[15,39955,37807],{}," keeps or removes items",[255,39958,39959,39961],{},[15,39960,39949],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39963,39964,39965,72],{},"Example of ",[15,39966,37807],{},[35,39968,39970],{"className":37,"code":39969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39971,39972,39996],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39973,39974,39976,39978,39980,39982,39984,39986,39988,39990,39992,39994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39975,1551],{"class":50},[44,39977,55],{"class":54},[44,39979,1556],{"class":58},[44,39981,1588],{"class":95},[44,39983,83],{"class":58},[44,39985,1717],{"class":95},[44,39987,83],{"class":58},[44,39989,2955],{"class":95},[44,39991,83],{"class":58},[44,39993,2961],{"class":95},[44,39995,1153],{"class":58},[44,39997,39998,40000,40002,40004,40006,40008,40010,40012,40014,40016,40018,40020,40022,40024,40026],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39999,136],{"class":135},[44,40001,120],{"class":58},[44,40003,8588],{"class":2248},[44,40005,120],{"class":58},[44,40007,37833],{"class":135},[44,40009,120],{"class":58},[44,40011,37891],{"class":2570},[44,40013,37895],{"class":37894},[44,40015,72],{"class":58},[44,40017,4382],{"class":116},[44,40019,4756],{"class":54},[44,40021,1717],{"class":95},[44,40023,83],{"class":58},[44,40025,4767],{"class":116},[44,40027,3418],{"class":58},[20,40029,2576],{},[35,40031,40033],{"className":37,"code":40032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 4]\n",[15,40034,40035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40036,40037,40039,40041,40043,40045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40038,896],{"class":58},[44,40040,2567],{"class":95},[44,40042,83],{"class":58},[44,40044,2961],{"class":95},[44,40046,1153],{"class":58},[20,40048,39964,40049,72],{},[15,40050,39949],{},[35,40052,40054],{"className":37,"code":40053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40055,40056,40080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40057,40058,40060,40062,40064,40066,40068,40070,40072,40074,40076,40078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40059,1551],{"class":50},[44,40061,55],{"class":54},[44,40063,1556],{"class":58},[44,40065,1588],{"class":95},[44,40067,83],{"class":58},[44,40069,1717],{"class":95},[44,40071,83],{"class":58},[44,40073,2955],{"class":95},[44,40075,83],{"class":58},[44,40077,2961],{"class":95},[44,40079,1153],{"class":58},[44,40081,40082,40084,40086,40088,40090,40093,40095,40097,40099,40101,40103,40106,40108,40110,40112],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40083,136],{"class":135},[44,40085,120],{"class":58},[44,40087,8588],{"class":2248},[44,40089,120],{"class":58},[44,40091,40092],{"class":135},"map",[44,40094,120],{"class":58},[44,40096,37891],{"class":2570},[44,40098,37895],{"class":37894},[44,40100,72],{"class":58},[44,40102,4382],{"class":116},[44,40104,40105],{"class":54},"*",[44,40107,1717],{"class":95},[44,40109,83],{"class":58},[44,40111,4767],{"class":116},[44,40113,3418],{"class":58},[20,40115,2576],{},[35,40117,40119],{"className":37,"code":40118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,40120,40121],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40122,40123,40125,40127,40129,40131,40133,40135,40137,40139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40124,896],{"class":58},[44,40126,2561],{"class":95},[44,40128,83],{"class":58},[44,40130,2961],{"class":95},[44,40132,83],{"class":58},[44,40134,37875],{"class":95},[44,40136,83],{"class":58},[44,40138,6861],{"class":95},[44,40140,1153],{"class":58},[20,40142,40143,40144,113],{},"For the related function, see ",[625,40145,4083,40147,4016],{"href":40146},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40148,39949],{},[30,40150,2301],{"id":2300},[981,40152,2329,40154,40156],{"id":40153},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40155,37807],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40158,40159,40160,40162],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40161,25220],{}," if needed.",[981,40164,40166,40167,40169],{"id":40165},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40168,37807],{}," need to return?",[20,40171,38114,40172,40174,40175,40177],{},[15,40173,4112],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40176,4178],{}," to remove it.",[981,40179,2339,40181,40183],{"id":40180},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40182,37807],{}," without lambda?",[20,40185,40186],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[981,40188,5643,40190,40193],{"id":40189},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40191,40192],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40195,40196,40197,40199,40200,17526,40202,113],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40198,2626],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40201,4282],{},[15,40203,4178],{},[981,40205,21860,40207,40209],{"id":40206},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40208,37807],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40211,40212,40213,40215],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40214,6459],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40217,40218],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[252,40220,40221,40227,40233],{},[255,40222,40223,40224,40226],{},"use ",[15,40225,37807],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[255,40228,40229,40230,40232],{},"use a ",[15,40231,6459],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[255,40234,40235],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40237,40238,40239,113],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[625,40240,5633],{"href":40241},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[30,40243,2375],{"id":2374},[252,40245,40246,40251,40255,40260,40266],{},[255,40247,40248],{},[625,40249,40250],{"href":38686},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[255,40252,40253],{},[625,40254,5722],{"href":40241},[255,40256,40257],{},[625,40258,40259],{"href":39415},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[255,40261,40262],{},[625,40263,4083,40264,4016],{"href":40146},[15,40265,39949],{},[255,40267,40268],{},[625,40269,5717],{"href":6087},[2414,40271,40272],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":40274},[40275,40276,40278,40282,40285,40287,40289,40291,40293,40303,40315],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":37941,"depth":102,"text":40277},"What filter() does",{"id":38075,"depth":102,"text":38076,"children":40279},[40280,40281],{"id":38092,"depth":132,"text":38092},{"id":4224,"depth":132,"text":4224},{"id":38251,"depth":102,"text":38252,"children":40283},[40284],{"id":38422,"depth":132,"text":38423},{"id":38535,"depth":102,"text":40286},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38690,"depth":102,"text":40288},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38852,"depth":102,"text":40290},"Using None with filter()",{"id":39032,"depth":102,"text":40292},"When to use filter()",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":40294},[40295,40297,40299,40300,40301],{"id":39425,"depth":132,"text":40296},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39558,"depth":132,"text":40298},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39683,"depth":132,"text":39684},{"id":39868,"depth":132,"text":39869},{"id":39944,"depth":132,"text":40302},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":40304},[40305,40307,40309,40311,40313],{"id":40153,"depth":132,"text":40306},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40165,"depth":132,"text":40308},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40180,"depth":132,"text":40310},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40189,"depth":132,"text":40312},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40206,"depth":132,"text":40314},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37799,"description":40316},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40323,"title":40324,"body":40325,"description":42478,"extension":2465,"meta":42479,"navigation":169,"path":42480,"seo":42481,"stem":42482,"__hash__":42483},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40326,"toc":42432},[40327,40330,40335,40341,40343,40395,40397,40416,40421,40425,40430,40433,40448,40451,40473,40475,40524,40526,40550,40552,40554,40569,40574,40582,40597,40599,40608,40611,40646,40650,40655,40659,40666,40701,40703,40719,40723,40726,40767,40769,40783,40787,40790,40814,40816,40825,40829,40832,40865,40867,40880,40884,40890,40909,40911,40919,40923,40928,40932,40938,40961,40963,40992,40995,41014,41018,41021,41048,41050,41084,41088,41091,41115,41119,41130,41132,41137,41143,41145,41229,41231,41273,41276,41280,41287,41296,41352,41359,41368,41373,41377,41448,41450,41459,41463,41466,41510,41512,41521,41525,41531,41581,41585,41590,41594,41618,41620,41629,41633,41657,41659,41670,41674,41698,41700,41709,41712,41729,41735,41739,41745,41748,41753,41756,41777,41779,41811,41814,41819,41821,41832,41834,41878,41882,41889,41941,41943,41952,41956,41959,42052,42055,42079,42083,42086,42178,42183,42187,42194,42199,42223,42225,42234,42239,42262,42264,42272,42279,42302,42310,42312,42325,42335,42337,42341,42348,42352,42361,42365,42372,42376,42380,42384,42397,42399,42429],[10,40328,40324],{"id":40329},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40331,9616,40332,40334],{},[15,40333,3390],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40336,40337,40338,40340],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40339,3390],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[30,40342,2507],{"id":2506},[35,40344,40346],{"className":37,"code":40345,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40347,40348,40362,40381],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40349,40350,40352,40354,40356,40358,40360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40351,136],{"class":135},[44,40353,120],{"class":58},[44,40355,2698],{"class":2248},[44,40357,120],{"class":58},[44,40359,2643],{"class":95},[44,40361,2239],{"class":58},[44,40363,40364,40366,40368,40370,40372,40374,40377,40379],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40365,136],{"class":135},[44,40367,120],{"class":58},[44,40369,2698],{"class":2248},[44,40371,120],{"class":58},[44,40373,63],{"class":62},[44,40375,40376],{"class":66},"3.14",[44,40378,63],{"class":62},[44,40380,2239],{"class":58},[44,40382,40383,40385,40387,40389,40391,40393],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,40384,136],{"class":135},[44,40386,120],{"class":58},[44,40388,2698],{"class":2248},[44,40390,120],{"class":58},[44,40392,4112],{"class":1266},[44,40394,2239],{"class":58},[20,40396,2576],{},[35,40398,40400],{"className":37,"code":40399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40401,40402,40406,40411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40403,40404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40405,2983],{"class":95},[44,40407,40408],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40409,40410],{"class":95},"3.14\n",[44,40412,40413],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,40414,40415],{"class":95},"1.0\n",[20,40417,227,40418,40420],{},[15,40419,3390],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[30,40422,40424],{"id":40423},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40426,40427,40429],{},[15,40428,3390],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40431,40432],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[252,40434,40435,40439,40443],{},[255,40436,40437],{},[15,40438,2995],{},[255,40440,40441],{},[15,40442,40376],{},[255,40444,40445],{},[15,40446,40447],{},"0.5",[20,40449,40450],{},"A few key points:",[252,40452,40453,40460,40463,40466],{},[255,40454,40455,40457,40458],{},[15,40456,3390],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40459,2698],{},[255,40461,40462],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[255,40464,40465],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[255,40467,40468,40469],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[625,40470,40471],{"href":8714},[15,40472,3464],{},[20,40474,269],{},[35,40476,40478],{"className":37,"code":40477,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40479,40480,40500,40510],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40481,40482,40484,40486,40489,40491,40493,40496,40498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40483,2723],{"class":50},[44,40485,55],{"class":54},[44,40487,40488],{"class":2248}," float",[44,40490,120],{"class":58},[44,40492,63],{"class":62},[44,40494,40495],{"class":66},"2.75",[44,40497,63],{"class":62},[44,40499,129],{"class":58},[44,40501,40502,40504,40506,40508],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40503,136],{"class":135},[44,40505,120],{"class":58},[44,40507,2744],{"class":116},[44,40509,129],{"class":58},[44,40511,40512,40514,40516,40518,40520,40522],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,40513,136],{"class":135},[44,40515,120],{"class":58},[44,40517,2249],{"class":2248},[44,40519,120],{"class":58},[44,40521,2744],{"class":116},[44,40523,2239],{"class":58},[20,40525,2576],{},[35,40527,40529],{"className":37,"code":40528,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40530,40531,40536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40532,40533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40534,40535],{"class":95},"2.75\n",[44,40537,40538,40540,40542,40544,40546,40548],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40539,3797],{"class":54},[44,40541,3800],{"class":2570},[44,40543,2232],{"class":62},[44,40545,2698],{"class":66},[44,40547,2197],{"class":62},[44,40549,3809],{"class":54},[30,40551,392],{"id":391},[20,40553,7714],{},[35,40555,40557],{"className":37,"code":40556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"float(value)\n",[15,40558,40559],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40560,40561,40563,40565,40567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40562,2698],{"class":2248},[44,40564,120],{"class":58},[44,40566,1282],{"class":116},[44,40568,129],{"class":58},[20,40570,40571,40572,113],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40573,3390],{},[20,40575,40576,40577,40579,40580,72],{},"If you call ",[15,40578,3390],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40581,4272],{},[35,40583,40585],{"className":37,"code":40584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float())\n",[15,40586,40587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40588,40589,40591,40593,40595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40590,136],{"class":135},[44,40592,120],{"class":58},[44,40594,2698],{"class":2248},[44,40596,2188],{"class":58},[20,40598,2576],{},[35,40600,40602],{"className":37,"code":40601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0.0\n",[15,40603,40604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40605,40606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40607,40601],{"class":95},[20,40609,40610],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[35,40612,40614],{"className":37,"code":40613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40615,40616,40636],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40617,40618,40621,40623,40625,40627,40629,40632,40634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40619,40620],{"class":50},"price ",[44,40622,55],{"class":54},[44,40624,40488],{"class":2248},[44,40626,120],{"class":58},[44,40628,63],{"class":62},[44,40630,40631],{"class":66},"19.99",[44,40633,63],{"class":62},[44,40635,129],{"class":58},[44,40637,40638,40640,40642,40644],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40639,136],{"class":135},[44,40641,120],{"class":58},[44,40643,825],{"class":116},[44,40645,129],{"class":58},[30,40647,40649],{"id":40648},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40651,40652,40654],{},[15,40653,3390],{}," can convert several common value types.",[981,40656,40658],{"id":40657},"integers","Integers",[20,40660,40661,40662,40665],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40663,40664],{},".0"," added:",[35,40667,40669],{"className":37,"code":40668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40670,40671,40685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40672,40673,40675,40677,40679,40681,40683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40674,136],{"class":135},[44,40676,120],{"class":58},[44,40678,2698],{"class":2248},[44,40680,120],{"class":58},[44,40682,2643],{"class":95},[44,40684,2239],{"class":58},[44,40686,40687,40689,40691,40693,40695,40697,40699],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40688,136],{"class":135},[44,40690,120],{"class":58},[44,40692,2698],{"class":2248},[44,40694,120],{"class":58},[44,40696,2526],{"class":54},[44,40698,2561],{"class":95},[44,40700,2239],{"class":58},[20,40702,2576],{},[35,40704,40706],{"className":37,"code":40705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40707,40708,40712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40709,40710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40711,2983],{"class":95},[44,40713,40714,40716],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40715,2526],{"class":54},[44,40717,40718],{"class":95},"2.0\n",[981,40720,40722],{"id":40721},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40724,40725],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[35,40727,40729],{"className":37,"code":40728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40730,40731,40749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40732,40733,40735,40737,40739,40741,40743,40745,40747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40734,136],{"class":135},[44,40736,120],{"class":58},[44,40738,2698],{"class":2248},[44,40740,120],{"class":58},[44,40742,63],{"class":62},[44,40744,40376],{"class":66},[44,40746,63],{"class":62},[44,40748,2239],{"class":58},[44,40750,40751,40753,40755,40757,40759,40761,40763,40765],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40752,136],{"class":135},[44,40754,120],{"class":58},[44,40756,2698],{"class":2248},[44,40758,120],{"class":58},[44,40760,63],{"class":62},[44,40762,1559],{"class":66},[44,40764,63],{"class":62},[44,40766,2239],{"class":58},[20,40768,2576],{},[35,40770,40772],{"className":37,"code":40771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40773,40774,40778],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40775,40776],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40777,40410],{"class":95},[44,40779,40780],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40781,40782],{"class":95},"10.0\n",[981,40784,40786],{"id":40785},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40788,40789],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[35,40791,40793],{"className":37,"code":40792,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40794,40795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40796,40797,40799,40801,40803,40805,40807,40810,40812],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40798,136],{"class":135},[44,40800,120],{"class":58},[44,40802,2698],{"class":2248},[44,40804,120],{"class":58},[44,40806,63],{"class":62},[44,40808,40809],{"class":66},"  8.5  ",[44,40811,63],{"class":62},[44,40813,2239],{"class":58},[20,40815,2576],{},[35,40817,40819],{"className":37,"code":40818,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8.5\n",[15,40820,40821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40822,40823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40824,40818],{"class":95},[981,40826,40828],{"id":40827},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40830,40831],{},"Boolean values also work:",[35,40833,40835],{"className":37,"code":40834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40836,40837,40851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40838,40839,40841,40843,40845,40847,40849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40840,136],{"class":135},[44,40842,120],{"class":58},[44,40844,2698],{"class":2248},[44,40846,120],{"class":58},[44,40848,4112],{"class":1266},[44,40850,2239],{"class":58},[44,40852,40853,40855,40857,40859,40861,40863],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40854,136],{"class":135},[44,40856,120],{"class":58},[44,40858,2698],{"class":2248},[44,40860,120],{"class":58},[44,40862,4178],{"class":1266},[44,40864,2239],{"class":58},[20,40866,2576],{},[35,40868,40870],{"className":37,"code":40869,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40871,40872,40876],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40873,40874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40875,40415],{"class":95},[44,40877,40878],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40879,40601],{"class":95},[981,40881,40883],{"id":40882},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40885,40886,40887,40889],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40888,3390],{}," returns a float version of it:",[35,40891,40893],{"className":37,"code":40892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40894,40895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40896,40897,40899,40901,40903,40905,40907],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40898,136],{"class":135},[44,40900,120],{"class":58},[44,40902,2698],{"class":2248},[44,40904,120],{"class":58},[44,40906,2866],{"class":95},[44,40908,2239],{"class":58},[20,40910,2576],{},[35,40912,40913],{"className":37,"code":2890,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,40914,40915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40916,40917],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40918,2890],{"class":95},[30,40920,40922],{"id":40921},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40924,40925,40926,113],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40927,3390],{},[981,40929,40931],{"id":40930},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40933,40934,40935,72],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40936,40937],{},"ValueError",[35,40939,40941],{"className":37,"code":40940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40942,40943],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40944,40945,40947,40949,40951,40953,40955,40957,40959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40946,136],{"class":135},[44,40948,120],{"class":58},[44,40950,2698],{"class":2248},[44,40952,120],{"class":58},[44,40954,63],{"class":62},[44,40956,4349],{"class":66},[44,40958,63],{"class":62},[44,40960,2239],{"class":58},[20,40962,29905],{},[35,40964,40966],{"className":37,"code":40965,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40967,40968],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40969,40970,40972,40974,40977,40979,40982,40984,40986,40988,40990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40971,40937],{"class":2248},[44,40973,72],{"class":58},[44,40975,40976],{"class":50}," could ",[44,40978,592],{"class":54},[44,40980,40981],{"class":50}," convert string to ",[44,40983,2698],{"class":2248},[44,40985,72],{"class":58},[44,40987,2232],{"class":62},[44,40989,4349],{"class":66},[44,40991,29924],{"class":62},[20,40993,40994],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[35,40996,40998],{"className":37,"code":40997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40999,41000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41001,41002,41004,41006,41008,41010,41012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41003,136],{"class":135},[44,41005,120],{"class":58},[44,41007,2698],{"class":2248},[44,41009,120],{"class":58},[44,41011,6773],{"class":62},[44,41013,2239],{"class":58},[981,41015,41017],{"id":41016},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,41019,41020],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[35,41022,41024],{"className":37,"code":41023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,41025,41026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41027,41028,41030,41032,41034,41036,41038,41040,41042,41044,41046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41029,136],{"class":135},[44,41031,120],{"class":58},[44,41033,2698],{"class":2248},[44,41035,3492],{"class":58},[44,41037,1588],{"class":95},[44,41039,83],{"class":58},[44,41041,1717],{"class":95},[44,41043,83],{"class":58},[44,41045,2955],{"class":95},[44,41047,3505],{"class":58},[20,41049,29905],{},[35,41051,41053],{"className":37,"code":41052,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,41054,41055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41056,41057,41059,41061,41063,41065,41068,41071,41074,41076,41078,41080,41082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41058,3511],{"class":2248},[44,41060,72],{"class":58},[44,41062,40488],{"class":2248},[44,41064,7862],{"class":58},[44,41066,41067],{"class":50}," argument must be a string ",[44,41069,41070],{"class":54},"or",[44,41072,41073],{"class":50}," a real number",[44,41075,83],{"class":58},[44,41077,8594],{"class":54},[44,41079,2232],{"class":62},[44,41081,8588],{"class":66},[44,41083,29924],{"class":62},[981,41085,41087],{"id":41086},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,41089,41090],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[35,41092,41094],{"className":37,"code":41093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,41095,41096],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41097,41098,41100,41102,41104,41106,41108,41111,41113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41099,136],{"class":135},[44,41101,120],{"class":58},[44,41103,2698],{"class":2248},[44,41105,120],{"class":58},[44,41107,63],{"class":62},[44,41109,41110],{"class":66},"3,14",[44,41112,63],{"class":62},[44,41114,2239],{"class":58},[20,41116,3508,41117,113],{},[15,41118,40937],{},[20,41120,41121,41122,976,41126,113],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[625,41123,41125],{"href":41124},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[625,41127,41129],{"href":41128},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[30,41131,583],{"id":582},[20,41133,41134,41136],{},[15,41135,3390],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41138,41139,41140,41142],{},"It does ",[590,41141,592],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41144,269],{},[35,41146,41148],{"className":37,"code":41147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41149,41150,41163,41177,41181,41191,41201,41215],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41151,41152,41154,41156,41158,41161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41153,34915],{"class":50},[44,41155,55],{"class":54},[44,41157,75],{"class":62},[44,41159,41160],{"class":66},"6.5",[44,41162,3865],{"class":62},[44,41164,41165,41167,41169,41171,41173,41175],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41166,2723],{"class":50},[44,41168,55],{"class":54},[44,41170,40488],{"class":2248},[44,41172,120],{"class":58},[44,41174,34936],{"class":116},[44,41176,129],{"class":58},[44,41178,41179],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,41180,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,41182,41183,41185,41187,41189],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,41184,136],{"class":135},[44,41186,120],{"class":58},[44,41188,34936],{"class":116},[44,41190,129],{"class":58},[44,41192,41193,41195,41197,41199],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,41194,136],{"class":135},[44,41196,120],{"class":58},[44,41198,2744],{"class":116},[44,41200,129],{"class":58},[44,41202,41203,41205,41207,41209,41211,41213],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,41204,136],{"class":135},[44,41206,120],{"class":58},[44,41208,2249],{"class":2248},[44,41210,120],{"class":58},[44,41212,34936],{"class":116},[44,41214,2239],{"class":58},[44,41216,41217,41219,41221,41223,41225,41227],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,41218,136],{"class":135},[44,41220,120],{"class":58},[44,41222,2249],{"class":2248},[44,41224,120],{"class":58},[44,41226,2744],{"class":116},[44,41228,2239],{"class":58},[20,41230,2576],{},[35,41232,41234],{"className":37,"code":41233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41235,41236,41241,41245,41259],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41237,41238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41239,41240],{"class":95},"6.5\n",[44,41242,41243],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41244,41240],{"class":95},[44,41246,41247,41249,41251,41253,41255,41257],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,41248,3797],{"class":54},[44,41250,3800],{"class":2570},[44,41252,2232],{"class":62},[44,41254,3950],{"class":66},[44,41256,2197],{"class":62},[44,41258,3809],{"class":54},[44,41260,41261,41263,41265,41267,41269,41271],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,41262,3797],{"class":54},[44,41264,3800],{"class":2570},[44,41266,2232],{"class":62},[44,41268,2698],{"class":66},[44,41270,2197],{"class":62},[44,41272,3809],{"class":54},[20,41274,41275],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[30,41277,41279],{"id":41278},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[981,41281,41283,41284,41286],{"id":41282},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41285,3464],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41288,2482,41289,41293,41294,113],{},[625,41290,41291,2807],{"href":8714},[15,41292,3464],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41295,3390],{},[35,41297,41299],{"className":37,"code":41298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41300,41301,41320,41334,41338],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41302,41303,41305,41307,41309,41311,41313,41316,41318],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41304,8732],{"class":50},[44,41306,55],{"class":54},[44,41308,8737],{"class":135},[44,41310,120],{"class":58},[44,41312,63],{"class":62},[44,41314,41315],{"class":66},"Enter a price: ",[44,41317,63],{"class":62},[44,41319,129],{"class":58},[44,41321,41322,41324,41326,41328,41330,41332],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41323,40620],{"class":50},[44,41325,55],{"class":54},[44,41327,40488],{"class":2248},[44,41329,120],{"class":58},[44,41331,8761],{"class":116},[44,41333,129],{"class":58},[44,41335,41336],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,41337,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,41339,41340,41342,41344,41346,41348,41350],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,41341,136],{"class":135},[44,41343,120],{"class":58},[44,41345,40620],{"class":116},[44,41347,40105],{"class":54},[44,41349,1717],{"class":95},[44,41351,129],{"class":58},[20,41353,41354,41355,41358],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41356,41357],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[35,41360,41362],{"className":37,"code":41361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"9.0\n",[15,41363,41364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41365,41366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41367,41361],{"class":95},[20,41369,41370,41371,113],{},"For more help with this, see ",[625,41372,9474],{"href":9473},[981,41374,41376],{"id":41375},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[35,41378,41380],{"className":37,"code":41379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41381,41382,41395,41408,41412,41437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41383,41384,41386,41388,41390,41393],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41385,3058],{"class":50},[44,41387,55],{"class":54},[44,41389,75],{"class":62},[44,41391,41392],{"class":66},"2.5",[44,41394,3865],{"class":62},[44,41396,41397,41399,41401,41403,41406],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41398,3086],{"class":50},[44,41400,55],{"class":54},[44,41402,75],{"class":62},[44,41404,41405],{"class":66},"1.5",[44,41407,3865],{"class":62},[44,41409,41410],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,41411,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,41413,41414,41417,41419,41421,41423,41425,41427,41429,41431,41433,41435],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,41415,41416],{"class":50},"total ",[44,41418,55],{"class":54},[44,41420,40488],{"class":2248},[44,41422,120],{"class":58},[44,41424,625],{"class":116},[44,41426,144],{"class":58},[44,41428,2958],{"class":54},[44,41430,40488],{"class":2248},[44,41432,120],{"class":58},[44,41434,639],{"class":116},[44,41436,129],{"class":58},[44,41438,41439,41441,41443,41446],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,41440,136],{"class":135},[44,41442,120],{"class":58},[44,41444,41445],{"class":116},"total",[44,41447,129],{"class":58},[20,41449,2576],{},[35,41451,41453],{"className":37,"code":41452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4.0\n",[15,41454,41455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41456,41457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41458,41452],{"class":95},[981,41460,41462],{"id":41461},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41464,41465],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[35,41467,41469],{"className":37,"code":41468,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41470,41471,41481,41496,41500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41472,41473,41476,41478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41474,41475],{"class":50},"count ",[44,41477,55],{"class":54},[44,41479,41480],{"class":95}," 7\n",[44,41482,41483,41485,41487,41489,41491,41494],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41484,1953],{"class":50},[44,41486,55],{"class":54},[44,41488,40488],{"class":2248},[44,41490,120],{"class":58},[44,41492,41493],{"class":116},"count",[44,41495,129],{"class":58},[44,41497,41498],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,41499,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,41501,41502,41504,41506,41508],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,41503,136],{"class":135},[44,41505,120],{"class":58},[44,41507,1984],{"class":116},[44,41509,129],{"class":58},[20,41511,2576],{},[35,41513,41515],{"className":37,"code":41514,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.0\n",[15,41516,41517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41518,41519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41520,41514],{"class":95},[981,41522,41524],{"id":41523},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41526,41527,41528,41530],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41529,3390],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[35,41532,41534],{"className":37,"code":41533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41535,41536,41550,41566,41570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41537,41538,41541,41543,41545,41548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41539,41540],{"class":50},"temperature_text ",[44,41542,55],{"class":54},[44,41544,75],{"class":62},[44,41546,41547],{"class":66},"21.8",[44,41549,3865],{"class":62},[44,41551,41552,41555,41557,41559,41561,41564],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41553,41554],{"class":50},"temperature ",[44,41556,55],{"class":54},[44,41558,40488],{"class":2248},[44,41560,120],{"class":58},[44,41562,41563],{"class":116},"temperature_text",[44,41565,129],{"class":58},[44,41567,41568],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,41569,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,41571,41572,41574,41576,41579],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,41573,136],{"class":135},[44,41575,120],{"class":58},[44,41577,41578],{"class":116},"temperature",[44,41580,129],{"class":58},[30,41582,41584],{"id":41583},"special-values","Special values",[20,41586,41587,41589],{},[15,41588,3390],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[981,41591,41593],{"id":41592},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[35,41595,41597],{"className":37,"code":41596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41598,41599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41600,41601,41603,41605,41607,41609,41611,41614,41616],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41602,136],{"class":135},[44,41604,120],{"class":58},[44,41606,2698],{"class":2248},[44,41608,120],{"class":58},[44,41610,63],{"class":62},[44,41612,41613],{"class":66},"inf",[44,41615,63],{"class":62},[44,41617,2239],{"class":58},[20,41619,2576],{},[35,41621,41623],{"className":37,"code":41622,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"inf\n",[15,41624,41625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41626,41627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41628,41622],{"class":50},[981,41630,41632],{"id":41631},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[35,41634,41636],{"className":37,"code":41635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41637,41638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41639,41640,41642,41644,41646,41648,41650,41653,41655],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41641,136],{"class":135},[44,41643,120],{"class":58},[44,41645,2698],{"class":2248},[44,41647,120],{"class":58},[44,41649,63],{"class":62},[44,41651,41652],{"class":66},"-inf",[44,41654,63],{"class":62},[44,41656,2239],{"class":58},[20,41658,2576],{},[35,41660,41662],{"className":37,"code":41661,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-inf\n",[15,41663,41664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41665,41666,41668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41667,2526],{"class":54},[44,41669,41622],{"class":50},[981,41671,41673],{"id":41672},"not-a-number","Not a number",[35,41675,41677],{"className":37,"code":41676,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41678,41679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41680,41681,41683,41685,41687,41689,41691,41694,41696],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41682,136],{"class":135},[44,41684,120],{"class":58},[44,41686,2698],{"class":2248},[44,41688,120],{"class":58},[44,41690,63],{"class":62},[44,41692,41693],{"class":66},"nan",[44,41695,63],{"class":62},[44,41697,2239],{"class":58},[20,41699,2576],{},[35,41701,41703],{"className":37,"code":41702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nan\n",[15,41704,41705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41706,41707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41708,41702],{"class":50},[20,41710,41711],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[252,41713,41714,41719,41724],{},[255,41715,41716,41718],{},[15,41717,41613],{}," means positive infinity",[255,41720,41721,41723],{},[15,41722,41652],{}," means negative infinity",[255,41725,41726,41728],{},[15,41727,41693],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41730,41731,41732,41734],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41733,3390],{}," accepts them.",[30,41736,41738],{"id":41737},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41740,41741,41742,41744],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41743,3390],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[981,41746,40937],{"id":41747},"valueerror",[20,41749,15645,41750,41752],{},[15,41751,40937],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41754,41755],{},"Common causes:",[252,41757,41758,41764,41767,41770],{},[255,41759,41760,41761],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41762,41763],{},"\"abc\"",[255,41765,41766],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[255,41768,41769],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[255,41771,1675,41772],{},[625,41773,41774,41776],{"href":8714},[15,41775,3464],{}," returns a string",[20,41778,269],{},[35,41780,41782],{"className":37,"code":41781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41783,41784,41797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41785,41786,41788,41790,41792,41795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41787,1244],{"class":50},[44,41789,55],{"class":54},[44,41791,75],{"class":62},[44,41793,41794],{"class":66},"abc",[44,41796,3865],{"class":62},[44,41798,41799,41801,41803,41805,41807,41809],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41800,136],{"class":135},[44,41802,120],{"class":58},[44,41804,2698],{"class":2248},[44,41806,120],{"class":58},[44,41808,1282],{"class":116},[44,41810,2239],{"class":58},[981,41812,3511],{"id":41813},"typeerror",[20,41815,15645,41816,41818],{},[15,41817,3511],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41820,41755],{},[252,41822,41823,41826,41829],{},[255,41824,41825],{},"Passing a list",[255,41827,41828],{},"Passing a dictionary",[255,41830,41831],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41833,269],{},[35,41835,41837],{"className":37,"code":41836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41838,41839,41864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41840,41841,41843,41845,41847,41849,41851,41853,41855,41857,41860,41862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41842,1244],{"class":50},[44,41844,55],{"class":54},[44,41846,59],{"class":58},[44,41848,63],{"class":62},[44,41850,825],{"class":66},[44,41852,63],{"class":62},[44,41854,72],{"class":58},[44,41856,75],{"class":62},[44,41858,41859],{"class":66},"9.99",[44,41861,63],{"class":62},[44,41863,99],{"class":58},[44,41865,41866,41868,41870,41872,41874,41876],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41867,136],{"class":135},[44,41869,120],{"class":58},[44,41871,2698],{"class":2248},[44,41873,120],{"class":58},[44,41875,1282],{"class":116},[44,41877,2239],{"class":58},[981,41879,41881],{"id":41880},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41883,41884,41885,41888],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41886,41887],{},"strip()"," can help:",[35,41890,41892],{"className":37,"code":41891,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41893,41894,41907,41922,41926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41895,41896,41898,41900,41902,41905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41897,1244],{"class":50},[44,41899,55],{"class":54},[44,41901,75],{"class":62},[44,41903,41904],{"class":66},"  7.25  ",[44,41906,3865],{"class":62},[44,41908,41909,41912,41914,41916,41918,41920],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41910,41911],{"class":50},"clean_value ",[44,41913,55],{"class":54},[44,41915,8928],{"class":50},[44,41917,113],{"class":58},[44,41919,9129],{"class":116},[44,41921,9138],{"class":58},[44,41923,41924],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,41925,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,41927,41928,41930,41932,41934,41936,41939],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,41929,136],{"class":135},[44,41931,120],{"class":58},[44,41933,2698],{"class":2248},[44,41935,120],{"class":58},[44,41937,41938],{"class":116},"clean_value",[44,41940,2239],{"class":58},[20,41942,2576],{},[35,41944,41946],{"className":37,"code":41945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.25\n",[15,41947,41948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41949,41950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41951,41945],{"class":95},[981,41953,41955],{"id":41954},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41957,41958],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[35,41960,41962],{"className":37,"code":41961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41963,41964,41977,41981,41991,42005,42020,42024,42038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41965,41966,41968,41970,41972,41975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41967,1244],{"class":50},[44,41969,55],{"class":54},[44,41971,75],{"class":62},[44,41973,41974],{"class":66}," 3.5 ",[44,41976,3865],{"class":62},[44,41978,41979],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41980,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,41982,41983,41985,41987,41989],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,41984,136],{"class":135},[44,41986,120],{"class":58},[44,41988,1282],{"class":116},[44,41990,129],{"class":58},[44,41992,41993,41995,41997,41999,42001,42003],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,41994,136],{"class":135},[44,41996,120],{"class":58},[44,41998,2249],{"class":2248},[44,42000,120],{"class":58},[44,42002,1282],{"class":116},[44,42004,2239],{"class":58},[44,42006,42007,42009,42011,42014,42016,42018],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,42008,136],{"class":135},[44,42010,120],{"class":58},[44,42012,42013],{"class":135},"repr",[44,42015,120],{"class":58},[44,42017,1282],{"class":116},[44,42019,2239],{"class":58},[44,42021,42022],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,42023,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,42025,42026,42028,42030,42032,42034,42036],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,42027,41911],{"class":50},[44,42029,55],{"class":54},[44,42031,8928],{"class":50},[44,42033,113],{"class":58},[44,42035,9129],{"class":116},[44,42037,9138],{"class":58},[44,42039,42040,42042,42044,42046,42048,42050],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,42041,136],{"class":135},[44,42043,120],{"class":58},[44,42045,2698],{"class":2248},[44,42047,120],{"class":58},[44,42049,41938],{"class":116},[44,42051,2239],{"class":58},[20,42053,42054],{},"Why this helps:",[252,42056,42057,42063,42068,42074],{},[255,42058,42059,42062],{},[15,42060,42061],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[255,42064,42065,21807],{},[15,42066,42067],{},"print(type(value))",[255,42069,42070,42073],{},[15,42071,42072],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[255,42075,42076,42078],{},[15,42077,41887],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[981,42080,42082],{"id":42081},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,42084,42085],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[35,42087,42089],{"className":37,"code":42088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,42090,42091,42110,42114,42120,42135,42154,42163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42092,42093,42095,42097,42099,42101,42103,42106,42108],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42094,1244],{"class":50},[44,42096,55],{"class":54},[44,42098,8737],{"class":135},[44,42100,120],{"class":58},[44,42102,63],{"class":62},[44,42104,42105],{"class":66},"Enter a number: ",[44,42107,63],{"class":62},[44,42109,129],{"class":58},[44,42111,42112],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,42113,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,42115,42116,42118],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,42117,30028],{"class":1140},[44,42119,1359],{"class":58},[44,42121,42122,42125,42127,42129,42131,42133],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,42123,42124],{"class":50},"    number ",[44,42126,55],{"class":54},[44,42128,40488],{"class":2248},[44,42130,120],{"class":58},[44,42132,1282],{"class":116},[44,42134,129],{"class":58},[44,42136,42137,42139,42141,42143,42146,42148,42150,42152],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,42138,1387],{"class":135},[44,42140,120],{"class":58},[44,42142,63],{"class":62},[44,42144,42145],{"class":66},"Converted:",[44,42147,63],{"class":62},[44,42149,83],{"class":58},[44,42151,2703],{"class":116},[44,42153,129],{"class":58},[44,42155,42156,42158,42161],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,42157,30059],{"class":1140},[44,42159,42160],{"class":2248}," ValueError",[44,42162,1359],{"class":58},[44,42164,42165,42167,42169,42171,42174,42176],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,42166,1387],{"class":135},[44,42168,120],{"class":58},[44,42170,63],{"class":62},[44,42172,42173],{"class":66},"That is not a valid number.",[44,42175,63],{"class":62},[44,42177,129],{"class":58},[20,42179,42180,42181,113],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[625,42182,41129],{"href":41128},[30,42184,42186],{"id":42185},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42188,973,42189,976,42191,42193],{},[15,42190,3390],{},[15,42192,3383],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42195,42196,42198],{},[15,42197,3390],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[35,42200,42202],{"className":37,"code":42201,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42203,42204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42205,42206,42208,42210,42212,42214,42216,42219,42221],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42207,136],{"class":135},[44,42209,120],{"class":58},[44,42211,2698],{"class":2248},[44,42213,120],{"class":58},[44,42215,63],{"class":62},[44,42217,42218],{"class":66},"3.9",[44,42220,63],{"class":62},[44,42222,2239],{"class":58},[20,42224,2576],{},[35,42226,42228],{"className":37,"code":42227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.9\n",[15,42229,42230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42231,42232],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42233,42227],{"class":95},[20,42235,42236,42238],{},[15,42237,3383],{}," creates whole numbers:",[35,42240,42242],{"className":37,"code":42241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42243,42244],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42245,42246,42248,42250,42252,42254,42256,42258,42260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42247,136],{"class":135},[44,42249,120],{"class":58},[44,42251,2694],{"class":2248},[44,42253,120],{"class":58},[44,42255,63],{"class":62},[44,42257,1559],{"class":66},[44,42259,63],{"class":62},[44,42261,2239],{"class":58},[20,42263,2576],{},[35,42265,42266],{"className":37,"code":2880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,42267,42268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42269,42270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42271,2880],{"class":95},[20,42273,42274,42275,42278],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42276,42277],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[35,42280,42282],{"className":37,"code":42281,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42283,42284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42285,42286,42288,42290,42292,42294,42296,42298,42300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42287,136],{"class":135},[44,42289,120],{"class":58},[44,42291,2694],{"class":2248},[44,42293,120],{"class":58},[44,42295,63],{"class":62},[44,42297,42218],{"class":66},[44,42299,63],{"class":62},[44,42301,2239],{"class":58},[20,42303,3508,42304,9096,42306,42309],{},[15,42305,40937],{},[15,42307,42308],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42311,11195],{},[252,42313,42314,42320],{},[255,42315,42316,42319],{},[15,42317,42318],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[255,42321,42322,42324],{},[15,42323,42277],{}," fails",[20,42326,42327,42328,42331,42332,42334],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[625,42329,42330],{"href":3380},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[625,42333,2924],{"href":2923}," helpful.",[30,42336,2301],{"id":2300},[981,42338,42340],{"id":42339},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42342,42343,42344,3384,42346,113],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42345,2995],{},[15,42347,40376],{},[981,42349,42351],{"id":42350},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42353,42354,42355,3384,42358,113],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42356,42357],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42359,42360],{},"\"10\"",[981,42362,42364],{"id":42363},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42366,29285,42367,42369,42370,113],{},[15,42368,41763],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42371,40937],{},[981,42373,42375],{"id":42374},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42377,5649,42378,113],{},[15,42379,4272],{},[981,42381,42383],{"id":42382},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42385,42386,42387,42389,42390,976,42393,42389,42395,113],{},"Yes. ",[15,42388,4112],{}," becomes ",[15,42391,42392],{},"1.0",[15,42394,4178],{},[15,42396,4272],{},[30,42398,2375],{"id":2374},[252,42400,42401,42405,42411,42416,42420,42424],{},[255,42402,42403],{},[625,42404,42330],{"href":3380},[255,42406,42407],{},[625,42408,42410],{"href":42409},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[255,42412,42413],{},[625,42414,42415],{"href":41124},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[255,42417,42418],{},[625,42419,9551],{"href":9473},[255,42421,42422],{},[625,42423,41129],{"href":41128},[255,42425,42426],{},[625,42427,42428],{"href":8714},"Python input() Function Explained",[2414,42430,42431],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":42433},[42434,42435,42436,42437,42444,42449,42450,42457,42462,42469,42470,42477],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":40423,"depth":102,"text":40424},{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":40648,"depth":102,"text":40649,"children":42438},[42439,42440,42441,42442,42443],{"id":40657,"depth":132,"text":40658},{"id":40721,"depth":132,"text":40722},{"id":40785,"depth":132,"text":40786},{"id":40827,"depth":132,"text":40828},{"id":40882,"depth":132,"text":40883},{"id":40921,"depth":102,"text":40922,"children":42445},[42446,42447,42448],{"id":40930,"depth":132,"text":40931},{"id":41016,"depth":132,"text":41017},{"id":41086,"depth":132,"text":41087},{"id":582,"depth":102,"text":583},{"id":41278,"depth":102,"text":41279,"children":42451},[42452,42454,42455,42456],{"id":41282,"depth":132,"text":42453},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41375,"depth":132,"text":41376},{"id":41461,"depth":132,"text":41462},{"id":41523,"depth":132,"text":41524},{"id":41583,"depth":102,"text":41584,"children":42458},[42459,42460,42461],{"id":41592,"depth":132,"text":41593},{"id":41631,"depth":132,"text":41632},{"id":41672,"depth":132,"text":41673},{"id":41737,"depth":102,"text":41738,"children":42463},[42464,42465,42466,42467,42468],{"id":41747,"depth":132,"text":40937},{"id":41813,"depth":132,"text":3511},{"id":41880,"depth":132,"text":41881},{"id":41954,"depth":132,"text":41955},{"id":42081,"depth":132,"text":42082},{"id":42185,"depth":102,"text":42186},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":42471},[42472,42473,42474,42475,42476],{"id":42339,"depth":132,"text":42340},{"id":42350,"depth":132,"text":42351},{"id":42363,"depth":132,"text":42364},{"id":42374,"depth":132,"text":42375},{"id":42382,"depth":132,"text":42383},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40324,"description":42478},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42485,"title":42486,"body":42487,"description":43708,"extension":2465,"meta":43709,"navigation":169,"path":35252,"seo":43710,"stem":43711,"__hash__":43712},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42488,"toc":43674},[42489,42492,42497,42500,42502,42541,42555,42559,42564,42567,42584,42587,42597,42612,42615,42617,42620,42636,42639,42642,42662,42666,42677,42680,42684,42688,42702,42737,42741,42752,42787,42790,42792,42800,42833,42849,42851,42861,42882,42893,42895,42900,42903,42917,42919,42938,42941,42954,42957,42961,42965,42979,42982,43000,43003,43018,43022,43027,43041,43047,43049,43106,43108,43141,43144,43160,43164,43171,43175,43180,43183,43194,43198,43203,43218,43227,43232,43251,43254,43266,43268,43273,43283,43286,43315,43320,43329,43333,43338,43341,43345,43350,43352,43382,43385,43392,43397,43402,43406,43409,43417,43420,43498,43501,43523,43525,43529,43532,43536,43542,43605,43609,43617,43621,43624,43626,43651,43671],[10,42490,42486],{"id":42491},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42493,4090,42494,42496],{},[15,42495,35255],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42498,42499],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[30,42501,2507],{"id":2506},[35,42503,42505],{"className":37,"code":42504,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42506,42507,42517,42527],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42508,42509,42511,42513,42515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42510,32378],{"class":135},[44,42512,120],{"class":58},[44,42514,11641],{"class":135},[44,42516,129],{"class":58},[44,42518,42519,42521,42523,42525],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,42520,32378],{"class":135},[44,42522,120],{"class":58},[44,42524,3950],{"class":2248},[44,42526,129],{"class":58},[44,42528,42529,42531,42533,42535,42537,42539],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,42530,32378],{"class":135},[44,42532,120],{"class":58},[44,42534,2197],{"class":62},[44,42536,34886],{"class":66},[44,42538,2197],{"class":62},[44,42540,129],{"class":58},[20,42542,227,42543,42545,42546,3384,42548,42550,42551,42554],{},[15,42544,35255],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42547,11641],{},[15,42549,3950],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42552,42553],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[30,42556,42558],{"id":42557},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42560,42561,42563],{},[15,42562,35255],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42565,42566],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[252,42568,42569,42572,42575,42578,42581],{},[255,42570,42571],{},"Functions",[255,42573,42574],{},"Classes",[255,42576,42577],{},"Methods",[255,42579,42580],{},"Modules",[255,42582,42583],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42585,42586],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42588,42589,42590,42596],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[625,42591,42593],{"href":42592},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42594,42595],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[35,42598,42600],{"className":37,"code":42599,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\n",[15,42601,42602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42603,42604,42606,42608,42610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42605,32378],{"class":135},[44,42607,120],{"class":58},[44,42609,11641],{"class":135},[44,42611,129],{"class":58},[20,42613,42614],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[30,42616,392],{"id":391},[20,42618,42619],{},"The main form is:",[35,42621,42623],{"className":37,"code":42622,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(object)\n",[15,42624,42625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42626,42627,42629,42631,42634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42628,32378],{"class":135},[44,42630,120],{"class":58},[44,42632,42633],{"class":2248},"object",[44,42635,129],{"class":58},[20,42637,42638],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42640,42641],{},"Common examples include:",[252,42643,42644,42648,42653,42657],{},[255,42645,42646],{},[15,42647,11641],{},[255,42649,42650],{},[15,42651,42652],{},"list.append",[255,42654,42655],{},[15,42656,3950],{},[255,42658,42659],{},[15,42660,42661],{},"open",[20,42663,7672,42664,7675],{},[15,42665,35255],{},[35,42667,42669],{"className":37,"code":42668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help()\n",[15,42670,42671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42672,42673,42675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42674,32378],{"class":135},[44,42676,9138],{"class":58},[20,42678,42679],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[30,42681,42683],{"id":42682},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[981,42685,42687],{"id":42686},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42689,42690,42691,2695,42693,2695,42695,17526,42698,113],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42692,11641],{},[15,42694,136],{},[15,42696,42697],{},"input",[625,42699,42700],{"href":2803},[15,42701,2806],{},[35,42703,42705],{"className":37,"code":42704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42706,42707,42717,42727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42708,42709,42711,42713,42715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42710,32378],{"class":135},[44,42712,120],{"class":58},[44,42714,136],{"class":135},[44,42716,129],{"class":58},[44,42718,42719,42721,42723,42725],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,42720,32378],{"class":135},[44,42722,120],{"class":58},[44,42724,42697],{"class":135},[44,42726,129],{"class":58},[44,42728,42729,42731,42733,42735],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,42730,32378],{"class":135},[44,42732,120],{"class":58},[44,42734,2249],{"class":2248},[44,42736,129],{"class":58},[981,42738,42740],{"id":42739},"data-types","Data types",[20,42742,42743,42744,2695,42746,2695,42748,17526,42750,113],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42745,3950],{},[15,42747,8588],{},[15,42749,9317],{},[15,42751,6788],{},[35,42753,42755],{"className":37,"code":42754,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42756,42757,42767,42777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42758,42759,42761,42763,42765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42760,32378],{"class":135},[44,42762,120],{"class":58},[44,42764,3950],{"class":2248},[44,42766,129],{"class":58},[44,42768,42769,42771,42773,42775],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,42770,32378],{"class":135},[44,42772,120],{"class":58},[44,42774,8588],{"class":2248},[44,42776,129],{"class":58},[44,42778,42779,42781,42783,42785],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,42780,32378],{"class":135},[44,42782,120],{"class":58},[44,42784,9317],{"class":2248},[44,42786,129],{"class":58},[20,42788,42789],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[981,42791,42577],{"id":34733},[20,42793,42794,42795,976,42798,113],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42796,42797],{},"str.split",[15,42799,42652],{},[35,42801,42803],{"className":37,"code":42802,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42804,42805,42819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42806,42807,42809,42811,42813,42815,42817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42808,32378],{"class":135},[44,42810,120],{"class":58},[44,42812,3950],{"class":2248},[44,42814,113],{"class":58},[44,42816,34696],{"class":25189},[44,42818,129],{"class":58},[44,42820,42821,42823,42825,42827,42829,42831],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,42822,32378],{"class":135},[44,42824,120],{"class":58},[44,42826,8588],{"class":2248},[44,42828,113],{"class":58},[44,42830,14012],{"class":25189},[44,42832,129],{"class":58},[20,42834,42835,42836,9200,42838,2322,42843,42845,42846,42848],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42837,35255],{},[625,42839,42841],{"href":42840},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42842,34538],{},[15,42844,34538],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42847,35255],{}," explains one of them.",[981,42850,42580],{"id":34886},[20,42852,42853,42854,2695,42856,17526,42858,113],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42855,481],{},[15,42857,35418],{},[15,42859,42860],{},"os",[35,42862,42864],{"className":37,"code":42863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42865,42866,42872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42867,42868,42870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42869,35319],{"class":1140},[44,42871,35322],{"class":50},[44,42873,42874,42876,42878,42880],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,42875,32378],{"class":135},[44,42877,120],{"class":58},[44,42879,481],{"class":116},[44,42881,129],{"class":58},[20,42883,42884,42885,42889,42890,113],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[625,42886,42888],{"href":42887},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[625,42891,35385],{"href":42892},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[30,42894,35146],{"id":35145},[20,42896,42897,42899],{},[15,42898,35255],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42901,42902],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[252,42904,42905,42908,42911,42914],{},[255,42906,42907],{},"The function signature",[255,42909,42910],{},"The short description",[255,42912,42913],{},"Parameter names",[255,42915,42916],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42918,5973],{},[35,42920,42922],{"className":37,"code":42921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42923,42924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42925,42926,42928,42930,42932,42934,42936],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42927,32378],{"class":135},[44,42929,120],{"class":58},[44,42931,3950],{"class":2248},[44,42933,113],{"class":58},[44,42935,34696],{"class":25189},[44,42937,129],{"class":58},[20,42939,42940],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[252,42942,42943,42946,42949,42951],{},[255,42944,42945],{},"What object this is",[255,42947,42948],{},"What arguments it accepts",[255,42950,22408],{},[255,42952,42953],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42955,42956],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[30,42958,42960],{"id":42959},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42962,42963,30098],{},[15,42964,35255],{},[252,42966,42967,42970,42973,42976],{},[255,42968,42969],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[255,42971,42972],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[255,42974,42975],{},"You are exploring a new module",[255,42977,42978],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42980,42981],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[35,42983,42984],{"className":37,"code":42921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,42985,42986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42987,42988,42990,42992,42994,42996,42998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42989,32378],{"class":135},[44,42991,120],{"class":58},[44,42993,3950],{"class":2248},[44,42995,113],{"class":58},[44,42997,34696],{"class":25189},[44,42999,129],{"class":58},[20,43001,43002],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[35,43004,43006],{"className":37,"code":43005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(open)\n",[15,43007,43008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43009,43010,43012,43014,43016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43011,32378],{"class":135},[44,43013,120],{"class":58},[44,43015,42661],{"class":135},[44,43017,129],{"class":58},[30,43019,43021],{"id":43020},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,43023,43024,43026],{},[15,43025,35255],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[252,43028,43029,43032,43035,43038],{},[255,43030,43031],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[255,43033,43034],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[255,43036,43037],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[255,43039,43040],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,43042,43043,43044,43046],{},"So, ",[15,43045,35255],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,43048,5973],{},[35,43050,43052],{"className":37,"code":43051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,43053,43054,43067,43091,43095],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43055,43056,43058,43060,43062,43065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43057,34915],{"class":50},[44,43059,55],{"class":54},[44,43061,75],{"class":62},[44,43063,43064],{"class":66},"a,b,c",[44,43066,3865],{"class":62},[44,43068,43069,43072,43074,43077,43079,43081,43083,43085,43087,43089],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43070,43071],{"class":50},"parts ",[44,43073,55],{"class":54},[44,43075,43076],{"class":50}," text",[44,43078,113],{"class":58},[44,43080,34696],{"class":116},[44,43082,120],{"class":58},[44,43084,63],{"class":62},[44,43086,83],{"class":66},[44,43088,63],{"class":62},[44,43090,129],{"class":58},[44,43092,43093],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,43094,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,43096,43097,43099,43101,43104],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,43098,136],{"class":135},[44,43100,120],{"class":58},[44,43102,43103],{"class":116},"parts",[44,43105,129],{"class":58},[20,43107,6060],{},[35,43109,43111],{"className":37,"code":43110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43112,43113],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43114,43115,43117,43119,43121,43123,43125,43127,43129,43131,43133,43135,43137,43139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43116,896],{"class":58},[44,43118,2197],{"class":62},[44,43120,625],{"class":66},[44,43122,2197],{"class":62},[44,43124,83],{"class":58},[44,43126,2232],{"class":62},[44,43128,639],{"class":66},[44,43130,2197],{"class":62},[44,43132,83],{"class":58},[44,43134,2232],{"class":62},[44,43136,696],{"class":66},[44,43138,2197],{"class":62},[44,43140,1153],{"class":58},[20,43142,43143],{},"A good workflow is:",[28937,43145,43146,43151,43154,43157],{},[255,43147,227,43148,43150],{},[15,43149,35255],{}," to inspect something",[255,43152,43153],{},"Write a tiny example",[255,43155,43156],{},"Check the result",[255,43158,43159],{},"Repeat",[30,43161,43163],{"id":43162},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43165,43166,976,43168,43170],{},[15,43167,35255],{},[15,43169,34538],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[981,43172,43173],{"id":32378},[15,43174,35255],{},[20,43176,227,43177,43179],{},[15,43178,35255],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43181,43182],{},"It tells you:",[252,43184,43185,43188,43191],{},[255,43186,43187],{},"What something is",[255,43189,43190],{},"How to use it",[255,43192,43193],{},"What parameters it accepts",[981,43195,43196],{"id":34599},[15,43197,34538],{},[20,43199,227,43200,43202],{},[15,43201,34538],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[35,43204,43206],{"className":37,"code":43205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dir(str)\n",[15,43207,43208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43209,43210,43212,43214,43216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43211,34599],{"class":135},[44,43213,120],{"class":58},[44,43215,3950],{"class":2248},[44,43217,129],{"class":58},[20,43219,43220,43221,2695,43223,17526,43225,113],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43222,34696],{},[15,43224,9129],{},[15,43226,9135],{},[20,43228,43229,43230,72],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43231,35255],{},[35,43233,43235],{"className":37,"code":43234,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43236,43237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43238,43239,43241,43243,43245,43247,43249],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43240,32378],{"class":135},[44,43242,120],{"class":58},[44,43244,3950],{"class":2248},[44,43246,113],{"class":58},[44,43248,9135],{"class":25189},[44,43250,129],{"class":58},[20,43252,43253],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[252,43255,43256,43261],{},[255,43257,227,43258,43260],{},[15,43259,34538],{}," to discover options",[255,43262,227,43263,43265],{},[15,43264,35255],{}," to understand one option",[30,43267,3335],{"id":3334},[20,43269,43270,43271,113],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43272,35255],{},[981,43274,1785,43276,43279,43280],{"id":43275},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43277,43278],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43281,43282],{},"help(len)",[20,43284,43285],{},"These are not always the same.",[35,43287,43289],{"className":37,"code":43288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43290,43291,43301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43292,43293,43295,43297,43299],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43294,32378],{"class":135},[44,43296,120],{"class":58},[44,43298,11641],{"class":135},[44,43300,129],{"class":58},[44,43302,43303,43305,43307,43309,43311,43313],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43304,32378],{"class":135},[44,43306,120],{"class":58},[44,43308,2197],{"class":62},[44,43310,11641],{"class":66},[44,43312,2197],{"class":62},[44,43314,129],{"class":58},[20,43316,43317,43319],{},[15,43318,43282],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43321,43322,43324,43325,43328],{},[15,43323,43278],{}," treats ",[15,43326,43327],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[981,43330,43332],{"id":43331},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43334,43335,43337],{},[15,43336,35255],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43339,43340],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[981,43342,43344],{"id":43343},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43346,40576,43347,43349],{},[15,43348,35255],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43351,269],{},[35,43353,43355],{"className":37,"code":43354,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43356,43357,43367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43358,43359,43361,43363,43365],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43360,32378],{"class":135},[44,43362,120],{"class":58},[44,43364,11641],{"class":135},[44,43366,129],{"class":58},[44,43368,43369,43371,43373,43375,43378,43380],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43370,136],{"class":135},[44,43372,120],{"class":58},[44,43374,63],{"class":62},[44,43376,43377],{"class":66},"Done",[44,43379,63],{"class":62},[44,43381,129],{"class":58},[20,43383,43384],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[981,43386,37435,43388,9200,43390],{"id":43387},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43389,35255],{},[15,43391,34538],{},[20,43393,43394,43395,113],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43396,34538],{},[20,43398,43399,43400,113],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43401,35255],{},[30,43403,43405],{"id":43404},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43407,43408],{},"Open Python:",[35,43410,43411],{"className":37,"code":35771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,43412,43413],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43414,43415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43416,35771],{"class":50},[20,43418,43419],{},"Then test these commands:",[35,43421,43423],{"className":37,"code":43422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43424,43425,43435,43449,43463,43473,43488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43426,43427,43429,43431,43433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43428,32378],{"class":135},[44,43430,120],{"class":58},[44,43432,11641],{"class":135},[44,43434,129],{"class":58},[44,43436,43437,43439,43441,43443,43445,43447],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43438,32378],{"class":135},[44,43440,120],{"class":58},[44,43442,3950],{"class":2248},[44,43444,113],{"class":58},[44,43446,34696],{"class":25189},[44,43448,129],{"class":58},[44,43450,43451,43453,43455,43457,43459,43461],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,43452,32378],{"class":135},[44,43454,120],{"class":58},[44,43456,8588],{"class":2248},[44,43458,113],{"class":58},[44,43460,14012],{"class":25189},[44,43462,129],{"class":58},[44,43464,43465,43467,43469,43471],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,43466,32378],{"class":135},[44,43468,120],{"class":58},[44,43470,42661],{"class":135},[44,43472,129],{"class":58},[44,43474,43475,43477,43479,43481,43484,43486],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,43476,32378],{"class":135},[44,43478,120],{"class":58},[44,43480,2197],{"class":62},[44,43482,43483],{"class":66},"keywords",[44,43485,2197],{"class":62},[44,43487,129],{"class":58},[44,43489,43490,43492,43494,43496],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,43491,34599],{"class":135},[44,43493,120],{"class":58},[44,43495,3950],{"class":2248},[44,43497,129],{"class":58},[20,43499,43500],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[252,43502,43503,43506,43509,43512,43515,43518],{},[255,43504,43505],{},"A built-in function",[255,43507,43508],{},"A string method",[255,43510,43511],{},"A list method",[255,43513,43514],{},"A built-in file function",[255,43516,43517],{},"A special help topic",[255,43519,15645,43520,43522],{},[15,43521,34538],{}," example for comparison",[30,43524,2301],{"id":2300},[981,43526,43528],{"id":43527},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43530,43531],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[981,43533,43535],{"id":43534},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43537,43538,43539,43541],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43540,35255],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[35,43543,43545],{"className":37,"code":43544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43546,43547,43559,43572,43591,43595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43548,43549,43551,43553,43555,43557],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43550,35079],{"class":2570},[44,43552,35083],{"class":35082},[44,43554,120],{"class":58},[44,43556,67],{"class":37894},[44,43558,8837],{"class":58},[44,43560,43561,43565,43569],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43562,43564],{"class":43563},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[44,43566,43568],{"class":43567},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[44,43570,43571],{"class":43563},"\"\"\"\n",[44,43573,43574,43576,43579,43582,43584,43586,43588],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,43575,35090],{"class":1140},[44,43577,43578],{"class":2570}," f",[44,43580,43581],{"class":66},"\"Hello, ",[44,43583,9770],{"class":95},[44,43585,67],{"class":50},[44,43587,22741],{"class":95},[44,43589,43590],{"class":66},"!\"\n",[44,43592,43593],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,43594,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,43596,43597,43599,43601,43603],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,43598,32378],{"class":135},[44,43600,120],{"class":58},[44,43602,35125],{"class":116},[44,43604,129],{"class":58},[981,43606,43608],{"id":43607},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43610,43611,43613,43614,43616],{},[15,43612,43282],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43615,43278],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[981,43618,43620],{"id":43619},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43622,43623],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[30,43625,2375],{"id":2374},[252,43627,43628,43633,43637,43642,43647],{},[255,43629,43630],{},[625,43631,43632],{"href":42840},"Python dir() function explained",[255,43634,43635],{},[625,43636,8937],{"href":2803},[255,43638,43639],{},[625,43640,43641],{"href":42592},"Python len() function explained",[255,43643,43644],{},[625,43645,43646],{"href":42887},"How import works in Python",[255,43648,43649],{},[625,43650,35385],{"href":42892},[20,43652,43653,43654,43656,43657,2695,43659,17526,43661,43663,43664,3384,43667,43670],{},"Try ",[15,43655,35255],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43658,11641],{},[15,43660,136],{},[15,43662,42697],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43665,43666],{},"dir(str)",[15,43668,43669],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2414,43672,43673],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":43675},[43676,43677,43678,43679,43685,43686,43687,43688,43692,43700,43701,43707],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":42557,"depth":102,"text":42558},{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":42682,"depth":102,"text":42683,"children":43680},[43681,43682,43683,43684],{"id":42686,"depth":132,"text":42687},{"id":42739,"depth":132,"text":42740},{"id":34733,"depth":132,"text":42577},{"id":34886,"depth":132,"text":42580},{"id":35145,"depth":102,"text":35146},{"id":42959,"depth":102,"text":42960},{"id":43020,"depth":102,"text":43021},{"id":43162,"depth":102,"text":43163,"children":43689},[43690,43691],{"id":32378,"depth":132,"text":35255},{"id":34599,"depth":132,"text":34538},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":43693},[43694,43696,43697,43698],{"id":43275,"depth":132,"text":43695},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43331,"depth":132,"text":43332},{"id":43343,"depth":132,"text":43344},{"id":43387,"depth":132,"text":43699},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43404,"depth":102,"text":43405},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":43702},[43703,43704,43705,43706],{"id":43527,"depth":132,"text":43528},{"id":43534,"depth":132,"text":43535},{"id":43607,"depth":132,"text":43608},{"id":43619,"depth":132,"text":43620},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42486,"description":43708},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43714,"title":43715,"body":43716,"description":45078,"extension":2465,"meta":45079,"navigation":169,"path":45080,"seo":45081,"stem":45082,"__hash__":45083},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43717,"toc":45051},[43718,43724,43729,43735,43745,43804,43814,43825,43830,43836,43838,43856,43864,43866,43868,43883,43886,43897,43899,43990,43993,43997,44002,44023,44025,44136,44138,44165,44176,44180,44183,44266,44268,44276,44282,44288,44292,44295,44405,44407,44420,44423,44437,44445,44452,44457,44471,44477,44590,44592,44653,44656,44662,44668,44671,44693,44696,44766,44769,44801,44808,44810,44813,44831,44834,44846,44852,44854,44859,44885,44888,44960,44962,44968,44971,44977,44980,44986,44996,45002,45005,45012,45015,45017,45048],[10,43719,4083,43721,4087],{"id":43720},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43722,43723],{},"id()",[20,43725,32543,43726,43728],{},[15,43727,43723],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43730,43731,43732,43734],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43733,43723],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43736,227,43737,43739,43740,43742,43743,113],{},[15,43738,43723],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[590,43741,592],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43744,5191],{},[35,43746,43748],{"className":37,"code":43747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43749,43750,43762,43776,43780,43790],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43751,43752,43754,43756,43758,43760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43753,8372],{"class":50},[44,43755,55],{"class":54},[44,43757,75],{"class":62},[44,43759,7793],{"class":66},[44,43761,3865],{"class":62},[44,43763,43764,43766,43768,43770,43772,43774],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43765,136],{"class":135},[44,43767,120],{"class":58},[44,43769,13118],{"class":135},[44,43771,120],{"class":58},[44,43773,67],{"class":116},[44,43775,2239],{"class":58},[44,43777,43778],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,43779,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,43781,43782,43785,43787],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,43783,43784],{"class":50},"other ",[44,43786,55],{"class":54},[44,43788,43789],{"class":50}," name\n",[44,43791,43792,43794,43796,43798,43800,43802],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,43793,136],{"class":135},[44,43795,120],{"class":58},[44,43797,13118],{"class":135},[44,43799,120],{"class":58},[44,43801,30968],{"class":116},[44,43803,2239],{"class":58},[20,43805,43806,43807,43810,43811,43813],{},"In this example, ",[15,43808,43809],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43812,43723],{}," values match.",[43815,43816,43817],"blockquote",{},[20,43818,227,43819,43821,43822,43824],{},[15,43820,43723],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43823,5191],{}," for value comparison.",[30,43826,243,43828,246],{"id":43827},"what-id-does",[15,43829,43723],{},[20,43831,43832,43835],{},[15,43833,43834],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43837,13515],{},[252,43839,43840,43843,43850,43853],{},[255,43841,43842],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[255,43844,43845,43846,43849],{},"It shows ",[590,43847,43848],{},"object identity",", not object value",[255,43851,43852],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[255,43854,43855],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43857,43858,43859,43863],{},"This is closely related to how ",[625,43860,43862],{"href":43861},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[30,43865,392],{"id":391},[20,43867,5935],{},[35,43869,43871],{"className":37,"code":43870,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"id(object)\n",[15,43872,43873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43874,43875,43877,43879,43881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43876,13118],{"class":135},[44,43878,120],{"class":58},[44,43880,42633],{"class":2248},[44,43882,129],{"class":58},[20,43884,43885],{},"Important details:",[252,43887,43888,43891,43894],{},[255,43889,43890],{},"It takes one argument",[255,43892,43893],{},"It returns an integer",[255,43895,43896],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43898,269],{},[35,43900,43902],{"className":37,"code":43901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43903,43904,43916,43924,43944,43948,43962,43976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43905,43906,43908,43910,43912,43914],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43907,34915],{"class":50},[44,43909,55],{"class":54},[44,43911,75],{"class":62},[44,43913,4349],{"class":66},[44,43915,3865],{"class":62},[44,43917,43918,43920,43922],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43919,2723],{"class":50},[44,43921,55],{"class":54},[44,43923,3273],{"class":95},[44,43925,43926,43928,43930,43932,43934,43936,43938,43940,43942],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,43927,8276],{"class":50},[44,43929,55],{"class":54},[44,43931,1556],{"class":58},[44,43933,1588],{"class":95},[44,43935,83],{"class":58},[44,43937,1717],{"class":95},[44,43939,83],{"class":58},[44,43941,2955],{"class":95},[44,43943,1153],{"class":58},[44,43945,43946],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,43947,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,43949,43950,43952,43954,43956,43958,43960],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,43951,136],{"class":135},[44,43953,120],{"class":58},[44,43955,13118],{"class":135},[44,43957,120],{"class":58},[44,43959,34936],{"class":116},[44,43961,2239],{"class":58},[44,43963,43964,43966,43968,43970,43972,43974],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,43965,136],{"class":135},[44,43967,120],{"class":58},[44,43969,13118],{"class":135},[44,43971,120],{"class":58},[44,43973,2744],{"class":116},[44,43975,2239],{"class":58},[44,43977,43978,43980,43982,43984,43986,43988],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,43979,136],{"class":135},[44,43981,120],{"class":58},[44,43983,13118],{"class":135},[44,43985,120],{"class":58},[44,43987,8305],{"class":116},[44,43989,2239],{"class":58},[20,43991,43992],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[30,43994,43996],{"id":43995},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43998,43999,44000,113],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,44001,43723],{},[252,44003,44004,44011,44018],{},[255,44005,44006,44008,44009],{},[15,44007,5191],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[590,44010,1282],{},[255,44012,44013,44015,44016],{},[15,44014,12666],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[590,44017,42633],{},[255,44019,44020,44022],{},[15,44021,43723],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,44024,269],{},[35,44026,44028],{"className":37,"code":44027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,44029,44030,44050,44070,44074,44091,44108,44122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44031,44032,44034,44036,44038,44040,44042,44044,44046,44048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44033,3058],{"class":50},[44,44035,55],{"class":54},[44,44037,1556],{"class":58},[44,44039,1588],{"class":95},[44,44041,83],{"class":58},[44,44043,1717],{"class":95},[44,44045,83],{"class":58},[44,44047,2955],{"class":95},[44,44049,1153],{"class":58},[44,44051,44052,44054,44056,44058,44060,44062,44064,44066,44068],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44053,3086],{"class":50},[44,44055,55],{"class":54},[44,44057,1556],{"class":58},[44,44059,1588],{"class":95},[44,44061,83],{"class":58},[44,44063,1717],{"class":95},[44,44065,83],{"class":58},[44,44067,2955],{"class":95},[44,44069,1153],{"class":58},[44,44071,44072],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,44073,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,44075,44076,44078,44080,44082,44084,44086,44088],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,44077,136],{"class":135},[44,44079,120],{"class":58},[44,44081,3058],{"class":116},[44,44083,5191],{"class":54},[44,44085,3063],{"class":116},[44,44087,144],{"class":58},[44,44089,44090],{"class":147},"   # True\n",[44,44092,44093,44095,44097,44099,44101,44103,44105],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,44094,136],{"class":135},[44,44096,120],{"class":58},[44,44098,3058],{"class":116},[44,44100,12666],{"class":1140},[44,44102,3063],{"class":116},[44,44104,144],{"class":58},[44,44106,44107],{"class":147},"   # False\n",[44,44109,44110,44112,44114,44116,44118,44120],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,44111,136],{"class":135},[44,44113,120],{"class":58},[44,44115,13118],{"class":135},[44,44117,120],{"class":58},[44,44119,625],{"class":116},[44,44121,2239],{"class":58},[44,44123,44124,44126,44128,44130,44132,44134],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,44125,136],{"class":135},[44,44127,120],{"class":58},[44,44129,13118],{"class":135},[44,44131,120],{"class":58},[44,44133,639],{"class":116},[44,44135,2239],{"class":58},[20,44137,2684],{},[252,44139,44140,44148,44156],{},[255,44141,44142,5285,44145,44147],{},[15,44143,44144],{},"a == b",[15,44146,4112],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[255,44149,44150,5285,44153,44155],{},[15,44151,44152],{},"a is b",[15,44154,4178],{}," because they are different list objects",[255,44157,44158,976,44161,44164],{},[15,44159,44160],{},"id(a)",[15,44162,44163],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44166,44167,44168,976,44172,113],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[625,44169,44171],{"href":44170},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[625,44173,44175],{"href":44174},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[30,44177,44179],{"id":44178},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44181,44182],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[35,44184,44186],{"className":37,"code":44185,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44187,44188,44208,44218,44222,44236,44251],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44189,44190,44192,44194,44196,44198,44200,44202,44204,44206],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44191,1551],{"class":50},[44,44193,55],{"class":54},[44,44195,1556],{"class":58},[44,44197,1559],{"class":95},[44,44199,83],{"class":58},[44,44201,646],{"class":95},[44,44203,83],{"class":58},[44,44205,1568],{"class":95},[44,44207,1153],{"class":58},[44,44209,44210,44213,44215],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44211,44212],{"class":50},"other_numbers ",[44,44214,55],{"class":54},[44,44216,44217],{"class":50}," numbers\n",[44,44219,44220],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,44221,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,44223,44224,44226,44228,44230,44232,44234],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,44225,136],{"class":135},[44,44227,120],{"class":58},[44,44229,13118],{"class":135},[44,44231,120],{"class":58},[44,44233,1579],{"class":116},[44,44235,2239],{"class":58},[44,44237,44238,44240,44242,44244,44246,44249],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,44239,136],{"class":135},[44,44241,120],{"class":58},[44,44243,13118],{"class":135},[44,44245,120],{"class":58},[44,44247,44248],{"class":116},"other_numbers",[44,44250,2239],{"class":58},[44,44252,44253,44255,44257,44259,44261,44264],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,44254,136],{"class":135},[44,44256,120],{"class":58},[44,44258,1551],{"class":116},[44,44260,12666],{"class":1140},[44,44262,44263],{"class":116}," other_numbers",[44,44265,129],{"class":58},[20,44267,6060],{},[35,44269,44270],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,44271,44272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44273,44274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44275,4482],{"class":1266},[20,44277,44278,44279,44281],{},"The two ",[15,44280,43723],{}," values will also match.",[20,44283,22627,44284,44287],{},[15,44285,44286],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[30,44289,44291],{"id":44290},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44293,44294],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[35,44296,44298],{"className":37,"code":44297,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44299,44300,44321,44342,44346,44361,44375,44390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44301,44302,44305,44307,44309,44311,44313,44315,44317,44319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44303,44304],{"class":50},"list_a ",[44,44306,55],{"class":54},[44,44308,1556],{"class":58},[44,44310,1588],{"class":95},[44,44312,83],{"class":58},[44,44314,1717],{"class":95},[44,44316,83],{"class":58},[44,44318,2955],{"class":95},[44,44320,1153],{"class":58},[44,44322,44323,44326,44328,44330,44332,44334,44336,44338,44340],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44324,44325],{"class":50},"list_b ",[44,44327,55],{"class":54},[44,44329,1556],{"class":58},[44,44331,1588],{"class":95},[44,44333,83],{"class":58},[44,44335,1717],{"class":95},[44,44337,83],{"class":58},[44,44339,2955],{"class":95},[44,44341,1153],{"class":58},[44,44343,44344],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,44345,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,44347,44348,44350,44352,44354,44356,44359],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,44349,136],{"class":135},[44,44351,120],{"class":58},[44,44353,44304],{"class":116},[44,44355,5191],{"class":54},[44,44357,44358],{"class":116}," list_b",[44,44360,129],{"class":58},[44,44362,44363,44365,44367,44369,44371,44373],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,44364,136],{"class":135},[44,44366,120],{"class":58},[44,44368,44304],{"class":116},[44,44370,12666],{"class":1140},[44,44372,44358],{"class":116},[44,44374,129],{"class":58},[44,44376,44377,44379,44381,44383,44385,44388],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,44378,136],{"class":135},[44,44380,120],{"class":58},[44,44382,13118],{"class":135},[44,44384,120],{"class":58},[44,44386,44387],{"class":116},"list_a",[44,44389,2239],{"class":58},[44,44391,44392,44394,44396,44398,44400,44403],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,44393,136],{"class":135},[44,44395,120],{"class":58},[44,44397,13118],{"class":135},[44,44399,120],{"class":58},[44,44401,44402],{"class":116},"list_b",[44,44404,2239],{"class":58},[20,44406,6060],{},[35,44408,44410],{"className":37,"code":44409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44411,44412,44416],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44413,44414],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44415,4482],{"class":1266},[44,44417,44418],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44419,4543],{"class":1266},[20,44421,44422],{},"What this means:",[252,44424,44425,44428,44431],{},[255,44426,44427],{},"The lists are equal in value",[255,44429,44430],{},"They are not the same object",[255,44432,44433,44434,44436],{},"Their ",[15,44435,43723],{}," values are usually different",[20,44438,44439,44440,44442,44443,113],{},"This is why ",[15,44441,43723],{}," should not replace ",[15,44444,5191],{},[30,44446,44448,44449,44451],{"id":44447},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44450,43723],{}," is useful",[20,44453,44454,44456],{},[15,44455,43723],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[252,44458,44459,44462,44465,44468],{},[255,44460,44461],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[255,44463,44464],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[255,44466,44467],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[255,44469,44470],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44472,44473,44474,44476],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44475,43723],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[35,44478,44480],{"className":37,"code":44479,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44481,44482,44506,44515,44519,44538,44542,44552,44562,44576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44483,44484,44486,44488,44490,44492,44494,44496,44498,44500,44502,44504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44485,12558],{"class":50},[44,44487,55],{"class":54},[44,44489,1556],{"class":58},[44,44491,63],{"class":62},[44,44493,625],{"class":66},[44,44495,63],{"class":62},[44,44497,83],{"class":58},[44,44499,75],{"class":62},[44,44501,639],{"class":66},[44,44503,63],{"class":62},[44,44505,1153],{"class":58},[44,44507,44508,44511,44513],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44509,44510],{"class":50},"copy_ref ",[44,44512,55],{"class":54},[44,44514,12596],{"class":50},[44,44516,44517],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,44518,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,44520,44521,44524,44526,44528,44530,44532,44534,44536],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,44522,44523],{"class":50},"copy_ref",[44,44525,113],{"class":58},[44,44527,14012],{"class":116},[44,44529,120],{"class":58},[44,44531,63],{"class":62},[44,44533,696],{"class":66},[44,44535,63],{"class":62},[44,44537,129],{"class":58},[44,44539,44540],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,44541,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,44543,44544,44546,44548,44550],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,44545,136],{"class":135},[44,44547,120],{"class":58},[44,44549,12605],{"class":116},[44,44551,129],{"class":58},[44,44553,44554,44556,44558,44560],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,44555,136],{"class":135},[44,44557,120],{"class":58},[44,44559,44523],{"class":116},[44,44561,129],{"class":58},[44,44563,44564,44566,44568,44570,44572,44574],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,44565,136],{"class":135},[44,44567,120],{"class":58},[44,44569,13118],{"class":135},[44,44571,120],{"class":58},[44,44573,12605],{"class":116},[44,44575,2239],{"class":58},[44,44577,44578,44580,44582,44584,44586,44588],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,44579,136],{"class":135},[44,44581,120],{"class":58},[44,44583,13118],{"class":135},[44,44585,120],{"class":58},[44,44587,44523],{"class":116},[44,44589,2239],{"class":58},[20,44591,6060],{},[35,44593,44595],{"className":37,"code":44594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44596,44597,44625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44598,44599,44601,44603,44605,44607,44609,44611,44613,44615,44617,44619,44621,44623],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44600,896],{"class":58},[44,44602,2197],{"class":62},[44,44604,625],{"class":66},[44,44606,2197],{"class":62},[44,44608,83],{"class":58},[44,44610,2232],{"class":62},[44,44612,639],{"class":66},[44,44614,2197],{"class":62},[44,44616,83],{"class":58},[44,44618,2232],{"class":62},[44,44620,696],{"class":66},[44,44622,2197],{"class":62},[44,44624,1153],{"class":58},[44,44626,44627,44629,44631,44633,44635,44637,44639,44641,44643,44645,44647,44649,44651],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44628,896],{"class":58},[44,44630,2197],{"class":62},[44,44632,625],{"class":66},[44,44634,2197],{"class":62},[44,44636,83],{"class":58},[44,44638,2232],{"class":62},[44,44640,639],{"class":66},[44,44642,2197],{"class":62},[44,44644,83],{"class":58},[44,44646,2232],{"class":62},[44,44648,696],{"class":66},[44,44650,2197],{"class":62},[44,44652,1153],{"class":58},[20,44654,44655],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[30,44657,44659,44660],{"id":44658},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44661,43723],{},[20,44663,44664,44665,44667],{},"Do not use ",[15,44666,43723],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44669,44670],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[252,44672,44673,44679,44685,44688],{},[255,44674,44675,44676,44678],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44677,5191],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[255,44680,44681,44682,44684],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44683,43723],{}," values across program runs",[255,44686,44687],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[255,44689,44690,44691],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44692,43723],{},[20,44694,44695],{},"Bad example:",[35,44697,44699],{"className":37,"code":44698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44700,44701,44713,44725,44729,44751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44702,44703,44705,44707,44709,44711],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44704,3058],{"class":50},[44,44706,55],{"class":54},[44,44708,75],{"class":62},[44,44710,37278],{"class":66},[44,44712,3865],{"class":62},[44,44714,44715,44717,44719,44721,44723],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44716,3086],{"class":50},[44,44718,55],{"class":54},[44,44720,75],{"class":62},[44,44722,37278],{"class":66},[44,44724,3865],{"class":62},[44,44726,44727],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,44728,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,44730,44731,44733,44735,44737,44739,44741,44743,44745,44747,44749],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,44732,1345],{"class":1140},[44,44734,15274],{"class":135},[44,44736,120],{"class":58},[44,44738,625],{"class":116},[44,44740,144],{"class":58},[44,44742,6909],{"class":54},[44,44744,15274],{"class":135},[44,44746,120],{"class":58},[44,44748,639],{"class":116},[44,44750,8837],{"class":58},[44,44752,44753,44755,44757,44759,44762,44764],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,44754,1387],{"class":135},[44,44756,120],{"class":58},[44,44758,63],{"class":62},[44,44760,44761],{"class":66},"The values are equal",[44,44763,63],{"class":62},[44,44765,129],{"class":58},[20,44767,44768],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[35,44770,44772],{"className":37,"code":44771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44773,44774,44787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44775,44776,44778,44781,44783,44785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44777,1345],{"class":1140},[44,44779,44780],{"class":50}," a ",[44,44782,5191],{"class":54},[44,44784,3063],{"class":50},[44,44786,1359],{"class":58},[44,44788,44789,44791,44793,44795,44797,44799],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44790,1387],{"class":135},[44,44792,120],{"class":58},[44,44794,63],{"class":62},[44,44796,44761],{"class":66},[44,44798,63],{"class":62},[44,44800,129],{"class":58},[20,44802,227,44803,3384,44805,44807],{},[15,44804,12666],{},[15,44806,43723],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[30,44809,21244],{"id":21243},[20,44811,44812],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[252,44814,44815,44818,44821,44826],{},[255,44816,44817],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[255,44819,44820],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[255,44822,44823,44824],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44825,43723],{},[255,44827,44828,44829],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44830,43723],{},[20,44832,44833],{},"The important rule is:",[252,44835,44836,44841],{},[255,44837,227,44838,44840],{},[15,44839,5191],{}," to check value",[255,44842,227,44843,44845],{},[15,44844,12666],{}," to check identity",[20,44847,44848,44849,44851],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44850,43723],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[30,44853,3335],{"id":3334},[20,44855,44856,44857,72],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44858,43723],{},[252,44860,44861,44869,44872,44875,44880],{},[255,44862,1785,44863,44865,44866,44868],{},[15,44864,43723],{}," when ",[15,44867,5191],{}," should be used",[255,44870,44871],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[255,44873,44874],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[255,44876,44877,44878],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44879,43723],{},[255,44881,1785,44882,44884],{},[15,44883,43723],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44886,44887],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[35,44889,44891],{"className":37,"code":44890,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44892,44893,44908,44922,44936,44950],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44894,44895,44897,44899,44901,44903,44906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44896,136],{"class":135},[44,44898,120],{"class":58},[44,44900,13118],{"class":135},[44,44902,120],{"class":58},[44,44904,44905],{"class":116},"my_object",[44,44907,2239],{"class":58},[44,44909,44910,44912,44914,44916,44918,44920],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44911,136],{"class":135},[44,44913,120],{"class":58},[44,44915,3058],{"class":116},[44,44917,5191],{"class":54},[44,44919,3063],{"class":116},[44,44921,129],{"class":58},[44,44923,44924,44926,44928,44930,44932,44934],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,44925,136],{"class":135},[44,44927,120],{"class":58},[44,44929,3058],{"class":116},[44,44931,12666],{"class":1140},[44,44933,3063],{"class":116},[44,44935,129],{"class":58},[44,44937,44938,44940,44942,44944,44946,44948],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,44939,136],{"class":135},[44,44941,120],{"class":58},[44,44943,2249],{"class":2248},[44,44945,120],{"class":58},[44,44947,44905],{"class":116},[44,44949,2239],{"class":58},[44,44951,44952,44954,44956,44958],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,44953,32378],{"class":135},[44,44955,120],{"class":58},[44,44957,13118],{"class":135},[44,44959,129],{"class":58},[30,44961,2301],{"id":2300},[981,44963,44965,44966,13182],{"id":44964},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44967,43723],{},[20,44969,44970],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[981,44972,15359,44974,44976],{"id":44973},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44975,43723],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44978,44979],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[981,44981,21860,44983,44985],{"id":44982},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44984,43723],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44987,30495,44988,44990,44991,3384,44993,44995],{},[15,44989,5191],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44992,43723],{},[15,44994,12666],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[981,44997,44999,45000,2363],{"id":44998},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,45001,43723],{},[20,45003,45004],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[981,45006,45008,45009,45011],{"id":45007},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,45010,43723],{}," values?",[20,45013,45014],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[30,45016,2375],{"id":2374},[252,45018,45019,45024,45029,45034,45042],{},[255,45020,45021],{},[625,45022,45023],{"href":43861},"Python variables explained for beginners",[255,45025,45026],{},[625,45027,45028],{"href":44170},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[255,45030,45031],{},[625,45032,45033],{"href":44174},"Python data types overview",[255,45035,45036],{},[625,45037,4083,45039,4016],{"href":45038},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,45040,45041],{},"isinstance()",[255,45043,45044],{},[625,45045,45047],{"href":45046},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2414,45049,45050],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":45052},[45053,45055,45056,45057,45058,45059,45061,45063,45064,45065,45077],{"id":43827,"depth":102,"text":45054},"What id() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":43995,"depth":102,"text":43996},{"id":44178,"depth":102,"text":44179},{"id":44290,"depth":102,"text":44291},{"id":44447,"depth":102,"text":45060},"When id() is useful",{"id":44658,"depth":102,"text":45062},"When not to use id()",{"id":21243,"depth":102,"text":21244},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":45066},[45067,45069,45071,45073,45075],{"id":44964,"depth":132,"text":45068},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44973,"depth":132,"text":45070},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44982,"depth":132,"text":45072},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44998,"depth":132,"text":45074},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":45007,"depth":132,"text":45076},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43715,"description":45078},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45085,"title":42428,"body":45086,"description":46726,"extension":2465,"meta":46727,"navigation":169,"path":46728,"seo":46729,"stem":46730,"__hash__":46731},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45087,"toc":46692},[45088,45093,45098,45101,45103,45146,45151,45154,45159,45164,45167,45183,45185,45229,45231,45258,45260,45275,45277,45279,45281,45297,45299,45311,45314,45348,45351,45376,45381,45383,45388,45392,45395,45397,45445,45447,45480,45486,45497,45499,45551,45553,45584,45586,45590,45594,45637,45643,45649,45701,45709,45714,45718,45809,45811,45844,45847,45849,45909,45911,45937,45947,45949,45953,45958,45963,45965,46002,46004,46023,46026,46030,46033,46089,46101,46110,46112,46139,46147,46154,46158,46161,46198,46201,46207,46244,46246,46250,46256,46274,46279,46327,46331,46420,46423,46430,46432,46434,46439,46457,46459,46502,46508,46525,46527,46589,46591,46593,46599,46607,46613,46619,46628,46638,46642,46650,46652,46654,46689],[10,45089,4083,45091,4087],{"id":45090},"python-input-function-explained",[15,45092,3464],{},[20,45094,2482,45095,45097],{},[15,45096,3464],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,45099,45100],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[30,45102,2507],{"id":2506},[35,45104,45106],{"className":37,"code":45105,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,45107,45108,45127],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45109,45110,45112,45114,45116,45118,45120,45123,45125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45111,8372],{"class":50},[44,45113,55],{"class":54},[44,45115,8737],{"class":135},[44,45117,120],{"class":58},[44,45119,63],{"class":62},[44,45121,45122],{"class":66},"Enter your name: ",[44,45124,63],{"class":62},[44,45126,129],{"class":58},[44,45128,45129,45131,45133,45135,45138,45140,45142,45144],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45130,136],{"class":135},[44,45132,120],{"class":58},[44,45134,63],{"class":62},[44,45136,45137],{"class":66},"Hello, ",[44,45139,63],{"class":62},[44,45141,2958],{"class":54},[44,45143,36221],{"class":116},[44,45145,129],{"class":58},[20,45147,227,45148,45150],{},[15,45149,3464],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45152,45153],"hr",{},[30,45155,243,45157,246],{"id":45156},"what-input-does",[15,45158,3464],{},[20,45160,45161,45163],{},[15,45162,3464],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45165,45166],{},"Here is what happens:",[252,45168,45169,45174,45177,45180],{},[255,45170,45171,45173],{},[15,45172,3464],{}," waits for the user to type",[255,45175,45176],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[255,45178,45179],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[255,45181,45182],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45184,269],{},[35,45186,45188],{"className":37,"code":45187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45189,45190,45210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45191,45192,45195,45197,45199,45201,45203,45206,45208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45193,45194],{"class":50},"color ",[44,45196,55],{"class":54},[44,45198,8737],{"class":135},[44,45200,120],{"class":58},[44,45202,63],{"class":62},[44,45204,45205],{"class":66},"What is your favorite color? ",[44,45207,63],{"class":62},[44,45209,129],{"class":58},[44,45211,45212,45214,45216,45218,45221,45223,45225,45227],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45213,136],{"class":135},[44,45215,120],{"class":58},[44,45217,63],{"class":62},[44,45219,45220],{"class":66},"Your favorite color is",[44,45222,63],{"class":62},[44,45224,83],{"class":58},[44,45226,36080],{"class":116},[44,45228,129],{"class":58},[20,45230,30254],{},[35,45232,45234],{"className":37,"code":45233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45235,45236,45249],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45237,45238,45240,45242,45245,45247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45239,243],{"class":50},[44,45241,12666],{"class":54},[44,45243,45244],{"class":50}," your favorite color",[44,45246,2363],{"class":37598},[44,45248,36110],{"class":50},[44,45250,45251,45254,45256],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45252,45253],{"class":50},"Your favorite color ",[44,45255,12666],{"class":54},[44,45257,36110],{"class":50},[20,45259,20403],{},[252,45261,45262,45267,45272],{},[255,45263,45264,45265],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45266,45205],{},[255,45268,45269,45270],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45271,33117],{},[255,45273,45274],{},"That value is then printed",[45152,45276],{},[30,45278,392],{"id":391},[20,45280,7714],{},[35,45282,45284],{"className":37,"code":45283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45285,45286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45287,45288,45290,45292,45295],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45289,42697],{"class":135},[44,45291,120],{"class":58},[44,45293,45294],{"class":116},"prompt",[44,45296,129],{"class":58},[20,45298,11935],{},[252,45300,45301,45305,45308],{},[255,45302,2482,45303,20485],{},[15,45304,45294],{},[255,45306,45307],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[255,45309,45310],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45312,45313],{},"Example with a prompt:",[35,45315,45317],{"className":37,"code":45316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45318,45319,45338],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45320,45321,45323,45325,45327,45329,45331,45334,45336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45322,8456],{"class":50},[44,45324,55],{"class":54},[44,45326,8737],{"class":135},[44,45328,120],{"class":58},[44,45330,63],{"class":62},[44,45332,45333],{"class":66},"Enter your username: ",[44,45335,63],{"class":62},[44,45337,129],{"class":58},[44,45339,45340,45342,45344,45346],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45341,136],{"class":135},[44,45343,120],{"class":58},[44,45345,8480],{"class":116},[44,45347,129],{"class":58},[20,45349,45350],{},"Example without a prompt:",[35,45352,45354],{"className":37,"code":45353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45355,45356,45366],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45357,45358,45360,45362,45364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45359,1244],{"class":50},[44,45361,55],{"class":54},[44,45363,8737],{"class":135},[44,45365,9138],{"class":58},[44,45367,45368,45370,45372,45374],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45369,136],{"class":135},[44,45371,120],{"class":58},[44,45373,1282],{"class":116},[44,45375,129],{"class":58},[20,45377,8259,45378,45380],{},[15,45379,3464],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45152,45382],{},[30,45384,243,45386,12180],{"id":45385},"what-input-returns",[15,45387,3464],{},[20,45389,45390,8720],{},[15,45391,3464],{},[20,45393,45394],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45396,269],{},[35,45398,45400],{"className":37,"code":45399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45401,45402,45421,45431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45403,45404,45406,45408,45410,45412,45414,45417,45419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45405,1036],{"class":50},[44,45407,55],{"class":54},[44,45409,8737],{"class":135},[44,45411,120],{"class":58},[44,45413,63],{"class":62},[44,45415,45416],{"class":66},"Enter your age: ",[44,45418,63],{"class":62},[44,45420,129],{"class":58},[44,45422,45423,45425,45427,45429],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45424,136],{"class":135},[44,45426,120],{"class":58},[44,45428,88],{"class":116},[44,45430,129],{"class":58},[44,45432,45433,45435,45437,45439,45441,45443],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,45434,136],{"class":135},[44,45436,120],{"class":58},[44,45438,2249],{"class":2248},[44,45440,120],{"class":58},[44,45442,88],{"class":116},[44,45444,2239],{"class":58},[20,45446,30254],{},[35,45448,45450],{"className":37,"code":45449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45451,45452,45462,45466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45453,45454,45457,45459],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45455,45456],{"class":50},"Enter your age",[44,45458,72],{"class":58},[44,45460,45461],{"class":95}," 25\n",[44,45463,45464],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45465,3213],{"class":95},[44,45467,45468,45470,45472,45474,45476,45478],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,45469,3797],{"class":54},[44,45471,3800],{"class":2570},[44,45473,2232],{"class":62},[44,45475,3950],{"class":66},[44,45477,2197],{"class":62},[44,45479,3809],{"class":54},[20,45481,45482,45483,45485],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45484,9686],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45487,45488,45489,3384,45493,113],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[625,45490,45491],{"href":3380},[15,45492,3383],{},[625,45494,45495],{"href":3387},[15,45496,3390],{},[20,45498,269],{},[35,45500,45502],{"className":37,"code":45501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45503,45504,45527,45537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45505,45506,45508,45510,45513,45515,45517,45519,45521,45523,45525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45507,1036],{"class":50},[44,45509,55],{"class":54},[44,45511,45512],{"class":2248}," int",[44,45514,120],{"class":58},[44,45516,42697],{"class":135},[44,45518,120],{"class":58},[44,45520,63],{"class":62},[44,45522,45416],{"class":66},[44,45524,63],{"class":62},[44,45526,2239],{"class":58},[44,45528,45529,45531,45533,45535],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45530,136],{"class":135},[44,45532,120],{"class":58},[44,45534,88],{"class":116},[44,45536,129],{"class":58},[44,45538,45539,45541,45543,45545,45547,45549],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,45540,136],{"class":135},[44,45542,120],{"class":58},[44,45544,2249],{"class":2248},[44,45546,120],{"class":58},[44,45548,88],{"class":116},[44,45550,2239],{"class":58},[20,45552,30254],{},[35,45554,45556],{"className":37,"code":45555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45557,45558,45566,45570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45559,45560,45562,45564],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45561,45456],{"class":50},[44,45563,72],{"class":58},[44,45565,45461],{"class":95},[44,45567,45568],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45569,3213],{"class":95},[44,45571,45572,45574,45576,45578,45580,45582],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,45573,3797],{"class":54},[44,45575,3800],{"class":2570},[44,45577,2232],{"class":62},[44,45579,2694],{"class":66},[44,45581,2197],{"class":62},[44,45583,3809],{"class":54},[45152,45585],{},[30,45587,45589],{"id":45588},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[981,45591,45593],{"id":45592},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[35,45595,45597],{"className":37,"code":45596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45598,45599,45618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45600,45601,45603,45605,45607,45609,45611,45614,45616],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45602,8372],{"class":50},[44,45604,55],{"class":54},[44,45606,8737],{"class":135},[44,45608,120],{"class":58},[44,45610,63],{"class":62},[44,45612,45613],{"class":66},"What is your name? ",[44,45615,63],{"class":62},[44,45617,129],{"class":58},[44,45619,45620,45622,45624,45626,45629,45631,45633,45635],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45621,136],{"class":135},[44,45623,120],{"class":58},[44,45625,63],{"class":62},[44,45627,45628],{"class":66},"Hello,",[44,45630,63],{"class":62},[44,45632,83],{"class":58},[44,45634,36221],{"class":116},[44,45636,129],{"class":58},[20,45638,45639,45640,45642],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45641,67],{}," and prints it.",[981,45644,45646,45647],{"id":45645},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45648,3383],{},[35,45650,45652],{"className":37,"code":45651,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45653,45654,45677],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45655,45656,45658,45660,45662,45664,45666,45668,45670,45673,45675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45657,1036],{"class":50},[44,45659,55],{"class":54},[44,45661,45512],{"class":2248},[44,45663,120],{"class":58},[44,45665,42697],{"class":135},[44,45667,120],{"class":58},[44,45669,63],{"class":62},[44,45671,45672],{"class":66},"How old are you? ",[44,45674,63],{"class":62},[44,45676,2239],{"class":58},[44,45678,45679,45681,45683,45685,45688,45690,45692,45695,45697,45699],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45680,136],{"class":135},[44,45682,120],{"class":58},[44,45684,63],{"class":62},[44,45686,45687],{"class":66},"Next year you will be",[44,45689,63],{"class":62},[44,45691,83],{"class":58},[44,45693,45694],{"class":116}," age ",[44,45696,2564],{"class":54},[44,45698,1703],{"class":95},[44,45700,129],{"class":58},[20,45702,6561,45703,45705,45706,45708],{},[15,45704,3383],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45707,3464],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45710,45711,45712,113],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[625,45713,9474],{"href":9473},[981,45715,45717],{"id":45716},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[35,45719,45721],{"className":37,"code":45720,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45722,45723,45747,45771,45785,45789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45724,45725,45728,45730,45732,45734,45736,45738,45740,45743,45745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45726,45727],{"class":50},"num1 ",[44,45729,55],{"class":54},[44,45731,45512],{"class":2248},[44,45733,120],{"class":58},[44,45735,42697],{"class":135},[44,45737,120],{"class":58},[44,45739,63],{"class":62},[44,45741,45742],{"class":66},"Enter the first number: ",[44,45744,63],{"class":62},[44,45746,2239],{"class":58},[44,45748,45749,45752,45754,45756,45758,45760,45762,45764,45767,45769],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45750,45751],{"class":50},"num2 ",[44,45753,55],{"class":54},[44,45755,45512],{"class":2248},[44,45757,120],{"class":58},[44,45759,42697],{"class":135},[44,45761,120],{"class":58},[44,45763,63],{"class":62},[44,45765,45766],{"class":66},"Enter the second number: ",[44,45768,63],{"class":62},[44,45770,2239],{"class":58},[44,45772,45773,45775,45777,45780,45782],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,45774,41416],{"class":50},[44,45776,55],{"class":54},[44,45778,45779],{"class":50}," num1 ",[44,45781,2564],{"class":54},[44,45783,45784],{"class":50}," num2\n",[44,45786,45787],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,45788,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,45790,45791,45793,45795,45797,45800,45802,45804,45807],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,45792,136],{"class":135},[44,45794,120],{"class":58},[44,45796,63],{"class":62},[44,45798,45799],{"class":66},"Total:",[44,45801,63],{"class":62},[44,45803,83],{"class":58},[44,45805,45806],{"class":116}," total",[44,45808,129],{"class":58},[20,45810,30254],{},[35,45812,45814],{"className":37,"code":45813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45815,45816,45826,45835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45817,45818,45821,45823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45819,45820],{"class":50},"Enter the first number",[44,45822,72],{"class":58},[44,45824,45825],{"class":95}," 2\n",[44,45827,45828,45831,45833],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45829,45830],{"class":50},"Enter the second number",[44,45832,72],{"class":58},[44,45834,3081],{"class":95},[44,45836,45837,45840,45842],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,45838,45839],{"class":50},"Total",[44,45841,72],{"class":58},[44,45843,35070],{"class":95},[20,45845,45846],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45848,269],{},[35,45850,45852],{"className":37,"code":45851,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45853,45854,45872,45890,45894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45855,45856,45858,45860,45862,45864,45866,45868,45870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45857,45727],{"class":50},[44,45859,55],{"class":54},[44,45861,8737],{"class":135},[44,45863,120],{"class":58},[44,45865,63],{"class":62},[44,45867,45742],{"class":66},[44,45869,63],{"class":62},[44,45871,129],{"class":58},[44,45873,45874,45876,45878,45880,45882,45884,45886,45888],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45875,45751],{"class":50},[44,45877,55],{"class":54},[44,45879,8737],{"class":135},[44,45881,120],{"class":58},[44,45883,63],{"class":62},[44,45885,45766],{"class":66},[44,45887,63],{"class":62},[44,45889,129],{"class":58},[44,45891,45892],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,45893,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,45895,45896,45898,45900,45902,45904,45907],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,45897,136],{"class":135},[44,45899,120],{"class":58},[44,45901,45727],{"class":116},[44,45903,2564],{"class":54},[44,45905,45906],{"class":116}," num2",[44,45908,129],{"class":58},[20,45910,30254],{},[35,45912,45914],{"className":37,"code":45913,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45915,45916,45924,45932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45917,45918,45920,45922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45919,45820],{"class":50},[44,45921,72],{"class":58},[44,45923,45825],{"class":95},[44,45925,45926,45928,45930],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45927,45830],{"class":50},[44,45929,72],{"class":58},[44,45931,3081],{"class":95},[44,45933,45934],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,45935,45936],{"class":95},"23\n",[20,45938,45939,45940,45943,45944,113],{},"That happens because ",[15,45941,45942],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45945,45946],{},"\"23\"",[45152,45948],{},[30,45950,45952],{"id":45951},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45954,45955,45956,113],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45957,3464],{},[981,45959,1675,45961,41776],{"id":45960},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45962,3464],{},[20,45964,39431],{},[35,45966,45968],{"className":37,"code":45967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45969,45970,45988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45971,45972,45974,45976,45978,45980,45982,45984,45986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45973,1244],{"class":50},[44,45975,55],{"class":54},[44,45977,8737],{"class":135},[44,45979,120],{"class":58},[44,45981,63],{"class":62},[44,45983,42105],{"class":66},[44,45985,63],{"class":62},[44,45987,129],{"class":58},[44,45989,45990,45992,45994,45996,45998,46000],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45991,136],{"class":135},[44,45993,120],{"class":58},[44,45995,2249],{"class":2248},[44,45997,120],{"class":58},[44,45999,1282],{"class":116},[44,46001,2239],{"class":58},[20,46003,2576],{},[35,46005,46007],{"className":37,"code":46006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,46008,46009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46010,46011,46013,46015,46017,46019,46021],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46012,3797],{"class":54},[44,46014,3800],{"class":2570},[44,46016,2232],{"class":62},[44,46018,3950],{"class":66},[44,46020,2197],{"class":62},[44,46022,3809],{"class":54},[20,46024,46025],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[981,46027,46029],{"id":46028},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,46031,46032],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[35,46034,46036],{"className":37,"code":46035,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,46037,46038,46056,46075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46039,46040,46042,46044,46046,46048,46050,46052,46054],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46041,3058],{"class":50},[44,46043,55],{"class":54},[44,46045,8737],{"class":135},[44,46047,120],{"class":58},[44,46049,63],{"class":62},[44,46051,42105],{"class":66},[44,46053,63],{"class":62},[44,46055,129],{"class":58},[44,46057,46058,46060,46062,46064,46066,46068,46071,46073],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46059,3086],{"class":50},[44,46061,55],{"class":54},[44,46063,8737],{"class":135},[44,46065,120],{"class":58},[44,46067,63],{"class":62},[44,46069,46070],{"class":66},"Enter another number: ",[44,46072,63],{"class":62},[44,46074,129],{"class":58},[44,46076,46077,46079,46081,46083,46085,46087],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,46078,136],{"class":135},[44,46080,120],{"class":58},[44,46082,3058],{"class":116},[44,46084,2564],{"class":54},[44,46086,3063],{"class":116},[44,46088,129],{"class":58},[20,46090,41354,46091,976,46093,46095,46096,19413,46099,113],{},[15,46092,3008],{},[15,46094,2643],{},", the result is ",[15,46097,46098],{},"45",[15,46100,2651],{},[981,46102,46104,46105,46107,46108],{"id":46103},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,46106,40937],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,46109,3383],{},[20,46111,269],{},[35,46113,46115],{"className":37,"code":46114,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46116,46117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46118,46119,46121,46123,46125,46127,46129,46131,46133,46135,46137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46120,1036],{"class":50},[44,46122,55],{"class":54},[44,46124,45512],{"class":2248},[44,46126,120],{"class":58},[44,46128,42697],{"class":135},[44,46130,120],{"class":58},[44,46132,63],{"class":62},[44,46134,45416],{"class":66},[44,46136,63],{"class":62},[44,46138,2239],{"class":58},[20,46140,8766,46141,46144,46145,113],{},[15,46142,46143],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46146,40937],{},[20,46148,46149,46150,113],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[625,46151,46153],{"href":46152},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[981,46155,46157],{"id":46156},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46159,46160],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[35,46162,46164],{"className":37,"code":46163,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46165,46166,46184],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46167,46168,46170,46172,46174,46176,46178,46180,46182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46169,8372],{"class":50},[44,46171,55],{"class":54},[44,46173,8737],{"class":135},[44,46175,120],{"class":58},[44,46177,63],{"class":62},[44,46179,45122],{"class":66},[44,46181,63],{"class":62},[44,46183,129],{"class":58},[44,46185,46186,46188,46190,46192,46194,46196],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46187,136],{"class":135},[44,46189,120],{"class":58},[44,46191,42013],{"class":135},[44,46193,120],{"class":58},[44,46195,67],{"class":116},[44,46197,2239],{"class":58},[20,46199,46200],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46202,46203,46204,72],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46205,46206],{},".strip()",[35,46208,46210],{"className":37,"code":46209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46211,46212,46234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46213,46214,46216,46218,46220,46222,46224,46226,46228,46230,46232],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46215,8372],{"class":50},[44,46217,55],{"class":54},[44,46219,8737],{"class":135},[44,46221,120],{"class":58},[44,46223,63],{"class":62},[44,46225,45122],{"class":66},[44,46227,63],{"class":62},[44,46229,9126],{"class":58},[44,46231,9129],{"class":116},[44,46233,9138],{"class":58},[44,46235,46236,46238,46240,46242],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46237,136],{"class":135},[44,46239,120],{"class":58},[44,46241,67],{"class":116},[44,46243,129],{"class":58},[45152,46245],{},[30,46247,46249],{"id":46248},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46251,46252,46253,46255],{},"These habits make ",[15,46254,3464],{}," easier and safer to use.",[252,46257,46258,46261,46266,46269],{},[255,46259,46260],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[255,46262,227,46263,46265],{},[15,46264,46206],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[255,46267,46268],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[255,46270,227,46271,46273],{},[15,46272,30006],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46275,46276,46277,72],{},"Example with ",[15,46278,46206],{},[35,46280,46282],{"className":37,"code":46281,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46283,46284,46308],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46285,46286,46289,46291,46293,46295,46297,46300,46302,46304,46306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46287,46288],{"class":50},"city ",[44,46290,55],{"class":54},[44,46292,8737],{"class":135},[44,46294,120],{"class":58},[44,46296,63],{"class":62},[44,46298,46299],{"class":66},"Enter your city: ",[44,46301,63],{"class":62},[44,46303,9126],{"class":58},[44,46305,9129],{"class":116},[44,46307,9138],{"class":58},[44,46309,46310,46312,46314,46316,46319,46321,46323,46325],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46311,136],{"class":135},[44,46313,120],{"class":58},[44,46315,63],{"class":62},[44,46317,46318],{"class":66},"City:",[44,46320,63],{"class":62},[44,46322,83],{"class":58},[44,46324,31610],{"class":116},[44,46326,129],{"class":58},[20,46328,46276,46329,72],{},[15,46330,30006],{},[35,46332,46334],{"className":37,"code":46333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46335,46336,46342,46365,46397,46405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46337,46338,46340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46339,30028],{"class":1140},[44,46341,1359],{"class":58},[44,46343,46344,46347,46349,46351,46353,46355,46357,46359,46361,46363],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46345,46346],{"class":50},"    age ",[44,46348,55],{"class":54},[44,46350,45512],{"class":2248},[44,46352,120],{"class":58},[44,46354,42697],{"class":135},[44,46356,120],{"class":58},[44,46358,63],{"class":62},[44,46360,45416],{"class":66},[44,46362,63],{"class":62},[44,46364,2239],{"class":58},[44,46366,46367,46369,46371,46373,46376,46378,46380,46382,46384,46386,46388,46390,46393,46395],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,46368,1387],{"class":135},[44,46370,120],{"class":58},[44,46372,63],{"class":62},[44,46374,46375],{"class":66},"You will be",[44,46377,63],{"class":62},[44,46379,83],{"class":58},[44,46381,45694],{"class":116},[44,46383,2564],{"class":54},[44,46385,1703],{"class":95},[44,46387,83],{"class":58},[44,46389,75],{"class":62},[44,46391,46392],{"class":66},"next year",[44,46394,63],{"class":62},[44,46396,129],{"class":58},[44,46398,46399,46401,46403],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,46400,30059],{"class":1140},[44,46402,42160],{"class":2248},[44,46404,1359],{"class":58},[44,46406,46407,46409,46411,46413,46416,46418],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,46408,1387],{"class":135},[44,46410,120],{"class":58},[44,46412,63],{"class":62},[44,46414,46415],{"class":66},"Please enter a whole number.",[44,46417,63],{"class":62},[44,46419,129],{"class":58},[20,46421,46422],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46424,46425,46426,113],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[625,46427,46429],{"href":46428},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45152,46431],{},[30,46433,3335],{"id":3334},[20,46435,46436,46437,72],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46438,3464],{},[252,46440,46441,46448,46451,46454],{},[255,46442,46443,46444,3384,46446],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46445,3383],{},[15,46447,3390],{},[255,46449,46450],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[255,46452,46453],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[255,46455,46456],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46458,32308],{},[35,46460,46462],{"className":37,"code":46461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46463,46464,46474,46488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46465,46466,46468,46470,46472],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46467,136],{"class":135},[44,46469,120],{"class":58},[44,46471,1282],{"class":116},[44,46473,129],{"class":58},[44,46475,46476,46478,46480,46482,46484,46486],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46477,136],{"class":135},[44,46479,120],{"class":58},[44,46481,2249],{"class":2248},[44,46483,120],{"class":58},[44,46485,1282],{"class":116},[44,46487,2239],{"class":58},[44,46489,46490,46492,46494,46496,46498,46500],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,46491,136],{"class":135},[44,46493,120],{"class":58},[44,46495,42013],{"class":135},[44,46497,120],{"class":58},[44,46499,1282],{"class":116},[44,46501,2239],{"class":58},[20,46503,46504,46505,46507],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46506,3464],{}," actually returned:",[252,46509,46510,46515,46520],{},[255,46511,46512,46514],{},[15,46513,42061],{}," shows the value",[255,46516,46517,46519],{},[15,46518,42067],{}," shows the data type",[255,46521,46522,46524],{},[15,46523,42072],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46526,269],{},[35,46528,46530],{"className":37,"code":46529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46531,46532,46551,46561,46575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46533,46534,46536,46538,46540,46542,46544,46547,46549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46535,1244],{"class":50},[44,46537,55],{"class":54},[44,46539,8737],{"class":135},[44,46541,120],{"class":58},[44,46543,63],{"class":62},[44,46545,46546],{"class":66},"Enter something: ",[44,46548,63],{"class":62},[44,46550,129],{"class":58},[44,46552,46553,46555,46557,46559],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46554,136],{"class":135},[44,46556,120],{"class":58},[44,46558,1282],{"class":116},[44,46560,129],{"class":58},[44,46562,46563,46565,46567,46569,46571,46573],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,46564,136],{"class":135},[44,46566,120],{"class":58},[44,46568,2249],{"class":2248},[44,46570,120],{"class":58},[44,46572,1282],{"class":116},[44,46574,2239],{"class":58},[44,46576,46577,46579,46581,46583,46585,46587],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,46578,136],{"class":135},[44,46580,120],{"class":58},[44,46582,42013],{"class":135},[44,46584,120],{"class":58},[44,46586,1282],{"class":116},[44,46588,2239],{"class":58},[45152,46590],{},[30,46592,2301],{"id":2300},[981,46594,2329,46596,46598],{"id":46595},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46597,3464],{}," return an integer?",[20,46600,46601,46602,46604,46605,40162],{},"No. ",[15,46603,3464],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46606,3383],{},[981,46608,46610,46611,2363],{"id":46609},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46612,3464],{},[20,46614,46615,46616,46618],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46617,3464],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[981,46620,5659,46622,46625,46626,2363],{"id":46621},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46623,46624],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46627,3464],{},[20,46629,29285,46630,46632,46633,42389,46635,46637],{},[15,46631,3464],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46634,45942],{},[15,46636,45946],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[981,46639,46641],{"id":46640},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46643,227,46644,46646,46647,113],{},[15,46645,46206],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46648,46649],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45152,46651],{},[30,46653,2375],{"id":2374},[252,46655,46656,46661,46665,46671,46677,46681],{},[255,46657,46658],{},[625,46659,46660],{"href":46428},"How to get user input in Python",[255,46662,46663],{},[625,46664,9551],{"href":9473},[255,46666,46667],{},[625,46668,4083,46669,4016],{"href":3380},[15,46670,3383],{},[255,46672,46673],{},[625,46674,4083,46675,4016],{"href":3387},[15,46676,3390],{},[255,46678,46679],{},[625,46680,46153],{"href":46152},[255,46682,46683],{},[625,46684,4083,46686,4016],{"href":46685},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46687,46688],{},"print()",[2414,46690,46691],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":46693},[46694,46695,46697,46698,46700,46706,46714,46715,46716,46725],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":45156,"depth":102,"text":46696},"What input() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":45385,"depth":102,"text":46699},"What input() returns",{"id":45588,"depth":102,"text":45589,"children":46701},[46702,46703,46705],{"id":45592,"depth":132,"text":45593},{"id":45645,"depth":132,"text":46704},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45716,"depth":132,"text":45717},{"id":45951,"depth":102,"text":45952,"children":46707},[46708,46710,46711,46713],{"id":45960,"depth":132,"text":46709},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":46028,"depth":132,"text":46029},{"id":46103,"depth":132,"text":46712},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46156,"depth":132,"text":46157},{"id":46248,"depth":102,"text":46249},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":46717},[46718,46720,46722,46724],{"id":46595,"depth":132,"text":46719},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46609,"depth":132,"text":46721},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46621,"depth":132,"text":46723},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46640,"depth":132,"text":46641},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42428,"description":46726},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46733,"title":42330,"body":46734,"description":49047,"extension":2465,"meta":49048,"navigation":169,"path":49049,"seo":49050,"stem":49051,"__hash__":49052},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46735,"toc":48999},[46736,46741,46746,46751,46772,46775,46777,46837,46839,46858,46863,46868,46873,46875,46888,46890,46973,46975,47016,47022,47024,47054,47060,47063,47080,47082,47134,47136,47154,47160,47166,47169,47187,47189,47262,47264,47283,47290,47296,47301,47304,47364,47366,47385,47388,47391,47406,47412,47416,47477,47479,47500,47504,47633,47635,47765,47775,47781,47787,47795,47861,47863,47888,47891,47908,47921,47927,47930,47963,47965,47978,47981,48024,48026,48034,48041,48045,48052,48056,48083,48085,48093,48099,48116,48121,48125,48152,48154,48162,48166,48171,48174,48200,48203,48212,48220,48224,48234,48238,48241,48243,48294,48296,48326,48336,48363,48365,48373,48383,48387,48390,48392,48440,48442,48486,48492,48543,48545,48564,48569,48574,48577,48596,48599,48651,48653,48662,48664,48668,48672,48675,48684,48691,48693,48720,48724,48726,48735,48738,48745,48751,48811,48815,48817,48825,48828,48854,48860,48863,48883,48885,48894,48902,48904,48910,48915,48922,48932,48938,48946,48950,48953,48955,48996],[10,46737,4083,46739,4087],{"id":46738},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46740,3383],{},[20,46742,32543,46743,46745],{},[15,46744,3383],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46747,35634,46748,46750],{},[15,46749,3383],{}," when they want to:",[252,46752,46753,46763,46766,46769],{},[255,46754,46755,46756,46759,46760],{},"turn text like ",[15,46757,46758],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46761,46762],{},"42",[255,46764,46765],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[255,46767,46768],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[255,46770,46771],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46773,46774],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[30,46776,2507],{"id":2506},[35,46778,46780],{"className":37,"code":46779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46781,46782,46800,46814],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46783,46784,46786,46788,46790,46792,46794,46796,46798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46785,136],{"class":135},[44,46787,120],{"class":58},[44,46789,2694],{"class":2248},[44,46791,120],{"class":58},[44,46793,63],{"class":62},[44,46795,46762],{"class":66},[44,46797,63],{"class":62},[44,46799,2239],{"class":58},[44,46801,46802,46804,46806,46808,46810,46812],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46803,136],{"class":135},[44,46805,120],{"class":58},[44,46807,2694],{"class":2248},[44,46809,120],{"class":58},[44,46811,42218],{"class":95},[44,46813,2239],{"class":58},[44,46815,46816,46818,46820,46822,46824,46826,46829,46831,46833,46835],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,46817,136],{"class":135},[44,46819,120],{"class":58},[44,46821,2694],{"class":2248},[44,46823,120],{"class":58},[44,46825,63],{"class":62},[44,46827,46828],{"class":66},"101",[44,46830,63],{"class":62},[44,46832,83],{"class":58},[44,46834,1717],{"class":95},[44,46836,2239],{"class":58},[20,46838,2576],{},[35,46840,46842],{"className":37,"code":46841,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46843,46844,46849,46854],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46845,46846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46847,46848],{"class":95},"42\n",[44,46850,46851],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46852,46853],{"class":95},"3\n",[44,46855,46856],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,46857,3453],{"class":95},[20,46859,227,46860,46862],{},[15,46861,3383],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[30,46864,243,46866,246],{"id":46865},"what-int-does",[15,46867,3383],{},[20,46869,46870,46872],{},[15,46871,3383],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46874,13515],{},[252,46876,46877,46882,46885],{},[255,46878,46879,46880,7836],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46881,2694],{},[255,46883,46884],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[255,46886,46887],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46889,269],{},[35,46891,46893],{"className":37,"code":46892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46894,46895,46907,46921,46925,46935,46945,46959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46896,46897,46899,46901,46903,46905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46898,34915],{"class":50},[44,46900,55],{"class":54},[44,46902,75],{"class":62},[44,46904,9686],{"class":66},[44,46906,3865],{"class":62},[44,46908,46909,46911,46913,46915,46917,46919],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46910,2723],{"class":50},[44,46912,55],{"class":54},[44,46914,45512],{"class":2248},[44,46916,120],{"class":58},[44,46918,34936],{"class":116},[44,46920,129],{"class":58},[44,46922,46923],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,46924,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,46926,46927,46929,46931,46933],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,46928,136],{"class":135},[44,46930,120],{"class":58},[44,46932,34936],{"class":116},[44,46934,129],{"class":58},[44,46936,46937,46939,46941,46943],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,46938,136],{"class":135},[44,46940,120],{"class":58},[44,46942,2744],{"class":116},[44,46944,129],{"class":58},[44,46946,46947,46949,46951,46953,46955,46957],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,46948,136],{"class":135},[44,46950,120],{"class":58},[44,46952,2249],{"class":2248},[44,46954,120],{"class":58},[44,46956,34936],{"class":116},[44,46958,2239],{"class":58},[44,46960,46961,46963,46965,46967,46969,46971],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,46962,136],{"class":135},[44,46964,120],{"class":58},[44,46966,2249],{"class":2248},[44,46968,120],{"class":58},[44,46970,2744],{"class":116},[44,46972,2239],{"class":58},[20,46974,2576],{},[35,46976,46978],{"className":37,"code":46977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46979,46980,46984,46988,47002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46981,46982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46983,3213],{"class":95},[44,46985,46986],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46987,3213],{"class":95},[44,46989,46990,46992,46994,46996,46998,47000],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,46991,3797],{"class":54},[44,46993,3800],{"class":2570},[44,46995,2232],{"class":62},[44,46997,3950],{"class":66},[44,46999,2197],{"class":62},[44,47001,3809],{"class":54},[44,47003,47004,47006,47008,47010,47012,47014],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,47005,3797],{"class":54},[44,47007,3800],{"class":2570},[44,47009,2232],{"class":62},[44,47011,2694],{"class":66},[44,47013,2197],{"class":62},[44,47015,3809],{"class":54},[20,47017,47018,47019,47021],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,47020,3383],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[30,47023,392],{"id":391},[35,47025,47027],{"className":37,"code":47026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,47028,47029,47039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47030,47031,47033,47035,47037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47032,2694],{"class":2248},[44,47034,120],{"class":58},[44,47036,1696],{"class":116},[44,47038,129],{"class":58},[44,47040,47041,47043,47045,47047,47049,47052],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47042,2694],{"class":2248},[44,47044,120],{"class":58},[44,47046,1696],{"class":116},[44,47048,83],{"class":58},[44,47050,47051],{"class":116}," base",[44,47053,129],{"class":58},[981,47055,47057],{"id":47056},"intx",[15,47058,47059],{},"int(x)",[20,47061,47062],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[252,47064,47065,47070,47075],{},[255,47066,47067,47068],{},"a string such as ",[15,47069,42360],{},[255,47071,47072,47073],{},"a float such as ",[15,47074,42218],{},[255,47076,47077,47078],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,47079,4112],{},[20,47081,269],{},[35,47083,47085],{"className":37,"code":47084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,47086,47087,47105,47120],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47088,47089,47091,47093,47095,47097,47099,47101,47103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47090,136],{"class":135},[44,47092,120],{"class":58},[44,47094,2694],{"class":2248},[44,47096,120],{"class":58},[44,47098,63],{"class":62},[44,47100,1559],{"class":66},[44,47102,63],{"class":62},[44,47104,2239],{"class":58},[44,47106,47107,47109,47111,47113,47115,47118],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47108,136],{"class":135},[44,47110,120],{"class":58},[44,47112,2694],{"class":2248},[44,47114,120],{"class":58},[44,47116,47117],{"class":95},"8.7",[44,47119,2239],{"class":58},[44,47121,47122,47124,47126,47128,47130,47132],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,47123,136],{"class":135},[44,47125,120],{"class":58},[44,47127,2694],{"class":2248},[44,47129,120],{"class":58},[44,47131,4112],{"class":1266},[44,47133,2239],{"class":58},[20,47135,2576],{},[35,47137,47139],{"className":37,"code":47138,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47140,47141,47145,47149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47142,47143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47144,2880],{"class":95},[44,47146,47147],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47148,2885],{"class":95},[44,47150,47151],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,47152,47153],{"class":95},"1\n",[981,47155,47157],{"id":47156},"intx-base",[15,47158,47159],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47161,47162,47163,47165],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47164,1696],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47167,47168],{},"Common bases:",[252,47170,47171,47176,47181],{},[255,47172,47173,47175],{},[15,47174,2561],{}," for binary",[255,47177,47178,47180],{},[15,47179,2849],{}," for octal",[255,47182,47183,47186],{},[15,47184,47185],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47188,269],{},[35,47190,47192],{"className":37,"code":47191,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47193,47194,47216,47239],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47195,47196,47198,47200,47202,47204,47206,47208,47210,47212,47214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47197,136],{"class":135},[44,47199,120],{"class":58},[44,47201,2694],{"class":2248},[44,47203,120],{"class":58},[44,47205,63],{"class":62},[44,47207,46828],{"class":66},[44,47209,63],{"class":62},[44,47211,83],{"class":58},[44,47213,1717],{"class":95},[44,47215,2239],{"class":58},[44,47217,47218,47220,47222,47224,47226,47228,47231,47233,47235,47237],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47219,136],{"class":135},[44,47221,120],{"class":58},[44,47223,2694],{"class":2248},[44,47225,120],{"class":58},[44,47227,63],{"class":62},[44,47229,47230],{"class":66},"17",[44,47232,63],{"class":62},[44,47234,83],{"class":58},[44,47236,6861],{"class":95},[44,47238,2239],{"class":58},[44,47240,47241,47243,47245,47247,47249,47251,47254,47256,47258,47260],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,47242,136],{"class":135},[44,47244,120],{"class":58},[44,47246,2694],{"class":2248},[44,47248,120],{"class":58},[44,47250,63],{"class":62},[44,47252,47253],{"class":66},"1A",[44,47255,63],{"class":62},[44,47257,83],{"class":58},[44,47259,14447],{"class":95},[44,47261,2239],{"class":58},[20,47263,2576],{},[35,47265,47267],{"className":37,"code":47266,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47268,47269,47273,47278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47270,47271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47272,3453],{"class":95},[44,47274,47275],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47276,47277],{"class":95},"15\n",[44,47279,47280],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,47281,47282],{"class":95},"26\n",[20,47284,47285,47286,113],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[625,47287,47288,2807],{"href":3387},[15,47289,3390],{},[30,47291,1785,47293,47295],{"id":47292},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47294,3383],{}," with strings",[20,47297,47298,47300],{},[15,47299,3383],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47302,47303],{},"Examples that work:",[35,47305,47307],{"className":37,"code":47306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47308,47309,47327,47345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47310,47311,47313,47315,47317,47319,47321,47323,47325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47312,136],{"class":135},[44,47314,120],{"class":58},[44,47316,2694],{"class":2248},[44,47318,120],{"class":58},[44,47320,63],{"class":62},[44,47322,2643],{"class":66},[44,47324,63],{"class":62},[44,47326,2239],{"class":58},[44,47328,47329,47331,47333,47335,47337,47339,47341,47343],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47330,136],{"class":135},[44,47332,120],{"class":58},[44,47334,2694],{"class":2248},[44,47336,120],{"class":58},[44,47338,63],{"class":62},[44,47340,2796],{"class":66},[44,47342,63],{"class":62},[44,47344,2239],{"class":58},[44,47346,47347,47349,47351,47353,47355,47357,47360,47362],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,47348,136],{"class":135},[44,47350,120],{"class":58},[44,47352,2694],{"class":2248},[44,47354,120],{"class":58},[44,47356,63],{"class":62},[44,47358,47359],{"class":66},"  42  ",[44,47361,63],{"class":62},[44,47363,2239],{"class":58},[20,47365,2576],{},[35,47367,47369],{"className":37,"code":47368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47370,47371,47375,47381],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47372,47373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47374,3453],{"class":95},[44,47376,47377,47379],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47378,2526],{"class":54},[44,47380,2730],{"class":95},[44,47382,47383],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,47384,46848],{"class":95},[20,47386,47387],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47389,47390],{},"Examples that fail:",[35,47392,47394],{"className":37,"code":47393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47395,47396,47401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47397,47398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47399,47400],{"class":147},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[44,47402,47403],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47404,47405],{"class":147},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47407,47408,47409,47411],{},"These raise ",[15,47410,40937],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[981,47413,47415],{"id":47414},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[35,47417,47419],{"className":37,"code":47418,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47420,47421,47439,47458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47422,47423,47425,47427,47429,47431,47433,47435,47437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47424,136],{"class":135},[44,47426,120],{"class":58},[44,47428,2694],{"class":2248},[44,47430,120],{"class":58},[44,47432,63],{"class":62},[44,47434,2626],{"class":66},[44,47436,63],{"class":62},[44,47438,2239],{"class":58},[44,47440,47441,47443,47445,47447,47449,47451,47454,47456],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47442,136],{"class":135},[44,47444,120],{"class":58},[44,47446,2694],{"class":2248},[44,47448,120],{"class":58},[44,47450,63],{"class":62},[44,47452,47453],{"class":66},"+7",[44,47455,63],{"class":62},[44,47457,2239],{"class":58},[44,47459,47460,47462,47464,47466,47468,47470,47473,47475],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,47461,136],{"class":135},[44,47463,120],{"class":58},[44,47465,2694],{"class":2248},[44,47467,120],{"class":58},[44,47469,63],{"class":62},[44,47471,47472],{"class":66},"-100",[44,47474,63],{"class":62},[44,47476,2239],{"class":58},[20,47478,2576],{},[35,47480,47482],{"className":37,"code":47481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47483,47484,47489,47493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47485,47486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47487,47488],{"class":95},"0\n",[44,47490,47491],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47492,2586],{"class":95},[44,47494,47495,47497],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,47496,2526],{"class":54},[44,47498,47499],{"class":95},"100\n",[981,47501,47503],{"id":47502},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[35,47505,47507],{"className":37,"code":47506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47508,47509,47547,47551,47563,47570,47585,47600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47510,47511,47513,47515,47517,47519,47521,47523,47525,47527,47530,47532,47534,47536,47538,47540,47543,47545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47512,4327],{"class":50},[44,47514,55],{"class":54},[44,47516,1556],{"class":58},[44,47518,63],{"class":62},[44,47520,40376],{"class":66},[44,47522,63],{"class":62},[44,47524,83],{"class":58},[44,47526,75],{"class":62},[44,47528,47529],{"class":66},"12abc",[44,47531,63],{"class":62},[44,47533,83],{"class":58},[44,47535,6627],{"class":62},[44,47537,83],{"class":58},[44,47539,75],{"class":62},[44,47541,47542],{"class":66},"seven",[44,47544,63],{"class":62},[44,47546,1153],{"class":58},[44,47548,47549],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47550,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,47552,47553,47555,47557,47559,47561],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,47554,6459],{"class":1140},[44,47556,22023],{"class":50},[44,47558,4385],{"class":1140},[44,47560,4388],{"class":50},[44,47562,1359],{"class":58},[44,47564,47565,47568],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,47566,47567],{"class":1140},"    try",[44,47569,1359],{"class":58},[44,47571,47572,47575,47577,47579,47581,47583],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,47573,47574],{"class":135},"        print",[44,47576,120],{"class":58},[44,47578,2694],{"class":2248},[44,47580,120],{"class":58},[44,47582,1282],{"class":116},[44,47584,2239],{"class":58},[44,47586,47587,47590,47592,47595,47598],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,47588,47589],{"class":1140},"    except",[44,47591,42160],{"class":2248},[44,47593,47594],{"class":1140}," as",[44,47596,47597],{"class":50}," error",[44,47599,1359],{"class":58},[44,47601,47602,47604,47606,47608,47610,47612,47614,47617,47619,47622,47624,47627,47629,47631],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,47603,47574],{"class":135},[44,47605,120],{"class":58},[44,47607,22732],{"class":2570},[44,47609,63],{"class":66},[44,47611,9770],{"class":95},[44,47613,1282],{"class":116},[44,47615,47616],{"class":2570},"!r",[44,47618,22741],{"class":95},[44,47620,47621],{"class":66}," -> ",[44,47623,9770],{"class":95},[44,47625,47626],{"class":116},"error",[44,47628,22741],{"class":95},[44,47630,63],{"class":66},[44,47632,129],{"class":58},[20,47634,2576],{},[35,47636,47638],{"className":37,"code":47637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47639,47640,47676,47708,47733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47641,47642,47644,47646,47648,47651,47654,47656,47658,47660,47663,47666,47668,47670,47672,47674],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47643,2197],{"class":43563},[44,47645,40376],{"class":43567},[44,47647,2197],{"class":43563},[44,47649,47650],{"class":37598}," ->",[44,47652,47653],{"class":50}," invalid literal ",[44,47655,6459],{"class":1140},[44,47657,45512],{"class":2248},[44,47659,7862],{"class":58},[44,47661,47662],{"class":1140}," with",[44,47664,47665],{"class":50}," base ",[44,47667,1559],{"class":95},[44,47669,72],{"class":58},[44,47671,2232],{"class":62},[44,47673,40376],{"class":66},[44,47675,29924],{"class":62},[44,47677,47678,47680,47682,47684,47686,47688,47690,47692,47694,47696,47698,47700,47702,47704,47706],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47679,2197],{"class":62},[44,47681,47529],{"class":66},[44,47683,2197],{"class":62},[44,47685,47650],{"class":37598},[44,47687,47653],{"class":50},[44,47689,6459],{"class":1140},[44,47691,45512],{"class":2248},[44,47693,7862],{"class":58},[44,47695,47662],{"class":1140},[44,47697,47665],{"class":50},[44,47699,1559],{"class":95},[44,47701,72],{"class":58},[44,47703,2232],{"class":62},[44,47705,47529],{"class":66},[44,47707,29924],{"class":62},[44,47709,47710,47712,47714,47716,47718,47720,47722,47724,47726,47728,47730],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,47711,4277],{"class":62},[44,47713,47650],{"class":37598},[44,47715,47653],{"class":50},[44,47717,6459],{"class":1140},[44,47719,45512],{"class":2248},[44,47721,7862],{"class":58},[44,47723,47662],{"class":1140},[44,47725,47665],{"class":50},[44,47727,1559],{"class":95},[44,47729,72],{"class":58},[44,47731,47732],{"class":62}," ''\n",[44,47734,47735,47737,47739,47741,47743,47745,47747,47749,47751,47753,47755,47757,47759,47761,47763],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,47736,2197],{"class":62},[44,47738,47542],{"class":66},[44,47740,2197],{"class":62},[44,47742,47650],{"class":37598},[44,47744,47653],{"class":50},[44,47746,6459],{"class":1140},[44,47748,45512],{"class":2248},[44,47750,7862],{"class":58},[44,47752,47662],{"class":1140},[44,47754,47665],{"class":50},[44,47756,1559],{"class":95},[44,47758,72],{"class":58},[44,47760,2232],{"class":62},[44,47762,47542],{"class":66},[44,47764,29924],{"class":62},[20,47766,47767,47768,47770,47771,113],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[625,47769,9474],{"href":9473}," and the ",[625,47772,47773,2807],{"href":8714},[15,47774,3464],{},[30,47776,1785,47778,47780],{"id":47777},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47779,3383],{}," with floats",[20,47782,47783,47784,47786],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47785,3383],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47788,47789,47790,588,47792,47794],{},"Important: ",[15,47791,3383],{},[590,47793,592],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[35,47796,47798],{"className":37,"code":47797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47799,47800,47814,47829,47845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47801,47802,47804,47806,47808,47810,47812],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47803,136],{"class":135},[44,47805,120],{"class":58},[44,47807,2694],{"class":2248},[44,47809,120],{"class":58},[44,47811,42218],{"class":95},[44,47813,2239],{"class":58},[44,47815,47816,47818,47820,47822,47824,47827],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47817,136],{"class":135},[44,47819,120],{"class":58},[44,47821,2694],{"class":2248},[44,47823,120],{"class":58},[44,47825,47826],{"class":95},"3.1",[44,47828,2239],{"class":58},[44,47830,47831,47833,47835,47837,47839,47841,47843],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,47832,136],{"class":135},[44,47834,120],{"class":58},[44,47836,2694],{"class":2248},[44,47838,120],{"class":58},[44,47840,2526],{"class":54},[44,47842,42218],{"class":95},[44,47844,2239],{"class":58},[44,47846,47847,47849,47851,47853,47855,47857,47859],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,47848,136],{"class":135},[44,47850,120],{"class":58},[44,47852,2694],{"class":2248},[44,47854,120],{"class":58},[44,47856,2526],{"class":54},[44,47858,47826],{"class":95},[44,47860,2239],{"class":58},[20,47862,2576],{},[35,47864,47866],{"className":37,"code":47865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47867,47868,47872,47876,47882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47869,47870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47871,46853],{"class":95},[44,47873,47874],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47875,46853],{"class":95},[44,47877,47878,47880],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,47879,2526],{"class":54},[44,47881,46853],{"class":95},[44,47883,47884,47886],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,47885,2526],{"class":54},[44,47887,46853],{"class":95},[20,47889,47890],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[252,47892,47893,47900],{},[255,47894,47895,42389,47898],{},[15,47896,47897],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47899,2567],{},[255,47901,47902,42389,47905],{},[15,47903,47904],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47906,47907],{},"-3",[20,47909,47910,47911,47915,47916,113],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[625,47912,47913],{"href":3387},[15,47914,3390],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[625,47917,47918],{"href":42409},[15,47919,47920],{},"str()",[30,47922,1785,47924,47926],{"id":47923},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47925,3383],{}," with booleans",[20,47928,47929],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[35,47931,47933],{"className":37,"code":47932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47934,47935,47949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47936,47937,47939,47941,47943,47945,47947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47938,136],{"class":135},[44,47940,120],{"class":58},[44,47942,2694],{"class":2248},[44,47944,120],{"class":58},[44,47946,4112],{"class":1266},[44,47948,2239],{"class":58},[44,47950,47951,47953,47955,47957,47959,47961],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47952,136],{"class":135},[44,47954,120],{"class":58},[44,47956,2694],{"class":2248},[44,47958,120],{"class":58},[44,47960,4178],{"class":1266},[44,47962,2239],{"class":58},[20,47964,2576],{},[35,47966,47968],{"className":37,"code":47967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n0\n",[15,47969,47970,47974],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47971,47972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47973,47153],{"class":95},[44,47975,47976],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47977,47488],{"class":95},[20,47979,47980],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[35,47982,47984],{"className":37,"code":47983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47985,47986,47995,48010,48014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47987,47988,47991,47993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47989,47990],{"class":50},"passed ",[44,47992,55],{"class":54},[44,47994,6923],{"class":1266},[44,47996,47997,47999,48001,48003,48005,48008],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47998,41416],{"class":50},[44,48000,55],{"class":54},[44,48002,45512],{"class":2248},[44,48004,120],{"class":58},[44,48006,48007],{"class":116},"passed",[44,48009,129],{"class":58},[44,48011,48012],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,48013,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,48015,48016,48018,48020,48022],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,48017,136],{"class":135},[44,48019,120],{"class":58},[44,48021,41445],{"class":116},[44,48023,129],{"class":58},[20,48025,2576],{},[35,48027,48028],{"className":37,"code":47153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48029,48030],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48031,48032],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48033,47153],{"class":95},[20,48035,48036,48037,113],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[625,48038,48039,2807],{"href":6281},[15,48040,4317],{},[30,48042,48044],{"id":48043},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,48046,48047,48048,48051],{},"Use the ",[15,48049,48050],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[981,48053,48055],{"id":48054},"binary-example","Binary example",[35,48057,48059],{"className":37,"code":48058,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,48060,48061],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48062,48063,48065,48067,48069,48071,48073,48075,48077,48079,48081],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48064,136],{"class":135},[44,48066,120],{"class":58},[44,48068,2694],{"class":2248},[44,48070,120],{"class":58},[44,48072,63],{"class":62},[44,48074,46828],{"class":66},[44,48076,63],{"class":62},[44,48078,83],{"class":58},[44,48080,1717],{"class":95},[44,48082,2239],{"class":58},[20,48084,2576],{},[35,48086,48087],{"className":37,"code":3453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48088,48089],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48090,48091],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48092,3453],{"class":95},[20,48094,48095,48098],{},[15,48096,48097],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[252,48100,48101,48106,48111],{},[255,48102,48103],{},[15,48104,48105],{},"1 × 4",[255,48107,48108],{},[15,48109,48110],{},"0 × 2",[255,48112,48113],{},[15,48114,48115],{},"1 × 1",[20,48117,48118,48119,113],{},"So the result is ",[15,48120,2643],{},[981,48122,48124],{"id":48123},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[35,48126,48128],{"className":37,"code":48127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48129,48130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48131,48132,48134,48136,48138,48140,48142,48144,48146,48148,48150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48133,136],{"class":135},[44,48135,120],{"class":58},[44,48137,2694],{"class":2248},[44,48139,120],{"class":58},[44,48141,63],{"class":62},[44,48143,47253],{"class":66},[44,48145,63],{"class":62},[44,48147,83],{"class":58},[44,48149,14447],{"class":95},[44,48151,2239],{"class":58},[20,48153,2576],{},[35,48155,48156],{"className":37,"code":47282,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48157,48158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48159,48160],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48161,47282],{"class":95},[981,48163,48165],{"id":48164},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48167,2482,48168,48170],{},[15,48169,48050],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48172,48173],{},"Good:",[35,48175,48176],{"className":37,"code":48058,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48177,48178],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48179,48180,48182,48184,48186,48188,48190,48192,48194,48196,48198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48181,136],{"class":135},[44,48183,120],{"class":58},[44,48185,2694],{"class":2248},[44,48187,120],{"class":58},[44,48189,63],{"class":62},[44,48191,46828],{"class":66},[44,48193,63],{"class":62},[44,48195,83],{"class":58},[44,48197,1717],{"class":95},[44,48199,2239],{"class":58},[20,48201,48202],{},"Not correct:",[35,48204,48206],{"className":37,"code":48205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48207,48208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48209,48210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48211,48205],{"class":147},[20,48213,48214,48215,9096,48217,48219],{},"That causes a ",[15,48216,3511],{},[15,48218,48050],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[30,48221,48223],{"id":48222},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48225,48226,48227,48229,48230,976,48232,113],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48228,3383],{}," are ",[15,48231,40937],{},[15,48233,3511],{},[981,48235,48236],{"id":41747},[15,48237,40937],{},[20,48239,48240],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48242,269],{},[35,48244,48246],{"className":37,"code":48245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48247,48248,48254,48272,48284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48249,48250,48252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48251,30028],{"class":1140},[44,48253,1359],{"class":58},[44,48255,48256,48258,48260,48262,48264,48266,48268,48270],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48257,1387],{"class":135},[44,48259,120],{"class":58},[44,48261,2694],{"class":2248},[44,48263,120],{"class":58},[44,48265,63],{"class":62},[44,48267,40376],{"class":66},[44,48269,63],{"class":62},[44,48271,2239],{"class":58},[44,48273,48274,48276,48278,48280,48282],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,48275,30059],{"class":1140},[44,48277,42160],{"class":2248},[44,48279,47594],{"class":1140},[44,48281,47597],{"class":50},[44,48283,1359],{"class":58},[44,48285,48286,48288,48290,48292],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,48287,1387],{"class":135},[44,48289,120],{"class":58},[44,48291,47626],{"class":116},[44,48293,129],{"class":58},[20,48295,2576],{},[35,48297,48299],{"className":37,"code":48298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48300,48301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48302,48303,48306,48308,48310,48312,48314,48316,48318,48320,48322,48324],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48304,48305],{"class":50},"invalid literal ",[44,48307,6459],{"class":1140},[44,48309,45512],{"class":2248},[44,48311,7862],{"class":58},[44,48313,47662],{"class":1140},[44,48315,47665],{"class":50},[44,48317,1559],{"class":95},[44,48319,72],{"class":58},[44,48321,2232],{"class":62},[44,48323,40376],{"class":66},[44,48325,29924],{"class":62},[20,48327,48328,48329,48332,48333,48335],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48330,48331],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48334,3383],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[35,48337,48339],{"className":37,"code":48338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48340,48341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48342,48343,48345,48347,48349,48351,48353,48355,48357,48359,48361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48344,136],{"class":135},[44,48346,120],{"class":58},[44,48348,2694],{"class":2248},[44,48350,120],{"class":58},[44,48352,2698],{"class":2248},[44,48354,120],{"class":58},[44,48356,63],{"class":62},[44,48358,40376],{"class":66},[44,48360,63],{"class":62},[44,48362,3418],{"class":58},[20,48364,2576],{},[35,48366,48367],{"className":37,"code":46853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48368,48369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48370,48371],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48372,46853],{"class":95},[20,48374,48375,48376,976,48379,113],{},"If you see this often, read ",[625,48377,48378],{"href":3468},"how to convert string to int in Python",[625,48380,26116,48381],{"href":46152},[15,48382,46153],{},[981,48384,48385],{"id":41813},[15,48386,3511],{},[20,48388,48389],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48391,269],{},[35,48393,48395],{"className":37,"code":48394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48396,48397,48403,48417,48430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48398,48399,48401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48400,30028],{"class":1140},[44,48402,1359],{"class":58},[44,48404,48405,48407,48409,48411,48413,48415],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48406,1387],{"class":135},[44,48408,120],{"class":58},[44,48410,2694],{"class":2248},[44,48412,120],{"class":58},[44,48414,4282],{"class":1266},[44,48416,2239],{"class":58},[44,48418,48419,48421,48424,48426,48428],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,48420,30059],{"class":1140},[44,48422,48423],{"class":2248}," TypeError",[44,48425,47594],{"class":1140},[44,48427,47597],{"class":50},[44,48429,1359],{"class":58},[44,48431,48432,48434,48436,48438],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,48433,1387],{"class":135},[44,48435,120],{"class":58},[44,48437,47626],{"class":116},[44,48439,129],{"class":58},[20,48441,2576],{},[35,48443,48445],{"className":37,"code":48444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48446,48447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48448,48449,48451,48453,48456,48458,48460,48463,48465,48468,48470,48473,48475,48477,48479,48481,48484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48450,2694],{"class":2248},[44,48452,7862],{"class":58},[44,48454,48455],{"class":50}," argument must be a string",[44,48457,83],{"class":58},[44,48459,44780],{"class":50},[44,48461,48462],{"class":2248},"bytes",[44,48464,2526],{"class":54},[44,48466,48467],{"class":50},"like ",[44,48469,42633],{"class":2248},[44,48471,48472],{"class":54}," or",[44,48474,41073],{"class":50},[44,48476,83],{"class":58},[44,48478,8594],{"class":54},[44,48480,2232],{"class":62},[44,48482,48483],{"class":66},"NoneType",[44,48485,29924],{"class":62},[20,48487,48488,48489,48491],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48490,48050],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[35,48493,48495],{"className":37,"code":48494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48496,48497,48503,48521,48533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48498,48499,48501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48500,30028],{"class":1140},[44,48502,1359],{"class":58},[44,48504,48505,48507,48509,48511,48513,48515,48517,48519],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48506,1387],{"class":135},[44,48508,120],{"class":58},[44,48510,2694],{"class":2248},[44,48512,120],{"class":58},[44,48514,46828],{"class":95},[44,48516,83],{"class":58},[44,48518,1717],{"class":95},[44,48520,2239],{"class":58},[44,48522,48523,48525,48527,48529,48531],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,48524,30059],{"class":1140},[44,48526,48423],{"class":2248},[44,48528,47594],{"class":1140},[44,48530,47597],{"class":50},[44,48532,1359],{"class":58},[44,48534,48535,48537,48539,48541],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,48536,1387],{"class":135},[44,48538,120],{"class":58},[44,48540,47626],{"class":116},[44,48542,129],{"class":58},[20,48544,2576],{},[35,48546,48548],{"className":37,"code":48547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48549,48550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48551,48552,48554,48556,48559,48561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48553,2694],{"class":2248},[44,48555,7862],{"class":58},[44,48557,48558],{"class":50}," can",[44,48560,2197],{"class":62},[44,48562,48563],{"class":66},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[30,48565,769,48567],{"id":48566},"when-to-use-int",[15,48568,3383],{},[20,48570,227,48571,48573],{},[15,48572,3383],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48575,48576],{},"Common uses:",[252,48578,48579,48585,48588,48591],{},[255,48580,48581,48582,48584],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48583,3464],{}," into integers",[255,48586,48587],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[255,48589,48590],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[255,48592,48593,48594,36846],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48595,48050],{},[20,48597,48598],{},"Example with user input:",[35,48600,48602],{"className":37,"code":48601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48603,48604,48618,48633,48637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48605,48606,48609,48611,48613,48616],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48607,48608],{"class":50},"age_text ",[44,48610,55],{"class":54},[44,48612,75],{"class":62},[44,48614,48615],{"class":66},"18",[44,48617,3865],{"class":62},[44,48619,48620,48622,48624,48626,48628,48631],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48621,1036],{"class":50},[44,48623,55],{"class":54},[44,48625,45512],{"class":2248},[44,48627,120],{"class":58},[44,48629,48630],{"class":116},"age_text",[44,48632,129],{"class":58},[44,48634,48635],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,48636,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,48638,48639,48641,48643,48645,48647,48649],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,48640,136],{"class":135},[44,48642,120],{"class":58},[44,48644,1036],{"class":116},[44,48646,2564],{"class":54},[44,48648,1703],{"class":95},[44,48650,129],{"class":58},[20,48652,2576],{},[35,48654,48656],{"className":37,"code":48655,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"19\n",[15,48657,48658],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48659,48660],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48661,48655],{"class":95},[30,48663,3335],{"id":3334},[20,48665,15191,48666,113],{},[15,48667,3383],{},[981,48669,48671],{"id":48670},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48673,48674],{},"This fails:",[35,48676,48678],{"className":37,"code":48677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48679,48680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48681,48682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48683,48677],{"class":147},[20,48685,48686,48687,48690],{},"Why: ",[15,48688,48689],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48692,19290],{},[35,48694,48696],{"className":37,"code":48695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48697,48698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48699,48700,48702,48704,48706,48708,48710,48712,48714,48716,48718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48701,136],{"class":135},[44,48703,120],{"class":58},[44,48705,2694],{"class":2248},[44,48707,120],{"class":58},[44,48709,2698],{"class":2248},[44,48711,120],{"class":58},[44,48713,63],{"class":62},[44,48715,41357],{"class":66},[44,48717,63],{"class":62},[44,48719,3418],{"class":58},[981,48721,48723],{"id":48722},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48725,48674],{},[35,48727,48729],{"className":37,"code":48728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48730,48731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48732,48733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48734,48728],{"class":147},[20,48736,48737],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[981,48739,48741,48742],{"id":48740},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48743,48744],{},"int(None)",[20,48746,48747,48748,48750],{},"This fails because ",[15,48749,4282],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[35,48752,48754],{"className":37,"code":48753,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48755,48756,48765,48769,48775,48789,48801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48757,48758,48760,48762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48759,1244],{"class":50},[44,48761,55],{"class":54},[44,48763,48764],{"class":1266}," None\n",[44,48766,48767],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48768,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,48770,48771,48773],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,48772,30028],{"class":1140},[44,48774,1359],{"class":58},[44,48776,48777,48779,48781,48783,48785,48787],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,48778,1387],{"class":135},[44,48780,120],{"class":58},[44,48782,2694],{"class":2248},[44,48784,120],{"class":58},[44,48786,1282],{"class":116},[44,48788,2239],{"class":58},[44,48790,48791,48793,48795,48797,48799],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,48792,30059],{"class":1140},[44,48794,48423],{"class":2248},[44,48796,47594],{"class":1140},[44,48798,47597],{"class":50},[44,48800,1359],{"class":58},[44,48802,48803,48805,48807,48809],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,48804,1387],{"class":135},[44,48806,120],{"class":58},[44,48808,47626],{"class":116},[44,48810,129],{"class":58},[981,48812,48814],{"id":48813},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48816,48674],{},[35,48818,48819],{"className":37,"code":48205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48820,48821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48822,48823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48824,48205],{"class":147},[20,48826,48827],{},"Use a string instead:",[35,48829,48830],{"className":37,"code":48058,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48831,48832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48833,48834,48836,48838,48840,48842,48844,48846,48848,48850,48852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48835,136],{"class":135},[44,48837,120],{"class":58},[44,48839,2694],{"class":2248},[44,48841,120],{"class":58},[44,48843,63],{"class":62},[44,48845,46828],{"class":66},[44,48847,63],{"class":62},[44,48849,83],{"class":58},[44,48851,1717],{"class":95},[44,48853,2239],{"class":58},[981,48855,1904,48857,48859],{"id":48856},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48858,3383],{}," to round",[20,48861,48862],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[35,48864,48866],{"className":37,"code":48865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48867,48868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48869,48870,48872,48874,48876,48878,48881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48871,136],{"class":135},[44,48873,120],{"class":58},[44,48875,2694],{"class":2248},[44,48877,120],{"class":58},[44,48879,48880],{"class":95},"4.9",[44,48882,2239],{"class":58},[20,48884,2576],{},[35,48886,48888],{"className":37,"code":48887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4\n",[15,48889,48890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48891,48892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48893,48887],{"class":95},[20,48895,3676,48896,48898,48899,48901],{},[15,48897,2643],{},", remember that ",[15,48900,3383],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[30,48903,2301],{"id":2300},[981,48905,2329,48907,48909],{"id":48906},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48908,3383],{}," round numbers?",[20,48911,46601,48912,48914],{},[15,48913,3383],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[981,48916,5659,48918,48921],{"id":48917},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48919,48920],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48923,29285,48924,48926,48927,48929,48930,40162],{},[15,48925,48331],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48928,3390],{}," first, then use ",[15,48931,3383],{},[981,48933,5643,48935,13182],{"id":48934},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48936,48937],{},"int(True)",[20,48939,5649,48940,2322,48942,42389,48944,113],{},[15,48941,1588],{},[15,48943,4178],{},[15,48945,2626],{},[981,48947,48949],{"id":48948},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48951,48952],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[30,48954,2375],{"id":2374},[252,48956,48957,48963,48969,48975,48980,48984,48990],{},[255,48958,48959],{},[625,48960,48961,4016],{"href":3387},[15,48962,3390],{},[255,48964,48965],{},[625,48966,48967,4016],{"href":42409},[15,48968,47920],{},[255,48970,48971],{},[625,48972,48973,4016],{"href":6281},[15,48974,4317],{},[255,48976,48977],{},[625,48978,48979],{"href":3468},"How to convert string to int in Python",[255,48981,48982],{},[625,48983,9551],{"href":9473},[255,48985,48986],{},[625,48987,48988,4016],{"href":8714},[15,48989,3464],{},[255,48991,48992],{},[625,48993,30572,48994],{"href":46152},[15,48995,46153],{},[2414,48997,48998],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":49000},[49001,49002,49004,49008,49013,49015,49017,49022,49026,49028,49037,49046],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":46865,"depth":102,"text":49003},"What int() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392,"children":49005},[49006,49007],{"id":47056,"depth":132,"text":47059},{"id":47156,"depth":132,"text":47159},{"id":47292,"depth":102,"text":49009,"children":49010},"Using int() with strings",[49011,49012],{"id":47414,"depth":132,"text":47415},{"id":47502,"depth":132,"text":47503},{"id":47777,"depth":102,"text":49014},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47923,"depth":102,"text":49016},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":48043,"depth":102,"text":48044,"children":49018},[49019,49020,49021],{"id":48054,"depth":132,"text":48055},{"id":48123,"depth":132,"text":48124},{"id":48164,"depth":132,"text":48165},{"id":48222,"depth":102,"text":48223,"children":49023},[49024,49025],{"id":41747,"depth":132,"text":40937},{"id":41813,"depth":132,"text":3511},{"id":48566,"depth":102,"text":49027},"When to use int()",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":49029},[49030,49031,49032,49034,49035],{"id":48670,"depth":132,"text":48671},{"id":48722,"depth":132,"text":48723},{"id":48740,"depth":132,"text":49033},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48813,"depth":132,"text":48814},{"id":48856,"depth":132,"text":49036},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":49038},[49039,49041,49043,49045],{"id":48906,"depth":132,"text":49040},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48917,"depth":132,"text":49042},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48934,"depth":132,"text":49044},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48948,"depth":132,"text":48949},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42330,"description":49047},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":49054,"title":49055,"body":49056,"description":50892,"extension":2465,"meta":50893,"navigation":169,"path":45038,"seo":50894,"stem":50895,"__hash__":50896},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":49057,"toc":50848},[49058,49063,49068,49076,49085,49087,49146,49152,49157,49162,49165,49193,49196,49199,49210,49220,49222,49224,49244,49248,49276,49278,49317,49319,49327,49329,49332,49336,49389,49391,49403,49407,49464,49466,49478,49484,49490,49494,49497,49500,49566,49568,49580,49586,49588,49640,49643,49684,49687,49694,49703,49709,49712,49745,49751,49754,49785,49791,49794,49806,49810,49815,49819,49977,49979,49994,49997,50001,50105,50107,50124,50128,50189,50191,50199,50202,50206,50273,50275,50284,50290,50292,50301,50303,50338,50343,50345,50375,50379,50381,50418,50421,50423,50460,50466,50468,50518,50520,50528,50538,50544,50548,50553,50602,50604,50617,50620,50622,50625,50700,50703,50722,50725,50755,50765,50767,50772,50779,50785,50791,50798,50806,50812,50815,50817,50845],[10,49059,4083,49061,4087],{"id":49060},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,49062,45041],{},[20,49064,49065,49067],{},[15,49066,45041],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,49069,49070,49071,3384,49073,49075],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,49072,4112],{},[15,49074,4178],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,49077,49078,49079,49081,49082,49084],{},"In many cases, ",[15,49080,45041],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,49083,2806],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[30,49086,33],{"id":32},[35,49088,49090],{"className":37,"code":49089,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,49091,49092,49100,49104,49125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49093,49094,49096,49098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49095,1244],{"class":50},[44,49097,55],{"class":54},[44,49099,3091],{"class":95},[44,49101,49102],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49103,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,49105,49106,49108,49110,49113,49115,49117,49119,49121,49123],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,49107,136],{"class":135},[44,49109,120],{"class":58},[44,49111,49112],{"class":135},"isinstance",[44,49114,120],{"class":58},[44,49116,1282],{"class":116},[44,49118,83],{"class":58},[44,49120,45512],{"class":2248},[44,49122,532],{"class":58},[44,49124,44090],{"class":147},[44,49126,49127,49129,49131,49133,49135,49137,49139,49142,49144],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,49128,136],{"class":135},[44,49130,120],{"class":58},[44,49132,49112],{"class":135},[44,49134,120],{"class":58},[44,49136,1282],{"class":116},[44,49138,83],{"class":58},[44,49140,49141],{"class":2248}," str",[44,49143,532],{"class":58},[44,49145,44107],{"class":147},[20,49147,227,49148,49151],{},[15,49149,49150],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[30,49153,243,49155,246],{"id":49154},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49156,45041],{},[20,49158,49159,49161],{},[15,49160,45041],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49163,49164],{},"It:",[252,49166,49167,49170,49176,49179],{},[255,49168,49169],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[255,49171,11901,49172,3384,49174],{},[15,49173,4112],{},[15,49175,4178],{},[255,49177,49178],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[255,49180,49181,49182,2695,49184,2695,49186,2695,49188,17526,49191],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49183,3950],{},[15,49185,2694],{},[15,49187,8588],{},[15,49189,49190],{},"tuple",[15,49192,9317],{},[20,49194,49195],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49197,49198],{},"For example, you might want to:",[252,49200,49201,49204,49207],{},[255,49202,49203],{},"loop through a list",[255,49205,49206],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[255,49208,49209],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49211,49212,49213,3384,49216,113],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[625,49214,45033],{"href":49215},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[625,49217,49219],{"href":49218},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[30,49221,392],{"id":391},[20,49223,2666],{},[35,49225,49227],{"className":37,"code":49226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49228,49229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49230,49231,49233,49235,49237,49239,49242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49232,49112],{"class":135},[44,49234,120],{"class":58},[44,49236,42633],{"class":2248},[44,49238,83],{"class":58},[44,49240,49241],{"class":116}," classinfo",[44,49243,129],{"class":58},[981,49245,49247],{"id":49246},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[252,49249,49250,49255,49269],{},[255,49251,49252,49254],{},[15,49253,42633],{}," is the value you want to test",[255,49256,49257,49260,49261,2695,49263,2695,49265,2699,49267],{},[15,49258,49259],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49262,2694],{},[15,49264,3950],{},[15,49266,8588],{},[15,49268,9317],{},[255,49270,49271,49272,3384,49274],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49273,4112],{},[15,49275,4178],{},[20,49277,269],{},[35,49279,49281],{"className":37,"code":49280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49282,49283,49295,49299],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49284,49285,49287,49289,49291,49293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49286,8372],{"class":50},[44,49288,55],{"class":54},[44,49290,75],{"class":62},[44,49292,11985],{"class":66},[44,49294,3865],{"class":62},[44,49296,49297],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49298,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,49300,49301,49303,49305,49307,49309,49311,49313,49315],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,49302,136],{"class":135},[44,49304,120],{"class":58},[44,49306,49112],{"class":135},[44,49308,120],{"class":58},[44,49310,67],{"class":116},[44,49312,83],{"class":58},[44,49314,49141],{"class":2248},[44,49316,2239],{"class":58},[20,49318,2576],{},[35,49320,49321],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49322,49323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49324,49325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49326,4482],{"class":1266},[30,49328,11952],{"id":11951},[20,49330,49331],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[981,49333,49335],{"id":49334},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[35,49337,49339],{"className":37,"code":49338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49340,49341,49349,49353,49371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49342,49343,49345,49347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49344,1244],{"class":50},[44,49346,55],{"class":54},[44,49348,45461],{"class":95},[44,49350,49351],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49352,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,49354,49355,49357,49359,49361,49363,49365,49367,49369],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,49356,136],{"class":135},[44,49358,120],{"class":58},[44,49360,49112],{"class":135},[44,49362,120],{"class":58},[44,49364,1282],{"class":116},[44,49366,83],{"class":58},[44,49368,45512],{"class":2248},[44,49370,2239],{"class":58},[44,49372,49373,49375,49377,49379,49381,49383,49385,49387],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,49374,136],{"class":135},[44,49376,120],{"class":58},[44,49378,49112],{"class":135},[44,49380,120],{"class":58},[44,49382,1282],{"class":116},[44,49384,83],{"class":58},[44,49386,49141],{"class":2248},[44,49388,2239],{"class":58},[20,49390,2576],{},[35,49392,49393],{"className":37,"code":44409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49394,49395,49399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49396,49397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49398,4482],{"class":1266},[44,49400,49401],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49402,4543],{"class":1266},[981,49404,49406],{"id":49405},"check-text","Check text",[35,49408,49410],{"className":37,"code":49409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49411,49412,49424,49428,49446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49413,49414,49416,49418,49420,49422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49415,34915],{"class":50},[44,49417,55],{"class":54},[44,49419,75],{"class":62},[44,49421,4349],{"class":66},[44,49423,3865],{"class":62},[44,49425,49426],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49427,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,49429,49430,49432,49434,49436,49438,49440,49442,49444],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,49431,136],{"class":135},[44,49433,120],{"class":58},[44,49435,49112],{"class":135},[44,49437,120],{"class":58},[44,49439,34936],{"class":116},[44,49441,83],{"class":58},[44,49443,49141],{"class":2248},[44,49445,2239],{"class":58},[44,49447,49448,49450,49452,49454,49456,49458,49460,49462],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,49449,136],{"class":135},[44,49451,120],{"class":58},[44,49453,49112],{"class":135},[44,49455,120],{"class":58},[44,49457,34936],{"class":116},[44,49459,83],{"class":58},[44,49461,45512],{"class":2248},[44,49463,2239],{"class":58},[20,49465,2576],{},[35,49467,49468],{"className":37,"code":44409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49469,49470,49474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49471,49472],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49473,4482],{"class":1266},[44,49475,49476],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49477,4543],{"class":1266},[20,49479,49480,49481,49483],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49482,45041],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49485,49486,49487,113],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[625,49488,49489],{"href":3468},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[30,49491,49493],{"id":49492},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49495,49496],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49498,49499],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[35,49501,49503],{"className":37,"code":49502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49504,49505,49514,49518,49542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49506,49507,49509,49511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49508,1244],{"class":50},[44,49510,55],{"class":54},[44,49512,49513],{"class":95}," 3.5\n",[44,49515,49516],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49517,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,49519,49520,49522,49524,49526,49528,49530,49532,49534,49536,49538,49540],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,49521,136],{"class":135},[44,49523,120],{"class":58},[44,49525,49112],{"class":135},[44,49527,120],{"class":58},[44,49529,1282],{"class":116},[44,49531,83],{"class":58},[44,49533,9728],{"class":58},[44,49535,2694],{"class":2248},[44,49537,83],{"class":58},[44,49539,40488],{"class":2248},[44,49541,3418],{"class":58},[44,49543,49544,49546,49548,49550,49552,49554,49556,49558,49560,49562,49564],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,49545,136],{"class":135},[44,49547,120],{"class":58},[44,49549,49112],{"class":135},[44,49551,120],{"class":58},[44,49553,1282],{"class":116},[44,49555,83],{"class":58},[44,49557,9728],{"class":58},[44,49559,3950],{"class":2248},[44,49561,83],{"class":58},[44,49563,22998],{"class":2248},[44,49565,3418],{"class":58},[20,49567,2576],{},[35,49569,49570],{"className":37,"code":44409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49571,49572,49576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49573,49574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49575,4482],{"class":1266},[44,49577,49578],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49579,4543],{"class":1266},[20,49581,49582,49583,49585],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49584,41070],{}," conditions.",[20,49587,8793],{},[35,49589,49591],{"className":37,"code":49590,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49592,49593,49601,49605],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49594,49595,49597,49599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49596,1244],{"class":50},[44,49598,55],{"class":54},[44,49600,49513],{"class":95},[44,49602,49603],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49604,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,49606,49607,49609,49611,49613,49615,49617,49619,49621,49623,49625,49628,49630,49632,49634,49636,49638],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,49608,136],{"class":135},[44,49610,120],{"class":58},[44,49612,2249],{"class":2248},[44,49614,120],{"class":58},[44,49616,1282],{"class":116},[44,49618,144],{"class":58},[44,49620,6909],{"class":54},[44,49622,45512],{"class":2248},[44,49624,48472],{"class":1140},[44,49626,49627],{"class":2248}," type",[44,49629,120],{"class":58},[44,49631,1282],{"class":116},[44,49633,144],{"class":58},[44,49635,6909],{"class":54},[44,49637,40488],{"class":2248},[44,49639,129],{"class":58},[20,49641,49642],{},"you can write this:",[35,49644,49646],{"className":37,"code":49645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49647,49648,49656,49660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49649,49650,49652,49654],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49651,1244],{"class":50},[44,49653,55],{"class":54},[44,49655,49513],{"class":95},[44,49657,49658],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49659,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,49661,49662,49664,49666,49668,49670,49672,49674,49676,49678,49680,49682],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,49663,136],{"class":135},[44,49665,120],{"class":58},[44,49667,49112],{"class":135},[44,49669,120],{"class":58},[44,49671,1282],{"class":116},[44,49673,83],{"class":58},[44,49675,9728],{"class":58},[44,49677,2694],{"class":2248},[44,49679,83],{"class":58},[44,49681,40488],{"class":2248},[44,49683,3418],{"class":58},[20,49685,49686],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[30,49688,49690,967,49692],{"id":49689},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49691,45041],{},[15,49693,2806],{},[20,49695,973,49696,976,49698,49702],{},[15,49697,45041],{},[625,49699,49700],{"href":2803},[15,49701,2806],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[981,49704,49706],{"id":49705},"typevalue-int",[15,49707,49708],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49710,49711],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[35,49713,49715],{"className":37,"code":49714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49716,49717,49725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49718,49719,49721,49723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49720,1244],{"class":50},[44,49722,55],{"class":54},[44,49724,3091],{"class":95},[44,49726,49727,49729,49731,49733,49735,49737,49739,49741,49743],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49728,136],{"class":135},[44,49730,120],{"class":58},[44,49732,2249],{"class":2248},[44,49734,120],{"class":58},[44,49736,1282],{"class":116},[44,49738,144],{"class":58},[44,49740,6909],{"class":54},[44,49742,45512],{"class":2248},[44,49744,129],{"class":58},[981,49746,49748],{"id":49747},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49749,49750],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49752,49753],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[35,49755,49757],{"className":37,"code":49756,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49758,49759,49767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49760,49761,49763,49765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49762,1244],{"class":50},[44,49764,55],{"class":54},[44,49766,3091],{"class":95},[44,49768,49769,49771,49773,49775,49777,49779,49781,49783],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49770,136],{"class":135},[44,49772,120],{"class":58},[44,49774,49112],{"class":135},[44,49776,120],{"class":58},[44,49778,1282],{"class":116},[44,49780,83],{"class":58},[44,49782,45512],{"class":2248},[44,49784,2239],{"class":58},[20,49786,49787,49788,49790],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49789,45041],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49792,49793],{},"In everyday code:",[252,49795,49796,49801],{},[255,49797,40223,49798,49800],{},[15,49799,2806],{}," when you need the exact type",[255,49802,40223,49803,49805],{},[15,49804,45041],{}," when you want a practical type check",[30,49807,49809],{"id":49808},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49811,49812,49813,113],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49814,45041],{},[981,49816,49818],{"id":49817},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[35,49820,49822],{"className":37,"code":49821,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49823,49824,49842,49861,49873,49878,49896,49907,49911,49923,49927,49951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49825,49826,49828,49831,49833,49835,49837,49840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49827,35079],{"class":2570},[44,49829,49830],{"class":35082}," repeat_text",[44,49832,120],{"class":58},[44,49834,34936],{"class":37894},[44,49836,83],{"class":58},[44,49838,49839],{"class":37894}," count",[44,49841,8837],{"class":58},[44,49843,49844,49846,49848,49851,49853,49855,49857,49859],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49845,6899],{"class":1140},[44,49847,8594],{"class":54},[44,49849,49850],{"class":135}," isinstance",[44,49852,120],{"class":58},[44,49854,34936],{"class":116},[44,49856,83],{"class":58},[44,49858,49141],{"class":2248},[44,49860,8837],{"class":58},[44,49862,49863,49866,49868,49871],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,49864,49865],{"class":1140},"        return",[44,49867,75],{"class":62},[44,49869,49870],{"class":66},"text must be a string",[44,49872,3865],{"class":62},[44,49874,49875],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,49876,49877],{"class":50},"    \n",[44,49879,49880,49882,49884,49886,49888,49890,49892,49894],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,49881,6899],{"class":1140},[44,49883,8594],{"class":54},[44,49885,49850],{"class":135},[44,49887,120],{"class":58},[44,49889,41493],{"class":116},[44,49891,83],{"class":58},[44,49893,45512],{"class":2248},[44,49895,8837],{"class":58},[44,49897,49898,49900,49902,49905],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,49899,49865],{"class":1140},[44,49901,75],{"class":62},[44,49903,49904],{"class":66},"count must be an integer",[44,49906,3865],{"class":62},[44,49908,49909],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,49910,49877],{"class":50},[44,49912,49913,49915,49918,49920],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,49914,35090],{"class":1140},[44,49916,49917],{"class":50}," text ",[44,49919,40105],{"class":54},[44,49921,49922],{"class":50}," count\n",[44,49924,49925],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,49926,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,49928,49929,49931,49933,49936,49938,49940,49943,49945,49947,49949],{"class":46,"line":6935},[44,49930,136],{"class":135},[44,49932,120],{"class":58},[44,49934,49935],{"class":116},"repeat_text",[44,49937,120],{"class":58},[44,49939,63],{"class":62},[44,49941,49942],{"class":66},"Hi ",[44,49944,63],{"class":62},[44,49946,83],{"class":58},[44,49948,2955],{"class":95},[44,49950,2239],{"class":58},[44,49952,49953,49955,49957,49959,49961,49963,49965,49967,49969,49971,49973,49975],{"class":46,"line":12069},[44,49954,136],{"class":135},[44,49956,120],{"class":58},[44,49958,49935],{"class":116},[44,49960,120],{"class":58},[44,49962,63],{"class":62},[44,49964,49942],{"class":66},[44,49966,63],{"class":62},[44,49968,83],{"class":58},[44,49970,75],{"class":62},[44,49972,2567],{"class":66},[44,49974,63],{"class":62},[44,49976,2239],{"class":58},[20,49978,2576],{},[35,49980,49982],{"className":37,"code":49981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49983,49984,49989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49985,49986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49987,49988],{"class":50},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[44,49990,49991],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49992,49993],{"class":50},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49995,49996],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[981,49998,50000],{"id":49999},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[35,50002,50004],{"className":37,"code":50003,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,50005,50006,50038,50042,50058,50073,50090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50007,50008,50010,50012,50014,50016,50018,50020,50022,50024,50026,50028,50030,50032,50034,50036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50009,1244],{"class":50},[44,50011,55],{"class":54},[44,50013,1556],{"class":58},[44,50015,63],{"class":62},[44,50017,625],{"class":66},[44,50019,63],{"class":62},[44,50021,83],{"class":58},[44,50023,75],{"class":62},[44,50025,639],{"class":66},[44,50027,63],{"class":62},[44,50029,83],{"class":58},[44,50031,75],{"class":62},[44,50033,696],{"class":66},[44,50035,63],{"class":62},[44,50037,1153],{"class":58},[44,50039,50040],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50041,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,50043,50044,50046,50048,50050,50052,50054,50056],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,50045,1345],{"class":1140},[44,50047,49850],{"class":135},[44,50049,120],{"class":58},[44,50051,1282],{"class":116},[44,50053,83],{"class":58},[44,50055,49141],{"class":2248},[44,50057,8837],{"class":58},[44,50059,50060,50062,50064,50066,50069,50071],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,50061,1387],{"class":135},[44,50063,120],{"class":58},[44,50065,63],{"class":62},[44,50067,50068],{"class":66},"This is text",[44,50070,63],{"class":62},[44,50072,129],{"class":58},[44,50074,50075,50078,50080,50082,50084,50086,50088],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,50076,50077],{"class":1140},"elif",[44,50079,49850],{"class":135},[44,50081,120],{"class":58},[44,50083,1282],{"class":116},[44,50085,83],{"class":58},[44,50087,22998],{"class":2248},[44,50089,8837],{"class":58},[44,50091,50092,50094,50096,50098,50101,50103],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,50093,1387],{"class":135},[44,50095,120],{"class":58},[44,50097,63],{"class":62},[44,50099,50100],{"class":66},"This is a list",[44,50102,63],{"class":62},[44,50104,129],{"class":58},[20,50106,2576],{},[35,50108,50110],{"className":37,"code":50109,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This is a list\n",[15,50111,50112],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50113,50114,50117,50119,50121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50115,50116],{"class":50},"This ",[44,50118,12666],{"class":54},[44,50120,44780],{"class":50},[44,50122,50123],{"class":2248},"list\n",[981,50125,50127],{"id":50126},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[35,50129,50131],{"className":37,"code":50130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50132,50133,50145,50149,50165,50179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50134,50135,50137,50139,50141,50143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50136,1244],{"class":50},[44,50138,55],{"class":54},[44,50140,75],{"class":62},[44,50142,46762],{"class":66},[44,50144,3865],{"class":62},[44,50146,50147],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50148,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,50150,50151,50153,50155,50157,50159,50161,50163],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,50152,1345],{"class":1140},[44,50154,49850],{"class":135},[44,50156,120],{"class":58},[44,50158,1282],{"class":116},[44,50160,83],{"class":58},[44,50162,49141],{"class":2248},[44,50164,8837],{"class":58},[44,50166,50167,50169,50171,50173,50175,50177],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,50168,42124],{"class":50},[44,50170,55],{"class":54},[44,50172,45512],{"class":2248},[44,50174,120],{"class":58},[44,50176,1282],{"class":116},[44,50178,129],{"class":58},[44,50180,50181,50183,50185,50187],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,50182,1387],{"class":135},[44,50184,120],{"class":58},[44,50186,2744],{"class":116},[44,50188,129],{"class":58},[20,50190,2576],{},[35,50192,50193],{"className":37,"code":46848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,50194,50195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50196,50197],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50198,46848],{"class":95},[20,50200,50201],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[981,50203,50205],{"id":50204},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[35,50207,50209],{"className":37,"code":50208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50210,50211,50235,50239,50255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50212,50213,50215,50217,50219,50221,50223,50225,50227,50229,50231,50233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50214,1244],{"class":50},[44,50216,55],{"class":54},[44,50218,59],{"class":58},[44,50220,63],{"class":62},[44,50222,67],{"class":66},[44,50224,63],{"class":62},[44,50226,72],{"class":58},[44,50228,75],{"class":62},[44,50230,78],{"class":66},[44,50232,63],{"class":62},[44,50234,99],{"class":58},[44,50236,50237],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50238,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,50240,50241,50243,50245,50247,50249,50251,50253],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,50242,1345],{"class":1140},[44,50244,49850],{"class":135},[44,50246,120],{"class":58},[44,50248,1282],{"class":116},[44,50250,83],{"class":58},[44,50252,9663],{"class":2248},[44,50254,8837],{"class":58},[44,50256,50257,50259,50261,50263,50265,50267,50269,50271],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,50258,1387],{"class":135},[44,50260,120],{"class":58},[44,50262,1282],{"class":116},[44,50264,896],{"class":58},[44,50266,63],{"class":62},[44,50268,67],{"class":66},[44,50270,63],{"class":62},[44,50272,4391],{"class":58},[20,50274,2576],{},[35,50276,50278],{"className":37,"code":50277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\n",[15,50279,50280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50281,50282],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50283,50277],{"class":50},[20,50285,50286,50287,50289],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50288,3511],{}," messages later.",[30,50291,1526],{"id":1525},[981,50293,50295,50296,2037,50299],{"id":50294},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50297,50298],{},"\"int\"",[15,50300,2694],{},[20,50302,17098],{},[35,50304,50306],{"className":37,"code":50305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50307,50308,50316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50309,50310,50312,50314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50311,1244],{"class":50},[44,50313,55],{"class":54},[44,50315,3091],{"class":95},[44,50317,50318,50320,50322,50324,50326,50328,50330,50332,50334,50336],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50319,136],{"class":135},[44,50321,120],{"class":58},[44,50323,49112],{"class":135},[44,50325,120],{"class":58},[44,50327,1282],{"class":116},[44,50329,83],{"class":58},[44,50331,75],{"class":62},[44,50333,2694],{"class":66},[44,50335,63],{"class":62},[44,50337,2239],{"class":58},[20,50339,50340,50342],{},[15,50341,50298],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50344,17110],{},[35,50346,50347],{"className":37,"code":49756,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,50348,50349,50357],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50350,50351,50353,50355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50352,1244],{"class":50},[44,50354,55],{"class":54},[44,50356,3091],{"class":95},[44,50358,50359,50361,50363,50365,50367,50369,50371,50373],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50360,136],{"class":135},[44,50362,120],{"class":58},[44,50364,49112],{"class":135},[44,50366,120],{"class":58},[44,50368,1282],{"class":116},[44,50370,83],{"class":58},[44,50372,45512],{"class":2248},[44,50374,2239],{"class":58},[981,50376,50378],{"id":50377},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50380,17098],{},[35,50382,50384],{"className":37,"code":50383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50385,50386,50394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50387,50388,50390,50392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50389,1244],{"class":50},[44,50391,55],{"class":54},[44,50393,35070],{"class":95},[44,50395,50396,50398,50400,50402,50404,50406,50408,50410,50412,50414,50416],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50397,136],{"class":135},[44,50399,120],{"class":58},[44,50401,49112],{"class":135},[44,50403,120],{"class":58},[44,50405,1282],{"class":116},[44,50407,83],{"class":58},[44,50409,1556],{"class":58},[44,50411,2694],{"class":2248},[44,50413,83],{"class":58},[44,50415,40488],{"class":2248},[44,50417,3505],{"class":58},[20,50419,50420],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50422,17110],{},[35,50424,50426],{"className":37,"code":50425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50427,50428,50436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50429,50430,50432,50434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50431,1244],{"class":50},[44,50433,55],{"class":54},[44,50435,35070],{"class":95},[44,50437,50438,50440,50442,50444,50446,50448,50450,50452,50454,50456,50458],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50439,136],{"class":135},[44,50441,120],{"class":58},[44,50443,49112],{"class":135},[44,50445,120],{"class":58},[44,50447,1282],{"class":116},[44,50449,83],{"class":58},[44,50451,9728],{"class":58},[44,50453,2694],{"class":2248},[44,50455,83],{"class":58},[44,50457,40488],{"class":2248},[44,50459,3418],{"class":58},[981,50461,1535,50463,50465],{"id":50462},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50464,45041],{}," converts a value",[20,50467,19363],{},[35,50469,50471],{"className":37,"code":50470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50472,50473,50486,50504,50508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50474,50475,50477,50479,50481,50484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50476,1244],{"class":50},[44,50478,55],{"class":54},[44,50480,75],{"class":62},[44,50482,50483],{"class":66},"123",[44,50485,3865],{"class":62},[44,50487,50488,50490,50492,50494,50496,50498,50500,50502],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50489,1953],{"class":50},[44,50491,55],{"class":54},[44,50493,49850],{"class":135},[44,50495,120],{"class":58},[44,50497,1282],{"class":116},[44,50499,83],{"class":58},[44,50501,45512],{"class":2248},[44,50503,129],{"class":58},[44,50505,50506],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,50507,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,50509,50510,50512,50514,50516],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,50511,136],{"class":135},[44,50513,120],{"class":58},[44,50515,1984],{"class":116},[44,50517,129],{"class":58},[20,50519,2576],{},[35,50521,50522],{"className":37,"code":4543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,50523,50524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50525,50526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50527,4543],{"class":1266},[20,50529,50530,50531,50534,50535,50537],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50532,50533],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50536,50483],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50539,50540,50541,765],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50542,50543],{},"int(value)",[981,50545,50547],{"id":50546},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50549,50550,50552],{},[15,50551,45041],{}," does not modify anything.",[35,50554,50556],{"className":37,"code":50555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50557,50558,50570,50574,50592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50559,50560,50562,50564,50566,50568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50561,1244],{"class":50},[44,50563,55],{"class":54},[44,50565,75],{"class":62},[44,50567,14017],{"class":66},[44,50569,3865],{"class":62},[44,50571,50572],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50573,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,50575,50576,50578,50580,50582,50584,50586,50588,50590],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,50577,136],{"class":135},[44,50579,120],{"class":58},[44,50581,49112],{"class":135},[44,50583,120],{"class":58},[44,50585,1282],{"class":116},[44,50587,83],{"class":58},[44,50589,49141],{"class":2248},[44,50591,2239],{"class":58},[44,50593,50594,50596,50598,50600],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,50595,136],{"class":135},[44,50597,120],{"class":58},[44,50599,1282],{"class":116},[44,50601,129],{"class":58},[20,50603,2576],{},[35,50605,50607],{"className":37,"code":50606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n100\n",[15,50608,50609,50613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50610,50611],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50612,4482],{"class":1266},[44,50614,50615],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50616,47499],{"class":95},[20,50618,50619],{},"The value stays the same.",[30,50621,26378],{"id":26377},[20,50623,50624],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[35,50626,50628],{"className":37,"code":50627,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50629,50630,50644,50662,50686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50631,50632,50634,50636,50638,50640,50642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50633,136],{"class":135},[44,50635,120],{"class":58},[44,50637,2249],{"class":2248},[44,50639,120],{"class":58},[44,50641,1282],{"class":116},[44,50643,2239],{"class":58},[44,50645,50646,50648,50650,50652,50654,50656,50658,50660],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50647,136],{"class":135},[44,50649,120],{"class":58},[44,50651,49112],{"class":135},[44,50653,120],{"class":58},[44,50655,1282],{"class":116},[44,50657,83],{"class":58},[44,50659,45512],{"class":2248},[44,50661,2239],{"class":58},[44,50663,50664,50666,50668,50670,50672,50674,50676,50678,50680,50682,50684],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,50665,136],{"class":135},[44,50667,120],{"class":58},[44,50669,49112],{"class":135},[44,50671,120],{"class":58},[44,50673,1282],{"class":116},[44,50675,83],{"class":58},[44,50677,9728],{"class":58},[44,50679,2694],{"class":2248},[44,50681,83],{"class":58},[44,50683,40488],{"class":2248},[44,50685,3418],{"class":58},[44,50687,50688,50690,50692,50694,50696,50698],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,50689,136],{"class":135},[44,50691,120],{"class":58},[44,50693,42013],{"class":135},[44,50695,120],{"class":58},[44,50697,1282],{"class":116},[44,50699,2239],{"class":58},[20,50701,50702],{},"These can help when:",[252,50704,50705,50708,50713,50716],{},[255,50706,50707],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[255,50709,50710,50711],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50712,3511],{},[255,50714,50715],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[255,50717,50718,50719,50721],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50720,45041],{}," is invalid",[20,50723,50724],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[252,50726,50727,50741,50747,50752],{},[255,50728,50729,50730,3384,50733,50736,50737,3384,50739],{},"using ",[15,50731,50732],{},"'int'",[15,50734,50735],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50738,2694],{},[15,50740,3950],{},[255,50742,50743,50744,50746],{},"expecting ",[15,50745,45041],{}," to convert a value",[255,50748,50729,50749,50751],{},[15,50750,2806],{}," when inherited types should also match",[255,50753,50754],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50756,50757,50758,113],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[625,50759,50761,50762],{"href":50760},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50763,50764],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[30,50766,2301],{"id":2300},[981,50768,5643,50770,5646],{"id":50769},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50771,45041],{},[20,50773,5649,50774,50776,50777,113],{},[15,50775,4112],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50778,4178],{},[981,50780,5671,50782,50784],{"id":50781},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50783,45041],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50786,50787,50788,113],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50789,50790],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[981,50792,2358,50794,976,50796,2363],{"id":50793},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50795,45041],{},[15,50797,2806],{},[20,50799,50800,50802,50803,50805],{},[15,50801,2806],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50804,45041],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[981,50807,2329,50809,50811],{"id":50808},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50810,45041],{}," convert a value?",[20,50813,50814],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[30,50816,2375],{"id":2374},[252,50818,50819,50825,50829,50834,50839],{},[255,50820,50821],{},[625,50822,4083,50823,4016],{"href":2803},[15,50824,2806],{},[255,50826,50827],{},[625,50828,45033],{"href":49215},[255,50830,50831],{},[625,50832,50833],{"href":3468},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[255,50835,50836],{},[625,50837,50838],{"href":49218},"What is a data type in Python?",[255,50840,50841],{},[625,50842,50761,50843],{"href":50760},[15,50844,50764],{},[2414,50846,50847],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":50849},[50850,50851,50853,50856,50860,50861,50866,50872,50880,50881,50891],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":49154,"depth":102,"text":50852},"What isinstance() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392,"children":50854},[50855],{"id":49246,"depth":132,"text":49247},{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952,"children":50857},[50858,50859],{"id":49334,"depth":132,"text":49335},{"id":49405,"depth":132,"text":49406},{"id":49492,"depth":102,"text":49493},{"id":49689,"depth":102,"text":50862,"children":50863},"isinstance() vs type()",[50864,50865],{"id":49705,"depth":132,"text":49708},{"id":49747,"depth":132,"text":49750},{"id":49808,"depth":102,"text":49809,"children":50867},[50868,50869,50870,50871],{"id":49817,"depth":132,"text":49818},{"id":49999,"depth":132,"text":50000},{"id":50126,"depth":132,"text":50127},{"id":50204,"depth":132,"text":50205},{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526,"children":50873},[50874,50876,50877,50879],{"id":50294,"depth":132,"text":50875},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50377,"depth":132,"text":50378},{"id":50462,"depth":132,"text":50878},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50546,"depth":132,"text":50547},{"id":26377,"depth":102,"text":26378},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":50882},[50883,50885,50887,50889],{"id":50769,"depth":132,"text":50884},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50781,"depth":132,"text":50886},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50793,"depth":132,"text":50888},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50808,"depth":132,"text":50890},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":49055,"description":50892},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50898,"title":50899,"body":50900,"description":52873,"extension":2465,"meta":52874,"navigation":169,"path":52875,"seo":52876,"stem":52877,"__hash__":52878},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50901,"toc":52848},[50902,50905,50910,50915,50929,50932,50934,51009,51014,51018,51023,51026,51040,51042,51208,51221,51223,51225,51240,51243,51246,51259,51261,51359,51363,51369,51372,51381,51383,51418,51423,51444,51449,51454,51486,51489,51546,51550,51556,51559,51612,51614,51654,51657,51725,51728,51779,51786,51790,51796,51881,51887,51893,51942,51945,51948,51998,52000,52005,52009,52059,52063,52110,52114,52191,52195,52260,52263,52267,52272,52277,52289,52291,52310,52316,52319,52338,52343,52370,52377,52381,52387,52390,52485,52488,52491,52540,52545,52547,52551,52586,52589,52646,52656,52659,52693,52696,52698,52702,52705,52709,52712,52716,52719,52723,52736,52740,52745,52747,52797,52809,52811,52845],[10,50903,50899],{"id":50904},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50906,9616,50907,50909],{},[15,50908,42595],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50911,35634,50912,50914],{},[15,50913,42595],{}," to count:",[252,50916,50917,50920,50923,50926],{},[255,50918,50919],{},"characters in a string",[255,50921,50922],{},"items in a list or tuple",[255,50924,50925],{},"keys in a dictionary",[255,50927,50928],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50930,50931],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[30,50933,2507],{"id":2506},[35,50935,50937],{"className":37,"code":50936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50938,50939,50951,50971,50975,50992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50940,50941,50943,50945,50947,50949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50942,34915],{"class":50},[44,50944,55],{"class":54},[44,50946,75],{"class":62},[44,50948,4349],{"class":66},[44,50950,3865],{"class":62},[44,50952,50953,50955,50957,50959,50961,50963,50965,50967,50969],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50954,8276],{"class":50},[44,50956,55],{"class":54},[44,50958,1556],{"class":58},[44,50960,1559],{"class":95},[44,50962,83],{"class":58},[44,50964,646],{"class":95},[44,50966,83],{"class":58},[44,50968,1568],{"class":95},[44,50970,1153],{"class":58},[44,50972,50973],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,50974,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,50976,50977,50979,50981,50983,50985,50987,50989],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,50978,136],{"class":135},[44,50980,120],{"class":58},[44,50982,11641],{"class":135},[44,50984,120],{"class":58},[44,50986,34936],{"class":116},[44,50988,532],{"class":58},[44,50990,50991],{"class":147},"   # 5\n",[44,50993,50994,50996,50998,51000,51002,51004,51006],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,50995,136],{"class":135},[44,50997,120],{"class":58},[44,50999,11641],{"class":135},[44,51001,120],{"class":58},[44,51003,8305],{"class":116},[44,51005,532],{"class":58},[44,51007,51008],{"class":147},"  # 3\n",[20,51010,227,51011,51013],{},[15,51012,42595],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[30,51015,51017],{"id":51016},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,51019,51020,51022],{},[15,51021,42595],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,51024,51025],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[252,51027,51028,51031,51034,51037],{},[255,51029,51030],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[255,51032,51033],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[255,51035,51036],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[255,51038,51039],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,51041,269],{},[35,51043,51045],{"className":37,"code":51044,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,51046,51047,51059,51084,51116,51136,51140,51157,51174,51191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51048,51049,51051,51053,51055,51057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51050,8372],{"class":50},[44,51052,55],{"class":54},[44,51054,75],{"class":62},[44,51056,8173],{"class":66},[44,51058,3865],{"class":62},[44,51060,51061,51063,51065,51067,51069,51071,51073,51075,51077,51079,51082],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51062,1551],{"class":50},[44,51064,55],{"class":54},[44,51066,1556],{"class":58},[44,51068,1559],{"class":95},[44,51070,83],{"class":58},[44,51072,646],{"class":95},[44,51074,83],{"class":58},[44,51076,1568],{"class":95},[44,51078,83],{"class":58},[44,51080,51081],{"class":95}," 40",[44,51083,1153],{"class":58},[44,51085,51086,51088,51090,51092,51094,51096,51098,51100,51102,51104,51106,51108,51110,51112,51114],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,51087,616],{"class":50},[44,51089,55],{"class":54},[44,51091,59],{"class":58},[44,51093,63],{"class":62},[44,51095,625],{"class":66},[44,51097,63],{"class":62},[44,51099,72],{"class":58},[44,51101,1703],{"class":95},[44,51103,83],{"class":58},[44,51105,75],{"class":62},[44,51107,639],{"class":66},[44,51109,63],{"class":62},[44,51111,72],{"class":58},[44,51113,1717],{"class":95},[44,51115,99],{"class":58},[44,51117,51118,51120,51122,51124,51126,51128,51130,51132,51134],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,51119,4327],{"class":50},[44,51121,55],{"class":54},[44,51123,59],{"class":58},[44,51125,2643],{"class":95},[44,51127,83],{"class":58},[44,51129,37875],{"class":95},[44,51131,83],{"class":58},[44,51133,6495],{"class":95},[44,51135,99],{"class":58},[44,51137,51138],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,51139,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,51141,51142,51144,51146,51148,51150,51152,51154],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,51143,136],{"class":135},[44,51145,120],{"class":58},[44,51147,11641],{"class":135},[44,51149,120],{"class":58},[44,51151,67],{"class":116},[44,51153,532],{"class":58},[44,51155,51156],{"class":147},"     # 3\n",[44,51158,51159,51161,51163,51165,51167,51169,51171],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,51160,136],{"class":135},[44,51162,120],{"class":58},[44,51164,11641],{"class":135},[44,51166,120],{"class":58},[44,51168,1579],{"class":116},[44,51170,532],{"class":58},[44,51172,51173],{"class":147},"  # 4\n",[44,51175,51176,51178,51180,51182,51184,51186,51188],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,51177,136],{"class":135},[44,51179,120],{"class":58},[44,51181,11641],{"class":135},[44,51183,120],{"class":58},[44,51185,750],{"class":116},[44,51187,532],{"class":58},[44,51189,51190],{"class":147},"     # 2\n",[44,51192,51193,51195,51197,51199,51201,51203,51205],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,51194,136],{"class":135},[44,51196,120],{"class":58},[44,51198,11641],{"class":135},[44,51200,120],{"class":58},[44,51202,5860],{"class":116},[44,51204,532],{"class":58},[44,51206,51207],{"class":147},"   # 3\n",[20,51209,51210,51211,2695,51215,17526,51219,113],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[625,51212,51214],{"href":51213},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[625,51216,51218],{"href":51217},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[625,51220,9649],{"href":9648},[30,51222,392],{"id":391},[20,51224,2666],{},[35,51226,51228],{"className":37,"code":51227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len(object)\n",[15,51229,51230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51231,51232,51234,51236,51238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51233,11641],{"class":135},[44,51235,120],{"class":58},[44,51237,42633],{"class":2248},[44,51239,129],{"class":58},[20,51241,51242],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51244,51245],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[252,51247,51248,51250,51252,51254,51256],{},[255,51249,38139],{},[255,51251,38133],{},[255,51253,38136],{},[255,51255,38142],{},[255,51257,51258],{},"a dictionary",[20,51260,269],{},[35,51262,51264],{"className":37,"code":51263,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51265,51266,51287,51311,51333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51267,51268,51270,51272,51274,51276,51278,51280,51282,51284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51269,136],{"class":135},[44,51271,120],{"class":58},[44,51273,11641],{"class":135},[44,51275,120],{"class":58},[44,51277,63],{"class":62},[44,51279,39],{"class":66},[44,51281,63],{"class":62},[44,51283,532],{"class":58},[44,51285,51286],{"class":147},"      # 6\n",[44,51288,51289,51291,51293,51295,51297,51299,51301,51303,51305,51307,51309],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51290,136],{"class":135},[44,51292,120],{"class":58},[44,51294,11641],{"class":135},[44,51296,3492],{"class":58},[44,51298,1588],{"class":95},[44,51300,83],{"class":58},[44,51302,1717],{"class":95},[44,51304,83],{"class":58},[44,51306,2955],{"class":95},[44,51308,5237],{"class":58},[44,51310,51156],{"class":147},[44,51312,51313,51315,51317,51319,51321,51323,51325,51327,51330],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,51314,136],{"class":135},[44,51316,120],{"class":58},[44,51318,11641],{"class":135},[44,51320,6011],{"class":58},[44,51322,1559],{"class":95},[44,51324,83],{"class":58},[44,51326,646],{"class":95},[44,51328,51329],{"class":58},")))",[44,51331,51332],{"class":147},"      # 2\n",[44,51334,51335,51337,51339,51341,51343,51345,51347,51349,51351,51353,51356],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,51336,136],{"class":135},[44,51338,120],{"class":58},[44,51340,11641],{"class":135},[44,51342,6030],{"class":58},[44,51344,63],{"class":62},[44,51346,1696],{"class":66},[44,51348,63],{"class":62},[44,51350,72],{"class":58},[44,51352,1703],{"class":95},[44,51354,51355],{"class":58},"}))",[44,51357,51358],{"class":147},"      # 1\n",[30,51360,51362],{"id":51361},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51364,51365,51366,51368],{},"When you use ",[15,51367,42595],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51370,51371],{},"That includes:",[252,51373,51374,51376,51378],{},[255,51375,36373],{},[255,51377,10937],{},[255,51379,51380],{},"punctuation",[20,51382,269],{},[35,51384,51386],{"className":37,"code":51385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51387,51388,51401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51389,51390,51392,51394,51396,51399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51391,34915],{"class":50},[44,51393,55],{"class":54},[44,51395,75],{"class":62},[44,51397,51398],{"class":66},"Hi there!",[44,51400,3865],{"class":62},[44,51402,51403,51405,51407,51409,51411,51413,51415],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51404,136],{"class":135},[44,51406,120],{"class":58},[44,51408,11641],{"class":135},[44,51410,120],{"class":58},[44,51412,34936],{"class":116},[44,51414,532],{"class":58},[44,51416,51417],{"class":147},"  # 9\n",[20,51419,51420,51421,2363],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51422,2651],{},[252,51424,51425,51431,51435,51438],{},[255,51426,51427,51430],{},[15,51428,51429],{},"H"," = 1",[255,51432,51433,51430],{},[15,51434,36384],{},[255,51436,51437],{},"space = 1",[255,51439,51440,51443],{},[15,51441,51442],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51445,51446,51447],{},"Total: ",[15,51448,2651],{},[20,51450,51451,51452,72],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51453,2626],{},[35,51455,51457],{"className":37,"code":51456,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51458,51459,51468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51460,51461,51464,51466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51462,51463],{"class":50},"empty_text ",[44,51465,55],{"class":54},[44,51467,8377],{"class":62},[44,51469,51470,51472,51474,51476,51478,51481,51483],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51471,136],{"class":135},[44,51473,120],{"class":58},[44,51475,11641],{"class":135},[44,51477,120],{"class":58},[44,51479,51480],{"class":116},"empty_text",[44,51482,532],{"class":58},[44,51484,51485],{"class":147},"  # 0\n",[20,51487,51488],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[35,51490,51492],{"className":37,"code":51491,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51493,51494,51507,51511,51531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51495,51496,51499,51501,51503,51505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51497,51498],{"class":50},"user_name ",[44,51500,55],{"class":54},[44,51502,75],{"class":62},[44,51504,5505],{"class":66},[44,51506,3865],{"class":62},[44,51508,51509],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51510,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,51512,51513,51515,51517,51519,51522,51524,51527,51529],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,51514,1345],{"class":1140},[44,51516,38618],{"class":135},[44,51518,120],{"class":58},[44,51520,51521],{"class":116},"user_name",[44,51523,144],{"class":58},[44,51525,51526],{"class":54}," >=",[44,51528,2955],{"class":95},[44,51530,1359],{"class":58},[44,51532,51533,51535,51537,51539,51542,51544],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,51534,1387],{"class":135},[44,51536,120],{"class":58},[44,51538,63],{"class":62},[44,51540,51541],{"class":66},"Name is long enough",[44,51543,63],{"class":62},[44,51545,129],{"class":58},[30,51547,51549],{"id":51548},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51551,51552,51553,51555],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51554,42595],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51557,51558],{},"Example with a list:",[35,51560,51562],{"className":37,"code":51561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51563,51564,51596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51565,51566,51568,51570,51572,51574,51576,51578,51580,51582,51584,51586,51588,51590,51592,51594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51567,13539],{"class":50},[44,51569,55],{"class":54},[44,51571,1556],{"class":58},[44,51573,63],{"class":62},[44,51575,13556],{"class":66},[44,51577,63],{"class":62},[44,51579,83],{"class":58},[44,51581,75],{"class":62},[44,51583,17907],{"class":66},[44,51585,63],{"class":62},[44,51587,83],{"class":58},[44,51589,75],{"class":62},[44,51591,13573],{"class":66},[44,51593,63],{"class":62},[44,51595,1153],{"class":58},[44,51597,51598,51600,51602,51604,51606,51608,51610],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51599,136],{"class":135},[44,51601,120],{"class":58},[44,51603,11641],{"class":135},[44,51605,120],{"class":58},[44,51607,17954],{"class":116},[44,51609,532],{"class":58},[44,51611,51008],{"class":147},[20,51613,38148],{},[35,51615,51617],{"className":37,"code":51616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51618,51619,51636],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51620,51621,51624,51626,51628,51630,51632,51634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51622,51623],{"class":50},"point ",[44,51625,55],{"class":54},[44,51627,9728],{"class":58},[44,51629,1559],{"class":95},[44,51631,83],{"class":58},[44,51633,646],{"class":95},[44,51635,129],{"class":58},[44,51637,51638,51640,51642,51644,51646,51649,51651],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51639,136],{"class":135},[44,51641,120],{"class":58},[44,51643,11641],{"class":135},[44,51645,120],{"class":58},[44,51647,51648],{"class":116},"point",[44,51650,532],{"class":58},[44,51652,51653],{"class":147},"  # 2\n",[20,51655,51656],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[35,51658,51660],{"className":37,"code":51659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51661,51662,51686,51690,51708],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51663,51664,51666,51668,51670,51672,51674,51676,51678,51680,51682,51684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51665,8276],{"class":50},[44,51667,55],{"class":54},[44,51669,1556],{"class":58},[44,51671,63],{"class":62},[44,51673,4582],{"class":66},[44,51675,63],{"class":62},[44,51677,83],{"class":58},[44,51679,75],{"class":62},[44,51681,4591],{"class":66},[44,51683,63],{"class":62},[44,51685,1153],{"class":58},[44,51687,51688],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51689,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,51691,51692,51694,51696,51698,51700,51702,51704,51706],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,51693,1345],{"class":1140},[44,51695,38618],{"class":135},[44,51697,120],{"class":58},[44,51699,8305],{"class":116},[44,51701,144],{"class":58},[44,51703,38628],{"class":54},[44,51705,1703],{"class":95},[44,51707,1359],{"class":58},[44,51709,51710,51712,51714,51716,51718,51720,51722],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,51711,1387],{"class":135},[44,51713,120],{"class":58},[44,51715,8305],{"class":116},[44,51717,896],{"class":58},[44,51719,1588],{"class":95},[44,51721,20892],{"class":58},[44,51723,51724],{"class":147},"  # banana\n",[20,51726,51727],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[35,51729,51731],{"className":37,"code":51730,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51732,51733,51756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51734,51735,51737,51739,51741,51744,51746,51749,51751,51754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51736,472],{"class":50},[44,51738,55],{"class":54},[44,51740,1556],{"class":58},[44,51742,51743],{"class":95},"88",[44,51745,83],{"class":58},[44,51747,51748],{"class":95}," 91",[44,51750,83],{"class":58},[44,51752,51753],{"class":95}," 75",[44,51755,1153],{"class":58},[44,51757,51758,51760,51762,51764,51767,51769,51771,51773,51775,51777],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51759,136],{"class":135},[44,51761,120],{"class":58},[44,51763,63],{"class":62},[44,51765,51766],{"class":66},"Number of scores:",[44,51768,63],{"class":62},[44,51770,83],{"class":58},[44,51772,38618],{"class":135},[44,51774,120],{"class":58},[44,51776,517],{"class":116},[44,51778,2239],{"class":58},[20,51780,51781,51782,113],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[625,51783,51785],{"href":51784},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[30,51787,51789],{"id":51788},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51791,51792,51793,51795],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51794,42595],{}," counts keys.",[35,51797,51799],{"className":37,"code":51798,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51800,51801,51809,51827,51841,51857,51861,51865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51802,51803,51805,51807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51804,13327],{"class":50},[44,51806,55],{"class":54},[44,51808,11969],{"class":58},[44,51810,51811,51813,51815,51817,51819,51821,51823,51825],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51812,11974],{"class":62},[44,51814,67],{"class":66},[44,51816,63],{"class":62},[44,51818,72],{"class":58},[44,51820,75],{"class":62},[44,51822,1814],{"class":66},[44,51824,63],{"class":62},[44,51826,11990],{"class":58},[44,51828,51829,51831,51833,51835,51837,51839],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,51830,11974],{"class":62},[44,51832,88],{"class":66},[44,51834,63],{"class":62},[44,51836,72],{"class":58},[44,51838,31168],{"class":95},[44,51840,11990],{"class":58},[44,51842,51843,51845,51847,51849,51851,51853,51855],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,51844,11974],{"class":62},[44,51846,20338],{"class":66},[44,51848,63],{"class":62},[44,51850,72],{"class":58},[44,51852,75],{"class":62},[44,51854,22683],{"class":66},[44,51856,3865],{"class":62},[44,51858,51859],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,51860,99],{"class":58},[44,51862,51863],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,51864,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,51866,51867,51869,51871,51873,51875,51877,51879],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,51868,136],{"class":135},[44,51870,120],{"class":58},[44,51872,11641],{"class":135},[44,51874,120],{"class":58},[44,51876,14085],{"class":116},[44,51878,532],{"class":58},[44,51880,51008],{"class":147},[20,51882,51883,51884,51886],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51885,42595],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51888,51889,51890,51892],{},"For sets, ",[15,51891,42595],{}," counts unique items:",[35,51894,51896],{"className":37,"code":51895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51897,51898,51926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51899,51900,51902,51904,51906,51908,51910,51912,51914,51916,51918,51920,51922,51924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51901,1551],{"class":50},[44,51903,55],{"class":54},[44,51905,59],{"class":58},[44,51907,1588],{"class":95},[44,51909,83],{"class":58},[44,51911,1717],{"class":95},[44,51913,83],{"class":58},[44,51915,2955],{"class":95},[44,51917,83],{"class":58},[44,51919,2955],{"class":95},[44,51921,83],{"class":58},[44,51923,1717],{"class":95},[44,51925,99],{"class":58},[44,51927,51928,51930,51932,51934,51936,51938,51940],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51929,136],{"class":135},[44,51931,120],{"class":58},[44,51933,11641],{"class":135},[44,51935,120],{"class":58},[44,51937,1579],{"class":116},[44,51939,532],{"class":58},[44,51941,51008],{"class":147},[20,51943,51944],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51946,51947],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[35,51949,51951],{"className":37,"code":51950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51952,51953,51961,51965,51983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51954,51955,51957,51959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51956,616],{"class":50},[44,51958,55],{"class":54},[44,51960,10325],{"class":58},[44,51962,51963],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51964,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,51966,51967,51969,51971,51973,51975,51977,51979,51981],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,51968,1345],{"class":1140},[44,51970,38618],{"class":135},[44,51972,120],{"class":58},[44,51974,750],{"class":116},[44,51976,144],{"class":58},[44,51978,6909],{"class":54},[44,51980,561],{"class":95},[44,51982,1359],{"class":58},[44,51984,51985,51987,51989,51991,51994,51996],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,51986,1387],{"class":135},[44,51988,120],{"class":58},[44,51990,63],{"class":62},[44,51992,51993],{"class":66},"The dictionary is empty",[44,51995,63],{"class":62},[44,51997,129],{"class":58},[30,51999,41279],{"id":41278},[20,52001,52002,52003,113],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,52004,42595],{},[981,52006,52008],{"id":52007},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[35,52010,52012],{"className":37,"code":52011,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,52013,52014,52022,52026,52044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52015,52016,52018,52020],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52017,8276],{"class":50},[44,52019,55],{"class":54},[44,52021,8334],{"class":58},[44,52023,52024],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52025,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,52027,52028,52030,52032,52034,52036,52038,52040,52042],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,52029,1345],{"class":1140},[44,52031,38618],{"class":135},[44,52033,120],{"class":58},[44,52035,8305],{"class":116},[44,52037,144],{"class":58},[44,52039,6909],{"class":54},[44,52041,561],{"class":95},[44,52043,1359],{"class":58},[44,52045,52046,52048,52050,52052,52055,52057],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,52047,1387],{"class":135},[44,52049,120],{"class":58},[44,52051,63],{"class":62},[44,52053,52054],{"class":66},"The list is empty",[44,52056,63],{"class":62},[44,52058,129],{"class":58},[981,52060,52062],{"id":52061},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[35,52064,52066],{"className":37,"code":52065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,52067,52068,52087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52069,52070,52072,52074,52076,52078,52080,52083,52085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52071,6655],{"class":50},[44,52073,55],{"class":54},[44,52075,8737],{"class":135},[44,52077,120],{"class":58},[44,52079,63],{"class":62},[44,52081,52082],{"class":66},"Enter a word: ",[44,52084,63],{"class":62},[44,52086,129],{"class":58},[44,52088,52089,52091,52093,52095,52098,52100,52102,52104,52106,52108],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52090,136],{"class":135},[44,52092,120],{"class":58},[44,52094,63],{"class":62},[44,52096,52097],{"class":66},"Number of characters:",[44,52099,63],{"class":62},[44,52101,83],{"class":58},[44,52103,38618],{"class":135},[44,52105,120],{"class":58},[44,52107,38623],{"class":116},[44,52109,2239],{"class":58},[981,52111,52113],{"id":52112},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[35,52115,52117],{"className":37,"code":52116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52118,52119,52133,52137,52155,52170,52176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52120,52121,52124,52126,52128,52131],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52122,52123],{"class":50},"password ",[44,52125,55],{"class":54},[44,52127,75],{"class":62},[44,52129,52130],{"class":66},"secret123",[44,52132,3865],{"class":62},[44,52134,52135],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52136,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,52138,52139,52141,52143,52145,52147,52149,52151,52153],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,52140,1345],{"class":1140},[44,52142,38618],{"class":135},[44,52144,120],{"class":58},[44,52146,18073],{"class":116},[44,52148,144],{"class":58},[44,52150,51526],{"class":54},[44,52152,6861],{"class":95},[44,52154,1359],{"class":58},[44,52156,52157,52159,52161,52163,52166,52168],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,52158,1387],{"class":135},[44,52160,120],{"class":58},[44,52162,63],{"class":62},[44,52164,52165],{"class":66},"Password length is valid",[44,52167,63],{"class":62},[44,52169,129],{"class":58},[44,52171,52172,52174],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,52173,1398],{"class":1140},[44,52175,1359],{"class":58},[44,52177,52178,52180,52182,52184,52187,52189],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,52179,1387],{"class":135},[44,52181,120],{"class":58},[44,52183,63],{"class":62},[44,52185,52186],{"class":66},"Password is too short",[44,52188,63],{"class":62},[44,52190,129],{"class":58},[981,52192,52194],{"id":52193},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[35,52196,52198],{"className":37,"code":52197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52199,52200,52236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52201,52202,52205,52207,52209,52211,52214,52216,52218,52220,52223,52225,52227,52229,52232,52234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52203,52204],{"class":50},"results ",[44,52206,55],{"class":54},[44,52208,1556],{"class":58},[44,52210,63],{"class":62},[44,52212,52213],{"class":66},"item1",[44,52215,63],{"class":62},[44,52217,83],{"class":58},[44,52219,75],{"class":62},[44,52221,52222],{"class":66},"item2",[44,52224,63],{"class":62},[44,52226,83],{"class":58},[44,52228,75],{"class":62},[44,52230,52231],{"class":66},"item3",[44,52233,63],{"class":62},[44,52235,1153],{"class":58},[44,52237,52238,52240,52242,52244,52247,52249,52251,52253,52255,52258],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52239,136],{"class":135},[44,52241,120],{"class":58},[44,52243,63],{"class":62},[44,52245,52246],{"class":66},"Items found:",[44,52248,63],{"class":62},[44,52250,83],{"class":58},[44,52252,38618],{"class":135},[44,52254,120],{"class":58},[44,52256,52257],{"class":116},"results",[44,52259,2239],{"class":58},[20,52261,52262],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[30,52264,52266],{"id":52265},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52268,52269,52271],{},[15,52270,42595],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52273,52274,52275,72],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52276,3511],{},[252,52278,52279,52282,52285],{},[255,52280,52281],{},"plain integers",[255,52283,52284],{},"floats",[255,52286,52287],{},[15,52288,4282],{},[20,52290,269],{},[35,52292,52294],{"className":37,"code":52293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52295,52296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52297,52298,52300,52302,52304,52306,52308],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52299,136],{"class":135},[44,52301,120],{"class":58},[44,52303,11641],{"class":135},[44,52305,120],{"class":58},[44,52307,2643],{"class":95},[44,52309,2239],{"class":58},[20,52311,52312,52313,52315],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52314,2643],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52317,52318],{},"Another example:",[35,52320,52322],{"className":37,"code":52321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52323,52324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52325,52326,52328,52330,52332,52334,52336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52327,136],{"class":135},[44,52329,120],{"class":58},[44,52331,11641],{"class":135},[44,52333,120],{"class":58},[44,52335,40376],{"class":95},[44,52337,2239],{"class":58},[20,52339,52340,52341,72],{},"And with ",[15,52342,4282],{},[35,52344,52346],{"className":37,"code":52345,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52347,52348,52356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52349,52350,52352,52354],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52351,1244],{"class":50},[44,52353,55],{"class":54},[44,52355,48764],{"class":1266},[44,52357,52358,52360,52362,52364,52366,52368],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52359,136],{"class":135},[44,52361,120],{"class":58},[44,52363,11641],{"class":135},[44,52365,120],{"class":58},[44,52367,1282],{"class":116},[44,52369,2239],{"class":58},[20,52371,52372,52373,113],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[625,52374,52376],{"href":52375},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[30,52378,52380],{"id":52379},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52382,52383,52384,52386],{},"Before using ",[15,52385,42595],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52388,52389],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[35,52391,52393],{"className":37,"code":52392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52394,52395,52403,52407,52417,52431,52449,52467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52396,52397,52399,52401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52398,1244],{"class":50},[44,52400,55],{"class":54},[44,52402,48764],{"class":1266},[44,52404,52405],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52406,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,52408,52409,52411,52413,52415],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,52410,136],{"class":135},[44,52412,120],{"class":58},[44,52414,1282],{"class":116},[44,52416,129],{"class":58},[44,52418,52419,52421,52423,52425,52427,52429],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,52420,136],{"class":135},[44,52422,120],{"class":58},[44,52424,2249],{"class":2248},[44,52426,120],{"class":58},[44,52428,1282],{"class":116},[44,52430,2239],{"class":58},[44,52432,52433,52435,52437,52439,52441,52443,52445,52447],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,52434,136],{"class":135},[44,52436,120],{"class":58},[44,52438,49112],{"class":135},[44,52440,120],{"class":58},[44,52442,1282],{"class":116},[44,52444,83],{"class":58},[44,52446,49141],{"class":2248},[44,52448,2239],{"class":58},[44,52450,52451,52453,52455,52457,52459,52461,52463,52465],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,52452,136],{"class":135},[44,52454,120],{"class":58},[44,52456,49112],{"class":135},[44,52458,120],{"class":58},[44,52460,1282],{"class":116},[44,52462,83],{"class":58},[44,52464,22998],{"class":2248},[44,52466,2239],{"class":58},[44,52468,52469,52471,52473,52475,52477,52479,52481,52483],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,52470,136],{"class":135},[44,52472,120],{"class":58},[44,52474,49112],{"class":135},[44,52476,120],{"class":58},[44,52478,1282],{"class":116},[44,52480,83],{"class":58},[44,52482,9663],{"class":2248},[44,52484,2239],{"class":58},[20,52486,52487],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52489,52490],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[35,52492,52494],{"className":37,"code":52493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52495,52496,52508,52512,52526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52497,52498,52500,52502,52504,52506],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52499,1244],{"class":50},[44,52501,55],{"class":54},[44,52503,75],{"class":62},[44,52505,4349],{"class":66},[44,52507,3865],{"class":62},[44,52509,52510],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52511,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,52513,52514,52516,52518,52520,52522,52524],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,52515,1345],{"class":1140},[44,52517,22023],{"class":50},[44,52519,12666],{"class":54},[44,52521,8594],{"class":54},[44,52523,1267],{"class":1266},[44,52525,1359],{"class":58},[44,52527,52528,52530,52532,52534,52536,52538],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,52529,1387],{"class":135},[44,52531,120],{"class":58},[44,52533,11641],{"class":135},[44,52535,120],{"class":58},[44,52537,1282],{"class":116},[44,52539,2239],{"class":58},[20,52541,52542,52543,113],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[625,52544,8937],{"href":2803},[30,52546,3335],{"id":3334},[20,52548,23533,52549,72],{},[15,52550,42595],{},[252,52552,52553,52561,52569,52577,52583],{},[255,52554,1785,52555,52557,52558],{},[15,52556,42595],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52559,52560],{},"len(5)",[255,52562,1785,52563,52565,52566],{},[15,52564,42595],{}," on a float like ",[15,52567,52568],{},"len(3.14)",[255,52570,1785,52571,52573,52574,52576],{},[15,52572,42595],{}," on ",[15,52575,4282],{}," after a function returns nothing",[255,52578,5082,52579,52582],{},[15,52580,52581],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[255,52584,52585],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52587,52588],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[35,52590,52592],{"className":37,"code":52591,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52593,52594,52630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52595,52596,52598,52600,52602,52604,52606,52608,52610,52612,52614,52616,52618,52620,52622,52624,52626,52628],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52597,51],{"class":50},[44,52599,55],{"class":54},[44,52601,59],{"class":58},[44,52603,63],{"class":62},[44,52605,67],{"class":66},[44,52607,63],{"class":62},[44,52609,72],{"class":58},[44,52611,75],{"class":62},[44,52613,78],{"class":66},[44,52615,63],{"class":62},[44,52617,83],{"class":58},[44,52619,75],{"class":62},[44,52621,88],{"class":66},[44,52623,63],{"class":62},[44,52625,72],{"class":58},[44,52627,646],{"class":95},[44,52629,99],{"class":58},[44,52631,52632,52634,52636,52638,52640,52642,52644],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52633,136],{"class":135},[44,52635,120],{"class":58},[44,52637,11641],{"class":135},[44,52639,120],{"class":58},[44,52641,158],{"class":116},[44,52643,532],{"class":58},[44,52645,51653],{"class":147},[20,52647,37826,52648,52650,52651,976,52653,113],{},[15,52649,2561],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52652,15696],{},[15,52654,52655],{},"\"age\"",[20,52657,52658],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[35,52660,52662],{"className":37,"code":52661,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52663,52664,52677],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52665,52666,52668,52670,52672,52675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52667,34915],{"class":50},[44,52669,55],{"class":54},[44,52671,75],{"class":62},[44,52673,52674],{"class":66},"a b",[44,52676,3865],{"class":62},[44,52678,52679,52681,52683,52685,52687,52689,52691],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52680,136],{"class":135},[44,52682,120],{"class":58},[44,52684,11641],{"class":135},[44,52686,120],{"class":58},[44,52688,34936],{"class":116},[44,52690,532],{"class":58},[44,52692,51008],{"class":147},[20,52694,52695],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[30,52697,2301],{"id":2300},[981,52699,52701],{"id":52700},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52703,52704],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[981,52706,52708],{"id":52707},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52710,52711],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[981,52713,52715],{"id":52714},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52717,52718],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[981,52720,52722],{"id":52721},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52724,52725,52726,52728,52729,3384,52731,52733,52734,113],{},"No. Using ",[15,52727,42595],{}," on an ",[15,52730,2694],{},[15,52732,2698],{}," raises a ",[15,52735,3511],{},[981,52737,52739],{"id":52738},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52741,8259,52742,113],{},[15,52743,52744],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52746,269],{},[35,52748,52750],{"className":37,"code":52749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52751,52752,52760,52764,52782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52753,52754,52756,52758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52755,8803],{"class":50},[44,52757,55],{"class":54},[44,52759,8334],{"class":58},[44,52761,52762],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52763,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,52765,52766,52768,52770,52772,52774,52776,52778,52780],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,52767,1345],{"class":1140},[44,52769,38618],{"class":135},[44,52771,120],{"class":58},[44,52773,8834],{"class":116},[44,52775,144],{"class":58},[44,52777,6909],{"class":54},[44,52779,561],{"class":95},[44,52781,1359],{"class":58},[44,52783,52784,52786,52788,52790,52793,52795],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,52785,1387],{"class":135},[44,52787,120],{"class":58},[44,52789,63],{"class":62},[44,52791,52792],{"class":66},"Empty list",[44,52794,63],{"class":62},[44,52796,129],{"class":58},[20,52798,52799,52800,52802,52803,52805,52806,52808],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52801,4178],{}," in an ",[15,52804,1345],{}," statement, but ",[15,52807,42595],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[30,52810,2375],{"id":2374},[252,52812,52813,52817,52821,52825,52830,52834,52840],{},[255,52814,52815],{},[625,52816,51214],{"href":51213},[255,52818,52819],{},[625,52820,51218],{"href":51217},[255,52822,52823],{},[625,52824,9649],{"href":9648},[255,52826,52827],{},[625,52828,52829],{"href":51784},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[255,52831,52832],{},[625,52833,8937],{"href":2803},[255,52835,52836],{},[625,52837,52839],{"href":52838},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[255,52841,52842],{},[625,52843,52844],{"href":52375},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2414,52846,52847],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":52849},[52850,52851,52852,52853,52854,52855,52856,52862,52863,52864,52865,52872],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":51016,"depth":102,"text":51017},{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":51361,"depth":102,"text":51362},{"id":51548,"depth":102,"text":51549},{"id":51788,"depth":102,"text":51789},{"id":41278,"depth":102,"text":41279,"children":52857},[52858,52859,52860,52861],{"id":52007,"depth":132,"text":52008},{"id":52061,"depth":132,"text":52062},{"id":52112,"depth":132,"text":52113},{"id":52193,"depth":132,"text":52194},{"id":52265,"depth":102,"text":52266},{"id":52379,"depth":102,"text":52380},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":52866},[52867,52868,52869,52870,52871],{"id":52700,"depth":132,"text":52701},{"id":52707,"depth":132,"text":52708},{"id":52714,"depth":132,"text":52715},{"id":52721,"depth":132,"text":52722},{"id":52738,"depth":132,"text":52739},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50899,"description":52873},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52880,"title":52881,"body":52882,"description":54567,"extension":2465,"meta":54568,"navigation":169,"path":54569,"seo":54570,"stem":54571,"__hash__":54572},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52883,"toc":54540},[52884,52887,52901,52907,52909,52963,52968,52972,52988,52991,53005,53011,53013,53016,53035,53051,53053,53129,53131,53168,53179,53181,53184,53245,53247,53280,53283,53289,53293,53296,53421,53423,53482,53490,53543,53545,53572,53578,53588,53592,53595,53600,53652,53654,53680,53686,53740,53742,53767,53770,53794,53800,53802,53806,53808,53865,53867,53875,53877,53899,53901,53954,53956,53980,53984,53986,54025,54027,54035,54041,54045,54097,54099,54125,54133,54137,54142,54151,54153,54219,54221,54253,54257,54262,54264,54278,54281,54354,54356,54382,54384,54388,54395,54399,54406,54410,54413,54415,54468,54470,54496,54500,54509,54511,54537],[10,52885,52881],{"id":52886},"python-list-append-method",[20,52888,2482,52889,52892,52893,52896,52897,52900],{},[15,52890,52891],{},"append()"," method adds ",[590,52894,52895],{},"one item"," to the ",[590,52898,52899],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52902,52903,52904,52906],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[590,52905,592],{}," create a new list.",[30,52908,33],{"id":32},[35,52910,52912],{"className":37,"code":52911,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52913,52914,52934,52948,52958],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52915,52916,52918,52920,52922,52924,52926,52928,52930,52932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52917,1551],{"class":50},[44,52919,55],{"class":54},[44,52921,1556],{"class":58},[44,52923,1588],{"class":95},[44,52925,83],{"class":58},[44,52927,1717],{"class":95},[44,52929,83],{"class":58},[44,52931,2955],{"class":95},[44,52933,1153],{"class":58},[44,52935,52936,52938,52940,52942,52944,52946],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52937,1579],{"class":50},[44,52939,113],{"class":58},[44,52941,14012],{"class":116},[44,52943,120],{"class":58},[44,52945,3008],{"class":95},[44,52947,129],{"class":58},[44,52949,52950,52952,52954,52956],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,52951,136],{"class":135},[44,52953,120],{"class":58},[44,52955,1579],{"class":116},[44,52957,129],{"class":58},[44,52959,52960],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,52961,52962],{"class":147},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52964,227,52965,52967],{},[15,52966,52891],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[30,52969,52971],{"id":52970},"what-append-does","What append() does",[252,52973,52974,52979,52982,52985],{},[255,52975,52976,52978],{},[15,52977,52891],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[255,52980,52981],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[255,52983,52984],{},"It does not create a new list",[255,52986,52987],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52989,52990],{},"This means you can append:",[252,52992,52993,52995,52997,52999,53001,53003],{},[255,52994,1579],{},[255,52996,5810],{},[255,52998,40827],{},[255,53000,5801],{},[255,53002,7747],{},[255,53004,34889],{},[20,53006,53007,53008,113],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[625,53009,53010],{"href":51217},"Python lists explained for beginners",[30,53012,5932],{"id":5931},[20,53014,53015],{},"Basic form:",[35,53017,53019],{"className":37,"code":53018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,53020,53021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53022,53023,53025,53027,53029,53031,53033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53024,8834],{"class":50},[44,53026,113],{"class":58},[44,53028,14012],{"class":116},[44,53030,120],{"class":58},[44,53032,23749],{"class":116},[44,53034,129],{"class":58},[252,53036,53037,53042,53047],{},[255,53038,53039,53041],{},[15,53040,8834],{}," is the list you want to change",[255,53043,53044,53046],{},[15,53045,23749],{}," is the value or object to add",[255,53048,12383,53049],{},[15,53050,4282],{},[20,53052,269],{},[35,53054,53056],{"className":37,"code":53055,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,53057,53058,53082,53105,53109,53119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53059,53060,53062,53064,53066,53068,53070,53072,53074,53076,53078,53080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53061,36469],{"class":50},[44,53063,55],{"class":54},[44,53065,1556],{"class":58},[44,53067,63],{"class":62},[44,53069,4582],{"class":66},[44,53071,63],{"class":62},[44,53073,83],{"class":58},[44,53075,75],{"class":62},[44,53077,4591],{"class":66},[44,53079,63],{"class":62},[44,53081,1153],{"class":58},[44,53083,53084,53086,53088,53091,53093,53095,53097,53099,53101,53103],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53085,1953],{"class":50},[44,53087,55],{"class":54},[44,53089,53090],{"class":50}," fruits",[44,53092,113],{"class":58},[44,53094,14012],{"class":116},[44,53096,120],{"class":58},[44,53098,63],{"class":62},[44,53100,33447],{"class":66},[44,53102,63],{"class":62},[44,53104,129],{"class":58},[44,53106,53107],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,53108,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,53110,53111,53113,53115,53117],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,53112,136],{"class":135},[44,53114,120],{"class":58},[44,53116,36521],{"class":116},[44,53118,129],{"class":58},[44,53120,53121,53123,53125,53127],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,53122,136],{"class":135},[44,53124,120],{"class":58},[44,53126,1984],{"class":116},[44,53128,129],{"class":58},[20,53130,2576],{},[35,53132,53134],{"className":37,"code":53133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53135,53136,53164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53137,53138,53140,53142,53144,53146,53148,53150,53152,53154,53156,53158,53160,53162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53139,896],{"class":58},[44,53141,2197],{"class":62},[44,53143,4582],{"class":66},[44,53145,2197],{"class":62},[44,53147,83],{"class":58},[44,53149,2232],{"class":62},[44,53151,4591],{"class":66},[44,53153,2197],{"class":62},[44,53155,83],{"class":58},[44,53157,2232],{"class":62},[44,53159,33447],{"class":66},[44,53161,2197],{"class":62},[44,53163,1153],{"class":58},[44,53165,53166],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53167,12280],{"class":1266},[20,53169,53170,53171,53173,53174,53176,53177,113],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53172,52891],{}," updates ",[15,53175,36521],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53178,4282],{},[30,53180,11952],{"id":11951},[20,53182,53183],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[35,53185,53187],{"className":37,"code":53186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53188,53189,53213,53231,53235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53190,53191,53193,53195,53197,53199,53201,53203,53205,53207,53209,53211],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53192,13539],{"class":50},[44,53194,55],{"class":54},[44,53196,1556],{"class":58},[44,53198,63],{"class":62},[44,53200,13556],{"class":66},[44,53202,63],{"class":62},[44,53204,83],{"class":58},[44,53206,75],{"class":62},[44,53208,13573],{"class":66},[44,53210,63],{"class":62},[44,53212,1153],{"class":58},[44,53214,53215,53217,53219,53221,53223,53225,53227,53229],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53216,17954],{"class":50},[44,53218,113],{"class":58},[44,53220,14012],{"class":116},[44,53222,120],{"class":58},[44,53224,63],{"class":62},[44,53226,17907],{"class":66},[44,53228,63],{"class":62},[44,53230,129],{"class":58},[44,53232,53233],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,53234,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,53236,53237,53239,53241,53243],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,53238,136],{"class":135},[44,53240,120],{"class":58},[44,53242,17954],{"class":116},[44,53244,129],{"class":58},[20,53246,2576],{},[35,53248,53250],{"className":37,"code":53249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53251,53252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53253,53254,53256,53258,53260,53262,53264,53266,53268,53270,53272,53274,53276,53278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53255,896],{"class":58},[44,53257,2197],{"class":62},[44,53259,13556],{"class":66},[44,53261,2197],{"class":62},[44,53263,83],{"class":58},[44,53265,2232],{"class":62},[44,53267,13573],{"class":66},[44,53269,2197],{"class":62},[44,53271,83],{"class":58},[44,53273,2232],{"class":62},[44,53275,17907],{"class":66},[44,53277,2197],{"class":62},[44,53279,1153],{"class":58},[20,53281,53282],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53284,31308,53285,113],{},[625,53286,53288],{"href":53287},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[30,53290,53292],{"id":53291},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53294,53295],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[35,53297,53299],{"className":37,"code":53298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53300,53301,53309,53313,53327,53345,53359,53385,53407,53411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53302,53303,53305,53307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53304,8276],{"class":50},[44,53306,55],{"class":54},[44,53308,8334],{"class":58},[44,53310,53311],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53312,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,53314,53315,53317,53319,53321,53323,53325],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,53316,8305],{"class":50},[44,53318,113],{"class":58},[44,53320,14012],{"class":116},[44,53322,120],{"class":58},[44,53324,1559],{"class":95},[44,53326,129],{"class":58},[44,53328,53329,53331,53333,53335,53337,53339,53341,53343],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,53330,8305],{"class":50},[44,53332,113],{"class":58},[44,53334,14012],{"class":116},[44,53336,120],{"class":58},[44,53338,63],{"class":62},[44,53340,4349],{"class":66},[44,53342,63],{"class":62},[44,53344,129],{"class":58},[44,53346,53347,53349,53351,53353,53355,53357],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,53348,8305],{"class":50},[44,53350,113],{"class":58},[44,53352,14012],{"class":116},[44,53354,120],{"class":58},[44,53356,4112],{"class":1266},[44,53358,129],{"class":58},[44,53360,53361,53363,53365,53367,53369,53371,53373,53375,53377,53379,53381,53383],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,53362,8305],{"class":50},[44,53364,113],{"class":58},[44,53366,14012],{"class":116},[44,53368,6030],{"class":58},[44,53370,63],{"class":62},[44,53372,67],{"class":66},[44,53374,63],{"class":62},[44,53376,72],{"class":58},[44,53378,75],{"class":62},[44,53380,8173],{"class":66},[44,53382,63],{"class":62},[44,53384,30721],{"class":58},[44,53386,53387,53389,53391,53393,53395,53397,53399,53401,53403,53405],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,53388,8305],{"class":50},[44,53390,113],{"class":58},[44,53392,14012],{"class":116},[44,53394,3492],{"class":58},[44,53396,1588],{"class":95},[44,53398,83],{"class":58},[44,53400,1717],{"class":95},[44,53402,83],{"class":58},[44,53404,2955],{"class":95},[44,53406,4391],{"class":58},[44,53408,53409],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,53410,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,53412,53413,53415,53417,53419],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,53414,136],{"class":135},[44,53416,120],{"class":58},[44,53418,8305],{"class":116},[44,53420,129],{"class":58},[20,53422,2576],{},[35,53424,53426],{"className":37,"code":53425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53427,53428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53429,53430,53432,53434,53436,53438,53440,53442,53444,53446,53448,53450,53452,53454,53456,53458,53460,53462,53464,53467,53469,53471,53473,53475,53477,53479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53431,896],{"class":58},[44,53433,1559],{"class":95},[44,53435,83],{"class":58},[44,53437,2232],{"class":62},[44,53439,4349],{"class":66},[44,53441,2197],{"class":62},[44,53443,83],{"class":58},[44,53445,4418],{"class":1266},[44,53447,83],{"class":58},[44,53449,59],{"class":58},[44,53451,2197],{"class":62},[44,53453,67],{"class":66},[44,53455,2197],{"class":62},[44,53457,72],{"class":58},[44,53459,2232],{"class":62},[44,53461,8173],{"class":66},[44,53463,2197],{"class":62},[44,53465,53466],{"class":58},"},",[44,53468,1556],{"class":58},[44,53470,1588],{"class":95},[44,53472,83],{"class":58},[44,53474,1717],{"class":95},[44,53476,83],{"class":58},[44,53478,2955],{"class":95},[44,53480,53481],{"class":58},"]]\n",[20,53483,53484,53485,42389,53487,113],{},"A list added with ",[15,53486,52891],{},[590,53488,53489],{},"one single item",[35,53491,53493],{"className":37,"code":53492,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53494,53495,53511,53529,53533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53496,53497,53499,53501,53503,53505,53507,53509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53498,1551],{"class":50},[44,53500,55],{"class":54},[44,53502,1556],{"class":58},[44,53504,1588],{"class":95},[44,53506,83],{"class":58},[44,53508,1717],{"class":95},[44,53510,1153],{"class":58},[44,53512,53513,53515,53517,53519,53521,53523,53525,53527],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53514,1579],{"class":50},[44,53516,113],{"class":58},[44,53518,14012],{"class":116},[44,53520,3492],{"class":58},[44,53522,2567],{"class":95},[44,53524,83],{"class":58},[44,53526,2961],{"class":95},[44,53528,4391],{"class":58},[44,53530,53531],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,53532,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,53534,53535,53537,53539,53541],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,53536,136],{"class":135},[44,53538,120],{"class":58},[44,53540,1579],{"class":116},[44,53542,129],{"class":58},[20,53544,2576],{},[35,53546,53548],{"className":37,"code":53547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53549,53550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53551,53552,53554,53556,53558,53560,53562,53564,53566,53568,53570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53553,896],{"class":58},[44,53555,1588],{"class":95},[44,53557,83],{"class":58},[44,53559,1717],{"class":95},[44,53561,83],{"class":58},[44,53563,1556],{"class":58},[44,53565,2567],{"class":95},[44,53567,83],{"class":58},[44,53569,2961],{"class":95},[44,53571,53481],{"class":58},[20,53573,2790,53574,53577],{},[15,53575,53576],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53579,53580,53581,53587],{},"This is different from ",[625,53582,53584],{"href":53583},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53585,53586],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[30,53589,53591],{"id":53590},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53593,53594],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[981,53596,1785,53598],{"id":53597},"using-append",[15,53599,52891],{},[35,53601,53602],{"className":37,"code":53492,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53603,53604,53620,53638,53642],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53605,53606,53608,53610,53612,53614,53616,53618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53607,1551],{"class":50},[44,53609,55],{"class":54},[44,53611,1556],{"class":58},[44,53613,1588],{"class":95},[44,53615,83],{"class":58},[44,53617,1717],{"class":95},[44,53619,1153],{"class":58},[44,53621,53622,53624,53626,53628,53630,53632,53634,53636],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53623,1579],{"class":50},[44,53625,113],{"class":58},[44,53627,14012],{"class":116},[44,53629,3492],{"class":58},[44,53631,2567],{"class":95},[44,53633,83],{"class":58},[44,53635,2961],{"class":95},[44,53637,4391],{"class":58},[44,53639,53640],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,53641,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,53643,53644,53646,53648,53650],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,53645,136],{"class":135},[44,53647,120],{"class":58},[44,53649,1579],{"class":116},[44,53651,129],{"class":58},[20,53653,2576],{},[35,53655,53656],{"className":37,"code":53547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53657,53658],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53659,53660,53662,53664,53666,53668,53670,53672,53674,53676,53678],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53661,896],{"class":58},[44,53663,1588],{"class":95},[44,53665,83],{"class":58},[44,53667,1717],{"class":95},[44,53669,83],{"class":58},[44,53671,1556],{"class":58},[44,53673,2567],{"class":95},[44,53675,83],{"class":58},[44,53677,2961],{"class":95},[44,53679,53481],{"class":58},[981,53681,1785,53683],{"id":53682},"using-extend",[15,53684,53685],{},"extend()",[35,53687,53689],{"className":37,"code":53688,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53690,53691,53707,53726,53730],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53692,53693,53695,53697,53699,53701,53703,53705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53694,1551],{"class":50},[44,53696,55],{"class":54},[44,53698,1556],{"class":58},[44,53700,1588],{"class":95},[44,53702,83],{"class":58},[44,53704,1717],{"class":95},[44,53706,1153],{"class":58},[44,53708,53709,53711,53713,53716,53718,53720,53722,53724],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53710,1579],{"class":50},[44,53712,113],{"class":58},[44,53714,53715],{"class":116},"extend",[44,53717,3492],{"class":58},[44,53719,2567],{"class":95},[44,53721,83],{"class":58},[44,53723,2961],{"class":95},[44,53725,4391],{"class":58},[44,53727,53728],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,53729,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,53731,53732,53734,53736,53738],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,53733,136],{"class":135},[44,53735,120],{"class":58},[44,53737,1579],{"class":116},[44,53739,129],{"class":58},[20,53741,2576],{},[35,53743,53745],{"className":37,"code":53744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53746,53747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53748,53749,53751,53753,53755,53757,53759,53761,53763,53765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53750,896],{"class":58},[44,53752,1588],{"class":95},[44,53754,83],{"class":58},[44,53756,1717],{"class":95},[44,53758,83],{"class":58},[44,53760,2955],{"class":95},[44,53762,83],{"class":58},[44,53764,2961],{"class":95},[44,53766,1153],{"class":58},[20,53768,53769],{},"The difference:",[252,53771,53772,53778,53784,53789],{},[255,53773,53774,53777],{},[15,53775,53776],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[255,53779,53780,53783],{},[15,53781,53782],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[255,53785,227,53786,53788],{},[15,53787,52891],{}," for one item",[255,53790,227,53791,53793],{},[15,53792,53685],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53795,53796,53797,113],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[625,53798,53799],{"href":53583},"Python list extend() method",[30,53801,1526],{"id":1525},[981,53803,53805],{"id":53804},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53807,26127],{},[35,53809,53811],{"className":37,"code":53810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53812,53813,53833,53851,53855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53814,53815,53817,53819,53821,53823,53825,53827,53829,53831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53816,8276],{"class":50},[44,53818,55],{"class":54},[44,53820,1556],{"class":58},[44,53822,1588],{"class":95},[44,53824,83],{"class":58},[44,53826,1717],{"class":95},[44,53828,83],{"class":58},[44,53830,2955],{"class":95},[44,53832,1153],{"class":58},[44,53834,53835,53837,53839,53841,53843,53845,53847,53849],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53836,8276],{"class":50},[44,53838,55],{"class":54},[44,53840,6467],{"class":50},[44,53842,113],{"class":58},[44,53844,14012],{"class":116},[44,53846,120],{"class":58},[44,53848,3008],{"class":95},[44,53850,129],{"class":58},[44,53852,53853],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,53854,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,53856,53857,53859,53861,53863],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,53858,136],{"class":135},[44,53860,120],{"class":58},[44,53862,8305],{"class":116},[44,53864,129],{"class":58},[20,53866,2576],{},[35,53868,53869],{"className":37,"code":12280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53870,53871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53872,53873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53874,12280],{"class":1266},[20,53876,12372],{},[252,53878,53879,53884,53890],{},[255,53880,53881,53883],{},[15,53882,52891],{}," changes the list in place",[255,53885,53886,2901,53888],{},[15,53887,52891],{},[15,53889,4282],{},[255,53891,53892,53893,53896,53897],{},"So ",[15,53894,53895],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53898,4282],{},[20,53900,11288],{},[35,53902,53904],{"className":37,"code":53903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53905,53906,53926,53940,53944],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53907,53908,53910,53912,53914,53916,53918,53920,53922,53924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53909,8276],{"class":50},[44,53911,55],{"class":54},[44,53913,1556],{"class":58},[44,53915,1588],{"class":95},[44,53917,83],{"class":58},[44,53919,1717],{"class":95},[44,53921,83],{"class":58},[44,53923,2955],{"class":95},[44,53925,1153],{"class":58},[44,53927,53928,53930,53932,53934,53936,53938],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53929,8305],{"class":50},[44,53931,113],{"class":58},[44,53933,14012],{"class":116},[44,53935,120],{"class":58},[44,53937,3008],{"class":95},[44,53939,129],{"class":58},[44,53941,53942],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,53943,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,53945,53946,53948,53950,53952],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,53947,136],{"class":135},[44,53949,120],{"class":58},[44,53951,8305],{"class":116},[44,53953,129],{"class":58},[20,53955,2576],{},[35,53957,53958],{"className":37,"code":53744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53959,53960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53961,53962,53964,53966,53968,53970,53972,53974,53976,53978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53963,896],{"class":58},[44,53965,1588],{"class":95},[44,53967,83],{"class":58},[44,53969,1717],{"class":95},[44,53971,83],{"class":58},[44,53973,2955],{"class":95},[44,53975,83],{"class":58},[44,53977,2961],{"class":95},[44,53979,1153],{"class":58},[981,53981,53983],{"id":53982},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53985,19363],{},[35,53987,53989],{"className":37,"code":53988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53990,53991,54015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53992,53993,53995,53997,53999,54001,54003,54005,54007,54009,54011,54013],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53994,32108],{"class":50},[44,53996,55],{"class":54},[44,53998,1556],{"class":58},[44,54000,1588],{"class":95},[44,54002,83],{"class":58},[44,54004,1717],{"class":95},[44,54006,14009],{"class":58},[44,54008,14012],{"class":116},[44,54010,120],{"class":58},[44,54012,2567],{"class":95},[44,54014,129],{"class":58},[44,54016,54017,54019,54021,54023],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54018,136],{"class":135},[44,54020,120],{"class":58},[44,54022,32127],{"class":116},[44,54024,129],{"class":58},[20,54026,2576],{},[35,54028,54029],{"className":37,"code":12280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54030,54031],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54032,54033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54034,12280],{"class":1266},[20,54036,54037,54038,54040],{},"Remember: ",[15,54039,52891],{}," updates the list you already have.",[981,54042,54044],{"id":54043},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[35,54046,54047],{"className":37,"code":53492,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54048,54049,54065,54083,54087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54050,54051,54053,54055,54057,54059,54061,54063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54052,1551],{"class":50},[44,54054,55],{"class":54},[44,54056,1556],{"class":58},[44,54058,1588],{"class":95},[44,54060,83],{"class":58},[44,54062,1717],{"class":95},[44,54064,1153],{"class":58},[44,54066,54067,54069,54071,54073,54075,54077,54079,54081],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54068,1579],{"class":50},[44,54070,113],{"class":58},[44,54072,14012],{"class":116},[44,54074,3492],{"class":58},[44,54076,2567],{"class":95},[44,54078,83],{"class":58},[44,54080,2961],{"class":95},[44,54082,4391],{"class":58},[44,54084,54085],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,54086,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,54088,54089,54091,54093,54095],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,54090,136],{"class":135},[44,54092,120],{"class":58},[44,54094,1579],{"class":116},[44,54096,129],{"class":58},[20,54098,2576],{},[35,54100,54101],{"className":37,"code":53547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54102,54103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54104,54105,54107,54109,54111,54113,54115,54117,54119,54121,54123],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54106,896],{"class":58},[44,54108,1588],{"class":95},[44,54110,83],{"class":58},[44,54112,1717],{"class":95},[44,54114,83],{"class":58},[44,54116,1556],{"class":58},[44,54118,2567],{"class":95},[44,54120,83],{"class":58},[44,54122,2961],{"class":95},[44,54124,53481],{"class":58},[20,54126,3676,54127,54130,54131,765],{},[15,54128,54129],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54132,53685],{},[981,54134,54136],{"id":54135},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54138,54139,54141],{},[15,54140,52891],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54143,54144,54145,113],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[625,54146,54148],{"href":54147},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54149,54150],{},"list.insert()",[20,54152,269],{},[35,54154,54156],{"className":37,"code":54155,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54157,54158,54182,54205,54209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54159,54160,54162,54164,54166,54168,54170,54172,54174,54176,54178,54180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54161,36320],{"class":50},[44,54163,55],{"class":54},[44,54165,1556],{"class":58},[44,54167,63],{"class":62},[44,54169,625],{"class":66},[44,54171,63],{"class":62},[44,54173,83],{"class":58},[44,54175,75],{"class":62},[44,54177,696],{"class":66},[44,54179,63],{"class":62},[44,54181,1153],{"class":58},[44,54183,54184,54186,54188,54191,54193,54195,54197,54199,54201,54203],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54185,36373],{"class":50},[44,54187,113],{"class":58},[44,54189,54190],{"class":116},"insert",[44,54192,120],{"class":58},[44,54194,1588],{"class":95},[44,54196,83],{"class":58},[44,54198,75],{"class":62},[44,54200,639],{"class":66},[44,54202,63],{"class":62},[44,54204,129],{"class":58},[44,54206,54207],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,54208,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,54210,54211,54213,54215,54217],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,54212,136],{"class":135},[44,54214,120],{"class":58},[44,54216,36373],{"class":116},[44,54218,129],{"class":58},[20,54220,2576],{},[35,54222,54223],{"className":37,"code":43110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54224,54225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54226,54227,54229,54231,54233,54235,54237,54239,54241,54243,54245,54247,54249,54251],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54228,896],{"class":58},[44,54230,2197],{"class":62},[44,54232,625],{"class":66},[44,54234,2197],{"class":62},[44,54236,83],{"class":58},[44,54238,2232],{"class":62},[44,54240,639],{"class":66},[44,54242,2197],{"class":62},[44,54244,83],{"class":58},[44,54246,2232],{"class":62},[44,54248,696],{"class":66},[44,54250,2197],{"class":62},[44,54252,1153],{"class":58},[30,54254,54256],{"id":54255},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54258,54259,54261],{},[15,54260,52891],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54263,36656],{},[252,54265,54266,54269,54272,54275],{},[255,54267,54268],{},"building a list in a loop",[255,54270,54271],{},"collecting user input",[255,54273,54274],{},"storing results step by step",[255,54276,54277],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54279,54280],{},"Example with a loop:",[35,54282,54284],{"className":37,"code":54283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54285,54286,54295,54299,54320,54339,54343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54287,54288,54291,54293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54289,54290],{"class":50},"squares ",[44,54292,55],{"class":54},[44,54294,8334],{"class":58},[44,54296,54297],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54298,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,54300,54301,54303,54305,54307,54310,54312,54314,54316,54318],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,54302,6459],{"class":1140},[44,54304,6888],{"class":50},[44,54306,4385],{"class":1140},[44,54308,54309],{"class":135}," range",[44,54311,120],{"class":58},[44,54313,1588],{"class":95},[44,54315,83],{"class":58},[44,54317,5108],{"class":95},[44,54319,8837],{"class":58},[44,54321,54322,54325,54327,54329,54331,54333,54335,54337],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,54323,54324],{"class":50},"    squares",[44,54326,113],{"class":58},[44,54328,14012],{"class":116},[44,54330,120],{"class":58},[44,54332,2723],{"class":116},[44,54334,40105],{"class":54},[44,54336,2703],{"class":116},[44,54338,129],{"class":58},[44,54340,54341],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,54342,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,54344,54345,54347,54349,54352],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,54346,136],{"class":135},[44,54348,120],{"class":58},[44,54350,54351],{"class":116},"squares",[44,54353,129],{"class":58},[20,54355,2576],{},[35,54357,54359],{"className":37,"code":54358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54360,54361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54362,54363,54365,54367,54369,54371,54373,54376,54378,54380],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54364,896],{"class":58},[44,54366,1588],{"class":95},[44,54368,83],{"class":58},[44,54370,2961],{"class":95},[44,54372,83],{"class":58},[44,54374,54375],{"class":95}," 9",[44,54377,83],{"class":58},[44,54379,14447],{"class":95},[44,54381,1153],{"class":58},[30,54383,2301],{"id":2300},[981,54385,54387],{"id":54386},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54389,46601,54390,54392,54393,113],{},[15,54391,52891],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54394,4282],{},[981,54396,54398],{"id":54397},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54400,54401,54402,113],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[625,54403,54404],{"href":53583},[15,54405,53685],{},[981,54407,54409],{"id":54408},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54411,54412],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54414,269],{},[35,54416,54418],{"className":37,"code":54417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54419,54420,54436,54454,54458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54421,54422,54424,54426,54428,54430,54432,54434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54423,616],{"class":50},[44,54425,55],{"class":54},[44,54427,1556],{"class":58},[44,54429,1588],{"class":95},[44,54431,83],{"class":58},[44,54433,1717],{"class":95},[44,54435,1153],{"class":58},[44,54437,54438,54440,54442,54444,54446,54448,54450,54452],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54439,750],{"class":50},[44,54441,113],{"class":58},[44,54443,14012],{"class":116},[44,54445,3492],{"class":58},[44,54447,2567],{"class":95},[44,54449,83],{"class":58},[44,54451,2961],{"class":95},[44,54453,4391],{"class":58},[44,54455,54456],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,54457,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,54459,54460,54462,54464,54466],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,54461,136],{"class":135},[44,54463,120],{"class":58},[44,54465,750],{"class":116},[44,54467,129],{"class":58},[20,54469,2576],{},[35,54471,54472],{"className":37,"code":53547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54473,54474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54475,54476,54478,54480,54482,54484,54486,54488,54490,54492,54494],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54477,896],{"class":58},[44,54479,1588],{"class":95},[44,54481,83],{"class":58},[44,54483,1717],{"class":95},[44,54485,83],{"class":58},[44,54487,1556],{"class":58},[44,54489,2567],{"class":95},[44,54491,83],{"class":58},[44,54493,2961],{"class":95},[44,54495,53481],{"class":58},[981,54497,54499],{"id":54498},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54501,54502,54504,54505,54508],{},[15,54503,52891],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54506,54507],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[30,54510,2375],{"id":2374},[252,54512,54513,54518,54522,54527,54531],{},[255,54514,54515],{},[625,54516,54517],{"href":53287},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[255,54519,54520],{},[625,54521,53799],{"href":53583},[255,54523,54524],{},[625,54525,54526],{"href":54147},"Python list insert() method",[255,54528,54529],{},[625,54530,53010],{"href":51217},[255,54532,54533],{},[625,54534,54536],{"href":54535},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2414,54538,54539],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":54541},[54542,54543,54544,54545,54546,54547,54553,54559,54560,54566],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":52970,"depth":102,"text":52971},{"id":5931,"depth":102,"text":5932},{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952},{"id":53291,"depth":102,"text":53292},{"id":53590,"depth":102,"text":53591,"children":54548},[54549,54551],{"id":53597,"depth":132,"text":54550},"Using append()",{"id":53682,"depth":132,"text":54552},"Using extend()",{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526,"children":54554},[54555,54556,54557,54558],{"id":53804,"depth":132,"text":53805},{"id":53982,"depth":132,"text":53983},{"id":54043,"depth":132,"text":54044},{"id":54135,"depth":132,"text":54136},{"id":54255,"depth":102,"text":54256},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":54561},[54562,54563,54564,54565],{"id":54386,"depth":132,"text":54387},{"id":54397,"depth":132,"text":54398},{"id":54408,"depth":132,"text":54409},{"id":54498,"depth":132,"text":54499},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52881,"description":54567},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54574,"title":54575,"body":54576,"description":55820,"extension":2465,"meta":55821,"navigation":169,"path":55822,"seo":55823,"stem":55824,"__hash__":55825},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54577,"toc":55785},[54578,54584,54590,54596,54598,54646,54651,54656,54660,54676,54682,54684,54687,54702,54704,54715,54717,54719,54776,54778,54786,54788,54804,54810,54812,54818,54822,54906,54909,54958,54965,54973,54976,54990,55003,55009,55084,55091,55098,55172,55180,55183,55194,55203,55207,55211,55222,55224,55301,55322,55324,55334,55337,55385,55387,55408,55411,55413,55464,55470,55477,55544,55550,55556,55559,55586,55591,55597,55600,55672,55675,55686,55692,55694,55700,55703,55709,55715,55722,55730,55736,55742,55744,55782],[10,54579,54581,54582,18],{"id":54580},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54583,11799],{},[20,54585,54586,54589],{},[15,54587,54588],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54591,54592,54593,54595],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[590,54594,11811],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[30,54597,33],{"id":32},[35,54599,54601],{"className":37,"code":54600,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54602,54603,54623,54633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54604,54605,54607,54609,54611,54613,54615,54617,54619,54621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54606,8276],{"class":50},[44,54608,55],{"class":54},[44,54610,1556],{"class":58},[44,54612,1588],{"class":95},[44,54614,83],{"class":58},[44,54616,1717],{"class":95},[44,54618,83],{"class":58},[44,54620,2955],{"class":95},[44,54622,1153],{"class":58},[44,54624,54625,54627,54629,54631],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54626,8305],{"class":50},[44,54628,113],{"class":58},[44,54630,11860],{"class":116},[44,54632,9138],{"class":58},[44,54634,54635,54637,54639,54641,54643],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,54636,136],{"class":135},[44,54638,120],{"class":58},[44,54640,8305],{"class":116},[44,54642,144],{"class":58},[44,54644,54645],{"class":147},"  # []\n",[20,54647,227,54648,54650],{},[15,54649,11799],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[30,54652,243,54654,246],{"id":54653},"what-listclear-does",[15,54655,54588],{},[20,54657,54658,72],{},[15,54659,54588],{},[252,54661,54662,54665,54668,54673],{},[255,54663,54664],{},"Removes every item from a list",[255,54666,54667],{},"Changes the original list in place",[255,54669,54670,54671],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54672,4291],{},[255,54674,54675],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54677,54678,54679,54681],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54680,11799],{},", but it contains no values.",[30,54683,392],{"id":391},[20,54685,54686],{},"Syntax:",[35,54688,54690],{"className":37,"code":54689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54691,54692],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54693,54694,54696,54698,54700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54695,8834],{"class":50},[44,54697,113],{"class":58},[44,54699,11860],{"class":116},[44,54701,9138],{"class":58},[20,54703,11935],{},[252,54705,54706,54709,54712],{},[255,54707,54708],{},"Call it on a list object",[255,54710,54711],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[255,54713,54714],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[30,54716,11952],{"id":11951},[20,54718,11955],{},[35,54720,54722],{"className":37,"code":54721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54723,54724,54748,54752,54762,54766],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54725,54726,54728,54730,54732,54734,54736,54738,54740,54742,54744,54746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54727,1551],{"class":50},[44,54729,55],{"class":54},[44,54731,1556],{"class":58},[44,54733,1559],{"class":95},[44,54735,83],{"class":58},[44,54737,646],{"class":95},[44,54739,83],{"class":58},[44,54741,1568],{"class":95},[44,54743,83],{"class":58},[44,54745,51081],{"class":95},[44,54747,1153],{"class":58},[44,54749,54750],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54751,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,54753,54754,54756,54758,54760],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,54755,1579],{"class":50},[44,54757,113],{"class":58},[44,54759,11860],{"class":116},[44,54761,9138],{"class":58},[44,54763,54764],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,54765,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,54767,54768,54770,54772,54774],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,54769,136],{"class":135},[44,54771,120],{"class":58},[44,54773,1579],{"class":116},[44,54775,129],{"class":58},[20,54777,2576],{},[35,54779,54780],{"className":37,"code":38529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54781,54782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54783,54784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54785,38529],{"class":58},[20,54787,12158],{},[252,54789,54790,54795,54801],{},[255,54791,54792,54794],{},[15,54793,1579],{}," starts with four items",[255,54796,54797,54800],{},[15,54798,54799],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[255,54802,54803],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54805,54806,54807,113],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[625,54808,53010],{"href":54809},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[30,54811,583],{"id":582},[20,54813,54814,2901,54816,113],{},[15,54815,11799],{},[15,54817,4282],{},[20,54819,41139,54820,52906],{},[590,54821,592],{},[35,54823,54825],{"className":37,"code":54824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54826,54827,54859,54863,54877,54881,54894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54828,54829,54831,54833,54835,54837,54839,54841,54843,54845,54847,54849,54851,54853,54855,54857],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54830,8276],{"class":50},[44,54832,55],{"class":54},[44,54834,1556],{"class":58},[44,54836,63],{"class":62},[44,54838,625],{"class":66},[44,54840,63],{"class":62},[44,54842,83],{"class":58},[44,54844,75],{"class":62},[44,54846,639],{"class":66},[44,54848,63],{"class":62},[44,54850,83],{"class":58},[44,54852,75],{"class":62},[44,54854,696],{"class":66},[44,54856,63],{"class":62},[44,54858,1153],{"class":58},[44,54860,54861],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54862,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,54864,54865,54867,54869,54871,54873,54875],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,54866,1953],{"class":50},[44,54868,55],{"class":54},[44,54870,6467],{"class":50},[44,54872,113],{"class":58},[44,54874,11860],{"class":116},[44,54876,9138],{"class":58},[44,54878,54879],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,54880,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,54882,54883,54885,54887,54889,54891],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,54884,136],{"class":135},[44,54886,120],{"class":58},[44,54888,8305],{"class":116},[44,54890,144],{"class":58},[44,54892,54893],{"class":147},"   # []\n",[44,54895,54896,54898,54900,54902,54904],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,54897,136],{"class":135},[44,54899,120],{"class":58},[44,54901,1984],{"class":116},[44,54903,144],{"class":58},[44,54905,21319],{"class":147},[20,54907,54908],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[35,54910,54912],{"className":37,"code":54911,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54913,54914,54934,54948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54915,54916,54918,54920,54922,54924,54926,54928,54930,54932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54917,8276],{"class":50},[44,54919,55],{"class":54},[44,54921,1556],{"class":58},[44,54923,1588],{"class":95},[44,54925,83],{"class":58},[44,54927,1717],{"class":95},[44,54929,83],{"class":58},[44,54931,2955],{"class":95},[44,54933,1153],{"class":58},[44,54935,54936,54938,54940,54942,54944,54946],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54937,8276],{"class":50},[44,54939,55],{"class":54},[44,54941,6467],{"class":50},[44,54943,113],{"class":58},[44,54945,11860],{"class":116},[44,54947,9138],{"class":58},[44,54949,54950,54952,54954,54956],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,54951,136],{"class":135},[44,54953,120],{"class":58},[44,54955,8305],{"class":116},[44,54957,129],{"class":58},[20,54959,12388,54960,42389,54962,54964],{},[15,54961,8305],{},[15,54963,4282],{},", not an empty list.",[30,54966,54968,54970,54971],{"id":54967},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54969,11799],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54972,4291],{},[20,54974,54975],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[35,54977,54978],{"className":37,"code":54689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54979,54980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54981,54982,54984,54986,54988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54983,8834],{"class":50},[44,54985,113],{"class":58},[44,54987,11860],{"class":116},[44,54989,9138],{"class":58},[35,54991,54993],{"className":37,"code":54992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n",[15,54994,54995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54996,54997,54999,55001],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54998,8803],{"class":50},[44,55000,55],{"class":54},[44,55002,8334],{"class":58},[981,55004,55006,55008],{"id":55005},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,55007,11799],{}," empties the same list object",[35,55010,55012],{"className":37,"code":55011,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,55013,55014,55034,55042,55046,55056,55060,55072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55015,55016,55018,55020,55022,55024,55026,55028,55030,55032],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55017,3058],{"class":50},[44,55019,55],{"class":54},[44,55021,1556],{"class":58},[44,55023,1588],{"class":95},[44,55025,83],{"class":58},[44,55027,1717],{"class":95},[44,55029,83],{"class":58},[44,55031,2955],{"class":95},[44,55033,1153],{"class":58},[44,55035,55036,55038,55040],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55037,3086],{"class":50},[44,55039,55],{"class":54},[44,55041,36405],{"class":50},[44,55043,55044],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,55045,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,55047,55048,55050,55052,55054],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,55049,625],{"class":50},[44,55051,113],{"class":58},[44,55053,11860],{"class":116},[44,55055,9138],{"class":58},[44,55057,55058],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,55059,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,55061,55062,55064,55066,55068,55070],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,55063,136],{"class":135},[44,55065,120],{"class":58},[44,55067,625],{"class":116},[44,55069,144],{"class":58},[44,55071,54645],{"class":147},[44,55073,55074,55076,55078,55080,55082],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,55075,136],{"class":135},[44,55077,120],{"class":58},[44,55079,639],{"class":116},[44,55081,144],{"class":58},[44,55083,54645],{"class":147},[20,55085,973,55086,976,55088,55090],{},[15,55087,625],{},[15,55089,639],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[981,55092,55094,55097],{"id":55093},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,55095,55096],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[35,55099,55101],{"className":37,"code":55100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55102,55103,55123,55131,55135,55143,55147,55159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55104,55105,55107,55109,55111,55113,55115,55117,55119,55121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55106,3058],{"class":50},[44,55108,55],{"class":54},[44,55110,1556],{"class":58},[44,55112,1588],{"class":95},[44,55114,83],{"class":58},[44,55116,1717],{"class":95},[44,55118,83],{"class":58},[44,55120,2955],{"class":95},[44,55122,1153],{"class":58},[44,55124,55125,55127,55129],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55126,3086],{"class":50},[44,55128,55],{"class":54},[44,55130,36405],{"class":50},[44,55132,55133],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,55134,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,55136,55137,55139,55141],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,55138,3058],{"class":50},[44,55140,55],{"class":54},[44,55142,8334],{"class":58},[44,55144,55145],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,55146,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,55148,55149,55151,55153,55155,55157],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,55150,136],{"class":135},[44,55152,120],{"class":58},[44,55154,625],{"class":116},[44,55156,144],{"class":58},[44,55158,54645],{"class":147},[44,55160,55161,55163,55165,55167,55169],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,55162,136],{"class":135},[44,55164,120],{"class":58},[44,55166,639],{"class":116},[44,55168,144],{"class":58},[44,55170,55171],{"class":147},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55173,381,55174,55176,55177,55179],{},[15,55175,625],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55178,639],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55181,55182],{},"This difference matters when:",[252,55184,55185,55188,55191],{},[255,55186,55187],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[255,55189,55190],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[255,55192,55193],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55195,55196,55197,113],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[625,55198,55200,55201,11221],{"href":55199},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55202,13241],{},[30,55204,769,55205],{"id":12910},[15,55206,11799],{},[20,55208,227,55209,6819],{},[15,55210,11799],{},[252,55212,55213,55216,55219],{},[255,55214,55215],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[255,55217,55218],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[255,55220,55221],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55223,269],{},[35,55225,55227],{"className":37,"code":55226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55228,55229,55265,55269,55274,55285,55289],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55230,55231,55234,55236,55238,55240,55243,55245,55247,55249,55252,55254,55256,55258,55261,55263],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55232,55233],{"class":50},"shopping_cart ",[44,55235,55],{"class":54},[44,55237,1556],{"class":58},[44,55239,63],{"class":62},[44,55241,55242],{"class":66},"milk",[44,55244,63],{"class":62},[44,55246,83],{"class":58},[44,55248,75],{"class":62},[44,55250,55251],{"class":66},"bread",[44,55253,63],{"class":62},[44,55255,83],{"class":58},[44,55257,75],{"class":62},[44,55259,55260],{"class":66},"eggs",[44,55262,63],{"class":62},[44,55264,1153],{"class":58},[44,55266,55267],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55268,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,55270,55271],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,55272,55273],{"class":147},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[44,55275,55276,55279,55281,55283],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,55277,55278],{"class":50},"shopping_cart",[44,55280,113],{"class":58},[44,55282,11860],{"class":116},[44,55284,9138],{"class":58},[44,55286,55287],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,55288,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,55290,55291,55293,55295,55297,55299],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,55292,136],{"class":135},[44,55294,120],{"class":58},[44,55296,55278],{"class":116},[44,55298,144],{"class":58},[44,55300,54645],{"class":147},[20,55302,55303,55304,55308,55309,55315,55316,113],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[625,55305,55307],{"href":55306},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[625,55310,55312,11221],{"href":55311},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55313,55314],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[625,55317,55319,11221],{"href":55318},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55320,55321],{},"list.pop()",[30,55323,1526],{"id":1525},[981,55325,55327,55328,2037,55331],{"id":55326},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55329,55330],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55332,55333],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55335,55336],{},"This does not call the method.",[35,55338,55340],{"className":37,"code":55339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55341,55342,55362,55366,55375],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55343,55344,55346,55348,55350,55352,55354,55356,55358,55360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55345,8276],{"class":50},[44,55347,55],{"class":54},[44,55349,1556],{"class":58},[44,55351,1588],{"class":95},[44,55353,83],{"class":58},[44,55355,1717],{"class":95},[44,55357,83],{"class":58},[44,55359,2955],{"class":95},[44,55361,1153],{"class":58},[44,55363,55364],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55365,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,55367,55368,55370,55372],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,55369,8305],{"class":50},[44,55371,113],{"class":58},[44,55373,55374],{"class":25189},"clear\n",[44,55376,55377,55379,55381,55383],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,55378,136],{"class":135},[44,55380,120],{"class":58},[44,55382,8305],{"class":116},[44,55384,129],{"class":58},[20,55386,2576],{},[35,55388,55390],{"className":37,"code":55389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55391,55392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55393,55394,55396,55398,55400,55402,55404,55406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55395,896],{"class":58},[44,55397,1588],{"class":95},[44,55399,83],{"class":58},[44,55401,1717],{"class":95},[44,55403,83],{"class":58},[44,55405,2955],{"class":95},[44,55407,1153],{"class":58},[20,55409,55410],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55412,11288],{},[35,55414,55416],{"className":37,"code":55415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55417,55418,55438,55442,55452],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55419,55420,55422,55424,55426,55428,55430,55432,55434,55436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55421,8276],{"class":50},[44,55423,55],{"class":54},[44,55425,1556],{"class":58},[44,55427,1588],{"class":95},[44,55429,83],{"class":58},[44,55431,1717],{"class":95},[44,55433,83],{"class":58},[44,55435,2955],{"class":95},[44,55437,1153],{"class":58},[44,55439,55440],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55441,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,55443,55444,55446,55448,55450],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,55445,8305],{"class":50},[44,55447,113],{"class":58},[44,55449,11860],{"class":116},[44,55451,9138],{"class":58},[44,55453,55454,55456,55458,55460,55462],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,55455,136],{"class":135},[44,55457,120],{"class":58},[44,55459,8305],{"class":116},[44,55461,144],{"class":58},[44,55463,54645],{"class":147},[981,55465,1904,55467,55469],{"id":55466},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55468,11799],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55471,55472,2901,55474,55476],{},[15,55473,11799],{},[15,55475,4282],{},", not the list.",[35,55478,55480],{"className":37,"code":55479,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55481,55482,55502,55516,55520,55532],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55483,55484,55486,55488,55490,55492,55494,55496,55498,55500],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55485,8276],{"class":50},[44,55487,55],{"class":54},[44,55489,1556],{"class":58},[44,55491,1588],{"class":95},[44,55493,83],{"class":58},[44,55495,1717],{"class":95},[44,55497,83],{"class":58},[44,55499,2955],{"class":95},[44,55501,1153],{"class":58},[44,55503,55504,55506,55508,55510,55512,55514],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55505,1953],{"class":50},[44,55507,55],{"class":54},[44,55509,6467],{"class":50},[44,55511,113],{"class":58},[44,55513,11860],{"class":116},[44,55515,9138],{"class":58},[44,55517,55518],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,55519,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,55521,55522,55524,55526,55528,55530],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,55523,136],{"class":135},[44,55525,120],{"class":58},[44,55527,1984],{"class":116},[44,55529,144],{"class":58},[44,55531,21319],{"class":147},[44,55533,55534,55536,55538,55540,55542],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,55535,136],{"class":135},[44,55537,120],{"class":58},[44,55539,8305],{"class":116},[44,55541,144],{"class":58},[44,55543,54893],{"class":147},[981,55545,1785,55547,55549],{"id":55546},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55548,11799],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55551,55552,55553,55555],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55554,11799],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55557,55558],{},"This will fail:",[35,55560,55562],{"className":37,"code":55561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55563,55564,55576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55565,55566,55568,55570,55572,55574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55567,34915],{"class":50},[44,55569,55],{"class":54},[44,55571,75],{"class":62},[44,55573,4349],{"class":66},[44,55575,3865],{"class":62},[44,55577,55578,55580,55582,55584],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55579,34936],{"class":50},[44,55581,113],{"class":58},[44,55583,11860],{"class":116},[44,55585,9138],{"class":58},[20,55587,55588,55589,33827],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55590,11799],{},[20,55592,55593,55594,55596],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55595,4282],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55598,55599],{},"Useful checks:",[35,55601,55603],{"className":37,"code":55602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55604,55605,55615,55629,55643,55652,55662],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55606,55607,55609,55611,55613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55608,136],{"class":135},[44,55610,120],{"class":58},[44,55612,8834],{"class":116},[44,55614,129],{"class":58},[44,55616,55617,55619,55621,55623,55625,55627],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55618,136],{"class":135},[44,55620,120],{"class":58},[44,55622,2249],{"class":2248},[44,55624,120],{"class":58},[44,55626,8834],{"class":116},[44,55628,2239],{"class":58},[44,55630,55631,55633,55635,55637,55639,55641],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,55632,136],{"class":135},[44,55634,120],{"class":58},[44,55636,13118],{"class":135},[44,55638,120],{"class":58},[44,55640,8834],{"class":116},[44,55642,2239],{"class":58},[44,55644,55645,55647,55649],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,55646,43784],{"class":50},[44,55648,55],{"class":54},[44,55650,55651],{"class":50}," my_list\n",[44,55653,55654,55656,55658,55660],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,55655,8834],{"class":50},[44,55657,113],{"class":58},[44,55659,11860],{"class":116},[44,55661,9138],{"class":58},[44,55663,55664,55666,55668,55670],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,55665,136],{"class":135},[44,55667,120],{"class":58},[44,55669,30968],{"class":116},[44,55671,129],{"class":58},[20,55673,55674],{},"These can help you see:",[252,55676,55677,55680,55683],{},[255,55678,55679],{},"What the variable currently contains",[255,55681,55682],{},"Whether it is really a list",[255,55684,55685],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55687,55688,55689,113],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[625,55690,55691],{"href":54535},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[30,55693,2301],{"id":2300},[981,55695,2329,55697,55699],{"id":55696},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55698,54588],{}," delete the list?",[20,55701,55702],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[981,55704,2329,55706,55708],{"id":55705},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55707,54588],{}," return a new list?",[20,55710,55711,55712,55714],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55713,4282],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[981,55716,2358,55718,976,55720,2363],{"id":55717},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55719,11799],{},[15,55721,55096],{},[20,55723,55724,55726,55727,55729],{},[15,55725,11799],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55728,55096],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[981,55731,2339,55733,55735],{"id":55732},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55734,11799],{}," on other types?",[20,55737,55738,55739,55741],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55740,11799],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[30,55743,2375],{"id":2374},[252,55745,55746,55750,55755,55762,55769,55775],{},[255,55747,55748],{},[625,55749,53010],{"href":54809},[255,55751,55752],{},[625,55753,55754],{"href":55306},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[255,55756,55757],{},[625,55758,55759,55760,11221],{"href":55318},"Python list ",[15,55761,17],{},[255,55763,55764],{},[625,55765,55759,55766,11221],{"href":55311},[15,55767,55768],{},"remove()",[255,55770,55771],{},[625,55772,55759,55773,11221],{"href":55199},[15,55774,13241],{},[255,55776,55777],{},[625,55778,30572,55779,33860],{"href":54535},[15,55780,55781],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2414,55783,55784],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952},{"id":582,"depth":102,"text":583},{"id":54967,"depth":102,"text":55794,"children":55795},"clear() vs assigning []",[55796,55798],{"id":55005,"depth":132,"text":55797},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55093,"depth":132,"text":55799},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12910,"depth":102,"text":13272},{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526,"children":55802},[55803,55805,55807],{"id":55326,"depth":132,"text":55804},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55466,"depth":132,"text":55806},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55546,"depth":132,"text":55808},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":55810},[55811,55813,55815,55817],{"id":55696,"depth":132,"text":55812},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55705,"depth":132,"text":55814},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55717,"depth":132,"text":55816},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55732,"depth":132,"text":55818},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54575,"description":55820},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55827,"title":55828,"body":55829,"description":57514,"extension":2465,"meta":57515,"navigation":169,"path":57516,"seo":57517,"stem":57518,"__hash__":57519},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55830,"toc":57482},[55831,55836,55842,55850,55852,55941,55948,55953,55957,55971,55973,56050,56052,56113,56116,56118,56120,56141,56144,56158,56161,56206,56208,56216,56219,56225,56231,56234,56311,56313,56358,56361,56366,56449,56451,56492,56497,56501,56507,56509,56517,56520,56613,56615,56673,56676,56692,56697,56707,56712,56714,56719,56724,56727,56729,56786,56789,56842,56848,56853,56857,56874,56876,56960,56962,57003,57011,57013,57018,57024,57026,57089,57094,57164,57168,57203,57206,57208,57247,57251,57327,57333,57339,57344,57366,57369,57388,57396,57398,57404,57407,57414,57422,57427,57430,57434,57440,57448,57451,57453,57479],[10,55832,54581,55834,18],{"id":55833},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55835,13241],{},[20,55837,55838,55841],{},[15,55839,55840],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55843,55844,55845,588,55847,55849],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55846,55],{},[590,55848,592],{}," make a real copy.",[30,55851,2507],{"id":2506},[35,55853,55855],{"className":37,"code":55854,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55856,55857,55877,55892,55896,55911,55915,55928],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55858,55859,55861,55863,55865,55867,55869,55871,55873,55875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55860,1551],{"class":50},[44,55862,55],{"class":54},[44,55864,1556],{"class":58},[44,55866,1588],{"class":95},[44,55868,83],{"class":58},[44,55870,1717],{"class":95},[44,55872,83],{"class":58},[44,55874,2955],{"class":95},[44,55876,1153],{"class":58},[44,55878,55879,55882,55884,55886,55888,55890],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55880,55881],{"class":50},"new_numbers ",[44,55883,55],{"class":54},[44,55885,4767],{"class":50},[44,55887,113],{"class":58},[44,55889,13374],{"class":116},[44,55891,9138],{"class":58},[44,55893,55894],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,55895,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,55897,55898,55901,55903,55905,55907,55909],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,55899,55900],{"class":50},"new_numbers",[44,55902,113],{"class":58},[44,55904,14012],{"class":116},[44,55906,120],{"class":58},[44,55908,3008],{"class":95},[44,55910,129],{"class":58},[44,55912,55913],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,55914,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,55916,55917,55919,55921,55923,55925],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,55918,136],{"class":135},[44,55920,120],{"class":58},[44,55922,1579],{"class":116},[44,55924,144],{"class":58},[44,55926,55927],{"class":147},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[44,55929,55930,55932,55934,55936,55938],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,55931,136],{"class":135},[44,55933,120],{"class":58},[44,55935,55900],{"class":116},[44,55937,144],{"class":58},[44,55939,55940],{"class":147},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55942,227,55943,55945,55946,113],{},[15,55944,55840],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[590,55947,13314],{},[30,55949,243,55951,246],{"id":55950},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55952,55840],{},[20,55954,55955,72],{},[15,55956,55840],{},[252,55958,55959,55962,55965,55968],{},[255,55960,55961],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[255,55963,55964],{},"Returns that new list",[255,55966,55967],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[255,55969,55970],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55972,269],{},[35,55974,55976],{"className":37,"code":55975,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55977,55978,56010,56025,56029,56039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55979,55980,55982,55984,55986,55988,55990,55992,55994,55996,55998,56000,56002,56004,56006,56008],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55981,36469],{"class":50},[44,55983,55],{"class":54},[44,55985,1556],{"class":58},[44,55987,63],{"class":62},[44,55989,4582],{"class":66},[44,55991,63],{"class":62},[44,55993,83],{"class":58},[44,55995,75],{"class":62},[44,55997,4591],{"class":66},[44,55999,63],{"class":62},[44,56001,83],{"class":58},[44,56003,75],{"class":62},[44,56005,33447],{"class":66},[44,56007,63],{"class":62},[44,56009,1153],{"class":58},[44,56011,56012,56015,56017,56019,56021,56023],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56013,56014],{"class":50},"copied_fruits ",[44,56016,55],{"class":54},[44,56018,53090],{"class":50},[44,56020,113],{"class":58},[44,56022,13374],{"class":116},[44,56024,9138],{"class":58},[44,56026,56027],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,56028,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,56030,56031,56033,56035,56037],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,56032,136],{"class":135},[44,56034,120],{"class":58},[44,56036,36521],{"class":116},[44,56038,129],{"class":58},[44,56040,56041,56043,56045,56048],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,56042,136],{"class":135},[44,56044,120],{"class":58},[44,56046,56047],{"class":116},"copied_fruits",[44,56049,129],{"class":58},[20,56051,2576],{},[35,56053,56055],{"className":37,"code":56054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,56056,56057,56085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56058,56059,56061,56063,56065,56067,56069,56071,56073,56075,56077,56079,56081,56083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56060,896],{"class":58},[44,56062,2197],{"class":62},[44,56064,4582],{"class":66},[44,56066,2197],{"class":62},[44,56068,83],{"class":58},[44,56070,2232],{"class":62},[44,56072,4591],{"class":66},[44,56074,2197],{"class":62},[44,56076,83],{"class":58},[44,56078,2232],{"class":62},[44,56080,33447],{"class":66},[44,56082,2197],{"class":62},[44,56084,1153],{"class":58},[44,56086,56087,56089,56091,56093,56095,56097,56099,56101,56103,56105,56107,56109,56111],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56088,896],{"class":58},[44,56090,2197],{"class":62},[44,56092,4582],{"class":66},[44,56094,2197],{"class":62},[44,56096,83],{"class":58},[44,56098,2232],{"class":62},[44,56100,4591],{"class":66},[44,56102,2197],{"class":62},[44,56104,83],{"class":58},[44,56106,2232],{"class":62},[44,56108,33447],{"class":66},[44,56110,2197],{"class":62},[44,56112,1153],{"class":58},[20,56114,56115],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[30,56117,392],{"id":391},[20,56119,2666],{},[35,56121,56123],{"className":37,"code":56122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56124,56125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56126,56127,56130,56132,56135,56137,56139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56128,56129],{"class":50},"new_list ",[44,56131,55],{"class":54},[44,56133,56134],{"class":50}," old_list",[44,56136,113],{"class":58},[44,56138,13374],{"class":116},[44,56140,9138],{"class":58},[20,56142,56143],{},"How it works:",[252,56145,56146,56152,56155],{},[255,56147,56148,56149,56151],{},"Call ",[15,56150,13241],{}," on an existing list",[255,56153,56154],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[255,56156,56157],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56159,56160],{},"Example with an empty list:",[35,56162,56164],{"className":37,"code":56163,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56165,56166,56175,56191,56195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56167,56168,56171,56173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56169,56170],{"class":50},"empty_list ",[44,56172,55],{"class":54},[44,56174,8334],{"class":58},[44,56176,56177,56180,56182,56185,56187,56189],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56178,56179],{"class":50},"new_empty_list ",[44,56181,55],{"class":54},[44,56183,56184],{"class":50}," empty_list",[44,56186,113],{"class":58},[44,56188,13374],{"class":116},[44,56190,9138],{"class":58},[44,56192,56193],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,56194,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,56196,56197,56199,56201,56204],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,56198,136],{"class":135},[44,56200,120],{"class":58},[44,56202,56203],{"class":116},"new_empty_list",[44,56205,129],{"class":58},[20,56207,2576],{},[35,56209,56210],{"className":37,"code":38529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,56211,56212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56213,56214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56215,38529],{"class":58},[20,56217,56218],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[30,56220,56222,56223],{"id":56221},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56224,55],{},[20,56226,1785,56227,588,56229,52906],{},[15,56228,55],{},[590,56230,592],{},[20,56232,56233],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[35,56235,56237],{"className":37,"code":56236,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56238,56239,56259,56268,56272,56287,56291,56301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56240,56241,56243,56245,56247,56249,56251,56253,56255,56257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56242,1551],{"class":50},[44,56244,55],{"class":54},[44,56246,1556],{"class":58},[44,56248,1588],{"class":95},[44,56250,83],{"class":58},[44,56252,1717],{"class":95},[44,56254,83],{"class":58},[44,56256,2955],{"class":95},[44,56258,1153],{"class":58},[44,56260,56261,56264,56266],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56262,56263],{"class":50},"same_list ",[44,56265,55],{"class":54},[44,56267,44217],{"class":50},[44,56269,56270],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,56271,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,56273,56274,56277,56279,56281,56283,56285],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,56275,56276],{"class":50},"same_list",[44,56278,113],{"class":58},[44,56280,14012],{"class":116},[44,56282,120],{"class":58},[44,56284,3008],{"class":95},[44,56286,129],{"class":58},[44,56288,56289],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,56290,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,56292,56293,56295,56297,56299],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,56294,136],{"class":135},[44,56296,120],{"class":58},[44,56298,1579],{"class":116},[44,56300,129],{"class":58},[44,56302,56303,56305,56307,56309],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,56304,136],{"class":135},[44,56306,120],{"class":58},[44,56308,56276],{"class":116},[44,56310,129],{"class":58},[20,56312,2576],{},[35,56314,56316],{"className":37,"code":56315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56317,56318,56338],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56319,56320,56322,56324,56326,56328,56330,56332,56334,56336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56321,896],{"class":58},[44,56323,1588],{"class":95},[44,56325,83],{"class":58},[44,56327,1717],{"class":95},[44,56329,83],{"class":58},[44,56331,2955],{"class":95},[44,56333,83],{"class":58},[44,56335,2961],{"class":95},[44,56337,1153],{"class":58},[44,56339,56340,56342,56344,56346,56348,56350,56352,56354,56356],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56341,896],{"class":58},[44,56343,1588],{"class":95},[44,56345,83],{"class":58},[44,56347,1717],{"class":95},[44,56349,83],{"class":58},[44,56351,2955],{"class":95},[44,56353,83],{"class":58},[44,56355,2961],{"class":95},[44,56357,1153],{"class":58},[20,56359,56360],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56362,56363,56364,72],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56365,13241],{},[35,56367,56369],{"className":37,"code":56368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56370,56371,56391,56406,56410,56425,56429,56439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56372,56373,56375,56377,56379,56381,56383,56385,56387,56389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56374,1551],{"class":50},[44,56376,55],{"class":54},[44,56378,1556],{"class":58},[44,56380,1588],{"class":95},[44,56382,83],{"class":58},[44,56384,1717],{"class":95},[44,56386,83],{"class":58},[44,56388,2955],{"class":95},[44,56390,1153],{"class":58},[44,56392,56393,56396,56398,56400,56402,56404],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56394,56395],{"class":50},"copied_numbers ",[44,56397,55],{"class":54},[44,56399,4767],{"class":50},[44,56401,113],{"class":58},[44,56403,13374],{"class":116},[44,56405,9138],{"class":58},[44,56407,56408],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,56409,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,56411,56412,56415,56417,56419,56421,56423],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,56413,56414],{"class":50},"copied_numbers",[44,56416,113],{"class":58},[44,56418,14012],{"class":116},[44,56420,120],{"class":58},[44,56422,3008],{"class":95},[44,56424,129],{"class":58},[44,56426,56427],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,56428,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,56430,56431,56433,56435,56437],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,56432,136],{"class":135},[44,56434,120],{"class":58},[44,56436,1579],{"class":116},[44,56438,129],{"class":58},[44,56440,56441,56443,56445,56447],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,56442,136],{"class":135},[44,56444,120],{"class":58},[44,56446,56414],{"class":116},[44,56448,129],{"class":58},[20,56450,2576],{},[35,56452,56454],{"className":37,"code":56453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56455,56456,56472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56457,56458,56460,56462,56464,56466,56468,56470],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56459,896],{"class":58},[44,56461,1588],{"class":95},[44,56463,83],{"class":58},[44,56465,1717],{"class":95},[44,56467,83],{"class":58},[44,56469,2955],{"class":95},[44,56471,1153],{"class":58},[44,56473,56474,56476,56478,56480,56482,56484,56486,56488,56490],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56475,896],{"class":58},[44,56477,1588],{"class":95},[44,56479,83],{"class":58},[44,56481,1717],{"class":95},[44,56483,83],{"class":58},[44,56485,2955],{"class":95},[44,56487,83],{"class":58},[44,56489,2961],{"class":95},[44,56491,1153],{"class":58},[20,56493,56494,56495,113],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[625,56496,53010],{"href":51217},[30,56498,56500],{"id":56499},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56502,56503,13311,56505,113],{},[15,56504,55840],{},[590,56506,13314],{},[20,56508,2613],{},[252,56510,56511,56514],{},[255,56512,56513],{},"The outer list is new",[255,56515,56516],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56518,56519],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[35,56521,56523],{"className":37,"code":56522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56524,56525,56552,56566,56570,56589,56593,56603],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56526,56527,56529,56531,56534,56536,56538,56540,56542,56544,56546,56548,56550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56528,12558],{"class":50},[44,56530,55],{"class":54},[44,56532,56533],{"class":58}," [[",[44,56535,1588],{"class":95},[44,56537,83],{"class":58},[44,56539,1717],{"class":95},[44,56541,18514],{"class":58},[44,56543,1556],{"class":58},[44,56545,2567],{"class":95},[44,56547,83],{"class":58},[44,56549,2961],{"class":95},[44,56551,53481],{"class":58},[44,56553,56554,56556,56558,56560,56562,56564],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56555,14770],{"class":50},[44,56557,55],{"class":54},[44,56559,12633],{"class":50},[44,56561,113],{"class":58},[44,56563,13374],{"class":116},[44,56565,9138],{"class":58},[44,56567,56568],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,56569,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,56571,56572,56574,56576,56578,56580,56582,56584,56587],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,56573,14789],{"class":50},[44,56575,896],{"class":58},[44,56577,2626],{"class":95},[44,56579,14009],{"class":58},[44,56581,14012],{"class":116},[44,56583,120],{"class":58},[44,56585,56586],{"class":95},"99",[44,56588,129],{"class":58},[44,56590,56591],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,56592,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,56594,56595,56597,56599,56601],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,56596,136],{"class":135},[44,56598,120],{"class":58},[44,56600,12605],{"class":116},[44,56602,129],{"class":58},[44,56604,56605,56607,56609,56611],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,56606,136],{"class":135},[44,56608,120],{"class":58},[44,56610,14789],{"class":116},[44,56612,129],{"class":58},[20,56614,2576],{},[35,56616,56618],{"className":37,"code":56617,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56619,56620,56647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56621,56622,56625,56627,56629,56631,56633,56635,56637,56639,56641,56643,56645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56623,56624],{"class":58},"[[",[44,56626,1588],{"class":95},[44,56628,83],{"class":58},[44,56630,1717],{"class":95},[44,56632,83],{"class":58},[44,56634,10684],{"class":95},[44,56636,18514],{"class":58},[44,56638,1556],{"class":58},[44,56640,2567],{"class":95},[44,56642,83],{"class":58},[44,56644,2961],{"class":95},[44,56646,53481],{"class":58},[44,56648,56649,56651,56653,56655,56657,56659,56661,56663,56665,56667,56669,56671],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56650,56624],{"class":58},[44,56652,1588],{"class":95},[44,56654,83],{"class":58},[44,56656,1717],{"class":95},[44,56658,83],{"class":58},[44,56660,10684],{"class":95},[44,56662,18514],{"class":58},[44,56664,1556],{"class":58},[44,56666,2567],{"class":95},[44,56668,83],{"class":58},[44,56670,2961],{"class":95},[44,56672,53481],{"class":58},[20,56674,56675],{},"Why did both change?",[252,56677,56678,56685],{},[255,56679,56680,976,56682,56684],{},[15,56681,12605],{},[15,56683,14789],{}," are different outer lists",[255,56686,56687,56688,56691],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56689,56690],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56693,53892,56694,56696],{},[15,56695,13241],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[252,56698,56699,56702,56705],{},[255,56700,56701],{},"Numbers",[255,56703,56704],{},"Strings",[255,56706,40828],{},[20,56708,56709,56710,113],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[625,56711,14250],{"href":14249},[30,56713,583],{"id":582},[20,56715,56716,56718],{},[15,56717,55840],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56720,41139,56721,56723],{},[590,56722,592],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56725,56726],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56728,17110],{},[35,56730,56732],{"className":37,"code":56731,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56733,56734,56758,56772,56776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56735,56736,56738,56740,56742,56744,56746,56748,56750,56752,56754,56756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56737,13539],{"class":50},[44,56739,55],{"class":54},[44,56741,1556],{"class":58},[44,56743,63],{"class":62},[44,56745,13556],{"class":66},[44,56747,63],{"class":62},[44,56749,83],{"class":58},[44,56751,75],{"class":62},[44,56753,13573],{"class":66},[44,56755,63],{"class":62},[44,56757,1153],{"class":58},[44,56759,56760,56762,56764,56766,56768,56770],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56761,13582],{"class":50},[44,56763,55],{"class":54},[44,56765,13587],{"class":50},[44,56767,113],{"class":58},[44,56769,13374],{"class":116},[44,56771,9138],{"class":58},[44,56773,56774],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,56775,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,56777,56778,56780,56782,56784],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,56779,136],{"class":135},[44,56781,120],{"class":58},[44,56783,13606],{"class":116},[44,56785,129],{"class":58},[20,56787,56788],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[35,56790,56792],{"className":37,"code":56791,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56793,56794,56818,56828,56832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56795,56796,56798,56800,56802,56804,56806,56808,56810,56812,56814,56816],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56797,13539],{"class":50},[44,56799,55],{"class":54},[44,56801,1556],{"class":58},[44,56803,63],{"class":62},[44,56805,13556],{"class":66},[44,56807,63],{"class":62},[44,56809,83],{"class":58},[44,56811,75],{"class":62},[44,56813,13573],{"class":66},[44,56815,63],{"class":62},[44,56817,1153],{"class":58},[44,56819,56820,56822,56824,56826],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56821,17954],{"class":50},[44,56823,113],{"class":58},[44,56825,13374],{"class":116},[44,56827,9138],{"class":58},[44,56829,56830],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,56831,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,56833,56834,56836,56838,56840],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,56835,136],{"class":135},[44,56837,120],{"class":58},[44,56839,17954],{"class":116},[44,56841,129],{"class":58},[20,56843,56844,56845,56847],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56846,13241],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[30,56849,769,56851],{"id":56850},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56852,55840],{},[20,56854,227,56855,776],{},[15,56856,55840],{},[252,56858,56859,56862,56865,56868],{},[255,56860,56861],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[255,56863,56864],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[255,56866,56867],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[255,56869,56870,56871],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56872,56873],{},"[:]",[20,56875,269],{},[35,56877,56879],{"className":37,"code":56878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56880,56881,56901,56916,56920,56935,56939,56949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56882,56883,56885,56887,56889,56891,56893,56895,56897,56899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56884,472],{"class":50},[44,56886,55],{"class":54},[44,56888,1556],{"class":58},[44,56890,1559],{"class":95},[44,56892,83],{"class":58},[44,56894,646],{"class":95},[44,56896,83],{"class":58},[44,56898,1568],{"class":95},[44,56900,1153],{"class":58},[44,56902,56903,56906,56908,56910,56912,56914],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56904,56905],{"class":50},"backup_scores ",[44,56907,55],{"class":54},[44,56909,5611],{"class":50},[44,56911,113],{"class":58},[44,56913,13374],{"class":116},[44,56915,9138],{"class":58},[44,56917,56918],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,56919,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,56921,56922,56924,56926,56928,56930,56933],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,56923,517],{"class":50},[44,56925,113],{"class":58},[44,56927,14012],{"class":116},[44,56929,120],{"class":58},[44,56931,56932],{"class":95},"40",[44,56934,129],{"class":58},[44,56936,56937],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,56938,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,56940,56941,56943,56945,56947],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,56942,136],{"class":135},[44,56944,120],{"class":58},[44,56946,517],{"class":116},[44,56948,129],{"class":58},[44,56950,56951,56953,56955,56958],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,56952,136],{"class":135},[44,56954,120],{"class":58},[44,56956,56957],{"class":116},"backup_scores",[44,56959,129],{"class":58},[20,56961,2576],{},[35,56963,56965],{"className":37,"code":56964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56966,56967,56987],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56968,56969,56971,56973,56975,56977,56979,56981,56983,56985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56970,896],{"class":58},[44,56972,1559],{"class":95},[44,56974,83],{"class":58},[44,56976,646],{"class":95},[44,56978,83],{"class":58},[44,56980,1568],{"class":95},[44,56982,83],{"class":58},[44,56984,51081],{"class":95},[44,56986,1153],{"class":58},[44,56988,56989,56991,56993,56995,56997,56999,57001],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56990,896],{"class":58},[44,56992,1559],{"class":95},[44,56994,83],{"class":58},[44,56996,646],{"class":95},[44,56998,83],{"class":58},[44,57000,1568],{"class":95},[44,57002,1153],{"class":58},[20,57004,57005,57006,113],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[625,57007,55759,57009,11221],{"href":57008},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,57010,52891],{},[30,57012,1526],{"id":1525},[20,57014,57015,57016,113],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,57017,55840],{},[981,57019,1785,57021,57023],{"id":57020},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,57022,55],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,57025,39431],{},[35,57027,57029],{"className":37,"code":57028,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,57030,57031,57051,57059,57073,57077],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57032,57033,57035,57037,57039,57041,57043,57045,57047,57049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57034,3058],{"class":50},[44,57036,55],{"class":54},[44,57038,1556],{"class":58},[44,57040,1588],{"class":95},[44,57042,83],{"class":58},[44,57044,1717],{"class":95},[44,57046,83],{"class":58},[44,57048,2955],{"class":95},[44,57050,1153],{"class":58},[44,57052,57053,57055,57057],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57054,3086],{"class":50},[44,57056,55],{"class":54},[44,57058,36405],{"class":50},[44,57060,57061,57063,57065,57067,57069,57071],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,57062,639],{"class":50},[44,57064,113],{"class":58},[44,57066,14012],{"class":116},[44,57068,120],{"class":58},[44,57070,3008],{"class":95},[44,57072,129],{"class":58},[44,57074,57075],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,57076,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,57078,57079,57081,57083,57085,57087],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,57080,136],{"class":135},[44,57082,120],{"class":58},[44,57084,625],{"class":116},[44,57086,144],{"class":58},[44,57088,55940],{"class":147},[20,57090,57091,57092,765],{},"Fix: use ",[15,57093,13241],{},[35,57095,57097],{"className":37,"code":57096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,57098,57099,57119,57134,57148,57152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57100,57101,57103,57105,57107,57109,57111,57113,57115,57117],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57102,3058],{"class":50},[44,57104,55],{"class":54},[44,57106,1556],{"class":58},[44,57108,1588],{"class":95},[44,57110,83],{"class":58},[44,57112,1717],{"class":95},[44,57114,83],{"class":58},[44,57116,2955],{"class":95},[44,57118,1153],{"class":58},[44,57120,57121,57123,57125,57128,57130,57132],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57122,3086],{"class":50},[44,57124,55],{"class":54},[44,57126,57127],{"class":50}," a",[44,57129,113],{"class":58},[44,57131,13374],{"class":116},[44,57133,9138],{"class":58},[44,57135,57136,57138,57140,57142,57144,57146],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,57137,639],{"class":50},[44,57139,113],{"class":58},[44,57141,14012],{"class":116},[44,57143,120],{"class":58},[44,57145,3008],{"class":95},[44,57147,129],{"class":58},[44,57149,57150],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,57151,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,57153,57154,57156,57158,57160,57162],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,57155,136],{"class":135},[44,57157,120],{"class":58},[44,57159,625],{"class":116},[44,57161,144],{"class":58},[44,57163,55171],{"class":147},[981,57165,57167],{"id":57166},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[35,57169,57171],{"className":37,"code":57170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57172,57173,57193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57174,57175,57177,57179,57181,57183,57185,57187,57189,57191],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57176,1551],{"class":50},[44,57178,55],{"class":54},[44,57180,1556],{"class":58},[44,57182,1588],{"class":95},[44,57184,83],{"class":58},[44,57186,1717],{"class":95},[44,57188,83],{"class":58},[44,57190,2955],{"class":95},[44,57192,1153],{"class":58},[44,57194,57195,57197,57199,57201],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57196,1579],{"class":50},[44,57198,113],{"class":58},[44,57200,13374],{"class":116},[44,57202,9138],{"class":58},[20,57204,57205],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57207,39494],{},[35,57209,57211],{"className":37,"code":57210,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57212,57213,57233],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57214,57215,57217,57219,57221,57223,57225,57227,57229,57231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57216,1551],{"class":50},[44,57218,55],{"class":54},[44,57220,1556],{"class":58},[44,57222,1588],{"class":95},[44,57224,83],{"class":58},[44,57226,1717],{"class":95},[44,57228,83],{"class":58},[44,57230,2955],{"class":95},[44,57232,1153],{"class":58},[44,57234,57235,57237,57239,57241,57243,57245],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57236,56395],{"class":50},[44,57238,55],{"class":54},[44,57240,4767],{"class":50},[44,57242,113],{"class":58},[44,57244,13374],{"class":116},[44,57246,9138],{"class":58},[981,57248,57250],{"id":57249},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[35,57252,57254],{"className":37,"code":57253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57255,57256,57274,57288,57292,57310,57314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57257,57258,57260,57262,57264,57266,57268,57270,57272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57259,3058],{"class":50},[44,57261,55],{"class":54},[44,57263,56533],{"class":58},[44,57265,1588],{"class":95},[44,57267,18514],{"class":58},[44,57269,1556],{"class":58},[44,57271,2561],{"class":95},[44,57273,53481],{"class":58},[44,57275,57276,57278,57280,57282,57284,57286],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57277,3086],{"class":50},[44,57279,55],{"class":54},[44,57281,57127],{"class":50},[44,57283,113],{"class":58},[44,57285,13374],{"class":116},[44,57287,9138],{"class":58},[44,57289,57290],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,57291,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,57293,57294,57296,57298,57300,57302,57304,57306,57308],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,57295,639],{"class":50},[44,57297,896],{"class":58},[44,57299,2626],{"class":95},[44,57301,14009],{"class":58},[44,57303,14012],{"class":116},[44,57305,120],{"class":58},[44,57307,56586],{"class":95},[44,57309,129],{"class":58},[44,57311,57312],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,57313,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,57315,57316,57318,57320,57322,57324],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,57317,136],{"class":135},[44,57319,120],{"class":58},[44,57321,625],{"class":116},[44,57323,144],{"class":58},[44,57325,57326],{"class":147},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57328,57329,57330,57332],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57331,55840],{}," is shallow.",[981,57334,26053,57336,57338],{"id":57335},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57337,13241],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57340,57341,57343],{},[15,57342,13241],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[35,57345,57347],{"className":37,"code":57346,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57348,57349,57361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57350,57351,57353,57355,57357,57359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57352,8372],{"class":50},[44,57354,55],{"class":54},[44,57356,75],{"class":62},[44,57358,5505],{"class":66},[44,57360,3865],{"class":62},[44,57362,57363],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57364,57365],{"class":147},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57367,57368],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[35,57370,57372],{"className":37,"code":57371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57373,57374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57375,57376,57378,57380,57382,57384,57386],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57377,136],{"class":135},[44,57379,120],{"class":58},[44,57381,2249],{"class":2248},[44,57383,120],{"class":58},[44,57385,67],{"class":116},[44,57387,2239],{"class":58},[20,57389,57390,57391,57395],{},"You can also review ",[625,57392,57394],{"href":57393},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[30,57397,2301],{"id":2300},[981,57399,2329,57401,57403],{"id":57400},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57402,55840],{}," change the original list?",[20,57405,57406],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[981,57408,2358,57410,976,57412,2363],{"id":57409},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57411,55840],{},[15,57413,55],{},[20,57415,57416,57418,57419,57421],{},[15,57417,13241],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57420,55],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[981,57423,15359,57425,15362],{"id":57424},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57426,55840],{},[20,57428,57429],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[981,57431,57433],{"id":57432},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57435,42386,57436,57439],{},[15,57437,57438],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[981,57441,15359,57443,57445,57446,2363],{"id":57442},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57444,55840],{}," the same as ",[15,57447,56873],{},[20,57449,57450],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[30,57452,2375],{"id":2374},[252,57454,57455,57460,57464,57469,57475],{},[255,57456,57457],{},[625,57458,15421],{"href":57459},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[255,57461,57462],{},[625,57463,53010],{"href":51217},[255,57465,57466],{},[625,57467,57468],{"href":57393},"Creating a list in Python",[255,57470,57471],{},[625,57472,55759,57473,11221],{"href":57008},[15,57474,52891],{},[255,57476,57477],{},[625,57478,14250],{"href":14249},[2414,57480,57481],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":57483},[57484,57485,57487,57488,57490,57491,57492,57494,57502,57513],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":55950,"depth":102,"text":57486},"What list.copy() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":56221,"depth":102,"text":57489},"Why not use =",{"id":56499,"depth":102,"text":56500},{"id":582,"depth":102,"text":583},{"id":56850,"depth":102,"text":57493},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526,"children":57495},[57496,57498,57499,57500],{"id":57020,"depth":132,"text":57497},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57166,"depth":132,"text":57167},{"id":57249,"depth":132,"text":57250},{"id":57335,"depth":132,"text":57501},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":57503},[57504,57506,57508,57510,57511],{"id":57400,"depth":132,"text":57505},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57409,"depth":132,"text":57507},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57424,"depth":132,"text":57509},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57432,"depth":132,"text":57433},{"id":57442,"depth":132,"text":57512},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55828,"description":57514},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57521,"title":57522,"body":57523,"description":59265,"extension":2465,"meta":59266,"navigation":169,"path":59267,"seo":59268,"stem":59269,"__hash__":59270},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57524,"toc":59224},[57525,57531,57537,57540,57551,57554,57556,57619,57625,57630,57634,57648,57651,57656,57661,57663,57665,57684,57696,57698,57765,57767,57775,57780,57782,57790,57793,57810,57812,57936,57947,57951,57956,57959,57961,57979,57983,58069,58078,58086,58155,58157,58160,58172,58177,58181,58252,58255,58259,58263,58328,58330,58338,58342,58425,58427,58435,58439,58500,58502,58510,58514,58601,58603,58611,58616,58621,58624,58635,58637,58722,58727,58736,58738,58742,58746,58751,58813,58817,58825,58831,58840,58845,58894,58897,58918,58922,58984,58991,58996,58999,59086,59089,59100,59103,59123,59125,59131,59134,59138,59142,59148,59151,59157,59164,59172,59183,59185,59221],[10,57526,54581,57528,18],{"id":57527},"python-list-count-method",[15,57529,57530],{},"count()",[20,57532,57533,57536],{},[15,57534,57535],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57538,57539],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[252,57541,57542,57545,57548],{},[255,57543,57544],{},"count one specific item",[255,57546,57547],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[255,57549,57550],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57552,57553],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[30,57555,33],{"id":32},[35,57557,57559],{"className":37,"code":57558,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57560,57561,57589,57607],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57562,57563,57565,57567,57569,57571,57573,57575,57577,57579,57581,57583,57585,57587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57564,1551],{"class":50},[44,57566,55],{"class":54},[44,57568,1556],{"class":58},[44,57570,1588],{"class":95},[44,57572,83],{"class":58},[44,57574,1717],{"class":95},[44,57576,83],{"class":58},[44,57578,1717],{"class":95},[44,57580,83],{"class":58},[44,57582,2955],{"class":95},[44,57584,83],{"class":58},[44,57586,1717],{"class":95},[44,57588,1153],{"class":58},[44,57590,57591,57593,57595,57597,57599,57601,57603,57605],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57592,1953],{"class":50},[44,57594,55],{"class":54},[44,57596,4767],{"class":50},[44,57598,113],{"class":58},[44,57600,41493],{"class":116},[44,57602,120],{"class":58},[44,57604,2561],{"class":95},[44,57606,129],{"class":58},[44,57608,57609,57611,57613,57615,57617],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,57610,136],{"class":135},[44,57612,120],{"class":58},[44,57614,1984],{"class":116},[44,57616,144],{"class":58},[44,57618,51008],{"class":147},[20,57620,227,57621,57624],{},[15,57622,57623],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[30,57626,243,57628,246],{"id":57627},"what-listcount-does",[15,57629,57535],{},[20,57631,57632,72],{},[15,57633,57535],{},[252,57635,57636,57639,57642,57645],{},[255,57637,57638],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[255,57640,57641],{},"returns an integer",[255,57643,57644],{},"does not change the original list",[255,57646,57647],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57649,57650],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57652,57653,57654,113],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57655,2567],{},[20,57657,57658,57659,113],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57660,2626],{},[30,57662,392],{"id":391},[20,57664,2666],{},[35,57666,57668],{"className":37,"code":57667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57669,57670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57671,57672,57674,57676,57678,57680,57682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57673,8834],{"class":50},[44,57675,113],{"class":58},[44,57677,41493],{"class":116},[44,57679,120],{"class":58},[44,57681,1282],{"class":116},[44,57683,129],{"class":58},[252,57685,57686,57691],{},[255,57687,57688,57690],{},[15,57689,8834],{}," is the list you want to search",[255,57692,57693,57695],{},[15,57694,1282],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57697,269],{},[35,57699,57701],{"className":37,"code":57700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57702,57703,57743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57704,57705,57707,57709,57711,57713,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723,57725,57727,57729,57731,57733,57735,57737,57739,57741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57706,36320],{"class":50},[44,57708,55],{"class":54},[44,57710,1556],{"class":58},[44,57712,63],{"class":62},[44,57714,625],{"class":66},[44,57716,63],{"class":62},[44,57718,83],{"class":58},[44,57720,75],{"class":62},[44,57722,639],{"class":66},[44,57724,63],{"class":62},[44,57726,83],{"class":58},[44,57728,75],{"class":62},[44,57730,625],{"class":66},[44,57732,63],{"class":62},[44,57734,83],{"class":58},[44,57736,75],{"class":62},[44,57738,696],{"class":66},[44,57740,63],{"class":62},[44,57742,1153],{"class":58},[44,57744,57745,57747,57749,57751,57753,57755,57757,57759,57761,57763],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57746,136],{"class":135},[44,57748,120],{"class":58},[44,57750,36373],{"class":116},[44,57752,113],{"class":58},[44,57754,41493],{"class":116},[44,57756,120],{"class":58},[44,57758,63],{"class":62},[44,57760,625],{"class":66},[44,57762,63],{"class":62},[44,57764,2239],{"class":58},[20,57766,2576],{},[35,57768,57769],{"className":37,"code":17510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57770,57771],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57772,57773],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57774,17510],{"class":95},[20,57776,57777,57778,113],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57779,2626],{},[30,57781,38252],{"id":38251},[20,57783,57784,57785,57787,57788,113],{},"The return value from ",[15,57786,57530],{}," is always an ",[15,57789,2694],{},[20,57791,57792],{},"Possible results:",[252,57794,57795,57800,57805],{},[255,57796,57797,57799],{},[15,57798,2626],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[255,57801,57802,57804],{},[15,57803,1588],{}," if it appears once",[255,57806,57807,57809],{},[15,57808,2561],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57811,269],{},[35,57813,57815],{"className":37,"code":57814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57816,57817,57857,57861,57886,57911],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57818,57819,57821,57823,57825,57827,57829,57831,57833,57835,57837,57839,57841,57843,57845,57847,57849,57851,57853,57855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57820,13539],{"class":50},[44,57822,55],{"class":54},[44,57824,1556],{"class":58},[44,57826,63],{"class":62},[44,57828,13556],{"class":66},[44,57830,63],{"class":62},[44,57832,83],{"class":58},[44,57834,75],{"class":62},[44,57836,13573],{"class":66},[44,57838,63],{"class":62},[44,57840,83],{"class":58},[44,57842,75],{"class":62},[44,57844,17907],{"class":66},[44,57846,63],{"class":62},[44,57848,83],{"class":58},[44,57850,75],{"class":62},[44,57852,13573],{"class":66},[44,57854,63],{"class":62},[44,57856,1153],{"class":58},[44,57858,57859],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57860,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,57862,57863,57865,57867,57869,57871,57873,57875,57877,57879,57881,57883],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,57864,136],{"class":135},[44,57866,120],{"class":58},[44,57868,17954],{"class":116},[44,57870,113],{"class":58},[44,57872,41493],{"class":116},[44,57874,120],{"class":58},[44,57876,63],{"class":62},[44,57878,13573],{"class":66},[44,57880,63],{"class":62},[44,57882,532],{"class":58},[44,57884,57885],{"class":147},"   # 2\n",[44,57887,57888,57890,57892,57894,57896,57898,57900,57902,57904,57906,57908],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,57889,136],{"class":135},[44,57891,120],{"class":58},[44,57893,17954],{"class":116},[44,57895,113],{"class":58},[44,57897,41493],{"class":116},[44,57899,120],{"class":58},[44,57901,63],{"class":62},[44,57903,13556],{"class":66},[44,57905,63],{"class":62},[44,57907,532],{"class":58},[44,57909,57910],{"class":147},"    # 1\n",[44,57912,57913,57915,57917,57919,57921,57923,57925,57927,57929,57931,57933],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,57914,136],{"class":135},[44,57916,120],{"class":58},[44,57918,17954],{"class":116},[44,57920,113],{"class":58},[44,57922,41493],{"class":116},[44,57924,120],{"class":58},[44,57926,63],{"class":62},[44,57928,22962],{"class":66},[44,57930,63],{"class":62},[44,57932,532],{"class":58},[44,57934,57935],{"class":147}," # 0\n",[20,57937,57938,57939,57941,57942,57944,57945,113],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57940,57530],{}," works, but using ",[15,57943,4385],{}," is often simpler. See ",[625,57946,6699],{"href":6698},[30,57948,57950],{"id":57949},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57952,57953,57955],{},[15,57954,57535],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57957,57958],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57960,43885],{},[252,57962,57963,57966,57969,57976],{},[255,57964,57965],{},"matches are based on equality",[255,57967,57968],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[255,57970,57971,976,57973,57975],{},[15,57972,1588],{},[15,57974,4112],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[255,57977,57978],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[981,57980,57982],{"id":57981},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[35,57984,57986],{"className":37,"code":57985,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57987,57988,58021,58045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57989,57990,57992,57994,57996,57998,58000,58002,58004,58006,58009,58011,58013,58015,58017,58019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57991,4573],{"class":50},[44,57993,55],{"class":54},[44,57995,1556],{"class":58},[44,57997,63],{"class":62},[44,57999,4582],{"class":66},[44,58001,63],{"class":62},[44,58003,83],{"class":58},[44,58005,75],{"class":62},[44,58007,58008],{"class":66},"Apple",[44,58010,63],{"class":62},[44,58012,83],{"class":58},[44,58014,75],{"class":62},[44,58016,4582],{"class":66},[44,58018,63],{"class":62},[44,58020,1153],{"class":58},[44,58022,58023,58025,58027,58029,58031,58033,58035,58037,58039,58041,58043],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58024,136],{"class":135},[44,58026,120],{"class":58},[44,58028,4617],{"class":116},[44,58030,113],{"class":58},[44,58032,41493],{"class":116},[44,58034,120],{"class":58},[44,58036,63],{"class":62},[44,58038,4582],{"class":66},[44,58040,63],{"class":62},[44,58042,532],{"class":58},[44,58044,51653],{"class":147},[44,58046,58047,58049,58051,58053,58055,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065,58067],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,58048,136],{"class":135},[44,58050,120],{"class":58},[44,58052,4617],{"class":116},[44,58054,113],{"class":58},[44,58056,41493],{"class":116},[44,58058,120],{"class":58},[44,58060,63],{"class":62},[44,58062,58008],{"class":66},[44,58064,63],{"class":62},[44,58066,532],{"class":58},[44,58068,1762],{"class":147},[20,58070,58071,976,58074,58077],{},[15,58072,58073],{},"\"apple\"",[15,58075,58076],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[981,58079,58081,976,58083,58085],{"id":58080},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,58082,1588],{},[15,58084,4112],{}," can match",[35,58087,58089],{"className":37,"code":58088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,58090,58091,58115,58135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58092,58093,58095,58097,58099,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109,58111,58113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58094,4327],{"class":50},[44,58096,55],{"class":54},[44,58098,1556],{"class":58},[44,58100,1588],{"class":95},[44,58102,83],{"class":58},[44,58104,4418],{"class":1266},[44,58106,83],{"class":58},[44,58108,1717],{"class":95},[44,58110,83],{"class":58},[44,58112,1703],{"class":95},[44,58114,1153],{"class":58},[44,58116,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125,58127,58129,58131,58133],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58118,136],{"class":135},[44,58120,120],{"class":58},[44,58122,5860],{"class":116},[44,58124,113],{"class":58},[44,58126,41493],{"class":116},[44,58128,120],{"class":58},[44,58130,1588],{"class":95},[44,58132,532],{"class":58},[44,58134,51156],{"class":147},[44,58136,58137,58139,58141,58143,58145,58147,58149,58151,58153],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,58138,136],{"class":135},[44,58140,120],{"class":58},[44,58142,5860],{"class":116},[44,58144,113],{"class":58},[44,58146,41493],{"class":116},[44,58148,120],{"class":58},[44,58150,4112],{"class":1266},[44,58152,532],{"class":58},[44,58154,51008],{"class":147},[20,58156,4914],{},[20,58158,58159],{},"In Python:",[252,58161,58162,58167],{},[255,58163,58164],{},[15,58165,58166],{},"True == 1",[255,58168,58169],{},[15,58170,58171],{},"False == 0",[20,58173,53892,58174,58176],{},[15,58175,57530],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[981,58178,58180],{"id":58179},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[35,58182,58184],{"className":37,"code":58183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58185,58186,58228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58187,58188,58190,58192,58194,58196,58198,58200,58202,58204,58206,58208,58210,58212,58214,58216,58218,58220,58222,58224,58226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58189,8276],{"class":50},[44,58191,55],{"class":54},[44,58193,56533],{"class":58},[44,58195,1588],{"class":95},[44,58197,83],{"class":58},[44,58199,1717],{"class":95},[44,58201,18514],{"class":58},[44,58203,1556],{"class":58},[44,58205,2567],{"class":95},[44,58207,83],{"class":58},[44,58209,2961],{"class":95},[44,58211,18514],{"class":58},[44,58213,1556],{"class":58},[44,58215,1588],{"class":95},[44,58217,83],{"class":58},[44,58219,1717],{"class":95},[44,58221,18514],{"class":58},[44,58223,1556],{"class":58},[44,58225,1588],{"class":95},[44,58227,53481],{"class":58},[44,58229,58230,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240,58242,58244,58246,58248,58250],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58231,136],{"class":135},[44,58233,120],{"class":58},[44,58235,8305],{"class":116},[44,58237,113],{"class":58},[44,58239,41493],{"class":116},[44,58241,3492],{"class":58},[44,58243,1588],{"class":95},[44,58245,83],{"class":58},[44,58247,1717],{"class":95},[44,58249,5237],{"class":58},[44,58251,51653],{"class":147},[20,58253,58254],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[30,58256,58258],{"id":58257},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[981,58260,58262],{"id":58261},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[35,58264,58266],{"className":37,"code":58265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58267,58268,58296,58314,58318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58269,58270,58272,58274,58276,58278,58280,58282,58284,58286,58288,58290,58292,58294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58271,1551],{"class":50},[44,58273,55],{"class":54},[44,58275,1556],{"class":58},[44,58277,1559],{"class":95},[44,58279,83],{"class":58},[44,58281,646],{"class":95},[44,58283,83],{"class":58},[44,58285,632],{"class":95},[44,58287,83],{"class":58},[44,58289,1568],{"class":95},[44,58291,83],{"class":58},[44,58293,632],{"class":95},[44,58295,1153],{"class":58},[44,58297,58298,58300,58302,58304,58306,58308,58310,58312],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58299,1953],{"class":50},[44,58301,55],{"class":54},[44,58303,4767],{"class":50},[44,58305,113],{"class":58},[44,58307,41493],{"class":116},[44,58309,120],{"class":58},[44,58311,1559],{"class":95},[44,58313,129],{"class":58},[44,58315,58316],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,58317,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,58319,58320,58322,58324,58326],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,58321,136],{"class":135},[44,58323,120],{"class":58},[44,58325,1984],{"class":116},[44,58327,129],{"class":58},[20,58329,2576],{},[35,58331,58332],{"className":37,"code":46853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,58333,58334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58335,58336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58337,46853],{"class":95},[981,58339,58341],{"id":58340},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[35,58343,58345],{"className":37,"code":58344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58346,58347,58389,58411,58415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58348,58349,58351,58353,58355,58357,58359,58361,58363,58365,58368,58370,58372,58374,58376,58378,58380,58382,58385,58387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58350,4573],{"class":50},[44,58352,55],{"class":54},[44,58354,1556],{"class":58},[44,58356,63],{"class":62},[44,58358,37278],{"class":66},[44,58360,63],{"class":62},[44,58362,83],{"class":58},[44,58364,75],{"class":62},[44,58366,58367],{"class":66},"dog",[44,58369,63],{"class":62},[44,58371,83],{"class":58},[44,58373,75],{"class":62},[44,58375,37278],{"class":66},[44,58377,63],{"class":62},[44,58379,83],{"class":58},[44,58381,75],{"class":62},[44,58383,58384],{"class":66},"bird",[44,58386,63],{"class":62},[44,58388,1153],{"class":58},[44,58390,58391,58393,58395,58397,58399,58401,58403,58405,58407,58409],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58392,1953],{"class":50},[44,58394,55],{"class":54},[44,58396,6669],{"class":50},[44,58398,113],{"class":58},[44,58400,41493],{"class":116},[44,58402,120],{"class":58},[44,58404,63],{"class":62},[44,58406,37278],{"class":66},[44,58408,63],{"class":62},[44,58410,129],{"class":58},[44,58412,58413],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,58414,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,58416,58417,58419,58421,58423],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,58418,136],{"class":135},[44,58420,120],{"class":58},[44,58422,1984],{"class":116},[44,58424,129],{"class":58},[20,58426,2576],{},[35,58428,58429],{"className":37,"code":17510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,58430,58431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58432,58433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58434,17510],{"class":95},[981,58436,58438],{"id":58437},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[35,58440,58442],{"className":37,"code":58441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58443,58444,58468,58486,58490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58445,58446,58448,58450,58452,58454,58456,58458,58460,58462,58464,58466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58447,1551],{"class":50},[44,58449,55],{"class":54},[44,58451,1556],{"class":58},[44,58453,1588],{"class":95},[44,58455,83],{"class":58},[44,58457,1717],{"class":95},[44,58459,83],{"class":58},[44,58461,2955],{"class":95},[44,58463,83],{"class":58},[44,58465,2961],{"class":95},[44,58467,1153],{"class":58},[44,58469,58470,58472,58474,58476,58478,58480,58482,58484],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58471,1953],{"class":50},[44,58473,55],{"class":54},[44,58475,4767],{"class":50},[44,58477,113],{"class":58},[44,58479,41493],{"class":116},[44,58481,120],{"class":58},[44,58483,2643],{"class":95},[44,58485,129],{"class":58},[44,58487,58488],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,58489,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,58491,58492,58494,58496,58498],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,58493,136],{"class":135},[44,58495,120],{"class":58},[44,58497,1984],{"class":116},[44,58499,129],{"class":58},[20,58501,2576],{},[35,58503,58504],{"className":37,"code":47488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,58505,58506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58507,58508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58509,47488],{"class":95},[981,58511,58513],{"id":58512},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[35,58515,58517],{"className":37,"code":58516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58518,58519,58565,58587,58591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58520,58521,58523,58525,58527,58529,58531,58533,58535,58537,58539,58541,58543,58545,58547,58549,58551,58553,58555,58557,58559,58561,58563],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58522,616],{"class":50},[44,58524,55],{"class":54},[44,58526,56533],{"class":58},[44,58528,1588],{"class":95},[44,58530,83],{"class":58},[44,58532,1717],{"class":95},[44,58534,18514],{"class":58},[44,58536,1556],{"class":58},[44,58538,1588],{"class":95},[44,58540,83],{"class":58},[44,58542,1717],{"class":95},[44,58544,18514],{"class":58},[44,58546,1556],{"class":58},[44,58548,2561],{"class":95},[44,58550,83],{"class":58},[44,58552,2955],{"class":95},[44,58554,18514],{"class":58},[44,58556,1556],{"class":58},[44,58558,1588],{"class":95},[44,58560,83],{"class":58},[44,58562,1717],{"class":95},[44,58564,53481],{"class":58},[44,58566,58567,58569,58571,58573,58575,58577,58579,58581,58583,58585],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58568,1953],{"class":50},[44,58570,55],{"class":54},[44,58572,662],{"class":50},[44,58574,113],{"class":58},[44,58576,41493],{"class":116},[44,58578,3492],{"class":58},[44,58580,1588],{"class":95},[44,58582,83],{"class":58},[44,58584,1717],{"class":95},[44,58586,4391],{"class":58},[44,58588,58589],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,58590,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,58592,58593,58595,58597,58599],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,58594,136],{"class":135},[44,58596,120],{"class":58},[44,58598,1984],{"class":116},[44,58600,129],{"class":58},[20,58602,2576],{},[35,58604,58605],{"className":37,"code":46853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,58606,58607],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58608,58609],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58610,46853],{"class":95},[30,58612,769,58614],{"id":58613},"when-to-use-count",[15,58615,57530],{},[20,58617,227,58618,58620],{},[15,58619,57530],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58622,58623],{},"Good use cases:",[252,58625,58626,58629,58632],{},[255,58627,58628],{},"counting one specific item",[255,58630,58631],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[255,58633,58634],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58636,269],{},[35,58638,58640],{"className":37,"code":58639,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58641,58642,58683,58707,58711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58643,58644,58647,58649,58651,58653,58655,58657,58659,58661,58663,58665,58667,58669,58671,58673,58675,58677,58679,58681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58645,58646],{"class":50},"votes ",[44,58648,55],{"class":54},[44,58650,1556],{"class":58},[44,58652,63],{"class":62},[44,58654,9153],{"class":66},[44,58656,63],{"class":62},[44,58658,83],{"class":58},[44,58660,75],{"class":62},[44,58662,9092],{"class":66},[44,58664,63],{"class":62},[44,58666,83],{"class":58},[44,58668,75],{"class":62},[44,58670,9153],{"class":66},[44,58672,63],{"class":62},[44,58674,83],{"class":58},[44,58676,75],{"class":62},[44,58678,9153],{"class":66},[44,58680,63],{"class":62},[44,58682,1153],{"class":58},[44,58684,58685,58688,58690,58693,58695,58697,58699,58701,58703,58705],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58686,58687],{"class":50},"yes_votes ",[44,58689,55],{"class":54},[44,58691,58692],{"class":50}," votes",[44,58694,113],{"class":58},[44,58696,41493],{"class":116},[44,58698,120],{"class":58},[44,58700,63],{"class":62},[44,58702,9153],{"class":66},[44,58704,63],{"class":62},[44,58706,129],{"class":58},[44,58708,58709],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,58710,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,58712,58713,58715,58717,58720],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,58714,136],{"class":135},[44,58716,120],{"class":58},[44,58718,58719],{"class":116},"yes_votes",[44,58721,129],{"class":58},[20,58723,58724,58726],{},[15,58725,57530],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58728,58729,58730,976,58732,113],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[625,58731,53010],{"href":51217},[625,58733,58735],{"href":58734},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[30,58737,3335],{"id":3334},[20,58739,8942,58740,113],{},[15,58741,57535],{},[981,58743,58745],{"id":58744},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58747,58748,58750],{},[15,58749,57535],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[35,58752,58754],{"className":37,"code":58753,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58755,58756,58789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58757,58758,58760,58762,58764,58766,58769,58771,58773,58775,58777,58779,58781,58783,58785,58787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58759,4573],{"class":50},[44,58761,55],{"class":54},[44,58763,1556],{"class":58},[44,58765,63],{"class":62},[44,58767,58768],{"class":66},"apple pie",[44,58770,63],{"class":62},[44,58772,83],{"class":58},[44,58774,75],{"class":62},[44,58776,4591],{"class":66},[44,58778,63],{"class":62},[44,58780,83],{"class":58},[44,58782,75],{"class":62},[44,58784,58768],{"class":66},[44,58786,63],{"class":62},[44,58788,1153],{"class":58},[44,58790,58791,58793,58795,58797,58799,58801,58803,58805,58807,58809,58811],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58792,136],{"class":135},[44,58794,120],{"class":58},[44,58796,4617],{"class":116},[44,58798,113],{"class":58},[44,58800,41493],{"class":116},[44,58802,120],{"class":58},[44,58804,63],{"class":62},[44,58806,4582],{"class":66},[44,58808,63],{"class":62},[44,58810,532],{"class":58},[44,58812,51485],{"class":147},[20,58814,2992,58815,2363],{},[15,58816,2626],{},[20,58818,29285,58819,58821,58822,113],{},[15,58820,58073],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58823,58824],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58826,58827,58828,113],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58829,58830],{},"str.count()",[981,58832,1904,58834,8950,58836,3384,58838],{"id":58833},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58835,57530],{},[15,58837,4112],{},[15,58839,4178],{},[20,58841,58842,58844],{},[15,58843,57530],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[35,58846,58848],{"className":37,"code":58847,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58849,58850,58874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58851,58852,58854,58856,58858,58860,58862,58864,58866,58868,58870,58872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58853,1551],{"class":50},[44,58855,55],{"class":54},[44,58857,1556],{"class":58},[44,58859,1588],{"class":95},[44,58861,83],{"class":58},[44,58863,1717],{"class":95},[44,58865,83],{"class":58},[44,58867,1717],{"class":95},[44,58869,83],{"class":58},[44,58871,2955],{"class":95},[44,58873,1153],{"class":58},[44,58875,58876,58878,58880,58882,58884,58886,58888,58890,58892],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58877,136],{"class":135},[44,58879,120],{"class":58},[44,58881,1579],{"class":116},[44,58883,113],{"class":58},[44,58885,41493],{"class":116},[44,58887,120],{"class":58},[44,58889,2561],{"class":95},[44,58891,532],{"class":58},[44,58893,51653],{"class":147},[20,58895,58896],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[35,58898,58900],{"className":37,"code":58899,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58901,58902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58903,58904,58906,58908,58910,58912,58914,58916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58905,136],{"class":135},[44,58907,120],{"class":58},[44,58909,2561],{"class":95},[44,58911,1354],{"class":1140},[44,58913,4767],{"class":116},[44,58915,144],{"class":58},[44,58917,4168],{"class":147},[981,58919,58921],{"id":58920},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[35,58923,58925],{"className":37,"code":58924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58926,58927,58960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58928,58929,58931,58933,58935,58937,58939,58941,58943,58945,58947,58949,58951,58953,58956,58958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58930,5496],{"class":50},[44,58932,55],{"class":54},[44,58934,1556],{"class":58},[44,58936,63],{"class":62},[44,58938,8173],{"class":66},[44,58940,63],{"class":62},[44,58942,83],{"class":58},[44,58944,75],{"class":62},[44,58946,20664],{"class":66},[44,58948,63],{"class":62},[44,58950,83],{"class":58},[44,58952,75],{"class":62},[44,58954,58955],{"class":66},"SAM",[44,58957,63],{"class":62},[44,58959,1153],{"class":58},[44,58961,58962,58964,58966,58968,58970,58972,58974,58976,58978,58980,58982],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58963,136],{"class":135},[44,58965,120],{"class":58},[44,58967,5540],{"class":116},[44,58969,113],{"class":58},[44,58971,41493],{"class":116},[44,58973,120],{"class":58},[44,58975,63],{"class":62},[44,58977,20664],{"class":66},[44,58979,63],{"class":62},[44,58981,532],{"class":58},[44,58983,1762],{"class":147},[20,58985,58986,58987,58990],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58988,58989],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[981,58992,29874,58994,33775],{"id":58993},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58995,57530],{},[20,58997,58998],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[35,59000,59002],{"className":37,"code":59001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,59003,59004,59014,59028,59046,59060,59072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59005,59006,59008,59010,59012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59007,136],{"class":135},[44,59009,120],{"class":58},[44,59011,8834],{"class":116},[44,59013,129],{"class":58},[44,59015,59016,59018,59020,59022,59024,59026],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59017,136],{"class":135},[44,59019,120],{"class":58},[44,59021,2249],{"class":2248},[44,59023,120],{"class":58},[44,59025,8834],{"class":116},[44,59027,2239],{"class":58},[44,59029,59030,59032,59034,59036,59038,59040,59042,59044],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,59031,136],{"class":135},[44,59033,120],{"class":58},[44,59035,8834],{"class":116},[44,59037,113],{"class":58},[44,59039,41493],{"class":116},[44,59041,120],{"class":58},[44,59043,1282],{"class":116},[44,59045,2239],{"class":58},[44,59047,59048,59050,59052,59054,59056,59058],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,59049,136],{"class":135},[44,59051,120],{"class":58},[44,59053,1244],{"class":116},[44,59055,4385],{"class":1140},[44,59057,8891],{"class":116},[44,59059,129],{"class":58},[44,59061,59062,59064,59066,59068,59070],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,59063,6459],{"class":1140},[44,59065,6462],{"class":50},[44,59067,4385],{"class":1140},[44,59069,8891],{"class":50},[44,59071,1359],{"class":58},[44,59073,59074,59076,59078,59080,59082,59084],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,59075,1387],{"class":135},[44,59077,120],{"class":58},[44,59079,42013],{"class":135},[44,59081,120],{"class":58},[44,59083,23749],{"class":116},[44,59085,2239],{"class":58},[20,59087,59088],{},"These checks can help you see:",[252,59090,59091,59094,59097],{},[255,59092,59093],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[255,59095,59096],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[255,59098,59099],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,59101,59102],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[252,59104,59105,59110,59113,59120],{},[255,59106,50729,59107,59109],{},[15,59108,57530],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[255,59111,59112],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[255,59114,11586,59115,59117,59118],{},[15,59116,57535],{}," with string ",[15,59119,57530],{},[255,59121,59122],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[30,59124,2301],{"id":2300},[981,59126,2329,59128,59130],{"id":59127},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59129,57535],{}," change the list?",[20,59132,59133],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[981,59135,59137],{"id":59136},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59139,12383,59140,113],{},[15,59141,2626],{},[981,59143,5671,59145,59147],{"id":59144},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59146,57535],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59149,59150],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[981,59152,15359,59154,59156],{"id":59153},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59155,57535],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59158,42386,59159,976,59161,59163],{},[15,59160,58076],{},[15,59162,58073],{}," are different values.",[981,59165,5659,59167,59169,59170,2363],{"id":59166},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59168,4112],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59171,1588],{},[20,59173,9281,59174,59176,59177,976,59179,59176,59181,113],{},[15,59175,4112],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59178,1588],{},[15,59180,4178],{},[15,59182,2626],{},[30,59184,2375],{"id":2374},[252,59186,59187,59191,59197,59201,59209,59216],{},[255,59188,59189],{},[625,59190,53010],{"href":51217},[255,59192,59193],{},[625,59194,59196],{"href":59195},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[255,59198,59199],{},[625,59200,7433],{"href":6698},[255,59202,59203],{},[625,59204,55759,59206,11221],{"href":59205},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59207,59208],{},"index()",[255,59210,59211],{},[625,59212,4083,59214],{"href":59213},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59215,42595],{},[255,59217,59218],{},[625,59219,59220],{"href":58734},"What is a list in Python",[2414,59222,59223],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":59225},[59226,59227,59229,59230,59231,59237,59243,59245,59253,59264],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":57627,"depth":102,"text":59228},"What list.count() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":38251,"depth":102,"text":38252},{"id":57949,"depth":102,"text":57950,"children":59232},[59233,59234,59236],{"id":57981,"depth":132,"text":57982},{"id":58080,"depth":132,"text":59235},"1 and True can match",{"id":58179,"depth":132,"text":58180},{"id":58257,"depth":102,"text":58258,"children":59238},[59239,59240,59241,59242],{"id":58261,"depth":132,"text":58262},{"id":58340,"depth":132,"text":58341},{"id":58437,"depth":132,"text":58438},{"id":58512,"depth":132,"text":58513},{"id":58613,"depth":102,"text":59244},"When to use count()",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":59246},[59247,59248,59250,59251],{"id":58744,"depth":132,"text":58745},{"id":58833,"depth":132,"text":59249},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58920,"depth":132,"text":58921},{"id":58993,"depth":132,"text":59252},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":59254},[59255,59257,59258,59260,59262],{"id":59127,"depth":132,"text":59256},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59136,"depth":132,"text":59137},{"id":59144,"depth":132,"text":59259},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59153,"depth":132,"text":59261},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59166,"depth":132,"text":59263},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57522,"description":59265},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59272,"title":59273,"body":59274,"description":61237,"extension":2465,"meta":61238,"navigation":169,"path":61239,"seo":61240,"stem":61241,"__hash__":61242},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59275,"toc":61200},[59276,59279,59282,59284,59412,59416,59497,59508,59510,59529,59533,59536,59539,59557,59559,59602,59606,59631,59640,59644,59649,59652,59769,59773,59842,59846,59858,59862,59865,59906,59910,59923,59926,60011,60015,60048,60055,60061,60066,60068,60080,60084,60117,60121,60153,60157,60194,60198,60218,60222,60256,60260,60289,60300,60304,60307,60310,60323,60380,60384,60423,60429,60432,60434,60437,60441,60444,60469,60471,60496,60503,60506,60551,60555,60574,60577,60616,60623,60628,60662,60666,60767,60774,60807,60811,60837,60841,60844,60882,60885,60922,60926,60929,60948,60952,61013,61015,61033,61037,61040,61043,61072,61074,61078,61081,61089,61093,61096,61116,61122,61128,61132,61135,61142,61150,61152,61191,61197],[10,59277,59273],{"id":59278},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59280,59281],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[30,59283,33],{"id":32},[35,59285,59287],{"className":37,"code":59286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59288,59289,59309,59341,59349,59367,59371,59381,59391,59402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59290,59291,59293,59295,59297,59299,59301,59303,59305,59307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59292,1551],{"class":50},[44,59294,55],{"class":54},[44,59296,1556],{"class":58},[44,59298,1588],{"class":95},[44,59300,83],{"class":58},[44,59302,1717],{"class":95},[44,59304,83],{"class":58},[44,59306,2955],{"class":95},[44,59308,1153],{"class":58},[44,59310,59311,59313,59315,59317,59319,59321,59323,59325,59327,59329,59331,59333,59335,59337,59339],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59312,5496],{"class":50},[44,59314,55],{"class":54},[44,59316,1556],{"class":58},[44,59318,63],{"class":62},[44,59320,78],{"class":66},[44,59322,63],{"class":62},[44,59324,83],{"class":58},[44,59326,75],{"class":62},[44,59328,36170],{"class":66},[44,59330,63],{"class":62},[44,59332,83],{"class":58},[44,59334,75],{"class":62},[44,59336,36179],{"class":66},[44,59338,63],{"class":62},[44,59340,1153],{"class":58},[44,59342,59343,59345,59347],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,59344,56170],{"class":50},[44,59346,55],{"class":54},[44,59348,8334],{"class":58},[44,59350,59351,59353,59355,59357,59359,59361,59363,59365],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,59352,36320],{"class":50},[44,59354,55],{"class":54},[44,59356,22998],{"class":2248},[44,59358,120],{"class":58},[44,59360,63],{"class":62},[44,59362,41794],{"class":66},[44,59364,63],{"class":62},[44,59366,129],{"class":58},[44,59368,59369],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,59370,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,59372,59373,59375,59377,59379],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,59374,136],{"class":135},[44,59376,120],{"class":58},[44,59378,1579],{"class":116},[44,59380,129],{"class":58},[44,59382,59383,59385,59387,59389],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,59384,136],{"class":135},[44,59386,120],{"class":58},[44,59388,5540],{"class":116},[44,59390,129],{"class":58},[44,59392,59393,59395,59397,59400],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,59394,136],{"class":135},[44,59396,120],{"class":58},[44,59398,59399],{"class":116},"empty_list",[44,59401,129],{"class":58},[44,59403,59404,59406,59408,59410],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,59405,136],{"class":135},[44,59407,120],{"class":58},[44,59409,36373],{"class":116},[44,59411,129],{"class":58},[20,59413,59414],{},[590,59415,2576],{},[35,59417,59419],{"className":37,"code":59418,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59420,59421,59437,59465,59469],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59422,59423,59425,59427,59429,59431,59433,59435],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59424,896],{"class":58},[44,59426,1588],{"class":95},[44,59428,83],{"class":58},[44,59430,1717],{"class":95},[44,59432,83],{"class":58},[44,59434,2955],{"class":95},[44,59436,1153],{"class":58},[44,59438,59439,59441,59443,59445,59447,59449,59451,59453,59455,59457,59459,59461,59463],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59440,896],{"class":58},[44,59442,2197],{"class":62},[44,59444,78],{"class":66},[44,59446,2197],{"class":62},[44,59448,83],{"class":58},[44,59450,2232],{"class":62},[44,59452,36170],{"class":66},[44,59454,2197],{"class":62},[44,59456,83],{"class":58},[44,59458,2232],{"class":62},[44,59460,36179],{"class":66},[44,59462,2197],{"class":62},[44,59464,1153],{"class":58},[44,59466,59467],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,59468,38529],{"class":58},[44,59470,59471,59473,59475,59477,59479,59481,59483,59485,59487,59489,59491,59493,59495],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,59472,896],{"class":58},[44,59474,2197],{"class":62},[44,59476,625],{"class":66},[44,59478,2197],{"class":62},[44,59480,83],{"class":58},[44,59482,2232],{"class":62},[44,59484,639],{"class":66},[44,59486,2197],{"class":62},[44,59488,83],{"class":58},[44,59490,2232],{"class":62},[44,59492,696],{"class":66},[44,59494,2197],{"class":62},[44,59496,1153],{"class":58},[20,59498,59499,59500,59502,59503,59505,59506,113],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59501,4291],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59504,25220],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59507,36428],{},[30,59509,15619],{"id":15618},[252,59511,59512,59515,59518,59521,59526],{},[255,59513,59514],{},"What a list is in Python",[255,59516,59517],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[255,59519,59520],{},"How to create an empty list",[255,59522,59523,59524,2807],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59525,25220],{},[255,59527,59528],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[30,59530,59532],{"id":59531},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59534,59535],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59537,59538],{},"This means:",[252,59540,59541,59544,59547,59550],{},[255,59542,59543],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[255,59545,59546],{},"The order of items is kept",[255,59548,59549],{},"A list can hold different data types",[255,59551,59552,59553,59556],{},"A list is ",[590,59554,59555],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59558,269],{},[35,59560,59562],{"className":37,"code":59561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59563,59564,59588,59592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59565,59566,59568,59570,59572,59574,59576,59578,59580,59582,59584,59586],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59567,8276],{"class":50},[44,59569,55],{"class":54},[44,59571,1556],{"class":58},[44,59573,63],{"class":62},[44,59575,4582],{"class":66},[44,59577,63],{"class":62},[44,59579,83],{"class":58},[44,59581,632],{"class":95},[44,59583,83],{"class":58},[44,59585,4418],{"class":1266},[44,59587,1153],{"class":58},[44,59589,59590],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59591,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,59593,59594,59596,59598,59600],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,59595,136],{"class":135},[44,59597,120],{"class":58},[44,59599,8305],{"class":116},[44,59601,129],{"class":58},[20,59603,59604],{},[590,59605,2576],{},[35,59607,59609],{"className":37,"code":59608,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59610,59611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59612,59613,59615,59617,59619,59621,59623,59625,59627,59629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59614,896],{"class":58},[44,59616,2197],{"class":62},[44,59618,4582],{"class":66},[44,59620,2197],{"class":62},[44,59622,83],{"class":58},[44,59624,632],{"class":95},[44,59626,83],{"class":58},[44,59628,4418],{"class":1266},[44,59630,1153],{"class":58},[20,59632,59633,59634,3384,59637,113],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[625,59635,59636],{"href":51217},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[625,59638,59639],{"href":58734},"What is a List in Python?",[30,59641,59643],{"id":59642},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59645,59499,59646,59648],{},[15,59647,4291],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59650,59651],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[35,59653,59655],{"className":37,"code":59654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59656,59657,59677,59709,59734,59738,59748,59758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59658,59659,59661,59663,59665,59667,59669,59671,59673,59675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59660,1551],{"class":50},[44,59662,55],{"class":54},[44,59664,1556],{"class":58},[44,59666,1588],{"class":95},[44,59668,83],{"class":58},[44,59670,1717],{"class":95},[44,59672,83],{"class":58},[44,59674,2955],{"class":95},[44,59676,1153],{"class":58},[44,59678,59679,59681,59683,59685,59687,59689,59691,59693,59695,59697,59699,59701,59703,59705,59707],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59680,5496],{"class":50},[44,59682,55],{"class":54},[44,59684,1556],{"class":58},[44,59686,63],{"class":62},[44,59688,78],{"class":66},[44,59690,63],{"class":62},[44,59692,83],{"class":58},[44,59694,75],{"class":62},[44,59696,36170],{"class":66},[44,59698,63],{"class":62},[44,59700,83],{"class":58},[44,59702,75],{"class":62},[44,59704,36179],{"class":66},[44,59706,63],{"class":62},[44,59708,1153],{"class":58},[44,59710,59711,59714,59716,59718,59720,59722,59724,59726,59728,59730,59732],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,59712,59713],{"class":50},"mixed ",[44,59715,55],{"class":54},[44,59717,1556],{"class":58},[44,59719,1559],{"class":95},[44,59721,83],{"class":58},[44,59723,75],{"class":62},[44,59725,4349],{"class":66},[44,59727,63],{"class":62},[44,59729,83],{"class":58},[44,59731,4409],{"class":1266},[44,59733,1153],{"class":58},[44,59735,59736],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,59737,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,59739,59740,59742,59744,59746],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,59741,136],{"class":135},[44,59743,120],{"class":58},[44,59745,1579],{"class":116},[44,59747,129],{"class":58},[44,59749,59750,59752,59754,59756],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,59751,136],{"class":135},[44,59753,120],{"class":58},[44,59755,5540],{"class":116},[44,59757,129],{"class":58},[44,59759,59760,59762,59764,59767],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,59761,136],{"class":135},[44,59763,120],{"class":58},[44,59765,59766],{"class":116},"mixed",[44,59768,129],{"class":58},[20,59770,59771],{},[590,59772,2576],{},[35,59774,59776],{"className":37,"code":59775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59777,59778,59794,59822],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59779,59780,59782,59784,59786,59788,59790,59792],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59781,896],{"class":58},[44,59783,1588],{"class":95},[44,59785,83],{"class":58},[44,59787,1717],{"class":95},[44,59789,83],{"class":58},[44,59791,2955],{"class":95},[44,59793,1153],{"class":58},[44,59795,59796,59798,59800,59802,59804,59806,59808,59810,59812,59814,59816,59818,59820],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59797,896],{"class":58},[44,59799,2197],{"class":62},[44,59801,78],{"class":66},[44,59803,2197],{"class":62},[44,59805,83],{"class":58},[44,59807,2232],{"class":62},[44,59809,36170],{"class":66},[44,59811,2197],{"class":62},[44,59813,83],{"class":58},[44,59815,2232],{"class":62},[44,59817,36179],{"class":66},[44,59819,2197],{"class":62},[44,59821,1153],{"class":58},[44,59823,59824,59826,59828,59830,59832,59834,59836,59838,59840],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,59825,896],{"class":58},[44,59827,1559],{"class":95},[44,59829,83],{"class":58},[44,59831,2232],{"class":62},[44,59833,4349],{"class":66},[44,59835,2197],{"class":62},[44,59837,83],{"class":58},[44,59839,4409],{"class":1266},[44,59841,1153],{"class":58},[981,59843,59845],{"id":59844},"key-points","Key points",[252,59847,59848,59853,59855],{},[255,59849,227,59850,59852],{},[15,59851,4291],{}," to make a new list",[255,59854,15888],{},[255,59856,59857],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[30,59859,59861],{"id":59860},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59863,59864],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[35,59866,59868],{"className":37,"code":59867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59869,59870,59878,59882,59892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59871,59872,59874,59876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59873,8803],{"class":50},[44,59875,55],{"class":54},[44,59877,8334],{"class":58},[44,59879,59880],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59881,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,59883,59884,59886,59888,59890],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,59885,136],{"class":135},[44,59887,120],{"class":58},[44,59889,8834],{"class":116},[44,59891,129],{"class":58},[44,59893,59894,59896,59898,59900,59902,59904],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,59895,136],{"class":135},[44,59897,120],{"class":58},[44,59899,11641],{"class":135},[44,59901,120],{"class":58},[44,59903,8834],{"class":116},[44,59905,2239],{"class":58},[20,59907,59908],{},[590,59909,2576],{},[35,59911,59913],{"className":37,"code":59912,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[]\n0\n",[15,59914,59915,59919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59916,59917],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59918,38529],{"class":58},[44,59920,59921],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59922,47488],{"class":95},[20,59924,59925],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[35,59927,59929],{"className":37,"code":59928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59930,59931,59939,59943,59961,59979,59997,60001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59932,59933,59935,59937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59934,5496],{"class":50},[44,59936,55],{"class":54},[44,59938,8334],{"class":58},[44,59940,59941],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59942,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,59944,59945,59947,59949,59951,59953,59955,59957,59959],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,59946,5540],{"class":50},[44,59948,113],{"class":58},[44,59950,14012],{"class":116},[44,59952,120],{"class":58},[44,59954,63],{"class":62},[44,59956,78],{"class":66},[44,59958,63],{"class":62},[44,59960,129],{"class":58},[44,59962,59963,59965,59967,59969,59971,59973,59975,59977],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,59964,5540],{"class":50},[44,59966,113],{"class":58},[44,59968,14012],{"class":116},[44,59970,120],{"class":58},[44,59972,63],{"class":62},[44,59974,36170],{"class":66},[44,59976,63],{"class":62},[44,59978,129],{"class":58},[44,59980,59981,59983,59985,59987,59989,59991,59993,59995],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,59982,5540],{"class":50},[44,59984,113],{"class":58},[44,59986,14012],{"class":116},[44,59988,120],{"class":58},[44,59990,63],{"class":62},[44,59992,36179],{"class":66},[44,59994,63],{"class":62},[44,59996,129],{"class":58},[44,59998,59999],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,60000,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,60002,60003,60005,60007,60009],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,60004,136],{"class":135},[44,60006,120],{"class":58},[44,60008,5540],{"class":116},[44,60010,129],{"class":58},[20,60012,60013],{},[590,60014,2576],{},[35,60016,60018],{"className":37,"code":60017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,60019,60020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60021,60022,60024,60026,60028,60030,60032,60034,60036,60038,60040,60042,60044,60046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60023,896],{"class":58},[44,60025,2197],{"class":62},[44,60027,78],{"class":66},[44,60029,2197],{"class":62},[44,60031,83],{"class":58},[44,60033,2232],{"class":62},[44,60035,36170],{"class":66},[44,60037,2197],{"class":62},[44,60039,83],{"class":58},[44,60041,2232],{"class":62},[44,60043,36179],{"class":66},[44,60045,2197],{"class":62},[44,60047,1153],{"class":58},[20,60049,60050,60051,113],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[625,60052,60053,11221],{"href":57008},[15,60054,52891],{},[30,60056,60058,60059],{"id":60057},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,60060,25220],{},[20,60062,227,60063,60065],{},[15,60064,25220],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,60067,5958],{},[252,60069,60070,60072,60074,60076],{},[255,60071,5810],{},[255,60073,5804],{},[255,60075,5807],{},[255,60077,60078],{},[15,60079,36428],{},[981,60081,60083],{"id":60082},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[35,60085,60087],{"className":37,"code":60086,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,60088,60089,60107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60090,60091,60093,60095,60097,60099,60101,60103,60105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60092,36320],{"class":50},[44,60094,55],{"class":54},[44,60096,22998],{"class":2248},[44,60098,120],{"class":58},[44,60100,63],{"class":62},[44,60102,41794],{"class":66},[44,60104,63],{"class":62},[44,60106,129],{"class":58},[44,60108,60109,60111,60113,60115],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60110,136],{"class":135},[44,60112,120],{"class":58},[44,60114,36373],{"class":116},[44,60116,129],{"class":58},[20,60118,60119],{},[590,60120,2576],{},[35,60122,60123],{"className":37,"code":43110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,60124,60125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60126,60127,60129,60131,60133,60135,60137,60139,60141,60143,60145,60147,60149,60151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60128,896],{"class":58},[44,60130,2197],{"class":62},[44,60132,625],{"class":66},[44,60134,2197],{"class":62},[44,60136,83],{"class":58},[44,60138,2232],{"class":62},[44,60140,639],{"class":66},[44,60142,2197],{"class":62},[44,60144,83],{"class":58},[44,60146,2232],{"class":62},[44,60148,696],{"class":66},[44,60150,2197],{"class":62},[44,60152,1153],{"class":58},[981,60154,60156],{"id":60155},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[35,60158,60160],{"className":37,"code":60159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60161,60162,60184],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60163,60164,60166,60168,60170,60172,60174,60176,60178,60180,60182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60165,1551],{"class":50},[44,60167,55],{"class":54},[44,60169,22998],{"class":2248},[44,60171,6011],{"class":58},[44,60173,1588],{"class":95},[44,60175,83],{"class":58},[44,60177,1717],{"class":95},[44,60179,83],{"class":58},[44,60181,2955],{"class":95},[44,60183,2239],{"class":58},[44,60185,60186,60188,60190,60192],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60187,136],{"class":135},[44,60189,120],{"class":58},[44,60191,1579],{"class":116},[44,60193,129],{"class":58},[20,60195,60196],{},[590,60197,2576],{},[35,60199,60200],{"className":37,"code":55389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,60201,60202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60203,60204,60206,60208,60210,60212,60214,60216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60205,896],{"class":58},[44,60207,1588],{"class":95},[44,60209,83],{"class":58},[44,60211,1717],{"class":95},[44,60213,83],{"class":58},[44,60215,2955],{"class":95},[44,60217,1153],{"class":58},[981,60219,60221],{"id":60220},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[35,60223,60225],{"className":37,"code":60224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60226,60227,60246],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60228,60229,60231,60233,60235,60237,60240,60242,60244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60230,4327],{"class":50},[44,60232,55],{"class":54},[44,60234,22998],{"class":2248},[44,60236,120],{"class":58},[44,60238,60239],{"class":135},"range",[44,60241,120],{"class":58},[44,60243,2643],{"class":95},[44,60245,2239],{"class":58},[44,60247,60248,60250,60252,60254],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60249,136],{"class":135},[44,60251,120],{"class":58},[44,60253,5860],{"class":116},[44,60255,129],{"class":58},[20,60257,60258],{},[590,60259,2576],{},[35,60261,60263],{"className":37,"code":60262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60264,60265],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60266,60267,60269,60271,60273,60275,60277,60279,60281,60283,60285,60287],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60268,896],{"class":58},[44,60270,2626],{"class":95},[44,60272,83],{"class":58},[44,60274,1703],{"class":95},[44,60276,83],{"class":58},[44,60278,1717],{"class":95},[44,60280,83],{"class":58},[44,60282,2955],{"class":95},[44,60284,83],{"class":58},[44,60286,2961],{"class":95},[44,60288,1153],{"class":58},[20,60290,60291,60293,60294,113],{},[15,60292,25220],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[625,60295,60297,60299],{"href":60296},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60298,25220],{},": Function Explained",[30,60301,60303],{"id":60302},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60305,60306],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60308,60309],{},"Examples include:",[252,60311,60312,60314,60316,60318,60320],{},[255,60313,5810],{},[255,60315,40657],{},[255,60317,52284],{},[255,60319,40827],{},[255,60321,60322],{},"other lists",[35,60324,60326],{"className":37,"code":60325,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60327,60328,60366,60370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60329,60330,60332,60334,60336,60338,60340,60342,60344,60346,60348,60350,60352,60354,60356,60358,60360,60362,60364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60331,616],{"class":50},[44,60333,55],{"class":54},[44,60335,1556],{"class":58},[44,60337,63],{"class":62},[44,60339,78],{"class":66},[44,60341,63],{"class":62},[44,60343,83],{"class":58},[44,60345,96],{"class":95},[44,60347,83],{"class":58},[44,60349,4418],{"class":1266},[44,60351,83],{"class":58},[44,60353,1556],{"class":58},[44,60355,1588],{"class":95},[44,60357,83],{"class":58},[44,60359,1717],{"class":95},[44,60361,83],{"class":58},[44,60363,2955],{"class":95},[44,60365,53481],{"class":58},[44,60367,60368],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60369,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,60371,60372,60374,60376,60378],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,60373,136],{"class":135},[44,60375,120],{"class":58},[44,60377,750],{"class":116},[44,60379,129],{"class":58},[20,60381,60382],{},[590,60383,2576],{},[35,60385,60387],{"className":37,"code":60386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60388,60389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60390,60391,60393,60395,60397,60399,60401,60403,60405,60407,60409,60411,60413,60415,60417,60419,60421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60392,896],{"class":58},[44,60394,2197],{"class":62},[44,60396,78],{"class":66},[44,60398,2197],{"class":62},[44,60400,83],{"class":58},[44,60402,96],{"class":95},[44,60404,83],{"class":58},[44,60406,4418],{"class":1266},[44,60408,83],{"class":58},[44,60410,1556],{"class":58},[44,60412,1588],{"class":95},[44,60414,83],{"class":58},[44,60416,1717],{"class":95},[44,60418,83],{"class":58},[44,60420,2955],{"class":95},[44,60422,53481],{"class":58},[20,60424,60425,60426,113],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[590,60427,60428],{},"nested list",[20,60430,60431],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[30,60433,1526],{"id":1525},[20,60435,60436],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[981,60438,60440],{"id":60439},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60442,60443],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[35,60445,60447],{"className":37,"code":60446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60448,60449,60453],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60450,60451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60452,5038],{"class":147},[44,60454,60455,60457,60459,60461,60463,60465,60467],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60456,1551],{"class":50},[44,60458,55],{"class":54},[44,60460,1556],{"class":58},[44,60462,1588],{"class":95},[44,60464,1717],{"class":95},[44,60466,2955],{"class":95},[44,60468,1153],{"class":58},[20,60470,11288],{},[35,60472,60474],{"className":37,"code":60473,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60475,60476],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60477,60478,60480,60482,60484,60486,60488,60490,60492,60494],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60479,1551],{"class":50},[44,60481,55],{"class":54},[44,60483,1556],{"class":58},[44,60485,1588],{"class":95},[44,60487,83],{"class":58},[44,60489,1717],{"class":95},[44,60491,83],{"class":58},[44,60493,2955],{"class":95},[44,60495,1153],{"class":58},[981,60497,1785,60499,2037,60501],{"id":60498},"using-instead-of",[15,60500,7862],{},[15,60502,4291],{},[20,60504,60505],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[35,60507,60509],{"className":37,"code":60508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60510,60511,60532,60536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60512,60513,60516,60518,60520,60522,60524,60526,60528,60530],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60514,60515],{"class":50},"my_values ",[44,60517,55],{"class":54},[44,60519,9728],{"class":58},[44,60521,1588],{"class":95},[44,60523,83],{"class":58},[44,60525,1717],{"class":95},[44,60527,83],{"class":58},[44,60529,2955],{"class":95},[44,60531,129],{"class":58},[44,60533,60534],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60535,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,60537,60538,60540,60542,60544,60546,60549],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,60539,136],{"class":135},[44,60541,120],{"class":58},[44,60543,2249],{"class":2248},[44,60545,120],{"class":58},[44,60547,60548],{"class":116},"my_values",[44,60550,2239],{"class":58},[20,60552,60553],{},[590,60554,2576],{},[35,60556,60558],{"className":37,"code":60557,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60559,60560],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60561,60562,60564,60566,60568,60570,60572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60563,3797],{"class":54},[44,60565,3800],{"class":2570},[44,60567,2232],{"class":62},[44,60569,49190],{"class":66},[44,60571,2197],{"class":62},[44,60573,3809],{"class":54},[20,60575,60576],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[35,60578,60580],{"className":37,"code":60579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60581,60582,60602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60583,60584,60586,60588,60590,60592,60594,60596,60598,60600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60585,60515],{"class":50},[44,60587,55],{"class":54},[44,60589,1556],{"class":58},[44,60591,1588],{"class":95},[44,60593,83],{"class":58},[44,60595,1717],{"class":95},[44,60597,83],{"class":58},[44,60599,2955],{"class":95},[44,60601,1153],{"class":58},[44,60603,60604,60606,60608,60610,60612,60614],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60605,136],{"class":135},[44,60607,120],{"class":58},[44,60609,2249],{"class":2248},[44,60611,120],{"class":58},[44,60613,60548],{"class":116},[44,60615,2239],{"class":58},[981,60617,1904,60619,60622],{"id":60618},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60620,60621],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60624,60625,60627],{},[15,60626,25220],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[35,60629,60631],{"className":37,"code":60630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60632,60633,60652],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60634,60635,60637,60639,60641,60643,60645,60648,60650],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60636,1953],{"class":50},[44,60638,55],{"class":54},[44,60640,22998],{"class":2248},[44,60642,120],{"class":58},[44,60644,63],{"class":62},[44,60646,60647],{"class":66},"hello world",[44,60649,63],{"class":62},[44,60651,129],{"class":58},[44,60653,60654,60656,60658,60660],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60655,136],{"class":135},[44,60657,120],{"class":58},[44,60659,1984],{"class":116},[44,60661,129],{"class":58},[20,60663,60664],{},[590,60665,2576],{},[35,60667,60669],{"className":37,"code":60668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60670,60671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60672,60673,60675,60677,60680,60682,60684,60686,60689,60691,60693,60695,60698,60700,60702,60704,60706,60708,60710,60712,60715,60717,60719,60721,60723,60725,60727,60730,60732,60734,60736,60738,60740,60742,60744,60747,60749,60751,60753,60755,60757,60759,60761,60763,60765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60674,896],{"class":58},[44,60676,2197],{"class":62},[44,60678,60679],{"class":66},"h",[44,60681,2197],{"class":62},[44,60683,83],{"class":58},[44,60685,2232],{"class":62},[44,60687,60688],{"class":66},"e",[44,60690,2197],{"class":62},[44,60692,83],{"class":58},[44,60694,2232],{"class":62},[44,60696,60697],{"class":66},"l",[44,60699,2197],{"class":62},[44,60701,83],{"class":58},[44,60703,2232],{"class":62},[44,60705,60697],{"class":66},[44,60707,2197],{"class":62},[44,60709,83],{"class":58},[44,60711,2232],{"class":62},[44,60713,60714],{"class":66},"o",[44,60716,2197],{"class":62},[44,60718,83],{"class":58},[44,60720,2232],{"class":62},[44,60722,2232],{"class":62},[44,60724,83],{"class":58},[44,60726,2232],{"class":62},[44,60728,60729],{"class":66},"w",[44,60731,2197],{"class":62},[44,60733,83],{"class":58},[44,60735,2232],{"class":62},[44,60737,60714],{"class":66},[44,60739,2197],{"class":62},[44,60741,83],{"class":58},[44,60743,2232],{"class":62},[44,60745,60746],{"class":66},"r",[44,60748,2197],{"class":62},[44,60750,83],{"class":58},[44,60752,2232],{"class":62},[44,60754,60697],{"class":66},[44,60756,2197],{"class":62},[44,60758,83],{"class":58},[44,60760,2232],{"class":62},[44,60762,19217],{"class":66},[44,60764,2197],{"class":62},[44,60766,1153],{"class":58},[20,60768,60769,60770,60773],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60771,60772],{},"split()"," instead:",[35,60775,60777],{"className":37,"code":60776,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60778,60779,60797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60780,60781,60783,60785,60787,60789,60791,60793,60795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60782,4573],{"class":50},[44,60784,55],{"class":54},[44,60786,75],{"class":62},[44,60788,60647],{"class":66},[44,60790,63],{"class":62},[44,60792,113],{"class":58},[44,60794,34696],{"class":116},[44,60796,9138],{"class":58},[44,60798,60799,60801,60803,60805],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60800,136],{"class":135},[44,60802,120],{"class":58},[44,60804,4617],{"class":116},[44,60806,129],{"class":58},[20,60808,60809],{},[590,60810,2576],{},[35,60812,60814],{"className":37,"code":60813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60815,60816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60817,60818,60820,60822,60824,60826,60828,60830,60833,60835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60819,896],{"class":58},[44,60821,2197],{"class":62},[44,60823,4349],{"class":66},[44,60825,2197],{"class":62},[44,60827,83],{"class":58},[44,60829,2232],{"class":62},[44,60831,60832],{"class":66},"world",[44,60834,2197],{"class":62},[44,60836,1153],{"class":58},[981,60838,60840],{"id":60839},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60842,60843],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[35,60845,60847],{"className":37,"code":60846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60848,60849,60853],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60850,60851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60852,5038],{"class":147},[44,60854,60855,60857,60859,60861,60863,60865,60867,60869,60871,60874,60876,60878,60880],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60856,5496],{"class":50},[44,60858,55],{"class":54},[44,60860,1556],{"class":58},[44,60862,63],{"class":62},[44,60864,78],{"class":66},[44,60866,63],{"class":62},[44,60868,83],{"class":58},[44,60870,75],{"class":62},[44,60872,60873],{"class":66},"Ben', ",[44,60875,63],{"class":62},[44,60877,36179],{"class":50},[44,60879,63],{"class":62},[44,60881,1153],{"class":66},[20,60883,60884],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[35,60886,60888],{"className":37,"code":60887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60889,60890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60891,60892,60894,60896,60898,60900,60902,60904,60906,60908,60910,60912,60914,60916,60918,60920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60893,5496],{"class":50},[44,60895,55],{"class":54},[44,60897,1556],{"class":58},[44,60899,63],{"class":62},[44,60901,78],{"class":66},[44,60903,63],{"class":62},[44,60905,83],{"class":58},[44,60907,75],{"class":62},[44,60909,36170],{"class":66},[44,60911,63],{"class":62},[44,60913,83],{"class":58},[44,60915,75],{"class":62},[44,60917,36179],{"class":66},[44,60919,63],{"class":62},[44,60921,1153],{"class":58},[981,60923,60925],{"id":60924},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60927,60928],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[252,60930,60931,60934,60937,60942],{},[255,60932,60933],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[255,60935,60936],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[255,60938,60939,60940],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60941,25220],{},[255,60943,1904,60944,60947],{},[15,60945,60946],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[981,60949,60951],{"id":60950},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[35,60953,60955],{"className":37,"code":60954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60956,60957,60967,60981,60995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60958,60959,60961,60963,60965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60960,136],{"class":135},[44,60962,120],{"class":58},[44,60964,8834],{"class":116},[44,60966,129],{"class":58},[44,60968,60969,60971,60973,60975,60977,60979],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60970,136],{"class":135},[44,60972,120],{"class":58},[44,60974,2249],{"class":2248},[44,60976,120],{"class":58},[44,60978,8834],{"class":116},[44,60980,2239],{"class":58},[44,60982,60983,60985,60987,60989,60991,60993],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,60984,136],{"class":135},[44,60986,120],{"class":58},[44,60988,11641],{"class":135},[44,60990,120],{"class":58},[44,60992,8834],{"class":116},[44,60994,2239],{"class":58},[44,60996,60997,60999,61001,61003,61005,61007,61009,61011],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,60998,136],{"class":135},[44,61000,120],{"class":58},[44,61002,8588],{"class":2248},[44,61004,120],{"class":58},[44,61006,60239],{"class":135},[44,61008,120],{"class":58},[44,61010,2643],{"class":95},[44,61012,3418],{"class":58},[20,61014,26444],{},[252,61016,61017,61020,61023,61026],{},[255,61018,61019],{},"what the list contains",[255,61021,61022],{},"whether the value is really a list",[255,61024,61025],{},"how many items it has",[255,61027,26455,61028,61030,61031],{},[15,61029,25220],{}," does with ",[15,61032,36428],{},[30,61034,61036],{"id":61035},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,61038,61039],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,61041,61042],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[252,61044,61045,61060,61065],{},[255,61046,227,61047,2695,61051,17526,61055,61059],{},[625,61048,61049],{"href":57008},[15,61050,52891],{},[625,61052,61053],{"href":53583},[15,61054,53685],{},[625,61056,61057],{"href":54147},[15,61058,54507],{}," to add items later",[255,61061,227,61062,61064],{},[625,61063,59636],{"href":51217}," for a broader introduction",[255,61066,227,61067,61071],{},[625,61068,61069,60299],{"href":60296},[15,61070,25220],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[30,61073,2301],{"id":2300},[981,61075,61077],{"id":61076},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,61079,61080],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[35,61082,61083],{"className":37,"code":38529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,61084,61085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61086,61087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61088,38529],{"class":58},[981,61090,61092],{"id":61091},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,61094,61095],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[35,61097,61098],{"className":37,"code":55389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,61099,61100],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61101,61102,61104,61106,61108,61110,61112,61114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61103,896],{"class":58},[44,61105,1588],{"class":95},[44,61107,83],{"class":58},[44,61109,1717],{"class":95},[44,61111,83],{"class":58},[44,61113,2955],{"class":95},[44,61115,1153],{"class":58},[981,61117,5643,61119,61121],{"id":61118},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61120,25220],{}," do in Python?",[20,61123,61124,61125,61127],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61126,36428],{},", into a list.",[981,61129,61131],{"id":61130},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61133,61134],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[981,61136,2358,61138,976,61140,2363],{"id":61137},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61139,4291],{},[15,61141,7862],{},[20,61143,61144,61146,61147,61149],{},[15,61145,4291],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61148,7862],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[30,61151,2375],{"id":2374},[252,61153,61154,61158,61164,61170,61176,61182,61186],{},[255,61155,61156],{},[625,61157,59636],{"href":51217},[255,61159,61160],{},[625,61161,55759,61162,18],{"href":57008},[15,61163,52891],{},[255,61165,61166],{},[625,61167,55759,61168,18],{"href":53583},[15,61169,53685],{},[255,61171,61172],{},[625,61173,55759,61174,18],{"href":54147},[15,61175,54507],{},[255,61177,61178],{},[625,61179,4083,61180,4087],{"href":60296},[15,61181,25220],{},[255,61183,61184],{},[625,61185,59639],{"href":58734},[255,61187,61188],{},[625,61189,61190],{"href":12537},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61192,61193,61194,61196],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61195,52891],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2414,61198,61199],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":61201},[61202,61203,61204,61205,61208,61209,61215,61216,61226,61227,61236],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":15618,"depth":102,"text":15619},{"id":59531,"depth":102,"text":59532},{"id":59642,"depth":102,"text":59643,"children":61206},[61207],{"id":59844,"depth":132,"text":59845},{"id":59860,"depth":102,"text":59861},{"id":60057,"depth":102,"text":61210,"children":61211},"Create a list with list()",[61212,61213,61214],{"id":60082,"depth":132,"text":60083},{"id":60155,"depth":132,"text":60156},{"id":60220,"depth":132,"text":60221},{"id":60302,"depth":102,"text":60303},{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526,"children":61217},[61218,61219,61221,61223,61224,61225],{"id":60439,"depth":132,"text":60440},{"id":60498,"depth":132,"text":61220},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60618,"depth":132,"text":61222},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60839,"depth":132,"text":60840},{"id":60924,"depth":132,"text":60925},{"id":60950,"depth":132,"text":60951},{"id":61035,"depth":102,"text":61036},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":61228},[61229,61230,61231,61233,61234],{"id":61076,"depth":132,"text":61077},{"id":61091,"depth":132,"text":61092},{"id":61118,"depth":132,"text":61232},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61130,"depth":132,"text":61131},{"id":61137,"depth":132,"text":61235},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59273,"description":61237},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61244,"title":61245,"body":61246,"description":62987,"extension":2465,"meta":62988,"navigation":169,"path":62989,"seo":62990,"stem":62991,"__hash__":62992},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61247,"toc":62942},[61248,61253,61258,61261,61263,61334,61339,61344,61348,61362,61367,61369,61389,61394,61397,61420,61424,61429,61521,61523,61545,61551,61557,61564,61571,61577,61634,61640,61698,61700,61712,61720,61726,61731,61735,61792,61795,61799,61858,61861,61865,61923,61935,61939,61992,61995,61999,62005,62011,62073,62076,62137,62140,62196,62201,62203,62207,62214,62275,62280,62289,62345,62352,62356,62414,62423,62481,62485,62520,62524,62534,62537,62592,62606,62609,62724,62729,62733,62744,62746,62825,62835,62837,62842,62847,62854,62862,62868,62871,62877,62880,62886,62892,62894,62930,62939],[10,61249,54581,61251,18],{"id":61250},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61252,53685],{},[20,61254,61255,61257],{},[15,61256,53586],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61259,61260],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[30,61262,2507],{"id":2506},[35,61264,61266],{"className":37,"code":61265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61267,61268,61284,61301,61305,61320,61330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61269,61270,61272,61274,61276,61278,61280,61282],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61271,1551],{"class":50},[44,61273,55],{"class":54},[44,61275,1556],{"class":58},[44,61277,1588],{"class":95},[44,61279,83],{"class":58},[44,61281,1717],{"class":95},[44,61283,1153],{"class":58},[44,61285,61286,61289,61291,61293,61295,61297,61299],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61287,61288],{"class":50},"more_numbers ",[44,61290,55],{"class":54},[44,61292,1556],{"class":58},[44,61294,2567],{"class":95},[44,61296,83],{"class":58},[44,61298,2961],{"class":95},[44,61300,1153],{"class":58},[44,61302,61303],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,61304,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,61306,61307,61309,61311,61313,61315,61318],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,61308,1579],{"class":50},[44,61310,113],{"class":58},[44,61312,53715],{"class":116},[44,61314,120],{"class":58},[44,61316,61317],{"class":116},"more_numbers",[44,61319,129],{"class":58},[44,61321,61322,61324,61326,61328],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,61323,136],{"class":135},[44,61325,120],{"class":58},[44,61327,1579],{"class":116},[44,61329,129],{"class":58},[44,61331,61332],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,61333,52962],{"class":147},[20,61335,227,61336,61338],{},[15,61337,53685],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[30,61340,243,61342,246],{"id":61341},"what-listextend-does",[15,61343,53586],{},[20,61345,61346,72],{},[15,61347,53685],{},[252,61349,61350,61353,61355,61358],{},[255,61351,61352],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[255,61354,54667],{},[255,61356,61357],{},"Does not create a new list",[255,61359,11901,61360],{},[15,61361,4282],{},[20,61363,61364,61365,54040],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61366,53685],{},[30,61368,392],{"id":391},[35,61370,61372],{"className":37,"code":61371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61373,61374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61375,61376,61379,61381,61383,61385,61387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61377,61378],{"class":50},"list_name",[44,61380,113],{"class":58},[44,61382,53715],{"class":116},[44,61384,120],{"class":58},[44,61386,4224],{"class":116},[44,61388,129],{"class":58},[20,61390,5953,61391,61393],{},[590,61392,4224],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61395,61396],{},"Common iterables include:",[252,61398,61399,61403,61407,61411,61416],{},[255,61400,61401],{},[15,61402,8588],{},[255,61404,61405],{},[15,61406,49190],{},[255,61408,61409],{},[15,61410,6788],{},[255,61412,61413],{},[15,61414,61415],{},"string",[255,61417,61418],{},[15,61419,60239],{},[30,61421,61423],{"id":61422},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61425,61426,61427,72],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61428,53685],{},[35,61430,61432],{"className":37,"code":61431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61433,61434,61458,61483,61487,61502,61506,61516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61435,61436,61438,61440,61442,61444,61446,61448,61450,61452,61454,61456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61437,36469],{"class":50},[44,61439,55],{"class":54},[44,61441,1556],{"class":58},[44,61443,63],{"class":62},[44,61445,4582],{"class":66},[44,61447,63],{"class":62},[44,61449,83],{"class":58},[44,61451,75],{"class":62},[44,61453,4591],{"class":66},[44,61455,63],{"class":62},[44,61457,1153],{"class":58},[44,61459,61460,61463,61465,61467,61469,61471,61473,61475,61477,61479,61481],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61461,61462],{"class":50},"more_fruits ",[44,61464,55],{"class":54},[44,61466,1556],{"class":58},[44,61468,63],{"class":62},[44,61470,33447],{"class":66},[44,61472,63],{"class":62},[44,61474,83],{"class":58},[44,61476,75],{"class":62},[44,61478,22971],{"class":66},[44,61480,63],{"class":62},[44,61482,1153],{"class":58},[44,61484,61485],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,61486,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,61488,61489,61491,61493,61495,61497,61500],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,61490,36521],{"class":50},[44,61492,113],{"class":58},[44,61494,53715],{"class":116},[44,61496,120],{"class":58},[44,61498,61499],{"class":116},"more_fruits",[44,61501,129],{"class":58},[44,61503,61504],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,61505,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,61507,61508,61510,61512,61514],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,61509,136],{"class":135},[44,61511,120],{"class":58},[44,61513,36521],{"class":116},[44,61515,129],{"class":58},[44,61517,61518],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,61519,61520],{"class":147},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61522,12158],{},[252,61524,61525,61530,61535],{},[255,61526,61527,61529],{},[15,61528,36521],{}," starts with two items",[255,61531,61532,61534],{},[15,61533,61499],{}," has two more items",[255,61536,61537,61539,61540,61542,61543],{},[15,61538,53685],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61541,61499],{}," to ",[15,61544,36521],{},[20,61546,61547,61548,61550],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61549,36521],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61552,54806,61553,976,61555,113],{},[625,61554,53010],{"href":51217},[625,61556,57394],{"href":57393},[30,61558,61560,967,61562],{"id":61559},"extend-vs-append",[15,61561,53685],{},[15,61563,52891],{},[20,61565,61566,976,61568,61570],{},[15,61567,53685],{},[15,61569,52891],{}," are often confused.",[981,61572,61574,61576],{"id":61573},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61575,53685],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[35,61578,61580],{"className":37,"code":61579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61581,61582,61598,61616,61620,61630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61583,61584,61586,61588,61590,61592,61594,61596],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61585,1551],{"class":50},[44,61587,55],{"class":54},[44,61589,1556],{"class":58},[44,61591,1588],{"class":95},[44,61593,83],{"class":58},[44,61595,1717],{"class":95},[44,61597,1153],{"class":58},[44,61599,61600,61602,61604,61606,61608,61610,61612,61614],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61601,1579],{"class":50},[44,61603,113],{"class":58},[44,61605,53715],{"class":116},[44,61607,3492],{"class":58},[44,61609,2567],{"class":95},[44,61611,83],{"class":58},[44,61613,2961],{"class":95},[44,61615,4391],{"class":58},[44,61617,61618],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,61619,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,61621,61622,61624,61626,61628],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,61623,136],{"class":135},[44,61625,120],{"class":58},[44,61627,1579],{"class":116},[44,61629,129],{"class":58},[44,61631,61632],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,61633,52962],{"class":147},[981,61635,61637,61639],{"id":61636},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61638,52891],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[35,61641,61643],{"className":37,"code":61642,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61644,61645,61661,61679,61683,61693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61646,61647,61649,61651,61653,61655,61657,61659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61648,1551],{"class":50},[44,61650,55],{"class":54},[44,61652,1556],{"class":58},[44,61654,1588],{"class":95},[44,61656,83],{"class":58},[44,61658,1717],{"class":95},[44,61660,1153],{"class":58},[44,61662,61663,61665,61667,61669,61671,61673,61675,61677],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61664,1579],{"class":50},[44,61666,113],{"class":58},[44,61668,14012],{"class":116},[44,61670,3492],{"class":58},[44,61672,2567],{"class":95},[44,61674,83],{"class":58},[44,61676,2961],{"class":95},[44,61678,4391],{"class":58},[44,61680,61681],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,61682,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,61684,61685,61687,61689,61691],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,61686,136],{"class":135},[44,61688,120],{"class":58},[44,61690,1579],{"class":116},[44,61692,129],{"class":58},[44,61694,61695],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,61696,61697],{"class":147},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61699,19144],{},[252,61701,61702,61707],{},[255,61703,61704,61706],{},[15,61705,53685],{}," to combine values",[255,61708,61709,61711],{},[15,61710,52891],{}," to add one item",[20,61713,42327,61714,976,61718,113],{},[625,61715,55759,61716,11221],{"href":57008},[15,61717,52891],{},[625,61719,53288],{"href":53287},[30,61721,1785,61723,61725],{"id":61722},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61724,53685],{}," with different iterables",[20,61727,61728,61730],{},[15,61729,53685],{}," works with more than just lists.",[981,61732,61734],{"id":61733},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[35,61736,61738],{"className":37,"code":61737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61739,61740,61756,61774,61778,61788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61741,61742,61744,61746,61748,61750,61752,61754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61743,4327],{"class":50},[44,61745,55],{"class":54},[44,61747,1556],{"class":58},[44,61749,1588],{"class":95},[44,61751,83],{"class":58},[44,61753,1717],{"class":95},[44,61755,1153],{"class":58},[44,61757,61758,61760,61762,61764,61766,61768,61770,61772],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61759,5860],{"class":50},[44,61761,113],{"class":58},[44,61763,53715],{"class":116},[44,61765,6011],{"class":58},[44,61767,2567],{"class":95},[44,61769,83],{"class":58},[44,61771,2961],{"class":95},[44,61773,2239],{"class":58},[44,61775,61776],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,61777,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,61779,61780,61782,61784,61786],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,61781,136],{"class":135},[44,61783,120],{"class":58},[44,61785,5860],{"class":116},[44,61787,129],{"class":58},[44,61789,61790],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,61791,52962],{"class":147},[20,61793,61794],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[981,61796,61798],{"id":61797},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[35,61800,61802],{"className":37,"code":61801,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61803,61804,61820,61839,61843,61853],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61805,61806,61808,61810,61812,61814,61816,61818],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61807,36320],{"class":50},[44,61809,55],{"class":54},[44,61811,1556],{"class":58},[44,61813,63],{"class":62},[44,61815,625],{"class":66},[44,61817,63],{"class":62},[44,61819,1153],{"class":58},[44,61821,61822,61824,61826,61828,61830,61832,61835,61837],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61823,36373],{"class":50},[44,61825,113],{"class":58},[44,61827,53715],{"class":116},[44,61829,120],{"class":58},[44,61831,63],{"class":62},[44,61833,61834],{"class":66},"bc",[44,61836,63],{"class":62},[44,61838,129],{"class":58},[44,61840,61841],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,61842,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,61844,61845,61847,61849,61851],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,61846,136],{"class":135},[44,61848,120],{"class":58},[44,61850,36373],{"class":116},[44,61852,129],{"class":58},[44,61854,61855],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,61856,61857],{"class":147},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61859,61860],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[981,61862,61864],{"id":61863},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[35,61866,61868],{"className":37,"code":61867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61869,61870,61882,61904,61908,61918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61871,61872,61874,61876,61878,61880],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61873,1551],{"class":50},[44,61875,55],{"class":54},[44,61877,1556],{"class":58},[44,61879,2626],{"class":95},[44,61881,1153],{"class":58},[44,61883,61884,61886,61888,61890,61892,61894,61896,61898,61900,61902],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61885,1579],{"class":50},[44,61887,113],{"class":58},[44,61889,53715],{"class":116},[44,61891,120],{"class":58},[44,61893,60239],{"class":135},[44,61895,120],{"class":58},[44,61897,1588],{"class":95},[44,61899,83],{"class":58},[44,61901,2961],{"class":95},[44,61903,2239],{"class":58},[44,61905,61906],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,61907,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,61909,61910,61912,61914,61916],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,61911,136],{"class":135},[44,61913,120],{"class":58},[44,61915,1579],{"class":116},[44,61917,129],{"class":58},[44,61919,61920],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,61921,61922],{"class":147},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61924,61925,61928,61929,2695,61931,17526,61933,113],{},[15,61926,61927],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61930,1588],{},[15,61932,2561],{},[15,61934,2567],{},[981,61936,61938],{"id":61937},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[35,61940,61942],{"className":37,"code":61941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61943,61944,61960,61978,61982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61945,61946,61948,61950,61952,61954,61956,61958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61947,8276],{"class":50},[44,61949,55],{"class":54},[44,61951,1556],{"class":58},[44,61953,1588],{"class":95},[44,61955,83],{"class":58},[44,61957,1717],{"class":95},[44,61959,1153],{"class":58},[44,61961,61962,61964,61966,61968,61970,61972,61974,61976],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61963,8305],{"class":50},[44,61965,113],{"class":58},[44,61967,53715],{"class":116},[44,61969,6030],{"class":58},[44,61971,2567],{"class":95},[44,61973,83],{"class":58},[44,61975,2961],{"class":95},[44,61977,30721],{"class":58},[44,61979,61980],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,61981,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,61983,61984,61986,61988,61990],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,61985,136],{"class":135},[44,61987,120],{"class":58},[44,61989,8305],{"class":116},[44,61991,129],{"class":58},[20,61993,61994],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[30,61996,61998],{"id":61997},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,62000,62001,2901,62003,113],{},[15,62002,53685],{},[15,62004,4282],{},[20,62006,62007,62008,72],{},"That means this is ",[590,62009,62010],{},"wrong",[35,62012,62014],{"className":37,"code":62013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,62015,62016,62032,62054,62058,62068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62017,62018,62020,62022,62024,62026,62028,62030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62019,1551],{"class":50},[44,62021,55],{"class":54},[44,62023,1556],{"class":58},[44,62025,1588],{"class":95},[44,62027,83],{"class":58},[44,62029,1717],{"class":95},[44,62031,1153],{"class":58},[44,62033,62034,62036,62038,62040,62042,62044,62046,62048,62050,62052],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62035,1953],{"class":50},[44,62037,55],{"class":54},[44,62039,4767],{"class":50},[44,62041,113],{"class":58},[44,62043,53715],{"class":116},[44,62045,3492],{"class":58},[44,62047,2567],{"class":95},[44,62049,83],{"class":58},[44,62051,2961],{"class":95},[44,62053,4391],{"class":58},[44,62055,62056],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,62057,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,62059,62060,62062,62064,62066],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,62061,136],{"class":135},[44,62063,120],{"class":58},[44,62065,1984],{"class":116},[44,62067,129],{"class":58},[44,62069,62070],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,62071,62072],{"class":147},"# None\n",[20,62074,62075],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[35,62077,62079],{"className":37,"code":62078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62080,62081,62097,62119,62123,62133],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62082,62083,62085,62087,62089,62091,62093,62095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62084,1551],{"class":50},[44,62086,55],{"class":54},[44,62088,1556],{"class":58},[44,62090,1588],{"class":95},[44,62092,83],{"class":58},[44,62094,1717],{"class":95},[44,62096,1153],{"class":58},[44,62098,62099,62101,62103,62105,62107,62109,62111,62113,62115,62117],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62100,1551],{"class":50},[44,62102,55],{"class":54},[44,62104,4767],{"class":50},[44,62106,113],{"class":58},[44,62108,53715],{"class":116},[44,62110,3492],{"class":58},[44,62112,2567],{"class":95},[44,62114,83],{"class":58},[44,62116,2961],{"class":95},[44,62118,4391],{"class":58},[44,62120,62121],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,62122,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,62124,62125,62127,62129,62131],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,62126,136],{"class":135},[44,62128,120],{"class":58},[44,62130,1579],{"class":116},[44,62132,129],{"class":58},[44,62134,62135],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,62136,62072],{"class":147},[20,62138,62139],{},"The correct way is:",[35,62141,62142],{"className":37,"code":61579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62143,62144,62160,62178,62182,62192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62145,62146,62148,62150,62152,62154,62156,62158],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62147,1551],{"class":50},[44,62149,55],{"class":54},[44,62151,1556],{"class":58},[44,62153,1588],{"class":95},[44,62155,83],{"class":58},[44,62157,1717],{"class":95},[44,62159,1153],{"class":58},[44,62161,62162,62164,62166,62168,62170,62172,62174,62176],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62163,1579],{"class":50},[44,62165,113],{"class":58},[44,62167,53715],{"class":116},[44,62169,3492],{"class":58},[44,62171,2567],{"class":95},[44,62173,83],{"class":58},[44,62175,2961],{"class":95},[44,62177,4391],{"class":58},[44,62179,62180],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,62181,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,62183,62184,62186,62188,62190],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,62185,136],{"class":135},[44,62187,120],{"class":58},[44,62189,1579],{"class":116},[44,62191,129],{"class":58},[44,62193,62194],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,62195,52962],{"class":147},[20,62197,56148,62198,62200],{},[15,62199,53685],{}," first, then use the original list.",[30,62202,1526],{"id":1525},[20,62204,15191,62205,113],{},[15,62206,53685],{},[981,62208,62210,62211,62213],{"id":62209},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62212,53685],{}," to return a new list",[35,62215,62217],{"className":37,"code":62216,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62218,62219,62235,62257,62261,62271],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62220,62221,62223,62225,62227,62229,62231,62233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62222,1551],{"class":50},[44,62224,55],{"class":54},[44,62226,1556],{"class":58},[44,62228,1588],{"class":95},[44,62230,83],{"class":58},[44,62232,1717],{"class":95},[44,62234,1153],{"class":58},[44,62236,62237,62239,62241,62243,62245,62247,62249,62251,62253,62255],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62238,55881],{"class":50},[44,62240,55],{"class":54},[44,62242,4767],{"class":50},[44,62244,113],{"class":58},[44,62246,53715],{"class":116},[44,62248,3492],{"class":58},[44,62250,2567],{"class":95},[44,62252,83],{"class":58},[44,62254,2961],{"class":95},[44,62256,4391],{"class":58},[44,62258,62259],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,62260,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,62262,62263,62265,62267,62269],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,62264,136],{"class":135},[44,62266,120],{"class":58},[44,62268,55900],{"class":116},[44,62270,129],{"class":58},[44,62272,62273],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,62274,62072],{"class":147},[20,62276,62277,62278,113],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62279,53685],{},[981,62281,62283,62284,44865,62286,62288],{"id":62282},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62285,52891],{},[15,62287,53685],{}," is needed",[35,62290,62291],{"className":37,"code":61642,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62292,62293,62309,62327,62331,62341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62294,62295,62297,62299,62301,62303,62305,62307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62296,1551],{"class":50},[44,62298,55],{"class":54},[44,62300,1556],{"class":58},[44,62302,1588],{"class":95},[44,62304,83],{"class":58},[44,62306,1717],{"class":95},[44,62308,1153],{"class":58},[44,62310,62311,62313,62315,62317,62319,62321,62323,62325],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62312,1579],{"class":50},[44,62314,113],{"class":58},[44,62316,14012],{"class":116},[44,62318,3492],{"class":58},[44,62320,2567],{"class":95},[44,62322,83],{"class":58},[44,62324,2961],{"class":95},[44,62326,4391],{"class":58},[44,62328,62329],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,62330,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,62332,62333,62335,62337,62339],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,62334,136],{"class":135},[44,62336,120],{"class":58},[44,62338,1579],{"class":116},[44,62340,129],{"class":58},[44,62342,62343],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,62344,61697],{"class":147},[20,62346,62347,62348,54130,62350,765],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62349,54129],{},[15,62351,53685],{},[981,62353,62355],{"id":62354},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[35,62357,62359],{"className":37,"code":62358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62360,62361,62377,62395,62399,62409],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62362,62363,62365,62367,62369,62371,62373,62375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62364,4573],{"class":50},[44,62366,55],{"class":54},[44,62368,1556],{"class":58},[44,62370,63],{"class":62},[44,62372,4349],{"class":66},[44,62374,63],{"class":62},[44,62376,1153],{"class":58},[44,62378,62379,62381,62383,62385,62387,62389,62391,62393],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62380,4617],{"class":50},[44,62382,113],{"class":58},[44,62384,53715],{"class":116},[44,62386,120],{"class":58},[44,62388,63],{"class":62},[44,62390,60832],{"class":66},[44,62392,63],{"class":62},[44,62394,129],{"class":58},[44,62396,62397],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,62398,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,62400,62401,62403,62405,62407],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,62402,136],{"class":135},[44,62404,120],{"class":58},[44,62406,4617],{"class":116},[44,62408,129],{"class":58},[44,62410,62411],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,62412,62413],{"class":147},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62415,62416,62417,62420,62421,72],{},"If you want ",[15,62418,62419],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62422,52891],{},[35,62424,62426],{"className":37,"code":62425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62427,62428,62444,62462,62466,62476],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62429,62430,62432,62434,62436,62438,62440,62442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62431,4573],{"class":50},[44,62433,55],{"class":54},[44,62435,1556],{"class":58},[44,62437,63],{"class":62},[44,62439,4349],{"class":66},[44,62441,63],{"class":62},[44,62443,1153],{"class":58},[44,62445,62446,62448,62450,62452,62454,62456,62458,62460],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62447,4617],{"class":50},[44,62449,113],{"class":58},[44,62451,14012],{"class":116},[44,62453,120],{"class":58},[44,62455,63],{"class":62},[44,62457,60832],{"class":66},[44,62459,63],{"class":62},[44,62461,129],{"class":58},[44,62463,62464],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,62465,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,62467,62468,62470,62472,62474],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,62469,136],{"class":135},[44,62471,120],{"class":58},[44,62473,4617],{"class":116},[44,62475,129],{"class":58},[44,62477,62478],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,62479,62480],{"class":147},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[981,62482,62484],{"id":62483},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[35,62486,62488],{"className":37,"code":62487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62489,62490,62506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62491,62492,62494,62496,62498,62500,62502,62504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62493,1551],{"class":50},[44,62495,55],{"class":54},[44,62497,1556],{"class":58},[44,62499,1588],{"class":95},[44,62501,83],{"class":58},[44,62503,1717],{"class":95},[44,62505,1153],{"class":58},[44,62507,62508,62510,62512,62514,62516,62518],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62509,1579],{"class":50},[44,62511,113],{"class":58},[44,62513,53715],{"class":116},[44,62515,120],{"class":58},[44,62517,2643],{"class":95},[44,62519,129],{"class":58},[20,62521,39886,62522,7050],{},[15,62523,2643],{},[20,62525,62526,62527,62529,62530,62533],{},"You will get a ",[15,62528,3511],{},". See ",[625,62531,62532],{"href":52838},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62535,62536],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[35,62538,62540],{"className":37,"code":62539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62541,62542,62552,62566,62578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62543,62544,62546,62548,62550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62545,136],{"class":135},[44,62547,120],{"class":58},[44,62549,8834],{"class":116},[44,62551,129],{"class":58},[44,62553,62554,62556,62558,62560,62562,62564],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62555,136],{"class":135},[44,62557,120],{"class":58},[44,62559,2249],{"class":2248},[44,62561,120],{"class":58},[44,62563,5860],{"class":116},[44,62565,2239],{"class":58},[44,62567,62568,62570,62572,62574,62576],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,62569,136],{"class":135},[44,62571,120],{"class":58},[44,62573,1984],{"class":116},[44,62575,144],{"class":58},[44,62577,129],{"class":50},[44,62579,62580,62582,62584,62586,62588,62590],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,62581,32378],{"class":135},[44,62583,120],{"class":58},[44,62585,8588],{"class":2248},[44,62587,113],{"class":58},[44,62589,53715],{"class":25189},[44,62591,129],{"class":58},[43815,62593,62594],{},[20,62595,62596,62597,62600,62601,62603,62604,113],{},"Note: ",[15,62598,62599],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62602,144],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62605,33253],{},[20,62607,62608],{},"Correct debugging example:",[35,62610,62612],{"className":37,"code":62611,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62613,62614,62630,62646,62650,62664,62668,62676,62686,62700,62710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62615,62616,62618,62620,62622,62624,62626,62628],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62617,8803],{"class":50},[44,62619,55],{"class":54},[44,62621,1556],{"class":58},[44,62623,1588],{"class":95},[44,62625,83],{"class":58},[44,62627,1717],{"class":95},[44,62629,1153],{"class":58},[44,62631,62632,62634,62636,62638,62640,62642,62644],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62633,4327],{"class":50},[44,62635,55],{"class":54},[44,62637,1556],{"class":58},[44,62639,2567],{"class":95},[44,62641,83],{"class":58},[44,62643,2961],{"class":95},[44,62645,1153],{"class":58},[44,62647,62648],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,62649,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,62651,62652,62654,62656,62658,62660,62662],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,62653,8834],{"class":50},[44,62655,113],{"class":58},[44,62657,53715],{"class":116},[44,62659,120],{"class":58},[44,62661,5860],{"class":116},[44,62663,129],{"class":58},[44,62665,62666],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,62667,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,62669,62670,62672,62674],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,62671,1953],{"class":50},[44,62673,55],{"class":54},[44,62675,48764],{"class":1266},[44,62677,62678,62680,62682,62684],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,62679,136],{"class":135},[44,62681,120],{"class":58},[44,62683,8834],{"class":116},[44,62685,129],{"class":58},[44,62687,62688,62690,62692,62694,62696,62698],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,62689,136],{"class":135},[44,62691,120],{"class":58},[44,62693,2249],{"class":2248},[44,62695,120],{"class":58},[44,62697,5860],{"class":116},[44,62699,2239],{"class":58},[44,62701,62702,62704,62706,62708],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,62703,136],{"class":135},[44,62705,120],{"class":58},[44,62707,1984],{"class":116},[44,62709,129],{"class":58},[44,62711,62712,62714,62716,62718,62720,62722],{"class":46,"line":6935},[44,62713,32378],{"class":135},[44,62715,120],{"class":58},[44,62717,8588],{"class":2248},[44,62719,113],{"class":58},[44,62721,53715],{"class":25189},[44,62723,129],{"class":58},[30,62725,769,62727],{"id":62726},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62728,53685],{},[20,62730,227,62731,6819],{},[15,62732,53685],{},[252,62734,62735,62738,62741],{},[255,62736,62737],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[255,62739,62740],{},"Add multiple values at once",[255,62742,62743],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62745,5973],{},[35,62747,62749],{"className":37,"code":62748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62750,62751,62768,62786,62790,62806,62810,62820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62752,62753,62756,62758,62760,62762,62764,62766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62754,62755],{"class":50},"all_scores ",[44,62757,55],{"class":54},[44,62759,1556],{"class":58},[44,62761,13962],{"class":95},[44,62763,83],{"class":58},[44,62765,502],{"class":95},[44,62767,1153],{"class":58},[44,62769,62770,62773,62775,62777,62779,62781,62784],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62771,62772],{"class":50},"new_scores ",[44,62774,55],{"class":54},[44,62776,1556],{"class":58},[44,62778,51743],{"class":95},[44,62780,83],{"class":58},[44,62782,62783],{"class":95}," 92",[44,62785,1153],{"class":58},[44,62787,62788],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,62789,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,62791,62792,62795,62797,62799,62801,62804],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,62793,62794],{"class":50},"all_scores",[44,62796,113],{"class":58},[44,62798,53715],{"class":116},[44,62800,120],{"class":58},[44,62802,62803],{"class":116},"new_scores",[44,62805,129],{"class":58},[44,62807,62808],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,62809,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,62811,62812,62814,62816,62818],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,62813,136],{"class":135},[44,62815,120],{"class":58},[44,62817,62794],{"class":116},[44,62819,129],{"class":58},[44,62821,62822],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,62823,62824],{"class":147},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62826,62827,62828,62830,62831,113],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62829,52891],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[625,62832,55759,62833,11221],{"href":54147},[15,62834,54507],{},[30,62836,2301],{"id":2300},[981,62838,2329,62840,55708],{"id":62839},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62841,53586],{},[20,62843,62844,62845,113],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62846,4282],{},[981,62848,2358,62850,976,62852,2363],{"id":62849},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62851,53685],{},[15,62853,52891],{},[20,62855,62856,62858,62859,62861],{},[15,62857,53685],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62860,52891],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[981,62863,2339,62865,62867],{"id":62864},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62866,53685],{}," with a string?",[20,62869,62870],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[981,62872,2339,62874,62876],{"id":62873},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62875,53685],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62878,62879],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[981,62881,62883,62884,2363],{"id":62882},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62885,53685],{},[20,62887,62888,62889,62891],{},"You get a ",[15,62890,3511],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[30,62893,2375],{"id":2374},[252,62895,62896,62902,62906,62910,62914,62920,62924],{},[255,62897,62898],{},[625,62899,55759,62900,11221],{"href":57008},[15,62901,52891],{},[255,62903,62904],{},[625,62905,54517],{"href":53287},[255,62907,62908],{},[625,62909,57468],{"href":57393},[255,62911,62912],{},[625,62913,53010],{"href":51217},[255,62915,62916],{},[625,62917,55759,62918,11221],{"href":54147},[15,62919,54507],{},[255,62921,62922],{},[625,62923,62532],{"href":52838},[255,62925,62926],{},[625,62927,55759,62928,11221],{"href":55199},[15,62929,13241],{},[20,62931,62932,62933,62935,62936,62938],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62934,52891],{},", when to use ",[15,62937,54507],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2414,62940,62941],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":62943},[62944,62945,62947,62948,62949,62956,62963,62964,62972,62974,62986],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":61341,"depth":102,"text":62946},"What list.extend() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":61422,"depth":102,"text":61423},{"id":61559,"depth":102,"text":62950,"children":62951},"extend() vs append()",[62952,62954],{"id":61573,"depth":132,"text":62953},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61636,"depth":132,"text":62955},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61722,"depth":102,"text":62957,"children":62958},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62959,62960,62961,62962],{"id":61733,"depth":132,"text":61734},{"id":61797,"depth":132,"text":61798},{"id":61863,"depth":132,"text":61864},{"id":61937,"depth":132,"text":61938},{"id":61997,"depth":102,"text":61998},{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526,"children":62965},[62966,62968,62970,62971],{"id":62209,"depth":132,"text":62967},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62282,"depth":132,"text":62969},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62354,"depth":132,"text":62355},{"id":62483,"depth":132,"text":62484},{"id":62726,"depth":102,"text":62973},"When to use extend()",{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":62975},[62976,62978,62980,62982,62984],{"id":62839,"depth":132,"text":62977},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62849,"depth":132,"text":62979},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62864,"depth":132,"text":62981},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62873,"depth":132,"text":62983},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62882,"depth":132,"text":62985},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61245,"description":62987},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62994,"title":62995,"body":62996,"description":65087,"extension":2465,"meta":65088,"navigation":169,"path":65089,"seo":65090,"stem":65091,"__hash__":65092},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62997,"toc":65050},[62998,63001,63006,63012,63023,63029,63031,63100,63102,63151,63159,63163,63168,63171,63182,63187,63189,63191,63212,63225,63228,63241,63243,63248,63273,63275,63283,63286,63355,63357,63381,63387,63391,63395,63431,63433,63453,63460,63464,63497,63499,63533,63538,63542,63575,63577,63605,63613,63617,63654,63656,63677,63680,63684,63753,63755,63779,63785,63792,63796,63799,63801,63815,63818,63842,63844,63869,63872,63891,63893,63919,63928,63932,63939,64016,64018,64059,64065,64071,64162,64164,64220,64223,64228,64232,64237,64241,64300,64302,64327,64331,64394,64396,64421,64425,64488,64490,64533,64536,64540,64544,64566,64570,64652,64654,64689,64697,64699,64703,64707,64709,64736,64741,64743,64770,64777,64780,64803,64805,64854,64857,64860,64879,64883,64886,64937,64940,64946,64950,64955,64958,64960,64966,64975,64979,64985,64989,64992,64996,64999,65003,65009,65011,65047],[10,62999,62995],{"id":63000},"python-list-function-explained",[20,63002,9616,63003,63005],{},[15,63004,25220],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,63007,63008,63009,63011],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,63010,25220],{}," for two main reasons:",[252,63013,63014,63017],{},[255,63015,63016],{},"to make an empty list",[255,63018,63019,63020,63022],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63021,60239],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,63024,63025,63026,63028],{},"This page explains how ",[15,63027,25220],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[30,63030,2507],{"id":2506},[35,63032,63034],{"className":37,"code":63033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63035,63036,63058,63076,63080,63090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63037,63038,63040,63042,63044,63046,63048,63050,63052,63054,63056],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63039,1551],{"class":50},[44,63041,55],{"class":54},[44,63043,22998],{"class":2248},[44,63045,6011],{"class":58},[44,63047,1588],{"class":95},[44,63049,83],{"class":58},[44,63051,1717],{"class":95},[44,63053,83],{"class":58},[44,63055,2955],{"class":95},[44,63057,2239],{"class":58},[44,63059,63060,63062,63064,63066,63068,63070,63072,63074],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63061,36320],{"class":50},[44,63063,55],{"class":54},[44,63065,22998],{"class":2248},[44,63067,120],{"class":58},[44,63069,63],{"class":62},[44,63071,41794],{"class":66},[44,63073,63],{"class":62},[44,63075,129],{"class":58},[44,63077,63078],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,63079,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,63081,63082,63084,63086,63088],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,63083,136],{"class":135},[44,63085,120],{"class":58},[44,63087,1579],{"class":116},[44,63089,129],{"class":58},[44,63091,63092,63094,63096,63098],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,63093,136],{"class":135},[44,63095,120],{"class":58},[44,63097,36373],{"class":116},[44,63099,129],{"class":58},[20,63101,2576],{},[35,63103,63105],{"className":37,"code":63104,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,63106,63107,63123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63108,63109,63111,63113,63115,63117,63119,63121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63110,896],{"class":58},[44,63112,1588],{"class":95},[44,63114,83],{"class":58},[44,63116,1717],{"class":95},[44,63118,83],{"class":58},[44,63120,2955],{"class":95},[44,63122,1153],{"class":58},[44,63124,63125,63127,63129,63131,63133,63135,63137,63139,63141,63143,63145,63147,63149],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63126,896],{"class":58},[44,63128,2197],{"class":62},[44,63130,625],{"class":66},[44,63132,2197],{"class":62},[44,63134,83],{"class":58},[44,63136,2232],{"class":62},[44,63138,639],{"class":66},[44,63140,2197],{"class":62},[44,63142,83],{"class":58},[44,63144,2232],{"class":62},[44,63146,696],{"class":66},[44,63148,2197],{"class":62},[44,63150,1153],{"class":58},[20,63152,227,63153,63155,63156,63158],{},[15,63154,25220],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63157,60239],{},", set, or dictionary.",[30,63160,63162],{"id":63161},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63164,63165,63167],{},[15,63166,25220],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63169,63170],{},"It can:",[252,63172,63173,63176,63179],{},[255,63174,63175],{},"create a new list object",[255,63177,63178],{},"make an empty list",[255,63180,63181],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63183,63184,63185,113],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[625,63186,53010],{"href":51217},[30,63188,392],{"id":391},[20,63190,395],{},[35,63192,63194],{"className":37,"code":63193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63195,63196,63202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63197,63198,63200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63199,8588],{"class":2248},[44,63201,9138],{"class":58},[44,63203,63204,63206,63208,63210],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63205,8588],{"class":2248},[44,63207,120],{"class":58},[44,63209,4224],{"class":116},[44,63211,129],{"class":58},[252,63213,63214,63219],{},[255,63215,63216,63218],{},[15,63217,25220],{}," makes an empty list",[255,63220,63221,63224],{},[15,63222,63223],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63226,63227],{},"Common iterable values include:",[252,63229,63230,63232,63234,63236,63239],{},[255,63231,5810],{},[255,63233,5804],{},[255,63235,5807],{},[255,63237,63238],{},"ranges",[255,63240,7747],{},[30,63242,59861],{"id":59860},[20,63244,227,63245,63247],{},[15,63246,25220],{}," with no arguments:",[35,63249,63251],{"className":37,"code":63250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63252,63253,63263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63254,63255,63257,63259,63261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63256,8276],{"class":50},[44,63258,55],{"class":54},[44,63260,22998],{"class":2248},[44,63262,9138],{"class":58},[44,63264,63265,63267,63269,63271],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63266,136],{"class":135},[44,63268,120],{"class":58},[44,63270,8305],{"class":116},[44,63272,129],{"class":58},[20,63274,2576],{},[35,63276,63277],{"className":37,"code":38529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63278,63279],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63280,63281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63282,38529],{"class":58},[20,63284,63285],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[35,63287,63289],{"className":37,"code":63288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63290,63291,63301,63305,63323,63341,63345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63292,63293,63295,63297,63299],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63294,8276],{"class":50},[44,63296,55],{"class":54},[44,63298,22998],{"class":2248},[44,63300,9138],{"class":58},[44,63302,63303],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63304,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,63306,63307,63309,63311,63313,63315,63317,63319,63321],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,63308,8305],{"class":50},[44,63310,113],{"class":58},[44,63312,14012],{"class":116},[44,63314,120],{"class":58},[44,63316,63],{"class":62},[44,63318,4582],{"class":66},[44,63320,63],{"class":62},[44,63322,129],{"class":58},[44,63324,63325,63327,63329,63331,63333,63335,63337,63339],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,63326,8305],{"class":50},[44,63328,113],{"class":58},[44,63330,14012],{"class":116},[44,63332,120],{"class":58},[44,63334,63],{"class":62},[44,63336,4591],{"class":66},[44,63338,63],{"class":62},[44,63340,129],{"class":58},[44,63342,63343],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,63344,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,63346,63347,63349,63351,63353],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,63348,136],{"class":135},[44,63350,120],{"class":58},[44,63352,8305],{"class":116},[44,63354,129],{"class":58},[20,63356,2576],{},[35,63358,63359],{"className":37,"code":38655,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63360,63361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63362,63363,63365,63367,63369,63371,63373,63375,63377,63379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63364,896],{"class":58},[44,63366,2197],{"class":62},[44,63368,4582],{"class":66},[44,63370,2197],{"class":62},[44,63372,83],{"class":58},[44,63374,2232],{"class":62},[44,63376,4591],{"class":66},[44,63378,2197],{"class":62},[44,63380,1153],{"class":58},[20,63382,63383,63384,63386],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63385,4291],{},". Both are valid.",[30,63388,63390],{"id":63389},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[981,63392,63394],{"id":63393},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[35,63396,63397],{"className":37,"code":60159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63398,63399,63421],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63400,63401,63403,63405,63407,63409,63411,63413,63415,63417,63419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63402,1551],{"class":50},[44,63404,55],{"class":54},[44,63406,22998],{"class":2248},[44,63408,6011],{"class":58},[44,63410,1588],{"class":95},[44,63412,83],{"class":58},[44,63414,1717],{"class":95},[44,63416,83],{"class":58},[44,63418,2955],{"class":95},[44,63420,2239],{"class":58},[44,63422,63423,63425,63427,63429],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63424,136],{"class":135},[44,63426,120],{"class":58},[44,63428,1579],{"class":116},[44,63430,129],{"class":58},[20,63432,2576],{},[35,63434,63435],{"className":37,"code":55389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63436,63437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63438,63439,63441,63443,63445,63447,63449,63451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63440,896],{"class":58},[44,63442,1588],{"class":95},[44,63444,83],{"class":58},[44,63446,1717],{"class":95},[44,63448,83],{"class":58},[44,63450,2955],{"class":95},[44,63452,1153],{"class":58},[20,63454,63455,63456,113],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[625,63457,63459],{"href":63458},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[981,63461,63463],{"id":63462},"string-to-list","String to list",[35,63465,63467],{"className":37,"code":63466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63468,63469,63487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63470,63471,63473,63475,63477,63479,63481,63483,63485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63472,36320],{"class":50},[44,63474,55],{"class":54},[44,63476,22998],{"class":2248},[44,63478,120],{"class":58},[44,63480,63],{"class":62},[44,63482,37278],{"class":66},[44,63484,63],{"class":62},[44,63486,129],{"class":58},[44,63488,63489,63491,63493,63495],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63490,136],{"class":135},[44,63492,120],{"class":58},[44,63494,36373],{"class":116},[44,63496,129],{"class":58},[20,63498,2576],{},[35,63500,63502],{"className":37,"code":63501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63503,63504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63505,63506,63508,63510,63512,63514,63516,63518,63520,63522,63524,63526,63529,63531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63507,896],{"class":58},[44,63509,2197],{"class":62},[44,63511,696],{"class":66},[44,63513,2197],{"class":62},[44,63515,83],{"class":58},[44,63517,2232],{"class":62},[44,63519,625],{"class":66},[44,63521,2197],{"class":62},[44,63523,83],{"class":58},[44,63525,2232],{"class":62},[44,63527,63528],{"class":66},"t",[44,63530,2197],{"class":62},[44,63532,1153],{"class":58},[20,63534,63535,63537],{},[15,63536,25220],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[981,63539,63541],{"id":63540},"range-to-list","Range to list",[35,63543,63545],{"className":37,"code":63544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63546,63547,63565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63548,63549,63551,63553,63555,63557,63559,63561,63563],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63550,1551],{"class":50},[44,63552,55],{"class":54},[44,63554,22998],{"class":2248},[44,63556,120],{"class":58},[44,63558,60239],{"class":135},[44,63560,120],{"class":58},[44,63562,2643],{"class":95},[44,63564,2239],{"class":58},[44,63566,63567,63569,63571,63573],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63568,136],{"class":135},[44,63570,120],{"class":58},[44,63572,1579],{"class":116},[44,63574,129],{"class":58},[20,63576,2576],{},[35,63578,63579],{"className":37,"code":60262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63580,63581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63582,63583,63585,63587,63589,63591,63593,63595,63597,63599,63601,63603],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63584,896],{"class":58},[44,63586,2626],{"class":95},[44,63588,83],{"class":58},[44,63590,1703],{"class":95},[44,63592,83],{"class":58},[44,63594,1717],{"class":95},[44,63596,83],{"class":58},[44,63598,2955],{"class":95},[44,63600,83],{"class":58},[44,63602,2961],{"class":95},[44,63604,1153],{"class":58},[20,63606,63607,63608,63612],{},"This is common when working with ",[625,63609,63610],{"href":36425},[15,63611,36428],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[981,63614,63616],{"id":63615},"set-to-list","Set to list",[35,63618,63620],{"className":37,"code":63619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63621,63622,63644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63623,63624,63626,63628,63630,63632,63634,63636,63638,63640,63642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63625,4327],{"class":50},[44,63627,55],{"class":54},[44,63629,22998],{"class":2248},[44,63631,6030],{"class":58},[44,63633,1559],{"class":95},[44,63635,83],{"class":58},[44,63637,646],{"class":95},[44,63639,83],{"class":58},[44,63641,1568],{"class":95},[44,63643,30721],{"class":58},[44,63645,63646,63648,63650,63652],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63647,136],{"class":135},[44,63649,120],{"class":58},[44,63651,5860],{"class":116},[44,63653,129],{"class":58},[20,63655,17412],{},[35,63657,63659],{"className":37,"code":63658,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63660,63661],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63662,63663,63665,63667,63669,63671,63673,63675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63664,896],{"class":58},[44,63666,1559],{"class":95},[44,63668,83],{"class":58},[44,63670,646],{"class":95},[44,63672,83],{"class":58},[44,63674,1568],{"class":95},[44,63676,1153],{"class":58},[20,63678,63679],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[981,63681,63683],{"id":63682},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[35,63685,63687],{"className":37,"code":63686,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63688,63689,63725,63739,63743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63690,63691,63693,63695,63697,63699,63701,63703,63705,63707,63709,63711,63713,63715,63717,63719,63721,63723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63692,51],{"class":50},[44,63694,55],{"class":54},[44,63696,59],{"class":58},[44,63698,63],{"class":62},[44,63700,67],{"class":66},[44,63702,63],{"class":62},[44,63704,72],{"class":58},[44,63706,75],{"class":62},[44,63708,78],{"class":66},[44,63710,63],{"class":62},[44,63712,83],{"class":58},[44,63714,75],{"class":62},[44,63716,88],{"class":66},[44,63718,63],{"class":62},[44,63720,72],{"class":58},[44,63722,96],{"class":95},[44,63724,99],{"class":58},[44,63726,63727,63729,63731,63733,63735,63737],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63728,1953],{"class":50},[44,63730,55],{"class":54},[44,63732,22998],{"class":2248},[44,63734,120],{"class":58},[44,63736,158],{"class":116},[44,63738,129],{"class":58},[44,63740,63741],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,63742,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,63744,63745,63747,63749,63751],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,63746,136],{"class":135},[44,63748,120],{"class":58},[44,63750,1984],{"class":116},[44,63752,129],{"class":58},[20,63754,2576],{},[35,63756,63757],{"className":37,"code":25917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63758,63759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63760,63761,63763,63765,63767,63769,63771,63773,63775,63777],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63762,896],{"class":58},[44,63764,2197],{"class":62},[44,63766,67],{"class":66},[44,63768,2197],{"class":62},[44,63770,83],{"class":58},[44,63772,2232],{"class":62},[44,63774,88],{"class":66},[44,63776,2197],{"class":62},[44,63778,1153],{"class":58},[20,63780,63781,63782,63784],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63783,25220],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63786,63787,63788,113],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[625,63789,63791],{"href":63790},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[30,63793,63795],{"id":63794},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63797,63798],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63800,61396],{},[252,63802,63803,63805,63807,63809,63811,63813],{},[255,63804,5801],{},[255,63806,5804],{},[255,63808,5810],{},[255,63810,5807],{},[255,63812,63238],{},[255,63814,7747],{},[20,63816,63817],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[35,63819,63821],{"className":37,"code":63820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63822,63823],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63824,63825,63827,63829,63831,63833,63835,63838,63840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63826,136],{"class":135},[44,63828,120],{"class":58},[44,63830,8588],{"class":2248},[44,63832,120],{"class":58},[44,63834,63],{"class":62},[44,63836,63837],{"class":66},"hi",[44,63839,63],{"class":62},[44,63841,2239],{"class":58},[20,63843,2576],{},[35,63845,63847],{"className":37,"code":63846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63848,63849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63850,63851,63853,63855,63857,63859,63861,63863,63865,63867],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63852,896],{"class":58},[44,63854,2197],{"class":62},[44,63856,60679],{"class":66},[44,63858,2197],{"class":62},[44,63860,83],{"class":58},[44,63862,2232],{"class":62},[44,63864,36384],{"class":66},[44,63866,2197],{"class":62},[44,63868,1153],{"class":58},[20,63870,63871],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[35,63873,63875],{"className":37,"code":63874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63876,63877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63878,63879,63881,63883,63885,63887,63889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63880,136],{"class":135},[44,63882,120],{"class":58},[44,63884,8588],{"class":2248},[44,63886,120],{"class":58},[44,63888,2643],{"class":95},[44,63890,2239],{"class":58},[20,63892,2576],{},[35,63894,63896],{"className":37,"code":63895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63897,63898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63899,63900,63902,63904,63906,63908,63910,63912,63914,63916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63901,3511],{"class":2248},[44,63903,72],{"class":58},[44,63905,2232],{"class":62},[44,63907,2694],{"class":66},[44,63909,2197],{"class":62},[44,63911,25056],{"class":2248},[44,63913,8591],{"class":54},[44,63915,8594],{"class":54},[44,63917,63918],{"class":50}," iterable\n",[20,63920,63921,63922,63924,63925,113],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[625,63923,5637],{"href":6087},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[625,63926,63927],{"href":52838},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[30,63929,63931],{"id":63930},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63933,63934,63935,63938],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63936,63937],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[35,63940,63942],{"className":37,"code":63941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63943,63944,63964,63978,63982,63992,64002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63945,63946,63948,63950,63952,63954,63956,63958,63960,63962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63947,12558],{"class":50},[44,63949,55],{"class":54},[44,63951,1556],{"class":58},[44,63953,1588],{"class":95},[44,63955,83],{"class":58},[44,63957,1717],{"class":95},[44,63959,83],{"class":58},[44,63961,2955],{"class":95},[44,63963,1153],{"class":58},[44,63965,63966,63968,63970,63972,63974,63976],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63967,14770],{"class":50},[44,63969,55],{"class":54},[44,63971,22998],{"class":2248},[44,63973,120],{"class":58},[44,63975,12605],{"class":116},[44,63977,129],{"class":58},[44,63979,63980],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,63981,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,63983,63984,63986,63988,63990],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,63985,136],{"class":135},[44,63987,120],{"class":58},[44,63989,12605],{"class":116},[44,63991,129],{"class":58},[44,63993,63994,63996,63998,64000],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,63995,136],{"class":135},[44,63997,120],{"class":58},[44,63999,14789],{"class":116},[44,64001,129],{"class":58},[44,64003,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,64005,136],{"class":135},[44,64007,120],{"class":58},[44,64009,12558],{"class":116},[44,64011,12666],{"class":1140},[44,64013,14843],{"class":116},[44,64015,129],{"class":58},[20,64017,2576],{},[35,64019,64021],{"className":37,"code":64020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,64022,64023,64039,64055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64024,64025,64027,64029,64031,64033,64035,64037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64026,896],{"class":58},[44,64028,1588],{"class":95},[44,64030,83],{"class":58},[44,64032,1717],{"class":95},[44,64034,83],{"class":58},[44,64036,2955],{"class":95},[44,64038,1153],{"class":58},[44,64040,64041,64043,64045,64047,64049,64051,64053],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64042,896],{"class":58},[44,64044,1588],{"class":95},[44,64046,83],{"class":58},[44,64048,1717],{"class":95},[44,64050,83],{"class":58},[44,64052,2955],{"class":95},[44,64054,1153],{"class":58},[44,64056,64057],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,64058,4543],{"class":1266},[20,64060,64061,64062,64064],{},"This means ",[15,64063,14789],{}," is a different list object.",[20,64066,64067,64068,64070],{},"However, this is only a ",[590,64069,13314],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[35,64072,64074],{"className":37,"code":64073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,64075,64076,64102,64116,64120,64138,64142,64152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64077,64078,64080,64082,64084,64086,64088,64090,64092,64094,64096,64098,64100],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64079,12558],{"class":50},[44,64081,55],{"class":54},[44,64083,56533],{"class":58},[44,64085,1588],{"class":95},[44,64087,83],{"class":58},[44,64089,1717],{"class":95},[44,64091,18514],{"class":58},[44,64093,1556],{"class":58},[44,64095,2567],{"class":95},[44,64097,83],{"class":58},[44,64099,2961],{"class":95},[44,64101,53481],{"class":58},[44,64103,64104,64106,64108,64110,64112,64114],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64105,14770],{"class":50},[44,64107,55],{"class":54},[44,64109,22998],{"class":2248},[44,64111,120],{"class":58},[44,64113,12605],{"class":116},[44,64115,129],{"class":58},[44,64117,64118],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,64119,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,64121,64122,64124,64126,64128,64130,64132,64134,64136],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,64123,14789],{"class":50},[44,64125,896],{"class":58},[44,64127,2626],{"class":95},[44,64129,14009],{"class":58},[44,64131,14012],{"class":116},[44,64133,120],{"class":58},[44,64135,56586],{"class":95},[44,64137,129],{"class":58},[44,64139,64140],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,64141,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,64143,64144,64146,64148,64150],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,64145,136],{"class":135},[44,64147,120],{"class":58},[44,64149,12605],{"class":116},[44,64151,129],{"class":58},[44,64153,64154,64156,64158,64160],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,64155,136],{"class":135},[44,64157,120],{"class":58},[44,64159,14789],{"class":116},[44,64161,129],{"class":58},[20,64163,2576],{},[35,64165,64166],{"className":37,"code":56617,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,64167,64168,64194],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64169,64170,64172,64174,64176,64178,64180,64182,64184,64186,64188,64190,64192],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64171,56624],{"class":58},[44,64173,1588],{"class":95},[44,64175,83],{"class":58},[44,64177,1717],{"class":95},[44,64179,83],{"class":58},[44,64181,10684],{"class":95},[44,64183,18514],{"class":58},[44,64185,1556],{"class":58},[44,64187,2567],{"class":95},[44,64189,83],{"class":58},[44,64191,2961],{"class":95},[44,64193,53481],{"class":58},[44,64195,64196,64198,64200,64202,64204,64206,64208,64210,64212,64214,64216,64218],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64197,56624],{"class":58},[44,64199,1588],{"class":95},[44,64201,83],{"class":58},[44,64203,1717],{"class":95},[44,64205,83],{"class":58},[44,64207,10684],{"class":95},[44,64209,18514],{"class":58},[44,64211,1556],{"class":58},[44,64213,2567],{"class":95},[44,64215,83],{"class":58},[44,64217,2961],{"class":95},[44,64219,53481],{"class":58},[20,64221,64222],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64224,64225,64226,113],{},"For more on this, see ",[625,64227,14250],{"href":14249},[30,64229,64231],{"id":64230},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64233,64234,64235,113],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64236,25220],{},[981,64238,64240],{"id":64239},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[35,64242,64244],{"className":37,"code":64243,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64245,64246,64286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64247,64248,64250,64252,64254,64256,64258,64260,64262,64264,64266,64268,64270,64272,64274,64276,64278,64280,64282,64284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64249,13327],{"class":50},[44,64251,55],{"class":54},[44,64253,59],{"class":58},[44,64255,63],{"class":62},[44,64257,67],{"class":66},[44,64259,63],{"class":62},[44,64261,72],{"class":58},[44,64263,75],{"class":62},[44,64265,1814],{"class":66},[44,64267,63],{"class":62},[44,64269,83],{"class":58},[44,64271,75],{"class":62},[44,64273,20338],{"class":66},[44,64275,63],{"class":62},[44,64277,72],{"class":58},[44,64279,75],{"class":62},[44,64281,22683],{"class":66},[44,64283,63],{"class":62},[44,64285,99],{"class":58},[44,64287,64288,64290,64292,64294,64296,64298],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64289,136],{"class":135},[44,64291,120],{"class":58},[44,64293,8588],{"class":2248},[44,64295,120],{"class":58},[44,64297,14085],{"class":116},[44,64299,2239],{"class":58},[20,64301,2576],{},[35,64303,64305],{"className":37,"code":64304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64306,64307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64308,64309,64311,64313,64315,64317,64319,64321,64323,64325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64310,896],{"class":58},[44,64312,2197],{"class":62},[44,64314,67],{"class":66},[44,64316,2197],{"class":62},[44,64318,83],{"class":58},[44,64320,2232],{"class":62},[44,64322,20338],{"class":66},[44,64324,2197],{"class":62},[44,64326,1153],{"class":58},[981,64328,64330],{"id":64329},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[35,64332,64334],{"className":37,"code":64333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64335,64336,64376],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64337,64338,64340,64342,64344,64346,64348,64350,64352,64354,64356,64358,64360,64362,64364,64366,64368,64370,64372,64374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64339,13327],{"class":50},[44,64341,55],{"class":54},[44,64343,59],{"class":58},[44,64345,63],{"class":62},[44,64347,67],{"class":66},[44,64349,63],{"class":62},[44,64351,72],{"class":58},[44,64353,75],{"class":62},[44,64355,1814],{"class":66},[44,64357,63],{"class":62},[44,64359,83],{"class":58},[44,64361,75],{"class":62},[44,64363,20338],{"class":66},[44,64365,63],{"class":62},[44,64367,72],{"class":58},[44,64369,75],{"class":62},[44,64371,22683],{"class":66},[44,64373,63],{"class":62},[44,64375,99],{"class":58},[44,64377,64378,64380,64382,64384,64386,64388,64390,64392],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64379,136],{"class":135},[44,64381,120],{"class":58},[44,64383,8588],{"class":2248},[44,64385,120],{"class":58},[44,64387,14085],{"class":116},[44,64389,113],{"class":58},[44,64391,5860],{"class":116},[44,64393,6791],{"class":58},[20,64395,2576],{},[35,64397,64399],{"className":37,"code":64398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64400,64401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64402,64403,64405,64407,64409,64411,64413,64415,64417,64419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64404,896],{"class":58},[44,64406,2197],{"class":62},[44,64408,1814],{"class":66},[44,64410,2197],{"class":62},[44,64412,83],{"class":58},[44,64414,2232],{"class":62},[44,64416,22683],{"class":66},[44,64418,2197],{"class":62},[44,64420,1153],{"class":58},[981,64422,64424],{"id":64423},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[35,64426,64428],{"className":37,"code":64427,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64429,64430,64470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64431,64432,64434,64436,64438,64440,64442,64444,64446,64448,64450,64452,64454,64456,64458,64460,64462,64464,64466,64468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64433,13327],{"class":50},[44,64435,55],{"class":54},[44,64437,59],{"class":58},[44,64439,63],{"class":62},[44,64441,67],{"class":66},[44,64443,63],{"class":62},[44,64445,72],{"class":58},[44,64447,75],{"class":62},[44,64449,1814],{"class":66},[44,64451,63],{"class":62},[44,64453,83],{"class":58},[44,64455,75],{"class":62},[44,64457,20338],{"class":66},[44,64459,63],{"class":62},[44,64461,72],{"class":58},[44,64463,75],{"class":62},[44,64465,22683],{"class":66},[44,64467,63],{"class":62},[44,64469,99],{"class":58},[44,64471,64472,64474,64476,64478,64480,64482,64484,64486],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64473,136],{"class":135},[44,64475,120],{"class":58},[44,64477,8588],{"class":2248},[44,64479,120],{"class":58},[44,64481,14085],{"class":116},[44,64483,113],{"class":58},[44,64485,8305],{"class":116},[44,64487,6791],{"class":58},[20,64489,2576],{},[35,64491,64493],{"className":37,"code":64492,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64494,64495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64496,64497,64499,64501,64503,64505,64507,64509,64511,64513,64515,64517,64519,64521,64523,64525,64527,64529,64531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64498,22178],{"class":58},[44,64500,2197],{"class":62},[44,64502,67],{"class":66},[44,64504,2197],{"class":62},[44,64506,83],{"class":58},[44,64508,2232],{"class":62},[44,64510,1814],{"class":66},[44,64512,2197],{"class":62},[44,64514,9725],{"class":58},[44,64516,9728],{"class":58},[44,64518,2197],{"class":62},[44,64520,20338],{"class":66},[44,64522,2197],{"class":62},[44,64524,83],{"class":58},[44,64526,2232],{"class":62},[44,64528,22683],{"class":66},[44,64530,2197],{"class":62},[44,64532,9741],{"class":58},[20,64534,64535],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[30,64537,64539],{"id":64538},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64541,227,64542,776],{},[15,64543,25220],{},[252,64545,64546,64554,64563],{},[255,64547,64548,64549,3384,64551],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64550,52891],{},[15,64552,64553],{},"sort()",[255,64555,64556,64557,3384,64559,64562],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64558,36428],{},[15,64560,64561],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[255,64564,64565],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64567,46276,64568,72],{},[15,64569,64561],{},[35,64571,64573],{"className":37,"code":64572,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64574,64575,64599,64615,64619,64642],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64576,64577,64579,64581,64583,64585,64587,64589,64591,64593,64595,64597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64578,5496],{"class":50},[44,64580,55],{"class":54},[44,64582,1556],{"class":58},[44,64584,63],{"class":62},[44,64586,78],{"class":66},[44,64588,63],{"class":62},[44,64590,83],{"class":58},[44,64592,75],{"class":62},[44,64594,36170],{"class":66},[44,64596,63],{"class":62},[44,64598,1153],{"class":58},[44,64600,64601,64603,64605,64607,64609,64611,64613],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64602,472],{"class":50},[44,64604,55],{"class":54},[44,64606,1556],{"class":58},[44,64608,13962],{"class":95},[44,64610,83],{"class":58},[44,64612,502],{"class":95},[44,64614,1153],{"class":58},[44,64616,64617],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,64618,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,64620,64621,64623,64625,64627,64629,64632,64634,64636,64638,64640],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,64622,9707],{"class":50},[44,64624,55],{"class":54},[44,64626,22998],{"class":2248},[44,64628,120],{"class":58},[44,64630,64631],{"class":135},"zip",[44,64633,120],{"class":58},[44,64635,5540],{"class":116},[44,64637,83],{"class":58},[44,64639,5611],{"class":116},[44,64641,2239],{"class":58},[44,64643,64644,64646,64648,64650],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,64645,136],{"class":135},[44,64647,120],{"class":58},[44,64649,9754],{"class":116},[44,64651,129],{"class":58},[20,64653,2576],{},[35,64655,64657],{"className":37,"code":64656,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64658,64659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64660,64661,64663,64665,64667,64669,64671,64673,64675,64677,64679,64681,64683,64685,64687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64662,22178],{"class":58},[44,64664,2197],{"class":62},[44,64666,78],{"class":66},[44,64668,2197],{"class":62},[44,64670,83],{"class":58},[44,64672,488],{"class":95},[44,64674,9725],{"class":58},[44,64676,9728],{"class":58},[44,64678,2197],{"class":62},[44,64680,36170],{"class":66},[44,64682,2197],{"class":62},[44,64684,83],{"class":58},[44,64686,502],{"class":95},[44,64688,9741],{"class":58},[20,64690,64691,64692,64694,64695,113],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64693,52891],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[625,64696,53288],{"href":53287},[30,64698,1526],{"id":1525},[20,64700,57015,64701,113],{},[15,64702,25220],{},[981,64704,64706],{"id":64705},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64708,5028],{},[35,64710,64712],{"className":37,"code":64711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64713,64714,64718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64715,64716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64717,5038],{"class":147},[44,64719,64720,64722,64724,64726,64728,64730,64732,64734],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64721,8588],{"class":2248},[44,64723,120],{"class":58},[44,64725,1588],{"class":95},[44,64727,83],{"class":58},[44,64729,1717],{"class":95},[44,64731,83],{"class":58},[44,64733,2955],{"class":95},[44,64735,129],{"class":58},[20,64737,64738,64740],{},[15,64739,25220],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64742,19144],{},[35,64744,64746],{"className":37,"code":64745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64747,64748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64749,64750,64752,64754,64756,64758,64760,64762,64764,64766,64768],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64751,136],{"class":135},[44,64753,120],{"class":58},[44,64755,8588],{"class":2248},[44,64757,6011],{"class":58},[44,64759,1588],{"class":95},[44,64761,83],{"class":58},[44,64763,1717],{"class":95},[44,64765,83],{"class":58},[44,64767,2955],{"class":95},[44,64769,3418],{"class":58},[981,64771,64773,64774],{"id":64772},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[44,64775,64776],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64778,64779],{},"This is a common surprise:",[35,64781,64783],{"className":37,"code":64782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64784,64785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64786,64787,64789,64791,64793,64795,64797,64799,64801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64788,136],{"class":135},[44,64790,120],{"class":58},[44,64792,8588],{"class":2248},[44,64794,120],{"class":58},[44,64796,63],{"class":62},[44,64798,4349],{"class":66},[44,64800,63],{"class":62},[44,64802,2239],{"class":58},[20,64804,2576],{},[35,64806,64808],{"className":37,"code":64807,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64809,64810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64811,64812,64814,64816,64818,64820,64822,64824,64826,64828,64830,64832,64834,64836,64838,64840,64842,64844,64846,64848,64850,64852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64813,896],{"class":58},[44,64815,2197],{"class":62},[44,64817,60679],{"class":66},[44,64819,2197],{"class":62},[44,64821,83],{"class":58},[44,64823,2232],{"class":62},[44,64825,60688],{"class":66},[44,64827,2197],{"class":62},[44,64829,83],{"class":58},[44,64831,2232],{"class":62},[44,64833,60697],{"class":66},[44,64835,2197],{"class":62},[44,64837,83],{"class":58},[44,64839,2232],{"class":62},[44,64841,60697],{"class":66},[44,64843,2197],{"class":62},[44,64845,83],{"class":58},[44,64847,2232],{"class":62},[44,64849,60714],{"class":66},[44,64851,2197],{"class":62},[44,64853,1153],{"class":58},[20,64855,64856],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64858,64859],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[35,64861,64863],{"className":37,"code":64862,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64864,64865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64866,64867,64869,64871,64873,64875,64877],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64868,136],{"class":135},[44,64870,3492],{"class":58},[44,64872,63],{"class":62},[44,64874,4349],{"class":66},[44,64876,63],{"class":62},[44,64878,4391],{"class":58},[981,64880,64882],{"id":64881},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64884,64885],{},"This:",[35,64887,64889],{"className":37,"code":64888,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64890,64891,64923],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64892,64893,64895,64897,64899,64901,64903,64905,64907,64909,64911,64913,64915,64917,64919,64921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64894,616],{"class":50},[44,64896,55],{"class":54},[44,64898,59],{"class":58},[44,64900,63],{"class":62},[44,64902,625],{"class":66},[44,64904,63],{"class":62},[44,64906,72],{"class":58},[44,64908,1703],{"class":95},[44,64910,83],{"class":58},[44,64912,75],{"class":62},[44,64914,639],{"class":66},[44,64916,63],{"class":62},[44,64918,72],{"class":58},[44,64920,1717],{"class":95},[44,64922,99],{"class":58},[44,64924,64925,64927,64929,64931,64933,64935],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64926,136],{"class":135},[44,64928,120],{"class":58},[44,64930,8588],{"class":2248},[44,64932,120],{"class":58},[44,64934,750],{"class":116},[44,64936,2239],{"class":58},[20,64938,64939],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64941,227,64942,64945],{},[15,64943,64944],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[981,64947,64949],{"id":64948},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64951,64952,64954],{},[15,64953,25220],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64956,64957],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[30,64959,2301],{"id":2300},[981,64961,2358,64963,64965],{"id":64962},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[44,64964],{}," and list()?",[20,64967,64968,64969,64971,64972,64974],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64970,4291],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64973,25220],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[981,64976,64978],{"id":64977},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64980,64981,64982,64984],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64983,25220],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[981,64986,64988],{"id":64987},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64990,64991],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[981,64993,64995],{"id":64994},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64997,64998],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[981,65000,65002],{"id":65001},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,65004,65005,65006,65008],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,65007,25220],{}," cannot loop through it.",[30,65010,2375],{"id":2374},[252,65012,65013,65017,65022,65026,65030,65034,65038,65043],{},[255,65014,65015],{},[625,65016,53010],{"href":51217},[255,65018,65019],{},[625,65020,65021],{"href":36425},"Python range() function explained",[255,65023,65024],{},[625,65025,63459],{"href":63458},[255,65027,65028],{},[625,65029,63791],{"href":63790},[255,65031,65032],{},[625,65033,5717],{"href":6087},[255,65035,65036],{},[625,65037,14250],{"href":14249},[255,65039,65040],{},[625,65041,65042],{"href":52838},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[255,65044,65045],{},[625,65046,54517],{"href":53287},[2414,65048,65049],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":65051},[65052,65053,65054,65055,65056,65063,65064,65065,65070,65071,65078,65086],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":63161,"depth":102,"text":63162},{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":59860,"depth":102,"text":59861},{"id":63389,"depth":102,"text":63390,"children":65057},[65058,65059,65060,65061,65062],{"id":63393,"depth":132,"text":63394},{"id":63462,"depth":132,"text":63463},{"id":63540,"depth":132,"text":63541},{"id":63615,"depth":132,"text":63616},{"id":63682,"depth":132,"text":63683},{"id":63794,"depth":102,"text":63795},{"id":63930,"depth":102,"text":63931},{"id":64230,"depth":102,"text":64231,"children":65066},[65067,65068,65069],{"id":64239,"depth":132,"text":64240},{"id":64329,"depth":132,"text":64330},{"id":64423,"depth":132,"text":64424},{"id":64538,"depth":102,"text":64539},{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526,"children":65072},[65073,65074,65076,65077],{"id":64705,"depth":132,"text":64706},{"id":64772,"depth":132,"text":65075},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64881,"depth":132,"text":64882},{"id":64948,"depth":132,"text":64949},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":65079},[65080,65082,65083,65084,65085],{"id":64962,"depth":132,"text":65081},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64977,"depth":132,"text":64978},{"id":64987,"depth":132,"text":64988},{"id":64994,"depth":132,"text":64995},{"id":65001,"depth":132,"text":65002},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62995,"description":65087},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65094,"title":65095,"body":65096,"description":66447,"extension":2465,"meta":66448,"navigation":169,"path":66449,"seo":66450,"stem":66451,"__hash__":66452},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65097,"toc":66421},[65098,65103,65109,65118,65120,65193,65202,65207,65211,65227,65231,65233,65235,65254,65257,65285,65288,65313,65321,65323,65328,65335,65337,65394,65396,65404,65410,65414,65417,65490,65492,65500,65503,65526,65533,65539,65543,65549,65620,65622,65630,65639,65646,65653,65661,65805,65807,65824,65827,65866,65869,65873,65878,65880,65939,65945,65948,66055,66057,66072,66075,66082,66084,66088,66236,66239,66300,66303,66306,66327,66332,66336,66347,66350,66352,66357,66360,66368,66373,66379,66382,66388,66396,66398,66418],[10,65099,54581,65101,18],{"id":65100},"python-list-index-method",[15,65102,59208],{},[20,65104,65105,65108],{},[15,65106,65107],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,65110,65111,65112,65115,65116,113],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[590,65113,65114],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65117,40937],{},[30,65119,33],{"id":32},[35,65121,65123],{"className":37,"code":65122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65124,65125,65157,65180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65126,65127,65129,65131,65133,65135,65137,65139,65141,65143,65145,65147,65149,65151,65153,65155],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65128,8276],{"class":50},[44,65130,55],{"class":54},[44,65132,1556],{"class":58},[44,65134,63],{"class":62},[44,65136,4582],{"class":66},[44,65138,63],{"class":62},[44,65140,83],{"class":58},[44,65142,75],{"class":62},[44,65144,4591],{"class":66},[44,65146,63],{"class":62},[44,65148,83],{"class":58},[44,65150,75],{"class":62},[44,65152,4600],{"class":66},[44,65154,63],{"class":62},[44,65156,1153],{"class":58},[44,65158,65159,65162,65164,65166,65168,65170,65172,65174,65176,65178],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65160,65161],{"class":50},"position ",[44,65163,55],{"class":54},[44,65165,6467],{"class":50},[44,65167,113],{"class":58},[44,65169,36075],{"class":116},[44,65171,120],{"class":58},[44,65173,63],{"class":62},[44,65175,4591],{"class":66},[44,65177,63],{"class":62},[44,65179,129],{"class":58},[44,65181,65182,65184,65186,65189,65191],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,65183,136],{"class":135},[44,65185,120],{"class":58},[44,65187,65188],{"class":116},"position",[44,65190,144],{"class":58},[44,65192,1762],{"class":147},[20,65194,227,65195,65198,65199,65201],{},[15,65196,65197],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65200,40937],{}," if the item is not found.",[30,65203,243,65205,246],{"id":65204},"what-listindex-does",[15,65206,65107],{},[20,65208,65209,72],{},[15,65210,65107],{},[252,65212,65213,65216,65219,65224],{},[255,65214,65215],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[255,65217,65218],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[255,65220,65221,65222],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65223,2626],{},[255,65225,65226],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65228,54806,65229,113],{},[625,65230,53010],{"href":54809},[30,65232,392],{"id":391},[20,65234,30950],{},[35,65236,65238],{"className":37,"code":65237,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65239,65240],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65241,65242,65244,65246,65248,65250,65252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65243,8834],{"class":50},[44,65245,113],{"class":58},[44,65247,36075],{"class":116},[44,65249,120],{"class":58},[44,65251,1282],{"class":116},[44,65253,129],{"class":58},[20,65255,65256],{},"You can also limit the search:",[35,65258,65260],{"className":37,"code":65259,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65261,65262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65263,65264,65266,65268,65270,65272,65274,65276,65278,65280,65283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65265,8834],{"class":50},[44,65267,113],{"class":58},[44,65269,36075],{"class":116},[44,65271,120],{"class":58},[44,65273,1282],{"class":116},[44,65275,83],{"class":58},[44,65277,36281],{"class":116},[44,65279,83],{"class":58},[44,65281,65282],{"class":116}," end",[44,65284,129],{"class":58},[20,65286,65287],{},"Here is what each part means:",[252,65289,65290,65295,65300,65305],{},[255,65291,65292,65294],{},[15,65293,1282],{},": the item to search for",[255,65296,65297,65299],{},[15,65298,36302],{},": where the search begins",[255,65301,65302,65304],{},[15,65303,52899],{},": where the search stops",[255,65306,65307,5285,65309,65312],{},[15,65308,52899],{},[590,65310,65311],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65314,65315,65316,65318,65319,113],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65317,36302],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65320,52899],{},[30,65322,38252],{"id":38251},[20,65324,65325,65327],{},[15,65326,65107],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65329,65330,65331,65334],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[590,65332,65333],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65336,269],{},[35,65338,65340],{"className":37,"code":65339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65341,65342,65362,65380,65384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65343,65344,65346,65348,65350,65352,65354,65356,65358,65360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65345,1551],{"class":50},[44,65347,55],{"class":54},[44,65349,1556],{"class":58},[44,65351,1559],{"class":95},[44,65353,83],{"class":58},[44,65355,646],{"class":95},[44,65357,83],{"class":58},[44,65359,1568],{"class":95},[44,65361,1153],{"class":58},[44,65363,65364,65366,65368,65370,65372,65374,65376,65378],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65365,1953],{"class":50},[44,65367,55],{"class":54},[44,65369,4767],{"class":50},[44,65371,113],{"class":58},[44,65373,36075],{"class":116},[44,65375,120],{"class":58},[44,65377,16210],{"class":95},[44,65379,129],{"class":58},[44,65381,65382],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,65383,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,65385,65386,65388,65390,65392],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,65387,136],{"class":135},[44,65389,120],{"class":58},[44,65391,1984],{"class":116},[44,65393,129],{"class":58},[20,65395,2576],{},[35,65397,65398],{"className":37,"code":47153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,65399,65400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65401,65402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65403,47153],{"class":95},[20,65405,65406,65407,65409],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65408,59208],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[30,65411,65413],{"id":65412},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65415,65416],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[35,65418,65420],{"className":37,"code":65419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65421,65422,65454,65476,65480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65423,65424,65426,65428,65430,65432,65434,65436,65438,65440,65442,65444,65446,65448,65450,65452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65425,36469],{"class":50},[44,65427,55],{"class":54},[44,65429,1556],{"class":58},[44,65431,63],{"class":62},[44,65433,4582],{"class":66},[44,65435,63],{"class":62},[44,65437,83],{"class":58},[44,65439,75],{"class":62},[44,65441,4591],{"class":66},[44,65443,63],{"class":62},[44,65445,83],{"class":58},[44,65447,75],{"class":62},[44,65449,4600],{"class":66},[44,65451,63],{"class":62},[44,65453,1153],{"class":58},[44,65455,65456,65458,65460,65462,65464,65466,65468,65470,65472,65474],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65457,65161],{"class":50},[44,65459,55],{"class":54},[44,65461,53090],{"class":50},[44,65463,113],{"class":58},[44,65465,36075],{"class":116},[44,65467,120],{"class":58},[44,65469,63],{"class":62},[44,65471,4600],{"class":66},[44,65473,63],{"class":62},[44,65475,129],{"class":58},[44,65477,65478],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,65479,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,65481,65482,65484,65486,65488],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,65483,136],{"class":135},[44,65485,120],{"class":58},[44,65487,65188],{"class":116},[44,65489,129],{"class":58},[20,65491,2576],{},[35,65493,65494],{"className":37,"code":17510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,65495,65496],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65497,65498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65499,17510],{"class":95},[20,65501,65502],{},"In this list:",[252,65504,65505,65512,65519],{},[255,65506,65507,65509,65510],{},[15,65508,58073],{}," is at index ",[15,65511,2626],{},[255,65513,65514,65509,65517],{},[15,65515,65516],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65518,1588],{},[255,65520,65521,65509,65524],{},[15,65522,65523],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65525,2561],{},[20,65527,53892,65528,2901,65531,113],{},[15,65529,65530],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65532,2561],{},[20,65534,51781,65535,113],{},[625,65536,65538],{"href":65537},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[30,65540,65542],{"id":65541},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65544,65545,65546,65548],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65547,59208],{}," returns the first match only.",[35,65550,65552],{"className":37,"code":65551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65553,65554,65594,65598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65555,65556,65558,65560,65562,65564,65566,65568,65570,65572,65574,65576,65578,65580,65582,65584,65586,65588,65590,65592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65557,13539],{"class":50},[44,65559,55],{"class":54},[44,65561,1556],{"class":58},[44,65563,63],{"class":62},[44,65565,13556],{"class":66},[44,65567,63],{"class":62},[44,65569,83],{"class":58},[44,65571,75],{"class":62},[44,65573,13573],{"class":66},[44,65575,63],{"class":62},[44,65577,83],{"class":58},[44,65579,75],{"class":62},[44,65581,13556],{"class":66},[44,65583,63],{"class":62},[44,65585,83],{"class":58},[44,65587,75],{"class":62},[44,65589,17907],{"class":66},[44,65591,63],{"class":62},[44,65593,1153],{"class":58},[44,65595,65596],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65597,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,65599,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608,65610,65612,65614,65616,65618],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,65601,136],{"class":135},[44,65603,120],{"class":58},[44,65605,17954],{"class":116},[44,65607,113],{"class":58},[44,65609,36075],{"class":116},[44,65611,120],{"class":58},[44,65613,63],{"class":62},[44,65615,13556],{"class":66},[44,65617,63],{"class":62},[44,65619,2239],{"class":58},[20,65621,2576],{},[35,65623,65624],{"className":37,"code":47488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,65625,65626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65627,65628],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65629,47488],{"class":95},[20,65631,21421,65632,65635,65636,65638],{},[15,65633,65634],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65637,2626],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65640,65641,65642,113],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[625,65643,55759,65644,11221],{"href":59267},[15,65645,57530],{},[30,65647,1785,65649,976,65651],{"id":65648},"using-start-and-end",[15,65650,36302],{},[15,65652,52899],{},[20,65654,65655,65656,976,65658,65660],{},"The optional ",[15,65657,36302],{},[15,65659,52899],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[35,65662,65664],{"className":37,"code":65663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65665,65666,65714,65718,65743,65772],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65667,65668,65670,65672,65674,65676,65678,65680,65682,65684,65686,65688,65690,65692,65694,65696,65698,65700,65702,65704,65706,65708,65710,65712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65669,36320],{"class":50},[44,65671,55],{"class":54},[44,65673,1556],{"class":58},[44,65675,63],{"class":62},[44,65677,625],{"class":66},[44,65679,63],{"class":62},[44,65681,83],{"class":58},[44,65683,75],{"class":62},[44,65685,639],{"class":66},[44,65687,63],{"class":62},[44,65689,83],{"class":58},[44,65691,75],{"class":62},[44,65693,696],{"class":66},[44,65695,63],{"class":62},[44,65697,83],{"class":58},[44,65699,75],{"class":62},[44,65701,639],{"class":66},[44,65703,63],{"class":62},[44,65705,83],{"class":58},[44,65707,75],{"class":62},[44,65709,19217],{"class":66},[44,65711,63],{"class":62},[44,65713,1153],{"class":58},[44,65715,65716],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65717,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,65719,65720,65722,65724,65726,65728,65730,65732,65734,65736,65738,65740],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,65721,136],{"class":135},[44,65723,120],{"class":58},[44,65725,36373],{"class":116},[44,65727,113],{"class":58},[44,65729,36075],{"class":116},[44,65731,120],{"class":58},[44,65733,63],{"class":62},[44,65735,639],{"class":66},[44,65737,63],{"class":62},[44,65739,532],{"class":58},[44,65741,65742],{"class":147},"        # first match\n",[44,65744,65745,65747,65749,65751,65753,65755,65757,65759,65761,65763,65765,65767,65769],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,65746,136],{"class":135},[44,65748,120],{"class":58},[44,65750,36373],{"class":116},[44,65752,113],{"class":58},[44,65754,36075],{"class":116},[44,65756,120],{"class":58},[44,65758,63],{"class":62},[44,65760,639],{"class":66},[44,65762,63],{"class":62},[44,65764,83],{"class":58},[44,65766,1717],{"class":95},[44,65768,532],{"class":58},[44,65770,65771],{"class":147},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[44,65773,65774,65776,65778,65780,65782,65784,65786,65788,65790,65792,65794,65796,65798,65800,65802],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,65775,136],{"class":135},[44,65777,120],{"class":58},[44,65779,36373],{"class":116},[44,65781,113],{"class":58},[44,65783,36075],{"class":116},[44,65785,120],{"class":58},[44,65787,63],{"class":62},[44,65789,639],{"class":66},[44,65791,63],{"class":62},[44,65793,83],{"class":58},[44,65795,1703],{"class":95},[44,65797,83],{"class":58},[44,65799,2961],{"class":95},[44,65801,532],{"class":58},[44,65803,65804],{"class":147},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65806,2576],{},[35,65808,65810],{"className":37,"code":65809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65811,65812,65816,65820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65813,65814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65815,47153],{"class":95},[44,65817,65818],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65819,46853],{"class":95},[44,65821,65822],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,65823,47153],{"class":95},[20,65825,65826],{},"How this works:",[252,65828,65829,65841,65854],{},[255,65830,65831,65834,65835,65838,65839],{},[15,65832,65833],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65836,65837],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65840,1588],{},[255,65842,65843,65846,65847,65849,65850,65838,65852],{},[15,65844,65845],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65848,2561],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65851,65837],{},[15,65853,2567],{},[255,65855,65856,65859,65860,2695,65862,17526,65864],{},[15,65857,65858],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65861,1588],{},[15,65863,2561],{},[15,65865,2567],{},[20,65867,65868],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[30,65870,65872],{"id":65871},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65874,65875,65876,113],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65877,40937],{},[20,65879,269],{},[35,65881,65883],{"className":37,"code":65882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65884,65885,65917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65886,65887,65889,65891,65893,65895,65897,65899,65901,65903,65905,65907,65909,65911,65913,65915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65888,8276],{"class":50},[44,65890,55],{"class":54},[44,65892,1556],{"class":58},[44,65894,63],{"class":62},[44,65896,4582],{"class":66},[44,65898,63],{"class":62},[44,65900,83],{"class":58},[44,65902,75],{"class":62},[44,65904,4591],{"class":66},[44,65906,63],{"class":62},[44,65908,83],{"class":58},[44,65910,75],{"class":62},[44,65912,4600],{"class":66},[44,65914,63],{"class":62},[44,65916,1153],{"class":58},[44,65918,65919,65921,65923,65925,65927,65929,65931,65933,65935,65937],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65920,136],{"class":135},[44,65922,120],{"class":58},[44,65924,8305],{"class":116},[44,65926,113],{"class":58},[44,65928,36075],{"class":116},[44,65930,120],{"class":58},[44,65932,63],{"class":62},[44,65934,33447],{"class":66},[44,65936,63],{"class":62},[44,65938,2239],{"class":58},[20,65940,39886,65941,65944],{},[15,65942,65943],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65946,65947],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[35,65949,65951],{"className":37,"code":65950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65952,65953,65985,65998,66002,66015,66034,66040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65954,65955,65957,65959,65961,65963,65965,65967,65969,65971,65973,65975,65977,65979,65981,65983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65956,8276],{"class":50},[44,65958,55],{"class":54},[44,65960,1556],{"class":58},[44,65962,63],{"class":62},[44,65964,4582],{"class":66},[44,65966,63],{"class":62},[44,65968,83],{"class":58},[44,65970,75],{"class":62},[44,65972,4591],{"class":66},[44,65974,63],{"class":62},[44,65976,83],{"class":58},[44,65978,75],{"class":62},[44,65980,4600],{"class":66},[44,65982,63],{"class":62},[44,65984,1153],{"class":58},[44,65986,65987,65990,65992,65994,65996],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65988,65989],{"class":50},"search_value ",[44,65991,55],{"class":54},[44,65993,75],{"class":62},[44,65995,33447],{"class":66},[44,65997,3865],{"class":62},[44,65999,66000],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,66001,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,66003,66004,66006,66009,66011,66013],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,66005,1345],{"class":1140},[44,66007,66008],{"class":50}," search_value ",[44,66010,4385],{"class":54},[44,66012,6467],{"class":50},[44,66014,1359],{"class":58},[44,66016,66017,66019,66021,66023,66025,66027,66029,66032],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,66018,1387],{"class":135},[44,66020,120],{"class":58},[44,66022,8305],{"class":116},[44,66024,113],{"class":58},[44,66026,36075],{"class":116},[44,66028,120],{"class":58},[44,66030,66031],{"class":116},"search_value",[44,66033,2239],{"class":58},[44,66035,66036,66038],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,66037,1398],{"class":1140},[44,66039,1359],{"class":58},[44,66041,66042,66044,66046,66048,66051,66053],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,66043,1387],{"class":135},[44,66045,120],{"class":58},[44,66047,63],{"class":62},[44,66049,66050],{"class":66},"Item not found",[44,66052,63],{"class":62},[44,66054,129],{"class":58},[20,66056,2576],{},[35,66058,66060],{"className":37,"code":66059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Item not found\n",[15,66061,66062],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66063,66064,66067,66069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66065,66066],{"class":50},"Item ",[44,66068,592],{"class":54},[44,66070,66071],{"class":50}," found\n",[20,66073,66074],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,66076,66077,66078,113],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[625,66079,66081],{"href":66080},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[30,66083,1526],{"id":1525},[20,66085,21654,66086,72],{},[15,66087,65107],{},[252,66089,66090,66108,66120,66180],{},[255,66091,1535,66092,2901,66094,66097,66098,66100,66101,5662,66103,66105,66106,113],{},[15,66093,59208],{},[15,66095,66096],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10333,66099],{},"\nPython does ",[590,66102,592],{},[15,66104,66096],{},". It raises ",[15,66107,40937],{},[255,66109,66110,66111,66113,66116,66117,66119],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10333,66112],{},[15,66114,66115],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,66118,65516],{},", not the value itself.",[255,66121,1785,66122,2037,66125,66127,66129,66130,17110,66132,66155,17098,66157],{},[15,66123,66124],{},"index[]",[15,66126,59208],{},[10333,66128],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10333,66131],{},[35,66133,66135],{"className":37,"code":66134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66136,66137],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66138,66139,66141,66143,66145,66147,66149,66151,66153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66140,8305],{"class":50},[44,66142,113],{"class":58},[44,66144,36075],{"class":116},[44,66146,120],{"class":58},[44,66148,63],{"class":62},[44,66150,4591],{"class":66},[44,66152,63],{"class":62},[44,66154,129],{"class":58},[10333,66156],{},[35,66158,66160],{"className":37,"code":66159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66161,66162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66163,66164,66166,66168,66170,66172,66174,66176,66178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66165,8305],{"class":50},[44,66167,113],{"class":58},[44,66169,36075],{"class":25189},[44,66171,896],{"class":58},[44,66173,63],{"class":62},[44,66175,4591],{"class":66},[44,66177,63],{"class":62},[44,66179,1153],{"class":58},[255,66181,66182,66183,66185,976,66188,66190,66191],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10333,66184],{},[15,66186,66187],{},"\"3\"",[15,66189,2567],{}," are different values in Python.",[35,66192,66194],{"className":37,"code":66193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66195,66196,66216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66197,66198,66200,66202,66204,66206,66208,66210,66212,66214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66199,1551],{"class":50},[44,66201,55],{"class":54},[44,66203,1556],{"class":58},[44,66205,1588],{"class":95},[44,66207,83],{"class":58},[44,66209,1717],{"class":95},[44,66211,83],{"class":58},[44,66213,2955],{"class":95},[44,66215,1153],{"class":58},[44,66217,66218,66220,66222,66224,66226,66228,66230,66232,66234],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66219,136],{"class":135},[44,66221,120],{"class":58},[44,66223,63],{"class":62},[44,66225,2567],{"class":66},[44,66227,63],{"class":62},[44,66229,1354],{"class":1140},[44,66231,4767],{"class":116},[44,66233,144],{"class":58},[44,66235,5273],{"class":147},[20,66237,66238],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[35,66240,66242],{"className":37,"code":66241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66243,66244,66254,66268,66282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66245,66246,66248,66250,66252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66247,136],{"class":135},[44,66249,120],{"class":58},[44,66251,8834],{"class":116},[44,66253,129],{"class":58},[44,66255,66256,66258,66260,66262,66264,66266],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66257,136],{"class":135},[44,66259,120],{"class":58},[44,66261,2249],{"class":2248},[44,66263,120],{"class":58},[44,66265,66031],{"class":116},[44,66267,2239],{"class":58},[44,66269,66270,66272,66274,66276,66278,66280],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,66271,136],{"class":135},[44,66273,120],{"class":58},[44,66275,65989],{"class":116},[44,66277,4385],{"class":1140},[44,66279,8891],{"class":116},[44,66281,129],{"class":58},[44,66283,66284,66286,66288,66290,66292,66294,66296,66298],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,66285,136],{"class":135},[44,66287,120],{"class":58},[44,66289,8834],{"class":116},[44,66291,113],{"class":58},[44,66293,36075],{"class":116},[44,66295,120],{"class":58},[44,66297,66031],{"class":116},[44,66299,2239],{"class":58},[20,66301,66302],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66304,66305],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[252,66307,66308,66311,66318,66324],{},[255,66309,66310],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[255,66312,66313,66314,2037,66316],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66315,66187],{},[15,66317,2567],{},[255,66319,66320,66321,66323],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66322,59208],{}," returns only the first one",[255,66325,66326],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[30,66328,769,66330],{"id":66329},"when-to-use-index",[15,66331,59208],{},[20,66333,227,66334,776],{},[15,66335,59208],{},[252,66337,66338,66341,66344],{},[255,66339,66340],{},"You need the position of a known value",[255,66342,66343],{},"You are working with a small list",[255,66345,66346],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66348,66349],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[30,66351,2301],{"id":2300},[981,66353,5643,66355,5646],{"id":66354},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66356,65107],{},[20,66358,66359],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[981,66361,2329,66363,5662,66365,66367],{"id":66362},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66364,65107],{},[15,66366,66096],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66369,66370,66371,765],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66372,40937],{},[981,66374,5671,66376,66378],{"id":66375},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66377,65107],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66380,66381],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[981,66383,66385,66386,2363],{"id":66384},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66387,59208],{},[20,66389,66390,66391,976,66393,66395],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66392,36302],{},[15,66394,52899],{}," arguments.",[30,66397,2375],{"id":2374},[252,66399,66400,66404,66408,66412],{},[255,66401,66402],{},[625,66403,59196],{"href":65537},[255,66405,66406],{},[625,66407,53010],{"href":54809},[255,66409,66410],{},[625,66411,66081],{"href":66080},[255,66413,66414],{},[625,66415,55759,66416,11221],{"href":59267},[15,66417,57530],{},[2414,66419,66420],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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{color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":66422},[66423,66424,66426,66427,66428,66429,66430,66432,66433,66434,66436,66446],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":65204,"depth":102,"text":66425},"What list.index() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":38251,"depth":102,"text":38252},{"id":65412,"depth":102,"text":65413},{"id":65541,"depth":102,"text":65542},{"id":65648,"depth":102,"text":66431},"Using start and end",{"id":65871,"depth":102,"text":65872},{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526},{"id":66329,"depth":102,"text":66435},"When to use index()",{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":66437},[66438,66440,66442,66444],{"id":66354,"depth":132,"text":66439},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66362,"depth":132,"text":66441},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66375,"depth":132,"text":66443},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66384,"depth":132,"text":66445},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65095,"description":66447},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66454,"title":66455,"body":66456,"description":68398,"extension":2465,"meta":68399,"navigation":169,"path":68400,"seo":68401,"stem":68402,"__hash__":68403},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66457,"toc":68358},[66458,66463,66468,66471,66480,66537,66543,66548,66552,66566,66572,66574,66597,66614,66616,66677,66679,66711,66724,66726,66729,66829,66831,66909,66915,66919,66927,66931,66937,66992,66994,67018,67022,67025,67078,67080,67104,67108,67111,67164,67166,67190,67194,67200,67271,67273,67314,67320,67327,67330,67335,67343,67348,67356,67358,67455,67457,67526,67533,67538,67540,67544,67549,67551,67622,67624,67653,67659,67661,67688,67691,67714,67718,67721,67743,67746,67769,67771,67831,67833,67865,67871,67876,67929,67931,67956,67959,68008,68010,68031,68035,68040,68043,68098,68100,68127,68134,68138,68143,68214,68217,68231,68236,68241,68243,68257,68269,68274,68276,68281,68286,68290,68293,68299,68305,68312,68320,68322,68355],[10,66459,54581,66461,18],{"id":66460},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66462,54507],{},[20,66464,66465,66467],{},[15,66466,54150],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66469,66470],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66472,227,66473,66475,66476,113],{},[15,66474,54507],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[625,66477,55759,66478,11221],{"href":57008},[15,66479,52891],{},[35,66481,66483],{"className":37,"code":66482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66484,66485,66505,66523,66533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66486,66487,66489,66491,66493,66495,66497,66499,66501,66503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66488,1551],{"class":50},[44,66490,55],{"class":54},[44,66492,1556],{"class":58},[44,66494,1588],{"class":95},[44,66496,83],{"class":58},[44,66498,1717],{"class":95},[44,66500,83],{"class":58},[44,66502,2961],{"class":95},[44,66504,1153],{"class":58},[44,66506,66507,66509,66511,66513,66515,66517,66519,66521],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66508,1579],{"class":50},[44,66510,113],{"class":58},[44,66512,54190],{"class":116},[44,66514,120],{"class":58},[44,66516,2561],{"class":95},[44,66518,83],{"class":58},[44,66520,2955],{"class":95},[44,66522,129],{"class":58},[44,66524,66525,66527,66529,66531],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,66526,136],{"class":135},[44,66528,120],{"class":58},[44,66530,1579],{"class":116},[44,66532,129],{"class":58},[44,66534,66535],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,66536,52962],{"class":147},[20,66538,227,66539,66542],{},[15,66540,66541],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[30,66544,243,66546,246],{"id":66545},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66547,54150],{},[20,66549,66550,72],{},[15,66551,54150],{},[252,66553,66554,66557,66560,66562],{},[255,66555,66556],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[255,66558,66559],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[255,66561,54667],{},[255,66563,11901,66564],{},[15,66565,4282],{},[20,66567,66568,66569,66571],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66570,54507],{}," does not create a new list.",[30,66573,5932],{"id":5931},[35,66575,66577],{"className":37,"code":66576,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66578,66579],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66580,66581,66583,66585,66587,66589,66591,66593,66595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66582,8834],{"class":50},[44,66584,113],{"class":58},[44,66586,54190],{"class":116},[44,66588,120],{"class":58},[44,66590,36075],{"class":116},[44,66592,83],{"class":58},[44,66594,29731],{"class":116},[44,66596,129],{"class":58},[252,66598,66599,66604,66609],{},[255,66600,66601,66603],{},[15,66602,36075],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[255,66605,66606,66608],{},[15,66607,23749],{}," is the value to add",[255,66610,66611,66612],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66613,2626],{},[20,66615,269],{},[35,66617,66619],{"className":37,"code":66618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66620,66621,66645,66667],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66622,66623,66625,66627,66629,66631,66633,66635,66637,66639,66641,66643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66624,36320],{"class":50},[44,66626,55],{"class":54},[44,66628,1556],{"class":58},[44,66630,63],{"class":62},[44,66632,625],{"class":66},[44,66634,63],{"class":62},[44,66636,83],{"class":58},[44,66638,75],{"class":62},[44,66640,696],{"class":66},[44,66642,63],{"class":62},[44,66644,1153],{"class":58},[44,66646,66647,66649,66651,66653,66655,66657,66659,66661,66663,66665],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66648,36373],{"class":50},[44,66650,113],{"class":58},[44,66652,54190],{"class":116},[44,66654,120],{"class":58},[44,66656,1588],{"class":95},[44,66658,83],{"class":58},[44,66660,75],{"class":62},[44,66662,639],{"class":66},[44,66664,63],{"class":62},[44,66666,129],{"class":58},[44,66668,66669,66671,66673,66675],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,66670,136],{"class":135},[44,66672,120],{"class":58},[44,66674,36373],{"class":116},[44,66676,129],{"class":58},[20,66678,2576],{},[35,66680,66681],{"className":37,"code":43110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66682,66683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66684,66685,66687,66689,66691,66693,66695,66697,66699,66701,66703,66705,66707,66709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66686,896],{"class":58},[44,66688,2197],{"class":62},[44,66690,625],{"class":66},[44,66692,2197],{"class":62},[44,66694,83],{"class":58},[44,66696,2232],{"class":62},[44,66698,639],{"class":66},[44,66700,2197],{"class":62},[44,66702,83],{"class":58},[44,66704,2232],{"class":62},[44,66706,696],{"class":66},[44,66708,2197],{"class":62},[44,66710,1153],{"class":58},[20,66712,381,66713,66715,66716,66718,66719,976,66721,113],{},[15,66714,65837],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66717,1588],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66720,18548],{},[15,66722,66723],{},"\"c\"",[30,66725,6288],{"id":6287},[20,66727,66728],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[35,66730,66732],{"className":37,"code":66731,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66733,66734,66766,66784,66788,66810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66735,66736,66738,66740,66742,66744,66746,66748,66750,66752,66754,66756,66758,66760,66762,66764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66737,13539],{"class":50},[44,66739,55],{"class":54},[44,66741,1556],{"class":58},[44,66743,63],{"class":62},[44,66745,13556],{"class":66},[44,66747,63],{"class":62},[44,66749,83],{"class":58},[44,66751,75],{"class":62},[44,66753,13573],{"class":66},[44,66755,63],{"class":62},[44,66757,83],{"class":58},[44,66759,75],{"class":62},[44,66761,17907],{"class":66},[44,66763,63],{"class":62},[44,66765,1153],{"class":58},[44,66767,66768,66770,66772,66774,66776,66778,66780,66782],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66769,136],{"class":135},[44,66771,120],{"class":58},[44,66773,63],{"class":62},[44,66775,12040],{"class":66},[44,66777,63],{"class":62},[44,66779,83],{"class":58},[44,66781,13587],{"class":116},[44,66783,129],{"class":58},[44,66785,66786],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,66787,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,66789,66790,66792,66794,66796,66798,66800,66802,66804,66806,66808],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,66791,17954],{"class":50},[44,66793,113],{"class":58},[44,66795,54190],{"class":116},[44,66797,120],{"class":58},[44,66799,1588],{"class":95},[44,66801,83],{"class":58},[44,66803,75],{"class":62},[44,66805,22962],{"class":66},[44,66807,63],{"class":62},[44,66809,129],{"class":58},[44,66811,66812,66814,66816,66818,66821,66823,66825,66827],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,66813,136],{"class":135},[44,66815,120],{"class":58},[44,66817,63],{"class":62},[44,66819,66820],{"class":66},"After: ",[44,66822,63],{"class":62},[44,66824,83],{"class":58},[44,66826,13587],{"class":116},[44,66828,129],{"class":58},[20,66830,2576],{},[35,66832,66834],{"className":37,"code":66833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66835,66836,66868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66837,66838,66840,66842,66844,66846,66848,66850,66852,66854,66856,66858,66860,66862,66864,66866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66839,12098],{"class":50},[44,66841,72],{"class":58},[44,66843,1556],{"class":58},[44,66845,2197],{"class":62},[44,66847,13556],{"class":66},[44,66849,2197],{"class":62},[44,66851,83],{"class":58},[44,66853,2232],{"class":62},[44,66855,13573],{"class":66},[44,66857,2197],{"class":62},[44,66859,83],{"class":58},[44,66861,2232],{"class":62},[44,66863,17907],{"class":66},[44,66865,2197],{"class":62},[44,66867,1153],{"class":58},[44,66869,66870,66872,66874,66877,66879,66881,66883,66885,66887,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899,66901,66903,66905,66907],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66871,12151],{"class":50},[44,66873,72],{"class":58},[44,66875,66876],{"class":58},"  [",[44,66878,2197],{"class":62},[44,66880,13556],{"class":66},[44,66882,2197],{"class":62},[44,66884,83],{"class":58},[44,66886,2232],{"class":62},[44,66888,22962],{"class":66},[44,66890,2197],{"class":62},[44,66892,83],{"class":58},[44,66894,2232],{"class":62},[44,66896,13573],{"class":66},[44,66898,2197],{"class":62},[44,66900,83],{"class":58},[44,66902,2232],{"class":62},[44,66904,17907],{"class":66},[44,66906,2197],{"class":62},[44,66908,1153],{"class":58},[20,66910,66911,66912,66914],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66913,1588],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[30,66916,66918],{"id":66917},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66920,2482,66921,35558,66923,66926],{},[15,66922,36075],{},[15,66924,66925],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[981,66928,66930],{"id":66929},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66932,66933,66934,66936],{},"Use index ",[15,66935,2626],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[35,66938,66940],{"className":37,"code":66939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66941,66942,66963,66982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66943,66944,66947,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66945,66946],{"class":50},"nums ",[44,66948,55],{"class":54},[44,66950,1556],{"class":58},[44,66952,2561],{"class":95},[44,66954,83],{"class":58},[44,66956,2955],{"class":95},[44,66958,83],{"class":58},[44,66960,2961],{"class":95},[44,66962,1153],{"class":58},[44,66964,66965,66968,66970,66972,66974,66976,66978,66980],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66966,66967],{"class":50},"nums",[44,66969,113],{"class":58},[44,66971,54190],{"class":116},[44,66973,120],{"class":58},[44,66975,2626],{"class":95},[44,66977,83],{"class":58},[44,66979,1703],{"class":95},[44,66981,129],{"class":58},[44,66983,66984,66986,66988,66990],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,66985,136],{"class":135},[44,66987,120],{"class":58},[44,66989,66967],{"class":116},[44,66991,129],{"class":58},[20,66993,2576],{},[35,66995,66996],{"className":37,"code":53744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66997,66998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66999,67000,67002,67004,67006,67008,67010,67012,67014,67016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67001,896],{"class":58},[44,67003,1588],{"class":95},[44,67005,83],{"class":58},[44,67007,1717],{"class":95},[44,67009,83],{"class":58},[44,67011,2955],{"class":95},[44,67013,83],{"class":58},[44,67015,2961],{"class":95},[44,67017,1153],{"class":58},[981,67019,67021],{"id":67020},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,67023,67024],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[35,67026,67028],{"className":37,"code":67027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67029,67030,67050,67068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67031,67032,67034,67036,67038,67040,67042,67044,67046,67048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67033,66946],{"class":50},[44,67035,55],{"class":54},[44,67037,1556],{"class":58},[44,67039,1588],{"class":95},[44,67041,83],{"class":58},[44,67043,1717],{"class":95},[44,67045,83],{"class":58},[44,67047,2961],{"class":95},[44,67049,1153],{"class":58},[44,67051,67052,67054,67056,67058,67060,67062,67064,67066],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67053,66967],{"class":50},[44,67055,113],{"class":58},[44,67057,54190],{"class":116},[44,67059,120],{"class":58},[44,67061,2561],{"class":95},[44,67063,83],{"class":58},[44,67065,2955],{"class":95},[44,67067,129],{"class":58},[44,67069,67070,67072,67074,67076],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,67071,136],{"class":135},[44,67073,120],{"class":58},[44,67075,66967],{"class":116},[44,67077,129],{"class":58},[20,67079,2576],{},[35,67081,67082],{"className":37,"code":53744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67083,67084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67085,67086,67088,67090,67092,67094,67096,67098,67100,67102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67087,896],{"class":58},[44,67089,1588],{"class":95},[44,67091,83],{"class":58},[44,67093,1717],{"class":95},[44,67095,83],{"class":58},[44,67097,2955],{"class":95},[44,67099,83],{"class":58},[44,67101,2961],{"class":95},[44,67103,1153],{"class":58},[981,67105,67107],{"id":67106},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,67109,67110],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[35,67112,67114],{"className":37,"code":67113,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67115,67116,67136,67154],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67117,67118,67120,67122,67124,67126,67128,67130,67132,67134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67119,66946],{"class":50},[44,67121,55],{"class":54},[44,67123,1556],{"class":58},[44,67125,1588],{"class":95},[44,67127,83],{"class":58},[44,67129,1717],{"class":95},[44,67131,83],{"class":58},[44,67133,2955],{"class":95},[44,67135,1153],{"class":58},[44,67137,67138,67140,67142,67144,67146,67148,67150,67152],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67139,66967],{"class":50},[44,67141,113],{"class":58},[44,67143,54190],{"class":116},[44,67145,120],{"class":58},[44,67147,1559],{"class":95},[44,67149,83],{"class":58},[44,67151,2961],{"class":95},[44,67153,129],{"class":58},[44,67155,67156,67158,67160,67162],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,67157,136],{"class":135},[44,67159,120],{"class":58},[44,67161,66967],{"class":116},[44,67163,129],{"class":58},[20,67165,2576],{},[35,67167,67168],{"className":37,"code":53744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67169,67170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67171,67172,67174,67176,67178,67180,67182,67184,67186,67188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67173,896],{"class":58},[44,67175,1588],{"class":95},[44,67177,83],{"class":58},[44,67179,1717],{"class":95},[44,67181,83],{"class":58},[44,67183,2955],{"class":95},[44,67185,83],{"class":58},[44,67187,2961],{"class":95},[44,67189,1153],{"class":58},[981,67191,67193],{"id":67192},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67195,67196,67197,67199],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67198,54507],{}," places the item before that position.",[35,67201,67203],{"className":37,"code":67202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67204,67205,67237,67261],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67206,67207,67209,67211,67213,67215,67217,67219,67221,67223,67225,67227,67229,67231,67233,67235],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67208,36320],{"class":50},[44,67210,55],{"class":54},[44,67212,1556],{"class":58},[44,67214,63],{"class":62},[44,67216,625],{"class":66},[44,67218,63],{"class":62},[44,67220,83],{"class":58},[44,67222,75],{"class":62},[44,67224,639],{"class":66},[44,67226,63],{"class":62},[44,67228,83],{"class":58},[44,67230,75],{"class":62},[44,67232,19217],{"class":66},[44,67234,63],{"class":62},[44,67236,1153],{"class":58},[44,67238,67239,67241,67243,67245,67247,67249,67251,67253,67255,67257,67259],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67240,36373],{"class":50},[44,67242,113],{"class":58},[44,67244,54190],{"class":116},[44,67246,120],{"class":58},[44,67248,2526],{"class":54},[44,67250,1588],{"class":95},[44,67252,83],{"class":58},[44,67254,75],{"class":62},[44,67256,696],{"class":66},[44,67258,63],{"class":62},[44,67260,129],{"class":58},[44,67262,67263,67265,67267,67269],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,67264,136],{"class":135},[44,67266,120],{"class":58},[44,67268,36373],{"class":116},[44,67270,129],{"class":58},[20,67272,2576],{},[35,67274,67276],{"className":37,"code":67275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67277,67278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67279,67280,67282,67284,67286,67288,67290,67292,67294,67296,67298,67300,67302,67304,67306,67308,67310,67312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67281,896],{"class":58},[44,67283,2197],{"class":62},[44,67285,625],{"class":66},[44,67287,2197],{"class":62},[44,67289,83],{"class":58},[44,67291,2232],{"class":62},[44,67293,639],{"class":66},[44,67295,2197],{"class":62},[44,67297,83],{"class":58},[44,67299,2232],{"class":62},[44,67301,696],{"class":66},[44,67303,2197],{"class":62},[44,67305,83],{"class":58},[44,67307,2232],{"class":62},[44,67309,19217],{"class":66},[44,67311,2197],{"class":62},[44,67313,1153],{"class":58},[20,67315,67316,67317,2808],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[625,67318,67319],{"href":51217},"Python lists beginner guide",[30,67321,67323,967,67325],{"id":67322},"insert-vs-append",[15,67324,54507],{},[15,67326,52891],{},[20,67328,67329],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[981,67331,227,67333,776],{"id":67332},"use-insert-when",[15,67334,54507],{},[252,67336,67337,67340],{},[255,67338,67339],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[255,67341,67342],{},"The order of the list matters",[981,67344,227,67346,776],{"id":67345},"use-append-when",[15,67347,52891],{},[252,67349,67350,67353],{},[255,67351,67352],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[255,67354,67355],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67357,269],{},[35,67359,67361],{"className":37,"code":67360,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67362,67363,67387,67391,67413,67423,67427,67445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67364,67365,67367,67369,67371,67373,67375,67377,67379,67381,67383,67385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67366,8276],{"class":50},[44,67368,55],{"class":54},[44,67370,1556],{"class":58},[44,67372,63],{"class":62},[44,67374,4582],{"class":66},[44,67376,63],{"class":62},[44,67378,83],{"class":58},[44,67380,75],{"class":62},[44,67382,33447],{"class":66},[44,67384,63],{"class":62},[44,67386,1153],{"class":58},[44,67388,67389],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67390,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,67392,67393,67395,67397,67399,67401,67403,67405,67407,67409,67411],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,67394,8305],{"class":50},[44,67396,113],{"class":58},[44,67398,54190],{"class":116},[44,67400,120],{"class":58},[44,67402,1588],{"class":95},[44,67404,83],{"class":58},[44,67406,75],{"class":62},[44,67408,4591],{"class":66},[44,67410,63],{"class":62},[44,67412,129],{"class":58},[44,67414,67415,67417,67419,67421],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,67416,136],{"class":135},[44,67418,120],{"class":58},[44,67420,8305],{"class":116},[44,67422,129],{"class":58},[44,67424,67425],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,67426,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,67428,67429,67431,67433,67435,67437,67439,67441,67443],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,67430,8305],{"class":50},[44,67432,113],{"class":58},[44,67434,14012],{"class":116},[44,67436,120],{"class":58},[44,67438,63],{"class":62},[44,67440,22971],{"class":66},[44,67442,63],{"class":62},[44,67444,129],{"class":58},[44,67446,67447,67449,67451,67453],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,67448,136],{"class":135},[44,67450,120],{"class":58},[44,67452,8305],{"class":116},[44,67454,129],{"class":58},[20,67456,2576],{},[35,67458,67460],{"className":37,"code":67459,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67461,67462,67490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67463,67464,67466,67468,67470,67472,67474,67476,67478,67480,67482,67484,67486,67488],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67465,896],{"class":58},[44,67467,2197],{"class":62},[44,67469,4582],{"class":66},[44,67471,2197],{"class":62},[44,67473,83],{"class":58},[44,67475,2232],{"class":62},[44,67477,4591],{"class":66},[44,67479,2197],{"class":62},[44,67481,83],{"class":58},[44,67483,2232],{"class":62},[44,67485,33447],{"class":66},[44,67487,2197],{"class":62},[44,67489,1153],{"class":58},[44,67491,67492,67494,67496,67498,67500,67502,67504,67506,67508,67510,67512,67514,67516,67518,67520,67522,67524],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67493,896],{"class":58},[44,67495,2197],{"class":62},[44,67497,4582],{"class":66},[44,67499,2197],{"class":62},[44,67501,83],{"class":58},[44,67503,2232],{"class":62},[44,67505,4591],{"class":66},[44,67507,2197],{"class":62},[44,67509,83],{"class":58},[44,67511,2232],{"class":62},[44,67513,33447],{"class":66},[44,67515,2197],{"class":62},[44,67517,83],{"class":58},[44,67519,2232],{"class":62},[44,67521,22971],{"class":66},[44,67523,2197],{"class":62},[44,67525,1153],{"class":58},[20,67527,67528,67529,113],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[625,67530,55759,67531,11221],{"href":57008},[15,67532,52891],{},[20,67534,67535,67536,113],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[625,67537,53288],{"href":53287},[30,67539,1526],{"id":1525},[20,67541,15191,67542,113],{},[15,67543,54507],{},[981,67545,13063,67547],{"id":67546},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67548,54507],{},[20,67550,26127],{},[35,67552,67554],{"className":37,"code":67553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67555,67556,67576,67598,67602,67612],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67557,67558,67560,67562,67564,67566,67568,67570,67572,67574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67559,1551],{"class":50},[44,67561,55],{"class":54},[44,67563,1556],{"class":58},[44,67565,1588],{"class":95},[44,67567,83],{"class":58},[44,67569,1717],{"class":95},[44,67571,83],{"class":58},[44,67573,2955],{"class":95},[44,67575,1153],{"class":58},[44,67577,67578,67580,67582,67584,67586,67588,67590,67592,67594,67596],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67579,1953],{"class":50},[44,67581,55],{"class":54},[44,67583,4767],{"class":50},[44,67585,113],{"class":58},[44,67587,54190],{"class":116},[44,67589,120],{"class":58},[44,67591,1588],{"class":95},[44,67593,83],{"class":58},[44,67595,10684],{"class":95},[44,67597,129],{"class":58},[44,67599,67600],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,67601,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,67603,67604,67606,67608,67610],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,67605,136],{"class":135},[44,67607,120],{"class":58},[44,67609,1984],{"class":116},[44,67611,129],{"class":58},[44,67613,67614,67616,67618,67620],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,67615,136],{"class":135},[44,67617,120],{"class":58},[44,67619,1579],{"class":116},[44,67621,129],{"class":58},[20,67623,2576],{},[35,67625,67627],{"className":37,"code":67626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67628,67629,67633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67630,67631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67632,12280],{"class":1266},[44,67634,67635,67637,67639,67641,67643,67645,67647,67649,67651],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67636,896],{"class":58},[44,67638,1588],{"class":95},[44,67640,83],{"class":58},[44,67642,10684],{"class":95},[44,67644,83],{"class":58},[44,67646,1717],{"class":95},[44,67648,83],{"class":58},[44,67650,2955],{"class":95},[44,67652,1153],{"class":58},[20,67654,67655,54392,67657,113],{},[15,67656,54507],{},[15,67658,4282],{},[20,67660,17098],{},[35,67662,67664],{"className":37,"code":67663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67665,67666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67667,67668,67670,67672,67674,67676,67678,67680,67682,67684,67686],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67669,56129],{"class":50},[44,67671,55],{"class":54},[44,67673,4767],{"class":50},[44,67675,113],{"class":58},[44,67677,54190],{"class":116},[44,67679,120],{"class":58},[44,67681,1588],{"class":95},[44,67683,83],{"class":58},[44,67685,10684],{"class":95},[44,67687,129],{"class":58},[20,67689,67690],{},"Right:",[35,67692,67694],{"className":37,"code":67693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67695,67696],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67697,67698,67700,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710,67712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67699,1579],{"class":50},[44,67701,113],{"class":58},[44,67703,54190],{"class":116},[44,67705,120],{"class":58},[44,67707,1588],{"class":95},[44,67709,83],{"class":58},[44,67711,10684],{"class":95},[44,67713,129],{"class":58},[981,67715,67717],{"id":67716},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67719,67720],{},"The correct order is:",[35,67722,67723],{"className":37,"code":66576,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67724,67725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67726,67727,67729,67731,67733,67735,67737,67739,67741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67728,8834],{"class":50},[44,67730,113],{"class":58},[44,67732,54190],{"class":116},[44,67734,120],{"class":58},[44,67736,36075],{"class":116},[44,67738,83],{"class":58},[44,67740,29731],{"class":116},[44,67742,129],{"class":58},[20,67744,67745],{},"Not:",[35,67747,67749],{"className":37,"code":67748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67750,67751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67752,67753,67755,67757,67759,67761,67763,67765,67767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67754,8834],{"class":50},[44,67756,113],{"class":58},[44,67758,54190],{"class":116},[44,67760,120],{"class":58},[44,67762,23749],{"class":116},[44,67764,83],{"class":58},[44,67766,36050],{"class":116},[44,67768,129],{"class":58},[20,67770,269],{},[35,67772,67773],{"className":37,"code":66618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67774,67775,67799,67821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67776,67777,67779,67781,67783,67785,67787,67789,67791,67793,67795,67797],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67778,36320],{"class":50},[44,67780,55],{"class":54},[44,67782,1556],{"class":58},[44,67784,63],{"class":62},[44,67786,625],{"class":66},[44,67788,63],{"class":62},[44,67790,83],{"class":58},[44,67792,75],{"class":62},[44,67794,696],{"class":66},[44,67796,63],{"class":62},[44,67798,1153],{"class":58},[44,67800,67801,67803,67805,67807,67809,67811,67813,67815,67817,67819],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67802,36373],{"class":50},[44,67804,113],{"class":58},[44,67806,54190],{"class":116},[44,67808,120],{"class":58},[44,67810,1588],{"class":95},[44,67812,83],{"class":58},[44,67814,75],{"class":62},[44,67816,639],{"class":66},[44,67818,63],{"class":62},[44,67820,129],{"class":58},[44,67822,67823,67825,67827,67829],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,67824,136],{"class":135},[44,67826,120],{"class":58},[44,67828,36373],{"class":116},[44,67830,129],{"class":58},[20,67832,2576],{},[35,67834,67835],{"className":37,"code":43110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67836,67837],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67838,67839,67841,67843,67845,67847,67849,67851,67853,67855,67857,67859,67861,67863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67840,896],{"class":58},[44,67842,2197],{"class":62},[44,67844,625],{"class":66},[44,67846,2197],{"class":62},[44,67848,83],{"class":58},[44,67850,2232],{"class":62},[44,67852,639],{"class":66},[44,67854,2197],{"class":62},[44,67856,83],{"class":58},[44,67858,2232],{"class":62},[44,67860,696],{"class":66},[44,67862,2197],{"class":62},[44,67864,1153],{"class":58},[981,67866,1904,67868,67870],{"id":67867},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67869,54507],{}," to replace an item",[20,67872,67873,67875],{},[15,67874,54507],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[35,67877,67879],{"className":37,"code":67878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67880,67881,67901,67919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67882,67883,67885,67887,67889,67891,67893,67895,67897,67899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67884,1551],{"class":50},[44,67886,55],{"class":54},[44,67888,1556],{"class":58},[44,67890,1588],{"class":95},[44,67892,83],{"class":58},[44,67894,1717],{"class":95},[44,67896,83],{"class":58},[44,67898,2955],{"class":95},[44,67900,1153],{"class":58},[44,67902,67903,67905,67907,67909,67911,67913,67915,67917],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67904,1579],{"class":50},[44,67906,113],{"class":58},[44,67908,54190],{"class":116},[44,67910,120],{"class":58},[44,67912,1588],{"class":95},[44,67914,83],{"class":58},[44,67916,10684],{"class":95},[44,67918,129],{"class":58},[44,67920,67921,67923,67925,67927],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,67922,136],{"class":135},[44,67924,120],{"class":58},[44,67926,1579],{"class":116},[44,67928,129],{"class":58},[20,67930,2576],{},[35,67932,67934],{"className":37,"code":67933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67935,67936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67937,67938,67940,67942,67944,67946,67948,67950,67952,67954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67939,896],{"class":58},[44,67941,1588],{"class":95},[44,67943,83],{"class":58},[44,67945,10684],{"class":95},[44,67947,83],{"class":58},[44,67949,1717],{"class":95},[44,67951,83],{"class":58},[44,67953,2955],{"class":95},[44,67955,1153],{"class":58},[20,67957,67958],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[35,67960,67962],{"className":37,"code":67961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67963,67964,67984,67998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67965,67966,67968,67970,67972,67974,67976,67978,67980,67982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67967,1551],{"class":50},[44,67969,55],{"class":54},[44,67971,1556],{"class":58},[44,67973,1588],{"class":95},[44,67975,83],{"class":58},[44,67977,1717],{"class":95},[44,67979,83],{"class":58},[44,67981,2955],{"class":95},[44,67983,1153],{"class":58},[44,67985,67986,67988,67990,67992,67994,67996],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67987,1579],{"class":50},[44,67989,896],{"class":58},[44,67991,1588],{"class":95},[44,67993,905],{"class":58},[44,67995,13736],{"class":54},[44,67997,14589],{"class":95},[44,67999,68000,68002,68004,68006],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,68001,136],{"class":135},[44,68003,120],{"class":58},[44,68005,1579],{"class":116},[44,68007,129],{"class":58},[20,68009,2576],{},[35,68011,68013],{"className":37,"code":68012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,68014,68015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68016,68017,68019,68021,68023,68025,68027,68029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68018,896],{"class":58},[44,68020,1588],{"class":95},[44,68022,83],{"class":58},[44,68024,10684],{"class":95},[44,68026,83],{"class":58},[44,68028,2955],{"class":95},[44,68030,1153],{"class":58},[981,68032,68034],{"id":68033},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,68036,68037,68039],{},[15,68038,54507],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,68041,68042],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[35,68044,68046],{"className":37,"code":68045,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68047,68048,68064,68088],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68049,68050,68052,68054,68056,68058,68060,68062],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68051,1551],{"class":50},[44,68053,55],{"class":54},[44,68055,1556],{"class":58},[44,68057,1588],{"class":95},[44,68059,83],{"class":58},[44,68061,2961],{"class":95},[44,68063,1153],{"class":58},[44,68065,68066,68068,68070,68072,68074,68076,68078,68080,68082,68084,68086],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68067,1579],{"class":50},[44,68069,113],{"class":58},[44,68071,54190],{"class":116},[44,68073,120],{"class":58},[44,68075,1588],{"class":95},[44,68077,83],{"class":58},[44,68079,1556],{"class":58},[44,68081,2561],{"class":95},[44,68083,83],{"class":58},[44,68085,2955],{"class":95},[44,68087,4391],{"class":58},[44,68089,68090,68092,68094,68096],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,68091,136],{"class":135},[44,68093,120],{"class":58},[44,68095,1579],{"class":116},[44,68097,129],{"class":58},[20,68099,2576],{},[35,68101,68103],{"className":37,"code":68102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,68104,68105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68106,68107,68109,68111,68113,68115,68117,68119,68121,68123,68125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68108,896],{"class":58},[44,68110,1588],{"class":95},[44,68112,83],{"class":58},[44,68114,1556],{"class":58},[44,68116,2561],{"class":95},[44,68118,83],{"class":58},[44,68120,2955],{"class":95},[44,68122,18514],{"class":58},[44,68124,2961],{"class":95},[44,68126,1153],{"class":58},[20,68128,68129,68130,113],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[625,68131,55759,68132,11221],{"href":53583},[15,68133,53685],{},[981,68135,68137],{"id":68136},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,68139,2154,68140,68142],{},[15,68141,54507],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[35,68144,68146],{"className":37,"code":68145,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68147,68148,68158,68172,68190,68204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68149,68150,68152,68154,68156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68151,136],{"class":135},[44,68153,120],{"class":58},[44,68155,8834],{"class":116},[44,68157,129],{"class":58},[44,68159,68160,68162,68164,68166,68168,68170],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68161,136],{"class":135},[44,68163,120],{"class":58},[44,68165,11641],{"class":135},[44,68167,120],{"class":58},[44,68169,8834],{"class":116},[44,68171,2239],{"class":58},[44,68173,68174,68176,68178,68180,68182,68184,68186,68188],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,68175,136],{"class":135},[44,68177,120],{"class":58},[44,68179,8834],{"class":116},[44,68181,113],{"class":58},[44,68183,54190],{"class":25189},[44,68185,113],{"class":58},[44,68187,34673],{"class":34680},[44,68189,129],{"class":58},[44,68191,68192,68194,68196,68198,68200,68202],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,68193,32378],{"class":135},[44,68195,120],{"class":58},[44,68197,8588],{"class":2248},[44,68199,113],{"class":58},[44,68201,54190],{"class":25189},[44,68203,129],{"class":58},[44,68205,68206,68208,68210,68212],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,68207,2249],{"class":2248},[44,68209,120],{"class":58},[44,68211,8834],{"class":116},[44,68213,129],{"class":58},[20,68215,68216],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[252,68218,68219,68222,68225,68228],{},[255,68220,68221],{},"What is currently in the list",[255,68223,68224],{},"How long the list is",[255,68226,68227],{},"That you are working with a real list",[255,68229,68230],{},"How Python describes the method",[30,68232,769,68234],{"id":68233},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68235,54507],{},[20,68237,227,68238,68240],{},[15,68239,54507],{}," when position matters.",[20,68242,36656],{},[252,68244,68245,68248,68251,68254],{},[255,68246,68247],{},"Ordered menus",[255,68249,68250],{},"Rankings or score lists",[255,68252,68253],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[255,68255,68256],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68258,68259,68260,68262,68263,68265,68266,68268],{},"You usually do ",[590,68261,592],{}," need ",[15,68264,54507],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68267,52891],{}," is simpler.",[20,68270,68271,68272,113],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[625,68273,57394],{"href":57393},[30,68275,2301],{"id":2300},[981,68277,2329,68279,55708],{"id":68278},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68280,54150],{},[20,68282,68283,68284,113],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68285,4282],{},[981,68287,68289],{"id":68288},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68291,68292],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[981,68294,5671,68296,68298],{"id":68295},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68297,54150],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68300,68301,68302,68304],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68303,53685],{}," or slicing.",[981,68306,2358,68308,976,68310,2363],{"id":68307},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68309,54507],{},[15,68311,52891],{},[20,68313,68314,68316,68317,68319],{},[15,68315,54507],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68318,52891],{}," adds only at the end.",[30,68321,2375],{"id":2374},[252,68323,68324,68330,68336,68340,68344,68348],{},[255,68325,68326],{},[625,68327,55759,68328,11221],{"href":57008},[15,68329,52891],{},[255,68331,68332],{},[625,68333,55759,68334,11221],{"href":53583},[15,68335,53685],{},[255,68337,68338],{},[625,68339,54517],{"href":53287},[255,68341,68342],{},[625,68343,53010],{"href":51217},[255,68345,68346],{},[625,68347,57468],{"href":57393},[255,68349,68350],{},[625,68351,30572,68352,33860],{"href":54535},[15,68353,68354],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2414,68356,68357],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":68359},[68360,68362,68363,68364,68370,68377,68386,68388,68397],{"id":66545,"depth":102,"text":68361},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5931,"depth":102,"text":5932},{"id":6287,"depth":102,"text":6288},{"id":66917,"depth":102,"text":66918,"children":68365},[68366,68367,68368,68369],{"id":66929,"depth":132,"text":66930},{"id":67020,"depth":132,"text":67021},{"id":67106,"depth":132,"text":67107},{"id":67192,"depth":132,"text":67193},{"id":67322,"depth":102,"text":68371,"children":68372},"insert() vs append()",[68373,68375],{"id":67332,"depth":132,"text":68374},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67345,"depth":132,"text":68376},"Use append() when:",{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526,"children":68378},[68379,68381,68382,68384,68385],{"id":67546,"depth":132,"text":68380},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67716,"depth":132,"text":67717},{"id":67867,"depth":132,"text":68383},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":68033,"depth":132,"text":68034},{"id":68136,"depth":132,"text":68137},{"id":68233,"depth":102,"text":68387},"When to use insert()",{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":68389},[68390,68392,68393,68395],{"id":68278,"depth":132,"text":68391},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68288,"depth":132,"text":68289},{"id":68295,"depth":132,"text":68394},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68307,"depth":132,"text":68396},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66455,"description":68398},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68405,"title":68406,"body":68407,"description":69962,"extension":2465,"meta":69963,"navigation":169,"path":59213,"seo":69964,"stem":69965,"__hash__":69966},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68408,"toc":69935},[68409,68415,68424,68473,68475,68483,68489,68491,68509,68515,68520,68523,68526,68541,68543,68595,68597,68605,68613,68620,68622,68628,68693,68695,68703,68705,68724,68727,68778,68782,68787,68814,68816,68824,68827,68896,68898,68913,68919,68923,68932,68935,68990,68992,69000,69003,69005,69050,69052,69060,69066,69068,69076,69079,69081,69120,69122,69161,69166,69168,69170,69205,69208,69210,69248,69252,69258,69260,69311,69313,69321,69328,69331,69352,69355,69410,69421,69423,69484,69486,69495,69502,69508,69511,69514,69571,69574,69587,69594,69600,69606,69608,69621,69624,69721,69723,69740,69743,69825,69827,69849,69856,69862,69864,69868,69874,69880,69885,69889,69892,69898,69905,69907,69932],[10,68410,68412,68413,144],{"id":68411},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68414,11641],{},[20,68416,68417,68418,68420,68421,68423],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68419,42595],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68422,42595],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[35,68425,68427],{"className":37,"code":68426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68428,68429,68449,68463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68430,68431,68433,68435,68437,68439,68441,68443,68445,68447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68432,1551],{"class":50},[44,68434,55],{"class":54},[44,68436,1556],{"class":58},[44,68438,1559],{"class":95},[44,68440,83],{"class":58},[44,68442,646],{"class":95},[44,68444,83],{"class":58},[44,68446,1568],{"class":95},[44,68448,1153],{"class":58},[44,68450,68451,68453,68455,68457,68459,68461],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68452,41475],{"class":50},[44,68454,55],{"class":54},[44,68456,38618],{"class":135},[44,68458,120],{"class":58},[44,68460,1579],{"class":116},[44,68462,129],{"class":58},[44,68464,68465,68467,68469,68471],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,68466,136],{"class":135},[44,68468,120],{"class":58},[44,68470,41493],{"class":116},[44,68472,129],{"class":58},[20,68474,2576],{},[35,68476,68477],{"className":37,"code":46853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68478,68479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68480,68481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68482,46853],{"class":95},[20,68484,227,68485,68488],{},[15,68486,68487],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[30,68490,15619],{"id":15618},[252,68492,68493,68498,68503,68506],{},[255,68494,4702,68495,68497],{},[15,68496,42595],{}," works with Python lists",[255,68499,68500,68501,12180],{},"What value ",[15,68502,42595],{},[255,68504,68505],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[255,68507,68508],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[30,68510,243,68512,68514],{"id":68511},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68513,42595],{}," returns for a list",[20,68516,68517,65327],{},[15,68518,68519],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68521,68522],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68524,68525],{},"A few important points:",[252,68527,68528,68531,68536],{},[255,68529,68530],{},"It counts list items",[255,68532,41139,68533,68535],{},[590,68534,592],{}," count characters inside a string item",[255,68537,68538,68539],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68540,2626],{},[20,68542,269],{},[35,68544,68546],{"className":37,"code":68545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68547,68548,68581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68549,68550,68552,68554,68556,68558,68560,68562,68564,68566,68569,68571,68573,68575,68577,68579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68551,4573],{"class":50},[44,68553,55],{"class":54},[44,68555,1556],{"class":58},[44,68557,63],{"class":62},[44,68559,37278],{"class":66},[44,68561,63],{"class":62},[44,68563,83],{"class":58},[44,68565,75],{"class":62},[44,68567,68568],{"class":66},"elephant",[44,68570,63],{"class":62},[44,68572,83],{"class":58},[44,68574,75],{"class":62},[44,68576,58367],{"class":66},[44,68578,63],{"class":62},[44,68580,1153],{"class":58},[44,68582,68583,68585,68587,68589,68591,68593],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68584,136],{"class":135},[44,68586,120],{"class":58},[44,68588,11641],{"class":135},[44,68590,120],{"class":58},[44,68592,4617],{"class":116},[44,68594,2239],{"class":58},[20,68596,2576],{},[35,68598,68599],{"className":37,"code":46853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68600,68601],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68602,68603],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68604,46853],{"class":95},[20,68606,21421,68607,68610,68611,65334],{},[15,68608,68609],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[590,68612,52895],{},[20,68614,68615,68616,113],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[625,68617,4083,68618,4016],{"href":42592},[15,68619,42595],{},[30,68621,6288],{"id":6287},[20,68623,68624,68625,68627],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68626,42595],{},", and print the result.",[35,68629,68631],{"className":37,"code":68630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68632,68633,68665,68679,68683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68634,68635,68637,68639,68641,68643,68645,68647,68649,68651,68653,68655,68657,68659,68661,68663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68636,13539],{"class":50},[44,68638,55],{"class":54},[44,68640,1556],{"class":58},[44,68642,63],{"class":62},[44,68644,13556],{"class":66},[44,68646,63],{"class":62},[44,68648,83],{"class":58},[44,68650,75],{"class":62},[44,68652,17907],{"class":66},[44,68654,63],{"class":62},[44,68656,83],{"class":58},[44,68658,75],{"class":62},[44,68660,13573],{"class":66},[44,68662,63],{"class":62},[44,68664,1153],{"class":58},[44,68666,68667,68669,68671,68673,68675,68677],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68668,41475],{"class":50},[44,68670,55],{"class":54},[44,68672,38618],{"class":135},[44,68674,120],{"class":58},[44,68676,17954],{"class":116},[44,68678,129],{"class":58},[44,68680,68681],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,68682,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,68684,68685,68687,68689,68691],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,68686,136],{"class":135},[44,68688,120],{"class":58},[44,68690,41493],{"class":116},[44,68692,129],{"class":58},[20,68694,2576],{},[35,68696,68697],{"className":37,"code":46853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68698,68699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68700,68701],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68702,46853],{"class":95},[20,68704,12158],{},[252,68706,68707,68712,68719],{},[255,68708,68709,68711],{},[15,68710,17954],{}," is a list with 3 items",[255,68713,68714,2901,68717],{},[15,68715,68716],{},"len(colors)",[15,68718,2567],{},[255,68720,68721,68722],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68723,41493],{},[20,68725,68726],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[35,68728,68730],{"className":37,"code":68729,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68731,68732,68764],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68733,68734,68736,68738,68740,68742,68744,68746,68748,68750,68752,68754,68756,68758,68760,68762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68735,13539],{"class":50},[44,68737,55],{"class":54},[44,68739,1556],{"class":58},[44,68741,63],{"class":62},[44,68743,13556],{"class":66},[44,68745,63],{"class":62},[44,68747,83],{"class":58},[44,68749,75],{"class":62},[44,68751,17907],{"class":66},[44,68753,63],{"class":62},[44,68755,83],{"class":58},[44,68757,75],{"class":62},[44,68759,13573],{"class":66},[44,68761,63],{"class":62},[44,68763,1153],{"class":58},[44,68765,68766,68768,68770,68772,68774,68776],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68767,136],{"class":135},[44,68769,120],{"class":58},[44,68771,11641],{"class":135},[44,68773,120],{"class":58},[44,68775,17954],{"class":116},[44,68777,2239],{"class":58},[30,68779,68781],{"id":68780},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68783,68784,68785,113],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68786,2626],{},[35,68788,68790],{"className":37,"code":68789,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68791,68792,68800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68793,68794,68796,68798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68795,8276],{"class":50},[44,68797,55],{"class":54},[44,68799,8334],{"class":58},[44,68801,68802,68804,68806,68808,68810,68812],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68803,136],{"class":135},[44,68805,120],{"class":58},[44,68807,11641],{"class":135},[44,68809,120],{"class":58},[44,68811,8305],{"class":116},[44,68813,2239],{"class":58},[20,68815,2576],{},[35,68817,68818],{"className":37,"code":47488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68819,68820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68821,68822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68823,47488],{"class":95},[20,68825,68826],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[35,68828,68830],{"className":37,"code":68829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68831,68832,68840,68844,68862,68876,68882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68833,68834,68836,68838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68835,8276],{"class":50},[44,68837,55],{"class":54},[44,68839,8334],{"class":58},[44,68841,68842],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68843,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,68845,68846,68848,68850,68852,68854,68856,68858,68860],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,68847,1345],{"class":1140},[44,68849,38618],{"class":135},[44,68851,120],{"class":58},[44,68853,8305],{"class":116},[44,68855,144],{"class":58},[44,68857,38628],{"class":54},[44,68859,561],{"class":95},[44,68861,1359],{"class":58},[44,68863,68864,68866,68868,68870,68872,68874],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,68865,1387],{"class":135},[44,68867,120],{"class":58},[44,68869,8305],{"class":116},[44,68871,896],{"class":58},[44,68873,2626],{"class":95},[44,68875,4391],{"class":58},[44,68877,68878,68880],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,68879,1398],{"class":1140},[44,68881,1359],{"class":58},[44,68883,68884,68886,68888,68890,68892,68894],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,68885,1387],{"class":135},[44,68887,120],{"class":58},[44,68889,63],{"class":62},[44,68891,52054],{"class":66},[44,68893,63],{"class":62},[44,68895,129],{"class":58},[20,68897,2576],{},[35,68899,68901],{"className":37,"code":68900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The list is empty\n",[15,68902,68903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68904,68905,68907,68909,68911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68906,2482],{"class":50},[44,68908,8588],{"class":2248},[44,68910,8591],{"class":54},[44,68912,8597],{"class":50},[20,68914,68915,68916,68918],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[625,68917,53010],{"href":51217}," is a good next step.",[30,68920,68922],{"id":68921},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68924,68925,68927,68928,68931],{},[15,68926,42595],{}," counts only the ",[590,68929,68930],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68933,68934],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[35,68936,68938],{"className":37,"code":68937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68939,68940,68976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68941,68942,68944,68946,68948,68950,68952,68954,68956,68958,68960,68962,68964,68966,68968,68970,68972,68974],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68943,616],{"class":50},[44,68945,55],{"class":54},[44,68947,56533],{"class":58},[44,68949,1588],{"class":95},[44,68951,83],{"class":58},[44,68953,1717],{"class":95},[44,68955,18514],{"class":58},[44,68957,1556],{"class":58},[44,68959,2567],{"class":95},[44,68961,83],{"class":58},[44,68963,2961],{"class":95},[44,68965,18514],{"class":58},[44,68967,1556],{"class":58},[44,68969,2643],{"class":95},[44,68971,83],{"class":58},[44,68973,37875],{"class":95},[44,68975,53481],{"class":58},[44,68977,68978,68980,68982,68984,68986,68988],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68979,136],{"class":135},[44,68981,120],{"class":58},[44,68983,11641],{"class":135},[44,68985,120],{"class":58},[44,68987,750],{"class":116},[44,68989,2239],{"class":58},[20,68991,2576],{},[35,68993,68994],{"className":37,"code":46853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68995,68996],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68997,68998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68999,46853],{"class":95},[20,69001,69002],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,69004,52318],{},[35,69006,69008],{"className":37,"code":69007,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,69009,69010,69036],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69011,69012,69014,69016,69018,69020,69022,69024,69026,69028,69030,69032,69034],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69013,59713],{"class":50},[44,69015,55],{"class":54},[44,69017,1556],{"class":58},[44,69019,1588],{"class":95},[44,69021,83],{"class":58},[44,69023,1556],{"class":58},[44,69025,2561],{"class":95},[44,69027,83],{"class":58},[44,69029,2955],{"class":95},[44,69031,18514],{"class":58},[44,69033,2961],{"class":95},[44,69035,1153],{"class":58},[44,69037,69038,69040,69042,69044,69046,69048],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69039,136],{"class":135},[44,69041,120],{"class":58},[44,69043,11641],{"class":135},[44,69045,120],{"class":58},[44,69047,59766],{"class":116},[44,69049,2239],{"class":58},[20,69051,2576],{},[35,69053,69054],{"className":37,"code":46853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,69055,69056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69057,69058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69059,46853],{"class":95},[20,69061,21421,69062,69065],{},[15,69063,69064],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[30,69067,1526],{"id":1525},[981,69069,1785,69071,2037,69074],{"id":69070},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,69072,69073],{},"my_list.len()",[15,69075,68519],{},[20,69077,69078],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,69080,17098],{},[35,69082,69084],{"className":37,"code":69083,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,69085,69086,69106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69087,69088,69090,69092,69094,69096,69098,69100,69102,69104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69089,1551],{"class":50},[44,69091,55],{"class":54},[44,69093,1556],{"class":58},[44,69095,1559],{"class":95},[44,69097,83],{"class":58},[44,69099,646],{"class":95},[44,69101,83],{"class":58},[44,69103,1568],{"class":95},[44,69105,1153],{"class":58},[44,69107,69108,69110,69112,69114,69116,69118],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69109,136],{"class":135},[44,69111,120],{"class":58},[44,69113,1579],{"class":116},[44,69115,113],{"class":58},[44,69117,11641],{"class":116},[44,69119,2188],{"class":58},[20,69121,17110],{},[35,69123,69125],{"className":37,"code":69124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,69126,69127,69147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69128,69129,69131,69133,69135,69137,69139,69141,69143,69145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69130,1551],{"class":50},[44,69132,55],{"class":54},[44,69134,1556],{"class":58},[44,69136,1559],{"class":95},[44,69138,83],{"class":58},[44,69140,646],{"class":95},[44,69142,83],{"class":58},[44,69144,1568],{"class":95},[44,69146,1153],{"class":58},[44,69148,69149,69151,69153,69155,69157,69159],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69150,136],{"class":135},[44,69152,120],{"class":58},[44,69154,11641],{"class":135},[44,69156,120],{"class":58},[44,69158,1579],{"class":116},[44,69160,2239],{"class":58},[20,69162,69163,69165],{},[15,69164,42595],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[981,69167,26124],{"id":26123},[20,69169,17098],{},[35,69171,69173],{"className":37,"code":69172,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69174,69175,69195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69176,69177,69179,69181,69183,69185,69187,69189,69191,69193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69178,1551],{"class":50},[44,69180,55],{"class":54},[44,69182,1556],{"class":58},[44,69184,1559],{"class":95},[44,69186,83],{"class":58},[44,69188,646],{"class":95},[44,69190,83],{"class":58},[44,69192,1568],{"class":95},[44,69194,1153],{"class":58},[44,69196,69197,69199,69201,69203],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69198,136],{"class":135},[44,69200,120],{"class":58},[44,69202,11641],{"class":135},[44,69204,129],{"class":58},[20,69206,69207],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69209,17110],{},[35,69211,69212],{"className":37,"code":69124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,69213,69214,69234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69215,69216,69218,69220,69222,69224,69226,69228,69230,69232],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69217,1551],{"class":50},[44,69219,55],{"class":54},[44,69221,1556],{"class":58},[44,69223,1559],{"class":95},[44,69225,83],{"class":58},[44,69227,646],{"class":95},[44,69229,83],{"class":58},[44,69231,1568],{"class":95},[44,69233,1153],{"class":58},[44,69235,69236,69238,69240,69242,69244,69246],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69237,136],{"class":135},[44,69239,120],{"class":58},[44,69241,11641],{"class":135},[44,69243,120],{"class":58},[44,69245,1579],{"class":116},[44,69247,2239],{"class":58},[981,69249,69251],{"id":69250},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69253,69254,69255,69257],{},"The length of a list is ",[590,69256,592],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69259,269],{},[35,69261,69263],{"className":37,"code":69262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69264,69265,69297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69266,69267,69269,69271,69273,69275,69277,69279,69281,69283,69285,69287,69289,69291,69293,69295],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69268,36320],{"class":50},[44,69270,55],{"class":54},[44,69272,1556],{"class":58},[44,69274,63],{"class":62},[44,69276,625],{"class":66},[44,69278,63],{"class":62},[44,69280,83],{"class":58},[44,69282,75],{"class":62},[44,69284,639],{"class":66},[44,69286,63],{"class":62},[44,69288,83],{"class":58},[44,69290,75],{"class":62},[44,69292,696],{"class":66},[44,69294,63],{"class":62},[44,69296,1153],{"class":58},[44,69298,69299,69301,69303,69305,69307,69309],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69300,136],{"class":135},[44,69302,120],{"class":58},[44,69304,11641],{"class":135},[44,69306,120],{"class":58},[44,69308,36373],{"class":116},[44,69310,2239],{"class":58},[20,69312,2576],{},[35,69314,69315],{"className":37,"code":46853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,69316,69317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69318,69319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69320,46853],{"class":95},[20,69322,69323,69324,19413,69326,113],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69325,2561],{},[15,69327,2567],{},[20,69329,69330],{},"Indexes are:",[252,69332,69333,69340,69346],{},[255,69334,69335,69337,69338],{},[15,69336,2626],{}," for ",[15,69339,18548],{},[255,69341,69342,69337,69344],{},[15,69343,1588],{},[15,69345,65837],{},[255,69347,69348,69337,69350],{},[15,69349,2561],{},[15,69351,66723],{},[20,69353,69354],{},"So this causes an error:",[35,69356,69358],{"className":37,"code":69357,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69359,69360,69392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69361,69362,69364,69366,69368,69370,69372,69374,69376,69378,69380,69382,69384,69386,69388,69390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69363,36320],{"class":50},[44,69365,55],{"class":54},[44,69367,1556],{"class":58},[44,69369,63],{"class":62},[44,69371,625],{"class":66},[44,69373,63],{"class":62},[44,69375,83],{"class":58},[44,69377,75],{"class":62},[44,69379,639],{"class":66},[44,69381,63],{"class":62},[44,69383,83],{"class":58},[44,69385,75],{"class":62},[44,69387,696],{"class":66},[44,69389,63],{"class":62},[44,69391,1153],{"class":58},[44,69393,69394,69396,69398,69400,69402,69404,69406,69408],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69395,136],{"class":135},[44,69397,120],{"class":58},[44,69399,36373],{"class":116},[44,69401,896],{"class":58},[44,69403,11641],{"class":135},[44,69405,120],{"class":58},[44,69407,36373],{"class":116},[44,69409,11161],{"class":58},[20,69411,8990,69412,5285,69415,69417,69418,69420],{},[15,69413,69414],{},"len(letters)",[15,69416,2567],{},", and index ",[15,69419,2567],{}," does not exist.",[20,69422,19290],{},[35,69424,69426],{"className":37,"code":69425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69427,69428,69460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69429,69430,69432,69434,69436,69438,69440,69442,69444,69446,69448,69450,69452,69454,69456,69458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69431,36320],{"class":50},[44,69433,55],{"class":54},[44,69435,1556],{"class":58},[44,69437,63],{"class":62},[44,69439,625],{"class":66},[44,69441,63],{"class":62},[44,69443,83],{"class":58},[44,69445,75],{"class":62},[44,69447,639],{"class":66},[44,69449,63],{"class":62},[44,69451,83],{"class":58},[44,69453,75],{"class":62},[44,69455,696],{"class":66},[44,69457,63],{"class":62},[44,69459,1153],{"class":58},[44,69461,69462,69464,69466,69468,69470,69472,69474,69476,69478,69480,69482],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69463,136],{"class":135},[44,69465,120],{"class":58},[44,69467,36373],{"class":116},[44,69469,896],{"class":58},[44,69471,11641],{"class":135},[44,69473,120],{"class":58},[44,69475,36373],{"class":116},[44,69477,144],{"class":58},[44,69479,908],{"class":54},[44,69481,1703],{"class":95},[44,69483,4391],{"class":58},[20,69485,2576],{},[35,69487,69489],{"className":37,"code":69488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"c\n",[15,69490,69491],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69492,69493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69494,69488],{"class":50},[20,69496,69497,69498,113],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[625,69499,69501],{"href":69500},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[981,69503,1785,69505,69507],{"id":69504},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69506,42595],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69509,69510],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69512,69513],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[35,69515,69517],{"className":37,"code":69516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69518,69519,69529,69543,69557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69520,69521,69523,69525,69527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69522,136],{"class":135},[44,69524,120],{"class":58},[44,69526,8834],{"class":116},[44,69528,129],{"class":58},[44,69530,69531,69533,69535,69537,69539,69541],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69532,136],{"class":135},[44,69534,120],{"class":58},[44,69536,11641],{"class":135},[44,69538,120],{"class":58},[44,69540,8834],{"class":116},[44,69542,2239],{"class":58},[44,69544,69545,69547,69549,69551,69553,69555],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,69546,136],{"class":135},[44,69548,120],{"class":58},[44,69550,2249],{"class":2248},[44,69552,120],{"class":58},[44,69554,8834],{"class":116},[44,69556,2239],{"class":58},[44,69558,69559,69561,69563,69565,69567,69569],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,69560,136],{"class":135},[44,69562,120],{"class":58},[44,69564,8834],{"class":116},[44,69566,896],{"class":58},[44,69568,2626],{"class":95},[44,69570,4391],{"class":58},[20,69572,69573],{},"These help you verify:",[252,69575,69576,69579,69581,69584],{},[255,69577,69578],{},"what the variable contains",[255,69580,61025],{},[255,69582,69583],{},"whether it is really a list",[255,69585,69586],{},"what the first item is",[20,69588,69589,69590,69593],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69591,69592],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[30,69595,769,69597,69599],{"id":69596},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69598,42595],{}," with lists",[20,69601,69602,69603,69605],{},"You will often use ",[15,69604,42595],{}," in real programs.",[20,69607,9863],{},[252,69609,69610,69612,69615,69618],{},[255,69611,52008],{},[255,69613,69614],{},"Control loops",[255,69616,69617],{},"Validate input or results",[255,69619,69620],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69622,69623],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[35,69625,69627],{"className":37,"code":69626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69628,69629,69649,69665,69669,69683,69697],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69630,69631,69633,69635,69637,69639,69641,69643,69645,69647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69632,3058],{"class":50},[44,69634,55],{"class":54},[44,69636,1556],{"class":58},[44,69638,1588],{"class":95},[44,69640,83],{"class":58},[44,69642,1717],{"class":95},[44,69644,83],{"class":58},[44,69646,2955],{"class":95},[44,69648,1153],{"class":58},[44,69650,69651,69653,69655,69657,69659,69661,69663],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69652,3086],{"class":50},[44,69654,55],{"class":54},[44,69656,1556],{"class":58},[44,69658,1559],{"class":95},[44,69660,83],{"class":58},[44,69662,646],{"class":95},[44,69664,1153],{"class":58},[44,69666,69667],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,69668,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,69670,69671,69673,69675,69677,69679,69681],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,69672,136],{"class":135},[44,69674,120],{"class":58},[44,69676,11641],{"class":135},[44,69678,120],{"class":58},[44,69680,625],{"class":116},[44,69682,2239],{"class":58},[44,69684,69685,69687,69689,69691,69693,69695],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,69686,136],{"class":135},[44,69688,120],{"class":58},[44,69690,11641],{"class":135},[44,69692,120],{"class":58},[44,69694,639],{"class":116},[44,69696,2239],{"class":58},[44,69698,69699,69701,69703,69705,69707,69709,69711,69713,69715,69717,69719],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,69700,136],{"class":135},[44,69702,120],{"class":58},[44,69704,11641],{"class":135},[44,69706,120],{"class":58},[44,69708,625],{"class":116},[44,69710,144],{"class":58},[44,69712,38628],{"class":54},[44,69714,38618],{"class":135},[44,69716,120],{"class":58},[44,69718,639],{"class":116},[44,69720,2239],{"class":58},[20,69722,2576],{},[35,69724,69726],{"className":37,"code":69725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69727,69728,69732,69736],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69729,69730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69731,46853],{"class":95},[44,69733,69734],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69735,17510],{"class":95},[44,69737,69738],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,69739,4482],{"class":1266},[20,69741,69742],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[35,69744,69746],{"className":37,"code":69745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69747,69748,69780,69784,69806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69749,69750,69752,69754,69756,69758,69760,69762,69764,69766,69768,69770,69772,69774,69776,69778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69751,5496],{"class":50},[44,69753,55],{"class":54},[44,69755,1556],{"class":58},[44,69757,63],{"class":62},[44,69759,78],{"class":66},[44,69761,63],{"class":62},[44,69763,83],{"class":58},[44,69765,75],{"class":62},[44,69767,36170],{"class":66},[44,69769,63],{"class":62},[44,69771,83],{"class":58},[44,69773,75],{"class":62},[44,69775,36179],{"class":66},[44,69777,63],{"class":62},[44,69779,1153],{"class":58},[44,69781,69782],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69783,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,69785,69786,69788,69791,69793,69795,69797,69799,69801,69803],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,69787,6459],{"class":1140},[44,69789,69790],{"class":50}," i ",[44,69792,4385],{"class":1140},[44,69794,54309],{"class":135},[44,69796,120],{"class":58},[44,69798,11641],{"class":135},[44,69800,120],{"class":58},[44,69802,5540],{"class":116},[44,69804,69805],{"class":58},")):\n",[44,69807,69808,69810,69812,69814,69816,69819,69821,69823],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,69809,1387],{"class":135},[44,69811,120],{"class":58},[44,69813,36384],{"class":116},[44,69815,83],{"class":58},[44,69817,69818],{"class":116}," names",[44,69820,896],{"class":58},[44,69822,36384],{"class":116},[44,69824,4391],{"class":58},[20,69826,2576],{},[35,69828,69829],{"className":37,"code":36228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,69830,69831,69837,69843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69832,69833,69835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69834,2626],{"class":95},[44,69836,36237],{"class":50},[44,69838,69839,69841],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69840,1588],{"class":95},[44,69842,36244],{"class":50},[44,69844,69845,69847],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,69846,2561],{"class":95},[44,69848,36251],{"class":50},[20,69850,69851,69852,113],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[625,69853,69855],{"href":69854},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69857,69858,69859,69861],{},"You can also read ",[625,69860,51785],{"href":51784}," for a task-focused guide.",[30,69863,2301],{"id":2300},[981,69865,69867],{"id":69866},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69869,227,69870,69873],{},[15,69871,69872],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[981,69875,5643,69877,13182],{"id":69876},"what-does-len-return",[15,69878,69879],{},"len([])",[20,69881,5649,69882,69884],{},[15,69883,2626],{}," because the list is empty.",[981,69886,69888],{"id":69887},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69890,69891],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[981,69893,2339,69895,69897],{"id":69894},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69896,69073],{}," in Python?",[20,69899,30495,69900,8717,69902,69904],{},[15,69901,68519],{},[15,69903,42595],{}," is a built-in function.",[30,69906,2375],{"id":2374},[252,69908,69909,69915,69919,69923,69927],{},[255,69910,69911],{},[625,69912,4083,69913,4016],{"href":42592},[15,69914,42595],{},[255,69916,69917],{},[625,69918,52829],{"href":51784},[255,69920,69921],{},[625,69922,53010],{"href":51217},[255,69924,69925],{},[625,69926,69501],{"href":69500},[255,69928,69929],{},[625,69930,69931],{"href":69854},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2414,69933,69934],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":69936},[69937,69938,69940,69941,69942,69943,69951,69953,69961],{"id":15618,"depth":102,"text":15619},{"id":68511,"depth":102,"text":69939},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6287,"depth":102,"text":6288},{"id":68780,"depth":102,"text":68781},{"id":68921,"depth":102,"text":68922},{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526,"children":69944},[69945,69947,69948,69949],{"id":69070,"depth":132,"text":69946},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":26123,"depth":132,"text":26124},{"id":69250,"depth":132,"text":69251},{"id":69504,"depth":132,"text":69950},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69596,"depth":102,"text":69952},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":69954},[69955,69956,69958,69959],{"id":69866,"depth":132,"text":69867},{"id":69876,"depth":132,"text":69957},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69887,"depth":132,"text":69888},{"id":69894,"depth":132,"text":69960},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68406,"description":69962},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69968,"title":69969,"body":69970,"description":71952,"extension":2465,"meta":71953,"navigation":169,"path":71954,"seo":71955,"stem":71956,"__hash__":71957},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69971,"toc":71925},[69972,69975,69980,69983,69991,70004,70006,70071,70073,70095,70100,70104,70109,70117,70119,70129,70131,70212,70214,70244,70246,70265,70270,70287,70289,70373,70375,70405,70410,70414,70420,70504,70506,70536,70539,70543,70546,70637,70639,70677,70680,70765,70767,70797,70803,70810,70814,70819,70828,70830,70915,70917,70946,70949,70957,70961,70965,70974,70997,70999,71021,71023,71037,71039,71099,71103,71108,71147,71149,71166,71168,71178,71277,71282,71286,71291,71334,71336,71364,71366,71380,71455,71457,71479,71483,71486,71491,71502,71507,71515,71518,71589,71591,71616,71673,71675,71696,71705,71713,71718,71720,71725,71746,71749,71824,71827,71841,71848,71850,71854,71860,71864,71874,71878,71885,71889,71895,71897,71922],[10,69973,69969],{"id":69974},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69976,69977,69979],{},[15,69978,55321],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69981,69982],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[252,69984,69985,69988],{},[255,69986,69987],{},"delete an item from a list",[255,69989,69990],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69992,69993,69994,69996,69997,9200,69999,70003],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69995,17],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69998,17],{},[625,70000,70001],{"href":55311},[15,70002,55768],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[30,70005,2507],{"id":2506},[35,70007,70009],{"className":37,"code":70008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70010,70011,70031,70046,70050,70061],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70012,70013,70015,70017,70019,70021,70023,70025,70027,70029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70014,1551],{"class":50},[44,70016,55],{"class":54},[44,70018,1556],{"class":58},[44,70020,1559],{"class":95},[44,70022,83],{"class":58},[44,70024,646],{"class":95},[44,70026,83],{"class":58},[44,70028,1568],{"class":95},[44,70030,1153],{"class":58},[44,70032,70033,70036,70038,70040,70042,70044],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70034,70035],{"class":50},"last_item ",[44,70037,55],{"class":54},[44,70039,4767],{"class":50},[44,70041,113],{"class":58},[44,70043,117],{"class":116},[44,70045,9138],{"class":58},[44,70047,70048],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,70049,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,70051,70052,70054,70056,70059],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,70053,136],{"class":135},[44,70055,120],{"class":58},[44,70057,70058],{"class":116},"last_item",[44,70060,129],{"class":58},[44,70062,70063,70065,70067,70069],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,70064,136],{"class":135},[44,70066,120],{"class":58},[44,70068,1579],{"class":116},[44,70070,129],{"class":58},[20,70072,2576],{},[35,70074,70076],{"className":37,"code":70075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,70077,70078,70083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70079,70080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70081,70082],{"class":95},"30\n",[44,70084,70085,70087,70089,70091,70093],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70086,896],{"class":58},[44,70088,1559],{"class":95},[44,70090,83],{"class":58},[44,70092,646],{"class":95},[44,70094,1153],{"class":58},[20,70096,227,70097,70099],{},[15,70098,17],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[30,70101,70103],{"id":70102},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,70105,70106,70108],{},[15,70107,17],{}," has two main jobs:",[252,70110,70111,70114],{},[255,70112,70113],{},"It removes one item from a list",[255,70115,70116],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,70118,43885],{},[252,70120,70121,70124,70127],{},[255,70122,70123],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[255,70125,70126],{},"It changes the original list",[255,70128,52984],{},[20,70130,269],{},[35,70132,70134],{"className":37,"code":70133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,70135,70136,70168,70172,70187,70191,70202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70137,70138,70140,70142,70144,70146,70148,70150,70152,70154,70156,70158,70160,70162,70164,70166],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70139,13539],{"class":50},[44,70141,55],{"class":54},[44,70143,1556],{"class":58},[44,70145,63],{"class":62},[44,70147,13556],{"class":66},[44,70149,63],{"class":62},[44,70151,83],{"class":58},[44,70153,75],{"class":62},[44,70155,17907],{"class":66},[44,70157,63],{"class":62},[44,70159,83],{"class":58},[44,70161,75],{"class":62},[44,70163,13573],{"class":66},[44,70165,63],{"class":62},[44,70167,1153],{"class":58},[44,70169,70170],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70171,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,70173,70174,70177,70179,70181,70183,70185],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,70175,70176],{"class":50},"removed ",[44,70178,55],{"class":54},[44,70180,13587],{"class":50},[44,70182,113],{"class":58},[44,70184,117],{"class":116},[44,70186,9138],{"class":58},[44,70188,70189],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,70190,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,70192,70193,70195,70197,70200],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,70194,136],{"class":135},[44,70196,120],{"class":58},[44,70198,70199],{"class":116},"removed",[44,70201,129],{"class":58},[44,70203,70204,70206,70208,70210],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,70205,136],{"class":135},[44,70207,120],{"class":58},[44,70209,17954],{"class":116},[44,70211,129],{"class":58},[20,70213,2576],{},[35,70215,70217],{"className":37,"code":70216,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70218,70219,70224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70220,70221],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70222,70223],{"class":50},"blue\n",[44,70225,70226,70228,70230,70232,70234,70236,70238,70240,70242],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70227,896],{"class":58},[44,70229,2197],{"class":62},[44,70231,13556],{"class":66},[44,70233,2197],{"class":62},[44,70235,83],{"class":58},[44,70237,2232],{"class":62},[44,70239,17907],{"class":66},[44,70241,2197],{"class":62},[44,70243,1153],{"class":58},[30,70245,392],{"id":391},[35,70247,70249],{"className":37,"code":70248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70250,70251],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70252,70253,70255,70257,70259,70261,70263],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70254,8588],{"class":2248},[44,70256,113],{"class":58},[44,70258,117],{"class":116},[44,70260,3492],{"class":58},[44,70262,36075],{"class":116},[44,70264,4391],{"class":58},[20,70266,2482,70267,70269],{},[15,70268,36075],{}," is optional.",[252,70271,70272,70278,70284],{},[255,70273,70274,70275,70277],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70276,17],{}," removes the last item",[255,70279,70280,70281,70283],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70282,17],{}," removes the item at that position",[255,70285,70286],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70288,269],{},[35,70290,70292],{"className":37,"code":70291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70293,70294,70326,70330,70349,70353,70363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70295,70296,70298,70300,70302,70304,70306,70308,70310,70312,70314,70316,70318,70320,70322,70324],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70297,36320],{"class":50},[44,70299,55],{"class":54},[44,70301,1556],{"class":58},[44,70303,63],{"class":62},[44,70305,625],{"class":66},[44,70307,63],{"class":62},[44,70309,83],{"class":58},[44,70311,75],{"class":62},[44,70313,639],{"class":66},[44,70315,63],{"class":62},[44,70317,83],{"class":58},[44,70319,75],{"class":62},[44,70321,696],{"class":66},[44,70323,63],{"class":62},[44,70325,1153],{"class":58},[44,70327,70328],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70329,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,70331,70332,70334,70336,70339,70341,70343,70345,70347],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,70333,28762],{"class":50},[44,70335,55],{"class":54},[44,70337,70338],{"class":50}," letters",[44,70340,113],{"class":58},[44,70342,117],{"class":116},[44,70344,120],{"class":58},[44,70346,1588],{"class":95},[44,70348,129],{"class":58},[44,70350,70351],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,70352,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,70354,70355,70357,70359,70361],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,70356,136],{"class":135},[44,70358,120],{"class":58},[44,70360,23749],{"class":116},[44,70362,129],{"class":58},[44,70364,70365,70367,70369,70371],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,70366,136],{"class":135},[44,70368,120],{"class":58},[44,70370,36373],{"class":116},[44,70372,129],{"class":58},[20,70374,2576],{},[35,70376,70378],{"className":37,"code":70377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70379,70380,70385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70381,70382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70383,70384],{"class":50},"b\n",[44,70386,70387,70389,70391,70393,70395,70397,70399,70401,70403],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70388,896],{"class":58},[44,70390,2197],{"class":62},[44,70392,625],{"class":66},[44,70394,2197],{"class":62},[44,70396,83],{"class":58},[44,70398,2232],{"class":62},[44,70400,696],{"class":66},[44,70402,2197],{"class":62},[44,70404,1153],{"class":58},[20,70406,70407,70408,113],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[625,70409,53010],{"href":51217},[30,70411,70413],{"id":70412},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70415,70416,70417,70419],{},"When you call ",[15,70418,17],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[35,70421,70423],{"className":37,"code":70422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70424,70425,70460,70464,70479,70483,70494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70426,70427,70429,70431,70433,70435,70438,70440,70442,70444,70447,70449,70451,70453,70456,70458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70428,30122],{"class":50},[44,70430,55],{"class":54},[44,70432,1556],{"class":58},[44,70434,63],{"class":62},[44,70436,70437],{"class":66},"write",[44,70439,63],{"class":62},[44,70441,83],{"class":58},[44,70443,75],{"class":62},[44,70445,70446],{"class":66},"test",[44,70448,63],{"class":62},[44,70450,83],{"class":58},[44,70452,75],{"class":62},[44,70454,70455],{"class":66},"submit",[44,70457,63],{"class":62},[44,70459,1153],{"class":58},[44,70461,70462],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70463,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,70465,70466,70469,70471,70473,70475,70477],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,70467,70468],{"class":50},"last_task ",[44,70470,55],{"class":54},[44,70472,30200],{"class":50},[44,70474,113],{"class":58},[44,70476,117],{"class":116},[44,70478,9138],{"class":58},[44,70480,70481],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,70482,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,70484,70485,70487,70489,70492],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,70486,136],{"class":135},[44,70488,120],{"class":58},[44,70490,70491],{"class":116},"last_task",[44,70493,129],{"class":58},[44,70495,70496,70498,70500,70502],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,70497,136],{"class":135},[44,70499,120],{"class":58},[44,70501,36736],{"class":116},[44,70503,129],{"class":58},[20,70505,2576],{},[35,70507,70509],{"className":37,"code":70508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70510,70511,70516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70512,70513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70514,70515],{"class":50},"submit\n",[44,70517,70518,70520,70522,70524,70526,70528,70530,70532,70534],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70519,896],{"class":58},[44,70521,2197],{"class":62},[44,70523,70437],{"class":66},[44,70525,2197],{"class":62},[44,70527,83],{"class":58},[44,70529,2232],{"class":62},[44,70531,70446],{"class":66},[44,70533,2197],{"class":62},[44,70535,1153],{"class":58},[20,70537,70538],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[30,70540,70542],{"id":70541},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70544,70545],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[35,70547,70549],{"className":37,"code":70548,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70550,70551,70591,70595,70613,70617,70627],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70552,70553,70555,70557,70559,70561,70563,70565,70567,70569,70571,70573,70575,70577,70579,70581,70583,70585,70587,70589],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70554,36469],{"class":50},[44,70556,55],{"class":54},[44,70558,1556],{"class":58},[44,70560,63],{"class":62},[44,70562,4582],{"class":66},[44,70564,63],{"class":62},[44,70566,83],{"class":58},[44,70568,75],{"class":62},[44,70570,4591],{"class":66},[44,70572,63],{"class":62},[44,70574,83],{"class":58},[44,70576,75],{"class":62},[44,70578,4600],{"class":66},[44,70580,63],{"class":62},[44,70582,83],{"class":58},[44,70584,75],{"class":62},[44,70586,33447],{"class":66},[44,70588,63],{"class":62},[44,70590,1153],{"class":58},[44,70592,70593],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70594,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,70596,70597,70599,70601,70603,70605,70607,70609,70611],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,70598,70176],{"class":50},[44,70600,55],{"class":54},[44,70602,53090],{"class":50},[44,70604,113],{"class":58},[44,70606,117],{"class":116},[44,70608,120],{"class":58},[44,70610,1588],{"class":95},[44,70612,129],{"class":58},[44,70614,70615],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,70616,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,70618,70619,70621,70623,70625],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,70620,136],{"class":135},[44,70622,120],{"class":58},[44,70624,70199],{"class":116},[44,70626,129],{"class":58},[44,70628,70629,70631,70633,70635],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,70630,136],{"class":135},[44,70632,120],{"class":58},[44,70634,36521],{"class":116},[44,70636,129],{"class":58},[20,70638,2576],{},[35,70640,70642],{"className":37,"code":70641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70643,70644,70649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70645,70646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70647,70648],{"class":50},"banana\n",[44,70650,70651,70653,70655,70657,70659,70661,70663,70665,70667,70669,70671,70673,70675],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70652,896],{"class":58},[44,70654,2197],{"class":62},[44,70656,4582],{"class":66},[44,70658,2197],{"class":62},[44,70660,83],{"class":58},[44,70662,2232],{"class":62},[44,70664,4600],{"class":66},[44,70666,2197],{"class":62},[44,70668,83],{"class":58},[44,70670,2232],{"class":62},[44,70672,33447],{"class":66},[44,70674,2197],{"class":62},[44,70676,1153],{"class":58},[20,70678,70679],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[35,70681,70683],{"className":37,"code":70682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70684,70685,70717,70721,70741,70745,70755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70686,70687,70689,70691,70693,70695,70697,70699,70701,70703,70705,70707,70709,70711,70713,70715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70688,36469],{"class":50},[44,70690,55],{"class":54},[44,70692,1556],{"class":58},[44,70694,63],{"class":62},[44,70696,4582],{"class":66},[44,70698,63],{"class":62},[44,70700,83],{"class":58},[44,70702,75],{"class":62},[44,70704,4591],{"class":66},[44,70706,63],{"class":62},[44,70708,83],{"class":58},[44,70710,75],{"class":62},[44,70712,4600],{"class":66},[44,70714,63],{"class":62},[44,70716,1153],{"class":58},[44,70718,70719],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70720,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,70722,70723,70725,70727,70729,70731,70733,70735,70737,70739],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,70724,70176],{"class":50},[44,70726,55],{"class":54},[44,70728,53090],{"class":50},[44,70730,113],{"class":58},[44,70732,117],{"class":116},[44,70734,120],{"class":58},[44,70736,2526],{"class":54},[44,70738,1588],{"class":95},[44,70740,129],{"class":58},[44,70742,70743],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,70744,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,70746,70747,70749,70751,70753],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,70748,136],{"class":135},[44,70750,120],{"class":58},[44,70752,70199],{"class":116},[44,70754,129],{"class":58},[44,70756,70757,70759,70761,70763],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,70758,136],{"class":135},[44,70760,120],{"class":58},[44,70762,36521],{"class":116},[44,70764,129],{"class":58},[20,70766,2576],{},[35,70768,70770],{"className":37,"code":70769,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70771,70772,70777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70773,70774],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70775,70776],{"class":50},"cherry\n",[44,70778,70779,70781,70783,70785,70787,70789,70791,70793,70795],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70780,896],{"class":58},[44,70782,2197],{"class":62},[44,70784,4582],{"class":66},[44,70786,2197],{"class":62},[44,70788,83],{"class":58},[44,70790,2232],{"class":62},[44,70792,4591],{"class":66},[44,70794,2197],{"class":62},[44,70796,1153],{"class":58},[20,70798,70799,70800,70802],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70801,66096],{}," means the last item.",[20,70804,70805,70806,113],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[625,70807,70808,11221],{"href":59205},[15,70809,65107],{},[30,70811,70813],{"id":70812},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70815,70816,70818],{},[15,70817,17],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70820,70821,70822,976,70824,113],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70823,17],{},[625,70825,70826],{"href":55311},[15,70827,55768],{},[20,70829,269],{},[35,70831,70833],{"className":37,"code":70832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70834,70835,70867,70871,70890,70894,70905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70836,70837,70839,70841,70843,70845,70847,70849,70851,70853,70855,70857,70859,70861,70863,70865],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70838,5496],{"class":50},[44,70840,55],{"class":54},[44,70842,1556],{"class":58},[44,70844,63],{"class":62},[44,70846,78],{"class":66},[44,70848,63],{"class":62},[44,70850,83],{"class":58},[44,70852,75],{"class":62},[44,70854,36170],{"class":66},[44,70856,63],{"class":62},[44,70858,83],{"class":58},[44,70860,75],{"class":62},[44,70862,36179],{"class":66},[44,70864,63],{"class":62},[44,70866,1153],{"class":58},[44,70868,70869],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70870,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,70872,70873,70876,70878,70880,70882,70884,70886,70888],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,70874,70875],{"class":50},"removed_name ",[44,70877,55],{"class":54},[44,70879,69818],{"class":50},[44,70881,113],{"class":58},[44,70883,117],{"class":116},[44,70885,120],{"class":58},[44,70887,2626],{"class":95},[44,70889,129],{"class":58},[44,70891,70892],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,70893,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,70895,70896,70898,70900,70903],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,70897,136],{"class":135},[44,70899,120],{"class":58},[44,70901,70902],{"class":116},"removed_name",[44,70904,129],{"class":58},[44,70906,70907,70909,70911,70913],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,70908,136],{"class":135},[44,70910,120],{"class":58},[44,70912,5540],{"class":116},[44,70914,129],{"class":58},[20,70916,2576],{},[35,70918,70920],{"className":37,"code":70919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70921,70922,70926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70923,70924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70925,50277],{"class":50},[44,70927,70928,70930,70932,70934,70936,70938,70940,70942,70944],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70929,896],{"class":58},[44,70931,2197],{"class":62},[44,70933,36170],{"class":66},[44,70935,2197],{"class":62},[44,70937,83],{"class":58},[44,70939,2232],{"class":62},[44,70941,36179],{"class":66},[44,70943,2197],{"class":62},[44,70945,1153],{"class":58},[20,70947,70948],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70950,70951,70952,70954,70955,113],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70953,55768],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70956,4282],{},[30,70958,70960],{"id":70959},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[981,70962,70964],{"id":70963},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70966,70967,70968,70970,70971,113],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70969,17],{}," raises an ",[15,70972,70973],{},"IndexError",[35,70975,70977],{"className":37,"code":70976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70978,70979,70987],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70980,70981,70983,70985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70982,8276],{"class":50},[44,70984,55],{"class":54},[44,70986,8334],{"class":58},[44,70988,70989,70991,70993,70995],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70990,8305],{"class":50},[44,70992,113],{"class":58},[44,70994,117],{"class":116},[44,70996,9138],{"class":58},[20,70998,2576],{},[35,71000,71002],{"className":37,"code":71001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,71003,71004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71005,71006,71008,71010,71013,71016,71019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71007,70973],{"class":2248},[44,71009,72],{"class":58},[44,71011,71012],{"class":50}," pop ",[44,71014,71015],{"class":1140},"from",[44,71017,71018],{"class":50}," empty ",[44,71020,50123],{"class":2248},[20,71022,39494],{},[252,71024,71025,71030],{},[255,71026,71027,71028],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,71029,17],{},[255,71031,71032,71033,976,71035],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,71034,30028],{},[15,71036,30059],{},[20,71038,269],{},[35,71040,71042],{"className":37,"code":71041,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,71043,71044,71052,71056,71064,71078,71084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71045,71046,71048,71050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71047,8276],{"class":50},[44,71049,55],{"class":54},[44,71051,8334],{"class":58},[44,71053,71054],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71055,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,71057,71058,71060,71062],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,71059,1345],{"class":1140},[44,71061,6467],{"class":50},[44,71063,1359],{"class":58},[44,71065,71066,71068,71070,71072,71074,71076],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,71067,1387],{"class":135},[44,71069,120],{"class":58},[44,71071,8305],{"class":116},[44,71073,113],{"class":58},[44,71075,117],{"class":116},[44,71077,2188],{"class":58},[44,71079,71080,71082],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,71081,1398],{"class":1140},[44,71083,1359],{"class":58},[44,71085,71086,71088,71090,71092,71095,71097],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,71087,1387],{"class":135},[44,71089,120],{"class":58},[44,71091,63],{"class":62},[44,71093,71094],{"class":66},"The list is empty.",[44,71096,63],{"class":62},[44,71098,129],{"class":58},[981,71100,71102],{"id":71101},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,71104,71105,71106,113],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,71107,70973],{},[35,71109,71111],{"className":37,"code":71110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,71112,71113,71133],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71114,71115,71117,71119,71121,71123,71125,71127,71129,71131],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71116,1551],{"class":50},[44,71118,55],{"class":54},[44,71120,1556],{"class":58},[44,71122,1559],{"class":95},[44,71124,83],{"class":58},[44,71126,646],{"class":95},[44,71128,83],{"class":58},[44,71130,1568],{"class":95},[44,71132,1153],{"class":58},[44,71134,71135,71137,71139,71141,71143,71145],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71136,1579],{"class":50},[44,71138,113],{"class":58},[44,71140,117],{"class":116},[44,71142,120],{"class":58},[44,71144,2643],{"class":95},[44,71146,129],{"class":58},[20,71148,2576],{},[35,71150,71152],{"className":37,"code":71151,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71153,71154],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71155,71156,71158,71160,71163],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71157,70973],{"class":2248},[44,71159,72],{"class":58},[44,71161,71162],{"class":50}," pop index out of ",[44,71164,71165],{"class":135},"range\n",[20,71167,39494],{},[252,71169,71170,71175],{},[255,71171,71172,71173],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71174,42595],{},[255,71176,71177],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[35,71179,71181],{"className":37,"code":71180,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71182,71183,71203,71212,71216,71238,71256,71262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71184,71185,71187,71189,71191,71193,71195,71197,71199,71201],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71186,1551],{"class":50},[44,71188,55],{"class":54},[44,71190,1556],{"class":58},[44,71192,1559],{"class":95},[44,71194,83],{"class":58},[44,71196,646],{"class":95},[44,71198,83],{"class":58},[44,71200,1568],{"class":95},[44,71202,1153],{"class":58},[44,71204,71205,71208,71210],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71206,71207],{"class":50},"index ",[44,71209,55],{"class":54},[44,71211,45825],{"class":95},[44,71213,71214],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,71215,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,71217,71218,71220,71222,71225,71228,71230,71232,71234,71236],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,71219,1345],{"class":1140},[44,71221,561],{"class":95},[44,71223,71224],{"class":54}," \u003C=",[44,71226,71227],{"class":50}," index ",[44,71229,3797],{"class":54},[44,71231,38618],{"class":135},[44,71233,120],{"class":58},[44,71235,1579],{"class":116},[44,71237,8837],{"class":58},[44,71239,71240,71242,71244,71246,71248,71250,71252,71254],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,71241,1387],{"class":135},[44,71243,120],{"class":58},[44,71245,1579],{"class":116},[44,71247,113],{"class":58},[44,71249,117],{"class":116},[44,71251,120],{"class":58},[44,71253,36075],{"class":116},[44,71255,2239],{"class":58},[44,71257,71258,71260],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,71259,1398],{"class":1140},[44,71261,1359],{"class":58},[44,71263,71264,71266,71268,71270,71273,71275],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,71265,1387],{"class":135},[44,71267,120],{"class":58},[44,71269,63],{"class":62},[44,71271,71272],{"class":66},"Index is out of range.",[44,71274,63],{"class":62},[44,71276,129],{"class":58},[20,71278,71279,71280,113],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[625,71281,69501],{"href":69500},[981,71283,71285],{"id":71284},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71287,71288,71290],{},[15,71289,17],{}," expects an integer index.",[35,71292,71294],{"className":37,"code":71293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71295,71296,71316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71297,71298,71300,71302,71304,71306,71308,71310,71312,71314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71299,1551],{"class":50},[44,71301,55],{"class":54},[44,71303,1556],{"class":58},[44,71305,1559],{"class":95},[44,71307,83],{"class":58},[44,71309,646],{"class":95},[44,71311,83],{"class":58},[44,71313,1568],{"class":95},[44,71315,1153],{"class":58},[44,71317,71318,71320,71322,71324,71326,71328,71330,71332],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71319,1579],{"class":50},[44,71321,113],{"class":58},[44,71323,117],{"class":116},[44,71325,120],{"class":58},[44,71327,63],{"class":62},[44,71329,1588],{"class":66},[44,71331,63],{"class":62},[44,71333,129],{"class":58},[20,71335,2576],{},[35,71337,71339],{"className":37,"code":71338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71340,71341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71342,71343,71345,71347,71349,71351,71353,71355,71358,71361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71344,3511],{"class":2248},[44,71346,72],{"class":58},[44,71348,2232],{"class":62},[44,71350,3950],{"class":66},[44,71352,2197],{"class":62},[44,71354,25056],{"class":2248},[44,71356,71357],{"class":50}," cannot be interpreted ",[44,71359,71360],{"class":1140},"as",[44,71362,71363],{"class":50}," an integer\n",[20,71365,39494],{},[252,71367,71368,71377],{},[255,71369,71370,71371,2695,71373,2699,71375],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71372,2626],{},[15,71374,1588],{},[15,71376,66096],{},[255,71378,71379],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[35,71381,71383],{"className":37,"code":71382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71384,71385,71405,71423,71427,71445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71386,71387,71389,71391,71393,71395,71397,71399,71401,71403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71388,1551],{"class":50},[44,71390,55],{"class":54},[44,71392,1556],{"class":58},[44,71394,1559],{"class":95},[44,71396,83],{"class":58},[44,71398,646],{"class":95},[44,71400,83],{"class":58},[44,71402,1568],{"class":95},[44,71404,1153],{"class":58},[44,71406,71407,71409,71411,71413,71415,71417,71419,71421],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71408,71207],{"class":50},[44,71410,55],{"class":54},[44,71412,45512],{"class":2248},[44,71414,120],{"class":58},[44,71416,63],{"class":62},[44,71418,1588],{"class":66},[44,71420,63],{"class":62},[44,71422,129],{"class":58},[44,71424,71425],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,71426,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,71428,71429,71431,71433,71435,71437,71439,71441,71443],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,71430,136],{"class":135},[44,71432,120],{"class":58},[44,71434,1579],{"class":116},[44,71436,113],{"class":58},[44,71438,117],{"class":116},[44,71440,120],{"class":58},[44,71442,36075],{"class":116},[44,71444,2239],{"class":58},[44,71446,71447,71449,71451,71453],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,71448,136],{"class":135},[44,71450,120],{"class":58},[44,71452,1579],{"class":116},[44,71454,129],{"class":58},[20,71456,2576],{},[35,71458,71460],{"className":37,"code":71459,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71461,71462,71467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71463,71464],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71465,71466],{"class":95},"20\n",[44,71468,71469,71471,71473,71475,71477],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71470,896],{"class":58},[44,71472,1559],{"class":95},[44,71474,83],{"class":58},[44,71476,1568],{"class":95},[44,71478,1153],{"class":58},[30,71480,71482],{"id":71481},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71484,71485],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[981,71487,227,71489,776],{"id":71488},"use-pop-when",[15,71490,17],{},[252,71492,71493,71496,71499],{},[255,71494,71495],{},"you want to remove by index",[255,71497,71498],{},"you want the removed item returned",[255,71500,71501],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[981,71503,227,71505,776],{"id":71504},"use-remove-when",[15,71506,55768],{},[252,71508,71509,71512],{},[255,71510,71511],{},"you want to remove by value",[255,71513,71514],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71516,71517],{},"Compare these examples:",[35,71519,71521],{"className":37,"code":71520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71522,71523,71547,71551,71569,71579],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71524,71525,71527,71529,71531,71533,71535,71537,71539,71541,71543,71545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71526,1551],{"class":50},[44,71528,55],{"class":54},[44,71530,1556],{"class":58},[44,71532,1559],{"class":95},[44,71534,83],{"class":58},[44,71536,646],{"class":95},[44,71538,83],{"class":58},[44,71540,1568],{"class":95},[44,71542,83],{"class":58},[44,71544,646],{"class":95},[44,71546,1153],{"class":58},[44,71548,71549],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71550,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,71552,71553,71555,71557,71559,71561,71563,71565,71567],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,71554,70176],{"class":50},[44,71556,55],{"class":54},[44,71558,4767],{"class":50},[44,71560,113],{"class":58},[44,71562,117],{"class":116},[44,71564,120],{"class":58},[44,71566,1588],{"class":95},[44,71568,129],{"class":58},[44,71570,71571,71573,71575,71577],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,71572,136],{"class":135},[44,71574,120],{"class":58},[44,71576,70199],{"class":116},[44,71578,129],{"class":58},[44,71580,71581,71583,71585,71587],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,71582,136],{"class":135},[44,71584,120],{"class":58},[44,71586,1579],{"class":116},[44,71588,129],{"class":58},[20,71590,2576],{},[35,71592,71594],{"className":37,"code":71593,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71595,71596,71600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71597,71598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71599,71466],{"class":95},[44,71601,71602,71604,71606,71608,71610,71612,71614],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71603,896],{"class":58},[44,71605,1559],{"class":95},[44,71607,83],{"class":58},[44,71609,1568],{"class":95},[44,71611,83],{"class":58},[44,71613,646],{"class":95},[44,71615,1153],{"class":58},[35,71617,71619],{"className":37,"code":71618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71620,71621,71645,71649,71663],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71622,71623,71625,71627,71629,71631,71633,71635,71637,71639,71641,71643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71624,1551],{"class":50},[44,71626,55],{"class":54},[44,71628,1556],{"class":58},[44,71630,1559],{"class":95},[44,71632,83],{"class":58},[44,71634,646],{"class":95},[44,71636,83],{"class":58},[44,71638,1568],{"class":95},[44,71640,83],{"class":58},[44,71642,646],{"class":95},[44,71644,1153],{"class":58},[44,71646,71647],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71648,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,71650,71651,71653,71655,71657,71659,71661],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,71652,1579],{"class":50},[44,71654,113],{"class":58},[44,71656,35022],{"class":116},[44,71658,120],{"class":58},[44,71660,16210],{"class":95},[44,71662,129],{"class":58},[44,71664,71665,71667,71669,71671],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,71666,136],{"class":135},[44,71668,120],{"class":58},[44,71670,1579],{"class":116},[44,71672,129],{"class":58},[20,71674,2576],{},[35,71676,71678],{"className":37,"code":71677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71679,71680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71681,71682,71684,71686,71688,71690,71692,71694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71683,896],{"class":58},[44,71685,1559],{"class":95},[44,71687,83],{"class":58},[44,71689,1568],{"class":95},[44,71691,83],{"class":58},[44,71693,646],{"class":95},[44,71695,1153],{"class":58},[20,71697,71698,71699,71702,71703,113],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71700,71701],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71704,1588],{},[20,71706,56844,71707,71710,71711,113],{},[15,71708,71709],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71712,16210],{},[20,71714,71715,71716,113],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[625,71717,55307],{"href":55306},[30,71719,3335],{"id":3334},[20,71721,71722,71723,72],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71724,17],{},[252,71726,71727,71730,71733,71739,71743],{},[255,71728,71729],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[255,71731,71732],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[255,71734,37435,71735,9200,71737],{},[15,71736,17],{},[15,71738,55768],{},[255,71740,1904,71741,62213],{},[15,71742,17],{},[255,71744,71745],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71747,71748],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[35,71750,71752],{"className":37,"code":71751,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71753,71754,71764,71778,71792,71810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71755,71756,71758,71760,71762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71757,136],{"class":135},[44,71759,120],{"class":58},[44,71761,8834],{"class":116},[44,71763,129],{"class":58},[44,71765,71766,71768,71770,71772,71774,71776],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71767,136],{"class":135},[44,71769,120],{"class":58},[44,71771,11641],{"class":135},[44,71773,120],{"class":58},[44,71775,8834],{"class":116},[44,71777,2239],{"class":58},[44,71779,71780,71782,71784,71786,71788,71790],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,71781,136],{"class":135},[44,71783,120],{"class":58},[44,71785,8834],{"class":116},[44,71787,113],{"class":58},[44,71789,117],{"class":116},[44,71791,2188],{"class":58},[44,71793,71794,71796,71798,71800,71802,71804,71806,71808],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,71795,136],{"class":135},[44,71797,120],{"class":58},[44,71799,8834],{"class":116},[44,71801,113],{"class":58},[44,71803,117],{"class":116},[44,71805,120],{"class":58},[44,71807,2626],{"class":95},[44,71809,2239],{"class":58},[44,71811,71812,71814,71816,71818,71820,71822],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,71813,136],{"class":135},[44,71815,120],{"class":58},[44,71817,2249],{"class":2248},[44,71819,120],{"class":58},[44,71821,36075],{"class":116},[44,71823,2239],{"class":58},[20,71825,71826],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[252,71828,71829,71835],{},[255,71830,71831,71834],{},[15,71832,71833],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[255,71836,71837,71840],{},[15,71838,71839],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71842,71843,71844,71847],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71845,71846],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[30,71849,2301],{"id":2300},[981,71851,71853],{"id":71852},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71855,71856,71857,71859],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71858,17],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[981,71861,71863],{"id":71862},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71865,71866,71868,71869,71871,71872,113],{},[15,71867,17],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71870,55768],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71873,4282],{},[981,71875,71877],{"id":71876},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71879,71880,71881,71884],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71882,71883],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[981,71886,71888],{"id":71887},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71890,71891,71892,71894],{},"Python raises ",[15,71893,70973],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[30,71896,2375],{"id":2374},[252,71898,71899,71903,71908,71913,71918],{},[255,71900,71901],{},[625,71902,55754],{"href":55306},[255,71904,71905],{},[625,71906,71907],{"href":55311},"Python list remove() method",[255,71909,71910],{},[625,71911,71912],{"href":59205},"Python list index() method",[255,71914,71915],{},[625,71916,71917],{"href":51217},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[255,71919,71920],{},[625,71921,69501],{"href":69500},[2414,71923,71924],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":71926},[71927,71928,71929,71930,71931,71932,71933,71938,71944,71945,71951],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":70102,"depth":102,"text":70103},{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":70412,"depth":102,"text":70413},{"id":70541,"depth":102,"text":70542},{"id":70812,"depth":102,"text":70813},{"id":70959,"depth":102,"text":70960,"children":71934},[71935,71936,71937],{"id":70963,"depth":132,"text":70964},{"id":71101,"depth":132,"text":71102},{"id":71284,"depth":132,"text":71285},{"id":71481,"depth":102,"text":71482,"children":71939},[71940,71942],{"id":71488,"depth":132,"text":71941},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71504,"depth":132,"text":71943},"Use remove() when:",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":71946},[71947,71948,71949,71950],{"id":71852,"depth":132,"text":71853},{"id":71862,"depth":132,"text":71863},{"id":71876,"depth":132,"text":71877},{"id":71887,"depth":132,"text":71888},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69969,"description":71952},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71959,"title":71960,"body":71961,"description":73747,"extension":2465,"meta":73748,"navigation":169,"path":73749,"seo":73750,"stem":73751,"__hash__":73752},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71962,"toc":73729},[71963,71966,71971,71977,71979,72049,72055,72059,72064,72085,72088,72155,72157,72178,72186,72188,72207,72223,72225,72290,72292,72317,72319,72321,72386,72388,72413,72415,72429,72432,72485,72487,72508,72512,72520,72593,72595,72628,72634,72640,72731,72733,72758,72764,72853,72855,72879,72881,72885,72940,72942,72974,72977,72980,73074,73076,73109,73115,73121,73125,73132,73158,73162,73227,73229,73254,73258,73339,73341,73370,73375,73380,73386,73390,73397,73419,73423,73482,73484,73508,73517,73522,73524,73528,73557,73559,73634,73637,73651,73657,73659,73663,73666,73670,73675,73679,73688,73692,73700,73702,73726],[10,71964,71960],{"id":71965},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71967,2482,71968,71970],{},[15,71969,55314],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71972,71973,71974,71976],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[590,71975,1282],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[30,71978,2507],{"id":2506},[35,71980,71982],{"className":37,"code":71981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71983,71984,72016,72034,72044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71985,71986,71988,71990,71992,71994,71996,71998,72000,72002,72004,72006,72008,72010,72012,72014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71987,8276],{"class":50},[44,71989,55],{"class":54},[44,71991,1556],{"class":58},[44,71993,63],{"class":62},[44,71995,4582],{"class":66},[44,71997,63],{"class":62},[44,71999,83],{"class":58},[44,72001,75],{"class":62},[44,72003,4591],{"class":66},[44,72005,63],{"class":62},[44,72007,83],{"class":58},[44,72009,75],{"class":62},[44,72011,33447],{"class":66},[44,72013,63],{"class":62},[44,72015,1153],{"class":58},[44,72017,72018,72020,72022,72024,72026,72028,72030,72032],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72019,8305],{"class":50},[44,72021,113],{"class":58},[44,72023,35022],{"class":116},[44,72025,120],{"class":58},[44,72027,63],{"class":62},[44,72029,4591],{"class":66},[44,72031,63],{"class":62},[44,72033,129],{"class":58},[44,72035,72036,72038,72040,72042],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,72037,136],{"class":135},[44,72039,120],{"class":58},[44,72041,8305],{"class":116},[44,72043,129],{"class":58},[44,72045,72046],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,72047,72048],{"class":147},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,72050,227,72051,72054],{},[15,72052,72053],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[30,72056,72058],{"id":72057},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,72060,72061,72063],{},[15,72062,55768],{}," is a list method that:",[252,72065,72066,72072,72077,72082],{},[255,72067,72068,72069,72071],{},"Deletes the ",[590,72070,30133],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[255,72073,72074,72075],{},"Changes the original list ",[590,72076,11811],{},[255,72078,2329,72079,72081],{},[590,72080,592],{}," return a new list",[255,72083,72084],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,72086,72087],{},"This is important for beginners:",[35,72089,72091],{"className":37,"code":72090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,72092,72093,72113,72131,72135,72145],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72094,72095,72097,72099,72101,72103,72105,72107,72109,72111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72096,1551],{"class":50},[44,72098,55],{"class":54},[44,72100,1556],{"class":58},[44,72102,1588],{"class":95},[44,72104,83],{"class":58},[44,72106,1717],{"class":95},[44,72108,83],{"class":58},[44,72110,2955],{"class":95},[44,72112,1153],{"class":58},[44,72114,72115,72117,72119,72121,72123,72125,72127,72129],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72116,1953],{"class":50},[44,72118,55],{"class":54},[44,72120,4767],{"class":50},[44,72122,113],{"class":58},[44,72124,35022],{"class":116},[44,72126,120],{"class":58},[44,72128,2561],{"class":95},[44,72130,129],{"class":58},[44,72132,72133],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,72134,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,72136,72137,72139,72141,72143],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,72138,136],{"class":135},[44,72140,120],{"class":58},[44,72142,1579],{"class":116},[44,72144,129],{"class":58},[44,72146,72147,72149,72151,72153],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,72148,136],{"class":135},[44,72150,120],{"class":58},[44,72152,1984],{"class":116},[44,72154,129],{"class":58},[20,72156,2576],{},[35,72158,72160],{"className":37,"code":72159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72161,72162,72174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72163,72164,72166,72168,72170,72172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72165,896],{"class":58},[44,72167,1588],{"class":95},[44,72169,83],{"class":58},[44,72171,2955],{"class":95},[44,72173,1153],{"class":58},[44,72175,72176],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72177,12280],{"class":1266},[20,72179,72180,72181,72183,72184,113],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72182,55768],{}," itself returned ",[15,72185,4282],{},[30,72187,5932],{"id":5931},[35,72189,72191],{"className":37,"code":72190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72192,72193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72194,72195,72197,72199,72201,72203,72205],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72196,8588],{"class":2248},[44,72198,113],{"class":58},[44,72200,35022],{"class":116},[44,72202,120],{"class":58},[44,72204,1282],{"class":116},[44,72206,129],{"class":58},[252,72208,72209,72214,72217],{},[255,72210,72211,72213],{},[15,72212,1282],{}," is the item you want to delete",[255,72215,72216],{},"Python searches from left to right",[255,72218,72219,72220,72222],{},"Only the ",[590,72221,30133],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72224,269],{},[35,72226,72228],{"className":37,"code":72227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72229,72230,72262,72280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72231,72232,72234,72236,72238,72240,72242,72244,72246,72248,72250,72252,72254,72256,72258,72260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72233,36320],{"class":50},[44,72235,55],{"class":54},[44,72237,1556],{"class":58},[44,72239,63],{"class":62},[44,72241,625],{"class":66},[44,72243,63],{"class":62},[44,72245,83],{"class":58},[44,72247,75],{"class":62},[44,72249,639],{"class":66},[44,72251,63],{"class":62},[44,72253,83],{"class":58},[44,72255,75],{"class":62},[44,72257,696],{"class":66},[44,72259,63],{"class":62},[44,72261,1153],{"class":58},[44,72263,72264,72266,72268,72270,72272,72274,72276,72278],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72265,36373],{"class":50},[44,72267,113],{"class":58},[44,72269,35022],{"class":116},[44,72271,120],{"class":58},[44,72273,63],{"class":62},[44,72275,639],{"class":66},[44,72277,63],{"class":62},[44,72279,129],{"class":58},[44,72281,72282,72284,72286,72288],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,72283,136],{"class":135},[44,72285,120],{"class":58},[44,72287,36373],{"class":116},[44,72289,129],{"class":58},[20,72291,2576],{},[35,72293,72295],{"className":37,"code":72294,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72296,72297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72298,72299,72301,72303,72305,72307,72309,72311,72313,72315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72300,896],{"class":58},[44,72302,2197],{"class":62},[44,72304,625],{"class":66},[44,72306,2197],{"class":62},[44,72308,83],{"class":58},[44,72310,2232],{"class":62},[44,72312,696],{"class":66},[44,72314,2197],{"class":62},[44,72316,1153],{"class":58},[30,72318,6288],{"id":6287},[20,72320,65416],{},[35,72322,72324],{"className":37,"code":72323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72325,72326,72358,72376],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72327,72328,72330,72332,72334,72336,72338,72340,72342,72344,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72329,13539],{"class":50},[44,72331,55],{"class":54},[44,72333,1556],{"class":58},[44,72335,63],{"class":62},[44,72337,13556],{"class":66},[44,72339,63],{"class":62},[44,72341,83],{"class":58},[44,72343,75],{"class":62},[44,72345,13573],{"class":66},[44,72347,63],{"class":62},[44,72349,83],{"class":58},[44,72351,75],{"class":62},[44,72353,17907],{"class":66},[44,72355,63],{"class":62},[44,72357,1153],{"class":58},[44,72359,72360,72362,72364,72366,72368,72370,72372,72374],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72361,17954],{"class":50},[44,72363,113],{"class":58},[44,72365,35022],{"class":116},[44,72367,120],{"class":58},[44,72369,63],{"class":62},[44,72371,13573],{"class":66},[44,72373,63],{"class":62},[44,72375,129],{"class":58},[44,72377,72378,72380,72382,72384],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,72379,136],{"class":135},[44,72381,120],{"class":58},[44,72383,17954],{"class":116},[44,72385,129],{"class":58},[20,72387,2576],{},[35,72389,72391],{"className":37,"code":72390,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72392,72393],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72394,72395,72397,72399,72401,72403,72405,72407,72409,72411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72396,896],{"class":58},[44,72398,2197],{"class":62},[44,72400,13556],{"class":66},[44,72402,2197],{"class":62},[44,72404,83],{"class":58},[44,72406,2232],{"class":62},[44,72408,17907],{"class":66},[44,72410,2197],{"class":62},[44,72412,1153],{"class":58},[20,72414,12158],{},[252,72416,72417,72420,72426],{},[255,72418,72419],{},"A list is created with three values",[255,72421,72422,72425],{},[15,72423,72424],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[255,72427,72428],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72430,72431],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[35,72433,72435],{"className":37,"code":72434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72436,72437,72461,72475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72438,72439,72441,72443,72445,72447,72449,72451,72453,72455,72457,72459],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72440,472],{"class":50},[44,72442,55],{"class":54},[44,72444,1556],{"class":58},[44,72446,1559],{"class":95},[44,72448,83],{"class":58},[44,72450,646],{"class":95},[44,72452,83],{"class":58},[44,72454,1568],{"class":95},[44,72456,83],{"class":58},[44,72458,51081],{"class":95},[44,72460,1153],{"class":58},[44,72462,72463,72465,72467,72469,72471,72473],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72464,517],{"class":50},[44,72466,113],{"class":58},[44,72468,35022],{"class":116},[44,72470,120],{"class":58},[44,72472,37072],{"class":95},[44,72474,129],{"class":58},[44,72476,72477,72479,72481,72483],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,72478,136],{"class":135},[44,72480,120],{"class":58},[44,72482,517],{"class":116},[44,72484,129],{"class":58},[20,72486,2576],{},[35,72488,72490],{"className":37,"code":72489,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72491,72492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72493,72494,72496,72498,72500,72502,72504,72506],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72495,896],{"class":58},[44,72497,1559],{"class":95},[44,72499,83],{"class":58},[44,72501,646],{"class":95},[44,72503,83],{"class":58},[44,72505,51081],{"class":95},[44,72507,1153],{"class":58},[30,72509,72511],{"id":72510},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72513,65406,72514,72516,72517,72519],{},[15,72515,55768],{}," deletes only the ",[590,72518,30133],{}," one.",[35,72521,72523],{"className":37,"code":72522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72524,72525,72565,72583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72526,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537,72539,72541,72543,72545,72547,72549,72551,72553,72555,72557,72559,72561,72563],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72528,8276],{"class":50},[44,72530,55],{"class":54},[44,72532,1556],{"class":58},[44,72534,63],{"class":62},[44,72536,4582],{"class":66},[44,72538,63],{"class":62},[44,72540,83],{"class":58},[44,72542,75],{"class":62},[44,72544,4591],{"class":66},[44,72546,63],{"class":62},[44,72548,83],{"class":58},[44,72550,75],{"class":62},[44,72552,4582],{"class":66},[44,72554,63],{"class":62},[44,72556,83],{"class":58},[44,72558,75],{"class":62},[44,72560,33447],{"class":66},[44,72562,63],{"class":62},[44,72564,1153],{"class":58},[44,72566,72567,72569,72571,72573,72575,72577,72579,72581],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72568,8305],{"class":50},[44,72570,113],{"class":58},[44,72572,35022],{"class":116},[44,72574,120],{"class":58},[44,72576,63],{"class":62},[44,72578,4582],{"class":66},[44,72580,63],{"class":62},[44,72582,129],{"class":58},[44,72584,72585,72587,72589,72591],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,72586,136],{"class":135},[44,72588,120],{"class":58},[44,72590,8305],{"class":116},[44,72592,129],{"class":58},[20,72594,2576],{},[35,72596,72598],{"className":37,"code":72597,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72599,72600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72601,72602,72604,72606,72608,72610,72612,72614,72616,72618,72620,72622,72624,72626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72603,896],{"class":58},[44,72605,2197],{"class":62},[44,72607,4591],{"class":66},[44,72609,2197],{"class":62},[44,72611,83],{"class":58},[44,72613,2232],{"class":62},[44,72615,4582],{"class":66},[44,72617,2197],{"class":62},[44,72619,83],{"class":58},[44,72621,2232],{"class":62},[44,72623,33447],{"class":66},[44,72625,2197],{"class":62},[44,72627,1153],{"class":58},[20,72629,72630,72631,72633],{},"Only the first ",[15,72632,58073],{}," was removed.",[20,72635,72636,72637,72639],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72638,55768],{}," again:",[35,72641,72643],{"className":37,"code":72642,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72644,72645,72685,72703,72721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72646,72647,72649,72651,72653,72655,72657,72659,72661,72663,72665,72667,72669,72671,72673,72675,72677,72679,72681,72683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72648,8276],{"class":50},[44,72650,55],{"class":54},[44,72652,1556],{"class":58},[44,72654,63],{"class":62},[44,72656,4582],{"class":66},[44,72658,63],{"class":62},[44,72660,83],{"class":58},[44,72662,75],{"class":62},[44,72664,4591],{"class":66},[44,72666,63],{"class":62},[44,72668,83],{"class":58},[44,72670,75],{"class":62},[44,72672,4582],{"class":66},[44,72674,63],{"class":62},[44,72676,83],{"class":58},[44,72678,75],{"class":62},[44,72680,33447],{"class":66},[44,72682,63],{"class":62},[44,72684,1153],{"class":58},[44,72686,72687,72689,72691,72693,72695,72697,72699,72701],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72688,8305],{"class":50},[44,72690,113],{"class":58},[44,72692,35022],{"class":116},[44,72694,120],{"class":58},[44,72696,63],{"class":62},[44,72698,4582],{"class":66},[44,72700,63],{"class":62},[44,72702,129],{"class":58},[44,72704,72705,72707,72709,72711,72713,72715,72717,72719],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,72706,8305],{"class":50},[44,72708,113],{"class":58},[44,72710,35022],{"class":116},[44,72712,120],{"class":58},[44,72714,63],{"class":62},[44,72716,4582],{"class":66},[44,72718,63],{"class":62},[44,72720,129],{"class":58},[44,72722,72723,72725,72727,72729],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,72724,136],{"class":135},[44,72726,120],{"class":58},[44,72728,8305],{"class":116},[44,72730,129],{"class":58},[20,72732,2576],{},[35,72734,72736],{"className":37,"code":72735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72737,72738],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72739,72740,72742,72744,72746,72748,72750,72752,72754,72756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72741,896],{"class":58},[44,72743,2197],{"class":62},[44,72745,4591],{"class":66},[44,72747,2197],{"class":62},[44,72749,83],{"class":58},[44,72751,2232],{"class":62},[44,72753,33447],{"class":66},[44,72755,2197],{"class":62},[44,72757,1153],{"class":58},[20,72759,72760,72761,72763],{},"If you need to remove ",[590,72762,4219],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[35,72765,72767],{"className":37,"code":72766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72768,72769,72809,72843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72770,72771,72773,72775,72777,72779,72781,72783,72785,72787,72789,72791,72793,72795,72797,72799,72801,72803,72805,72807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72772,8276],{"class":50},[44,72774,55],{"class":54},[44,72776,1556],{"class":58},[44,72778,63],{"class":62},[44,72780,4582],{"class":66},[44,72782,63],{"class":62},[44,72784,83],{"class":58},[44,72786,75],{"class":62},[44,72788,4591],{"class":66},[44,72790,63],{"class":62},[44,72792,83],{"class":58},[44,72794,75],{"class":62},[44,72796,4582],{"class":66},[44,72798,63],{"class":62},[44,72800,83],{"class":58},[44,72802,75],{"class":62},[44,72804,33447],{"class":66},[44,72806,63],{"class":62},[44,72808,1153],{"class":58},[44,72810,72811,72813,72815,72817,72819,72821,72823,72825,72828,72830,72832,72835,72837,72839,72841],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72812,8276],{"class":50},[44,72814,55],{"class":54},[44,72816,1556],{"class":58},[44,72818,28762],{"class":50},[44,72820,6459],{"class":1140},[44,72822,6462],{"class":50},[44,72824,4385],{"class":1140},[44,72826,72827],{"class":50}," items ",[44,72829,1345],{"class":1140},[44,72831,6462],{"class":50},[44,72833,72834],{"class":54},"!=",[44,72836,75],{"class":62},[44,72838,4582],{"class":66},[44,72840,63],{"class":62},[44,72842,1153],{"class":58},[44,72844,72845,72847,72849,72851],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,72846,136],{"class":135},[44,72848,120],{"class":58},[44,72850,8305],{"class":116},[44,72852,129],{"class":58},[20,72854,2576],{},[35,72856,72857],{"className":37,"code":72735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,72858,72859],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72860,72861,72863,72865,72867,72869,72871,72873,72875,72877],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72862,896],{"class":58},[44,72864,2197],{"class":62},[44,72866,4591],{"class":66},[44,72868,2197],{"class":62},[44,72870,83],{"class":58},[44,72872,2232],{"class":62},[44,72874,33447],{"class":66},[44,72876,2197],{"class":62},[44,72878,1153],{"class":58},[30,72880,65872],{"id":65871},[20,72882,65875,72883,113],{},[15,72884,40937],{},[35,72886,72888],{"className":37,"code":72887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72889,72890,72922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72891,72892,72894,72896,72898,72900,72902,72904,72906,72908,72910,72912,72914,72916,72918,72920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72893,8276],{"class":50},[44,72895,55],{"class":54},[44,72897,1556],{"class":58},[44,72899,63],{"class":62},[44,72901,4582],{"class":66},[44,72903,63],{"class":62},[44,72905,83],{"class":58},[44,72907,75],{"class":62},[44,72909,4591],{"class":66},[44,72911,63],{"class":62},[44,72913,83],{"class":58},[44,72915,75],{"class":62},[44,72917,33447],{"class":66},[44,72919,63],{"class":62},[44,72921,1153],{"class":58},[44,72923,72924,72926,72928,72930,72932,72934,72936,72938],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72925,8305],{"class":50},[44,72927,113],{"class":58},[44,72929,35022],{"class":116},[44,72931,120],{"class":58},[44,72933,63],{"class":62},[44,72935,22971],{"class":66},[44,72937,63],{"class":62},[44,72939,129],{"class":58},[20,72941,2576],{},[35,72943,72945],{"className":37,"code":72944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72946,72947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72948,72949,72951,72953,72955,72957,72959,72961,72963,72965,72967,72969,72971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72950,40937],{"class":2248},[44,72952,72],{"class":58},[44,72954,22998],{"class":2248},[44,72956,113],{"class":58},[44,72958,35022],{"class":116},[44,72960,120],{"class":58},[44,72962,1696],{"class":116},[44,72964,16907],{"class":58},[44,72966,4382],{"class":50},[44,72968,592],{"class":54},[44,72970,1354],{"class":54},[44,72972,72973],{"class":2248}," list\n",[20,72975,72976],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72978,72979],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[35,72981,72983],{"className":37,"code":72982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72984,72985,73017,73029,73033,73045,73060,73064],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72986,72987,72989,72991,72993,72995,72997,72999,73001,73003,73005,73007,73009,73011,73013,73015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72988,8276],{"class":50},[44,72990,55],{"class":54},[44,72992,1556],{"class":58},[44,72994,63],{"class":62},[44,72996,4582],{"class":66},[44,72998,63],{"class":62},[44,73000,83],{"class":58},[44,73002,75],{"class":62},[44,73004,4591],{"class":66},[44,73006,63],{"class":62},[44,73008,83],{"class":58},[44,73010,75],{"class":62},[44,73012,33447],{"class":66},[44,73014,63],{"class":62},[44,73016,1153],{"class":58},[44,73018,73019,73021,73023,73025,73027],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73020,1244],{"class":50},[44,73022,55],{"class":54},[44,73024,75],{"class":62},[44,73026,22971],{"class":66},[44,73028,3865],{"class":62},[44,73030,73031],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,73032,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,73034,73035,73037,73039,73041,73043],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,73036,1345],{"class":1140},[44,73038,22023],{"class":50},[44,73040,4385],{"class":54},[44,73042,6467],{"class":50},[44,73044,1359],{"class":58},[44,73046,73047,73050,73052,73054,73056,73058],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,73048,73049],{"class":50},"    items",[44,73051,113],{"class":58},[44,73053,35022],{"class":116},[44,73055,120],{"class":58},[44,73057,1282],{"class":116},[44,73059,129],{"class":58},[44,73061,73062],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,73063,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,73065,73066,73068,73070,73072],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,73067,136],{"class":135},[44,73069,120],{"class":58},[44,73071,8305],{"class":116},[44,73073,129],{"class":58},[20,73075,2576],{},[35,73077,73079],{"className":37,"code":73078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,73080,73081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73082,73083,73085,73087,73089,73091,73093,73095,73097,73099,73101,73103,73105,73107],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73084,896],{"class":58},[44,73086,2197],{"class":62},[44,73088,4582],{"class":66},[44,73090,2197],{"class":62},[44,73092,83],{"class":58},[44,73094,2232],{"class":62},[44,73096,4591],{"class":66},[44,73098,2197],{"class":62},[44,73100,83],{"class":58},[44,73102,2232],{"class":62},[44,73104,33447],{"class":66},[44,73106,2197],{"class":62},[44,73108,1153],{"class":58},[20,73110,73111,73112,73114],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,73113,55768],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,73116,73117,73118,113],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[625,73119,66081],{"href":73120},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[30,73122,73124],{"id":73123},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,73126,73127,976,73129,73131],{},[15,73128,55768],{},[15,73130,17],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[252,73133,73134,73141,73147,73153],{},[255,73135,73136,73138,73139],{},[15,73137,55768],{}," deletes by ",[590,73140,1282],{},[255,73142,73143,73138,73145],{},[15,73144,17],{},[590,73146,36075],{},[255,73148,73149,2901,73151],{},[15,73150,55768],{},[15,73152,4282],{},[255,73154,73155,73157],{},[15,73156,17],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73159,46276,73160,72],{},[15,73161,55768],{},[35,73163,73165],{"className":37,"code":73164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73166,73167,73199,73217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73168,73169,73171,73173,73175,73177,73179,73181,73183,73185,73187,73189,73191,73193,73195,73197],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73170,8276],{"class":50},[44,73172,55],{"class":54},[44,73174,1556],{"class":58},[44,73176,63],{"class":62},[44,73178,4582],{"class":66},[44,73180,63],{"class":62},[44,73182,83],{"class":58},[44,73184,75],{"class":62},[44,73186,4591],{"class":66},[44,73188,63],{"class":62},[44,73190,83],{"class":58},[44,73192,75],{"class":62},[44,73194,33447],{"class":66},[44,73196,63],{"class":62},[44,73198,1153],{"class":58},[44,73200,73201,73203,73205,73207,73209,73211,73213,73215],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73202,8305],{"class":50},[44,73204,113],{"class":58},[44,73206,35022],{"class":116},[44,73208,120],{"class":58},[44,73210,63],{"class":62},[44,73212,4591],{"class":66},[44,73214,63],{"class":62},[44,73216,129],{"class":58},[44,73218,73219,73221,73223,73225],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,73220,136],{"class":135},[44,73222,120],{"class":58},[44,73224,8305],{"class":116},[44,73226,129],{"class":58},[20,73228,2576],{},[35,73230,73232],{"className":37,"code":73231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73233,73234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73235,73236,73238,73240,73242,73244,73246,73248,73250,73252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73237,896],{"class":58},[44,73239,2197],{"class":62},[44,73241,4582],{"class":66},[44,73243,2197],{"class":62},[44,73245,83],{"class":58},[44,73247,2232],{"class":62},[44,73249,33447],{"class":66},[44,73251,2197],{"class":62},[44,73253,1153],{"class":58},[20,73255,46276,73256,72],{},[15,73257,17],{},[35,73259,73261],{"className":37,"code":73260,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73262,73263,73295,73314,73318,73328],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73264,73265,73267,73269,73271,73273,73275,73277,73279,73281,73283,73285,73287,73289,73291,73293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73266,8276],{"class":50},[44,73268,55],{"class":54},[44,73270,1556],{"class":58},[44,73272,63],{"class":62},[44,73274,4582],{"class":66},[44,73276,63],{"class":62},[44,73278,83],{"class":58},[44,73280,75],{"class":62},[44,73282,4591],{"class":66},[44,73284,63],{"class":62},[44,73286,83],{"class":58},[44,73288,75],{"class":62},[44,73290,33447],{"class":66},[44,73292,63],{"class":62},[44,73294,1153],{"class":58},[44,73296,73297,73300,73302,73304,73306,73308,73310,73312],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73298,73299],{"class":50},"removed_item ",[44,73301,55],{"class":54},[44,73303,6467],{"class":50},[44,73305,113],{"class":58},[44,73307,117],{"class":116},[44,73309,120],{"class":58},[44,73311,1588],{"class":95},[44,73313,129],{"class":58},[44,73315,73316],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,73317,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,73319,73320,73322,73324,73326],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,73321,136],{"class":135},[44,73323,120],{"class":58},[44,73325,8305],{"class":116},[44,73327,129],{"class":58},[44,73329,73330,73332,73334,73337],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,73331,136],{"class":135},[44,73333,120],{"class":58},[44,73335,73336],{"class":116},"removed_item",[44,73338,129],{"class":58},[20,73340,2576],{},[35,73342,73344],{"className":37,"code":73343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73345,73346,73366],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73347,73348,73350,73352,73354,73356,73358,73360,73362,73364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73349,896],{"class":58},[44,73351,2197],{"class":62},[44,73353,4582],{"class":66},[44,73355,2197],{"class":62},[44,73357,83],{"class":58},[44,73359,2232],{"class":62},[44,73361,33447],{"class":66},[44,73363,2197],{"class":62},[44,73365,1153],{"class":58},[44,73367,73368],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73369,70648],{"class":50},[20,73371,227,73372,73374],{},[15,73373,55768],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73376,227,73377,73379],{},[15,73378,17],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73381,73382,73383,113],{},"For more detail, see the ",[625,73384,73385],{"href":55318},"Python list pop() method",[30,73387,73389],{"id":73388},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73391,73392,976,73394,73396],{},[15,73393,55768],{},[15,73395,970],{}," are also different.",[252,73398,73399,73404,73409,73414],{},[255,73400,73401,73403],{},[15,73402,55768],{}," deletes by matching value",[255,73405,73406,73408],{},[15,73407,970],{}," deletes by index or slice",[255,73410,227,73411,73413],{},[15,73412,970],{}," when you know the position",[255,73415,227,73416,73418],{},[15,73417,55768],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73420,46276,73421,72],{},[15,73422,970],{},[35,73424,73426],{"className":37,"code":73425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73427,73428,73460,73472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73429,73430,73432,73434,73436,73438,73440,73442,73444,73446,73448,73450,73452,73454,73456,73458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73431,8276],{"class":50},[44,73433,55],{"class":54},[44,73435,1556],{"class":58},[44,73437,63],{"class":62},[44,73439,4582],{"class":66},[44,73441,63],{"class":62},[44,73443,83],{"class":58},[44,73445,75],{"class":62},[44,73447,4591],{"class":66},[44,73449,63],{"class":62},[44,73451,83],{"class":58},[44,73453,75],{"class":62},[44,73455,33447],{"class":66},[44,73457,63],{"class":62},[44,73459,1153],{"class":58},[44,73461,73462,73464,73466,73468,73470],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73463,970],{"class":1140},[44,73465,6467],{"class":50},[44,73467,896],{"class":58},[44,73469,1588],{"class":95},[44,73471,1153],{"class":58},[44,73473,73474,73476,73478,73480],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,73475,136],{"class":135},[44,73477,120],{"class":58},[44,73479,8305],{"class":116},[44,73481,129],{"class":58},[20,73483,2576],{},[35,73485,73486],{"className":37,"code":73231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,73487,73488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73489,73490,73492,73494,73496,73498,73500,73502,73504,73506],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73491,896],{"class":58},[44,73493,2197],{"class":62},[44,73495,4582],{"class":66},[44,73497,2197],{"class":62},[44,73499,83],{"class":58},[44,73501,2232],{"class":62},[44,73503,33447],{"class":66},[44,73505,2197],{"class":62},[44,73507,1153],{"class":58},[20,73509,73510,73511,73513,73514,73516],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73512,1588],{},", not the value ",[15,73515,65516],{}," directly.",[20,73518,73519,73520,113],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[625,73521,55307],{"href":55306},[30,73523,3335],{"id":3334},[20,73525,21654,73526,72],{},[15,73527,55768],{},[252,73529,73530,73533,73538,73545,73554],{},[255,73531,73532],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[255,73534,1904,73535,73537],{},[15,73536,55768],{}," to delete all matching values",[255,73539,13063,73540,73542,73543],{},[15,73541,55768],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73544,4282],{},[255,73546,1785,73547,44865,73549,3384,73551,73553],{},[15,73548,55768],{},[15,73550,17],{},[15,73552,970],{}," would be a better fit",[255,73555,73556],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73558,71748],{},[35,73560,73562],{"className":37,"code":73561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73563,73564,73574,73588,73606,73620],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73565,73566,73568,73570,73572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73567,136],{"class":135},[44,73569,120],{"class":58},[44,73571,8834],{"class":116},[44,73573,129],{"class":58},[44,73575,73576,73578,73580,73582,73584,73586],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73577,136],{"class":135},[44,73579,120],{"class":58},[44,73581,1244],{"class":116},[44,73583,4385],{"class":1140},[44,73585,8891],{"class":116},[44,73587,129],{"class":58},[44,73589,73590,73592,73594,73596,73598,73600,73602,73604],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,73591,136],{"class":135},[44,73593,120],{"class":58},[44,73595,8834],{"class":116},[44,73597,113],{"class":58},[44,73599,41493],{"class":116},[44,73601,120],{"class":58},[44,73603,1282],{"class":116},[44,73605,2239],{"class":58},[44,73607,73608,73610,73612,73614,73616,73618],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,73609,136],{"class":135},[44,73611,120],{"class":58},[44,73613,2249],{"class":2248},[44,73615,120],{"class":58},[44,73617,8834],{"class":116},[44,73619,2239],{"class":58},[44,73621,73622,73624,73626,73628,73630,73632],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,73623,32378],{"class":135},[44,73625,120],{"class":58},[44,73627,8588],{"class":2248},[44,73629,113],{"class":58},[44,73631,35022],{"class":25189},[44,73633,129],{"class":58},[20,73635,73636],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[252,73638,73639,73642,73645,73648],{},[255,73640,73641],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[255,73643,73644],{},"How many times does it appear?",[255,73646,73647],{},"Am I working with a list?",[255,73649,73650],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73652,73653,73654,73656],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[625,73655,71912],{"href":59205}," may also help.",[30,73658,2301],{"id":2300},[981,73660,73662],{"id":73661},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73664,73665],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[981,73667,73669],{"id":73668},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73671,5649,73672,73674],{},[15,73673,4282],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[981,73676,73678],{"id":73677},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73680,73681,73682,73685,73686,113],{},"Check with ",[15,73683,73684],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73687,55768],{},[981,73689,73691],{"id":73690},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73693,227,73694,73696,73697,73699],{},[15,73695,55768],{}," for a value and ",[15,73698,17],{}," for an index.",[30,73701,2375],{"id":2374},[252,73703,73704,73708,73712,73716,73720],{},[255,73705,73706],{},[625,73707,55754],{"href":55306},[255,73709,73710],{},[625,73711,73385],{"href":55318},[255,73713,73714],{},[625,73715,71912],{"href":59205},[255,73717,73718],{},[625,73719,66081],{"href":73120},[255,73721,73722],{},[625,73723,73725],{"href":73724},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2414,73727,73728],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":73730},[73731,73732,73733,73734,73735,73736,73737,73738,73739,73740,73746],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":72057,"depth":102,"text":72058},{"id":5931,"depth":102,"text":5932},{"id":6287,"depth":102,"text":6288},{"id":72510,"depth":102,"text":72511},{"id":65871,"depth":102,"text":65872},{"id":73123,"depth":102,"text":73124},{"id":73388,"depth":102,"text":73389},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":73741},[73742,73743,73744,73745],{"id":73661,"depth":132,"text":73662},{"id":73668,"depth":132,"text":73669},{"id":73677,"depth":132,"text":73678},{"id":73690,"depth":132,"text":73691},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71960,"description":73747},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73754,"title":73755,"body":73756,"description":75647,"extension":2465,"meta":75648,"navigation":169,"path":75649,"seo":75650,"stem":75651,"__hash__":75652},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73757,"toc":75617},[73758,73764,73770,73773,73784,73786,73835,73840,73845,73849,73864,73866,73931,73933,73974,73976,73978,73993,73995,74006,74008,74065,74067,74100,74102,74105,74154,74156,74181,74183,74199,74205,74212,74273,74275,74308,74313,74316,74396,74398,74459,74465,74469,74472,74536,74538,74563,74565,74585,74587,74636,74638,74659,74668,74671,74675,74680,74725,74727,74748,74754,74759,74767,74831,74833,74870,74876,74880,74887,74952,74954,74991,74995,75012,75022,75027,75032,75043,75050,75052,75058,75081,75084,75111,75116,75119,75220,75222,75277,75280,75387,75389,75460,75463,75489,75491,75496,75500,75508,75513,75518,75524,75529,75533,75536,75553,75556,75576,75584,75586,75614],[10,73759,54581,73761,18],{"id":73760},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73762,73763],{},"reverse()",[20,73765,73766,73769],{},[15,73767,73768],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73771,73772],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73774,73775,73776,73778,73779,73783],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73777,73763],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[625,73780,73782],{"href":73781},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[30,73785,33],{"id":32},[35,73787,73789],{"className":37,"code":73788,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73790,73791,73811,73822],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73792,73793,73795,73797,73799,73801,73803,73805,73807,73809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73794,1551],{"class":50},[44,73796,55],{"class":54},[44,73798,1556],{"class":58},[44,73800,1588],{"class":95},[44,73802,83],{"class":58},[44,73804,1717],{"class":95},[44,73806,83],{"class":58},[44,73808,2955],{"class":95},[44,73810,1153],{"class":58},[44,73812,73813,73815,73817,73820],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73814,1579],{"class":50},[44,73816,113],{"class":58},[44,73818,73819],{"class":116},"reverse",[44,73821,9138],{"class":58},[44,73823,73824,73826,73828,73830,73832],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,73825,136],{"class":135},[44,73827,120],{"class":58},[44,73829,1579],{"class":116},[44,73831,144],{"class":58},[44,73833,73834],{"class":147},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73836,73837,73839],{},[15,73838,73763],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[30,73841,243,73843,246],{"id":73842},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73844,73768],{},[20,73846,73847,72],{},[15,73848,73768],{},[252,73850,73851,73854,73857,73861],{},[255,73852,73853],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[255,73855,73856],{},"Changes the original list directly",[255,73858,11901,73859],{},[15,73860,4282],{},[255,73862,73863],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73865,269],{},[35,73867,73869],{"className":37,"code":73868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73870,73871,73911,73921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73872,73873,73875,73877,73879,73881,73883,73885,73887,73889,73891,73893,73895,73897,73899,73901,73903,73905,73907,73909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73874,36320],{"class":50},[44,73876,55],{"class":54},[44,73878,1556],{"class":58},[44,73880,63],{"class":62},[44,73882,625],{"class":66},[44,73884,63],{"class":62},[44,73886,83],{"class":58},[44,73888,75],{"class":62},[44,73890,639],{"class":66},[44,73892,63],{"class":62},[44,73894,83],{"class":58},[44,73896,75],{"class":62},[44,73898,696],{"class":66},[44,73900,63],{"class":62},[44,73902,83],{"class":58},[44,73904,75],{"class":62},[44,73906,19217],{"class":66},[44,73908,63],{"class":62},[44,73910,1153],{"class":58},[44,73912,73913,73915,73917,73919],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73914,36373],{"class":50},[44,73916,113],{"class":58},[44,73918,73819],{"class":116},[44,73920,9138],{"class":58},[44,73922,73923,73925,73927,73929],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,73924,136],{"class":135},[44,73926,120],{"class":58},[44,73928,36373],{"class":116},[44,73930,129],{"class":58},[20,73932,2576],{},[35,73934,73936],{"className":37,"code":73935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73937,73938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73939,73940,73942,73944,73946,73948,73950,73952,73954,73956,73958,73960,73962,73964,73966,73968,73970,73972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73941,896],{"class":58},[44,73943,2197],{"class":62},[44,73945,19217],{"class":66},[44,73947,2197],{"class":62},[44,73949,83],{"class":58},[44,73951,2232],{"class":62},[44,73953,696],{"class":66},[44,73955,2197],{"class":62},[44,73957,83],{"class":58},[44,73959,2232],{"class":62},[44,73961,639],{"class":66},[44,73963,2197],{"class":62},[44,73965,83],{"class":58},[44,73967,2232],{"class":62},[44,73969,625],{"class":66},[44,73971,2197],{"class":62},[44,73973,1153],{"class":58},[30,73975,392],{"id":391},[20,73977,2666],{},[35,73979,73981],{"className":37,"code":73980,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73982,73983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73984,73985,73987,73989,73991],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73986,8834],{"class":50},[44,73988,113],{"class":58},[44,73990,73819],{"class":116},[44,73992,9138],{"class":58},[20,73994,13515],{},[252,73996,73997,74000,74003],{},[255,73998,73999],{},"No arguments are needed",[255,74001,74002],{},"You call it on an existing list",[255,74004,74005],{},"It only works on lists",[20,74007,269],{},[35,74009,74011],{"className":37,"code":74010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,74012,74013,74045,74055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74014,74015,74017,74019,74021,74023,74025,74027,74029,74031,74033,74035,74037,74039,74041,74043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74016,13539],{"class":50},[44,74018,55],{"class":54},[44,74020,1556],{"class":58},[44,74022,63],{"class":62},[44,74024,13556],{"class":66},[44,74026,63],{"class":62},[44,74028,83],{"class":58},[44,74030,75],{"class":62},[44,74032,17907],{"class":66},[44,74034,63],{"class":62},[44,74036,83],{"class":58},[44,74038,75],{"class":62},[44,74040,13573],{"class":66},[44,74042,63],{"class":62},[44,74044,1153],{"class":58},[44,74046,74047,74049,74051,74053],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74048,17954],{"class":50},[44,74050,113],{"class":58},[44,74052,73819],{"class":116},[44,74054,9138],{"class":58},[44,74056,74057,74059,74061,74063],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,74058,136],{"class":135},[44,74060,120],{"class":58},[44,74062,17954],{"class":116},[44,74064,129],{"class":58},[20,74066,2576],{},[35,74068,74070],{"className":37,"code":74069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,74071,74072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74073,74074,74076,74078,74080,74082,74084,74086,74088,74090,74092,74094,74096,74098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74075,896],{"class":58},[44,74077,2197],{"class":62},[44,74079,13573],{"class":66},[44,74081,2197],{"class":62},[44,74083,83],{"class":58},[44,74085,2232],{"class":62},[44,74087,17907],{"class":66},[44,74089,2197],{"class":62},[44,74091,83],{"class":58},[44,74093,2232],{"class":62},[44,74095,13556],{"class":66},[44,74097,2197],{"class":62},[44,74099,1153],{"class":58},[30,74101,11952],{"id":11951},[20,74103,74104],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[35,74106,74108],{"className":37,"code":74107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74109,74110,74134,74144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74111,74112,74114,74116,74118,74120,74122,74124,74126,74128,74130,74132],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74113,1551],{"class":50},[44,74115,55],{"class":54},[44,74117,1556],{"class":58},[44,74119,1559],{"class":95},[44,74121,83],{"class":58},[44,74123,646],{"class":95},[44,74125,83],{"class":58},[44,74127,1568],{"class":95},[44,74129,83],{"class":58},[44,74131,51081],{"class":95},[44,74133,1153],{"class":58},[44,74135,74136,74138,74140,74142],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74137,1579],{"class":50},[44,74139,113],{"class":58},[44,74141,73819],{"class":116},[44,74143,9138],{"class":58},[44,74145,74146,74148,74150,74152],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,74147,136],{"class":135},[44,74149,120],{"class":58},[44,74151,1579],{"class":116},[44,74153,129],{"class":58},[20,74155,2576],{},[35,74157,74159],{"className":37,"code":74158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74160,74161],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74162,74163,74165,74167,74169,74171,74173,74175,74177,74179],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74164,896],{"class":58},[44,74166,56932],{"class":95},[44,74168,83],{"class":58},[44,74170,1568],{"class":95},[44,74172,83],{"class":58},[44,74174,646],{"class":95},[44,74176,83],{"class":58},[44,74178,632],{"class":95},[44,74180,1153],{"class":58},[20,74182,12158],{},[252,74184,74185,74191,74196],{},[255,74186,74187,74188],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74189,74190],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[255,74192,74193,74195],{},[15,74194,73763],{}," flips the order",[255,74197,74198],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[30,74200,74202,74204],{"id":74201},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74203,73763],{}," changes the original list",[20,74206,74207,74208,74211],{},"This method is ",[590,74209,74210],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[35,74213,74215],{"className":37,"code":74214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74216,74217,74249,74259,74263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74218,74219,74221,74223,74225,74227,74229,74231,74233,74235,74237,74239,74241,74243,74245,74247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74220,36469],{"class":50},[44,74222,55],{"class":54},[44,74224,1556],{"class":58},[44,74226,63],{"class":62},[44,74228,4582],{"class":66},[44,74230,63],{"class":62},[44,74232,83],{"class":58},[44,74234,75],{"class":62},[44,74236,4591],{"class":66},[44,74238,63],{"class":62},[44,74240,83],{"class":58},[44,74242,75],{"class":62},[44,74244,4600],{"class":66},[44,74246,63],{"class":62},[44,74248,1153],{"class":58},[44,74250,74251,74253,74255,74257],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74252,36521],{"class":50},[44,74254,113],{"class":58},[44,74256,73819],{"class":116},[44,74258,9138],{"class":58},[44,74260,74261],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,74262,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,74264,74265,74267,74269,74271],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,74266,136],{"class":135},[44,74268,120],{"class":58},[44,74270,36521],{"class":116},[44,74272,129],{"class":58},[20,74274,2576],{},[35,74276,74278],{"className":37,"code":74277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74279,74280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74281,74282,74284,74286,74288,74290,74292,74294,74296,74298,74300,74302,74304,74306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74283,896],{"class":58},[44,74285,2197],{"class":62},[44,74287,4600],{"class":66},[44,74289,2197],{"class":62},[44,74291,83],{"class":58},[44,74293,2232],{"class":62},[44,74295,4591],{"class":66},[44,74297,2197],{"class":62},[44,74299,83],{"class":58},[44,74301,2232],{"class":62},[44,74303,4582],{"class":66},[44,74305,2197],{"class":62},[44,74307,1153],{"class":58},[20,74309,227,74310,74312],{},[15,74311,73763],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74314,74315],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[35,74317,74319],{"className":37,"code":74318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74320,74321,74353,74371,74375,74385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74322,74323,74325,74327,74329,74331,74333,74335,74337,74339,74341,74343,74345,74347,74349,74351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74324,36469],{"class":50},[44,74326,55],{"class":54},[44,74328,1556],{"class":58},[44,74330,63],{"class":62},[44,74332,4582],{"class":66},[44,74334,63],{"class":62},[44,74336,83],{"class":58},[44,74338,75],{"class":62},[44,74340,4591],{"class":66},[44,74342,63],{"class":62},[44,74344,83],{"class":58},[44,74346,75],{"class":62},[44,74348,4600],{"class":66},[44,74350,63],{"class":62},[44,74352,1153],{"class":58},[44,74354,74355,74358,74360,74362,74365,74367,74369],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74356,74357],{"class":50},"reversed_fruits ",[44,74359,55],{"class":54},[44,74361,53090],{"class":50},[44,74363,74364],{"class":58},"[::",[44,74366,2526],{"class":54},[44,74368,1588],{"class":95},[44,74370,1153],{"class":58},[44,74372,74373],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,74374,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,74376,74377,74379,74381,74383],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,74378,136],{"class":135},[44,74380,120],{"class":58},[44,74382,36521],{"class":116},[44,74384,129],{"class":58},[44,74386,74387,74389,74391,74394],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,74388,136],{"class":135},[44,74390,120],{"class":58},[44,74392,74393],{"class":116},"reversed_fruits",[44,74395,129],{"class":58},[20,74397,2576],{},[35,74399,74401],{"className":37,"code":74400,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74402,74403,74431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74404,74405,74407,74409,74411,74413,74415,74417,74419,74421,74423,74425,74427,74429],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74406,896],{"class":58},[44,74408,2197],{"class":62},[44,74410,4582],{"class":66},[44,74412,2197],{"class":62},[44,74414,83],{"class":58},[44,74416,2232],{"class":62},[44,74418,4591],{"class":66},[44,74420,2197],{"class":62},[44,74422,83],{"class":58},[44,74424,2232],{"class":62},[44,74426,4600],{"class":66},[44,74428,2197],{"class":62},[44,74430,1153],{"class":58},[44,74432,74433,74435,74437,74439,74441,74443,74445,74447,74449,74451,74453,74455,74457],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74434,896],{"class":58},[44,74436,2197],{"class":62},[44,74438,4600],{"class":66},[44,74440,2197],{"class":62},[44,74442,83],{"class":58},[44,74444,2232],{"class":62},[44,74446,4591],{"class":66},[44,74448,2197],{"class":62},[44,74450,83],{"class":58},[44,74452,2232],{"class":62},[44,74454,4582],{"class":66},[44,74456,2197],{"class":62},[44,74458,1153],{"class":58},[20,74460,74461,74462,113],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[625,74463,74464],{"href":73781},"Python list slicing explained",[30,74466,74468],{"id":74467},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74470,74471],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[35,74473,74475],{"className":37,"code":74474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74476,74477,74497,74511,74515,74526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74478,74479,74481,74483,74485,74487,74489,74491,74493,74495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74480,1551],{"class":50},[44,74482,55],{"class":54},[44,74484,1556],{"class":58},[44,74486,1588],{"class":95},[44,74488,83],{"class":58},[44,74490,1717],{"class":95},[44,74492,83],{"class":58},[44,74494,2955],{"class":95},[44,74496,1153],{"class":58},[44,74498,74499,74501,74503,74505,74507,74509],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74500,56129],{"class":50},[44,74502,55],{"class":54},[44,74504,4767],{"class":50},[44,74506,113],{"class":58},[44,74508,73819],{"class":116},[44,74510,9138],{"class":58},[44,74512,74513],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,74514,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,74516,74517,74519,74521,74524],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,74518,136],{"class":135},[44,74520,120],{"class":58},[44,74522,74523],{"class":116},"new_list",[44,74525,129],{"class":58},[44,74527,74528,74530,74532,74534],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,74529,136],{"class":135},[44,74531,120],{"class":58},[44,74533,1579],{"class":116},[44,74535,129],{"class":58},[20,74537,2576],{},[35,74539,74541],{"className":37,"code":74540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74542,74543,74547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74544,74545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74546,12280],{"class":1266},[44,74548,74549,74551,74553,74555,74557,74559,74561],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74550,896],{"class":58},[44,74552,2567],{"class":95},[44,74554,83],{"class":58},[44,74556,1717],{"class":95},[44,74558,83],{"class":58},[44,74560,1703],{"class":95},[44,74562,1153],{"class":58},[20,74564,12372],{},[252,74566,74567,74575,74579],{},[255,74568,74569,74571,74572,74574],{},[15,74570,73763],{}," changes ",[15,74573,1579],{}," directly",[255,74576,41139,74577,72081],{},[590,74578,592],{},[255,74580,53892,74581,42389,74583],{},[15,74582,74523],{},[15,74584,4282],{},[20,74586,62139],{},[35,74588,74590],{"className":37,"code":74589,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74591,74592,74612,74622,74626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74593,74594,74596,74598,74600,74602,74604,74606,74608,74610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74595,1551],{"class":50},[44,74597,55],{"class":54},[44,74599,1556],{"class":58},[44,74601,1588],{"class":95},[44,74603,83],{"class":58},[44,74605,1717],{"class":95},[44,74607,83],{"class":58},[44,74609,2955],{"class":95},[44,74611,1153],{"class":58},[44,74613,74614,74616,74618,74620],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74615,1579],{"class":50},[44,74617,113],{"class":58},[44,74619,73819],{"class":116},[44,74621,9138],{"class":58},[44,74623,74624],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,74625,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,74627,74628,74630,74632,74634],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,74629,136],{"class":135},[44,74631,120],{"class":58},[44,74633,1579],{"class":116},[44,74635,129],{"class":58},[20,74637,2576],{},[35,74639,74641],{"className":37,"code":74640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74642,74643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74644,74645,74647,74649,74651,74653,74655,74657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74646,896],{"class":58},[44,74648,2567],{"class":95},[44,74650,83],{"class":58},[44,74652,1717],{"class":95},[44,74654,83],{"class":58},[44,74656,1703],{"class":95},[44,74658,1153],{"class":58},[30,74660,74662,967,74664,74667],{"id":74661},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74663,73763],{},[15,74665,74666],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74669,74670],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[981,74672,74673],{"id":73819},[15,74674,73763],{},[20,74676,74677,74679],{},[15,74678,73763],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[35,74681,74683],{"className":37,"code":74682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74684,74685,74705,74715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74686,74687,74689,74691,74693,74695,74697,74699,74701,74703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74688,1551],{"class":50},[44,74690,55],{"class":54},[44,74692,1556],{"class":58},[44,74694,2567],{"class":95},[44,74696,83],{"class":58},[44,74698,1703],{"class":95},[44,74700,83],{"class":58},[44,74702,1717],{"class":95},[44,74704,1153],{"class":58},[44,74706,74707,74709,74711,74713],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74708,1579],{"class":50},[44,74710,113],{"class":58},[44,74712,73819],{"class":116},[44,74714,9138],{"class":58},[44,74716,74717,74719,74721,74723],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,74718,136],{"class":135},[44,74720,120],{"class":58},[44,74722,1579],{"class":116},[44,74724,129],{"class":58},[20,74726,2576],{},[35,74728,74730],{"className":37,"code":74729,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74731,74732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74733,74734,74736,74738,74740,74742,74744,74746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74735,896],{"class":58},[44,74737,2561],{"class":95},[44,74739,83],{"class":58},[44,74741,1703],{"class":95},[44,74743,83],{"class":58},[44,74745,2955],{"class":95},[44,74747,1153],{"class":58},[20,74749,74750,74751,74753],{},"Notice that this is ",[590,74752,592],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[981,74755,74757],{"id":74756},"sorted",[15,74758,74666],{},[20,74760,74761,74766],{},[625,74762,74764],{"href":74763},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74765,74666],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[35,74768,74770],{"className":37,"code":74769,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74771,74772,74792,74807,74811,74821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74773,74774,74776,74778,74780,74782,74784,74786,74788,74790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74775,1551],{"class":50},[44,74777,55],{"class":54},[44,74779,1556],{"class":58},[44,74781,2567],{"class":95},[44,74783,83],{"class":58},[44,74785,1703],{"class":95},[44,74787,83],{"class":58},[44,74789,1717],{"class":95},[44,74791,1153],{"class":58},[44,74793,74794,74796,74798,74801,74803,74805],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74795,1953],{"class":50},[44,74797,55],{"class":54},[44,74799,74800],{"class":135}," sorted",[44,74802,120],{"class":58},[44,74804,1579],{"class":116},[44,74806,129],{"class":58},[44,74808,74809],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,74810,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,74812,74813,74815,74817,74819],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,74814,136],{"class":135},[44,74816,120],{"class":58},[44,74818,1579],{"class":116},[44,74820,129],{"class":58},[44,74822,74823,74825,74827,74829],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,74824,136],{"class":135},[44,74826,120],{"class":58},[44,74828,1984],{"class":116},[44,74830,129],{"class":58},[20,74832,2576],{},[35,74834,74836],{"className":37,"code":74835,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74837,74838,74854],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74839,74840,74842,74844,74846,74848,74850,74852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74841,896],{"class":58},[44,74843,2567],{"class":95},[44,74845,83],{"class":58},[44,74847,1703],{"class":95},[44,74849,83],{"class":58},[44,74851,1717],{"class":95},[44,74853,1153],{"class":58},[44,74855,74856,74858,74860,74862,74864,74866,74868],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74857,896],{"class":58},[44,74859,1588],{"class":95},[44,74861,83],{"class":58},[44,74863,1717],{"class":95},[44,74865,83],{"class":58},[44,74867,2955],{"class":95},[44,74869,1153],{"class":58},[20,74871,74872,74873,113],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74874,74875],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[981,74877,74879],{"id":74878},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74881,74882,74883,74886],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74884,74885],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[35,74888,74890],{"className":37,"code":74889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74891,74892,74912,74928,74932,74942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74893,74894,74896,74898,74900,74902,74904,74906,74908,74910],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74895,1551],{"class":50},[44,74897,55],{"class":54},[44,74899,1556],{"class":58},[44,74901,2567],{"class":95},[44,74903,83],{"class":58},[44,74905,1703],{"class":95},[44,74907,83],{"class":58},[44,74909,1717],{"class":95},[44,74911,1153],{"class":58},[44,74913,74914,74916,74918,74920,74922,74924,74926],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74915,1953],{"class":50},[44,74917,55],{"class":54},[44,74919,4767],{"class":50},[44,74921,74364],{"class":58},[44,74923,2526],{"class":54},[44,74925,1588],{"class":95},[44,74927,1153],{"class":58},[44,74929,74930],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,74931,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,74933,74934,74936,74938,74940],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,74935,136],{"class":135},[44,74937,120],{"class":58},[44,74939,1579],{"class":116},[44,74941,129],{"class":58},[44,74943,74944,74946,74948,74950],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,74945,136],{"class":135},[44,74947,120],{"class":58},[44,74949,1984],{"class":116},[44,74951,129],{"class":58},[20,74953,2576],{},[35,74955,74957],{"className":37,"code":74956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74958,74959,74975],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74960,74961,74963,74965,74967,74969,74971,74973],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74962,896],{"class":58},[44,74964,2567],{"class":95},[44,74966,83],{"class":58},[44,74968,1703],{"class":95},[44,74970,83],{"class":58},[44,74972,1717],{"class":95},[44,74974,1153],{"class":58},[44,74976,74977,74979,74981,74983,74985,74987,74989],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74978,896],{"class":58},[44,74980,2561],{"class":95},[44,74982,83],{"class":58},[44,74984,1703],{"class":95},[44,74986,83],{"class":58},[44,74988,2955],{"class":95},[44,74990,1153],{"class":58},[981,74992,74994],{"id":74993},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[252,74996,74997,75002,75007],{},[255,74998,227,74999,75001],{},[15,75000,73763],{}," when you want to change the original list",[255,75003,227,75004,75006],{},[15,75005,74885],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[255,75008,227,75009,75011],{},[15,75010,74666],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,75013,75014,75015,75021],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[625,75016,75018,75019,11221],{"href":75017},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,75020,64553],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[30,75023,769,75025],{"id":75024},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,75026,73763],{},[20,75028,75029,75031],{},[15,75030,73763],{}," is a good choice:",[252,75033,75034,75037,75040],{},[255,75035,75036],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[255,75038,75039],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[255,75041,75042],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,75044,75045,75046,113],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[625,75047,75049],{"href":75048},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[30,75051,3335],{"id":3334},[20,75053,75054,75055,75057],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,75056,73763],{}," for these reasons:",[252,75059,75060,75064,75069,75074],{},[255,75061,13063,75062,13066],{},[15,75063,73763],{},[255,75065,1904,75066,75068],{},[15,75067,73763],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[255,75070,1785,75071,75073],{},[15,75072,73763],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[255,75075,37435,75076,9200,75078],{},[15,75077,73763],{},[15,75079,75080],{},"reversed()",[20,75082,75083],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[35,75085,75087],{"className":37,"code":75086,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,75088,75089,75101],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75090,75091,75093,75095,75097,75099],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75092,34915],{"class":50},[44,75094,55],{"class":54},[44,75096,75],{"class":62},[44,75098,4349],{"class":66},[44,75100,3865],{"class":62},[44,75102,75103,75105,75107,75109],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75104,34936],{"class":50},[44,75106,113],{"class":58},[44,75108,73819],{"class":116},[44,75110,9138],{"class":58},[20,75112,75113,75114,33827],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,75115,73763],{},[20,75117,75118],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[35,75120,75122],{"className":37,"code":75121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75123,75124,75144,75148,75158,75172,75176,75190,75200,75204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75125,75126,75128,75130,75132,75134,75136,75138,75140,75142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75127,8803],{"class":50},[44,75129,55],{"class":54},[44,75131,1556],{"class":58},[44,75133,1588],{"class":95},[44,75135,83],{"class":58},[44,75137,1717],{"class":95},[44,75139,83],{"class":58},[44,75141,2955],{"class":95},[44,75143,1153],{"class":58},[44,75145,75146],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75147,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,75149,75150,75152,75154,75156],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,75151,136],{"class":135},[44,75153,120],{"class":58},[44,75155,8834],{"class":116},[44,75157,129],{"class":58},[44,75159,75160,75162,75164,75166,75168,75170],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,75161,136],{"class":135},[44,75163,120],{"class":58},[44,75165,2249],{"class":2248},[44,75167,120],{"class":58},[44,75169,8834],{"class":116},[44,75171,2239],{"class":58},[44,75173,75174],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,75175,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,75177,75178,75180,75182,75184,75186,75188],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,75179,1953],{"class":50},[44,75181,55],{"class":54},[44,75183,8891],{"class":50},[44,75185,113],{"class":58},[44,75187,73819],{"class":116},[44,75189,9138],{"class":58},[44,75191,75192,75194,75196,75198],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,75193,136],{"class":135},[44,75195,120],{"class":58},[44,75197,1984],{"class":116},[44,75199,129],{"class":58},[44,75201,75202],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,75203,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,75205,75206,75208,75210,75212,75214,75216,75218],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,75207,136],{"class":135},[44,75209,120],{"class":58},[44,75211,8834],{"class":116},[44,75213,74364],{"class":58},[44,75215,2526],{"class":54},[44,75217,1588],{"class":95},[44,75219,4391],{"class":58},[20,75221,2576],{},[35,75223,75225],{"className":37,"code":75224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75226,75227,75243,75257,75261],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75228,75229,75231,75233,75235,75237,75239,75241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75230,896],{"class":58},[44,75232,1588],{"class":95},[44,75234,83],{"class":58},[44,75236,1717],{"class":95},[44,75238,83],{"class":58},[44,75240,2955],{"class":95},[44,75242,1153],{"class":58},[44,75244,75245,75247,75249,75251,75253,75255],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75246,3797],{"class":54},[44,75248,3800],{"class":2570},[44,75250,2232],{"class":62},[44,75252,8588],{"class":66},[44,75254,2197],{"class":62},[44,75256,3809],{"class":54},[44,75258,75259],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,75260,12280],{"class":1266},[44,75262,75263,75265,75267,75269,75271,75273,75275],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,75264,896],{"class":58},[44,75266,1588],{"class":95},[44,75268,83],{"class":58},[44,75270,1717],{"class":95},[44,75272,83],{"class":58},[44,75274,1703],{"class":95},[44,75276,1153],{"class":58},[20,75278,75279],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[35,75281,75283],{"className":37,"code":75282,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75284,75285,75305,75309,75319,75333,75337,75351,75361,75371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75286,75287,75289,75291,75293,75295,75297,75299,75301,75303],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75288,8803],{"class":50},[44,75290,55],{"class":54},[44,75292,1556],{"class":58},[44,75294,1588],{"class":95},[44,75296,83],{"class":58},[44,75298,1717],{"class":95},[44,75300,83],{"class":58},[44,75302,2955],{"class":95},[44,75304,1153],{"class":58},[44,75306,75307],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75308,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,75310,75311,75313,75315,75317],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,75312,136],{"class":135},[44,75314,120],{"class":58},[44,75316,8834],{"class":116},[44,75318,129],{"class":58},[44,75320,75321,75323,75325,75327,75329,75331],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,75322,136],{"class":135},[44,75324,120],{"class":58},[44,75326,2249],{"class":2248},[44,75328,120],{"class":58},[44,75330,8834],{"class":116},[44,75332,2239],{"class":58},[44,75334,75335],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,75336,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,75338,75339,75341,75343,75345,75347,75349],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,75340,1953],{"class":50},[44,75342,55],{"class":54},[44,75344,8891],{"class":50},[44,75346,113],{"class":58},[44,75348,73819],{"class":116},[44,75350,9138],{"class":58},[44,75352,75353,75355,75357,75359],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,75354,136],{"class":135},[44,75356,120],{"class":58},[44,75358,1984],{"class":116},[44,75360,129],{"class":58},[44,75362,75363,75365,75367,75369],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,75364,136],{"class":135},[44,75366,120],{"class":58},[44,75368,8834],{"class":116},[44,75370,129],{"class":58},[44,75372,75373,75375,75377,75379,75381,75383,75385],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,75374,136],{"class":135},[44,75376,120],{"class":58},[44,75378,8834],{"class":116},[44,75380,74364],{"class":58},[44,75382,2526],{"class":54},[44,75384,1588],{"class":95},[44,75386,4391],{"class":58},[20,75388,2576],{},[35,75390,75392],{"className":37,"code":75391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75393,75394,75410,75424,75428,75444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75395,75396,75398,75400,75402,75404,75406,75408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75397,896],{"class":58},[44,75399,1588],{"class":95},[44,75401,83],{"class":58},[44,75403,1717],{"class":95},[44,75405,83],{"class":58},[44,75407,2955],{"class":95},[44,75409,1153],{"class":58},[44,75411,75412,75414,75416,75418,75420,75422],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75413,3797],{"class":54},[44,75415,3800],{"class":2570},[44,75417,2232],{"class":62},[44,75419,8588],{"class":66},[44,75421,2197],{"class":62},[44,75423,3809],{"class":54},[44,75425,75426],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,75427,12280],{"class":1266},[44,75429,75430,75432,75434,75436,75438,75440,75442],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,75431,896],{"class":58},[44,75433,2567],{"class":95},[44,75435,83],{"class":58},[44,75437,1717],{"class":95},[44,75439,83],{"class":58},[44,75441,1703],{"class":95},[44,75443,1153],{"class":58},[44,75445,75446,75448,75450,75452,75454,75456,75458],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,75447,896],{"class":58},[44,75449,1588],{"class":95},[44,75451,83],{"class":58},[44,75453,1717],{"class":95},[44,75455,83],{"class":58},[44,75457,2955],{"class":95},[44,75459,1153],{"class":58},[20,75461,75462],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[252,75464,75465,75474,75483],{},[255,75466,1778,75467,75470,75471],{},[15,75468,75469],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75472,75473],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[255,75475,12388,75476,75479,75480,22998],{},[15,75477,75478],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[590,75481,75482],{},"current",[255,75484,75485,75486],{},"So it prints ",[15,75487,75488],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[30,75490,2301],{"id":2300},[981,75492,2329,75494,55708],{"id":75493},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75495,73768],{},[20,75497,62844,75498,113],{},[15,75499,4282],{},[981,75501,34432,75503,34435,75505,2363],{"id":75502},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75504,73763],{},[15,75506,75507],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75509,75510,75512],{},[15,75511,73763],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75514,75515,75517],{},[15,75516,75507],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[981,75519,2339,75521,75523],{"id":75520},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75522,73763],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75525,46601,75526,75528],{},[15,75527,73763],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[981,75530,75532],{"id":75531},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75534,75535],{},"Use slicing:",[35,75537,75539],{"className":37,"code":75538,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75540,75541],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75542,75543,75545,75547,75549,75551],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75544,8834],{"class":50},[44,75546,74364],{"class":58},[44,75548,2526],{"class":54},[44,75550,1588],{"class":95},[44,75552,1153],{"class":58},[20,75554,75555],{},"Or use:",[35,75557,75559],{"className":37,"code":75558,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75560,75561],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75562,75563,75565,75567,75570,75572,75574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75564,8588],{"class":2248},[44,75566,120],{"class":58},[44,75568,75569],{"class":135},"reversed",[44,75571,120],{"class":58},[44,75573,8834],{"class":116},[44,75575,2239],{"class":58},[20,75577,75578,75579,75583],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[625,75580,55759,75581],{"href":55199},[15,75582,13241],{}," can also help.",[30,75585,2375],{"id":2374},[252,75587,75588,75594,75600,75604,75608],{},[255,75589,75590],{},[625,75591,55759,75592,11221],{"href":75017},[15,75593,64553],{},[255,75595,75596],{},[625,75597,4083,75598,4016],{"href":74763},[15,75599,74666],{},[255,75601,75602],{},[625,75603,75049],{"href":75048},[255,75605,75606],{},[625,75607,74464],{"href":73781},[255,75609,75610],{},[625,75611,55759,75612,11221],{"href":55199},[15,75613,13241],{},[2414,75615,75616],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":75618},[75619,75620,75622,75623,75624,75626,75627,75634,75636,75637,75646],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":73842,"depth":102,"text":75621},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952},{"id":74201,"depth":102,"text":75625},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74467,"depth":102,"text":74468},{"id":74661,"depth":102,"text":75628,"children":75629},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75630,75631,75632,75633],{"id":73819,"depth":132,"text":73763},{"id":74756,"depth":132,"text":74666},{"id":74878,"depth":132,"text":74879},{"id":74993,"depth":132,"text":74994},{"id":75024,"depth":102,"text":75635},"When to use reverse()",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":75638},[75639,75641,75643,75645],{"id":75493,"depth":132,"text":75640},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75502,"depth":132,"text":75642},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75520,"depth":132,"text":75644},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75531,"depth":132,"text":75532},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73755,"description":75647},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75654,"title":75655,"body":75656,"description":78089,"extension":2465,"meta":78090,"navigation":169,"path":78091,"seo":78092,"stem":78093,"__hash__":78094},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75657,"toc":78057},[75658,75661,75673,75676,75699,75707,75709,75821,75830,75834,75837,75840,75927,75929,75962,75964,75987,75993,75997,76000,76022,76024,76041,76044,76064,76066,76176,76178,76255,76259,76262,76305,76307,76440,76442,76544,76549,76553,76556,76558,76572,76575,76689,76691,76765,76767,76795,76799,76804,76834,76837,76963,76965,77047,77053,77057,77059,77098,77107,77111,77114,77118,77165,77167,77175,77179,77230,77232,77245,77247,77261,77264,77272,77274,77321,77323,77331,77334,77377,77382,77385,77388,77411,77415,77466,77469,77490,77500,77504,77506,77536,77539,77562,77566,77569,77636,77638,77675,77678,77686,77753,77755,77792,77798,77805,77809,77812,77842,77847,77851,77854,77878,77881,77975,77985,77987,77991,77994,77998,78001,78006,78009,78015,78018,78020,78048,78054],[10,75659,75655],{"id":75660},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75662,75663,75664,2695,75666,17526,75669,75672],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75665,36302],{},[15,75667,75668],{},"stop",[15,75670,75671],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75674,75675],{},"The basic slice form is:",[35,75677,75679],{"className":37,"code":75678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75680,75681],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75682,75683,75685,75687,75689,75691,75693,75695,75697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75684,8834],{"class":50},[44,75686,896],{"class":58},[44,75688,36302],{"class":50},[44,75690,72],{"class":58},[44,75692,75668],{"class":50},[44,75694,72],{"class":58},[44,75696,75671],{"class":50},[44,75698,1153],{"class":58},[20,75700,75701,75702,75704,75705,113],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75703,75668],{}," position is ",[590,75706,65311],{},[30,75708,2507],{"id":2506},[35,75710,75712],{"className":37,"code":75711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75713,75714,75742,75746,75767,75785,75802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75715,75716,75718,75720,75722,75724,75726,75728,75730,75732,75734,75736,75738,75740],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75717,1551],{"class":50},[44,75719,55],{"class":54},[44,75721,1556],{"class":58},[44,75723,1559],{"class":95},[44,75725,83],{"class":58},[44,75727,646],{"class":95},[44,75729,83],{"class":58},[44,75731,1568],{"class":95},[44,75733,83],{"class":58},[44,75735,51081],{"class":95},[44,75737,83],{"class":58},[44,75739,5581],{"class":95},[44,75741,1153],{"class":58},[44,75743,75744],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75745,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,75747,75748,75750,75752,75754,75756,75758,75760,75762,75764],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,75749,136],{"class":135},[44,75751,120],{"class":58},[44,75753,1579],{"class":116},[44,75755,896],{"class":58},[44,75757,1588],{"class":95},[44,75759,72],{"class":58},[44,75761,3008],{"class":95},[44,75763,20892],{"class":58},[44,75765,75766],{"class":147},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[44,75768,75769,75771,75773,75775,75778,75780,75782],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,75770,136],{"class":135},[44,75772,120],{"class":58},[44,75774,1579],{"class":116},[44,75776,75777],{"class":58},"[:",[44,75779,2567],{"class":95},[44,75781,20892],{"class":58},[44,75783,75784],{"class":147},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[44,75786,75787,75789,75791,75793,75795,75797,75799],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,75788,136],{"class":135},[44,75790,120],{"class":58},[44,75792,1579],{"class":116},[44,75794,74364],{"class":58},[44,75796,2561],{"class":95},[44,75798,20892],{"class":58},[44,75800,75801],{"class":147},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[44,75803,75804,75806,75808,75810,75812,75814,75816,75818],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,75805,136],{"class":135},[44,75807,120],{"class":58},[44,75809,1579],{"class":116},[44,75811,74364],{"class":58},[44,75813,2526],{"class":54},[44,75815,1588],{"class":95},[44,75817,20892],{"class":58},[44,75819,75820],{"class":147},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75822,227,75823,75826,75827,75829],{},[15,75824,75825],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75828,75668],{}," value is not included.",[30,75831,75833],{"id":75832},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75835,75836],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75838,75839],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[35,75841,75843],{"className":37,"code":75842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75844,75845,75893,75897,75916],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75846,75847,75849,75851,75853,75855,75857,75859,75861,75863,75865,75867,75869,75871,75873,75875,75877,75879,75881,75883,75885,75887,75889,75891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75848,36320],{"class":50},[44,75850,55],{"class":54},[44,75852,1556],{"class":58},[44,75854,63],{"class":62},[44,75856,625],{"class":66},[44,75858,63],{"class":62},[44,75860,83],{"class":58},[44,75862,75],{"class":62},[44,75864,639],{"class":66},[44,75866,63],{"class":62},[44,75868,83],{"class":58},[44,75870,75],{"class":62},[44,75872,696],{"class":66},[44,75874,63],{"class":62},[44,75876,83],{"class":58},[44,75878,75],{"class":62},[44,75880,19217],{"class":66},[44,75882,63],{"class":62},[44,75884,83],{"class":58},[44,75886,75],{"class":62},[44,75888,60688],{"class":66},[44,75890,63],{"class":62},[44,75892,1153],{"class":58},[44,75894,75895],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75896,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,75898,75899,75902,75904,75906,75908,75910,75912,75914],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,75900,75901],{"class":50},"part ",[44,75903,55],{"class":54},[44,75905,70338],{"class":50},[44,75907,896],{"class":58},[44,75909,1588],{"class":95},[44,75911,72],{"class":58},[44,75913,3008],{"class":95},[44,75915,1153],{"class":58},[44,75917,75918,75920,75922,75925],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,75919,136],{"class":135},[44,75921,120],{"class":58},[44,75923,75924],{"class":116},"part",[44,75926,129],{"class":58},[20,75928,2576],{},[35,75930,75932],{"className":37,"code":75931,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75933,75934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75935,75936,75938,75940,75942,75944,75946,75948,75950,75952,75954,75956,75958,75960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75937,896],{"class":58},[44,75939,2197],{"class":62},[44,75941,639],{"class":66},[44,75943,2197],{"class":62},[44,75945,83],{"class":58},[44,75947,2232],{"class":62},[44,75949,696],{"class":66},[44,75951,2197],{"class":62},[44,75953,83],{"class":58},[44,75955,2232],{"class":62},[44,75957,19217],{"class":66},[44,75959,2197],{"class":62},[44,75961,1153],{"class":58},[20,75963,13515],{},[252,75965,75966,75969,75972,75978,75984],{},[255,75967,75968],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[255,75970,75971],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[255,75973,75974,75975],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75976,75977],{},"list[start:stop]",[255,75979,75980,75981,75983],{},"The item at ",[15,75982,75668],{}," is not included",[255,75985,75986],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75988,75989,75990,113],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[625,75991,75992],{"href":51217},"beginner guide to Python lists",[30,75994,75996],{"id":75995},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75998,75999],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[35,76001,76002],{"className":37,"code":75678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,76003,76004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76005,76006,76008,76010,76012,76014,76016,76018,76020],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76007,8834],{"class":50},[44,76009,896],{"class":58},[44,76011,36302],{"class":50},[44,76013,72],{"class":58},[44,76015,75668],{"class":50},[44,76017,72],{"class":58},[44,76019,75671],{"class":50},[44,76021,1153],{"class":58},[20,76023,65287],{},[252,76025,76026,76031,76036],{},[255,76027,76028,76030],{},[15,76029,36302],{}," is where slicing begins",[255,76032,76033,76035],{},[15,76034,75668],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[255,76037,76038,76040],{},[15,76039,75671],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,76042,76043],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[252,76045,76046,76052,76057],{},[255,76047,76048,76049,76051],{},"Missing ",[15,76050,36302],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[255,76053,76048,76054,76056],{},[15,76055,75668],{}," means go to the end of the list",[255,76058,76048,76059,76061,76062],{},[15,76060,75671],{}," means use ",[15,76063,1588],{},[20,76065,269],{},[35,76067,76069],{"className":37,"code":76068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,76070,76071,76099,76103,76124,76141,76159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76072,76073,76075,76077,76079,76081,76083,76085,76087,76089,76091,76093,76095,76097],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76074,1551],{"class":50},[44,76076,55],{"class":54},[44,76078,1556],{"class":58},[44,76080,1559],{"class":95},[44,76082,83],{"class":58},[44,76084,646],{"class":95},[44,76086,83],{"class":58},[44,76088,1568],{"class":95},[44,76090,83],{"class":58},[44,76092,51081],{"class":95},[44,76094,83],{"class":58},[44,76096,5581],{"class":95},[44,76098,1153],{"class":58},[44,76100,76101],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76102,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,76104,76105,76107,76109,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,76106,136],{"class":135},[44,76108,120],{"class":58},[44,76110,1579],{"class":116},[44,76112,896],{"class":58},[44,76114,1588],{"class":95},[44,76116,72],{"class":58},[44,76118,3008],{"class":95},[44,76120,20892],{"class":58},[44,76122,76123],{"class":147},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[44,76125,76126,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,76127,136],{"class":135},[44,76129,120],{"class":58},[44,76131,1579],{"class":116},[44,76133,75777],{"class":58},[44,76135,2567],{"class":95},[44,76137,20892],{"class":58},[44,76139,76140],{"class":147},"    # start from the beginning\n",[44,76142,76143,76145,76147,76149,76151,76153,76156],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,76144,136],{"class":135},[44,76146,120],{"class":58},[44,76148,1579],{"class":116},[44,76150,896],{"class":58},[44,76152,2561],{"class":95},[44,76154,76155],{"class":58},":])",[44,76157,76158],{"class":147},"    # go to the end\n",[44,76160,76161,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171,76173],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,76162,136],{"class":135},[44,76164,120],{"class":58},[44,76166,1579],{"class":116},[44,76168,74364],{"class":58},[44,76170,1588],{"class":95},[44,76172,20892],{"class":58},[44,76174,76175],{"class":147},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76177,2576],{},[35,76179,76181],{"className":37,"code":76180,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76182,76183,76199,76215,76231],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76184,76185,76187,76189,76191,76193,76195,76197],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76186,896],{"class":58},[44,76188,16210],{"class":95},[44,76190,83],{"class":58},[44,76192,1568],{"class":95},[44,76194,83],{"class":58},[44,76196,51081],{"class":95},[44,76198,1153],{"class":58},[44,76200,76201,76203,76205,76207,76209,76211,76213],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76202,896],{"class":58},[44,76204,1559],{"class":95},[44,76206,83],{"class":58},[44,76208,646],{"class":95},[44,76210,83],{"class":58},[44,76212,1568],{"class":95},[44,76214,1153],{"class":58},[44,76216,76217,76219,76221,76223,76225,76227,76229],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,76218,896],{"class":58},[44,76220,37072],{"class":95},[44,76222,83],{"class":58},[44,76224,51081],{"class":95},[44,76226,83],{"class":58},[44,76228,5581],{"class":95},[44,76230,1153],{"class":58},[44,76232,76233,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249,76251,76253],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,76234,896],{"class":58},[44,76236,1559],{"class":95},[44,76238,83],{"class":58},[44,76240,646],{"class":95},[44,76242,83],{"class":58},[44,76244,1568],{"class":95},[44,76246,83],{"class":58},[44,76248,51081],{"class":95},[44,76250,83],{"class":58},[44,76252,5581],{"class":95},[44,76254,1153],{"class":58},[30,76256,76258],{"id":76257},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76260,76261],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[252,76263,76264,76273,76282,76293,76299],{},[255,76265,76266,76269,76270,6467],{},[15,76267,76268],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76271,76272],{},"n",[255,76274,76275,76278,76279,76281],{},[15,76276,76277],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76280,76272],{}," to the end",[255,76283,76284,76287,76288,76290,76291],{},[15,76285,76286],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76289,625],{}," up to ",[15,76292,639],{},[255,76294,76295,76298],{},[15,76296,76297],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[255,76300,76301,76304],{},[15,76302,76303],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76306,269],{},[35,76308,76310],{"className":37,"code":76309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76311,76312,76345,76349,76366,76383,76404,76421],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76313,76314,76316,76318,76320,76322,76324,76326,76328,76330,76332,76334,76336,76338,76340,76343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76315,1551],{"class":50},[44,76317,55],{"class":54},[44,76319,1556],{"class":58},[44,76321,1559],{"class":95},[44,76323,83],{"class":58},[44,76325,646],{"class":95},[44,76327,83],{"class":58},[44,76329,1568],{"class":95},[44,76331,83],{"class":58},[44,76333,51081],{"class":95},[44,76335,83],{"class":58},[44,76337,5581],{"class":95},[44,76339,83],{"class":58},[44,76341,76342],{"class":95}," 60",[44,76344,1153],{"class":58},[44,76346,76347],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76348,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,76350,76351,76353,76355,76357,76359,76361,76363],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,76352,136],{"class":135},[44,76354,120],{"class":58},[44,76356,1579],{"class":116},[44,76358,75777],{"class":58},[44,76360,2567],{"class":95},[44,76362,20892],{"class":58},[44,76364,76365],{"class":147},"    # first 3 items\n",[44,76367,76368,76370,76372,76374,76376,76378,76380],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,76369,136],{"class":135},[44,76371,120],{"class":58},[44,76373,1579],{"class":116},[44,76375,896],{"class":58},[44,76377,2567],{"class":95},[44,76379,76155],{"class":58},[44,76381,76382],{"class":147},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[44,76384,76385,76387,76389,76391,76393,76395,76397,76399,76401],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,76386,136],{"class":135},[44,76388,120],{"class":58},[44,76390,1579],{"class":116},[44,76392,896],{"class":58},[44,76394,1588],{"class":95},[44,76396,72],{"class":58},[44,76398,2643],{"class":95},[44,76400,20892],{"class":58},[44,76402,76403],{"class":147},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[44,76405,76406,76408,76410,76412,76414,76416,76418],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,76407,136],{"class":135},[44,76409,120],{"class":58},[44,76411,1579],{"class":116},[44,76413,74364],{"class":58},[44,76415,2561],{"class":95},[44,76417,20892],{"class":58},[44,76419,76420],{"class":147},"   # every second item\n",[44,76422,76423,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433,76435,76437],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,76424,136],{"class":135},[44,76426,120],{"class":58},[44,76428,1579],{"class":116},[44,76430,74364],{"class":58},[44,76432,2526],{"class":54},[44,76434,1588],{"class":95},[44,76436,20892],{"class":58},[44,76438,76439],{"class":147},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76441,2576],{},[35,76443,76445],{"className":37,"code":76444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76446,76447,76463,76479,76499,76515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76448,76449,76451,76453,76455,76457,76459,76461],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76450,896],{"class":58},[44,76452,1559],{"class":95},[44,76454,83],{"class":58},[44,76456,646],{"class":95},[44,76458,83],{"class":58},[44,76460,1568],{"class":95},[44,76462,1153],{"class":58},[44,76464,76465,76467,76469,76471,76473,76475,76477],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76466,896],{"class":58},[44,76468,56932],{"class":95},[44,76470,83],{"class":58},[44,76472,5581],{"class":95},[44,76474,83],{"class":58},[44,76476,76342],{"class":95},[44,76478,1153],{"class":58},[44,76480,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493,76495,76497],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,76482,896],{"class":58},[44,76484,16210],{"class":95},[44,76486,83],{"class":58},[44,76488,1568],{"class":95},[44,76490,83],{"class":58},[44,76492,51081],{"class":95},[44,76494,83],{"class":58},[44,76496,5581],{"class":95},[44,76498,1153],{"class":58},[44,76500,76501,76503,76505,76507,76509,76511,76513],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,76502,896],{"class":58},[44,76504,1559],{"class":95},[44,76506,83],{"class":58},[44,76508,1568],{"class":95},[44,76510,83],{"class":58},[44,76512,5581],{"class":95},[44,76514,1153],{"class":58},[44,76516,76517,76519,76522,76524,76526,76528,76530,76532,76534,76536,76538,76540,76542],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,76518,896],{"class":58},[44,76520,76521],{"class":95},"60",[44,76523,83],{"class":58},[44,76525,5581],{"class":95},[44,76527,83],{"class":58},[44,76529,51081],{"class":95},[44,76531,83],{"class":58},[44,76533,1568],{"class":95},[44,76535,83],{"class":58},[44,76537,646],{"class":95},[44,76539,83],{"class":58},[44,76541,632],{"class":95},[44,76543,1153],{"class":58},[20,76545,76546,76547,113],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[625,76548,15345],{"href":57459},[30,76550,76552],{"id":76551},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76554,76555],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76557,5973],{},[252,76559,76560,76566],{},[255,76561,76562,76565],{},[15,76563,76564],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[255,76567,76568,76571],{},[15,76569,76570],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76573,76574],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[35,76576,76578],{"className":37,"code":76577,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76579,76580,76628,76632,76651,76670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76581,76582,76584,76586,76588,76590,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600,76602,76604,76606,76608,76610,76612,76614,76616,76618,76620,76622,76624,76626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76583,36320],{"class":50},[44,76585,55],{"class":54},[44,76587,1556],{"class":58},[44,76589,63],{"class":62},[44,76591,625],{"class":66},[44,76593,63],{"class":62},[44,76595,83],{"class":58},[44,76597,75],{"class":62},[44,76599,639],{"class":66},[44,76601,63],{"class":62},[44,76603,83],{"class":58},[44,76605,75],{"class":62},[44,76607,696],{"class":66},[44,76609,63],{"class":62},[44,76611,83],{"class":58},[44,76613,75],{"class":62},[44,76615,19217],{"class":66},[44,76617,63],{"class":62},[44,76619,83],{"class":58},[44,76621,75],{"class":62},[44,76623,60688],{"class":66},[44,76625,63],{"class":62},[44,76627,1153],{"class":58},[44,76629,76630],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76631,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,76633,76634,76636,76638,76640,76642,76644,76646,76648],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,76635,136],{"class":135},[44,76637,120],{"class":58},[44,76639,36373],{"class":116},[44,76641,896],{"class":58},[44,76643,2526],{"class":54},[44,76645,1588],{"class":95},[44,76647,20892],{"class":58},[44,76649,76650],{"class":147},"    # last item\n",[44,76652,76653,76655,76657,76659,76661,76663,76665,76667],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,76654,136],{"class":135},[44,76656,120],{"class":58},[44,76658,36373],{"class":116},[44,76660,896],{"class":58},[44,76662,2526],{"class":54},[44,76664,2567],{"class":95},[44,76666,76155],{"class":58},[44,76668,76669],{"class":147},"   # last 3 items\n",[44,76671,76672,76674,76676,76678,76680,76682,76684,76686],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,76673,136],{"class":135},[44,76675,120],{"class":58},[44,76677,36373],{"class":116},[44,76679,75777],{"class":58},[44,76681,2526],{"class":54},[44,76683,1588],{"class":95},[44,76685,20892],{"class":58},[44,76687,76688],{"class":147},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76690,2576],{},[35,76692,76694],{"className":37,"code":76693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76695,76696,76701,76729],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76697,76698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76699,76700],{"class":50},"e\n",[44,76702,76703,76705,76707,76709,76711,76713,76715,76717,76719,76721,76723,76725,76727],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76704,896],{"class":58},[44,76706,2197],{"class":62},[44,76708,696],{"class":66},[44,76710,2197],{"class":62},[44,76712,83],{"class":58},[44,76714,2232],{"class":62},[44,76716,19217],{"class":66},[44,76718,2197],{"class":62},[44,76720,83],{"class":58},[44,76722,2232],{"class":62},[44,76724,60688],{"class":66},[44,76726,2197],{"class":62},[44,76728,1153],{"class":58},[44,76730,76731,76733,76735,76737,76739,76741,76743,76745,76747,76749,76751,76753,76755,76757,76759,76761,76763],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,76732,896],{"class":58},[44,76734,2197],{"class":62},[44,76736,625],{"class":66},[44,76738,2197],{"class":62},[44,76740,83],{"class":58},[44,76742,2232],{"class":62},[44,76744,639],{"class":66},[44,76746,2197],{"class":62},[44,76748,83],{"class":58},[44,76750,2232],{"class":62},[44,76752,696],{"class":66},[44,76754,2197],{"class":62},[44,76756,83],{"class":58},[44,76758,2232],{"class":62},[44,76760,19217],{"class":66},[44,76762,2197],{"class":62},[44,76764,1153],{"class":58},[20,76766,13515],{},[252,76768,76769,76772,76776,76782,76788],{},[255,76770,76771],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[255,76773,76774,76565],{},[15,76775,76564],{},[255,76777,76778,76781],{},[15,76779,76780],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[255,76783,76784,76787],{},[15,76785,76786],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[255,76789,76790,76791,976,76793],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76792,36302],{},[15,76794,75668],{},[30,76796,76798],{"id":76797},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76800,2482,76801,76803],{},[15,76802,75671],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[252,76805,76806,76809,76812,76817,76827],{},[255,76807,76808],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[255,76810,76811],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[255,76813,76814,76816],{},[15,76815,76303],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[255,76818,2154,76819,76821,76822,76824,76825],{},[15,76820,75671],{}," is negative, ",[15,76823,36302],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76826,75668],{},[255,76828,76829,76831,76832],{},[15,76830,75671],{}," cannot be ",[15,76833,2626],{},[20,76835,76836],{},"Example with different step values:",[35,76838,76840],{"className":37,"code":76839,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76841,76842,76874,76878,76895,76917,76936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76843,76844,76846,76848,76850,76852,76854,76856,76858,76860,76862,76864,76866,76868,76870,76872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76845,1551],{"class":50},[44,76847,55],{"class":54},[44,76849,1556],{"class":58},[44,76851,1559],{"class":95},[44,76853,83],{"class":58},[44,76855,646],{"class":95},[44,76857,83],{"class":58},[44,76859,1568],{"class":95},[44,76861,83],{"class":58},[44,76863,51081],{"class":95},[44,76865,83],{"class":58},[44,76867,5581],{"class":95},[44,76869,83],{"class":58},[44,76871,76342],{"class":95},[44,76873,1153],{"class":58},[44,76875,76876],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76877,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,76879,76880,76882,76884,76886,76888,76890,76892],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,76881,136],{"class":135},[44,76883,120],{"class":58},[44,76885,1579],{"class":116},[44,76887,74364],{"class":58},[44,76889,2561],{"class":95},[44,76891,20892],{"class":58},[44,76893,76894],{"class":147},"     # every second item\n",[44,76896,76897,76899,76901,76903,76905,76907,76910,76912,76914],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,76898,136],{"class":135},[44,76900,120],{"class":58},[44,76902,1579],{"class":116},[44,76904,896],{"class":58},[44,76906,1588],{"class":95},[44,76908,76909],{"class":58},"::",[44,76911,2561],{"class":95},[44,76913,20892],{"class":58},[44,76915,76916],{"class":147},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[44,76918,76919,76921,76923,76925,76927,76929,76931,76933],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,76920,136],{"class":135},[44,76922,120],{"class":58},[44,76924,1579],{"class":116},[44,76926,74364],{"class":58},[44,76928,2526],{"class":54},[44,76930,1588],{"class":95},[44,76932,20892],{"class":58},[44,76934,76935],{"class":147},"    # reverse the list\n",[44,76937,76938,76940,76942,76944,76946,76948,76950,76952,76954,76956,76958,76960],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,76939,136],{"class":135},[44,76941,120],{"class":58},[44,76943,1579],{"class":116},[44,76945,896],{"class":58},[44,76947,3008],{"class":95},[44,76949,72],{"class":58},[44,76951,1588],{"class":95},[44,76953,72],{"class":58},[44,76955,2526],{"class":54},[44,76957,1588],{"class":95},[44,76959,20892],{"class":58},[44,76961,76962],{"class":147},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76964,2576],{},[35,76966,76968],{"className":37,"code":76967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76969,76970,76986,77002,77030],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76971,76972,76974,76976,76978,76980,76982,76984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76973,896],{"class":58},[44,76975,1559],{"class":95},[44,76977,83],{"class":58},[44,76979,1568],{"class":95},[44,76981,83],{"class":58},[44,76983,5581],{"class":95},[44,76985,1153],{"class":58},[44,76987,76988,76990,76992,76994,76996,76998,77000],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76989,896],{"class":58},[44,76991,16210],{"class":95},[44,76993,83],{"class":58},[44,76995,51081],{"class":95},[44,76997,83],{"class":58},[44,76999,76342],{"class":95},[44,77001,1153],{"class":58},[44,77003,77004,77006,77008,77010,77012,77014,77016,77018,77020,77022,77024,77026,77028],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,77005,896],{"class":58},[44,77007,76521],{"class":95},[44,77009,83],{"class":58},[44,77011,5581],{"class":95},[44,77013,83],{"class":58},[44,77015,51081],{"class":95},[44,77017,83],{"class":58},[44,77019,1568],{"class":95},[44,77021,83],{"class":58},[44,77023,646],{"class":95},[44,77025,83],{"class":58},[44,77027,632],{"class":95},[44,77029,1153],{"class":58},[44,77031,77032,77034,77037,77039,77041,77043,77045],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,77033,896],{"class":58},[44,77035,77036],{"class":95},"50",[44,77038,83],{"class":58},[44,77040,51081],{"class":95},[44,77042,83],{"class":58},[44,77044,1568],{"class":95},[44,77046,1153],{"class":58},[20,77048,77049,77050,113],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[625,77051,77052],{"href":75048},"how to reverse a list in Python",[981,77054,77056],{"id":77055},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,77058,3342],{},[35,77060,77062],{"className":37,"code":77061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77063,77064,77084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77065,77066,77068,77070,77072,77074,77076,77078,77080,77082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77067,1551],{"class":50},[44,77069,55],{"class":54},[44,77071,1556],{"class":58},[44,77073,1588],{"class":95},[44,77075,83],{"class":58},[44,77077,1717],{"class":95},[44,77079,83],{"class":58},[44,77081,2955],{"class":95},[44,77083,1153],{"class":58},[44,77085,77086,77088,77090,77092,77094,77096],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77087,136],{"class":135},[44,77089,120],{"class":58},[44,77091,1579],{"class":116},[44,77093,74364],{"class":58},[44,77095,2626],{"class":95},[44,77097,4391],{"class":58},[20,77099,77100,77101,77103,77104,77106],{},"Python raises a ",[15,77102,40937],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,77105,2626],{}," does not make sense.",[30,77108,77110],{"id":77109},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,77112,77113],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[981,77115,77117],{"id":77116},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[35,77119,77121],{"className":37,"code":77120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,77122,77123,77147,77151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77124,77125,77127,77129,77131,77133,77135,77137,77139,77141,77143,77145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77126,1551],{"class":50},[44,77128,55],{"class":54},[44,77130,1556],{"class":58},[44,77132,1559],{"class":95},[44,77134,83],{"class":58},[44,77136,646],{"class":95},[44,77138,83],{"class":58},[44,77140,1568],{"class":95},[44,77142,83],{"class":58},[44,77144,51081],{"class":95},[44,77146,1153],{"class":58},[44,77148,77149],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77150,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,77152,77153,77155,77157,77159,77161,77163],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,77154,136],{"class":135},[44,77156,120],{"class":58},[44,77158,1579],{"class":116},[44,77160,896],{"class":58},[44,77162,2561],{"class":95},[44,77164,4391],{"class":58},[20,77166,2576],{},[35,77168,77169],{"className":37,"code":70082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,77170,77171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77172,77173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77174,70082],{"class":95},[981,77176,77178],{"id":77177},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[35,77180,77182],{"className":37,"code":77181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77183,77184,77208,77212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77185,77186,77188,77190,77192,77194,77196,77198,77200,77202,77204,77206],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77187,1551],{"class":50},[44,77189,55],{"class":54},[44,77191,1556],{"class":58},[44,77193,1559],{"class":95},[44,77195,83],{"class":58},[44,77197,646],{"class":95},[44,77199,83],{"class":58},[44,77201,1568],{"class":95},[44,77203,83],{"class":58},[44,77205,51081],{"class":95},[44,77207,1153],{"class":58},[44,77209,77210],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77211,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,77213,77214,77216,77218,77220,77222,77224,77226,77228],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,77215,136],{"class":135},[44,77217,120],{"class":58},[44,77219,1579],{"class":116},[44,77221,896],{"class":58},[44,77223,2561],{"class":95},[44,77225,72],{"class":58},[44,77227,2567],{"class":95},[44,77229,4391],{"class":58},[20,77231,2576],{},[35,77233,77235],{"className":37,"code":77234,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[30]\n",[15,77236,77237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77238,77239,77241,77243],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77240,896],{"class":58},[44,77242,37072],{"class":95},[44,77244,1153],{"class":58},[20,77246,14222],{},[252,77248,77249,77255],{},[255,77250,77251,77254],{},[15,77252,77253],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[255,77256,77257,77260],{},[15,77258,77259],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77262,77263],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[252,77265,77266,77269],{},[255,77267,77268],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[255,77270,77271],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77273,269],{},[35,77275,77277],{"className":37,"code":77276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77278,77279,77299,77303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77280,77281,77283,77285,77287,77289,77291,77293,77295,77297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77282,1551],{"class":50},[44,77284,55],{"class":54},[44,77286,1556],{"class":58},[44,77288,1559],{"class":95},[44,77290,83],{"class":58},[44,77292,646],{"class":95},[44,77294,83],{"class":58},[44,77296,1568],{"class":95},[44,77298,1153],{"class":58},[44,77300,77301],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77302,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,77304,77305,77307,77309,77311,77313,77315,77317,77319],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,77306,136],{"class":135},[44,77308,120],{"class":58},[44,77310,1579],{"class":116},[44,77312,896],{"class":58},[44,77314,2643],{"class":95},[44,77316,72],{"class":58},[44,77318,1559],{"class":95},[44,77320,4391],{"class":58},[20,77322,2576],{},[35,77324,77325],{"className":37,"code":38529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,77326,77327],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77328,77329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77330,38529],{"class":58},[20,77332,77333],{},"But this would raise an error:",[35,77335,77337],{"className":37,"code":77336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77338,77339,77359,77363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77340,77341,77343,77345,77347,77349,77351,77353,77355,77357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77342,1551],{"class":50},[44,77344,55],{"class":54},[44,77346,1556],{"class":58},[44,77348,1559],{"class":95},[44,77350,83],{"class":58},[44,77352,646],{"class":95},[44,77354,83],{"class":58},[44,77356,1568],{"class":95},[44,77358,1153],{"class":58},[44,77360,77361],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77362,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,77364,77365,77367,77369,77371,77373,77375],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,77366,136],{"class":135},[44,77368,120],{"class":58},[44,77370,1579],{"class":116},[44,77372,896],{"class":58},[44,77374,2643],{"class":95},[44,77376,4391],{"class":58},[20,77378,77379,77380,113],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[625,77381,69501],{"href":69500},[30,77383,15633],{"id":77384},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77386,77387],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[252,77389,77390,77394,77396,77399,77405],{},[255,77391,1675,77392,75983],{},[15,77393,75668],{},[255,77395,60933],{},[255,77397,77398],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[255,77400,37435,77401,9200,77403],{},[15,77402,76303],{},[15,77404,73768],{},[255,77406,77407,77408,77410],{},"Using step ",[15,77409,2626],{},", which causes an error",[981,77412,77414],{"id":77413},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[35,77416,77418],{"className":37,"code":77417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77419,77420,77448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77421,77422,77424,77426,77428,77430,77432,77434,77436,77438,77440,77442,77444,77446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77423,1551],{"class":50},[44,77425,55],{"class":54},[44,77427,1556],{"class":58},[44,77429,1559],{"class":95},[44,77431,83],{"class":58},[44,77433,646],{"class":95},[44,77435,83],{"class":58},[44,77437,1568],{"class":95},[44,77439,83],{"class":58},[44,77441,51081],{"class":95},[44,77443,83],{"class":58},[44,77445,5581],{"class":95},[44,77447,1153],{"class":58},[44,77449,77450,77452,77454,77456,77458,77460,77462,77464],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77451,136],{"class":135},[44,77453,120],{"class":58},[44,77455,1579],{"class":116},[44,77457,896],{"class":58},[44,77459,1588],{"class":95},[44,77461,72],{"class":58},[44,77463,3008],{"class":95},[44,77465,4391],{"class":58},[20,77467,77468],{},"This returns:",[35,77470,77472],{"className":37,"code":77471,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77473,77474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77475,77476,77478,77480,77482,77484,77486,77488],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77477,896],{"class":58},[44,77479,16210],{"class":95},[44,77481,83],{"class":58},[44,77483,1568],{"class":95},[44,77485,83],{"class":58},[44,77487,51081],{"class":95},[44,77489,1153],{"class":58},[20,77491,41139,77492,77494,77495,77497,77498,113],{},[590,77493,592],{}," include ",[15,77496,77036],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77499,3008],{},[981,77501,77503],{"id":77502},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77505,17098],{},[35,77507,77509],{"className":37,"code":77508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77510,77511,77531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77512,77513,77515,77517,77519,77521,77523,77525,77527,77529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77514,1551],{"class":50},[44,77516,55],{"class":54},[44,77518,1556],{"class":58},[44,77520,1559],{"class":95},[44,77522,83],{"class":58},[44,77524,646],{"class":95},[44,77526,83],{"class":58},[44,77528,1568],{"class":95},[44,77530,1153],{"class":58},[44,77532,77533],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77534,77535],{"class":147},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77537,77538],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[35,77540,77542],{"className":37,"code":77541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77543,77544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77545,77546,77548,77550,77552,77554,77556,77558,77560],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77547,136],{"class":135},[44,77549,120],{"class":58},[44,77551,1579],{"class":116},[44,77553,896],{"class":58},[44,77555,1588],{"class":95},[44,77557,72],{"class":58},[44,77559,2567],{"class":95},[44,77561,4391],{"class":58},[981,77563,77565],{"id":77564},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77567,77568],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[35,77570,77572],{"className":37,"code":77571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77573,77574,77598,77612,77616,77626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77575,77576,77578,77580,77582,77584,77586,77588,77590,77592,77594,77596],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77577,1551],{"class":50},[44,77579,55],{"class":54},[44,77581,1556],{"class":58},[44,77583,1559],{"class":95},[44,77585,83],{"class":58},[44,77587,646],{"class":95},[44,77589,83],{"class":58},[44,77591,1568],{"class":95},[44,77593,83],{"class":58},[44,77595,51081],{"class":95},[44,77597,1153],{"class":58},[44,77599,77600,77602,77604,77606,77608,77610],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77601,75901],{"class":50},[44,77603,55],{"class":54},[44,77605,4767],{"class":50},[44,77607,75777],{"class":58},[44,77609,2561],{"class":95},[44,77611,1153],{"class":58},[44,77613,77614],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,77615,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,77617,77618,77620,77622,77624],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,77619,136],{"class":135},[44,77621,120],{"class":58},[44,77623,75924],{"class":116},[44,77625,129],{"class":58},[44,77627,77628,77630,77632,77634],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,77629,136],{"class":135},[44,77631,120],{"class":58},[44,77633,1579],{"class":116},[44,77635,129],{"class":58},[20,77637,2576],{},[35,77639,77641],{"className":37,"code":77640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77642,77643,77655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77644,77645,77647,77649,77651,77653],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77646,896],{"class":58},[44,77648,1559],{"class":95},[44,77650,83],{"class":58},[44,77652,646],{"class":95},[44,77654,1153],{"class":58},[44,77656,77657,77659,77661,77663,77665,77667,77669,77671,77673],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77658,896],{"class":58},[44,77660,1559],{"class":95},[44,77662,83],{"class":58},[44,77664,646],{"class":95},[44,77666,83],{"class":58},[44,77668,1568],{"class":95},[44,77670,83],{"class":58},[44,77672,51081],{"class":95},[44,77674,1153],{"class":58},[20,77676,77677],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[981,77679,77681,77682,9200,77684],{"id":77680},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77683,76303],{},[15,77685,73768],{},[35,77687,77689],{"className":37,"code":77688,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77690,77691,77711,77715,77732,77743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77692,77693,77695,77697,77699,77701,77703,77705,77707,77709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77694,1551],{"class":50},[44,77696,55],{"class":54},[44,77698,1556],{"class":58},[44,77700,1559],{"class":95},[44,77702,83],{"class":58},[44,77704,646],{"class":95},[44,77706,83],{"class":58},[44,77708,1568],{"class":95},[44,77710,1153],{"class":58},[44,77712,77713],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77714,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,77716,77717,77720,77722,77724,77726,77728,77730],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,77718,77719],{"class":50},"reversed_copy ",[44,77721,55],{"class":54},[44,77723,4767],{"class":50},[44,77725,74364],{"class":58},[44,77727,2526],{"class":54},[44,77729,1588],{"class":95},[44,77731,1153],{"class":58},[44,77733,77734,77736,77738,77741],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,77735,136],{"class":135},[44,77737,120],{"class":58},[44,77739,77740],{"class":116},"reversed_copy",[44,77742,129],{"class":58},[44,77744,77745,77747,77749,77751],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,77746,136],{"class":135},[44,77748,120],{"class":58},[44,77750,1579],{"class":116},[44,77752,129],{"class":58},[20,77754,2576],{},[35,77756,77758],{"className":37,"code":77757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77759,77760,77776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77761,77762,77764,77766,77768,77770,77772,77774],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77763,896],{"class":58},[44,77765,37072],{"class":95},[44,77767,83],{"class":58},[44,77769,646],{"class":95},[44,77771,83],{"class":58},[44,77773,632],{"class":95},[44,77775,1153],{"class":58},[44,77777,77778,77780,77782,77784,77786,77788,77790],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77779,896],{"class":58},[44,77781,1559],{"class":95},[44,77783,83],{"class":58},[44,77785,646],{"class":95},[44,77787,83],{"class":58},[44,77789,1568],{"class":95},[44,77791,1153],{"class":58},[20,77793,77794,77797],{},[15,77795,77796],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77799,77800,77801,77804],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77802,77803],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[981,77806,77808],{"id":77807},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77810,77811],{},"This is not allowed:",[35,77813,77815],{"className":37,"code":77814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77816,77817,77837],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77818,77819,77821,77823,77825,77827,77829,77831,77833,77835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77820,1551],{"class":50},[44,77822,55],{"class":54},[44,77824,1556],{"class":58},[44,77826,1559],{"class":95},[44,77828,83],{"class":58},[44,77830,646],{"class":95},[44,77832,83],{"class":58},[44,77834,1568],{"class":95},[44,77836,1153],{"class":58},[44,77838,77839],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77840,77841],{"class":147},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77843,77844,77845,113],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77846,40937],{},[30,77848,77850],{"id":77849},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77852,77853],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[252,77855,77856,77863,77869,77872,77875],{},[255,77857,37435,77858,976,77860,77862],{},[15,77859,36302],{},[15,77861,75668],{}," positions",[255,77864,77865,77866,77868],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77867,75668],{}," index is included",[255,77870,77871],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[255,77873,77874],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[255,77876,77877],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77879,77880],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[35,77882,77884],{"className":37,"code":77883,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77885,77886,77896,77910,77928,77942,77959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77887,77888,77890,77892,77894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77889,136],{"class":135},[44,77891,120],{"class":58},[44,77893,8834],{"class":116},[44,77895,129],{"class":58},[44,77897,77898,77900,77902,77904,77906,77908],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77899,136],{"class":135},[44,77901,120],{"class":58},[44,77903,11641],{"class":135},[44,77905,120],{"class":58},[44,77907,8834],{"class":116},[44,77909,2239],{"class":58},[44,77911,77912,77914,77916,77918,77920,77922,77924,77926],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,77913,136],{"class":135},[44,77915,120],{"class":58},[44,77917,8834],{"class":116},[44,77919,896],{"class":58},[44,77921,1588],{"class":95},[44,77923,72],{"class":58},[44,77925,3008],{"class":95},[44,77927,4391],{"class":58},[44,77929,77930,77932,77934,77936,77938,77940],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,77931,136],{"class":135},[44,77933,120],{"class":58},[44,77935,8834],{"class":116},[44,77937,75777],{"class":58},[44,77939,2567],{"class":95},[44,77941,4391],{"class":58},[44,77943,77944,77946,77948,77950,77952,77954,77956],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,77945,136],{"class":135},[44,77947,120],{"class":58},[44,77949,8834],{"class":116},[44,77951,896],{"class":58},[44,77953,2526],{"class":54},[44,77955,2567],{"class":95},[44,77957,77958],{"class":58},":])\n",[44,77960,77961,77963,77965,77967,77969,77971,77973],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,77962,136],{"class":135},[44,77964,120],{"class":58},[44,77966,8834],{"class":116},[44,77968,74364],{"class":58},[44,77970,2526],{"class":54},[44,77972,1588],{"class":95},[44,77974,4391],{"class":58},[20,77976,1785,77977,77979,77980,77984],{},[15,77978,42595],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[625,77981,77983],{"href":77982},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[30,77986,2301],{"id":2300},[981,77988,77990],{"id":77989},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77992,77993],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[981,77995,77997],{"id":77996},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77999,78000],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[981,78002,5643,78004,40193],{"id":78003},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,78005,76303],{},[20,78007,78008],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[981,78010,78012,78013,2363],{"id":78011},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,78014,70973],{},[20,78016,78017],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[30,78019,2375],{"id":2374},[252,78021,78022,78027,78032,78036,78040,78044],{},[255,78023,78024],{},[625,78025,78026],{"href":51217},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[255,78028,78029],{},[625,78030,78031],{"href":57393},"How to create a list in Python",[255,78033,78034],{},[625,78035,15421],{"href":57459},[255,78037,78038],{},[625,78039,75049],{"href":75048},[255,78041,78042],{},[625,78043,77983],{"href":77982},[255,78045,78046],{},[625,78047,69501],{"href":69500},[20,78049,78050,78051,78053],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,78052,42595],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2414,78055,78056],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":78058},[78059,78060,78061,78062,78063,78064,78067,78071,78079,78080,78088],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":75832,"depth":102,"text":75833},{"id":75995,"depth":102,"text":75996},{"id":76257,"depth":102,"text":76258},{"id":76551,"depth":102,"text":76552},{"id":76797,"depth":102,"text":76798,"children":78065},[78066],{"id":77055,"depth":132,"text":77056},{"id":77109,"depth":102,"text":77110,"children":78068},[78069,78070],{"id":77116,"depth":132,"text":77117},{"id":77177,"depth":132,"text":77178},{"id":77384,"depth":102,"text":15633,"children":78072},[78073,78074,78075,78076,78078],{"id":77413,"depth":132,"text":77414},{"id":77502,"depth":132,"text":77503},{"id":77564,"depth":132,"text":77565},{"id":77680,"depth":132,"text":78077},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77807,"depth":132,"text":77808},{"id":77849,"depth":102,"text":77850},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":78081},[78082,78083,78084,78086],{"id":77989,"depth":132,"text":77990},{"id":77996,"depth":132,"text":77997},{"id":78003,"depth":132,"text":78085},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":78011,"depth":132,"text":78087},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75655,"description":78089},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":78096,"title":78097,"body":78098,"description":80167,"extension":2465,"meta":80168,"navigation":169,"path":80169,"seo":80170,"stem":80171,"__hash__":80172},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78099,"toc":80133},[78100,78105,78111,78117,78119,78166,78173,78178,78182,78197,78200,78253,78255,78280,78285,78287,78319,78322,78338,78340,78401,78403,78428,78432,78437,78490,78492,78517,78522,78583,78585,78610,78613,78620,78624,78627,78688,78690,78723,78726,78787,78789,78822,78828,78901,78903,78935,78942,78947,78952,78954,78966,78969,79047,79049,79090,79093,79167,79169,79202,79207,79214,79221,79225,79234,79238,79246,79248,79315,79317,79353,79358,79369,79371,79376,79381,79383,79446,79448,79473,79480,79485,79489,79492,79532,79537,79543,79548,79550,79577,79582,79585,79632,79634,79691,79698,79703,79709,79778,79782,79785,79848,79850,79883,79888,79890,79893,79974,79976,80000,80006,80008,80013,80017,80024,80032,80036,80038,80061,80065,80067,80094,80097,80104,80107,80109,80130],[10,78101,54581,78103,18],{"id":78102},"python-list-sort-method",[15,78104,64553],{},[20,78106,78107,78110],{},[15,78108,78109],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,78112,78113,78114,78116],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,78115,64553],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[30,78118,2507],{"id":2506},[35,78120,78122],{"className":37,"code":78121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78123,78124,78144,78154],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78125,78126,78128,78130,78132,78134,78136,78138,78140,78142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78127,1551],{"class":50},[44,78129,55],{"class":54},[44,78131,1556],{"class":58},[44,78133,2567],{"class":95},[44,78135,83],{"class":58},[44,78137,1703],{"class":95},[44,78139,83],{"class":58},[44,78141,1717],{"class":95},[44,78143,1153],{"class":58},[44,78145,78146,78148,78150,78152],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78147,1579],{"class":50},[44,78149,113],{"class":58},[44,78151,35027],{"class":116},[44,78153,9138],{"class":58},[44,78155,78156,78158,78160,78162,78164],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,78157,136],{"class":135},[44,78159,120],{"class":58},[44,78161,1579],{"class":116},[44,78163,144],{"class":58},[44,78165,55171],{"class":147},[20,78167,227,78168,78170,78171,113],{},[15,78169,78109],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78172,4282],{},[30,78174,243,78176,246],{"id":78175},"what-listsort-does",[15,78177,78109],{},[20,78179,78180,72],{},[15,78181,78109],{},[252,78183,78184,78187,78190,78194],{},[255,78185,78186],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[255,78188,78189],{},"Changes the original list",[255,78191,11901,78192],{},[15,78193,4282],{},[255,78195,78196],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78198,78199],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[35,78201,78203],{"className":37,"code":78202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78204,78205,78229,78239,78243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78206,78207,78209,78211,78213,78215,78217,78219,78221,78223,78225,78227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78208,1551],{"class":50},[44,78210,55],{"class":54},[44,78212,1556],{"class":58},[44,78214,2643],{"class":95},[44,78216,83],{"class":58},[44,78218,1717],{"class":95},[44,78220,83],{"class":58},[44,78222,54375],{"class":95},[44,78224,83],{"class":58},[44,78226,1703],{"class":95},[44,78228,1153],{"class":58},[44,78230,78231,78233,78235,78237],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78232,1579],{"class":50},[44,78234,113],{"class":58},[44,78236,35027],{"class":116},[44,78238,9138],{"class":58},[44,78240,78241],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,78242,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,78244,78245,78247,78249,78251],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,78246,136],{"class":135},[44,78248,120],{"class":58},[44,78250,1579],{"class":116},[44,78252,129],{"class":58},[20,78254,2576],{},[35,78256,78258],{"className":37,"code":78257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78259,78260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78261,78262,78264,78266,78268,78270,78272,78274,78276,78278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78263,896],{"class":58},[44,78265,1588],{"class":95},[44,78267,83],{"class":58},[44,78269,1717],{"class":95},[44,78271,83],{"class":58},[44,78273,5108],{"class":95},[44,78275,83],{"class":58},[44,78277,54375],{"class":95},[44,78279,1153],{"class":58},[20,78281,78282,78283,113],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[625,78284,67319],{"href":51217},[30,78286,392],{"id":391},[35,78288,78290],{"className":37,"code":78289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78291,78292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78293,78294,78296,78298,78300,78302,78304,78306,78308,78310,78313,78315,78317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78295,8834],{"class":50},[44,78297,113],{"class":58},[44,78299,35027],{"class":116},[44,78301,120],{"class":58},[44,78303,414],{"class":9668},[44,78305,55],{"class":54},[44,78307,4282],{"class":1266},[44,78309,83],{"class":58},[44,78311,78312],{"class":9668}," reverse",[44,78314,55],{"class":54},[44,78316,4178],{"class":1266},[44,78318,129],{"class":58},[20,78320,78321],{},"Main arguments:",[252,78323,78324,78329,78335],{},[255,78325,78326,78328],{},[15,78327,414],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[255,78330,78331,78334],{},[15,78332,78333],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[255,78336,78337],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78339,269],{},[35,78341,78343],{"className":37,"code":78342,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78344,78345,78369,78387,78391],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78346,78347,78349,78351,78353,78355,78357,78359,78361,78363,78365,78367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78348,1551],{"class":50},[44,78350,55],{"class":54},[44,78352,1556],{"class":58},[44,78354,3008],{"class":95},[44,78356,83],{"class":58},[44,78358,1703],{"class":95},[44,78360,83],{"class":58},[44,78362,6495],{"class":95},[44,78364,83],{"class":58},[44,78366,1717],{"class":95},[44,78368,1153],{"class":58},[44,78370,78371,78373,78375,78377,78379,78381,78383,78385],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78372,1579],{"class":50},[44,78374,113],{"class":58},[44,78376,35027],{"class":116},[44,78378,120],{"class":58},[44,78380,73819],{"class":9668},[44,78382,55],{"class":54},[44,78384,4112],{"class":1266},[44,78386,129],{"class":58},[44,78388,78389],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,78390,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,78392,78393,78395,78397,78399],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,78394,136],{"class":135},[44,78396,120],{"class":58},[44,78398,1579],{"class":116},[44,78400,129],{"class":58},[20,78402,2576],{},[35,78404,78406],{"className":37,"code":78405,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78407,78408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78409,78410,78412,78414,78416,78418,78420,78422,78424,78426],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78411,896],{"class":58},[44,78413,2529],{"class":95},[44,78415,83],{"class":58},[44,78417,2961],{"class":95},[44,78419,83],{"class":58},[44,78421,1717],{"class":95},[44,78423,83],{"class":58},[44,78425,1703],{"class":95},[44,78427,1153],{"class":58},[30,78429,78431],{"id":78430},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78433,227,78434,78436],{},[15,78435,64553],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[35,78438,78440],{"className":37,"code":78439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78441,78442,78466,78476,78480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78443,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454,78456,78458,78460,78462,78464],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78445,1551],{"class":50},[44,78447,55],{"class":54},[44,78449,1556],{"class":58},[44,78451,1559],{"class":95},[44,78453,83],{"class":58},[44,78455,2955],{"class":95},[44,78457,83],{"class":58},[44,78459,6861],{"class":95},[44,78461,83],{"class":58},[44,78463,1703],{"class":95},[44,78465,1153],{"class":58},[44,78467,78468,78470,78472,78474],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78469,1579],{"class":50},[44,78471,113],{"class":58},[44,78473,35027],{"class":116},[44,78475,9138],{"class":58},[44,78477,78478],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,78479,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,78481,78482,78484,78486,78488],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,78483,136],{"class":135},[44,78485,120],{"class":58},[44,78487,1579],{"class":116},[44,78489,129],{"class":58},[20,78491,2576],{},[35,78493,78495],{"className":37,"code":78494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78496,78497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78498,78499,78501,78503,78505,78507,78509,78511,78513,78515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78500,896],{"class":58},[44,78502,1588],{"class":95},[44,78504,83],{"class":58},[44,78506,2955],{"class":95},[44,78508,83],{"class":58},[44,78510,6861],{"class":95},[44,78512,83],{"class":58},[44,78514,632],{"class":95},[44,78516,1153],{"class":58},[20,78518,227,78519,78521],{},[15,78520,78333],{}," for descending order:",[35,78523,78525],{"className":37,"code":78524,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78526,78527,78551,78569,78573],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78528,78529,78531,78533,78535,78537,78539,78541,78543,78545,78547,78549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78530,1551],{"class":50},[44,78532,55],{"class":54},[44,78534,1556],{"class":58},[44,78536,1559],{"class":95},[44,78538,83],{"class":58},[44,78540,2955],{"class":95},[44,78542,83],{"class":58},[44,78544,6861],{"class":95},[44,78546,83],{"class":58},[44,78548,1703],{"class":95},[44,78550,1153],{"class":58},[44,78552,78553,78555,78557,78559,78561,78563,78565,78567],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78554,1579],{"class":50},[44,78556,113],{"class":58},[44,78558,35027],{"class":116},[44,78560,120],{"class":58},[44,78562,73819],{"class":9668},[44,78564,55],{"class":54},[44,78566,4112],{"class":1266},[44,78568,129],{"class":58},[44,78570,78571],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,78572,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,78574,78575,78577,78579,78581],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,78576,136],{"class":135},[44,78578,120],{"class":58},[44,78580,1579],{"class":116},[44,78582,129],{"class":58},[20,78584,2576],{},[35,78586,78588],{"className":37,"code":78587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78589,78590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78591,78592,78594,78596,78598,78600,78602,78604,78606,78608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78593,896],{"class":58},[44,78595,1559],{"class":95},[44,78597,83],{"class":58},[44,78599,6861],{"class":95},[44,78601,83],{"class":58},[44,78603,2955],{"class":95},[44,78605,83],{"class":58},[44,78607,1703],{"class":95},[44,78609,1153],{"class":58},[20,78611,78612],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78614,78615,78616,113],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[625,78617,78619],{"href":78618},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[30,78621,78623],{"id":78622},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78625,78626],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[35,78628,78630],{"className":37,"code":78629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78631,78632,78664,78674,78678],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78633,78634,78636,78638,78640,78642,78644,78646,78648,78650,78652,78654,78656,78658,78660,78662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78635,4573],{"class":50},[44,78637,55],{"class":54},[44,78639,1556],{"class":58},[44,78641,63],{"class":62},[44,78643,4591],{"class":66},[44,78645,63],{"class":62},[44,78647,83],{"class":58},[44,78649,75],{"class":62},[44,78651,4582],{"class":66},[44,78653,63],{"class":62},[44,78655,83],{"class":58},[44,78657,75],{"class":62},[44,78659,4600],{"class":66},[44,78661,63],{"class":62},[44,78663,1153],{"class":58},[44,78665,78666,78668,78670,78672],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78667,4617],{"class":50},[44,78669,113],{"class":58},[44,78671,35027],{"class":116},[44,78673,9138],{"class":58},[44,78675,78676],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,78677,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,78679,78680,78682,78684,78686],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,78681,136],{"class":135},[44,78683,120],{"class":58},[44,78685,4617],{"class":116},[44,78687,129],{"class":58},[20,78689,2576],{},[35,78691,78693],{"className":37,"code":78692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78694,78695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78696,78697,78699,78701,78703,78705,78707,78709,78711,78713,78715,78717,78719,78721],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78698,896],{"class":58},[44,78700,2197],{"class":62},[44,78702,4582],{"class":66},[44,78704,2197],{"class":62},[44,78706,83],{"class":58},[44,78708,2232],{"class":62},[44,78710,4591],{"class":66},[44,78712,2197],{"class":62},[44,78714,83],{"class":58},[44,78716,2232],{"class":62},[44,78718,4600],{"class":66},[44,78720,2197],{"class":62},[44,78722,1153],{"class":58},[20,78724,78725],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[35,78727,78729],{"className":37,"code":78728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78730,78731,78763,78773,78777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78732,78733,78735,78737,78739,78741,78743,78745,78747,78749,78751,78753,78755,78757,78759,78761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78734,4573],{"class":50},[44,78736,55],{"class":54},[44,78738,1556],{"class":58},[44,78740,63],{"class":62},[44,78742,4591],{"class":66},[44,78744,63],{"class":62},[44,78746,83],{"class":58},[44,78748,75],{"class":62},[44,78750,58008],{"class":66},[44,78752,63],{"class":62},[44,78754,83],{"class":58},[44,78756,75],{"class":62},[44,78758,4600],{"class":66},[44,78760,63],{"class":62},[44,78762,1153],{"class":58},[44,78764,78765,78767,78769,78771],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78766,4617],{"class":50},[44,78768,113],{"class":58},[44,78770,35027],{"class":116},[44,78772,9138],{"class":58},[44,78774,78775],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,78776,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,78778,78779,78781,78783,78785],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,78780,136],{"class":135},[44,78782,120],{"class":58},[44,78784,4617],{"class":116},[44,78786,129],{"class":58},[20,78788,2576],{},[35,78790,78792],{"className":37,"code":78791,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78793,78794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78795,78796,78798,78800,78802,78804,78806,78808,78810,78812,78814,78816,78818,78820],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78797,896],{"class":58},[44,78799,2197],{"class":62},[44,78801,58008],{"class":66},[44,78803,2197],{"class":62},[44,78805,83],{"class":58},[44,78807,2232],{"class":62},[44,78809,4591],{"class":66},[44,78811,2197],{"class":62},[44,78813,83],{"class":58},[44,78815,2232],{"class":62},[44,78817,4600],{"class":66},[44,78819,2197],{"class":62},[44,78821,1153],{"class":58},[20,78823,78824,78825,72],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78826,78827],{},"key=str.lower",[35,78829,78831],{"className":37,"code":78830,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78832,78833,78865,78887,78891],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78834,78835,78837,78839,78841,78843,78845,78847,78849,78851,78853,78855,78857,78859,78861,78863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78836,4573],{"class":50},[44,78838,55],{"class":54},[44,78840,1556],{"class":58},[44,78842,63],{"class":62},[44,78844,4591],{"class":66},[44,78846,63],{"class":62},[44,78848,83],{"class":58},[44,78850,75],{"class":62},[44,78852,58008],{"class":66},[44,78854,63],{"class":62},[44,78856,83],{"class":58},[44,78858,75],{"class":62},[44,78860,4600],{"class":66},[44,78862,63],{"class":62},[44,78864,1153],{"class":58},[44,78866,78867,78869,78871,78873,78875,78877,78879,78881,78883,78885],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78868,4617],{"class":50},[44,78870,113],{"class":58},[44,78872,35027],{"class":116},[44,78874,120],{"class":58},[44,78876,414],{"class":9668},[44,78878,55],{"class":54},[44,78880,3950],{"class":2248},[44,78882,113],{"class":58},[44,78884,9135],{"class":25189},[44,78886,129],{"class":58},[44,78888,78889],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,78890,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,78892,78893,78895,78897,78899],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,78894,136],{"class":135},[44,78896,120],{"class":58},[44,78898,4617],{"class":116},[44,78900,129],{"class":58},[20,78902,2576],{},[35,78904,78905],{"className":37,"code":78791,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,78906,78907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78908,78909,78911,78913,78915,78917,78919,78921,78923,78925,78927,78929,78931,78933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78910,896],{"class":58},[44,78912,2197],{"class":62},[44,78914,58008],{"class":66},[44,78916,2197],{"class":62},[44,78918,83],{"class":58},[44,78920,2232],{"class":62},[44,78922,4591],{"class":66},[44,78924,2197],{"class":62},[44,78926,83],{"class":58},[44,78928,2232],{"class":62},[44,78930,4600],{"class":66},[44,78932,2197],{"class":62},[44,78934,1153],{"class":58},[20,78936,78937,78938,78941],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78939,78940],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[30,78943,36843,78945,36846],{"id":78944},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78946,414],{},[20,78948,2482,78949,78951],{},[15,78950,414],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78953,7839],{},[252,78955,78956,78961],{},[255,78957,78958,78960],{},[15,78959,11641],{}," to sort by length",[255,78962,78963,78965],{},[15,78964,78940],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78967,78968],{},"Sort words by length:",[35,78970,78972],{"className":37,"code":78971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78973,78974,79015,79033,79037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78975,78976,78978,78980,78982,78984,78987,78989,78991,78993,78995,78997,78999,79001,79003,79005,79007,79009,79011,79013],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78977,4573],{"class":50},[44,78979,55],{"class":54},[44,78981,1556],{"class":58},[44,78983,63],{"class":62},[44,78985,78986],{"class":66},"pear",[44,78988,63],{"class":62},[44,78990,83],{"class":58},[44,78992,75],{"class":62},[44,78994,4591],{"class":66},[44,78996,63],{"class":62},[44,78998,83],{"class":58},[44,79000,75],{"class":62},[44,79002,38590],{"class":66},[44,79004,63],{"class":62},[44,79006,83],{"class":58},[44,79008,75],{"class":62},[44,79010,4582],{"class":66},[44,79012,63],{"class":62},[44,79014,1153],{"class":58},[44,79016,79017,79019,79021,79023,79025,79027,79029,79031],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79018,4617],{"class":50},[44,79020,113],{"class":58},[44,79022,35027],{"class":116},[44,79024,120],{"class":58},[44,79026,414],{"class":9668},[44,79028,55],{"class":54},[44,79030,11641],{"class":135},[44,79032,129],{"class":58},[44,79034,79035],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,79036,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,79038,79039,79041,79043,79045],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,79040,136],{"class":135},[44,79042,120],{"class":58},[44,79044,4617],{"class":116},[44,79046,129],{"class":58},[20,79048,2576],{},[35,79050,79052],{"className":37,"code":79051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,79053,79054],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79055,79056,79058,79060,79062,79064,79066,79068,79070,79072,79074,79076,79078,79080,79082,79084,79086,79088],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79057,896],{"class":58},[44,79059,2197],{"class":62},[44,79061,38590],{"class":66},[44,79063,2197],{"class":62},[44,79065,83],{"class":58},[44,79067,2232],{"class":62},[44,79069,78986],{"class":66},[44,79071,2197],{"class":62},[44,79073,83],{"class":58},[44,79075,2232],{"class":62},[44,79077,4582],{"class":66},[44,79079,2197],{"class":62},[44,79081,83],{"class":58},[44,79083,2232],{"class":62},[44,79085,4591],{"class":66},[44,79087,2197],{"class":62},[44,79089,1153],{"class":58},[20,79091,79092],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[35,79094,79096],{"className":37,"code":79095,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79097,79098,79131,79153,79157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79099,79100,79102,79104,79106,79108,79110,79112,79114,79116,79118,79120,79122,79124,79127,79129],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79101,4573],{"class":50},[44,79103,55],{"class":54},[44,79105,1556],{"class":58},[44,79107,63],{"class":62},[44,79109,5514],{"class":66},[44,79111,63],{"class":62},[44,79113,83],{"class":58},[44,79115,75],{"class":62},[44,79117,18255],{"class":66},[44,79119,63],{"class":62},[44,79121,83],{"class":58},[44,79123,75],{"class":62},[44,79125,79126],{"class":66},"Carol",[44,79128,63],{"class":62},[44,79130,1153],{"class":58},[44,79132,79133,79135,79137,79139,79141,79143,79145,79147,79149,79151],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79134,4617],{"class":50},[44,79136,113],{"class":58},[44,79138,35027],{"class":116},[44,79140,120],{"class":58},[44,79142,414],{"class":9668},[44,79144,55],{"class":54},[44,79146,3950],{"class":2248},[44,79148,113],{"class":58},[44,79150,9135],{"class":25189},[44,79152,129],{"class":58},[44,79154,79155],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,79156,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,79158,79159,79161,79163,79165],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,79160,136],{"class":135},[44,79162,120],{"class":58},[44,79164,4617],{"class":116},[44,79166,129],{"class":58},[20,79168,2576],{},[35,79170,79172],{"className":37,"code":79171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79173,79174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79175,79176,79178,79180,79182,79184,79186,79188,79190,79192,79194,79196,79198,79200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79177,896],{"class":58},[44,79179,2197],{"class":62},[44,79181,18255],{"class":66},[44,79183,2197],{"class":62},[44,79185,83],{"class":58},[44,79187,2232],{"class":62},[44,79189,5514],{"class":66},[44,79191,2197],{"class":62},[44,79193,83],{"class":58},[44,79195,2232],{"class":62},[44,79197,79126],{"class":66},[44,79199,2197],{"class":62},[44,79201,1153],{"class":58},[20,79203,2482,79204,79206],{},[15,79205,414],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[30,79208,79210,967,79212],{"id":79209},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79211,78109],{},[15,79213,74666],{},[20,79215,79216,976,79218,79220],{},[15,79217,78109],{},[15,79219,74666],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79222,79223,72],{},[15,79224,78109],{},[252,79226,79227,79230],{},[255,79228,79229],{},"Changes the existing list",[255,79231,11901,79232],{},[15,79233,4282],{},[20,79235,79236,72],{},[15,79237,74666],{},[252,79239,79240,79243],{},[255,79241,79242],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[255,79244,79245],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79247,269],{},[35,79249,79251],{"className":37,"code":79250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79252,79253,79273,79277,79291,79295,79305],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79254,79255,79257,79259,79261,79263,79265,79267,79269,79271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79256,1551],{"class":50},[44,79258,55],{"class":54},[44,79260,1556],{"class":58},[44,79262,2567],{"class":95},[44,79264,83],{"class":58},[44,79266,1703],{"class":95},[44,79268,83],{"class":58},[44,79270,1717],{"class":95},[44,79272,1153],{"class":58},[44,79274,79275],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79276,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,79278,79279,79281,79283,79285,79287,79289],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,79280,56129],{"class":50},[44,79282,55],{"class":54},[44,79284,74800],{"class":135},[44,79286,120],{"class":58},[44,79288,1579],{"class":116},[44,79290,129],{"class":58},[44,79292,79293],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,79294,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,79296,79297,79299,79301,79303],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,79298,136],{"class":135},[44,79300,120],{"class":58},[44,79302,1579],{"class":116},[44,79304,129],{"class":58},[44,79306,79307,79309,79311,79313],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,79308,136],{"class":135},[44,79310,120],{"class":58},[44,79312,74523],{"class":116},[44,79314,129],{"class":58},[20,79316,2576],{},[35,79318,79319],{"className":37,"code":74835,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,79320,79321,79337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79322,79323,79325,79327,79329,79331,79333,79335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79324,896],{"class":58},[44,79326,2567],{"class":95},[44,79328,83],{"class":58},[44,79330,1703],{"class":95},[44,79332,83],{"class":58},[44,79334,1717],{"class":95},[44,79336,1153],{"class":58},[44,79338,79339,79341,79343,79345,79347,79349,79351],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79340,896],{"class":58},[44,79342,1588],{"class":95},[44,79344,83],{"class":58},[44,79346,1717],{"class":95},[44,79348,83],{"class":58},[44,79350,2955],{"class":95},[44,79352,1153],{"class":58},[20,79354,227,79355,79357],{},[15,79356,74666],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79359,79360,79361,976,79365,113],{},"You can learn more in ",[625,79362,4083,79363,6284],{"href":74763},[15,79364,74666],{},[625,79366,79368],{"href":79367},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[30,79370,3335],{"id":3334},[20,79372,79373,79374,113],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79375,78109],{},[981,79377,13063,79379],{"id":79378},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79380,64553],{},[20,79382,26127],{},[35,79384,79386],{"className":37,"code":79385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79387,79388,79408,79422,79426,79436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79389,79390,79392,79394,79396,79398,79400,79402,79404,79406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79391,1551],{"class":50},[44,79393,55],{"class":54},[44,79395,1556],{"class":58},[44,79397,2567],{"class":95},[44,79399,83],{"class":58},[44,79401,1703],{"class":95},[44,79403,83],{"class":58},[44,79405,1717],{"class":95},[44,79407,1153],{"class":58},[44,79409,79410,79412,79414,79416,79418,79420],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79411,1953],{"class":50},[44,79413,55],{"class":54},[44,79415,4767],{"class":50},[44,79417,113],{"class":58},[44,79419,35027],{"class":116},[44,79421,9138],{"class":58},[44,79423,79424],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,79425,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,79427,79428,79430,79432,79434],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,79429,136],{"class":135},[44,79431,120],{"class":58},[44,79433,1984],{"class":116},[44,79435,129],{"class":58},[44,79437,79438,79440,79442,79444],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,79439,136],{"class":135},[44,79441,120],{"class":58},[44,79443,1579],{"class":116},[44,79445,129],{"class":58},[20,79447,2576],{},[35,79449,79451],{"className":37,"code":79450,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79452,79453,79457],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79454,79455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79456,12280],{"class":1266},[44,79458,79459,79461,79463,79465,79467,79469,79471],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79460,896],{"class":58},[44,79462,1588],{"class":95},[44,79464,83],{"class":58},[44,79466,1717],{"class":95},[44,79468,83],{"class":58},[44,79470,2955],{"class":95},[44,79472,1153],{"class":58},[20,79474,79475,79477,79478,113],{},[15,79476,64553],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79479,4282],{},[20,79481,79482,79483,765],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79484,74666],{},[981,79486,79488],{"id":79487},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79490,79491],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[35,79493,79495],{"className":37,"code":79494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79496,79497,79522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79498,79499,79501,79503,79505,79507,79509,79511,79514,79516,79518,79520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79500,8276],{"class":50},[44,79502,55],{"class":54},[44,79504,1556],{"class":58},[44,79506,1588],{"class":95},[44,79508,83],{"class":58},[44,79510,75],{"class":62},[44,79512,79513],{"class":66},"two",[44,79515,63],{"class":62},[44,79517,83],{"class":58},[44,79519,2955],{"class":95},[44,79521,1153],{"class":58},[44,79523,79524,79526,79528,79530],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79525,8305],{"class":50},[44,79527,113],{"class":58},[44,79529,35027],{"class":116},[44,79531,9138],{"class":58},[20,79533,3508,79534,79536],{},[15,79535,3511],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[981,79538,1675,79540,79542],{"id":79539},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79541,64553],{}," only works on lists",[20,79544,79545,79547],{},[15,79546,64553],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79549,17098],{},[35,79551,79553],{"className":37,"code":79552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79554,79555,79567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79556,79557,79559,79561,79563,79565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79558,34915],{"class":50},[44,79560,55],{"class":54},[44,79562,75],{"class":62},[44,79564,39],{"class":66},[44,79566,3865],{"class":62},[44,79568,79569,79571,79573,79575],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79570,34936],{"class":50},[44,79572,113],{"class":58},[44,79574,35027],{"class":116},[44,79576,9138],{"class":58},[20,79578,79579,79580,33827],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79581,64553],{},[20,79583,79584],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[35,79586,79588],{"className":37,"code":79587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79589,79590,79608,79618,79622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79591,79592,79594,79596,79598,79600,79602,79604,79606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79593,36320],{"class":50},[44,79595,55],{"class":54},[44,79597,22998],{"class":2248},[44,79599,120],{"class":58},[44,79601,63],{"class":62},[44,79603,39],{"class":66},[44,79605,63],{"class":62},[44,79607,129],{"class":58},[44,79609,79610,79612,79614,79616],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79611,36373],{"class":50},[44,79613,113],{"class":58},[44,79615,35027],{"class":116},[44,79617,9138],{"class":58},[44,79619,79620],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,79621,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,79623,79624,79626,79628,79630],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,79625,136],{"class":135},[44,79627,120],{"class":58},[44,79629,36373],{"class":116},[44,79631,129],{"class":58},[20,79633,2576],{},[35,79635,79637],{"className":37,"code":79636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79638,79639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79640,79641,79643,79645,79647,79649,79651,79653,79655,79657,79659,79661,79663,79665,79667,79669,79671,79673,79675,79677,79679,79681,79683,79685,79687,79689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79642,896],{"class":58},[44,79644,2197],{"class":62},[44,79646,60679],{"class":66},[44,79648,2197],{"class":62},[44,79650,83],{"class":58},[44,79652,2232],{"class":62},[44,79654,76272],{"class":66},[44,79656,2197],{"class":62},[44,79658,83],{"class":58},[44,79660,2232],{"class":62},[44,79662,60714],{"class":66},[44,79664,2197],{"class":62},[44,79666,83],{"class":58},[44,79668,2232],{"class":62},[44,79670,20],{"class":66},[44,79672,2197],{"class":62},[44,79674,83],{"class":58},[44,79676,2232],{"class":62},[44,79678,63528],{"class":66},[44,79680,2197],{"class":62},[44,79682,83],{"class":58},[44,79684,2232],{"class":62},[44,79686,1710],{"class":66},[44,79688,2197],{"class":62},[44,79690,1153],{"class":58},[981,79692,79694,79695,79697],{"id":79693},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79696,414],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79699,79700,79701,113],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79702,414],{},[20,79704,79705,79706,79708],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79707,64553],{}," will not do that:",[35,79710,79712],{"className":37,"code":79711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79713,79714,79746,79764,79768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79715,79716,79718,79720,79722,79724,79726,79728,79730,79732,79734,79736,79738,79740,79742,79744],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79717,4573],{"class":50},[44,79719,55],{"class":54},[44,79721,1556],{"class":58},[44,79723,63],{"class":62},[44,79725,4591],{"class":66},[44,79727,63],{"class":62},[44,79729,83],{"class":58},[44,79731,75],{"class":62},[44,79733,38590],{"class":66},[44,79735,63],{"class":62},[44,79737,83],{"class":58},[44,79739,75],{"class":62},[44,79741,4582],{"class":66},[44,79743,63],{"class":62},[44,79745,1153],{"class":58},[44,79747,79748,79750,79752,79754,79756,79758,79760,79762],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79749,4617],{"class":50},[44,79751,113],{"class":58},[44,79753,35027],{"class":116},[44,79755,120],{"class":58},[44,79757,414],{"class":9668},[44,79759,55],{"class":54},[44,79761,11641],{"class":135},[44,79763,129],{"class":58},[44,79765,79766],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,79767,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,79769,79770,79772,79774,79776],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,79771,136],{"class":135},[44,79773,120],{"class":58},[44,79775,4617],{"class":116},[44,79777,129],{"class":58},[981,79779,79781],{"id":79780},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79783,79784],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[35,79786,79788],{"className":37,"code":79787,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79789,79790,79824,79834,79838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79791,79792,79794,79796,79798,79800,79803,79805,79807,79809,79811,79813,79815,79817,79820,79822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79793,4573],{"class":50},[44,79795,55],{"class":54},[44,79797,1556],{"class":58},[44,79799,63],{"class":62},[44,79801,79802],{"class":66},"zebra",[44,79804,63],{"class":62},[44,79806,83],{"class":58},[44,79808,75],{"class":62},[44,79810,58008],{"class":66},[44,79812,63],{"class":62},[44,79814,83],{"class":58},[44,79816,75],{"class":62},[44,79818,79819],{"class":66},"monkey",[44,79821,63],{"class":62},[44,79823,1153],{"class":58},[44,79825,79826,79828,79830,79832],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79827,4617],{"class":50},[44,79829,113],{"class":58},[44,79831,35027],{"class":116},[44,79833,9138],{"class":58},[44,79835,79836],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,79837,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,79839,79840,79842,79844,79846],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,79841,136],{"class":135},[44,79843,120],{"class":58},[44,79845,4617],{"class":116},[44,79847,129],{"class":58},[20,79849,2576],{},[35,79851,79853],{"className":37,"code":79852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79854,79855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79856,79857,79859,79861,79863,79865,79867,79869,79871,79873,79875,79877,79879,79881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79858,896],{"class":58},[44,79860,2197],{"class":62},[44,79862,58008],{"class":66},[44,79864,2197],{"class":62},[44,79866,83],{"class":58},[44,79868,2232],{"class":62},[44,79870,79819],{"class":66},[44,79872,2197],{"class":62},[44,79874,83],{"class":58},[44,79876,2232],{"class":62},[44,79878,79802],{"class":66},[44,79880,2197],{"class":62},[44,79882,1153],{"class":58},[20,79884,227,79885,79887],{},[15,79886,78827],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[981,79889,60951],{"id":60950},[20,79891,79892],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[35,79894,79896],{"className":37,"code":79895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79897,79898,79908,79922,79936,79950],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79899,79900,79902,79904,79906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79901,136],{"class":135},[44,79903,120],{"class":58},[44,79905,8834],{"class":116},[44,79907,129],{"class":58},[44,79909,79910,79912,79914,79916,79918,79920],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79911,136],{"class":135},[44,79913,120],{"class":58},[44,79915,2249],{"class":2248},[44,79917,120],{"class":58},[44,79919,8834],{"class":116},[44,79921,2239],{"class":58},[44,79923,79924,79926,79928,79930,79932,79934],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,79925,136],{"class":135},[44,79927,120],{"class":58},[44,79929,8834],{"class":116},[44,79931,113],{"class":58},[44,79933,35027],{"class":116},[44,79935,2188],{"class":58},[44,79937,79938,79940,79942,79944,79946,79948],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,79939,136],{"class":135},[44,79941,120],{"class":58},[44,79943,74756],{"class":135},[44,79945,120],{"class":58},[44,79947,8834],{"class":116},[44,79949,2239],{"class":58},[44,79951,79952,79954,79956,79958,79960,79962,79964,79966,79968,79970,79972],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,79953,136],{"class":135},[44,79955,3492],{"class":58},[44,79957,2249],{"class":2248},[44,79959,120],{"class":58},[44,79961,23749],{"class":116},[44,79963,144],{"class":58},[44,79965,4379],{"class":1140},[44,79967,6462],{"class":116},[44,79969,4385],{"class":1140},[44,79971,8891],{"class":116},[44,79973,4391],{"class":58},[20,79975,11650],{},[252,79977,79978,79981,79984,79991,79997],{},[255,79979,79980],{},"What values are in the list",[255,79982,79983],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[255,79985,79986,79987,2901,79989],{},"That ",[15,79988,64553],{},[15,79990,4282],{},[255,79992,79993,79994,79996],{},"Whether ",[15,79995,74666],{}," works better for your case",[255,79998,79999],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,80001,80002,80003,80005],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,80004,3511],{}," problems.",[30,80007,2301],{"id":2300},[981,80009,2329,80011,55708],{"id":80010},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,80012,78109],{},[20,80014,62844,80015,113],{},[15,80016,4282],{},[981,80018,2358,80020,976,80022,2363],{"id":80019},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,80021,64553],{},[15,80023,74666],{},[20,80025,80026,80028,80029,80031],{},[15,80027,64553],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,80030,74666],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[981,80033,80035],{"id":80034},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,80037,19144],{},[35,80039,80041],{"className":37,"code":80040,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,80042,80043],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80044,80045,80047,80049,80051,80053,80055,80057,80059],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80046,8834],{"class":50},[44,80048,113],{"class":58},[44,80050,35027],{"class":116},[44,80052,120],{"class":58},[44,80054,73819],{"class":9668},[44,80056,55],{"class":54},[44,80058,4112],{"class":1266},[44,80060,129],{"class":58},[981,80062,80064],{"id":80063},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,80066,19144],{},[35,80068,80070],{"className":37,"code":80069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,80071,80072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80073,80074,80076,80078,80080,80082,80084,80086,80088,80090,80092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80075,8834],{"class":50},[44,80077,113],{"class":58},[44,80079,35027],{"class":116},[44,80081,120],{"class":58},[44,80083,414],{"class":9668},[44,80085,55],{"class":54},[44,80087,3950],{"class":2248},[44,80089,113],{"class":58},[44,80091,9135],{"class":25189},[44,80093,129],{"class":58},[20,80095,80096],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[981,80098,80100,80101,80103],{"id":80099},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,80102,3511],{}," when sorting?",[20,80105,80106],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[30,80108,2375],{"id":2374},[252,80110,80111,80116,80122,80126],{},[255,80112,80113],{},[625,80114,80115],{"href":78618},"How to sort a list in Python",[255,80117,80118],{},[625,80119,4083,80120,6284],{"href":74763},[15,80121,74666],{},[255,80123,80124],{},[625,80125,67319],{"href":51217},[255,80127,80128],{},[625,80129,79368],{"href":79367},[2414,80131,80132],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":80134},[80135,80136,80138,80139,80140,80141,80143,80145,80156,80166],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":78175,"depth":102,"text":80137},"What list.sort() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":78430,"depth":102,"text":78431},{"id":78622,"depth":102,"text":78623},{"id":78944,"depth":102,"text":80142},"Using the key argument",{"id":79209,"depth":102,"text":80144},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":80146},[80147,80149,80150,80152,80154,80155],{"id":79378,"depth":132,"text":80148},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79487,"depth":132,"text":79488},{"id":79539,"depth":132,"text":80151},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79693,"depth":132,"text":80153},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79780,"depth":132,"text":79781},{"id":60950,"depth":132,"text":60951},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":80157},[80158,80160,80162,80163,80164],{"id":80010,"depth":132,"text":80159},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":80019,"depth":132,"text":80161},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":80034,"depth":132,"text":80035},{"id":80063,"depth":132,"text":80064},{"id":80099,"depth":132,"text":80165},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":78097,"description":80167},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80174,"title":80175,"body":80176,"description":82807,"extension":2465,"meta":82808,"navigation":169,"path":82809,"seo":82810,"stem":82811,"__hash__":82812},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80177,"toc":82766},[80178,80183,80188,80191,80202,80205,80225,80227,80289,80291,80332,80341,80346,80351,80357,80368,80370,80389,80392,80397,80402,80404,80409,80423,80425,80443,80446,80463,80466,80472,80495,80500,80502,80505,80566,80568,80601,80603,80642,80650,80660,80666,80671,80764,80766,80790,80792,80810,80813,80844,80850,80855,80858,80860,80985,80987,81011,81013,81032,81038,81044,81163,81165,81182,81189,81195,81200,81207,81213,81215,81272,81275,81296,81299,81302,81363,81365,81398,81402,81472,81474,81491,81495,81498,81573,81575,81612,81615,81618,81689,81691,81752,81757,81762,81765,81779,81781,81854,81856,81876,81879,81882,81939,82001,82004,82036,82039,82054,82059,82061,82067,82070,82126,82129,82131,82150,82154,82156,82200,82209,82211,82271,82275,82278,82280,82373,82375,82490,82494,82496,82570,82573,82576,82578,82583,82648,82650,82674,82684,82686,82692,82701,82710,82719,82725,82728,82732,82735,82737,82763],[10,80179,4083,80181,4087],{"id":80180},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80182,39949],{},[20,80184,4090,80185,80187],{},[15,80186,39949],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80189,80190],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[252,80192,80193,80196,80199],{},[255,80194,80195],{},"converting numbers to strings",[255,80197,80198],{},"changing strings to integers",[255,80200,80201],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80203,80204],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[252,80206,80207,80214,80220],{},[255,80208,80209,588,80211,80213],{},[15,80210,39949],{},[590,80212,592],{}," return a list in Python 3",[255,80215,80216,80217],{},"it returns a ",[590,80218,80219],{},"map object",[255,80221,80222,80223],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80224,25220],{},[30,80226,2507],{"id":2506},[35,80228,80230],{"className":37,"code":80229,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80231,80232,80256,80275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80233,80234,80236,80238,80240,80242,80244,80246,80248,80250,80252,80254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80235,1551],{"class":50},[44,80237,55],{"class":54},[44,80239,1556],{"class":58},[44,80241,1588],{"class":95},[44,80243,83],{"class":58},[44,80245,1717],{"class":95},[44,80247,83],{"class":58},[44,80249,2955],{"class":95},[44,80251,83],{"class":58},[44,80253,2961],{"class":95},[44,80255,1153],{"class":58},[44,80257,80258,80260,80262,80265,80267,80269,80271,80273],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80259,1953],{"class":50},[44,80261,55],{"class":54},[44,80263,80264],{"class":135}," map",[44,80266,120],{"class":58},[44,80268,3950],{"class":2248},[44,80270,83],{"class":58},[44,80272,4767],{"class":116},[44,80274,129],{"class":58},[44,80276,80277,80279,80281,80283,80285,80287],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,80278,136],{"class":135},[44,80280,120],{"class":58},[44,80282,8588],{"class":2248},[44,80284,120],{"class":58},[44,80286,1984],{"class":116},[44,80288,2239],{"class":58},[20,80290,2576],{},[35,80292,80294],{"className":37,"code":80293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80295,80296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80297,80298,80300,80302,80304,80306,80308,80310,80312,80314,80316,80318,80320,80322,80324,80326,80328,80330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80299,896],{"class":58},[44,80301,2197],{"class":62},[44,80303,1588],{"class":66},[44,80305,2197],{"class":62},[44,80307,83],{"class":58},[44,80309,2232],{"class":62},[44,80311,2561],{"class":66},[44,80313,2197],{"class":62},[44,80315,83],{"class":58},[44,80317,2232],{"class":62},[44,80319,2567],{"class":66},[44,80321,2197],{"class":62},[44,80323,83],{"class":58},[44,80325,2232],{"class":62},[44,80327,3008],{"class":66},[44,80329,2197],{"class":62},[44,80331,1153],{"class":58},[20,80333,227,80334,80337,80338,80340],{},[15,80335,80336],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80339,25220],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[30,80342,243,80344,246],{"id":80343},"what-map-does",[15,80345,39949],{},[20,80347,80348,80350],{},[15,80349,39949],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80352,80353,80354,80356],{},"An ",[590,80355,4224],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[252,80358,80359,80361,80363,80365],{},[255,80360,38133],{},[255,80362,38136],{},[255,80364,38139],{},[255,80366,80367],{},"a range object",[20,80369,30950],{},[35,80371,80373],{"className":37,"code":80372,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80374,80375],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80376,80377,80379,80381,80383,80385,80387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80378,40092],{"class":135},[44,80380,120],{"class":58},[44,80382,38092],{"class":116},[44,80384,83],{"class":58},[44,80386,38097],{"class":116},[44,80388,129],{"class":58},[20,80390,80391],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80393,80394,80395,33968],{},"Important: the result is a ",[590,80396,80219],{},[20,80398,80399,80400,113],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[625,80401,5637],{"href":5636},[30,80403,392],{"id":391},[20,80405,80406,80408],{},[15,80407,39949],{}," needs at least two parts:",[252,80410,80411,80417],{},[255,80412,80413,80416],{},[590,80414,80415],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[255,80418,80419,80422],{},[590,80420,80421],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80424,4209],{},[35,80426,80427],{"className":37,"code":80372,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,80428,80429],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80430,80431,80433,80435,80437,80439,80441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80432,40092],{"class":135},[44,80434,120],{"class":58},[44,80436,38092],{"class":116},[44,80438,83],{"class":58},[44,80440,38097],{"class":116},[44,80442,129],{"class":58},[20,80444,80445],{},"You can pass:",[252,80447,80448,80457,80460],{},[255,80449,80450,80451,2695,80453,2699,80455],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80452,3950],{},[15,80454,2694],{},[15,80456,2521],{},[255,80458,80459],{},"your own custom function",[255,80461,80462],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80464,80465],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80467,80468,80469,80471],{},"You will often see ",[15,80470,39949],{}," used like this:",[35,80473,80475],{"className":37,"code":80474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80476,80477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80478,80479,80481,80483,80485,80487,80489,80491,80493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80480,8588],{"class":2248},[44,80482,120],{"class":58},[44,80484,40092],{"class":135},[44,80486,120],{"class":58},[44,80488,38092],{"class":116},[44,80490,83],{"class":58},[44,80492,4388],{"class":116},[44,80494,2239],{"class":58},[20,80496,7174,80497,80499],{},[15,80498,25220],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[30,80501,11952],{"id":11951},[20,80503,80504],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[35,80506,80508],{"className":37,"code":80507,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80509,80510,80530,80548,80552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80511,80512,80514,80516,80518,80520,80522,80524,80526,80528],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80513,1551],{"class":50},[44,80515,55],{"class":54},[44,80517,1556],{"class":58},[44,80519,1559],{"class":95},[44,80521,83],{"class":58},[44,80523,646],{"class":95},[44,80525,83],{"class":58},[44,80527,1568],{"class":95},[44,80529,1153],{"class":58},[44,80531,80532,80534,80536,80538,80540,80542,80544,80546],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80533,1953],{"class":50},[44,80535,55],{"class":54},[44,80537,80264],{"class":135},[44,80539,120],{"class":58},[44,80541,3950],{"class":2248},[44,80543,83],{"class":58},[44,80545,4767],{"class":116},[44,80547,129],{"class":58},[44,80549,80550],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,80551,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,80553,80554,80556,80558,80560,80562,80564],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,80555,136],{"class":135},[44,80557,120],{"class":58},[44,80559,8588],{"class":2248},[44,80561,120],{"class":58},[44,80563,1984],{"class":116},[44,80565,2239],{"class":58},[20,80567,2576],{},[35,80569,80571],{"className":37,"code":80570,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80572,80573],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80574,80575,80577,80579,80581,80583,80585,80587,80589,80591,80593,80595,80597,80599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80576,896],{"class":58},[44,80578,2197],{"class":62},[44,80580,1559],{"class":66},[44,80582,2197],{"class":62},[44,80584,83],{"class":58},[44,80586,2232],{"class":62},[44,80588,16210],{"class":66},[44,80590,2197],{"class":62},[44,80592,83],{"class":58},[44,80594,2232],{"class":62},[44,80596,37072],{"class":66},[44,80598,2197],{"class":62},[44,80600,1153],{"class":58},[20,80602,12158],{},[252,80604,80605,80610,80618,80626,80634],{},[255,80606,80607,80609],{},[15,80608,1579],{}," contains integers",[255,80611,80612,80615,80616],{},[15,80613,80614],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80617,47920],{},[255,80619,80620,42389,80623],{},[15,80621,80622],{},"str(10)",[15,80624,80625],{},"'10'",[255,80627,80628,42389,80631],{},[15,80629,80630],{},"str(20)",[15,80632,80633],{},"'20'",[255,80635,80636,42389,80639],{},[15,80637,80638],{},"str(30)",[15,80640,80641],{},"'30'",[20,80643,53892,80644,80646,80647,80649],{},[15,80645,39949],{}," applies ",[15,80648,47920],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80651,80652,80653,80655,80656,113],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80654,25220],{}," better, see ",[625,80657,4083,80658,4016],{"href":65089},[15,80659,25220],{},[30,80661,1785,80663,80665],{"id":80662},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80664,39949],{}," with your own function",[20,80667,16170,80668,80670],{},[15,80669,39949],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[35,80672,80674],{"className":37,"code":80673,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80675,80676,80689,80699,80703,80727,80746,80750],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80677,80678,80680,80683,80685,80687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80679,35079],{"class":2570},[44,80681,80682],{"class":35082}," double",[44,80684,120],{"class":58},[44,80686,1696],{"class":37894},[44,80688,8837],{"class":58},[44,80690,80691,80693,80695,80697],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80692,35090],{"class":1140},[44,80694,4382],{"class":50},[44,80696,40105],{"class":54},[44,80698,45825],{"class":95},[44,80700,80701],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,80702,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,80704,80705,80707,80709,80711,80713,80715,80717,80719,80721,80723,80725],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,80706,1551],{"class":50},[44,80708,55],{"class":54},[44,80710,1556],{"class":58},[44,80712,1588],{"class":95},[44,80714,83],{"class":58},[44,80716,1717],{"class":95},[44,80718,83],{"class":58},[44,80720,2955],{"class":95},[44,80722,83],{"class":58},[44,80724,2961],{"class":95},[44,80726,1153],{"class":58},[44,80728,80729,80731,80733,80735,80737,80740,80742,80744],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,80730,1953],{"class":50},[44,80732,55],{"class":54},[44,80734,80264],{"class":135},[44,80736,120],{"class":58},[44,80738,80739],{"class":116},"double",[44,80741,83],{"class":58},[44,80743,4767],{"class":116},[44,80745,129],{"class":58},[44,80747,80748],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,80749,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,80751,80752,80754,80756,80758,80760,80762],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,80753,136],{"class":135},[44,80755,120],{"class":58},[44,80757,8588],{"class":2248},[44,80759,120],{"class":58},[44,80761,1984],{"class":116},[44,80763,2239],{"class":58},[20,80765,2576],{},[35,80767,80768],{"className":37,"code":40118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,80769,80770],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80771,80772,80774,80776,80778,80780,80782,80784,80786,80788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80773,896],{"class":58},[44,80775,2561],{"class":95},[44,80777,83],{"class":58},[44,80779,2961],{"class":95},[44,80781,83],{"class":58},[44,80783,37875],{"class":95},[44,80785,83],{"class":58},[44,80787,6861],{"class":95},[44,80789,1153],{"class":58},[20,80791,65826],{},[252,80793,80794,80801,80807],{},[255,80795,80796,80798,80799],{},[15,80797,39949],{}," takes the function ",[15,80800,80739],{},[255,80802,80803,80804,80806],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80805,1579],{}," into that function",[255,80808,80809],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80811,80812],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[252,80814,80815,80822,80829,80837],{},[255,80816,80817,6573,80820],{},[15,80818,80819],{},"double(1)",[15,80821,2561],{},[255,80823,80824,6573,80827],{},[15,80825,80826],{},"double(2)",[15,80828,3008],{},[255,80830,80831,6573,80834],{},[15,80832,80833],{},"double(3)",[15,80835,80836],{},"6",[255,80838,80839,6573,80842],{},[15,80840,80841],{},"double(4)",[15,80843,2849],{},[30,80845,1785,80847,80849],{"id":80846},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80848,39949],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80851,80852,80854],{},[15,80853,39949],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80856,80857],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80859,269],{},[35,80861,80863],{"className":37,"code":80862,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80864,80865,80882,80892,80896,80917,80938,80942,80967,80971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80866,80867,80869,80872,80874,80876,80878,80880],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80868,35079],{"class":2570},[44,80870,80871],{"class":35082}," add_numbers",[44,80873,120],{"class":58},[44,80875,625],{"class":37894},[44,80877,83],{"class":58},[44,80879,3063],{"class":37894},[44,80881,8837],{"class":58},[44,80883,80884,80886,80888,80890],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80885,35090],{"class":1140},[44,80887,44780],{"class":50},[44,80889,2564],{"class":54},[44,80891,36412],{"class":50},[44,80893,80894],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,80895,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,80897,80898,80901,80903,80905,80907,80909,80911,80913,80915],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,80899,80900],{"class":50},"list1 ",[44,80902,55],{"class":54},[44,80904,1556],{"class":58},[44,80906,1588],{"class":95},[44,80908,83],{"class":58},[44,80910,1717],{"class":95},[44,80912,83],{"class":58},[44,80914,2955],{"class":95},[44,80916,1153],{"class":58},[44,80918,80919,80922,80924,80926,80928,80930,80932,80934,80936],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,80920,80921],{"class":50},"list2 ",[44,80923,55],{"class":54},[44,80925,1556],{"class":58},[44,80927,1559],{"class":95},[44,80929,83],{"class":58},[44,80931,646],{"class":95},[44,80933,83],{"class":58},[44,80935,1568],{"class":95},[44,80937,1153],{"class":58},[44,80939,80940],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,80941,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,80943,80944,80946,80948,80950,80952,80955,80957,80960,80962,80965],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,80945,1953],{"class":50},[44,80947,55],{"class":54},[44,80949,80264],{"class":135},[44,80951,120],{"class":58},[44,80953,80954],{"class":116},"add_numbers",[44,80956,83],{"class":58},[44,80958,80959],{"class":116}," list1",[44,80961,83],{"class":58},[44,80963,80964],{"class":116}," list2",[44,80966,129],{"class":58},[44,80968,80969],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,80970,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,80972,80973,80975,80977,80979,80981,80983],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,80974,136],{"class":135},[44,80976,120],{"class":58},[44,80978,8588],{"class":2248},[44,80980,120],{"class":58},[44,80982,1984],{"class":116},[44,80984,2239],{"class":58},[20,80986,2576],{},[35,80988,80990],{"className":37,"code":80989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80991,80992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80993,80994,80996,80999,81001,81004,81006,81009],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80995,896],{"class":58},[44,80997,80998],{"class":95},"11",[44,81000,83],{"class":58},[44,81002,81003],{"class":95}," 22",[44,81005,83],{"class":58},[44,81007,81008],{"class":95}," 33",[44,81010,1153],{"class":58},[20,81012,2684],{},[252,81014,81015,81021,81027],{},[255,81016,81017,81018],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,81019,81020],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[255,81022,81023,81024],{},"then ",[15,81025,81026],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[255,81028,81023,81029],{},[15,81030,81031],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[981,81033,81035,81037],{"id":81034},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,81036,39949],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,81039,81040,81041,81043],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,81042,39949],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[35,81045,81047],{"className":37,"code":81046,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81048,81049,81065,81075,81079,81103,81119,81123,81145,81149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81050,81051,81053,81055,81057,81059,81061,81063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81052,35079],{"class":2570},[44,81054,80871],{"class":35082},[44,81056,120],{"class":58},[44,81058,625],{"class":37894},[44,81060,83],{"class":58},[44,81062,3063],{"class":37894},[44,81064,8837],{"class":58},[44,81066,81067,81069,81071,81073],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81068,35090],{"class":1140},[44,81070,44780],{"class":50},[44,81072,2564],{"class":54},[44,81074,36412],{"class":50},[44,81076,81077],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,81078,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,81080,81081,81083,81085,81087,81089,81091,81093,81095,81097,81099,81101],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,81082,80900],{"class":50},[44,81084,55],{"class":54},[44,81086,1556],{"class":58},[44,81088,1588],{"class":95},[44,81090,83],{"class":58},[44,81092,1717],{"class":95},[44,81094,83],{"class":58},[44,81096,2955],{"class":95},[44,81098,83],{"class":58},[44,81100,2961],{"class":95},[44,81102,1153],{"class":58},[44,81104,81105,81107,81109,81111,81113,81115,81117],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,81106,80921],{"class":50},[44,81108,55],{"class":54},[44,81110,1556],{"class":58},[44,81112,1559],{"class":95},[44,81114,83],{"class":58},[44,81116,646],{"class":95},[44,81118,1153],{"class":58},[44,81120,81121],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,81122,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,81124,81125,81127,81129,81131,81133,81135,81137,81139,81141,81143],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,81126,1953],{"class":50},[44,81128,55],{"class":54},[44,81130,80264],{"class":135},[44,81132,120],{"class":58},[44,81134,80954],{"class":116},[44,81136,83],{"class":58},[44,81138,80959],{"class":116},[44,81140,83],{"class":58},[44,81142,80964],{"class":116},[44,81144,129],{"class":58},[44,81146,81147],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,81148,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,81150,81151,81153,81155,81157,81159,81161],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,81152,136],{"class":135},[44,81154,120],{"class":58},[44,81156,8588],{"class":2248},[44,81158,120],{"class":58},[44,81160,1984],{"class":116},[44,81162,2239],{"class":58},[20,81164,2576],{},[35,81166,81168],{"className":37,"code":81167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81169,81170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81171,81172,81174,81176,81178,81180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81173,896],{"class":58},[44,81175,80998],{"class":95},[44,81177,83],{"class":58},[44,81179,81003],{"class":95},[44,81181,1153],{"class":58},[20,81183,81184,81185,81188],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81186,81187],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[30,81190,81192,81194],{"id":81191},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81193,39949],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81196,38255,81197,81199],{},[15,81198,39949],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81201,81202,81203,81206],{},"This object is ",[590,81204,81205],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[981,81208,2992,81210,81212],{"id":81209},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81211,33253],{}," looks strange",[20,81214,33869],{},[35,81216,81218],{"className":37,"code":81217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81219,81220,81240,81258,81262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81221,81222,81224,81226,81228,81230,81232,81234,81236,81238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81223,1551],{"class":50},[44,81225,55],{"class":54},[44,81227,1556],{"class":58},[44,81229,1588],{"class":95},[44,81231,83],{"class":58},[44,81233,1717],{"class":95},[44,81235,83],{"class":58},[44,81237,2955],{"class":95},[44,81239,1153],{"class":58},[44,81241,81242,81244,81246,81248,81250,81252,81254,81256],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81243,1953],{"class":50},[44,81245,55],{"class":54},[44,81247,80264],{"class":135},[44,81249,120],{"class":58},[44,81251,3950],{"class":2248},[44,81253,83],{"class":58},[44,81255,4767],{"class":116},[44,81257,129],{"class":58},[44,81259,81260],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,81261,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,81263,81264,81266,81268,81270],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,81265,136],{"class":135},[44,81267,120],{"class":58},[44,81269,1984],{"class":116},[44,81271,129],{"class":58},[20,81273,81274],{},"Output will look something like this:",[35,81276,81278],{"className":37,"code":81277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81279,81280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81281,81282,81284,81286,81288,81290,81292,81294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81283,3797],{"class":54},[44,81285,40092],{"class":135},[44,81287,25056],{"class":2248},[44,81289,37595],{"class":50},[44,81291,37599],{"class":37598},[44,81293,37602],{"class":34680},[44,81295,3809],{"class":54},[20,81297,81298],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81300,81301],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[35,81303,81305],{"className":37,"code":81304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81306,81307,81327,81345,81349],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81308,81309,81311,81313,81315,81317,81319,81321,81323,81325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81310,1551],{"class":50},[44,81312,55],{"class":54},[44,81314,1556],{"class":58},[44,81316,1588],{"class":95},[44,81318,83],{"class":58},[44,81320,1717],{"class":95},[44,81322,83],{"class":58},[44,81324,2955],{"class":95},[44,81326,1153],{"class":58},[44,81328,81329,81331,81333,81335,81337,81339,81341,81343],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81330,1953],{"class":50},[44,81332,55],{"class":54},[44,81334,80264],{"class":135},[44,81336,120],{"class":58},[44,81338,3950],{"class":2248},[44,81340,83],{"class":58},[44,81342,4767],{"class":116},[44,81344,129],{"class":58},[44,81346,81347],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,81348,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,81350,81351,81353,81355,81357,81359,81361],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,81352,136],{"class":135},[44,81354,120],{"class":58},[44,81356,8588],{"class":2248},[44,81358,120],{"class":58},[44,81360,1984],{"class":116},[44,81362,2239],{"class":58},[20,81364,2576],{},[35,81366,81368],{"className":37,"code":81367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81369,81370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81371,81372,81374,81376,81378,81380,81382,81384,81386,81388,81390,81392,81394,81396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81373,896],{"class":58},[44,81375,2197],{"class":62},[44,81377,1588],{"class":66},[44,81379,2197],{"class":62},[44,81381,83],{"class":58},[44,81383,2232],{"class":62},[44,81385,2561],{"class":66},[44,81387,2197],{"class":62},[44,81389,83],{"class":58},[44,81391,2232],{"class":62},[44,81393,2567],{"class":66},[44,81395,2197],{"class":62},[44,81397,1153],{"class":58},[981,81399,81401],{"id":81400},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[35,81403,81405],{"className":37,"code":81404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81406,81407,81427,81445,81449,81462],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81408,81409,81411,81413,81415,81417,81419,81421,81423,81425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81410,1551],{"class":50},[44,81412,55],{"class":54},[44,81414,1556],{"class":58},[44,81416,1588],{"class":95},[44,81418,83],{"class":58},[44,81420,1717],{"class":95},[44,81422,83],{"class":58},[44,81424,2955],{"class":95},[44,81426,1153],{"class":58},[44,81428,81429,81431,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81430,1953],{"class":50},[44,81432,55],{"class":54},[44,81434,80264],{"class":135},[44,81436,120],{"class":58},[44,81438,3950],{"class":2248},[44,81440,83],{"class":58},[44,81442,4767],{"class":116},[44,81444,129],{"class":58},[44,81446,81447],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,81448,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,81450,81451,81453,81455,81457,81460],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,81452,6459],{"class":1140},[44,81454,6462],{"class":50},[44,81456,4385],{"class":1140},[44,81458,81459],{"class":50}," result",[44,81461,1359],{"class":58},[44,81463,81464,81466,81468,81470],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,81465,1387],{"class":135},[44,81467,120],{"class":58},[44,81469,23749],{"class":116},[44,81471,129],{"class":58},[20,81473,2576],{},[35,81475,81477],{"className":37,"code":81476,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81478,81479,81483,81487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81480,81481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81482,47153],{"class":95},[44,81484,81485],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81486,17510],{"class":95},[44,81488,81489],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,81490,46853],{"class":95},[981,81492,81494],{"id":81493},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81496,81497],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[35,81499,81501],{"className":37,"code":81500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81502,81503,81523,81541,81545,81559],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81504,81505,81507,81509,81511,81513,81515,81517,81519,81521],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81506,1551],{"class":50},[44,81508,55],{"class":54},[44,81510,1556],{"class":58},[44,81512,1588],{"class":95},[44,81514,83],{"class":58},[44,81516,1717],{"class":95},[44,81518,83],{"class":58},[44,81520,2955],{"class":95},[44,81522,1153],{"class":58},[44,81524,81525,81527,81529,81531,81533,81535,81537,81539],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81526,1953],{"class":50},[44,81528,55],{"class":54},[44,81530,80264],{"class":135},[44,81532,120],{"class":58},[44,81534,3950],{"class":2248},[44,81536,83],{"class":58},[44,81538,4767],{"class":116},[44,81540,129],{"class":58},[44,81542,81543],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,81544,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,81546,81547,81549,81551,81553,81555,81557],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,81548,136],{"class":135},[44,81550,120],{"class":58},[44,81552,8588],{"class":2248},[44,81554,120],{"class":58},[44,81556,1984],{"class":116},[44,81558,2239],{"class":58},[44,81560,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569,81571],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,81562,136],{"class":135},[44,81564,120],{"class":58},[44,81566,8588],{"class":2248},[44,81568,120],{"class":58},[44,81570,1984],{"class":116},[44,81572,2239],{"class":58},[20,81574,2576],{},[35,81576,81578],{"className":37,"code":81577,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81579,81580,81608],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81581,81582,81584,81586,81588,81590,81592,81594,81596,81598,81600,81602,81604,81606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81583,896],{"class":58},[44,81585,2197],{"class":62},[44,81587,1588],{"class":66},[44,81589,2197],{"class":62},[44,81591,83],{"class":58},[44,81593,2232],{"class":62},[44,81595,2561],{"class":66},[44,81597,2197],{"class":62},[44,81599,83],{"class":58},[44,81601,2232],{"class":62},[44,81603,2567],{"class":66},[44,81605,2197],{"class":62},[44,81607,1153],{"class":58},[44,81609,81610],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81611,38529],{"class":58},[20,81613,81614],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81616,81617],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[35,81619,81621],{"className":37,"code":81620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81622,81623,81643,81665,81669,81679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81624,81625,81627,81629,81631,81633,81635,81637,81639,81641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81626,1551],{"class":50},[44,81628,55],{"class":54},[44,81630,1556],{"class":58},[44,81632,1588],{"class":95},[44,81634,83],{"class":58},[44,81636,1717],{"class":95},[44,81638,83],{"class":58},[44,81640,2955],{"class":95},[44,81642,1153],{"class":58},[44,81644,81645,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661,81663],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81646,1953],{"class":50},[44,81648,55],{"class":54},[44,81650,22998],{"class":2248},[44,81652,120],{"class":58},[44,81654,40092],{"class":135},[44,81656,120],{"class":58},[44,81658,3950],{"class":2248},[44,81660,83],{"class":58},[44,81662,4767],{"class":116},[44,81664,2239],{"class":58},[44,81666,81667],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,81668,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,81670,81671,81673,81675,81677],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,81672,136],{"class":135},[44,81674,120],{"class":58},[44,81676,1984],{"class":116},[44,81678,129],{"class":58},[44,81680,81681,81683,81685,81687],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,81682,136],{"class":135},[44,81684,120],{"class":58},[44,81686,1984],{"class":116},[44,81688,129],{"class":58},[20,81690,2576],{},[35,81692,81694],{"className":37,"code":81693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81695,81696,81724],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81697,81698,81700,81702,81704,81706,81708,81710,81712,81714,81716,81718,81720,81722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81699,896],{"class":58},[44,81701,2197],{"class":62},[44,81703,1588],{"class":66},[44,81705,2197],{"class":62},[44,81707,83],{"class":58},[44,81709,2232],{"class":62},[44,81711,2561],{"class":66},[44,81713,2197],{"class":62},[44,81715,83],{"class":58},[44,81717,2232],{"class":62},[44,81719,2567],{"class":66},[44,81721,2197],{"class":62},[44,81723,1153],{"class":58},[44,81725,81726,81728,81730,81732,81734,81736,81738,81740,81742,81744,81746,81748,81750],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81727,896],{"class":58},[44,81729,2197],{"class":62},[44,81731,1588],{"class":66},[44,81733,2197],{"class":62},[44,81735,83],{"class":58},[44,81737,2232],{"class":62},[44,81739,2561],{"class":66},[44,81741,2197],{"class":62},[44,81743,83],{"class":58},[44,81745,2232],{"class":62},[44,81747,2567],{"class":66},[44,81749,2197],{"class":62},[44,81751,1153],{"class":58},[30,81753,769,81755],{"id":81754},"when-to-use-map",[15,81756,39949],{},[20,81758,81759,81761],{},[15,81760,39949],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81763,81764],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[252,81766,81767,81771,81775],{},[255,81768,81769],{},[15,81770,3950],{},[255,81772,81773],{},[15,81774,2694],{},[255,81776,81777],{},[15,81778,2521],{},[20,81780,269],{},[35,81782,81784],{"className":37,"code":81783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81785,81786,81818,81840,81844],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81787,81788,81790,81792,81794,81796,81798,81800,81802,81804,81806,81808,81810,81812,81814,81816],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81789,4327],{"class":50},[44,81791,55],{"class":54},[44,81793,1556],{"class":58},[44,81795,2197],{"class":62},[44,81797,1588],{"class":66},[44,81799,2197],{"class":62},[44,81801,83],{"class":58},[44,81803,2232],{"class":62},[44,81805,2561],{"class":66},[44,81807,2197],{"class":62},[44,81809,83],{"class":58},[44,81811,2232],{"class":62},[44,81813,2567],{"class":66},[44,81815,2197],{"class":62},[44,81817,1153],{"class":58},[44,81819,81820,81822,81824,81826,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836,81838],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81821,1551],{"class":50},[44,81823,55],{"class":54},[44,81825,22998],{"class":2248},[44,81827,120],{"class":58},[44,81829,40092],{"class":135},[44,81831,120],{"class":58},[44,81833,2694],{"class":2248},[44,81835,83],{"class":58},[44,81837,4388],{"class":116},[44,81839,2239],{"class":58},[44,81841,81842],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,81843,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,81845,81846,81848,81850,81852],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,81847,136],{"class":135},[44,81849,120],{"class":58},[44,81851,1579],{"class":116},[44,81853,129],{"class":58},[20,81855,2576],{},[35,81857,81858],{"className":37,"code":55389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81859,81860],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81861,81862,81864,81866,81868,81870,81872,81874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81863,896],{"class":58},[44,81865,1588],{"class":95},[44,81867,83],{"class":58},[44,81869,1717],{"class":95},[44,81871,83],{"class":58},[44,81873,2955],{"class":95},[44,81875,1153],{"class":58},[20,81877,81878],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81880,81881],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[35,81883,81885],{"className":37,"code":81884,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81886,81887,81907,81929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81888,81889,81891,81893,81895,81897,81899,81901,81903,81905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81890,1551],{"class":50},[44,81892,55],{"class":54},[44,81894,1556],{"class":58},[44,81896,1588],{"class":95},[44,81898,83],{"class":58},[44,81900,1717],{"class":95},[44,81902,83],{"class":58},[44,81904,2955],{"class":95},[44,81906,1153],{"class":58},[44,81908,81909,81911,81913,81915,81917,81919,81921,81923,81925,81927],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81910,1953],{"class":50},[44,81912,55],{"class":54},[44,81914,22998],{"class":2248},[44,81916,120],{"class":58},[44,81918,40092],{"class":135},[44,81920,120],{"class":58},[44,81922,3950],{"class":2248},[44,81924,83],{"class":58},[44,81926,4767],{"class":116},[44,81928,2239],{"class":58},[44,81930,81931,81933,81935,81937],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,81932,136],{"class":135},[44,81934,120],{"class":58},[44,81936,1984],{"class":116},[44,81938,129],{"class":58},[35,81940,81942],{"className":37,"code":81941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81943,81944,81964,81991],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81945,81946,81948,81950,81952,81954,81956,81958,81960,81962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81947,1551],{"class":50},[44,81949,55],{"class":54},[44,81951,1556],{"class":58},[44,81953,1588],{"class":95},[44,81955,83],{"class":58},[44,81957,1717],{"class":95},[44,81959,83],{"class":58},[44,81961,2955],{"class":95},[44,81963,1153],{"class":58},[44,81965,81966,81968,81970,81972,81974,81976,81978,81980,81982,81985,81987,81989],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81967,1953],{"class":50},[44,81969,55],{"class":54},[44,81971,1556],{"class":58},[44,81973,3950],{"class":2248},[44,81975,120],{"class":58},[44,81977,76272],{"class":116},[44,81979,144],{"class":58},[44,81981,4379],{"class":1140},[44,81983,81984],{"class":50}," n ",[44,81986,4385],{"class":1140},[44,81988,4767],{"class":50},[44,81990,1153],{"class":58},[44,81992,81993,81995,81997,81999],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,81994,136],{"class":135},[44,81996,120],{"class":58},[44,81998,1984],{"class":116},[44,82000,129],{"class":58},[20,82002,82003],{},"Both produce:",[35,82005,82006],{"className":37,"code":81367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82007,82008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82009,82010,82012,82014,82016,82018,82020,82022,82024,82026,82028,82030,82032,82034],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82011,896],{"class":58},[44,82013,2197],{"class":62},[44,82015,1588],{"class":66},[44,82017,2197],{"class":62},[44,82019,83],{"class":58},[44,82021,2232],{"class":62},[44,82023,2561],{"class":66},[44,82025,2197],{"class":62},[44,82027,83],{"class":58},[44,82029,2232],{"class":62},[44,82031,2567],{"class":66},[44,82033,2197],{"class":62},[44,82035,1153],{"class":58},[20,82037,82038],{},"A simple rule:",[252,82040,82041,82046,82051],{},[255,82042,40223,82043,82045],{},[15,82044,39949],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[255,82047,40229,82048,82050],{},[15,82049,6459],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[255,82052,82053],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,82055,82056,82057,113],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[625,82058,4897],{"href":4896},[30,82060,1526],{"id":1525},[981,82062,82064,82065],{"id":82063},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,82066,25220],{},[20,82068,82069],{},"This is very common:",[35,82071,82072],{"className":37,"code":81217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82073,82074,82094,82112,82116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82075,82076,82078,82080,82082,82084,82086,82088,82090,82092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82077,1551],{"class":50},[44,82079,55],{"class":54},[44,82081,1556],{"class":58},[44,82083,1588],{"class":95},[44,82085,83],{"class":58},[44,82087,1717],{"class":95},[44,82089,83],{"class":58},[44,82091,2955],{"class":95},[44,82093,1153],{"class":58},[44,82095,82096,82098,82100,82102,82104,82106,82108,82110],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82097,1953],{"class":50},[44,82099,55],{"class":54},[44,82101,80264],{"class":135},[44,82103,120],{"class":58},[44,82105,3950],{"class":2248},[44,82107,83],{"class":58},[44,82109,4767],{"class":116},[44,82111,129],{"class":58},[44,82113,82114],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,82115,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,82117,82118,82120,82122,82124],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,82119,136],{"class":135},[44,82121,120],{"class":58},[44,82123,1984],{"class":116},[44,82125,129],{"class":58},[20,82127,82128],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,82130,39494],{},[35,82132,82134],{"className":37,"code":82133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(result))\n",[15,82135,82136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82137,82138,82140,82142,82144,82146,82148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82139,136],{"class":135},[44,82141,120],{"class":58},[44,82143,8588],{"class":2248},[44,82145,120],{"class":58},[44,82147,1984],{"class":116},[44,82149,2239],{"class":58},[981,82151,82153],{"id":82152},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,82155,17098],{},[35,82157,82159],{"className":37,"code":82158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82160,82161,82181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82162,82163,82165,82167,82169,82171,82173,82175,82177,82179],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82164,1551],{"class":50},[44,82166,55],{"class":54},[44,82168,1556],{"class":58},[44,82170,1588],{"class":95},[44,82172,83],{"class":58},[44,82174,1717],{"class":95},[44,82176,83],{"class":58},[44,82178,2955],{"class":95},[44,82180,1153],{"class":58},[44,82182,82183,82185,82187,82189,82191,82193,82196,82198],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82184,1953],{"class":50},[44,82186,55],{"class":54},[44,82188,80264],{"class":135},[44,82190,120],{"class":58},[44,82192,3950],{"class":2248},[44,82194,82195],{"class":58},"(),",[44,82197,4767],{"class":116},[44,82199,129],{"class":58},[20,82201,82202,82203,82205,82206,82208],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82204,47920],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82207,39949],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82210,17110],{},[35,82212,82213],{"className":37,"code":81304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82214,82215,82235,82253,82257],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82216,82217,82219,82221,82223,82225,82227,82229,82231,82233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82218,1551],{"class":50},[44,82220,55],{"class":54},[44,82222,1556],{"class":58},[44,82224,1588],{"class":95},[44,82226,83],{"class":58},[44,82228,1717],{"class":95},[44,82230,83],{"class":58},[44,82232,2955],{"class":95},[44,82234,1153],{"class":58},[44,82236,82237,82239,82241,82243,82245,82247,82249,82251],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82238,1953],{"class":50},[44,82240,55],{"class":54},[44,82242,80264],{"class":135},[44,82244,120],{"class":58},[44,82246,3950],{"class":2248},[44,82248,83],{"class":58},[44,82250,4767],{"class":116},[44,82252,129],{"class":58},[44,82254,82255],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,82256,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,82258,82259,82261,82263,82265,82267,82269],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,82260,136],{"class":135},[44,82262,120],{"class":58},[44,82264,8588],{"class":2248},[44,82266,120],{"class":58},[44,82268,1984],{"class":116},[44,82270,2239],{"class":58},[981,82272,82274],{"id":82273},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82276,82277],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82279,17098],{},[35,82281,82283],{"className":37,"code":82282,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82284,82285,82302,82312,82316,82336,82355,82359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82286,82287,82289,82292,82294,82296,82298,82300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82288,35079],{"class":2570},[44,82290,82291],{"class":35082}," add",[44,82293,120],{"class":58},[44,82295,625],{"class":37894},[44,82297,83],{"class":58},[44,82299,3063],{"class":37894},[44,82301,8837],{"class":58},[44,82303,82304,82306,82308,82310],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82305,35090],{"class":1140},[44,82307,44780],{"class":50},[44,82309,2564],{"class":54},[44,82311,36412],{"class":50},[44,82313,82314],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,82315,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,82317,82318,82320,82322,82324,82326,82328,82330,82332,82334],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,82319,1551],{"class":50},[44,82321,55],{"class":54},[44,82323,1556],{"class":58},[44,82325,1588],{"class":95},[44,82327,83],{"class":58},[44,82329,1717],{"class":95},[44,82331,83],{"class":58},[44,82333,2955],{"class":95},[44,82335,1153],{"class":58},[44,82337,82338,82340,82342,82344,82346,82349,82351,82353],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,82339,1953],{"class":50},[44,82341,55],{"class":54},[44,82343,80264],{"class":135},[44,82345,120],{"class":58},[44,82347,82348],{"class":116},"add",[44,82350,83],{"class":58},[44,82352,4767],{"class":116},[44,82354,129],{"class":58},[44,82356,82357],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,82358,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,82360,82361,82363,82365,82367,82369,82371],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,82362,136],{"class":135},[44,82364,120],{"class":58},[44,82366,8588],{"class":2248},[44,82368,120],{"class":58},[44,82370,1984],{"class":116},[44,82372,2239],{"class":58},[20,82374,17110],{},[35,82376,82378],{"className":37,"code":82377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82379,82380,82396,82406,82410,82430,82450,82472,82476],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82381,82382,82384,82386,82388,82390,82392,82394],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82383,35079],{"class":2570},[44,82385,82291],{"class":35082},[44,82387,120],{"class":58},[44,82389,625],{"class":37894},[44,82391,83],{"class":58},[44,82393,3063],{"class":37894},[44,82395,8837],{"class":58},[44,82397,82398,82400,82402,82404],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82399,35090],{"class":1140},[44,82401,44780],{"class":50},[44,82403,2564],{"class":54},[44,82405,36412],{"class":50},[44,82407,82408],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,82409,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,82411,82412,82414,82416,82418,82420,82422,82424,82426,82428],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,82413,80900],{"class":50},[44,82415,55],{"class":54},[44,82417,1556],{"class":58},[44,82419,1588],{"class":95},[44,82421,83],{"class":58},[44,82423,1717],{"class":95},[44,82425,83],{"class":58},[44,82427,2955],{"class":95},[44,82429,1153],{"class":58},[44,82431,82432,82434,82436,82438,82440,82442,82444,82446,82448],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,82433,80921],{"class":50},[44,82435,55],{"class":54},[44,82437,1556],{"class":58},[44,82439,1559],{"class":95},[44,82441,83],{"class":58},[44,82443,646],{"class":95},[44,82445,83],{"class":58},[44,82447,1568],{"class":95},[44,82449,1153],{"class":58},[44,82451,82452,82454,82456,82458,82460,82462,82464,82466,82468,82470],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,82453,1953],{"class":50},[44,82455,55],{"class":54},[44,82457,80264],{"class":135},[44,82459,120],{"class":58},[44,82461,82348],{"class":116},[44,82463,83],{"class":58},[44,82465,80959],{"class":116},[44,82467,83],{"class":58},[44,82469,80964],{"class":116},[44,82471,129],{"class":58},[44,82473,82474],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,82475,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,82477,82478,82480,82482,82484,82486,82488],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,82479,136],{"class":135},[44,82481,120],{"class":58},[44,82483,8588],{"class":2248},[44,82485,120],{"class":58},[44,82487,1984],{"class":116},[44,82489,2239],{"class":58},[981,82491,82493],{"id":82492},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82495,17098],{},[35,82497,82498],{"className":37,"code":81500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82499,82500,82520,82538,82542,82556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82501,82502,82504,82506,82508,82510,82512,82514,82516,82518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82503,1551],{"class":50},[44,82505,55],{"class":54},[44,82507,1556],{"class":58},[44,82509,1588],{"class":95},[44,82511,83],{"class":58},[44,82513,1717],{"class":95},[44,82515,83],{"class":58},[44,82517,2955],{"class":95},[44,82519,1153],{"class":58},[44,82521,82522,82524,82526,82528,82530,82532,82534,82536],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82523,1953],{"class":50},[44,82525,55],{"class":54},[44,82527,80264],{"class":135},[44,82529,120],{"class":58},[44,82531,3950],{"class":2248},[44,82533,83],{"class":58},[44,82535,4767],{"class":116},[44,82537,129],{"class":58},[44,82539,82540],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,82541,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,82543,82544,82546,82548,82550,82552,82554],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,82545,136],{"class":135},[44,82547,120],{"class":58},[44,82549,8588],{"class":2248},[44,82551,120],{"class":58},[44,82553,1984],{"class":116},[44,82555,2239],{"class":58},[44,82557,82558,82560,82562,82564,82566,82568],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,82559,136],{"class":135},[44,82561,120],{"class":58},[44,82563,8588],{"class":2248},[44,82565,120],{"class":58},[44,82567,1984],{"class":116},[44,82569,2239],{"class":58},[20,82571,82572],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82574,82575],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[30,82577,68137],{"id":68136},[20,82579,2154,82580,82582],{},[15,82581,39949],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,82584,82586],{"className":37,"code":82585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82587,82588,82598,82612,82626,82638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82589,82590,82592,82594,82596],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82591,136],{"class":135},[44,82593,120],{"class":58},[44,82595,1984],{"class":116},[44,82597,129],{"class":58},[44,82599,82600,82602,82604,82606,82608,82610],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82601,136],{"class":135},[44,82603,120],{"class":58},[44,82605,8588],{"class":2248},[44,82607,120],{"class":58},[44,82609,1984],{"class":116},[44,82611,2239],{"class":58},[44,82613,82614,82616,82618,82620,82622,82624],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,82615,136],{"class":135},[44,82617,120],{"class":58},[44,82619,2249],{"class":2248},[44,82621,120],{"class":58},[44,82623,1984],{"class":116},[44,82625,2239],{"class":58},[44,82627,82628,82630,82632,82634,82636],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,82629,6459],{"class":1140},[44,82631,6462],{"class":50},[44,82633,4385],{"class":1140},[44,82635,81459],{"class":50},[44,82637,1359],{"class":58},[44,82639,82640,82642,82644,82646],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,82641,1387],{"class":135},[44,82643,120],{"class":58},[44,82645,23749],{"class":116},[44,82647,129],{"class":58},[20,82649,13141],{},[252,82651,82652,82657,82662,82668],{},[255,82653,82654,82656],{},[15,82655,33253],{}," shows that you have a map object",[255,82658,82659,82661],{},[15,82660,33261],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[255,82663,82664,82667],{},[15,82665,82666],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[255,82669,82670,82671,82673],{},"looping over ",[15,82672,1984],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82675,82676,82677,82680,82681,82683],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82678,82679],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82682,6459],{}," loop consume the map object.",[30,82685,2301],{"id":2300},[981,82687,2329,82689,82691],{"id":82688},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82690,39949],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82693,82694,82695,82697,82698,24377],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82696,39949],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82699,82700],{},"list(map(...))",[981,82702,15359,82704,82706,82707,82709],{"id":82703},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82705,39949],{}," better than a ",[15,82708,6459],{}," loop?",[20,82711,82712,82713,82715,82716,82718],{},"Not always. ",[15,82714,39949],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82717,6459],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[981,82720,5671,82722,82724],{"id":82721},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82723,39949],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82726,82727],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[981,82729,82731],{"id":82730},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82733,82734],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[30,82736,2375],{"id":2374},[252,82738,82739,82745,82751,82755,82759],{},[255,82740,82741],{},[625,82742,4083,82743,4016],{"href":40318},[15,82744,37807],{},[255,82746,82747],{},[625,82748,4083,82749,4016],{"href":65089},[15,82750,25220],{},[255,82752,82753],{},[625,82754,5722],{"href":5632},[255,82756,82757],{},[625,82758,5727],{"href":4896},[255,82760,82761],{},[625,82762,5717],{"href":5636},[2414,82764,82765],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":82767},[82768,82769,82771,82772,82773,82775,82780,82787,82789,82796,82797,82806],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":80343,"depth":102,"text":82770},"What map() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952},{"id":80662,"depth":102,"text":82774},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80846,"depth":102,"text":82776,"children":82777},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82778],{"id":81034,"depth":132,"text":82779},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81191,"depth":102,"text":82781,"children":82782},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82783,82785,82786],{"id":81209,"depth":132,"text":82784},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81400,"depth":132,"text":81401},{"id":81493,"depth":132,"text":81494},{"id":81754,"depth":102,"text":82788},"When to use map()",{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526,"children":82790},[82791,82793,82794,82795],{"id":82063,"depth":132,"text":82792},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82152,"depth":132,"text":82153},{"id":82273,"depth":132,"text":82274},{"id":82492,"depth":132,"text":82493},{"id":68136,"depth":102,"text":68137},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":82798},[82799,82801,82803,82805],{"id":82688,"depth":132,"text":82800},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82703,"depth":132,"text":82802},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82721,"depth":132,"text":82804},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82730,"depth":132,"text":82731},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80175,"description":82807},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82814,"title":82815,"body":82816,"description":84836,"extension":2465,"meta":84837,"navigation":169,"path":84838,"seo":84839,"stem":84840,"__hash__":84841},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82817,"toc":84794},[82818,82824,82829,82832,82840,82843,82845,82969,82971,82989,82991,83011,83016,83020,83034,83037,83040,83042,83047,83159,83162,83180,83186,83189,83251,83253,83262,83265,83279,83281,83329,83331,83340,83350,83356,83359,83386,83388,83396,83399,83402,83472,83474,83482,83485,83490,83495,83546,83548,83556,83559,83561,83578,83580,83632,83635,83641,83645,83650,83653,83657,83716,83718,83727,83733,83742,83746,83809,83811,83819,83824,83828,83833,83913,83915,83924,83931,83936,83941,83944,83979,83981,83989,83992,83998,84000,84050,84052,84061,84064,84082,84084,84089,84095,84102,84129,84131,84154,84159,84194,84199,84205,84210,84253,84256,84259,84298,84305,84311,84316,84331,84335,84342,84345,84349,84354,84358,84363,84365,84426,84428,84457,84462,84469,84478,84480,84483,84508,84510,84613,84616,84634,84643,84645,84650,84653,84659,84662,84664,84674,84680,84684,84742,84749,84757,84759,84791],[10,82819,4083,82821,4087],{"id":82820},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82822,82823],{},"max()",[20,82825,9616,82826,82828],{},[15,82827,82823],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82830,82831],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[252,82833,82834,82837],{},[255,82835,82836],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[255,82838,82839],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82841,82842],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[30,82844,2507],{"id":2506},[35,82846,82848],{"className":37,"code":82847,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82849,82850,82874,82889,82893,82919,82923,82955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82851,82852,82854,82856,82858,82860,82862,82864,82866,82868,82870,82872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82853,1551],{"class":50},[44,82855,55],{"class":54},[44,82857,1556],{"class":58},[44,82859,2567],{"class":95},[44,82861,83],{"class":58},[44,82863,6861],{"class":95},[44,82865,83],{"class":58},[44,82867,1717],{"class":95},[44,82869,83],{"class":58},[44,82871,5108],{"class":95},[44,82873,1153],{"class":58},[44,82875,82876,82878,82880,82883,82885,82887],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82877,136],{"class":135},[44,82879,120],{"class":58},[44,82881,82882],{"class":135},"max",[44,82884,120],{"class":58},[44,82886,1579],{"class":116},[44,82888,2239],{"class":58},[44,82890,82891],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,82892,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,82894,82895,82897,82899,82901,82903,82905,82907,82909,82911,82913,82915,82917],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,82896,136],{"class":135},[44,82898,120],{"class":58},[44,82900,82882],{"class":135},[44,82902,120],{"class":58},[44,82904,2567],{"class":95},[44,82906,83],{"class":58},[44,82908,6861],{"class":95},[44,82910,83],{"class":58},[44,82912,1717],{"class":95},[44,82914,83],{"class":58},[44,82916,5108],{"class":95},[44,82918,2239],{"class":58},[44,82920,82921],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,82922,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,82924,82925,82927,82929,82931,82933,82935,82937,82939,82941,82943,82945,82947,82949,82951,82953],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,82926,4573],{"class":50},[44,82928,55],{"class":54},[44,82930,1556],{"class":58},[44,82932,63],{"class":62},[44,82934,4582],{"class":66},[44,82936,63],{"class":62},[44,82938,83],{"class":58},[44,82940,75],{"class":62},[44,82942,4591],{"class":66},[44,82944,63],{"class":62},[44,82946,83],{"class":58},[44,82948,75],{"class":62},[44,82950,78986],{"class":66},[44,82952,63],{"class":62},[44,82954,1153],{"class":58},[44,82956,82957,82959,82961,82963,82965,82967],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,82958,136],{"class":135},[44,82960,120],{"class":58},[44,82962,82882],{"class":135},[44,82964,120],{"class":58},[44,82966,4617],{"class":116},[44,82968,2239],{"class":58},[20,82970,2576],{},[35,82972,82974],{"className":37,"code":82973,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82975,82976,82980,82984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82977,82978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82979,2885],{"class":95},[44,82981,82982],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82983,2885],{"class":95},[44,82985,82986],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,82987,82988],{"class":50},"pear\n",[20,82990,20403],{},[252,82992,82993,82999,83005],{},[255,82994,82995,82998],{},[15,82996,82997],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[255,83000,83001,83004],{},[15,83002,83003],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[255,83006,83007,83010],{},[15,83008,83009],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[30,83012,243,83014,246],{"id":83013},"what-max-does",[15,83015,82823],{},[20,83017,83018,72],{},[15,83019,82823],{},[252,83021,83022,83025,83028,83031],{},[255,83023,83024],{},"Returns the largest item",[255,83026,83027],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[255,83029,83030],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[255,83032,83033],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,83035,83036],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,83038,83039],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[30,83041,392],{"id":391},[20,83043,83044,83045,72],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,83046,82823],{},[35,83048,83050],{"className":37,"code":83049,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,83051,83052,83062,83086,83108,83131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83053,83054,83056,83058,83060],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83055,82882],{"class":135},[44,83057,120],{"class":58},[44,83059,4224],{"class":116},[44,83061,129],{"class":58},[44,83063,83064,83066,83068,83070,83072,83075,83077,83079,83081,83084],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83065,82882],{"class":135},[44,83067,120],{"class":58},[44,83069,4224],{"class":116},[44,83071,83],{"class":58},[44,83073,83074],{"class":54}," *",[44,83076,83],{"class":58},[44,83078,22018],{"class":9668},[44,83080,55],{"class":54},[44,83082,83083],{"class":116},"func",[44,83085,129],{"class":58},[44,83087,83088,83090,83092,83094,83096,83098,83100,83102,83104,83106],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,83089,82882],{"class":135},[44,83091,120],{"class":58},[44,83093,4224],{"class":116},[44,83095,83],{"class":58},[44,83097,83074],{"class":54},[44,83099,83],{"class":58},[44,83101,433],{"class":9668},[44,83103,55],{"class":54},[44,83105,1282],{"class":116},[44,83107,129],{"class":58},[44,83109,83110,83112,83114,83117,83119,83122,83124,83126,83129],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,83111,82882],{"class":135},[44,83113,120],{"class":58},[44,83115,83116],{"class":116},"arg1",[44,83118,83],{"class":58},[44,83120,83121],{"class":116}," arg2",[44,83123,83],{"class":58},[44,83125,83074],{"class":54},[44,83127,83128],{"class":116},"args",[44,83130,129],{"class":58},[44,83132,83133,83135,83137,83139,83141,83143,83145,83147,83149,83151,83153,83155,83157],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,83134,82882],{"class":135},[44,83136,120],{"class":58},[44,83138,83116],{"class":116},[44,83140,83],{"class":58},[44,83142,83121],{"class":116},[44,83144,83],{"class":58},[44,83146,83074],{"class":54},[44,83148,83128],{"class":116},[44,83150,83],{"class":58},[44,83152,22018],{"class":9668},[44,83154,55],{"class":54},[44,83156,83083],{"class":116},[44,83158,129],{"class":58},[20,83160,83161],{},"The most important parts are:",[252,83163,83164,83169,83174],{},[255,83165,83166,83168],{},[15,83167,4224],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[255,83170,83171,83173],{},[15,83172,414],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[255,83175,83176,83179],{},[15,83177,83178],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[30,83181,1785,83183,83185],{"id":83182},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83184,82823],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83187,83188],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[35,83190,83192],{"className":37,"code":83191,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83193,83194,83220,83236,83240],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83195,83196,83198,83200,83202,83205,83207,83209,83211,83213,83215,83218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83197,472],{"class":50},[44,83199,55],{"class":54},[44,83201,1556],{"class":58},[44,83203,83204],{"class":95},"72",[44,83206,83],{"class":58},[44,83208,51748],{"class":95},[44,83210,83],{"class":58},[44,83212,502],{"class":95},[44,83214,83],{"class":58},[44,83216,83217],{"class":95}," 66",[44,83219,1153],{"class":58},[44,83221,83222,83225,83227,83230,83232,83234],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83223,83224],{"class":50},"highest_score ",[44,83226,55],{"class":54},[44,83228,83229],{"class":135}," max",[44,83231,120],{"class":58},[44,83233,517],{"class":116},[44,83235,129],{"class":58},[44,83237,83238],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,83239,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,83241,83242,83244,83246,83249],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,83243,136],{"class":135},[44,83245,120],{"class":58},[44,83247,83248],{"class":116},"highest_score",[44,83250,129],{"class":58},[20,83252,2576],{},[35,83254,83256],{"className":37,"code":83255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"91\n",[15,83257,83258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83259,83260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83261,83255],{"class":95},[20,83263,83264],{},"This works well for:",[252,83266,83267,83270,83273,83276],{},[255,83268,83269],{},"Scores",[255,83271,83272],{},"Prices",[255,83274,83275],{},"Ages",[255,83277,83278],{},"Counts",[20,83280,52318],{},[35,83282,83284],{"className":37,"code":83283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83285,83286,83314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83287,83288,83291,83293,83295,83297,83299,83302,83304,83307,83309,83312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83289,83290],{"class":50},"prices ",[44,83292,55],{"class":54},[44,83294,1556],{"class":58},[44,83296,40631],{"class":95},[44,83298,83],{"class":58},[44,83300,83301],{"class":95}," 5.50",[44,83303,83],{"class":58},[44,83305,83306],{"class":95}," 12.75",[44,83308,83],{"class":58},[44,83310,83311],{"class":95}," 29.00",[44,83313,1153],{"class":58},[44,83315,83316,83318,83320,83322,83324,83327],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83317,136],{"class":135},[44,83319,120],{"class":58},[44,83321,82882],{"class":135},[44,83323,120],{"class":58},[44,83325,83326],{"class":116},"prices",[44,83328,2239],{"class":58},[20,83330,2576],{},[35,83332,83334],{"className":37,"code":83333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"29.0\n",[15,83335,83336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83337,83338],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83339,83333],{"class":95},[20,83341,83342,83343,83345,83346,113],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83344,82823],{}," is simpler than ",[625,83347,83348],{"href":74763},[15,83349,74666],{},[30,83351,1785,83353,83355],{"id":83352},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83354,82823],{}," with separate values",[20,83357,83358],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[35,83360,83362],{"className":37,"code":83361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83363,83364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83365,83366,83368,83370,83372,83374,83376,83378,83380,83382,83384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83367,136],{"class":135},[44,83369,120],{"class":58},[44,83371,82882],{"class":135},[44,83373,120],{"class":58},[44,83375,3008],{"class":95},[44,83377,83],{"class":58},[44,83379,31168],{"class":95},[44,83381,83],{"class":58},[44,83383,6495],{"class":95},[44,83385,2239],{"class":58},[20,83387,2576],{},[35,83389,83390],{"className":37,"code":2730,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83391,83392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83393,83394],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83395,2730],{"class":95},[20,83397,83398],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83400,83401],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[35,83403,83405],{"className":37,"code":83404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83406,83407,83416,83424,83434,83438,83461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83408,83409,83411,83413],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83410,3058],{"class":50},[44,83412,55],{"class":54},[44,83414,83415],{"class":95}," 15\n",[44,83417,83418,83420,83422],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83419,3086],{"class":50},[44,83421,55],{"class":54},[44,83423,3273],{"class":95},[44,83425,83426,83429,83431],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,83427,83428],{"class":50},"c ",[44,83430,55],{"class":54},[44,83432,83433],{"class":95}," 27\n",[44,83435,83436],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,83437,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,83439,83440,83443,83445,83447,83449,83451,83453,83455,83457,83459],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,83441,83442],{"class":50},"largest ",[44,83444,55],{"class":54},[44,83446,83229],{"class":135},[44,83448,120],{"class":58},[44,83450,625],{"class":116},[44,83452,83],{"class":58},[44,83454,3063],{"class":116},[44,83456,83],{"class":58},[44,83458,10169],{"class":116},[44,83460,129],{"class":58},[44,83462,83463,83465,83467,83470],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,83464,136],{"class":135},[44,83466,120],{"class":58},[44,83468,83469],{"class":116},"largest",[44,83471,129],{"class":58},[20,83473,2576],{},[35,83475,83476],{"className":37,"code":46848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83477,83478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83479,83480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83481,46848],{"class":95},[20,83483,83484],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[30,83486,1785,83488,47295],{"id":83487},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83489,82823],{},[20,83491,83492,83494],{},[15,83493,82823],{}," can compare strings too.",[35,83496,83498],{"className":37,"code":83497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83499,83500,83532],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83501,83502,83504,83506,83508,83510,83512,83514,83516,83518,83520,83522,83524,83526,83528,83530],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83503,4573],{"class":50},[44,83505,55],{"class":54},[44,83507,1556],{"class":58},[44,83509,63],{"class":62},[44,83511,4582],{"class":66},[44,83513,63],{"class":62},[44,83515,83],{"class":58},[44,83517,75],{"class":62},[44,83519,4591],{"class":66},[44,83521,63],{"class":62},[44,83523,83],{"class":58},[44,83525,75],{"class":62},[44,83527,78986],{"class":66},[44,83529,63],{"class":62},[44,83531,1153],{"class":58},[44,83533,83534,83536,83538,83540,83542,83544],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83535,136],{"class":135},[44,83537,120],{"class":58},[44,83539,82882],{"class":135},[44,83541,120],{"class":58},[44,83543,4617],{"class":116},[44,83545,2239],{"class":58},[20,83547,2576],{},[35,83549,83550],{"className":37,"code":82988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83551,83552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83553,83554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83555,82988],{"class":50},[20,83557,83558],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83560,68525],{},[252,83562,83563,83572,83575],{},[255,83564,83565,83568,83569,83571],{},[15,83566,83567],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83570,65516],{}," alphabetically",[255,83573,83574],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[255,83576,83577],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83579,269],{},[35,83581,83583],{"className":37,"code":83582,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83584,83585,83618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83586,83587,83589,83591,83593,83595,83597,83599,83601,83603,83606,83608,83610,83612,83614,83616],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83588,4573],{"class":50},[44,83590,55],{"class":54},[44,83592,1556],{"class":58},[44,83594,63],{"class":62},[44,83596,4582],{"class":66},[44,83598,63],{"class":62},[44,83600,83],{"class":58},[44,83602,75],{"class":62},[44,83604,83605],{"class":66},"Banana",[44,83607,63],{"class":62},[44,83609,83],{"class":58},[44,83611,75],{"class":62},[44,83613,78986],{"class":66},[44,83615,63],{"class":62},[44,83617,1153],{"class":58},[44,83619,83620,83622,83624,83626,83628,83630],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83621,136],{"class":135},[44,83623,120],{"class":58},[44,83625,82882],{"class":135},[44,83627,120],{"class":58},[44,83629,4617],{"class":116},[44,83631,2239],{"class":58},[20,83633,83634],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83636,83637,83638,83640],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83639,414],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[30,83642,36843,83643,36846],{"id":78944},[15,83644,414],{},[20,83646,2482,83647,83649],{},[15,83648,414],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83651,83652],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[981,83654,83656],{"id":83655},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[35,83658,83660],{"className":37,"code":83659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83661,83662,83694],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83663,83664,83666,83668,83670,83672,83674,83676,83678,83680,83682,83684,83686,83688,83690,83692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83665,4573],{"class":50},[44,83667,55],{"class":54},[44,83669,1556],{"class":58},[44,83671,63],{"class":62},[44,83673,37278],{"class":66},[44,83675,63],{"class":62},[44,83677,83],{"class":58},[44,83679,75],{"class":62},[44,83681,68568],{"class":66},[44,83683,63],{"class":62},[44,83685,83],{"class":58},[44,83687,75],{"class":62},[44,83689,58367],{"class":66},[44,83691,63],{"class":62},[44,83693,1153],{"class":58},[44,83695,83696,83698,83700,83702,83704,83706,83708,83710,83712,83714],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83697,136],{"class":135},[44,83699,120],{"class":58},[44,83701,82882],{"class":135},[44,83703,120],{"class":58},[44,83705,4617],{"class":116},[44,83707,83],{"class":58},[44,83709,22018],{"class":9668},[44,83711,55],{"class":54},[44,83713,11641],{"class":135},[44,83715,2239],{"class":58},[20,83717,2576],{},[35,83719,83721],{"className":37,"code":83720,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"elephant\n",[15,83722,83723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83724,83725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83726,83720],{"class":50},[20,83728,381,83729,83732],{},[15,83730,83731],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83734,83735,83736,33855,83738,113],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83737,42595],{},[625,83739,83740,6284],{"href":42592},[15,83741,42595],{},[981,83743,83745],{"id":83744},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[35,83747,83749],{"className":37,"code":83748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83750,83751,83783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83752,83753,83755,83757,83759,83761,83763,83765,83767,83769,83771,83773,83775,83777,83779,83781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83754,4573],{"class":50},[44,83756,55],{"class":54},[44,83758,1556],{"class":58},[44,83760,63],{"class":62},[44,83762,4582],{"class":66},[44,83764,63],{"class":62},[44,83766,83],{"class":58},[44,83768,75],{"class":62},[44,83770,83605],{"class":66},[44,83772,63],{"class":62},[44,83774,83],{"class":58},[44,83776,75],{"class":62},[44,83778,78986],{"class":66},[44,83780,63],{"class":62},[44,83782,1153],{"class":58},[44,83784,83785,83787,83789,83791,83793,83795,83797,83799,83801,83803,83805,83807],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83786,136],{"class":135},[44,83788,120],{"class":58},[44,83790,82882],{"class":135},[44,83792,120],{"class":58},[44,83794,4617],{"class":116},[44,83796,83],{"class":58},[44,83798,22018],{"class":9668},[44,83800,55],{"class":54},[44,83802,3950],{"class":2248},[44,83804,113],{"class":58},[44,83806,9135],{"class":25189},[44,83808,2239],{"class":58},[20,83810,2576],{},[35,83812,83813],{"className":37,"code":82988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83814,83815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83816,83817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83818,82988],{"class":50},[20,83820,381,83821,83823],{},[15,83822,78940],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[981,83825,83827],{"id":83826},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83829,83830,83831,72],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83832,37891],{},[35,83834,83836],{"className":37,"code":83835,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83837,83838,83881],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83839,83840,83842,83844,83846,83848,83850,83852,83854,83856,83859,83861,83863,83865,83868,83870,83872,83874,83877,83879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83841,8276],{"class":50},[44,83843,55],{"class":54},[44,83845,1556],{"class":58},[44,83847,63],{"class":62},[44,83849,625],{"class":66},[44,83851,63],{"class":62},[44,83853,83],{"class":58},[44,83855,75],{"class":62},[44,83857,83858],{"class":66},"bb",[44,83860,63],{"class":62},[44,83862,83],{"class":58},[44,83864,75],{"class":62},[44,83866,83867],{"class":66},"cccc",[44,83869,63],{"class":62},[44,83871,83],{"class":58},[44,83873,75],{"class":62},[44,83875,83876],{"class":66},"ddd",[44,83878,63],{"class":62},[44,83880,1153],{"class":58},[44,83882,83883,83885,83887,83889,83891,83893,83895,83897,83899,83901,83903,83905,83907,83909,83911],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83884,136],{"class":135},[44,83886,120],{"class":58},[44,83888,82882],{"class":135},[44,83890,120],{"class":58},[44,83892,8305],{"class":116},[44,83894,83],{"class":58},[44,83896,22018],{"class":9668},[44,83898,55],{"class":54},[44,83900,37891],{"class":2570},[44,83902,43076],{"class":37894},[44,83904,72],{"class":58},[44,83906,38618],{"class":135},[44,83908,120],{"class":58},[44,83910,34936],{"class":116},[44,83912,3418],{"class":58},[20,83914,2576],{},[35,83916,83918],{"className":37,"code":83917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cccc\n",[15,83919,83920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83921,83922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83923,83917],{"class":50},[20,83925,49787,83926,976,83928,83930],{},[15,83927,83731],{},[15,83929,78827],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[30,83932,36843,83934,36846],{"id":83933},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83935,83178],{},[20,83937,2482,83938,83940],{},[15,83939,83178],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83942,83943],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[35,83945,83947],{"className":37,"code":83946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83948,83949,83957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83950,83951,83953,83955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83952,1551],{"class":50},[44,83954,55],{"class":54},[44,83956,8334],{"class":58},[44,83958,83959,83961,83963,83965,83967,83969,83971,83973,83975,83977],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83960,136],{"class":135},[44,83962,120],{"class":58},[44,83964,82882],{"class":135},[44,83966,120],{"class":58},[44,83968,1579],{"class":116},[44,83970,83],{"class":58},[44,83972,433],{"class":9668},[44,83974,55],{"class":54},[44,83976,2626],{"class":95},[44,83978,2239],{"class":58},[20,83980,2576],{},[35,83982,83983],{"className":37,"code":47488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83984,83985],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83986,83987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83988,47488],{"class":95},[20,83990,83991],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83993,83994,83995,83997],{},"Without ",[15,83996,83178],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83999,52318],{},[35,84001,84003],{"className":37,"code":84002,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,84004,84005,84013,84040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84006,84007,84009,84011],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84008,4573],{"class":50},[44,84010,55],{"class":54},[44,84012,8334],{"class":58},[44,84014,84015,84017,84019,84021,84023,84025,84027,84029,84031,84033,84036,84038],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84016,1953],{"class":50},[44,84018,55],{"class":54},[44,84020,83229],{"class":135},[44,84022,120],{"class":58},[44,84024,4617],{"class":116},[44,84026,83],{"class":58},[44,84028,433],{"class":9668},[44,84030,55],{"class":54},[44,84032,63],{"class":62},[44,84034,84035],{"class":66},"no words found",[44,84037,63],{"class":62},[44,84039,129],{"class":58},[44,84041,84042,84044,84046,84048],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,84043,136],{"class":135},[44,84045,120],{"class":58},[44,84047,1984],{"class":116},[44,84049,129],{"class":58},[20,84051,2576],{},[35,84053,84055],{"className":37,"code":84054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"no words found\n",[15,84056,84057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84058,84059],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84060,84054],{"class":50},[20,84062,84063],{},"Important:",[252,84065,84066,84074],{},[255,84067,84068,84070,84071],{},[15,84069,83178],{}," works with ",[15,84072,84073],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[255,84075,41139,84076,84078,84079],{},[590,84077,592],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,84080,84081],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[30,84083,48223],{"id":48222},[20,84085,84086,84087,113],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,84088,82823],{},[981,84090,84092,84094],{"id":84091},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,84093,40937],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,84096,84097,84098,46144,84100,113],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,84099,83178],{},[15,84101,40937],{},[35,84103,84105],{"className":37,"code":84104,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,84106,84107,84115],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84108,84109,84111,84113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84110,1551],{"class":50},[44,84112,55],{"class":54},[44,84114,8334],{"class":58},[44,84116,84117,84119,84121,84123,84125,84127],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84118,136],{"class":135},[44,84120,120],{"class":58},[44,84122,82882],{"class":135},[44,84124,120],{"class":58},[44,84126,1579],{"class":116},[44,84128,2239],{"class":58},[20,84130,29905],{},[35,84132,84134],{"className":37,"code":84133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,84135,84136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84137,84138,84140,84142,84144,84146,84149,84151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84139,40937],{"class":2248},[44,84141,72],{"class":58},[44,84143,83229],{"class":135},[44,84145,7862],{"class":58},[44,84147,84148],{"class":50}," arg ",[44,84150,12666],{"class":54},[44,84152,84153],{"class":50}," an empty sequence\n",[20,84155,84156,84157,72],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84158,83178],{},[35,84160,84162],{"className":37,"code":84161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84163,84164,84172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84165,84166,84168,84170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84167,1551],{"class":50},[44,84169,55],{"class":54},[44,84171,8334],{"class":58},[44,84173,84174,84176,84178,84180,84182,84184,84186,84188,84190,84192],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84175,136],{"class":135},[44,84177,120],{"class":58},[44,84179,82882],{"class":135},[44,84181,120],{"class":58},[44,84183,1579],{"class":116},[44,84185,83],{"class":58},[44,84187,433],{"class":9668},[44,84189,55],{"class":54},[44,84191,4282],{"class":1266},[44,84193,2239],{"class":58},[20,84195,84196,84197,113],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[625,84198,66081],{"href":73120},[981,84200,84202,84204],{"id":84201},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84203,3511],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84206,84207,84208,113],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84209,3511],{},[35,84211,84213],{"className":37,"code":84212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84214,84215,84239],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84216,84217,84219,84221,84223,84225,84227,84229,84231,84233,84235,84237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84218,8276],{"class":50},[44,84220,55],{"class":54},[44,84222,1556],{"class":58},[44,84224,1559],{"class":95},[44,84226,83],{"class":58},[44,84228,75],{"class":62},[44,84230,16210],{"class":66},[44,84232,63],{"class":62},[44,84234,83],{"class":58},[44,84236,1568],{"class":95},[44,84238,1153],{"class":58},[44,84240,84241,84243,84245,84247,84249,84251],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84242,136],{"class":135},[44,84244,120],{"class":58},[44,84246,82882],{"class":135},[44,84248,120],{"class":58},[44,84250,8305],{"class":116},[44,84252,2239],{"class":58},[20,84254,84255],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84257,84258],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[35,84260,84262],{"className":37,"code":84261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84263,84264,84284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84265,84266,84268,84270,84272,84274,84276,84278,84280,84282],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84267,8276],{"class":50},[44,84269,55],{"class":54},[44,84271,1556],{"class":58},[44,84273,1559],{"class":95},[44,84275,83],{"class":58},[44,84277,646],{"class":95},[44,84279,83],{"class":58},[44,84281,1568],{"class":95},[44,84283,1153],{"class":58},[44,84285,84286,84288,84290,84292,84294,84296],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84287,136],{"class":135},[44,84289,120],{"class":58},[44,84291,82882],{"class":135},[44,84293,120],{"class":58},[44,84295,8305],{"class":116},[44,84297,2239],{"class":58},[20,84299,84300,84301,113],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[625,84302,84304],{"href":84303},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[981,84306,84308,84310],{"id":84307},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84309,3511],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84312,84313,84315],{},[15,84314,82823],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[35,84317,84319],{"className":37,"code":84318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(max())\n",[15,84320,84321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84322,84323,84325,84327,84329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84324,136],{"class":135},[44,84326,120],{"class":58},[44,84328,82882],{"class":135},[44,84330,2188],{"class":58},[20,84332,3508,84333,113],{},[15,84334,3511],{},[30,84336,84338,967,84340],{"id":84337},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84339,82823],{},[15,84341,74666],{},[20,84343,84344],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84346,84347,72],{},[15,84348,82823],{},[252,84350,84351],{},[255,84352,84353],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84355,84356,72],{},[15,84357,74666],{},[252,84359,84360],{},[255,84361,84362],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84364,269],{},[35,84366,84368],{"className":37,"code":84367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84369,84370,84394,84398,84412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84371,84372,84374,84376,84378,84380,84382,84384,84386,84388,84390,84392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84373,1551],{"class":50},[44,84375,55],{"class":54},[44,84377,1556],{"class":58},[44,84379,2567],{"class":95},[44,84381,83],{"class":58},[44,84383,6861],{"class":95},[44,84385,83],{"class":58},[44,84387,1717],{"class":95},[44,84389,83],{"class":58},[44,84391,5108],{"class":95},[44,84393,1153],{"class":58},[44,84395,84396],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84397,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,84399,84400,84402,84404,84406,84408,84410],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,84401,136],{"class":135},[44,84403,120],{"class":58},[44,84405,82882],{"class":135},[44,84407,120],{"class":58},[44,84409,1579],{"class":116},[44,84411,2239],{"class":58},[44,84413,84414,84416,84418,84420,84422,84424],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,84415,136],{"class":135},[44,84417,120],{"class":58},[44,84419,74756],{"class":135},[44,84421,120],{"class":58},[44,84423,1579],{"class":116},[44,84425,2239],{"class":58},[20,84427,2576],{},[35,84429,84431],{"className":37,"code":84430,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84432,84433,84437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84434,84435],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84436,2885],{"class":95},[44,84438,84439,84441,84443,84445,84447,84449,84451,84453,84455],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84440,896],{"class":58},[44,84442,2561],{"class":95},[44,84444,83],{"class":58},[44,84446,2955],{"class":95},[44,84448,83],{"class":58},[44,84450,5108],{"class":95},[44,84452,83],{"class":58},[44,84454,6861],{"class":95},[44,84456,1153],{"class":58},[20,84458,227,84459,84461],{},[15,84460,82823],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84463,227,84464,84468],{},[625,84465,84466],{"href":74763},[15,84467,74666],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84470,84471,84472,113],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[625,84473,84475],{"href":84474},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84476,84477],{},"min()",[30,84479,3335],{"id":3334},[20,84481,84482],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[252,84484,84485,84492,84495,84500,84503],{},[255,84486,29874,84487,84489,84490],{},[15,84488,82823],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84491,83178],{},[255,84493,84494],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[255,84496,1904,84497,84499],{},[15,84498,82823],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[255,84501,84502],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[255,84504,1785,84505,84507],{},[15,84506,83178],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84509,11592],{},[35,84511,84513],{"className":37,"code":84512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84514,84515,84525,84539,84553,84567,84589],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84516,84517,84519,84521,84523],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84518,136],{"class":135},[44,84520,120],{"class":58},[44,84522,8305],{"class":116},[44,84524,129],{"class":58},[44,84526,84527,84529,84531,84533,84535,84537],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84528,136],{"class":135},[44,84530,120],{"class":58},[44,84532,2249],{"class":2248},[44,84534,120],{"class":58},[44,84536,8305],{"class":116},[44,84538,2239],{"class":58},[44,84540,84541,84543,84545,84547,84549,84551],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,84542,136],{"class":135},[44,84544,120],{"class":58},[44,84546,11641],{"class":135},[44,84548,120],{"class":58},[44,84550,8305],{"class":116},[44,84552,2239],{"class":58},[44,84554,84555,84557,84559,84561,84563,84565],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,84556,136],{"class":135},[44,84558,120],{"class":58},[44,84560,82882],{"class":135},[44,84562,120],{"class":58},[44,84564,8305],{"class":116},[44,84566,2239],{"class":58},[44,84568,84569,84571,84573,84575,84577,84579,84581,84583,84585,84587],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,84570,136],{"class":135},[44,84572,120],{"class":58},[44,84574,82882],{"class":135},[44,84576,120],{"class":58},[44,84578,8305],{"class":116},[44,84580,83],{"class":58},[44,84582,433],{"class":9668},[44,84584,55],{"class":54},[44,84586,4282],{"class":1266},[44,84588,2239],{"class":58},[44,84590,84591,84593,84595,84597,84599,84601,84603,84605,84607,84609,84611],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,84592,136],{"class":135},[44,84594,3492],{"class":58},[44,84596,2249],{"class":2248},[44,84598,120],{"class":58},[44,84600,1696],{"class":116},[44,84602,144],{"class":58},[44,84604,4379],{"class":1140},[44,84606,4382],{"class":116},[44,84608,4385],{"class":1140},[44,84610,6467],{"class":116},[44,84612,4391],{"class":58},[20,84614,84615],{},"These are useful for checking:",[252,84617,84618,84623,84628,84631],{},[255,84619,84620,84621],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84622,8305],{},[255,84624,79993,84625,84627],{},[15,84626,8305],{}," is a list or some other type",[255,84629,84630],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[255,84632,84633],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84635,69589,84636,84639,84640,84642],{},[15,84637,84638],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84641,8305],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[30,84644,2301],{"id":2300},[981,84646,5643,84648,5646],{"id":84647},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84649,82823],{},[20,84651,84652],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[981,84654,5671,84656,84658],{"id":84655},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84657,82823],{}," work with strings?",[20,84660,84661],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[981,84663,71888],{"id":71887},[20,84665,84666,52733,84668,84670,84671,84673],{},[15,84667,82823],{},[15,84669,40937],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84672,83178],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[981,84675,84677,84678,2363],{"id":84676},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84679,82823],{},[20,84681,227,84682,72],{},[15,84683,83731],{},[35,84685,84686],{"className":37,"code":83659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84687,84688,84720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84689,84690,84692,84694,84696,84698,84700,84702,84704,84706,84708,84710,84712,84714,84716,84718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84691,4573],{"class":50},[44,84693,55],{"class":54},[44,84695,1556],{"class":58},[44,84697,63],{"class":62},[44,84699,37278],{"class":66},[44,84701,63],{"class":62},[44,84703,83],{"class":58},[44,84705,75],{"class":62},[44,84707,68568],{"class":66},[44,84709,63],{"class":62},[44,84711,83],{"class":58},[44,84713,75],{"class":62},[44,84715,58367],{"class":66},[44,84717,63],{"class":62},[44,84719,1153],{"class":58},[44,84721,84722,84724,84726,84728,84730,84732,84734,84736,84738,84740],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84723,136],{"class":135},[44,84725,120],{"class":58},[44,84727,82882],{"class":135},[44,84729,120],{"class":58},[44,84731,4617],{"class":116},[44,84733,83],{"class":58},[44,84735,22018],{"class":9668},[44,84737,55],{"class":54},[44,84739,11641],{"class":135},[44,84741,2239],{"class":58},[981,84743,2358,84745,976,84747,2363],{"id":84744},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84746,82823],{},[15,84748,74666],{},[20,84750,84751,84753,84754,84756],{},[15,84752,82823],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84755,74666],{}," returns all items in order.",[30,84758,2375],{"id":2374},[252,84760,84761,84767,84773,84779,84783,84787],{},[255,84762,84763],{},[625,84764,84765,4016],{"href":84474},[15,84766,84477],{},[255,84768,84769],{},[625,84770,84771,4016],{"href":74763},[15,84772,74666],{},[255,84774,84775],{},[625,84776,84777,4016],{"href":42592},[15,84778,42595],{},[255,84780,84781],{},[625,84782,59196],{"href":59195},[255,84784,84785],{},[625,84786,66081],{"href":73120},[255,84788,84789],{},[625,84790,84304],{"href":84303},[2414,84792,84793],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":84795},[84796,84797,84799,84800,84802,84804,84806,84811,84813,84821,84823,84824,84835],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":83013,"depth":102,"text":84798},"What max() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":83182,"depth":102,"text":84801},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83352,"depth":102,"text":84803},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83487,"depth":102,"text":84805},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78944,"depth":102,"text":80142,"children":84807},[84808,84809,84810],{"id":83655,"depth":132,"text":83656},{"id":83744,"depth":132,"text":83745},{"id":83826,"depth":132,"text":83827},{"id":83933,"depth":102,"text":84812},"Using the default argument",{"id":48222,"depth":102,"text":48223,"children":84814},[84815,84817,84819],{"id":84091,"depth":132,"text":84816},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84201,"depth":132,"text":84818},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84307,"depth":132,"text":84820},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84337,"depth":102,"text":84822},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":84825},[84826,84828,84830,84831,84833],{"id":84647,"depth":132,"text":84827},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84655,"depth":132,"text":84829},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71887,"depth":132,"text":71888},{"id":84676,"depth":132,"text":84832},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84744,"depth":132,"text":84834},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82815,"description":84836},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84843,"title":84844,"body":84845,"description":86799,"extension":2465,"meta":86800,"navigation":169,"path":86801,"seo":86802,"stem":86803,"__hash__":86804},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84846,"toc":86756},[84847,84852,84857,84863,84865,84939,84941,84954,84959,84964,84980,84984,84989,85065,85071,85074,85117,85119,85127,85133,85136,85167,85169,85177,85183,85188,85247,85249,85258,85261,85271,85277,85282,85317,85319,85327,85333,85339,85344,85388,85390,85399,85402,85442,85444,85453,85456,85468,85473,85478,85529,85531,85540,85543,85594,85596,85605,85608,85615,85621,85626,85628,85643,85647,85707,85709,85718,85722,85894,85896,85933,85940,85946,85949,85976,85978,85999,86004,86039,86041,86049,86052,86055,86071,86076,86078,86082,86088,86092,86119,86122,86132,86172,86176,86179,86222,86224,86233,86236,86241,86310,86312,86320,86325,86329,86332,86383,86385,86393,86396,86459,86461,86469,86472,86477,86481,86494,86501,86509,86511,86513,86543,86549,86650,86660,86662,86667,86670,86675,86678,86680,86688,86696,86704,86711,86719,86721,86753],[10,84848,4083,84850,4087],{"id":84849},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84851,84477],{},[20,84853,84854,84856],{},[15,84855,84477],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84858,84859,84860,84862],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84861,84477],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[30,84864,2507],{"id":2506},[35,84866,84868],{"className":37,"code":84867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84869,84870,84894,84909,84913],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84871,84872,84874,84876,84878,84880,84882,84884,84886,84888,84890,84892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84873,1551],{"class":50},[44,84875,55],{"class":54},[44,84877,1556],{"class":58},[44,84879,2643],{"class":95},[44,84881,83],{"class":58},[44,84883,1717],{"class":95},[44,84885,83],{"class":58},[44,84887,54375],{"class":95},[44,84889,83],{"class":58},[44,84891,1703],{"class":95},[44,84893,1153],{"class":58},[44,84895,84896,84898,84900,84903,84905,84907],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84897,136],{"class":135},[44,84899,120],{"class":58},[44,84901,84902],{"class":135},"min",[44,84904,120],{"class":58},[44,84906,1579],{"class":116},[44,84908,2239],{"class":58},[44,84910,84911],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,84912,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,84914,84915,84917,84919,84921,84923,84925,84927,84929,84931,84933,84935,84937],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,84916,136],{"class":135},[44,84918,120],{"class":58},[44,84920,84902],{"class":135},[44,84922,120],{"class":58},[44,84924,2643],{"class":95},[44,84926,83],{"class":58},[44,84928,1717],{"class":95},[44,84930,83],{"class":58},[44,84932,54375],{"class":95},[44,84934,83],{"class":58},[44,84936,1703],{"class":95},[44,84938,2239],{"class":58},[20,84940,2576],{},[35,84942,84944],{"className":37,"code":84943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n1\n",[15,84945,84946,84950],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84947,84948],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84949,47153],{"class":95},[44,84951,84952],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84953,47153],{"class":95},[20,84955,227,84956,84958],{},[15,84957,84477],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[30,84960,243,84962,246],{"id":84961},"what-min-does",[15,84963,84477],{},[252,84965,84966,84971,84974,84977],{},[255,84967,84968,84970],{},[15,84969,84477],{}," returns the smallest item",[255,84972,84973],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[255,84975,84976],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[255,84978,84979],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[30,84981,84983],{"id":84982},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84985,84986,84987,72],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84988,84477],{},[35,84990,84992],{"className":37,"code":84991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84993,84994,85004,85029,85047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84995,84996,84998,85000,85002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84997,84902],{"class":135},[44,84999,120],{"class":58},[44,85001,4224],{"class":116},[44,85003,129],{"class":58},[44,85005,85006,85008,85010,85013,85015,85018,85020,85023,85025,85027],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85007,84902],{"class":135},[44,85009,120],{"class":58},[44,85011,85012],{"class":116},"value1",[44,85014,83],{"class":58},[44,85016,85017],{"class":116}," value2",[44,85019,83],{"class":58},[44,85021,85022],{"class":116}," value3",[44,85024,83],{"class":58},[44,85026,34681],{"class":135},[44,85028,129],{"class":58},[44,85030,85031,85033,85035,85037,85039,85041,85043,85045],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,85032,84902],{"class":135},[44,85034,120],{"class":58},[44,85036,4224],{"class":116},[44,85038,83],{"class":58},[44,85040,22018],{"class":9668},[44,85042,55],{"class":54},[44,85044,37602],{"class":135},[44,85046,129],{"class":58},[44,85048,85049,85051,85053,85055,85057,85059,85061,85063],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,85050,84902],{"class":135},[44,85052,120],{"class":58},[44,85054,4224],{"class":116},[44,85056,83],{"class":58},[44,85058,433],{"class":9668},[44,85060,55],{"class":54},[44,85062,37602],{"class":135},[44,85064,129],{"class":58},[981,85066,85068],{"id":85067},"miniterable",[15,85069,85070],{},"min(iterable)",[20,85072,85073],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[35,85075,85077],{"className":37,"code":85076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85078,85079,85103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85080,85081,85083,85085,85087,85089,85091,85093,85095,85097,85099,85101],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85082,1551],{"class":50},[44,85084,55],{"class":54},[44,85086,1556],{"class":58},[44,85088,2849],{"class":95},[44,85090,83],{"class":58},[44,85092,2955],{"class":95},[44,85094,83],{"class":58},[44,85096,31168],{"class":95},[44,85098,83],{"class":58},[44,85100,1703],{"class":95},[44,85102,1153],{"class":58},[44,85104,85105,85107,85109,85111,85113,85115],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85106,136],{"class":135},[44,85108,120],{"class":58},[44,85110,84902],{"class":135},[44,85112,120],{"class":58},[44,85114,1579],{"class":116},[44,85116,2239],{"class":58},[20,85118,2576],{},[35,85120,85121],{"className":37,"code":47153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85122,85123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85124,85125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85126,47153],{"class":95},[981,85128,85130],{"id":85129},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,85131,85132],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,85134,85135],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[35,85137,85139],{"className":37,"code":85138,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,85140,85141],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85142,85143,85145,85147,85149,85151,85153,85155,85157,85159,85161,85163,85165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85144,136],{"class":135},[44,85146,120],{"class":58},[44,85148,84902],{"class":135},[44,85150,120],{"class":58},[44,85152,2849],{"class":95},[44,85154,83],{"class":58},[44,85156,2955],{"class":95},[44,85158,83],{"class":58},[44,85160,31168],{"class":95},[44,85162,83],{"class":58},[44,85164,1703],{"class":95},[44,85166,2239],{"class":58},[20,85168,2576],{},[35,85170,85171],{"className":37,"code":47153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85172,85173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85174,85175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85176,47153],{"class":95},[981,85178,85180],{"id":85179},"miniterable-key",[15,85181,85182],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85184,227,85185,85187],{},[15,85186,414],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[35,85189,85191],{"className":37,"code":85190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85192,85193,85225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85194,85195,85197,85199,85201,85203,85205,85207,85209,85211,85213,85215,85217,85219,85221,85223],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85196,4573],{"class":50},[44,85198,55],{"class":54},[44,85200,1556],{"class":58},[44,85202,63],{"class":62},[44,85204,78986],{"class":66},[44,85206,63],{"class":62},[44,85208,83],{"class":58},[44,85210,75],{"class":62},[44,85212,38573],{"class":66},[44,85214,63],{"class":62},[44,85216,83],{"class":58},[44,85218,75],{"class":62},[44,85220,4591],{"class":66},[44,85222,63],{"class":62},[44,85224,1153],{"class":58},[44,85226,85227,85229,85231,85233,85235,85237,85239,85241,85243,85245],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85228,136],{"class":135},[44,85230,120],{"class":58},[44,85232,84902],{"class":135},[44,85234,120],{"class":58},[44,85236,4617],{"class":116},[44,85238,83],{"class":58},[44,85240,22018],{"class":9668},[44,85242,55],{"class":54},[44,85244,11641],{"class":135},[44,85246,2239],{"class":58},[20,85248,2576],{},[35,85250,85252],{"className":37,"code":85251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"kiwi\n",[15,85253,85254],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85255,85256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85257,85251],{"class":50},[20,85259,85260],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85262,85263,85264,85266,85267,113],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85265,42595],{},", see the ",[625,85268,85269,4016],{"href":42592},[15,85270,42595],{},[981,85272,85274],{"id":85273},"miniterable-default",[15,85275,85276],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85278,227,85279,85281],{},[15,85280,83178],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[35,85283,85285],{"className":37,"code":85284,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85286,85287,85295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85288,85289,85291,85293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85290,1551],{"class":50},[44,85292,55],{"class":54},[44,85294,8334],{"class":58},[44,85296,85297,85299,85301,85303,85305,85307,85309,85311,85313,85315],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85298,136],{"class":135},[44,85300,120],{"class":58},[44,85302,84902],{"class":135},[44,85304,120],{"class":58},[44,85306,1579],{"class":116},[44,85308,83],{"class":58},[44,85310,433],{"class":9668},[44,85312,55],{"class":54},[44,85314,2626],{"class":95},[44,85316,2239],{"class":58},[20,85318,2576],{},[35,85320,85321],{"className":37,"code":47488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85322,85323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85324,85325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85326,47488],{"class":95},[20,85328,85329,85330,85332],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85331,40937],{}," when there is no item to return.",[30,85334,1785,85336,85338],{"id":85335},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85337,84477],{}," with numbers",[20,85340,85341,85343],{},[15,85342,84477],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[35,85345,85347],{"className":37,"code":85346,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85348,85349,85374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85350,85351,85353,85355,85357,85359,85361,85364,85366,85368,85370,85372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85352,472],{"class":50},[44,85354,55],{"class":54},[44,85356,1556],{"class":58},[44,85358,51743],{"class":95},[44,85360,83],{"class":58},[44,85362,85363],{"class":95}," 72",[44,85365,83],{"class":58},[44,85367,29130],{"class":95},[44,85369,83],{"class":58},[44,85371,76342],{"class":95},[44,85373,1153],{"class":58},[44,85375,85376,85378,85380,85382,85384,85386],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85377,136],{"class":135},[44,85379,120],{"class":58},[44,85381,84902],{"class":135},[44,85383,120],{"class":58},[44,85385,517],{"class":116},[44,85387,2239],{"class":58},[20,85389,2576],{},[35,85391,85393],{"className":37,"code":85392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"60\n",[15,85394,85395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85396,85397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85398,85392],{"class":95},[20,85400,85401],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[35,85403,85405],{"className":37,"code":85404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85406,85407,85428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85408,85409,85411,85413,85415,85417,85419,85422,85424,85426],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85410,83290],{"class":50},[44,85412,55],{"class":54},[44,85414,1556],{"class":58},[44,85416,40631],{"class":95},[44,85418,83],{"class":58},[44,85420,85421],{"class":95}," 5.49",[44,85423,83],{"class":58},[44,85425,83306],{"class":95},[44,85427,1153],{"class":58},[44,85429,85430,85432,85434,85436,85438,85440],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85431,136],{"class":135},[44,85433,120],{"class":58},[44,85435,84902],{"class":135},[44,85437,120],{"class":58},[44,85439,83326],{"class":116},[44,85441,2239],{"class":58},[20,85443,2576],{},[35,85445,85447],{"className":37,"code":85446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.49\n",[15,85448,85449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85450,85451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85452,85446],{"class":95},[20,85454,85455],{},"This is useful for things like:",[252,85457,85458,85460,85462,85465],{},[255,85459,517],{},[255,85461,83326],{},[255,85463,85464],{},"measurements",[255,85466,85467],{},"ages",[30,85469,1785,85471,47295],{"id":85470},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85472,84477],{},[20,85474,85475,85477],{},[15,85476,84477],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[35,85479,85481],{"className":37,"code":85480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85482,85483,85515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85484,85485,85487,85489,85491,85493,85495,85497,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507,85509,85511,85513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85486,4573],{"class":50},[44,85488,55],{"class":54},[44,85490,1556],{"class":58},[44,85492,63],{"class":62},[44,85494,4591],{"class":66},[44,85496,63],{"class":62},[44,85498,83],{"class":58},[44,85500,75],{"class":62},[44,85502,4582],{"class":66},[44,85504,63],{"class":62},[44,85506,83],{"class":58},[44,85508,75],{"class":62},[44,85510,4600],{"class":66},[44,85512,63],{"class":62},[44,85514,1153],{"class":58},[44,85516,85517,85519,85521,85523,85525,85527],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85518,136],{"class":135},[44,85520,120],{"class":58},[44,85522,84902],{"class":135},[44,85524,120],{"class":58},[44,85526,4617],{"class":116},[44,85528,2239],{"class":58},[20,85530,2576],{},[35,85532,85534],{"className":37,"code":85533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apple\n",[15,85535,85536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85537,85538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85539,85533],{"class":50},[20,85541,85542],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[35,85544,85546],{"className":37,"code":85545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85547,85548,85580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85549,85550,85552,85554,85556,85558,85560,85562,85564,85566,85568,85570,85572,85574,85576,85578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85551,4573],{"class":50},[44,85553,55],{"class":54},[44,85555,1556],{"class":58},[44,85557,63],{"class":62},[44,85559,4591],{"class":66},[44,85561,63],{"class":62},[44,85563,83],{"class":58},[44,85565,75],{"class":62},[44,85567,58008],{"class":66},[44,85569,63],{"class":62},[44,85571,83],{"class":58},[44,85573,75],{"class":62},[44,85575,4600],{"class":66},[44,85577,63],{"class":62},[44,85579,1153],{"class":58},[44,85581,85582,85584,85586,85588,85590,85592],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85583,136],{"class":135},[44,85585,120],{"class":58},[44,85587,84902],{"class":135},[44,85589,120],{"class":58},[44,85591,4617],{"class":116},[44,85593,2239],{"class":58},[20,85595,2576],{},[35,85597,85599],{"className":37,"code":85598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Apple\n",[15,85600,85601],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85602,85603],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85604,85598],{"class":50},[20,85606,85607],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85609,85610,85611,113],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[625,85612,85613,6284],{"href":74763},[15,85614,74666],{},[30,85616,1785,85618,85620],{"id":85617},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85619,84477],{}," with a key function",[20,85622,2482,85623,85625],{},[15,85624,414],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85627,11935],{},[252,85629,85630,85635,85640],{},[255,85631,85632,85634],{},[15,85633,414],{}," changes the comparison rule",[255,85636,85637,85639],{},[15,85638,84477],{}," still returns the original item",[255,85641,85642],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[981,85644,85646],{"id":85645},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[35,85648,85650],{"className":37,"code":85649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85651,85652,85685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85653,85654,85656,85658,85660,85662,85664,85666,85668,85670,85672,85674,85676,85678,85681,85683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85655,4573],{"class":50},[44,85657,55],{"class":54},[44,85659,1556],{"class":58},[44,85661,63],{"class":62},[44,85663,68568],{"class":66},[44,85665,63],{"class":62},[44,85667,83],{"class":58},[44,85669,75],{"class":62},[44,85671,37278],{"class":66},[44,85673,63],{"class":62},[44,85675,83],{"class":58},[44,85677,75],{"class":62},[44,85679,85680],{"class":66},"giraffe",[44,85682,63],{"class":62},[44,85684,1153],{"class":58},[44,85686,85687,85689,85691,85693,85695,85697,85699,85701,85703,85705],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85688,136],{"class":135},[44,85690,120],{"class":58},[44,85692,84902],{"class":135},[44,85694,120],{"class":58},[44,85696,4617],{"class":116},[44,85698,83],{"class":58},[44,85700,22018],{"class":9668},[44,85702,55],{"class":54},[44,85704,11641],{"class":135},[44,85706,2239],{"class":58},[20,85708,2576],{},[35,85710,85712],{"className":37,"code":85711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cat\n",[15,85713,85714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85715,85716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85717,85711],{"class":50},[981,85719,85721],{"id":85720},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[35,85723,85725],{"className":37,"code":85724,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85726,85727,85737,85772,85804,85836,85840,85844,85883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85728,85729,85732,85734],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85730,85731],{"class":50},"students ",[44,85733,55],{"class":54},[44,85735,85736],{"class":58}," [\n",[44,85738,85739,85742,85744,85746,85748,85750,85752,85754,85756,85758,85760,85763,85765,85767,85769],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85740,85741],{"class":58},"    {",[44,85743,63],{"class":62},[44,85745,67],{"class":66},[44,85747,63],{"class":62},[44,85749,72],{"class":58},[44,85751,75],{"class":62},[44,85753,78],{"class":66},[44,85755,63],{"class":62},[44,85757,83],{"class":58},[44,85759,75],{"class":62},[44,85761,85762],{"class":66},"score",[44,85764,63],{"class":62},[44,85766,72],{"class":58},[44,85768,502],{"class":95},[44,85770,85771],{"class":58},"},\n",[44,85773,85774,85776,85778,85780,85782,85784,85786,85788,85790,85792,85794,85796,85798,85800,85802],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,85775,85741],{"class":58},[44,85777,63],{"class":62},[44,85779,67],{"class":66},[44,85781,63],{"class":62},[44,85783,72],{"class":58},[44,85785,75],{"class":62},[44,85787,36170],{"class":66},[44,85789,63],{"class":62},[44,85791,83],{"class":58},[44,85793,75],{"class":62},[44,85795,85762],{"class":66},[44,85797,63],{"class":62},[44,85799,72],{"class":58},[44,85801,85363],{"class":95},[44,85803,85771],{"class":58},[44,85805,85806,85808,85810,85812,85814,85816,85818,85820,85822,85824,85826,85828,85830,85832,85834],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,85807,85741],{"class":58},[44,85809,63],{"class":62},[44,85811,67],{"class":66},[44,85813,63],{"class":62},[44,85815,72],{"class":58},[44,85817,75],{"class":62},[44,85819,36179],{"class":66},[44,85821,63],{"class":62},[44,85823,83],{"class":58},[44,85825,75],{"class":62},[44,85827,85762],{"class":66},[44,85829,63],{"class":62},[44,85831,72],{"class":58},[44,85833,488],{"class":95},[44,85835,99],{"class":58},[44,85837,85838],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,85839,1153],{"class":58},[44,85841,85842],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,85843,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,85845,85846,85849,85851,85854,85856,85859,85861,85863,85865,85867,85869,85871,85873,85875,85877,85879,85881],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,85847,85848],{"class":50},"lowest ",[44,85850,55],{"class":54},[44,85852,85853],{"class":135}," min",[44,85855,120],{"class":58},[44,85857,85858],{"class":116},"students",[44,85860,83],{"class":58},[44,85862,22018],{"class":9668},[44,85864,55],{"class":54},[44,85866,37891],{"class":2570},[44,85868,13369],{"class":37894},[44,85870,72],{"class":58},[44,85872,13369],{"class":116},[44,85874,896],{"class":58},[44,85876,63],{"class":62},[44,85878,85762],{"class":66},[44,85880,63],{"class":62},[44,85882,4391],{"class":58},[44,85884,85885,85887,85889,85892],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,85886,136],{"class":135},[44,85888,120],{"class":58},[44,85890,85891],{"class":116},"lowest",[44,85893,129],{"class":58},[20,85895,2576],{},[35,85897,85899],{"className":37,"code":85898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85900,85901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85902,85903,85905,85907,85909,85911,85913,85915,85917,85919,85921,85923,85925,85927,85929,85931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85904,9770],{"class":58},[44,85906,2197],{"class":62},[44,85908,67],{"class":66},[44,85910,2197],{"class":62},[44,85912,72],{"class":58},[44,85914,2232],{"class":62},[44,85916,36170],{"class":66},[44,85918,2197],{"class":62},[44,85920,83],{"class":58},[44,85922,2232],{"class":62},[44,85924,85762],{"class":66},[44,85926,2197],{"class":62},[44,85928,72],{"class":58},[44,85930,85363],{"class":95},[44,85932,99],{"class":58},[20,85934,85935,85936,85939],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85937,85938],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[30,85941,1785,85943,85945],{"id":85942},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85944,83178],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85947,85948],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[35,85950,85952],{"className":37,"code":85951,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85953,85954,85962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85955,85956,85958,85960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85957,1551],{"class":50},[44,85959,55],{"class":54},[44,85961,8334],{"class":58},[44,85963,85964,85966,85968,85970,85972,85974],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85965,136],{"class":135},[44,85967,120],{"class":58},[44,85969,84902],{"class":135},[44,85971,120],{"class":58},[44,85973,1579],{"class":116},[44,85975,2239],{"class":58},[20,85977,2576],{},[35,85979,85981],{"className":37,"code":85980,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85982,85983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85984,85985,85987,85989,85991,85993,85995,85997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85986,40937],{"class":2248},[44,85988,72],{"class":58},[44,85990,85853],{"class":135},[44,85992,7862],{"class":58},[44,85994,84148],{"class":50},[44,85996,12666],{"class":54},[44,85998,84153],{"class":50},[20,86000,86001,86002,72],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,86003,83178],{},[35,86005,86007],{"className":37,"code":86006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,86008,86009,86017],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86010,86011,86013,86015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86012,1551],{"class":50},[44,86014,55],{"class":54},[44,86016,8334],{"class":58},[44,86018,86019,86021,86023,86025,86027,86029,86031,86033,86035,86037],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86020,136],{"class":135},[44,86022,120],{"class":58},[44,86024,84902],{"class":135},[44,86026,120],{"class":58},[44,86028,1579],{"class":116},[44,86030,83],{"class":58},[44,86032,433],{"class":9668},[44,86034,55],{"class":54},[44,86036,4282],{"class":1266},[44,86038,2239],{"class":58},[20,86040,2576],{},[35,86042,86043],{"className":37,"code":12280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,86044,86045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86046,86047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86048,12280],{"class":1266},[20,86050,86051],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,86053,86054],{},"Remember:",[252,86056,86057,86065],{},[255,86058,86059,86061,86062,86064],{},[15,86060,83178],{}," works only when ",[15,86063,84477],{}," gets one iterable argument",[255,86066,86067,86068],{},"It does not work with ",[15,86069,86070],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,86072,86073,86074,113],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[625,86075,66081],{"href":73120},[30,86077,11225],{"id":11224},[20,86079,57015,86080,113],{},[15,86081,84477],{},[981,86083,86085,86086],{"id":86084},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,86087,83178],{},[20,86089,3508,86090,72],{},[15,86091,40937],{},[35,86093,86095],{"className":37,"code":86094,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,86096,86097,86105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86098,86099,86101,86103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86100,8276],{"class":50},[44,86102,55],{"class":54},[44,86104,8334],{"class":58},[44,86106,86107,86109,86111,86113,86115,86117],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86108,136],{"class":135},[44,86110,120],{"class":58},[44,86112,84902],{"class":135},[44,86114,120],{"class":58},[44,86116,8305],{"class":116},[44,86118,2239],{"class":58},[20,86120,86121],{},"Fix it by:",[252,86123,86124,86127],{},[255,86125,86126],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[255,86128,86129,86130],{},"or using ",[15,86131,83178],{},[35,86133,86135],{"className":37,"code":86134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,86136,86137,86145],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86138,86139,86141,86143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86140,8276],{"class":50},[44,86142,55],{"class":54},[44,86144,8334],{"class":58},[44,86146,86147,86149,86151,86153,86155,86157,86159,86161,86163,86165,86168,86170],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86148,136],{"class":135},[44,86150,120],{"class":58},[44,86152,84902],{"class":135},[44,86154,120],{"class":58},[44,86156,8305],{"class":116},[44,86158,83],{"class":58},[44,86160,433],{"class":9668},[44,86162,55],{"class":54},[44,86164,63],{"class":62},[44,86166,86167],{"class":66},"no items",[44,86169,63],{"class":62},[44,86171,2239],{"class":58},[981,86173,86175],{"id":86174},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86177,86178],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[35,86180,86182],{"className":37,"code":86181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86183,86184,86208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86185,86186,86188,86190,86192,86194,86196,86198,86200,86202,86204,86206],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86187,616],{"class":50},[44,86189,55],{"class":54},[44,86191,1556],{"class":58},[44,86193,1559],{"class":95},[44,86195,83],{"class":58},[44,86197,75],{"class":62},[44,86199,16210],{"class":66},[44,86201,63],{"class":62},[44,86203,83],{"class":58},[44,86205,5108],{"class":95},[44,86207,1153],{"class":58},[44,86209,86210,86212,86214,86216,86218,86220],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86211,136],{"class":135},[44,86213,120],{"class":58},[44,86215,84902],{"class":135},[44,86217,120],{"class":58},[44,86219,750],{"class":116},[44,86221,2239],{"class":58},[20,86223,2576],{},[35,86225,86227],{"className":37,"code":86226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError\n",[15,86228,86229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86230,86231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86232,86226],{"class":2248},[20,86234,86235],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86237,86238,86239,113],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86240,84477],{},[35,86242,86244],{"className":37,"code":86243,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86245,86246,86270,86296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86247,86248,86250,86252,86254,86256,86258,86260,86262,86264,86266,86268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86249,616],{"class":50},[44,86251,55],{"class":54},[44,86253,1556],{"class":58},[44,86255,1559],{"class":95},[44,86257,83],{"class":58},[44,86259,75],{"class":62},[44,86261,16210],{"class":66},[44,86263,63],{"class":62},[44,86265,83],{"class":58},[44,86267,5108],{"class":95},[44,86269,1153],{"class":58},[44,86271,86272,86274,86276,86278,86280,86282,86284,86286,86288,86290,86292,86294],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86273,1551],{"class":50},[44,86275,55],{"class":54},[44,86277,1556],{"class":58},[44,86279,2694],{"class":2248},[44,86281,120],{"class":58},[44,86283,1696],{"class":116},[44,86285,144],{"class":58},[44,86287,4379],{"class":1140},[44,86289,4382],{"class":50},[44,86291,4385],{"class":1140},[44,86293,662],{"class":50},[44,86295,1153],{"class":58},[44,86297,86298,86300,86302,86304,86306,86308],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,86299,136],{"class":135},[44,86301,120],{"class":58},[44,86303,84902],{"class":135},[44,86305,120],{"class":58},[44,86307,1579],{"class":116},[44,86309,2239],{"class":58},[20,86311,2576],{},[35,86313,86314],{"className":37,"code":3453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,86315,86316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86317,86318],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86319,3453],{"class":95},[20,86321,86322,86323,113],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86324,3511],{},[981,86326,86328],{"id":86327},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86330,86331],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[35,86333,86335],{"className":37,"code":86334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86336,86337,86369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86338,86339,86341,86343,86345,86347,86349,86351,86353,86355,86357,86359,86361,86363,86365,86367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86340,4573],{"class":50},[44,86342,55],{"class":54},[44,86344,1556],{"class":58},[44,86346,63],{"class":62},[44,86348,79802],{"class":66},[44,86350,63],{"class":62},[44,86352,83],{"class":58},[44,86354,75],{"class":62},[44,86356,58008],{"class":66},[44,86358,63],{"class":62},[44,86360,83],{"class":58},[44,86362,75],{"class":62},[44,86364,79819],{"class":66},[44,86366,63],{"class":62},[44,86368,1153],{"class":58},[44,86370,86371,86373,86375,86377,86379,86381],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86372,136],{"class":135},[44,86374,120],{"class":58},[44,86376,84902],{"class":135},[44,86378,120],{"class":58},[44,86380,4617],{"class":116},[44,86382,2239],{"class":58},[20,86384,2576],{},[35,86386,86387],{"className":37,"code":85598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,86388,86389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86390,86391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86392,85598],{"class":50},[20,86394,86395],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[35,86397,86399],{"className":37,"code":86398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86400,86401,86433],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86402,86403,86405,86407,86409,86411,86413,86415,86417,86419,86421,86423,86425,86427,86429,86431],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86404,4573],{"class":50},[44,86406,55],{"class":54},[44,86408,1556],{"class":58},[44,86410,63],{"class":62},[44,86412,79802],{"class":66},[44,86414,63],{"class":62},[44,86416,83],{"class":58},[44,86418,75],{"class":62},[44,86420,58008],{"class":66},[44,86422,63],{"class":62},[44,86424,83],{"class":58},[44,86426,75],{"class":62},[44,86428,79819],{"class":66},[44,86430,63],{"class":62},[44,86432,1153],{"class":58},[44,86434,86435,86437,86439,86441,86443,86445,86447,86449,86451,86453,86455,86457],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86436,136],{"class":135},[44,86438,120],{"class":58},[44,86440,84902],{"class":135},[44,86442,120],{"class":58},[44,86444,4617],{"class":116},[44,86446,83],{"class":58},[44,86448,22018],{"class":9668},[44,86450,55],{"class":54},[44,86452,3950],{"class":2248},[44,86454,113],{"class":58},[44,86456,9135],{"class":25189},[44,86458,2239],{"class":58},[20,86460,2576],{},[35,86462,86463],{"className":37,"code":85598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,86464,86465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86466,86467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86468,85598],{"class":50},[20,86470,86471],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[30,86473,769,86475],{"id":86474},"when-to-use-min",[15,86476,84477],{},[20,86478,227,86479,776],{},[15,86480,84477],{},[252,86482,86483,86486,86491],{},[255,86484,86485],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[255,86487,86488,86489],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86490,414],{},[255,86492,86493],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86495,227,86496,86500],{},[625,86497,86498],{"href":74763},[15,86499,74666],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86502,227,86503,86508],{},[625,86504,86506],{"href":86505},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86507,82823],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[30,86510,3335],{"id":3334},[20,86512,84482],{},[252,86514,86515,86523,86526,86531,86538],{},[255,86516,86517,86518,86520,86521],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86519,84477],{}," without using ",[15,86522,83178],{},[255,86524,86525],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[255,86527,1904,86528,86530],{},[15,86529,84477],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[255,86532,1675,86533,86535,86536,85639],{},[15,86534,414],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86537,84477],{},[255,86539,1785,86540,86542],{},[15,86541,83178],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86544,86545,86546,86548],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86547,84477],{},", these quick checks can help:",[35,86550,86552],{"className":37,"code":86551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86553,86554,86568,86578,86592,86606,86628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86555,86556,86558,86560,86562,86564,86566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86557,136],{"class":135},[44,86559,120],{"class":58},[44,86561,2249],{"class":2248},[44,86563,120],{"class":58},[44,86565,750],{"class":116},[44,86567,2239],{"class":58},[44,86569,86570,86572,86574,86576],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86571,136],{"class":135},[44,86573,120],{"class":58},[44,86575,750],{"class":116},[44,86577,129],{"class":58},[44,86579,86580,86582,86584,86586,86588,86590],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,86581,136],{"class":135},[44,86583,120],{"class":58},[44,86585,11641],{"class":135},[44,86587,120],{"class":58},[44,86589,750],{"class":116},[44,86591,2239],{"class":58},[44,86593,86594,86596,86598,86600,86602,86604],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,86595,136],{"class":135},[44,86597,120],{"class":58},[44,86599,84902],{"class":135},[44,86601,120],{"class":58},[44,86603,750],{"class":116},[44,86605,2239],{"class":58},[44,86607,86608,86610,86612,86614,86616,86618,86620,86622,86624,86626],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,86609,136],{"class":135},[44,86611,120],{"class":58},[44,86613,84902],{"class":135},[44,86615,120],{"class":58},[44,86617,750],{"class":116},[44,86619,83],{"class":58},[44,86621,433],{"class":9668},[44,86623,55],{"class":54},[44,86625,4282],{"class":1266},[44,86627,2239],{"class":58},[44,86629,86630,86632,86634,86636,86638,86640,86642,86644,86646,86648],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,86631,136],{"class":135},[44,86633,120],{"class":58},[44,86635,84902],{"class":135},[44,86637,120],{"class":58},[44,86639,4617],{"class":116},[44,86641,83],{"class":58},[44,86643,22018],{"class":9668},[44,86645,55],{"class":54},[44,86647,11641],{"class":135},[44,86649,2239],{"class":58},[20,86651,86652,86653,86656,86657,86659],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86654,86655],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86658,750],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[30,86661,2301],{"id":2300},[981,86663,5643,86665,5646],{"id":86664},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86666,84477],{},[20,86668,86669],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[981,86671,5671,86673,84658],{"id":86672},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86674,84477],{},[20,86676,86677],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[981,86679,71888],{"id":71887},[20,86681,86682,52733,86684,84670,86686,36852],{},[15,86683,84477],{},[15,86685,40937],{},[15,86687,83178],{},[981,86689,5643,86691,86693,86694,2363],{"id":86690},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86692,414],{}," do in ",[15,86695,84477],{},[20,86697,86698,86700,86701,86703],{},[15,86699,414],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86702,83731],{}," compares strings by length.",[981,86705,2358,86707,976,86709,2363],{"id":86706},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86708,84477],{},[15,86710,74666],{},[20,86712,86713,86715,86716,86718],{},[15,86714,84477],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86717,74666],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[30,86720,2375],{"id":2374},[252,86722,86723,86729,86735,86741,86745,86749],{},[255,86724,86725],{},[625,86726,86727,4016],{"href":86505},[15,86728,82823],{},[255,86730,86731],{},[625,86732,86733,4016],{"href":74763},[15,86734,74666],{},[255,86736,86737],{},[625,86738,86739,4016],{"href":42592},[15,86740,42595],{},[255,86742,86743],{},[625,86744,80115],{"href":78618},[255,86746,86747],{},[625,86748,59196],{"href":59195},[255,86750,86751],{},[625,86752,66081],{"href":73120},[2414,86754,86755],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":86757},[86758,86759,86761,86767,86769,86771,86776,86778,86784,86786,86787,86798],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":84961,"depth":102,"text":86760},"What min() does",{"id":84982,"depth":102,"text":84983,"children":86762},[86763,86764,86765,86766],{"id":85067,"depth":132,"text":85070},{"id":85129,"depth":132,"text":85132},{"id":85179,"depth":132,"text":85182},{"id":85273,"depth":132,"text":85276},{"id":85335,"depth":102,"text":86768},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85470,"depth":102,"text":86770},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85617,"depth":102,"text":86772,"children":86773},"Using min() with a key function",[86774,86775],{"id":85645,"depth":132,"text":85646},{"id":85720,"depth":132,"text":85721},{"id":85942,"depth":102,"text":86777},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":11224,"depth":102,"text":11225,"children":86779},[86780,86782,86783],{"id":86084,"depth":132,"text":86781},"Empty list without default",{"id":86174,"depth":132,"text":86175},{"id":86327,"depth":132,"text":86328},{"id":86474,"depth":102,"text":86785},"When to use min()",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":86788},[86789,86791,86793,86794,86796],{"id":86664,"depth":132,"text":86790},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86672,"depth":132,"text":86792},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71887,"depth":132,"text":71888},{"id":86690,"depth":132,"text":86795},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86706,"depth":132,"text":86797},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84844,"description":86799},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86806,"title":86807,"body":86808,"description":88987,"extension":2465,"meta":88988,"navigation":169,"path":88989,"seo":88990,"stem":88991,"__hash__":88992},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86809,"toc":88951},[86810,86813,86819,86825,86827,86908,86917,86921,86926,86928,86973,86975,87055,87061,87063,87066,87098,87100,87118,87120,87193,87195,87214,87218,87221,87257,87259,87326,87400,87473,87478,87482,87488,87491,87508,87511,87513,87574,87576,87596,87602,87606,87609,87679,87682,87701,87706,87782,87785,87789,87795,87799,87804,87874,87878,87883,87957,87961,87964,88039,88050,88054,88059,88149,88154,88222,88225,88244,88255,88259,88262,88267,88270,88332,88335,88346,88351,88354,88357,88362,88365,88368,88372,88375,88381,88384,88395,88397,88459,88474,88480,88483,88486,88497,88508,88514,88517,88519,88581,88591,88597,88602,88608,88612,88618,88621,88642,88644,88649,88676,88679,88706,88709,88748,88751,88789,88792,88853,88856,88858,88862,88865,88869,88875,88883,88891,88895,88898,88902,88908,88910,88948],[10,86811,86807],{"id":86812},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86814,86815,86818],{},[15,86816,86817],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86820,86821,86822,86824],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86823,86817],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[30,86826,2507],{"id":2506},[35,86828,86830],{"className":37,"code":86829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86831,86832,86881,86897],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86833,86834,86837,86840,86842,86844,86847,86849,86851,86853,86855,86857,86859,86862,86864,86866,86869,86871,86873,86875,86879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86835,86836],{"class":1140},"with",[44,86838,86839],{"class":135}," open",[44,86841,120],{"class":58},[44,86843,63],{"class":62},[44,86845,86846],{"class":66},"example.txt",[44,86848,63],{"class":62},[44,86850,83],{"class":58},[44,86852,75],{"class":62},[44,86854,60746],{"class":66},[44,86856,63],{"class":62},[44,86858,83],{"class":58},[44,86860,86861],{"class":9668}," encoding",[44,86863,55],{"class":54},[44,86865,63],{"class":62},[44,86867,86868],{"class":66},"utf-8",[44,86870,63],{"class":62},[44,86872,144],{"class":58},[44,86874,47594],{"class":1140},[44,86876,86878],{"class":86877},"sMMDD"," file",[44,86880,1359],{"class":58},[44,86882,86883,86886,86888,86890,86892,86895],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86884,86885],{"class":50},"    content ",[44,86887,55],{"class":54},[44,86889,86878],{"class":86877},[44,86891,113],{"class":58},[44,86893,86894],{"class":116},"read",[44,86896,9138],{"class":58},[44,86898,86899,86901,86903,86906],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,86900,1387],{"class":135},[44,86902,120],{"class":58},[44,86904,86905],{"class":116},"content",[44,86907,129],{"class":58},[20,86909,227,86910,86912,86913,86916],{},[15,86911,86836],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86914,86915],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[30,86918,86920],{"id":86919},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86922,86923,86925],{},[15,86924,86817],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86927,11935],{},[252,86929,86930,86933,86938,86943],{},[255,86931,86932],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[255,86934,41139,86935,86937],{},[590,86936,592],{}," read or write anything by itself",[255,86939,17873,86940],{},[590,86941,86942],{},"file object",[255,86944,86945,86946],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[252,86947,86948,86953,86958,86963,86968],{},[255,86949,86950],{},[15,86951,86952],{},"read()",[255,86954,86955],{},[15,86956,86957],{},"readline()",[255,86959,86960],{},[15,86961,86962],{},"readlines()",[255,86964,86965],{},[15,86966,86967],{},"write()",[255,86969,86970],{},[15,86971,86972],{},"close()",[20,86974,269],{},[35,86976,86978],{"className":37,"code":86977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86979,86980,87019,87034,87044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86981,86982,86985,86987,86989,86991,86993,86995,86997,86999,87001,87003,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013,87015,87017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86983,86984],{"class":86877},"file",[44,86986,13736],{"class":54},[44,86988,86839],{"class":135},[44,86990,120],{"class":58},[44,86992,63],{"class":62},[44,86994,86846],{"class":66},[44,86996,63],{"class":62},[44,86998,83],{"class":58},[44,87000,75],{"class":62},[44,87002,60746],{"class":66},[44,87004,63],{"class":62},[44,87006,83],{"class":58},[44,87008,86861],{"class":9668},[44,87010,55],{"class":54},[44,87012,63],{"class":62},[44,87014,86868],{"class":66},[44,87016,63],{"class":62},[44,87018,129],{"class":58},[44,87020,87021,87024,87026,87028,87030,87032],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87022,87023],{"class":50},"content ",[44,87025,55],{"class":54},[44,87027,86878],{"class":86877},[44,87029,113],{"class":58},[44,87031,86894],{"class":116},[44,87033,9138],{"class":58},[44,87035,87036,87038,87040,87042],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,87037,136],{"class":135},[44,87039,120],{"class":58},[44,87041,86905],{"class":116},[44,87043,129],{"class":58},[44,87045,87046,87048,87050,87053],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,87047,86984],{"class":86877},[44,87049,113],{"class":58},[44,87051,87052],{"class":116},"close",[44,87054,9138],{"class":58},[20,87056,87057,87058,87060],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,87059,86836],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[30,87062,392],{"id":391},[20,87064,87065],{},"A common form is:",[35,87067,87069],{"className":37,"code":87068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,87070,87071],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87072,87073,87075,87077,87079,87081,87084,87086,87088,87090,87092,87094,87096],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87074,42661],{"class":135},[44,87076,120],{"class":58},[44,87078,86984],{"class":86877},[44,87080,83],{"class":58},[44,87082,87083],{"class":116}," mode",[44,87085,83],{"class":58},[44,87087,86861],{"class":9668},[44,87089,55],{"class":54},[44,87091,63],{"class":62},[44,87093,86868],{"class":66},[44,87095,63],{"class":62},[44,87097,129],{"class":58},[20,87099,65287],{},[252,87101,87102,87107,87112],{},[255,87103,87104,87106],{},[15,87105,86984],{}," is the file name or file path",[255,87108,87109,87111],{},[15,87110,21362],{}," controls how the file is opened",[255,87113,87114,87117],{},[15,87115,87116],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,87119,269],{},[35,87121,87123],{"className":37,"code":87122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,87124,87125,87168,87183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87126,87127,87129,87131,87133,87135,87138,87140,87142,87144,87146,87148,87150,87152,87154,87156,87158,87160,87162,87164,87166],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87128,86836],{"class":1140},[44,87130,86839],{"class":135},[44,87132,120],{"class":58},[44,87134,63],{"class":62},[44,87136,87137],{"class":66},"notes.txt",[44,87139,63],{"class":62},[44,87141,83],{"class":58},[44,87143,75],{"class":62},[44,87145,60746],{"class":66},[44,87147,63],{"class":62},[44,87149,83],{"class":58},[44,87151,86861],{"class":9668},[44,87153,55],{"class":54},[44,87155,63],{"class":62},[44,87157,86868],{"class":66},[44,87159,63],{"class":62},[44,87161,144],{"class":58},[44,87163,47594],{"class":1140},[44,87165,86878],{"class":86877},[44,87167,1359],{"class":58},[44,87169,87170,87173,87175,87177,87179,87181],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87171,87172],{"class":50},"    text ",[44,87174,55],{"class":54},[44,87176,86878],{"class":86877},[44,87178,113],{"class":58},[44,87180,86894],{"class":116},[44,87182,9138],{"class":58},[44,87184,87185,87187,87189,87191],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,87186,1387],{"class":135},[44,87188,120],{"class":58},[44,87190,34936],{"class":116},[44,87192,129],{"class":58},[20,87194,20403],{},[252,87196,87197,87203,87208],{},[255,87198,87199,87202],{},[15,87200,87201],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[255,87204,87205,87207],{},[15,87206,86915],{}," means open for reading",[255,87209,87210,87213],{},[15,87211,87212],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[30,87215,87217],{"id":87216},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87219,87220],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[252,87222,87223,87228,87234,87239,87245,87251],{},[255,87224,87225,87227],{},[15,87226,86915],{}," = read a text file",[255,87229,87230,87233],{},[15,87231,87232],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[255,87235,87236,87238],{},[15,87237,18548],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[255,87240,87241,87244],{},[15,87242,87243],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[255,87246,87247,87250],{},[15,87248,87249],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[255,87252,87253,87256],{},[15,87254,87255],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87258,2632],{},[35,87260,87262],{"className":37,"code":87261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87263,87264,87269,87312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87265,87266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87267,87268],{"class":147},"# Read a text file\n",[44,87270,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279,87282,87284,87286,87288,87290,87292,87294,87296,87298,87300,87302,87304,87306,87308,87310],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87272,86836],{"class":1140},[44,87274,86839],{"class":135},[44,87276,120],{"class":58},[44,87278,63],{"class":62},[44,87280,87281],{"class":66},"data.txt",[44,87283,63],{"class":62},[44,87285,83],{"class":58},[44,87287,75],{"class":62},[44,87289,60746],{"class":66},[44,87291,63],{"class":62},[44,87293,83],{"class":58},[44,87295,86861],{"class":9668},[44,87297,55],{"class":54},[44,87299,63],{"class":62},[44,87301,86868],{"class":66},[44,87303,63],{"class":62},[44,87305,144],{"class":58},[44,87307,47594],{"class":1140},[44,87309,86878],{"class":86877},[44,87311,1359],{"class":58},[44,87313,87314,87316,87318,87320,87322,87324],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,87315,1387],{"class":135},[44,87317,120],{"class":58},[44,87319,86984],{"class":86877},[44,87321,113],{"class":58},[44,87323,86894],{"class":116},[44,87325,2188],{"class":58},[35,87327,87329],{"className":37,"code":87328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87330,87331,87336,87378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87332,87333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87334,87335],{"class":147},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[44,87337,87338,87340,87342,87344,87346,87348,87350,87352,87354,87356,87358,87360,87362,87364,87366,87368,87370,87372,87374,87376],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87339,86836],{"class":1140},[44,87341,86839],{"class":135},[44,87343,120],{"class":58},[44,87345,63],{"class":62},[44,87347,87281],{"class":66},[44,87349,63],{"class":62},[44,87351,83],{"class":58},[44,87353,75],{"class":62},[44,87355,60729],{"class":66},[44,87357,63],{"class":62},[44,87359,83],{"class":58},[44,87361,86861],{"class":9668},[44,87363,55],{"class":54},[44,87365,63],{"class":62},[44,87367,86868],{"class":66},[44,87369,63],{"class":62},[44,87371,144],{"class":58},[44,87373,47594],{"class":1140},[44,87375,86878],{"class":86877},[44,87377,1359],{"class":58},[44,87379,87380,87383,87385,87387,87389,87391,87393,87396,87398],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,87381,87382],{"class":86877},"    file",[44,87384,113],{"class":58},[44,87386,70437],{"class":116},[44,87388,120],{"class":58},[44,87390,63],{"class":62},[44,87392,35095],{"class":66},[44,87394,87395],{"class":34680},"\\n",[44,87397,63],{"class":62},[44,87399,129],{"class":58},[35,87401,87403],{"className":37,"code":87402,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87404,87405,87410,87452],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87406,87407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87408,87409],{"class":147},"# Append to a text file\n",[44,87411,87412,87414,87416,87418,87420,87422,87424,87426,87428,87430,87432,87434,87436,87438,87440,87442,87444,87446,87448,87450],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87413,86836],{"class":1140},[44,87415,86839],{"class":135},[44,87417,120],{"class":58},[44,87419,63],{"class":62},[44,87421,87281],{"class":66},[44,87423,63],{"class":62},[44,87425,83],{"class":58},[44,87427,75],{"class":62},[44,87429,625],{"class":66},[44,87431,63],{"class":62},[44,87433,83],{"class":58},[44,87435,86861],{"class":9668},[44,87437,55],{"class":54},[44,87439,63],{"class":62},[44,87441,86868],{"class":66},[44,87443,63],{"class":62},[44,87445,144],{"class":58},[44,87447,47594],{"class":1140},[44,87449,86878],{"class":86877},[44,87451,1359],{"class":58},[44,87453,87454,87456,87458,87460,87462,87464,87467,87469,87471],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,87455,87382],{"class":86877},[44,87457,113],{"class":58},[44,87459,70437],{"class":116},[44,87461,120],{"class":58},[44,87463,63],{"class":62},[44,87465,87466],{"class":66},"Another line",[44,87468,87395],{"class":34680},[44,87470,63],{"class":62},[44,87472,129],{"class":58},[20,87474,69589,87475,87477],{},[15,87476,87232],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[30,87479,87481],{"id":87480},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87483,87484,22413,87486,113],{},[15,87485,86817],{},[590,87487,86942],{},[20,87489,87490],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[252,87492,87493,87498,87503],{},[255,87494,87495],{},[15,87496,87497],{},"file.read()",[255,87499,87500],{},[15,87501,87502],{},"file.write()",[255,87504,87505],{},[15,87506,87507],{},"file.close()",[20,87509,87510],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87512,269],{},[35,87514,87516],{"className":37,"code":87515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87517,87518,87560],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87519,87520,87522,87524,87526,87528,87530,87532,87534,87536,87538,87540,87542,87544,87546,87548,87550,87552,87554,87556,87558],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87521,86836],{"class":1140},[44,87523,86839],{"class":135},[44,87525,120],{"class":58},[44,87527,63],{"class":62},[44,87529,86846],{"class":66},[44,87531,63],{"class":62},[44,87533,83],{"class":58},[44,87535,75],{"class":62},[44,87537,60746],{"class":66},[44,87539,63],{"class":62},[44,87541,83],{"class":58},[44,87543,86861],{"class":9668},[44,87545,55],{"class":54},[44,87547,63],{"class":62},[44,87549,86868],{"class":66},[44,87551,63],{"class":62},[44,87553,144],{"class":58},[44,87555,47594],{"class":1140},[44,87557,86878],{"class":86877},[44,87559,1359],{"class":58},[44,87561,87562,87564,87566,87568,87570,87572],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87563,1387],{"class":135},[44,87565,120],{"class":58},[44,87567,2249],{"class":2248},[44,87569,120],{"class":58},[44,87571,86984],{"class":86877},[44,87573,2239],{"class":58},[20,87575,30254],{},[35,87577,87579],{"className":37,"code":87578,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87580,87581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87582,87583,87585,87587,87589,87592,87594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87584,3797],{"class":54},[44,87586,3800],{"class":2570},[44,87588,2232],{"class":62},[44,87590,87591],{"class":66},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[44,87593,2197],{"class":62},[44,87595,3809],{"class":54},[20,87597,87598,87599,87601],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87600,86817],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[30,87603,87605],{"id":87604},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87607,87608],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[35,87610,87611],{"className":37,"code":86829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,87612,87613,87655,87669],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87614,87615,87617,87619,87621,87623,87625,87627,87629,87631,87633,87635,87637,87639,87641,87643,87645,87647,87649,87651,87653],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87616,86836],{"class":1140},[44,87618,86839],{"class":135},[44,87620,120],{"class":58},[44,87622,63],{"class":62},[44,87624,86846],{"class":66},[44,87626,63],{"class":62},[44,87628,83],{"class":58},[44,87630,75],{"class":62},[44,87632,60746],{"class":66},[44,87634,63],{"class":62},[44,87636,83],{"class":58},[44,87638,86861],{"class":9668},[44,87640,55],{"class":54},[44,87642,63],{"class":62},[44,87644,86868],{"class":66},[44,87646,63],{"class":62},[44,87648,144],{"class":58},[44,87650,47594],{"class":1140},[44,87652,86878],{"class":86877},[44,87654,1359],{"class":58},[44,87656,87657,87659,87661,87663,87665,87667],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87658,86885],{"class":50},[44,87660,55],{"class":54},[44,87662,86878],{"class":86877},[44,87664,113],{"class":58},[44,87666,86894],{"class":116},[44,87668,9138],{"class":58},[44,87670,87671,87673,87675,87677],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,87672,1387],{"class":135},[44,87674,120],{"class":58},[44,87676,86905],{"class":116},[44,87678,129],{"class":58},[20,87680,87681],{},"Why this is recommended:",[252,87683,87684,87689,87695,87698],{},[255,87685,87686,87688],{},[15,87687,86836],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[255,87690,87691,87692,87694],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87693,86972],{}," yourself",[255,87696,87697],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[255,87699,87700],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87702,83994,87703,87705],{},[15,87704,86836],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[35,87707,87708],{"className":37,"code":86977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,87709,87710,87748,87762,87772],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87711,87712,87714,87716,87718,87720,87722,87724,87726,87728,87730,87732,87734,87736,87738,87740,87742,87744,87746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87713,86984],{"class":86877},[44,87715,13736],{"class":54},[44,87717,86839],{"class":135},[44,87719,120],{"class":58},[44,87721,63],{"class":62},[44,87723,86846],{"class":66},[44,87725,63],{"class":62},[44,87727,83],{"class":58},[44,87729,75],{"class":62},[44,87731,60746],{"class":66},[44,87733,63],{"class":62},[44,87735,83],{"class":58},[44,87737,86861],{"class":9668},[44,87739,55],{"class":54},[44,87741,63],{"class":62},[44,87743,86868],{"class":66},[44,87745,63],{"class":62},[44,87747,129],{"class":58},[44,87749,87750,87752,87754,87756,87758,87760],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87751,87023],{"class":50},[44,87753,55],{"class":54},[44,87755,86878],{"class":86877},[44,87757,113],{"class":58},[44,87759,86894],{"class":116},[44,87761,9138],{"class":58},[44,87763,87764,87766,87768,87770],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,87765,136],{"class":135},[44,87767,120],{"class":58},[44,87769,86905],{"class":116},[44,87771,129],{"class":58},[44,87773,87774,87776,87778,87780],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,87775,86984],{"class":86877},[44,87777,113],{"class":58},[44,87779,87052],{"class":116},[44,87781,9138],{"class":58},[20,87783,87784],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[30,87786,87788],{"id":87787},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87790,87791,87792,87794],{},"Use mode ",[15,87793,86915],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[981,87796,87798],{"id":87797},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87800,87801,87803],{},[15,87802,86952],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[35,87805,87806],{"className":37,"code":86829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,87807,87808,87850,87864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87809,87810,87812,87814,87816,87818,87820,87822,87824,87826,87828,87830,87832,87834,87836,87838,87840,87842,87844,87846,87848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87811,86836],{"class":1140},[44,87813,86839],{"class":135},[44,87815,120],{"class":58},[44,87817,63],{"class":62},[44,87819,86846],{"class":66},[44,87821,63],{"class":62},[44,87823,83],{"class":58},[44,87825,75],{"class":62},[44,87827,60746],{"class":66},[44,87829,63],{"class":62},[44,87831,83],{"class":58},[44,87833,86861],{"class":9668},[44,87835,55],{"class":54},[44,87837,63],{"class":62},[44,87839,86868],{"class":66},[44,87841,63],{"class":62},[44,87843,144],{"class":58},[44,87845,47594],{"class":1140},[44,87847,86878],{"class":86877},[44,87849,1359],{"class":58},[44,87851,87852,87854,87856,87858,87860,87862],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87853,86885],{"class":50},[44,87855,55],{"class":54},[44,87857,86878],{"class":86877},[44,87859,113],{"class":58},[44,87861,86894],{"class":116},[44,87863,9138],{"class":58},[44,87865,87866,87868,87870,87872],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,87867,1387],{"class":135},[44,87869,120],{"class":58},[44,87871,86905],{"class":116},[44,87873,129],{"class":58},[981,87875,87877],{"id":87876},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87879,87880,87882],{},[15,87881,86957],{}," reads one line at a time.",[35,87884,87886],{"className":37,"code":87885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87887,87888,87930,87946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87889,87890,87892,87894,87896,87898,87900,87902,87904,87906,87908,87910,87912,87914,87916,87918,87920,87922,87924,87926,87928],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87891,86836],{"class":1140},[44,87893,86839],{"class":135},[44,87895,120],{"class":58},[44,87897,63],{"class":62},[44,87899,86846],{"class":66},[44,87901,63],{"class":62},[44,87903,83],{"class":58},[44,87905,75],{"class":62},[44,87907,60746],{"class":66},[44,87909,63],{"class":62},[44,87911,83],{"class":58},[44,87913,86861],{"class":9668},[44,87915,55],{"class":54},[44,87917,63],{"class":62},[44,87919,86868],{"class":66},[44,87921,63],{"class":62},[44,87923,144],{"class":58},[44,87925,47594],{"class":1140},[44,87927,86878],{"class":86877},[44,87929,1359],{"class":58},[44,87931,87932,87935,87937,87939,87941,87944],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87933,87934],{"class":50},"    first_line ",[44,87936,55],{"class":54},[44,87938,86878],{"class":86877},[44,87940,113],{"class":58},[44,87942,87943],{"class":116},"readline",[44,87945,9138],{"class":58},[44,87947,87948,87950,87952,87955],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,87949,1387],{"class":135},[44,87951,120],{"class":58},[44,87953,87954],{"class":116},"first_line",[44,87956,129],{"class":58},[981,87958,87960],{"id":87959},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87962,87963],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[35,87965,87967],{"className":37,"code":87966,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87968,87969,88011,88025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87970,87971,87973,87975,87977,87979,87981,87983,87985,87987,87989,87991,87993,87995,87997,87999,88001,88003,88005,88007,88009],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87972,86836],{"class":1140},[44,87974,86839],{"class":135},[44,87976,120],{"class":58},[44,87978,63],{"class":62},[44,87980,86846],{"class":66},[44,87982,63],{"class":62},[44,87984,83],{"class":58},[44,87986,75],{"class":62},[44,87988,60746],{"class":66},[44,87990,63],{"class":62},[44,87992,83],{"class":58},[44,87994,86861],{"class":9668},[44,87996,55],{"class":54},[44,87998,63],{"class":62},[44,88000,86868],{"class":66},[44,88002,63],{"class":62},[44,88004,144],{"class":58},[44,88006,47594],{"class":1140},[44,88008,86878],{"class":86877},[44,88010,1359],{"class":58},[44,88012,88013,88016,88019,88021,88023],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88014,88015],{"class":1140},"    for",[44,88017,88018],{"class":50}," line ",[44,88020,4385],{"class":1140},[44,88022,86878],{"class":86877},[44,88024,1359],{"class":58},[44,88026,88027,88029,88031,88033,88035,88037],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,88028,47574],{"class":135},[44,88030,120],{"class":58},[44,88032,46],{"class":116},[44,88034,113],{"class":58},[44,88036,9129],{"class":116},[44,88038,2188],{"class":58},[20,88040,88041,88042,3384,88046,113],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[625,88043,88045],{"href":88044},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[625,88047,88049],{"href":88048},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[30,88051,88053],{"id":88052},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,88055,227,88056,88058],{},[15,88057,87232],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[35,88060,88062],{"className":37,"code":88061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,88063,88064,88107,88128],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88065,88066,88068,88070,88072,88074,88077,88079,88081,88083,88085,88087,88089,88091,88093,88095,88097,88099,88101,88103,88105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88067,86836],{"class":1140},[44,88069,86839],{"class":135},[44,88071,120],{"class":58},[44,88073,63],{"class":62},[44,88075,88076],{"class":66},"output.txt",[44,88078,63],{"class":62},[44,88080,83],{"class":58},[44,88082,75],{"class":62},[44,88084,60729],{"class":66},[44,88086,63],{"class":62},[44,88088,83],{"class":58},[44,88090,86861],{"class":9668},[44,88092,55],{"class":54},[44,88094,63],{"class":62},[44,88096,86868],{"class":66},[44,88098,63],{"class":62},[44,88100,144],{"class":58},[44,88102,47594],{"class":1140},[44,88104,86878],{"class":86877},[44,88106,1359],{"class":58},[44,88108,88109,88111,88113,88115,88117,88119,88122,88124,88126],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88110,87382],{"class":86877},[44,88112,113],{"class":58},[44,88114,70437],{"class":116},[44,88116,120],{"class":58},[44,88118,63],{"class":62},[44,88120,88121],{"class":66},"First line",[44,88123,87395],{"class":34680},[44,88125,63],{"class":62},[44,88127,129],{"class":58},[44,88129,88130,88132,88134,88136,88138,88140,88143,88145,88147],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,88131,87382],{"class":86877},[44,88133,113],{"class":58},[44,88135,70437],{"class":116},[44,88137,120],{"class":58},[44,88139,63],{"class":62},[44,88141,88142],{"class":66},"Second line",[44,88144,87395],{"class":34680},[44,88146,63],{"class":62},[44,88148,129],{"class":58},[20,88150,227,88151,88153],{},[15,88152,18548],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[35,88155,88157],{"className":37,"code":88156,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,88158,88159,88201],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88160,88161,88163,88165,88167,88169,88171,88173,88175,88177,88179,88181,88183,88185,88187,88189,88191,88193,88195,88197,88199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88162,86836],{"class":1140},[44,88164,86839],{"class":135},[44,88166,120],{"class":58},[44,88168,63],{"class":62},[44,88170,88076],{"class":66},[44,88172,63],{"class":62},[44,88174,83],{"class":58},[44,88176,75],{"class":62},[44,88178,625],{"class":66},[44,88180,63],{"class":62},[44,88182,83],{"class":58},[44,88184,86861],{"class":9668},[44,88186,55],{"class":54},[44,88188,63],{"class":62},[44,88190,86868],{"class":66},[44,88192,63],{"class":62},[44,88194,144],{"class":58},[44,88196,47594],{"class":1140},[44,88198,86878],{"class":86877},[44,88200,1359],{"class":58},[44,88202,88203,88205,88207,88209,88211,88213,88216,88218,88220],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88204,87382],{"class":86877},[44,88206,113],{"class":58},[44,88208,70437],{"class":116},[44,88210,120],{"class":58},[44,88212,63],{"class":62},[44,88214,88215],{"class":66},"Third line",[44,88217,87395],{"class":34680},[44,88219,63],{"class":62},[44,88221,129],{"class":58},[20,88223,88224],{},"Important detail:",[252,88226,88227,88232,88239],{},[255,88228,88229,88231],{},[15,88230,86967],{}," writes a string",[255,88233,88234,588,88236,88238],{},[15,88235,86967],{},[590,88237,592],{}," add a newline for you",[255,88240,88241,88242,87694],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88243,87395],{},[20,88245,88246,88247,3384,88251,113],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[625,88248,88250],{"href":88249},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[625,88252,88254],{"href":88253},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[30,88256,88258],{"id":88257},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88260,88261],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[981,88263,88265],{"id":88264},"encodingutf-8",[15,88266,87212],{},[20,88268,88269],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[35,88271,88273],{"className":37,"code":88272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88274,88275,88318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88276,88277,88279,88281,88283,88285,88288,88290,88292,88294,88296,88298,88300,88302,88304,88306,88308,88310,88312,88314,88316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88278,86836],{"class":1140},[44,88280,86839],{"class":135},[44,88282,120],{"class":58},[44,88284,63],{"class":62},[44,88286,88287],{"class":66},"message.txt",[44,88289,63],{"class":62},[44,88291,83],{"class":58},[44,88293,75],{"class":62},[44,88295,60746],{"class":66},[44,88297,63],{"class":62},[44,88299,83],{"class":58},[44,88301,86861],{"class":9668},[44,88303,55],{"class":54},[44,88305,63],{"class":62},[44,88307,86868],{"class":66},[44,88309,63],{"class":62},[44,88311,144],{"class":58},[44,88313,47594],{"class":1140},[44,88315,86878],{"class":86877},[44,88317,1359],{"class":58},[44,88319,88320,88322,88324,88326,88328,88330],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88321,1387],{"class":135},[44,88323,120],{"class":58},[44,88325,86984],{"class":86877},[44,88327,113],{"class":58},[44,88329,86894],{"class":116},[44,88331,2188],{"class":58},[20,88333,88334],{},"Why it matters:",[252,88336,88337,88340,88343],{},[255,88338,88339],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[255,88341,88342],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[255,88344,88345],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[981,88347,88349],{"id":88348},"newline",[15,88350,88348],{},[20,88352,88353],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88355,88356],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[981,88358,88360],{"id":88359},"buffering",[15,88361,88359],{},[20,88363,88364],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88366,88367],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[30,88369,88371],{"id":88370},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88373,88374],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[981,88376,88378],{"id":88377},"filenotfounderror",[15,88379,88380],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88382,88383],{},"This happens when:",[252,88385,88386,88389,88392],{},[255,88387,88388],{},"the file does not exist",[255,88390,88391],{},"the path is wrong",[255,88393,88394],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88396,269],{},[35,88398,88400],{"className":37,"code":88399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88401,88402,88445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88403,88404,88406,88408,88410,88412,88415,88417,88419,88421,88423,88425,88427,88429,88431,88433,88435,88437,88439,88441,88443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88405,86836],{"class":1140},[44,88407,86839],{"class":135},[44,88409,120],{"class":58},[44,88411,63],{"class":62},[44,88413,88414],{"class":66},"missing.txt",[44,88416,63],{"class":62},[44,88418,83],{"class":58},[44,88420,75],{"class":62},[44,88422,60746],{"class":66},[44,88424,63],{"class":62},[44,88426,83],{"class":58},[44,88428,86861],{"class":9668},[44,88430,55],{"class":54},[44,88432,63],{"class":62},[44,88434,86868],{"class":66},[44,88436,63],{"class":62},[44,88438,144],{"class":58},[44,88440,47594],{"class":1140},[44,88442,86878],{"class":86877},[44,88444,1359],{"class":58},[44,88446,88447,88449,88451,88453,88455,88457],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88448,1387],{"class":135},[44,88450,120],{"class":58},[44,88452,86984],{"class":86877},[44,88454,113],{"class":58},[44,88456,86894],{"class":116},[44,88458,2188],{"class":58},[20,88460,88461,88462,976,88470,113],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[625,88463,88465,88466,88469],{"href":88464},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[44,88467,88468],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[625,88471,88473],{"href":88472},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[981,88475,88477],{"id":88476},"permissionerror",[15,88478,88479],{},"PermissionError",[20,88481,88482],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88484,88485],{},"Example causes:",[252,88487,88488,88491,88494],{},[255,88489,88490],{},"the file is protected",[255,88492,88493],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[255,88495,88496],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88498,88499,88500],{},"Related page: ",[625,88501,88503,88504,88507],{"href":88502},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[44,88505,88506],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[981,88509,88511],{"id":88510},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88512,88513],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88515,88516],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88518,269],{},[35,88520,88522],{"className":37,"code":88521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88523,88524,88567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88525,88526,88528,88530,88532,88534,88537,88539,88541,88543,88545,88547,88549,88551,88553,88555,88557,88559,88561,88563,88565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88527,86836],{"class":1140},[44,88529,86839],{"class":135},[44,88531,120],{"class":58},[44,88533,63],{"class":62},[44,88535,88536],{"class":66},"my_folder",[44,88538,63],{"class":62},[44,88540,83],{"class":58},[44,88542,75],{"class":62},[44,88544,60746],{"class":66},[44,88546,63],{"class":62},[44,88548,83],{"class":58},[44,88550,86861],{"class":9668},[44,88552,55],{"class":54},[44,88554,63],{"class":62},[44,88556,86868],{"class":66},[44,88558,63],{"class":62},[44,88560,144],{"class":58},[44,88562,47594],{"class":1140},[44,88564,86878],{"class":86877},[44,88566,1359],{"class":58},[44,88568,88569,88571,88573,88575,88577,88579],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88570,1387],{"class":135},[44,88572,120],{"class":58},[44,88574,86984],{"class":86877},[44,88576,113],{"class":58},[44,88578,86894],{"class":116},[44,88580,2188],{"class":58},[20,88582,88499,88583],{},[625,88584,88586,88587,88590],{"href":88585},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[44,88588,88589],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[981,88592,88594],{"id":88593},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88595,88596],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88598,88599,88600,113],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88601,86817],{},[20,88603,88499,88604],{},[625,88605,88607],{"href":88606},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[30,88609,88611],{"id":88610},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88613,88614,88615,88617],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88616,86817],{}," function.",[20,88619,88620],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[252,88622,88623,88626,88629,88635],{},[255,88624,88625],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[255,88627,88628],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[255,88630,88631,88632,88634],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88633,86817],{}," itself",[255,88636,88637,88638],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[625,88639,88641],{"href":88640},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[30,88643,3335],{"id":3334},[20,88645,88646,88647,72],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88648,86817],{},[252,88650,88651,88656,88662,88667,88670,88673],{},[255,88652,1785,88653,88655],{},[15,88654,86915],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[255,88657,88658,88659,88661],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88660,87116],{}," for text files",[255,88663,1785,88664,88666],{},[15,88665,87232],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[255,88668,88669],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[255,88671,88672],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[255,88674,88675],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88677,88678],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[35,88680,88682],{"className":37,"code":88681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88683,88684,88691],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88685,88686,88688],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88687,35319],{"class":1140},[44,88689,88690],{"class":50}," os\n",[44,88692,88693,88695,88697,88699,88701,88704],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88694,136],{"class":135},[44,88696,120],{"class":58},[44,88698,42860],{"class":116},[44,88700,113],{"class":58},[44,88702,88703],{"class":116},"getcwd",[44,88705,2188],{"class":58},[20,88707,88708],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[35,88710,88712],{"className":37,"code":88711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88713,88714,88720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88715,88716,88718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88717,35319],{"class":1140},[44,88719,88690],{"class":50},[44,88721,88722,88724,88726,88728,88730,88733,88735,88738,88740,88742,88744,88746],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88723,136],{"class":135},[44,88725,120],{"class":58},[44,88727,42860],{"class":116},[44,88729,113],{"class":58},[44,88731,88732],{"class":25189},"path",[44,88734,113],{"class":58},[44,88736,88737],{"class":116},"exists",[44,88739,120],{"class":58},[44,88741,63],{"class":62},[44,88743,86846],{"class":66},[44,88745,63],{"class":62},[44,88747,2239],{"class":58},[20,88749,88750],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[35,88752,88754],{"className":37,"code":88753,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88755,88756,88762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88757,88758,88760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88759,35319],{"class":1140},[44,88761,88690],{"class":50},[44,88763,88764,88766,88768,88770,88772,88774,88776,88779,88781,88783,88785,88787],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88765,136],{"class":135},[44,88767,120],{"class":58},[44,88769,42860],{"class":116},[44,88771,113],{"class":58},[44,88773,88732],{"class":25189},[44,88775,113],{"class":58},[44,88777,88778],{"class":116},"isfile",[44,88780,120],{"class":58},[44,88782,63],{"class":62},[44,88784,86846],{"class":66},[44,88786,63],{"class":62},[44,88788,2239],{"class":58},[20,88790,88791],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[35,88793,88795],{"className":37,"code":88794,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88796,88797,88839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88798,88799,88801,88803,88805,88807,88809,88811,88813,88815,88817,88819,88821,88823,88825,88827,88829,88831,88833,88835,88837],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88800,86836],{"class":1140},[44,88802,86839],{"class":135},[44,88804,120],{"class":58},[44,88806,63],{"class":62},[44,88808,86846],{"class":66},[44,88810,63],{"class":62},[44,88812,83],{"class":58},[44,88814,75],{"class":62},[44,88816,60746],{"class":66},[44,88818,63],{"class":62},[44,88820,83],{"class":58},[44,88822,86861],{"class":9668},[44,88824,55],{"class":54},[44,88826,63],{"class":62},[44,88828,86868],{"class":66},[44,88830,63],{"class":62},[44,88832,144],{"class":58},[44,88834,47594],{"class":1140},[44,88836,86878],{"class":86877},[44,88838,1359],{"class":58},[44,88840,88841,88843,88845,88847,88849,88851],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88842,1387],{"class":135},[44,88844,120],{"class":58},[44,88846,86984],{"class":86877},[44,88848,113],{"class":58},[44,88850,86894],{"class":116},[44,88852,2188],{"class":58},[20,88854,88855],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[30,88857,2301],{"id":2300},[981,88859,88861],{"id":88860},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88863,88864],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[981,88866,88868],{"id":88867},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88870,88871,88872,88874],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88873,86836],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[981,88876,2358,88878,976,88880,88882],{"id":88877},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88879,87232],{},[15,88881,18548],{}," mode?",[20,88884,88885,88887,88888,88890],{},[15,88886,87232],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88889,18548],{}," adds new content to the end.",[981,88892,88894],{"id":88893},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88896,88897],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[981,88899,88901],{"id":88900},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88903,88904,88905,88907],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88906,87212],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[30,88909,2375],{"id":2374},[252,88911,88912,88916,88920,88924,88928,88932,88936,88942],{},[255,88913,88914],{},[625,88915,88045],{"href":88044},[255,88917,88918],{},[625,88919,88250],{"href":88249},[255,88921,88922],{},[625,88923,88254],{"href":88253},[255,88925,88926],{},[625,88927,88049],{"href":88048},[255,88929,88930],{},[625,88931,88641],{"href":88640},[255,88933,88934],{},[625,88935,88473],{"href":88472},[255,88937,88938],{},[625,88939,88465,88940,88469],{"href":88464},[44,88941,88468],{},[255,88943,88944],{},[625,88945,88503,88946,88507],{"href":88502},[44,88947,88506],{},[2414,88949,88950],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":88952},[88953,88954,88955,88956,88957,88958,88959,88964,88965,88970,88976,88977,88978,88986],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":86919,"depth":102,"text":86920},{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":87216,"depth":102,"text":87217},{"id":87480,"depth":102,"text":87481},{"id":87604,"depth":102,"text":87605},{"id":87787,"depth":102,"text":87788,"children":88960},[88961,88962,88963],{"id":87797,"depth":132,"text":87798},{"id":87876,"depth":132,"text":87877},{"id":87959,"depth":132,"text":87960},{"id":88052,"depth":102,"text":88053},{"id":88257,"depth":102,"text":88258,"children":88966},[88967,88968,88969],{"id":88264,"depth":132,"text":87212},{"id":88348,"depth":132,"text":88348},{"id":88359,"depth":132,"text":88359},{"id":88370,"depth":102,"text":88371,"children":88971},[88972,88973,88974,88975],{"id":88377,"depth":132,"text":88380},{"id":88476,"depth":132,"text":88479},{"id":88510,"depth":132,"text":88513},{"id":88593,"depth":132,"text":88596},{"id":88610,"depth":102,"text":88611},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":88979},[88980,88981,88982,88984,88985],{"id":88860,"depth":132,"text":88861},{"id":88867,"depth":132,"text":88868},{"id":88877,"depth":132,"text":88983},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88893,"depth":132,"text":88894},{"id":88900,"depth":132,"text":88901},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86807,"description":88987},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88994,"title":88995,"body":88996,"description":90991,"extension":2465,"meta":90992,"navigation":169,"path":90993,"seo":90994,"stem":90995,"__hash__":90996},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88997,"toc":90938},[88998,89003,89008,89014,89016,89084,89086,89105,89110,89115,89120,89123,89135,89137,89180,89182,89200,89211,89213,89215,89240,89242,89253,89255,89315,89317,89343,89346,89350,89355,89359,89362,89396,89400,89403,89428,89432,89455,89459,89492,89497,89501,89506,89509,89577,89579,89603,89608,89611,89642,89644,89676,89693,89697,89702,89726,89733,89738,89743,89746,89750,89785,89787,89796,89800,89891,89893,89924,89929,89936,89941,89950,89953,89987,89989,90003,90007,90048,90050,90059,90063,90111,90113,90127,90132,90143,90150,90156,90158,90193,90195,90209,90212,90234,90240,90269,90280,90286,90292,90306,90308,90387,90389,90439,90446,90448,90453,90457,90460,90475,90480,90482,90501,90507,90510,90525,90527,90545,90551,90556,90586,90589,90612,90615,90642,90649,90655,90663,90686,90691,90699,90701,90721,90725,90731,90781,90784,90806,90808,90814,90822,90828,90834,90842,90847,90851,90854,90877,90882,90889,90901,90903,90935],[10,88999,4083,89001,4087],{"id":89000},"python-print-function-explained",[15,89002,46688],{},[20,89004,32543,89005,89007],{},[15,89006,46688],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,89009,89010,89011,89013],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,89012,46688],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[30,89015,2507],{"id":2506},[35,89017,89019],{"className":37,"code":89018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,89020,89021,89033,89042,89046,89056,89066],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89022,89023,89025,89027,89029,89031],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89024,8372],{"class":50},[44,89026,55],{"class":54},[44,89028,75],{"class":62},[44,89030,1814],{"class":66},[44,89032,3865],{"class":62},[44,89034,89035,89037,89039],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89036,1036],{"class":50},[44,89038,55],{"class":54},[44,89040,89041],{"class":95}," 12\n",[44,89043,89044],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,89045,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,89047,89048,89050,89052,89054],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,89049,136],{"class":135},[44,89051,120],{"class":58},[44,89053,67],{"class":116},[44,89055,129],{"class":58},[44,89057,89058,89060,89062,89064],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,89059,136],{"class":135},[44,89061,120],{"class":58},[44,89063,88],{"class":116},[44,89065,129],{"class":58},[44,89067,89068,89070,89072,89074,89076,89078,89080,89082],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,89069,136],{"class":135},[44,89071,120],{"class":58},[44,89073,63],{"class":62},[44,89075,35095],{"class":66},[44,89077,63],{"class":62},[44,89079,83],{"class":58},[44,89081,36221],{"class":116},[44,89083,129],{"class":58},[20,89085,2576],{},[35,89087,89089],{"className":37,"code":89088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,89090,89091,89096,89100],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89092,89093],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89094,89095],{"class":50},"Mia\n",[44,89097,89098],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89099,2730],{"class":95},[44,89101,89102],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,89103,89104],{"class":50},"Hello Mia\n",[20,89106,227,89107,89109],{},[15,89108,46688],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[30,89111,243,89113,246],{"id":89112},"what-print-does",[15,89114,46688],{},[20,89116,89117,89119],{},[15,89118,46688],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,89121,89122],{},"You can use it to display:",[252,89124,89125,89127,89129,89132],{},[255,89126,34936],{},[255,89128,1579],{},[255,89130,89131],{},"variables",[255,89133,89134],{},"expressions",[20,89136,269],{},[35,89138,89140],{"className":37,"code":89139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,89141,89142,89156,89166],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89143,89144,89146,89148,89150,89152,89154],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89145,136],{"class":135},[44,89147,120],{"class":58},[44,89149,63],{"class":62},[44,89151,35095],{"class":66},[44,89153,63],{"class":62},[44,89155,129],{"class":58},[44,89157,89158,89160,89162,89164],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89159,136],{"class":135},[44,89161,120],{"class":58},[44,89163,2643],{"class":95},[44,89165,129],{"class":58},[44,89167,89168,89170,89172,89174,89176,89178],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,89169,136],{"class":135},[44,89171,120],{"class":58},[44,89173,2561],{"class":95},[44,89175,2958],{"class":54},[44,89177,2955],{"class":95},[44,89179,129],{"class":58},[20,89181,2576],{},[35,89183,89185],{"className":37,"code":89184,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89186,89187,89192,89196],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89188,89189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89190,89191],{"class":50},"Hello\n",[44,89193,89194],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89195,3453],{"class":95},[44,89197,89198],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,89199,3453],{"class":95},[20,89201,89202,89203,89205,89206,89210],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89204,46688],{}," ",[590,89207,4195,89208],{},[15,89209,4282],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[30,89212,392],{"id":391},[20,89214,30950],{},[35,89216,89218],{"className":37,"code":89217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89219,89220],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89221,89222,89224,89226,89229,89231,89234,89236,89238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89223,136],{"class":135},[44,89225,120],{"class":58},[44,89227,89228],{"class":116},"object1",[44,89230,83],{"class":58},[44,89232,89233],{"class":116}," object2",[44,89235,83],{"class":58},[44,89237,34681],{"class":135},[44,89239,129],{"class":58},[20,89241,80445],{},[252,89243,89244,89247,89250],{},[255,89245,89246],{},"one value",[255,89248,89249],{},"many values",[255,89251,89252],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89254,269],{},[35,89256,89258],{"className":37,"code":89257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89259,89260,89274,89293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89261,89262,89264,89266,89268,89270,89272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89263,136],{"class":135},[44,89265,120],{"class":58},[44,89267,63],{"class":62},[44,89269,58008],{"class":66},[44,89271,63],{"class":62},[44,89273,129],{"class":58},[44,89275,89276,89278,89280,89282,89285,89287,89289,89291],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89277,136],{"class":135},[44,89279,120],{"class":58},[44,89281,63],{"class":62},[44,89283,89284],{"class":66},"Score:",[44,89286,63],{"class":62},[44,89288,83],{"class":58},[44,89290,632],{"class":95},[44,89292,129],{"class":58},[44,89294,89295,89297,89299,89301,89303,89305,89307,89309,89311,89313],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,89296,136],{"class":135},[44,89298,120],{"class":58},[44,89300,63],{"class":62},[44,89302,45799],{"class":66},[44,89304,63],{"class":62},[44,89306,83],{"class":58},[44,89308,2961],{"class":95},[44,89310,2958],{"class":54},[44,89312,37875],{"class":95},[44,89314,129],{"class":58},[20,89316,2576],{},[35,89318,89320],{"className":37,"code":89319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89321,89322,89326,89335],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89323,89324],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89325,85598],{"class":50},[44,89327,89328,89331,89333],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89329,89330],{"class":50},"Score",[44,89332,72],{"class":58},[44,89334,3091],{"class":95},[44,89336,89337,89339,89341],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,89338,45839],{"class":50},[44,89340,72],{"class":58},[44,89342,3091],{"class":95},[20,89344,89345],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[30,89347,89349],{"id":89348},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89351,89352,89353,113],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89354,46688],{},[981,89356,89358],{"id":89357},"print-text","Print text",[20,89360,89361],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[35,89363,89365],{"className":37,"code":89364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89366,89367,89381],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89368,89369,89371,89373,89375,89377,89379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89370,136],{"class":135},[44,89372,120],{"class":58},[44,89374,63],{"class":62},[44,89376,35095],{"class":66},[44,89378,63],{"class":62},[44,89380,129],{"class":58},[44,89382,89383,89385,89387,89389,89392,89394],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89384,136],{"class":135},[44,89386,120],{"class":58},[44,89388,63],{"class":62},[44,89390,89391],{"class":66},"Python is fun",[44,89393,63],{"class":62},[44,89395,129],{"class":58},[981,89397,89399],{"id":89398},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89401,89402],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[35,89404,89406],{"className":37,"code":89405,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89407,89408,89418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89409,89410,89412,89414,89416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89411,136],{"class":135},[44,89413,120],{"class":58},[44,89415,2643],{"class":95},[44,89417,129],{"class":58},[44,89419,89420,89422,89424,89426],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89421,136],{"class":135},[44,89423,120],{"class":58},[44,89425,40376],{"class":95},[44,89427,129],{"class":58},[981,89429,89431],{"id":89430},"print-variables","Print variables",[35,89433,89435],{"className":37,"code":89434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89436,89437,89445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89438,89439,89441,89443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89440,5596],{"class":50},[44,89442,55],{"class":54},[44,89444,14589],{"class":95},[44,89446,89447,89449,89451,89453],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89448,136],{"class":135},[44,89450,120],{"class":58},[44,89452,85762],{"class":116},[44,89454,129],{"class":58},[981,89456,89458],{"id":89457},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[35,89460,89462],{"className":37,"code":89461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89463,89464,89478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89465,89466,89468,89470,89472,89474,89476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89467,136],{"class":135},[44,89469,120],{"class":58},[44,89471,2561],{"class":95},[44,89473,2958],{"class":54},[44,89475,2955],{"class":95},[44,89477,129],{"class":58},[44,89479,89480,89482,89484,89486,89488,89490],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89481,136],{"class":135},[44,89483,120],{"class":58},[44,89485,1559],{"class":95},[44,89487,83074],{"class":54},[44,89489,2961],{"class":95},[44,89491,129],{"class":58},[20,89493,89494,89495,113],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[625,89496,51214],{"href":51213},[30,89498,89500],{"id":89499},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89502,89503,89505],{},[15,89504,46688],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89507,89508],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[35,89510,89512],{"className":37,"code":89511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89513,89514,89527,89535,89539,89558],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89515,89516,89518,89520,89522,89525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89517,8372],{"class":50},[44,89519,55],{"class":54},[44,89521,75],{"class":62},[44,89523,89524],{"class":66},"Ava",[44,89526,3865],{"class":62},[44,89528,89529,89531,89533],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89530,1036],{"class":50},[44,89532,55],{"class":54},[44,89534,3091],{"class":95},[44,89536,89537],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,89538,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,89540,89541,89543,89545,89547,89550,89552,89554,89556],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,89542,136],{"class":135},[44,89544,120],{"class":58},[44,89546,63],{"class":62},[44,89548,89549],{"class":66},"Name:",[44,89551,63],{"class":62},[44,89553,83],{"class":58},[44,89555,36221],{"class":116},[44,89557,129],{"class":58},[44,89559,89560,89562,89564,89566,89569,89571,89573,89575],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,89561,136],{"class":135},[44,89563,120],{"class":58},[44,89565,63],{"class":62},[44,89567,89568],{"class":66},"Age:",[44,89570,63],{"class":62},[44,89572,83],{"class":58},[44,89574,9681],{"class":116},[44,89576,129],{"class":58},[20,89578,2576],{},[35,89580,89582],{"className":37,"code":89581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89583,89584,89594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89585,89586,89589,89591],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89587,89588],{"class":50},"Name",[44,89590,72],{"class":58},[44,89592,89593],{"class":50}," Ava\n",[44,89595,89596,89599,89601],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89597,89598],{"class":50},"Age",[44,89600,72],{"class":58},[44,89602,3091],{"class":95},[20,89604,89605,89606,113],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89607,2564],{},[20,89609,89610],{},"For example, this works:",[35,89612,89614],{"className":37,"code":89613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89615,89616,89624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89617,89618,89620,89622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89619,1036],{"class":50},[44,89621,55],{"class":54},[44,89623,3091],{"class":95},[44,89625,89626,89628,89630,89632,89634,89636,89638,89640],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89627,136],{"class":135},[44,89629,120],{"class":58},[44,89631,63],{"class":62},[44,89633,89568],{"class":66},[44,89635,63],{"class":62},[44,89637,83],{"class":58},[44,89639,9681],{"class":116},[44,89641,129],{"class":58},[20,89643,37157],{},[35,89645,89647],{"className":37,"code":89646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89648,89649,89657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89650,89651,89653,89655],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89652,1036],{"class":50},[44,89654,55],{"class":54},[44,89656,3091],{"class":95},[44,89658,89659,89661,89663,89665,89668,89670,89672,89674],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89660,136],{"class":135},[44,89662,120],{"class":58},[44,89664,63],{"class":62},[44,89666,89667],{"class":66},"Age: ",[44,89669,63],{"class":62},[44,89671,2958],{"class":54},[44,89673,9681],{"class":116},[44,89675,129],{"class":58},[20,89677,89678,89679,89682,89683,89685,89686,89688,89689,113],{},"That fails because ",[15,89680,89681],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89684,88],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89687,2564],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[625,89690,89691],{"href":42409},[15,89692,47920],{},[30,89694,89696],{"id":89695},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89698,89699,89701],{},[15,89700,46688],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[252,89703,89704,89710,89715,89720],{},[255,89705,89706,89709],{},[15,89707,89708],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[255,89711,89712,89714],{},[15,89713,52899],{}," controls what is added after the output",[255,89716,89717,89719],{},[15,89718,86984],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[255,89721,89722,89725],{},[15,89723,89724],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89727,89728,89729,976,89731,113],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89730,89708],{},[15,89732,52899],{},[30,89734,89736,36846],{"id":89735},"sep-argument",[15,89737,89708],{},[20,89739,2482,89740,89742],{},[15,89741,89708],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89744,89745],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[981,89747,89749],{"id":89748},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[35,89751,89753],{"className":37,"code":89752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89754,89755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89756,89757,89759,89761,89763,89765,89767,89769,89771,89773,89775,89777,89779,89781,89783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89758,136],{"class":135},[44,89760,120],{"class":58},[44,89762,63],{"class":62},[44,89764,13556],{"class":66},[44,89766,63],{"class":62},[44,89768,83],{"class":58},[44,89770,75],{"class":62},[44,89772,17907],{"class":66},[44,89774,63],{"class":62},[44,89776,83],{"class":58},[44,89778,75],{"class":62},[44,89780,13573],{"class":66},[44,89782,63],{"class":62},[44,89784,129],{"class":58},[20,89786,2576],{},[35,89788,89790],{"className":37,"code":89789,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red green blue\n",[15,89791,89792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89793,89794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89795,89789],{"class":50},[981,89797,89799],{"id":89798},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[35,89801,89803],{"className":37,"code":89802,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89804,89805,89848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89806,89807,89809,89811,89813,89815,89817,89819,89821,89823,89825,89827,89829,89831,89833,89835,89838,89840,89842,89844,89846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89808,136],{"class":135},[44,89810,120],{"class":58},[44,89812,63],{"class":62},[44,89814,13556],{"class":66},[44,89816,63],{"class":62},[44,89818,83],{"class":58},[44,89820,75],{"class":62},[44,89822,17907],{"class":66},[44,89824,63],{"class":62},[44,89826,83],{"class":58},[44,89828,75],{"class":62},[44,89830,13573],{"class":66},[44,89832,63],{"class":62},[44,89834,83],{"class":58},[44,89836,89837],{"class":9668}," sep",[44,89839,55],{"class":54},[44,89841,63],{"class":62},[44,89843,83],{"class":66},[44,89845,63],{"class":62},[44,89847,129],{"class":58},[44,89849,89850,89852,89854,89856,89858,89860,89862,89864,89866,89868,89870,89872,89874,89876,89878,89880,89882,89884,89887,89889],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89851,136],{"class":135},[44,89853,120],{"class":58},[44,89855,63],{"class":62},[44,89857,13556],{"class":66},[44,89859,63],{"class":62},[44,89861,83],{"class":58},[44,89863,75],{"class":62},[44,89865,17907],{"class":66},[44,89867,63],{"class":62},[44,89869,83],{"class":58},[44,89871,75],{"class":62},[44,89873,13573],{"class":66},[44,89875,63],{"class":62},[44,89877,83],{"class":58},[44,89879,89837],{"class":9668},[44,89881,55],{"class":54},[44,89883,63],{"class":62},[44,89885,89886],{"class":66}," - ",[44,89888,63],{"class":62},[44,89890,129],{"class":58},[20,89892,2576],{},[35,89894,89896],{"className":37,"code":89895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89897,89898,89910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89899,89900,89902,89904,89906,89908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89901,13556],{"class":50},[44,89903,83],{"class":58},[44,89905,17907],{"class":50},[44,89907,83],{"class":58},[44,89909,70223],{"class":50},[44,89911,89912,89915,89917,89920,89922],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89913,89914],{"class":50},"red ",[44,89916,2526],{"class":54},[44,89918,89919],{"class":50}," green ",[44,89921,2526],{"class":54},[44,89923,36110],{"class":50},[20,89925,89926,89928],{},[15,89927,89708],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89930,89931,89932,113],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[625,89933,89935],{"href":89934},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[30,89937,89939,36846],{"id":89938},"end-argument",[15,89940,52899],{},[20,89942,89943,89944,89946,89947,89949],{},"By default, ",[15,89945,46688],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89948,46688],{}," starts on a new line.",[981,89951,89749],{"id":89952},"default-behavior-1",[35,89954,89956],{"className":37,"code":89955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89957,89958,89972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89959,89960,89962,89964,89966,89968,89970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89961,136],{"class":135},[44,89963,120],{"class":58},[44,89965,63],{"class":62},[44,89967,35095],{"class":66},[44,89969,63],{"class":62},[44,89971,129],{"class":58},[44,89973,89974,89976,89978,89980,89983,89985],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89975,136],{"class":135},[44,89977,120],{"class":58},[44,89979,63],{"class":62},[44,89981,89982],{"class":66},"World",[44,89984,63],{"class":62},[44,89986,129],{"class":58},[20,89988,2576],{},[35,89990,89992],{"className":37,"code":89991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89993,89994,89998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89995,89996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89997,89191],{"class":50},[44,89999,90000],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90001,90002],{"class":50},"World\n",[981,90004,90006],{"id":90005},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[35,90008,90010],{"className":37,"code":90009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90011,90012,90034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90013,90014,90016,90018,90020,90022,90024,90026,90028,90030,90032],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90015,136],{"class":135},[44,90017,120],{"class":58},[44,90019,63],{"class":62},[44,90021,35095],{"class":66},[44,90023,63],{"class":62},[44,90025,83],{"class":58},[44,90027,65282],{"class":9668},[44,90029,55],{"class":54},[44,90031,6773],{"class":62},[44,90033,129],{"class":58},[44,90035,90036,90038,90040,90042,90044,90046],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90037,136],{"class":135},[44,90039,120],{"class":58},[44,90041,63],{"class":62},[44,90043,89982],{"class":66},[44,90045,63],{"class":62},[44,90047,129],{"class":58},[20,90049,2576],{},[35,90051,90053],{"className":37,"code":90052,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HelloWorld\n",[15,90054,90055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90056,90057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90058,90052],{"class":50},[981,90060,90062],{"id":90061},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[35,90064,90066],{"className":37,"code":90065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90067,90068,90097],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90069,90070,90072,90074,90076,90078,90080,90082,90084,90086,90088,90091,90093,90095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90071,136],{"class":135},[44,90073,120],{"class":58},[44,90075,63],{"class":62},[44,90077,35095],{"class":66},[44,90079,63],{"class":62},[44,90081,83],{"class":58},[44,90083,65282],{"class":9668},[44,90085,55],{"class":54},[44,90087,63],{"class":62},[44,90089,90090],{"class":66},"!",[44,90092,87395],{"class":34680},[44,90094,63],{"class":62},[44,90096,129],{"class":58},[44,90098,90099,90101,90103,90105,90107,90109],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90100,136],{"class":135},[44,90102,120],{"class":58},[44,90104,63],{"class":62},[44,90106,89982],{"class":66},[44,90108,63],{"class":62},[44,90110,129],{"class":58},[20,90112,2576],{},[35,90114,90116],{"className":37,"code":90115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,90117,90118,90123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90119,90120],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90121,90122],{"class":50},"Hello!\n",[44,90124,90125],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90126,90002],{"class":50},[20,90128,2482,90129,90131],{},[15,90130,52899],{}," argument is useful for:",[252,90133,90134,90137,90140],{},[255,90135,90136],{},"progress messages",[255,90138,90139],{},"inline output",[255,90141,90142],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[30,90144,90146,2901,90148],{"id":90145},"print-returns-none",[15,90147,46688],{},[15,90149,4282],{},[20,90151,90152,90153,90155],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,90154,46688],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,90157,269],{},[35,90159,90161],{"className":37,"code":90160,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,90162,90163,90183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90164,90165,90167,90169,90172,90174,90176,90179,90181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90166,1953],{"class":50},[44,90168,55],{"class":54},[44,90170,90171],{"class":135}," print",[44,90173,120],{"class":58},[44,90175,63],{"class":62},[44,90177,90178],{"class":66},"Hi",[44,90180,63],{"class":62},[44,90182,129],{"class":58},[44,90184,90185,90187,90189,90191],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90186,136],{"class":135},[44,90188,120],{"class":58},[44,90190,1984],{"class":116},[44,90192,129],{"class":58},[20,90194,2576],{},[35,90196,90198],{"className":37,"code":90197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90199,90200,90205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90201,90202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90203,90204],{"class":50},"Hi\n",[44,90206,90207],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90208,12280],{"class":1266},[20,90210,90211],{},"Why does this happen?",[252,90213,90214,90222,90227],{},[255,90215,90216,90219,90220],{},[15,90217,90218],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90221,90178],{},[255,90223,90224,90225],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90226,4282],{},[255,90228,90229,90230,12392,90232],{},"so ",[15,90231,1984],{},[15,90233,4282],{},[20,90235,90236,90237,90239],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90238,46688],{}," call.",[35,90241,90243],{"className":37,"code":90242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90244,90245,90258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90246,90247,90250,90252,90254,90256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90248,90249],{"class":50},"message ",[44,90251,55],{"class":54},[44,90253,75],{"class":62},[44,90255,90178],{"class":66},[44,90257,3865],{"class":62},[44,90259,90260,90262,90264,90267],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90261,136],{"class":135},[44,90263,120],{"class":58},[44,90265,90266],{"class":116},"message",[44,90268,129],{"class":58},[20,90270,90271,90272,90274,90275,90279],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90273,46688],{}," with functions like ",[625,90276,90277],{"href":8714},[15,90278,3464],{},", which do return a value.",[30,90281,90283,90284],{"id":90282},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90285,46688],{},[20,90287,90288,90289,90291],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90290,46688],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[252,90293,90294,90297,90300,90303],{},[255,90295,90296],{},"to display results to the user",[255,90298,90299],{},"to show messages in a script",[255,90301,90302],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[255,90304,90305],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90307,269],{},[35,90309,90311],{"className":37,"code":90310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90312,90313,90321,90325,90345,90356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90314,90315,90317,90319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90316,41416],{"class":50},[44,90318,55],{"class":54},[44,90320,38745],{"class":95},[44,90322,90323],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90324,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,90326,90327,90329,90331,90333,90335,90337,90339,90341,90343],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,90328,6459],{"class":1140},[44,90330,6888],{"class":50},[44,90332,4385],{"class":1140},[44,90334,54309],{"class":135},[44,90336,120],{"class":58},[44,90338,1588],{"class":95},[44,90340,83],{"class":58},[44,90342,2961],{"class":95},[44,90344,8837],{"class":58},[44,90346,90347,90350,90353],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,90348,90349],{"class":50},"    total ",[44,90351,90352],{"class":54},"+=",[44,90354,90355],{"class":50}," number\n",[44,90357,90358,90360,90362,90364,90367,90369,90371,90373,90375,90377,90379,90381,90383,90385],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,90359,1387],{"class":135},[44,90361,120],{"class":58},[44,90363,63],{"class":62},[44,90365,90366],{"class":66},"Current number:",[44,90368,63],{"class":62},[44,90370,83],{"class":58},[44,90372,2703],{"class":116},[44,90374,83],{"class":58},[44,90376,75],{"class":62},[44,90378,45799],{"class":66},[44,90380,63],{"class":62},[44,90382,83],{"class":58},[44,90384,45806],{"class":116},[44,90386,129],{"class":58},[20,90388,2576],{},[35,90390,90392],{"className":37,"code":90391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90393,90394,90410,90424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90395,90396,90399,90401,90403,90406,90408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90397,90398],{"class":50},"Current number",[44,90400,72],{"class":58},[44,90402,1703],{"class":95},[44,90404,90405],{"class":50}," Total",[44,90407,72],{"class":58},[44,90409,29839],{"class":95},[44,90411,90412,90414,90416,90418,90420,90422],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90413,90398],{"class":50},[44,90415,72],{"class":58},[44,90417,1717],{"class":95},[44,90419,90405],{"class":50},[44,90421,72],{"class":58},[44,90423,3081],{"class":95},[44,90425,90426,90428,90430,90432,90434,90436],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,90427,90398],{"class":50},[44,90429,72],{"class":58},[44,90431,2955],{"class":95},[44,90433,90405],{"class":50},[44,90435,72],{"class":58},[44,90437,90438],{"class":95}," 6\n",[20,90440,90441,90442,113],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[625,90443,90445],{"href":90444},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[30,90447,3335],{"id":3334},[20,90449,90450,90451,113],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90452,46688],{},[981,90454,90456],{"id":90455},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90458,90459],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[35,90461,90463],{"className":37,"code":90462,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90464,90465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90466,90467,90469,90471,90473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90468,136],{"class":135},[44,90470,120],{"class":58},[44,90472,35095],{"class":116},[44,90474,129],{"class":58},[20,90476,2154,90477,90479],{},[15,90478,35095],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90481,11288],{},[35,90483,90485],{"className":37,"code":90484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90486,90487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90488,90489,90491,90493,90495,90497,90499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90490,136],{"class":135},[44,90492,120],{"class":58},[44,90494,63],{"class":62},[44,90496,35095],{"class":66},[44,90498,63],{"class":62},[44,90500,129],{"class":58},[981,90502,1785,90504,90506],{"id":90503},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90505,136],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90508,90509],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[35,90511,90513],{"className":37,"code":90512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90514,90515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90516,90517,90519,90521,90523],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90518,136],{"class":135},[44,90520,75],{"class":62},[44,90522,35095],{"class":66},[44,90524,3865],{"class":62},[20,90526,11288],{},[35,90528,90529],{"className":37,"code":90484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90530,90531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90532,90533,90535,90537,90539,90541,90543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90534,136],{"class":135},[44,90536,120],{"class":58},[44,90538,63],{"class":62},[44,90540,35095],{"class":66},[44,90542,63],{"class":62},[44,90544,129],{"class":58},[981,90546,90548,90549],{"id":90547},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90550,2564],{},[20,90552,90553,90554,113],{},"This causes a ",[15,90555,3511],{},[35,90557,90558],{"className":37,"code":89646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90559,90560,90568],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90561,90562,90564,90566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90563,1036],{"class":50},[44,90565,55],{"class":54},[44,90567,3091],{"class":95},[44,90569,90570,90572,90574,90576,90578,90580,90582,90584],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90571,136],{"class":135},[44,90573,120],{"class":58},[44,90575,63],{"class":62},[44,90577,89667],{"class":66},[44,90579,63],{"class":62},[44,90581,2958],{"class":54},[44,90583,9681],{"class":116},[44,90585,129],{"class":58},[20,90587,90588],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[35,90590,90592],{"className":37,"code":90591,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90593,90594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90595,90596,90598,90600,90602,90604,90606,90608,90610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90597,136],{"class":135},[44,90599,120],{"class":58},[44,90601,63],{"class":62},[44,90603,89568],{"class":66},[44,90605,63],{"class":62},[44,90607,83],{"class":58},[44,90609,9681],{"class":116},[44,90611,129],{"class":58},[20,90613,90614],{},"Or convert the number first:",[35,90616,90618],{"className":37,"code":90617,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90619,90620],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90621,90622,90624,90626,90628,90630,90632,90634,90636,90638,90640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90623,136],{"class":135},[44,90625,120],{"class":58},[44,90627,63],{"class":62},[44,90629,89667],{"class":66},[44,90631,63],{"class":62},[44,90633,2958],{"class":54},[44,90635,49141],{"class":2248},[44,90637,120],{"class":58},[44,90639,88],{"class":116},[44,90641,2239],{"class":58},[20,90643,90644,90645,113],{},"If you see this error, read ",[625,90646,90648],{"href":90647},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[981,90650,1904,90652,90654],{"id":90651},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90653,46688],{}," to return a value",[20,90656,90657,90658,35558,90661,72],{},"This does not store ",[15,90659,90660],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90662,1984],{},[35,90664,90666],{"className":37,"code":90665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90667,90668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90669,90670,90672,90674,90676,90678,90680,90682,90684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90671,1953],{"class":50},[44,90673,55],{"class":54},[44,90675,90171],{"class":135},[44,90677,120],{"class":58},[44,90679,63],{"class":62},[44,90681,35095],{"class":66},[44,90683,63],{"class":62},[44,90685,129],{"class":58},[20,90687,90688,90689,113],{},"It stores ",[15,90690,4282],{},[981,90692,90694,90695,976,90697],{"id":90693},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90696,89708],{},[15,90698,52899],{},[20,90700,86054],{},[252,90702,90703,90712],{},[255,90704,90705,90707,90708,90711],{},[15,90706,89708],{}," changes what goes ",[590,90709,90710],{},"between"," multiple values",[255,90713,90714,90716,90717,90720],{},[15,90715,52899],{}," changes what appears ",[590,90718,90719],{},"after"," the output",[30,90722,90724],{"id":90723},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90726,90727,90728,90730],{},"These simple ",[15,90729,46688],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[35,90732,90734],{"className":37,"code":90733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90735,90736,90756,90771],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90737,90738,90740,90742,90744,90747,90749,90751,90754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90739,136],{"class":135},[44,90741,120],{"class":58},[44,90743,63],{"class":62},[44,90745,90746],{"class":66},"Debug:",[44,90748,63],{"class":62},[44,90750,83],{"class":58},[44,90752,90753],{"class":116}," variable_name",[44,90755,129],{"class":58},[44,90757,90758,90760,90762,90764,90766,90769],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90759,136],{"class":135},[44,90761,120],{"class":58},[44,90763,2249],{"class":2248},[44,90765,120],{"class":58},[44,90767,90768],{"class":116},"variable_name",[44,90770,2239],{"class":58},[44,90772,90773,90775,90777,90779],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,90774,32378],{"class":135},[44,90776,120],{"class":58},[44,90778,136],{"class":135},[44,90780,129],{"class":58},[20,90782,90783],{},"What they do:",[252,90785,90786,90792,90798],{},[255,90787,90788,90791],{},[15,90789,90790],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[255,90793,90794,90797],{},[15,90795,90796],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[255,90799,90800,90803,90804],{},[15,90801,90802],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90805,46688],{},[30,90807,2301],{"id":2300},[981,90809,2329,90811,90813],{"id":90810},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90812,46688],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90815,90816,90817,90819,90820,36852],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90818,46688],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90821,52899],{},[981,90823,5671,90825,90827],{"id":90824},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90826,46688],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90829,90830,90831,90833],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90832,46688],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[981,90835,5659,90837,5662,90840,2363],{"id":90836},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90838,90839],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90841,4282],{},[20,90843,29285,90844,90846],{},[15,90845,46688],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[981,90848,90850],{"id":90849},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90852,90853],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[35,90855,90857],{"className":37,"code":90856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90858,90859],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90860,90861,90863,90865,90867,90869,90871,90873,90875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90862,136],{"class":135},[44,90864,120],{"class":58},[44,90866,63],{"class":62},[44,90868,89568],{"class":66},[44,90870,63],{"class":62},[44,90872,83],{"class":58},[44,90874,632],{"class":95},[44,90876,129],{"class":58},[20,90878,90879,90880,40162],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90881,47920],{},[981,90883,2358,90885,976,90887,2363],{"id":90884},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90886,89708],{},[15,90888,52899],{},[252,90890,90891,90896],{},[255,90892,90893,90895],{},[15,90894,89708],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[255,90897,90898,90900],{},[15,90899,52899],{}," changes what appears after the output",[30,90902,2375],{"id":2374},[252,90904,90905,90909,90915,90921,90926,90931],{},[255,90906,90907],{},[625,90908,51214],{"href":51213},[255,90910,90911],{},[625,90912,4083,90913,4016],{"href":8714},[15,90914,3464],{},[255,90916,90917],{},[625,90918,4083,90919,4016],{"href":42409},[15,90920,47920],{},[255,90922,90923],{},[625,90924,90925],{"href":89934},"How to format strings in Python",[255,90927,90928],{},[625,90929,90930],{"href":90444},"How to debug Python code",[255,90932,90933],{},[625,90934,90648],{"href":90647},[2414,90936,90937],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":90939},[90940,90941,90943,90944,90950,90951,90952,90957,90963,90965,90967,90978,90979,90990],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":89112,"depth":102,"text":90942},"What print() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":89348,"depth":102,"text":89349,"children":90945},[90946,90947,90948,90949],{"id":89357,"depth":132,"text":89358},{"id":89398,"depth":132,"text":89399},{"id":89430,"depth":132,"text":89431},{"id":89457,"depth":132,"text":89458},{"id":89499,"depth":102,"text":89500},{"id":89695,"depth":102,"text":89696},{"id":89735,"depth":102,"text":90953,"children":90954},"sep argument",[90955,90956],{"id":89748,"depth":132,"text":89749},{"id":89798,"depth":132,"text":89799},{"id":89938,"depth":102,"text":90958,"children":90959},"end argument",[90960,90961,90962],{"id":89952,"depth":132,"text":89749},{"id":90005,"depth":132,"text":90006},{"id":90061,"depth":132,"text":90062},{"id":90145,"depth":102,"text":90964},"print() returns None",{"id":90282,"depth":102,"text":90966},"When beginners use print()",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":90968},[90969,90970,90972,90974,90976],{"id":90455,"depth":132,"text":90456},{"id":90503,"depth":132,"text":90971},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90547,"depth":132,"text":90973},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90651,"depth":132,"text":90975},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90693,"depth":132,"text":90977},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90723,"depth":102,"text":90724},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":90980},[90981,90983,90985,90987,90988],{"id":90810,"depth":132,"text":90982},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90824,"depth":132,"text":90984},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90836,"depth":132,"text":90986},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90849,"depth":132,"text":90850},{"id":90884,"depth":132,"text":90989},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88995,"description":90991},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90998,"title":90999,"body":91000,"description":93304,"extension":2465,"meta":93305,"navigation":169,"path":93306,"seo":93307,"stem":93308,"__hash__":93309},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":91001,"toc":93250},[91002,91007,91012,91025,91027,91092,91103,91108,91113,91115,91138,91141,91172,91174,91191,91196,91202,91207,91256,91259,91276,91282,91287,91310,91312,91340,91346,91354,91381,91383,91408,91414,91417,91448,91450,91479,91483,91486,91491,91513,91515,91543,91549,91555,91581,91583,91607,91613,91619,91649,91651,91679,91689,91693,91699,91732,91734,91763,91766,91769,91802,91804,91812,91818,91820,91843,91848,91857,91862,91876,91878,91918,91920,91950,91954,91989,91995,91999,92043,92045,92075,92081,92084,92163,92165,92187,92195,92198,92261,92269,92344,92350,92357,92362,92367,92390,92392,92413,92415,92428,92430,92477,92479,92518,92527,92529,92533,92537,92540,92567,92570,92599,92602,92626,92629,92637,92643,92665,92667,92695,92699,92704,92759,92764,92766,92823,92830,92839,92842,92874,92876,92884,92887,92893,92895,92918,92921,92927,92930,92949,92951,92970,92973,92995,92997,93025,93029,93033,93138,93140,93153,93155,93161,93164,93172,93177,93183,93189,93194,93202,93208,93215,93217,93247],[10,91003,4083,91005,4087],{"id":91004},"python-range-function-explained",[15,91006,36428],{},[20,91008,32543,91009,91011],{},[15,91010,36428],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,91013,91014,91015,91017,91018,91020,91021,91024],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,91016,6459],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,91019,36428],{}," stops ",[590,91022,91023],{},"before"," the end value.",[30,91026,2507],{"id":2506},[35,91028,91030],{"className":37,"code":91029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,91031,91032,91048,91058,91062,91067,91072,91077,91082,91087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91033,91034,91036,91038,91040,91042,91044,91046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91035,6459],{"class":1140},[44,91037,69790],{"class":50},[44,91039,4385],{"class":1140},[44,91041,54309],{"class":135},[44,91043,120],{"class":58},[44,91045,2643],{"class":95},[44,91047,8837],{"class":58},[44,91049,91050,91052,91054,91056],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91051,1387],{"class":135},[44,91053,120],{"class":58},[44,91055,36384],{"class":116},[44,91057,129],{"class":58},[44,91059,91060],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,91061,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,91063,91064],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,91065,91066],{"class":147},"# Output:\n",[44,91068,91069],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,91070,91071],{"class":147},"# 0\n",[44,91073,91074],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,91075,91076],{"class":147},"# 1\n",[44,91078,91079],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,91080,91081],{"class":147},"# 2\n",[44,91083,91084],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,91085,91086],{"class":147},"# 3\n",[44,91088,91089],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,91090,91091],{"class":147},"# 4\n",[20,91093,91094,91097,91098,91100,91101,113],{},[15,91095,91096],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,91099,2626],{}," and stopping before ",[15,91102,2643],{},[30,91104,243,91106,246],{"id":91105},"what-range-does",[15,91107,36428],{},[20,91109,91110,91112],{},[15,91111,36428],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,91114,13515],{},[252,91116,91117,91122,91128,91133],{},[255,91118,91119,91121],{},[15,91120,36428],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[255,91123,91124,91125,91127],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,91126,6459],{}," loops",[255,91129,91130,91131],{},"The stop value is ",[590,91132,65311],{},[255,91134,17873,91135,91137],{},[15,91136,60239],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,91139,91140],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[35,91142,91144],{"className":37,"code":91143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,91145,91146,91162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91147,91148,91150,91152,91154,91156,91158,91160],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91149,6459],{"class":1140},[44,91151,6888],{"class":50},[44,91153,4385],{"class":1140},[44,91155,54309],{"class":135},[44,91157,120],{"class":58},[44,91159,2567],{"class":95},[44,91161,8837],{"class":58},[44,91163,91164,91166,91168,91170],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91165,1387],{"class":135},[44,91167,120],{"class":58},[44,91169,2744],{"class":116},[44,91171,129],{"class":58},[20,91173,2576],{},[35,91175,91177],{"className":37,"code":91176,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,91178,91179,91183,91187],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91180,91181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91182,47488],{"class":95},[44,91184,91185],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91186,47153],{"class":95},[44,91188,91189],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,91190,17510],{"class":95},[20,91192,91193,91194,113],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[625,91195,36258],{"href":36257},[30,91197,91199,91201],{"id":91198},"range-syntax",[15,91200,36428],{}," syntax",[20,91203,91204,91206],{},[15,91205,36428],{}," has three common forms:",[35,91208,91210],{"className":37,"code":91209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91211,91212,91222,91237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91213,91214,91216,91218,91220],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91215,60239],{"class":135},[44,91217,120],{"class":58},[44,91219,75668],{"class":116},[44,91221,129],{"class":58},[44,91223,91224,91226,91228,91230,91232,91235],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91225,60239],{"class":135},[44,91227,120],{"class":58},[44,91229,36302],{"class":116},[44,91231,83],{"class":58},[44,91233,91234],{"class":116}," stop",[44,91236,129],{"class":58},[44,91238,91239,91241,91243,91245,91247,91249,91251,91254],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,91240,60239],{"class":135},[44,91242,120],{"class":58},[44,91244,36302],{"class":116},[44,91246,83],{"class":58},[44,91248,91234],{"class":116},[44,91250,83],{"class":58},[44,91252,91253],{"class":116}," step",[44,91255,129],{"class":58},[20,91257,91258],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[252,91260,91261,91266,91271],{},[255,91262,91263,91265],{},[15,91264,36302],{}," = first number",[255,91267,91268,91270],{},[15,91269,75668],{}," = end limit, not included",[255,91272,91273,91275],{},[15,91274,75671],{}," = amount to move each time",[981,91277,91279],{"id":91278},"rangestop",[15,91280,91281],{},"range(stop)",[20,91283,91284,91285,113],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91286,2626],{},[35,91288,91290],{"className":37,"code":91289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91291,91292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91293,91294,91296,91298,91300,91302,91304,91306,91308],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91295,136],{"class":135},[44,91297,120],{"class":58},[44,91299,8588],{"class":2248},[44,91301,120],{"class":58},[44,91303,60239],{"class":135},[44,91305,120],{"class":58},[44,91307,2643],{"class":95},[44,91309,3418],{"class":58},[20,91311,2576],{},[35,91313,91314],{"className":37,"code":60262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91315,91316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91317,91318,91320,91322,91324,91326,91328,91330,91332,91334,91336,91338],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91319,896],{"class":58},[44,91321,2626],{"class":95},[44,91323,83],{"class":58},[44,91325,1703],{"class":95},[44,91327,83],{"class":58},[44,91329,1717],{"class":95},[44,91331,83],{"class":58},[44,91333,2955],{"class":95},[44,91335,83],{"class":58},[44,91337,2961],{"class":95},[44,91339,1153],{"class":58},[981,91341,91343],{"id":91342},"rangestart-stop",[15,91344,91345],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91347,91348,91349,91351,91352,113],{},"This starts at ",[15,91350,36302],{}," and stops before ",[15,91353,75668],{},[35,91355,91357],{"className":37,"code":91356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91358,91359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91360,91361,91363,91365,91367,91369,91371,91373,91375,91377,91379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91362,136],{"class":135},[44,91364,120],{"class":58},[44,91366,8588],{"class":2248},[44,91368,120],{"class":58},[44,91370,60239],{"class":135},[44,91372,120],{"class":58},[44,91374,2561],{"class":95},[44,91376,83],{"class":58},[44,91378,37875],{"class":95},[44,91380,3418],{"class":58},[20,91382,2576],{},[35,91384,91386],{"className":37,"code":91385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91387,91388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91389,91390,91392,91394,91396,91398,91400,91402,91404,91406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91391,896],{"class":58},[44,91393,2561],{"class":95},[44,91395,83],{"class":58},[44,91397,2955],{"class":95},[44,91399,83],{"class":58},[44,91401,2961],{"class":95},[44,91403,83],{"class":58},[44,91405,5108],{"class":95},[44,91407,1153],{"class":58},[981,91409,91411],{"id":91410},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91412,91413],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91415,91416],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[35,91418,91420],{"className":37,"code":91419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91421,91422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91423,91424,91426,91428,91430,91432,91434,91436,91438,91440,91442,91444,91446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91425,136],{"class":135},[44,91427,120],{"class":58},[44,91429,8588],{"class":2248},[44,91431,120],{"class":58},[44,91433,60239],{"class":135},[44,91435,120],{"class":58},[44,91437,1588],{"class":95},[44,91439,83],{"class":58},[44,91441,632],{"class":95},[44,91443,83],{"class":58},[44,91445,1717],{"class":95},[44,91447,3418],{"class":58},[20,91449,2576],{},[35,91451,91453],{"className":37,"code":91452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91454,91455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91456,91457,91459,91461,91463,91465,91467,91469,91471,91473,91475,91477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91458,896],{"class":58},[44,91460,1588],{"class":95},[44,91462,83],{"class":58},[44,91464,2955],{"class":95},[44,91466,83],{"class":58},[44,91468,5108],{"class":95},[44,91470,83],{"class":58},[44,91472,6495],{"class":95},[44,91474,83],{"class":58},[44,91476,54375],{"class":95},[44,91478,1153],{"class":58},[30,91480,91482],{"id":91481},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91484,91485],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[981,91487,91489],{"id":91488},"range5",[15,91490,91096],{},[35,91492,91493],{"className":37,"code":91289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91494,91495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91496,91497,91499,91501,91503,91505,91507,91509,91511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91498,136],{"class":135},[44,91500,120],{"class":58},[44,91502,8588],{"class":2248},[44,91504,120],{"class":58},[44,91506,60239],{"class":135},[44,91508,120],{"class":58},[44,91510,2643],{"class":95},[44,91512,3418],{"class":58},[20,91514,2576],{},[35,91516,91517],{"className":37,"code":60262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91518,91519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91520,91521,91523,91525,91527,91529,91531,91533,91535,91537,91539,91541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91522,896],{"class":58},[44,91524,2626],{"class":95},[44,91526,83],{"class":58},[44,91528,1703],{"class":95},[44,91530,83],{"class":58},[44,91532,1717],{"class":95},[44,91534,83],{"class":58},[44,91536,2955],{"class":95},[44,91538,83],{"class":58},[44,91540,2961],{"class":95},[44,91542,1153],{"class":58},[20,91544,91348,91545,91351,91547,113],{},[15,91546,2626],{},[15,91548,2643],{},[981,91550,91552],{"id":91551},"range2-6",[15,91553,91554],{},"range(2, 6)",[35,91556,91557],{"className":37,"code":91356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91558,91559],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91560,91561,91563,91565,91567,91569,91571,91573,91575,91577,91579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91562,136],{"class":135},[44,91564,120],{"class":58},[44,91566,8588],{"class":2248},[44,91568,120],{"class":58},[44,91570,60239],{"class":135},[44,91572,120],{"class":58},[44,91574,2561],{"class":95},[44,91576,83],{"class":58},[44,91578,37875],{"class":95},[44,91580,3418],{"class":58},[20,91582,2576],{},[35,91584,91585],{"className":37,"code":91385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91586,91587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91588,91589,91591,91593,91595,91597,91599,91601,91603,91605],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91590,896],{"class":58},[44,91592,2561],{"class":95},[44,91594,83],{"class":58},[44,91596,2955],{"class":95},[44,91598,83],{"class":58},[44,91600,2961],{"class":95},[44,91602,83],{"class":58},[44,91604,5108],{"class":95},[44,91606,1153],{"class":58},[20,91608,91348,91609,91351,91611,113],{},[15,91610,2561],{},[15,91612,80836],{},[981,91614,91616],{"id":91615},"range1-10-2",[15,91617,91618],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[35,91620,91621],{"className":37,"code":91419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91622,91623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91624,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637,91639,91641,91643,91645,91647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91626,136],{"class":135},[44,91628,120],{"class":58},[44,91630,8588],{"class":2248},[44,91632,120],{"class":58},[44,91634,60239],{"class":135},[44,91636,120],{"class":58},[44,91638,1588],{"class":95},[44,91640,83],{"class":58},[44,91642,632],{"class":95},[44,91644,83],{"class":58},[44,91646,1717],{"class":95},[44,91648,3418],{"class":58},[20,91650,2576],{},[35,91652,91653],{"className":37,"code":91452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91654,91655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91656,91657,91659,91661,91663,91665,91667,91669,91671,91673,91675,91677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91658,896],{"class":58},[44,91660,1588],{"class":95},[44,91662,83],{"class":58},[44,91664,2955],{"class":95},[44,91666,83],{"class":58},[44,91668,5108],{"class":95},[44,91670,83],{"class":58},[44,91672,6495],{"class":95},[44,91674,83],{"class":58},[44,91676,54375],{"class":95},[44,91678,1153],{"class":58},[20,91680,91681,91682,91684,91685,61542,91687,113],{},"This moves by ",[15,91683,2561],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91686,1588],{},[15,91688,2651],{},[981,91690,91692],{"id":91691},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91694,91695,91696,91698],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91697,36428],{}," count backward.",[35,91700,91702],{"className":37,"code":91701,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91703,91704],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91705,91706,91708,91710,91712,91714,91716,91718,91720,91722,91724,91726,91728,91730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91707,136],{"class":135},[44,91709,120],{"class":58},[44,91711,8588],{"class":2248},[44,91713,120],{"class":58},[44,91715,60239],{"class":135},[44,91717,120],{"class":58},[44,91719,2643],{"class":95},[44,91721,83],{"class":58},[44,91723,561],{"class":95},[44,91725,83],{"class":58},[44,91727,908],{"class":54},[44,91729,1588],{"class":95},[44,91731,3418],{"class":58},[20,91733,2576],{},[35,91735,91737],{"className":37,"code":91736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91738,91739],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91740,91741,91743,91745,91747,91749,91751,91753,91755,91757,91759,91761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91742,896],{"class":58},[44,91744,2643],{"class":95},[44,91746,83],{"class":58},[44,91748,2961],{"class":95},[44,91750,83],{"class":58},[44,91752,2955],{"class":95},[44,91754,83],{"class":58},[44,91756,1717],{"class":95},[44,91758,83],{"class":58},[44,91760,1703],{"class":95},[44,91762,1153],{"class":58},[20,91764,91765],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91767,91768],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[35,91770,91772],{"className":37,"code":91771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91773,91774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91775,91776,91778,91780,91782,91784,91786,91788,91790,91792,91794,91796,91798,91800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91777,136],{"class":135},[44,91779,120],{"class":58},[44,91781,8588],{"class":2248},[44,91783,120],{"class":58},[44,91785,60239],{"class":135},[44,91787,120],{"class":58},[44,91789,1588],{"class":95},[44,91791,83],{"class":58},[44,91793,5108],{"class":95},[44,91795,83],{"class":58},[44,91797,908],{"class":54},[44,91799,1588],{"class":95},[44,91801,3418],{"class":58},[20,91803,2576],{},[35,91805,91806],{"className":37,"code":38529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91807,91808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91809,91810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91811,38529],{"class":58},[981,91813,91814,76831,91816],{"id":77055},[15,91815,75671],{},[15,91817,2626],{},[20,91819,3342],{},[35,91821,91823],{"className":37,"code":91822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91824,91825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91826,91827,91829,91831,91833,91835,91837,91839,91841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91828,60239],{"class":135},[44,91830,120],{"class":58},[44,91832,1588],{"class":95},[44,91834,83],{"class":58},[44,91836,5108],{"class":95},[44,91838,83],{"class":58},[44,91840,561],{"class":95},[44,91842,129],{"class":58},[20,91844,77100,91845,91847],{},[15,91846,40937],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[30,91849,1785,91851,91853,91854,91856],{"id":91850},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91852,36428],{}," in a ",[15,91855,6459],{}," loop",[20,91858,91859,91861],{},[15,91860,36428],{}," is most useful when:",[252,91863,91864,91867,91870],{},[255,91865,91866],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[255,91868,91869],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[255,91871,91872,91873],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91874,91875],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91877,269],{},[35,91879,91881],{"className":37,"code":91880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91882,91883,91899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91884,91885,91887,91889,91891,91893,91895,91897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91886,6459],{"class":1140},[44,91888,69790],{"class":50},[44,91890,4385],{"class":1140},[44,91892,54309],{"class":135},[44,91894,120],{"class":58},[44,91896,2567],{"class":95},[44,91898,8837],{"class":58},[44,91900,91901,91903,91905,91907,91910,91912,91914,91916],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91902,1387],{"class":135},[44,91904,120],{"class":58},[44,91906,63],{"class":62},[44,91908,91909],{"class":66},"Loop number:",[44,91911,63],{"class":62},[44,91913,83],{"class":58},[44,91915,36359],{"class":116},[44,91917,129],{"class":58},[20,91919,2576],{},[35,91921,91923],{"className":37,"code":91922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91924,91925,91934,91942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91926,91927,91930,91932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91928,91929],{"class":50},"Loop number",[44,91931,72],{"class":58},[44,91933,38745],{"class":95},[44,91935,91936,91938,91940],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91937,91929],{"class":50},[44,91939,72],{"class":58},[44,91941,29839],{"class":95},[44,91943,91944,91946,91948],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,91945,91929],{"class":50},[44,91947,72],{"class":58},[44,91949,45825],{"class":95},[981,91951,91953],{"id":91952},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[35,91955,91957],{"className":37,"code":91956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91958,91959,91975],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91960,91961,91963,91965,91967,91969,91971,91973],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91962,6459],{"class":1140},[44,91964,69790],{"class":50},[44,91966,4385],{"class":1140},[44,91968,54309],{"class":135},[44,91970,120],{"class":58},[44,91972,2643],{"class":95},[44,91974,8837],{"class":58},[44,91976,91977,91979,91981,91983,91985,91987],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91978,1387],{"class":135},[44,91980,120],{"class":58},[44,91982,63],{"class":62},[44,91984,35095],{"class":66},[44,91986,63],{"class":62},[44,91988,129],{"class":58},[20,91990,91991,91992,91994],{},"This prints ",[15,91993,90660],{}," five times.",[981,91996,91998],{"id":91997},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[35,92000,92002],{"className":37,"code":92001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,92003,92004,92024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92005,92006,92008,92010,92012,92014,92016,92018,92020,92022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92007,6459],{"class":1140},[44,92009,69790],{"class":50},[44,92011,4385],{"class":1140},[44,92013,54309],{"class":135},[44,92015,120],{"class":58},[44,92017,1588],{"class":95},[44,92019,83],{"class":58},[44,92021,2961],{"class":95},[44,92023,8837],{"class":58},[44,92025,92026,92028,92030,92032,92035,92037,92039,92041],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92027,1387],{"class":135},[44,92029,120],{"class":58},[44,92031,63],{"class":62},[44,92033,92034],{"class":66},"Current number is",[44,92036,63],{"class":62},[44,92038,83],{"class":58},[44,92040,36359],{"class":116},[44,92042,129],{"class":58},[20,92044,2576],{},[35,92046,92048],{"className":37,"code":92047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,92049,92050,92059,92067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92051,92052,92055,92057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92053,92054],{"class":50},"Current number ",[44,92056,12666],{"class":54},[44,92058,29839],{"class":95},[44,92060,92061,92063,92065],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92062,92054],{"class":50},[44,92064,12666],{"class":54},[44,92066,45825],{"class":95},[44,92068,92069,92071,92073],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,92070,92054],{"class":50},[44,92072,12666],{"class":54},[44,92074,3081],{"class":95},[981,92076,92078,92080],{"id":92077},"range-and-indexing",[15,92079,36428],{}," and indexing",[20,92082,92083],{},"You may see code like this:",[35,92085,92087],{"className":37,"code":92086,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,92088,92089,92121,92125,92145],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92090,92091,92093,92095,92097,92099,92101,92103,92105,92107,92109,92111,92113,92115,92117,92119],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92092,8276],{"class":50},[44,92094,55],{"class":54},[44,92096,1556],{"class":58},[44,92098,63],{"class":62},[44,92100,625],{"class":66},[44,92102,63],{"class":62},[44,92104,83],{"class":58},[44,92106,75],{"class":62},[44,92108,639],{"class":66},[44,92110,63],{"class":62},[44,92112,83],{"class":58},[44,92114,75],{"class":62},[44,92116,696],{"class":66},[44,92118,63],{"class":62},[44,92120,1153],{"class":58},[44,92122,92123],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92124,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,92126,92127,92129,92131,92133,92135,92137,92139,92141,92143],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,92128,6459],{"class":1140},[44,92130,69790],{"class":50},[44,92132,4385],{"class":1140},[44,92134,54309],{"class":135},[44,92136,120],{"class":58},[44,92138,11641],{"class":135},[44,92140,120],{"class":58},[44,92142,8305],{"class":116},[44,92144,69805],{"class":58},[44,92146,92147,92149,92151,92153,92155,92157,92159,92161],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,92148,1387],{"class":135},[44,92150,120],{"class":58},[44,92152,36384],{"class":116},[44,92154,83],{"class":58},[44,92156,6467],{"class":116},[44,92158,896],{"class":58},[44,92160,36384],{"class":116},[44,92162,4391],{"class":58},[20,92164,2576],{},[35,92166,92167],{"className":37,"code":36396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92168,92169,92175,92181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92170,92171,92173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92172,2626],{"class":95},[44,92174,36405],{"class":50},[44,92176,92177,92179],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92178,1588],{"class":95},[44,92180,36412],{"class":50},[44,92182,92183,92185],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,92184,2561],{"class":95},[44,92186,36419],{"class":50},[20,92188,92189,92190,92194],{},"This works, and it uses ",[625,92191,92192],{"href":42592},[15,92193,42595],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,92196,92197],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[35,92199,92201],{"className":37,"code":92200,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92202,92203,92235,92239,92251],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92204,92205,92207,92209,92211,92213,92215,92217,92219,92221,92223,92225,92227,92229,92231,92233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92206,8276],{"class":50},[44,92208,55],{"class":54},[44,92210,1556],{"class":58},[44,92212,63],{"class":62},[44,92214,625],{"class":66},[44,92216,63],{"class":62},[44,92218,83],{"class":58},[44,92220,75],{"class":62},[44,92222,639],{"class":66},[44,92224,63],{"class":62},[44,92226,83],{"class":58},[44,92228,75],{"class":62},[44,92230,696],{"class":66},[44,92232,63],{"class":62},[44,92234,1153],{"class":58},[44,92236,92237],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92238,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,92240,92241,92243,92245,92247,92249],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,92242,6459],{"class":1140},[44,92244,6462],{"class":50},[44,92246,4385],{"class":1140},[44,92248,6467],{"class":50},[44,92250,1359],{"class":58},[44,92252,92253,92255,92257,92259],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,92254,1387],{"class":135},[44,92256,120],{"class":58},[44,92258,23749],{"class":116},[44,92260,129],{"class":58},[20,92262,36823,92263,92268],{},[625,92264,92266],{"href":92265},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92267,35978],{}," is usually a better choice:",[35,92270,92272],{"className":37,"code":92271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92273,92274,92306,92310,92330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92275,92276,92278,92280,92282,92284,92286,92288,92290,92292,92294,92296,92298,92300,92302,92304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92277,8276],{"class":50},[44,92279,55],{"class":54},[44,92281,1556],{"class":58},[44,92283,63],{"class":62},[44,92285,625],{"class":66},[44,92287,63],{"class":62},[44,92289,83],{"class":58},[44,92291,75],{"class":62},[44,92293,639],{"class":66},[44,92295,63],{"class":62},[44,92297,83],{"class":58},[44,92299,75],{"class":62},[44,92301,696],{"class":66},[44,92303,63],{"class":62},[44,92305,1153],{"class":58},[44,92307,92308],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92309,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,92311,92312,92314,92316,92318,92320,92322,92324,92326,92328],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,92313,6459],{"class":1140},[44,92315,36050],{"class":50},[44,92317,83],{"class":58},[44,92319,6462],{"class":50},[44,92321,4385],{"class":1140},[44,92323,36060],{"class":135},[44,92325,120],{"class":58},[44,92327,8305],{"class":116},[44,92329,8837],{"class":58},[44,92331,92332,92334,92336,92338,92340,92342],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,92333,1387],{"class":135},[44,92335,120],{"class":58},[44,92337,36075],{"class":116},[44,92339,83],{"class":58},[44,92341,29731],{"class":116},[44,92343,129],{"class":58},[20,92345,79360,92346,113],{},[625,92347,36836,92348,36839],{"href":36835},[15,92349,35978],{},[30,92351,92353,92354,92356],{"id":92352},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92355,36428],{}," to a list",[20,92358,92359,92361],{},[15,92360,36428],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92363,92364,92365,72],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92366,25220],{},[35,92368,92370],{"className":37,"code":92369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92371,92372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92373,92374,92376,92378,92380,92382,92384,92386,92388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92375,136],{"class":135},[44,92377,120],{"class":58},[44,92379,8588],{"class":2248},[44,92381,120],{"class":58},[44,92383,60239],{"class":135},[44,92385,120],{"class":58},[44,92387,2567],{"class":95},[44,92389,3418],{"class":58},[20,92391,2576],{},[35,92393,92395],{"className":37,"code":92394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92396,92397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92398,92399,92401,92403,92405,92407,92409,92411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92400,896],{"class":58},[44,92402,2626],{"class":95},[44,92404,83],{"class":58},[44,92406,1703],{"class":95},[44,92408,83],{"class":58},[44,92410,1717],{"class":95},[44,92412,1153],{"class":58},[20,92414,33538],{},[252,92416,92417,92422,92425],{},[255,92418,92419,92420,42319],{},"learning how ",[15,92421,36428],{},[255,92423,92424],{},"checking your values",[255,92426,92427],{},"debugging code",[20,92429,5973],{},[35,92431,92433],{"className":37,"code":92432,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92434,92435,92449,92453,92463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92436,92437,92439,92441,92443,92445,92447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92438,1551],{"class":50},[44,92440,55],{"class":54},[44,92442,54309],{"class":135},[44,92444,120],{"class":58},[44,92446,3008],{"class":95},[44,92448,129],{"class":58},[44,92450,92451],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92452,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,92454,92455,92457,92459,92461],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,92456,136],{"class":135},[44,92458,120],{"class":58},[44,92460,1579],{"class":116},[44,92462,129],{"class":58},[44,92464,92465,92467,92469,92471,92473,92475],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,92466,136],{"class":135},[44,92468,120],{"class":58},[44,92470,8588],{"class":2248},[44,92472,120],{"class":58},[44,92474,1579],{"class":116},[44,92476,2239],{"class":58},[20,92478,2576],{},[35,92480,92482],{"className":37,"code":92481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92483,92484,92498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92485,92486,92488,92490,92492,92494,92496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92487,60239],{"class":135},[44,92489,120],{"class":58},[44,92491,2626],{"class":95},[44,92493,83],{"class":58},[44,92495,2961],{"class":95},[44,92497,129],{"class":58},[44,92499,92500,92502,92504,92506,92508,92510,92512,92514,92516],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92501,896],{"class":58},[44,92503,2626],{"class":95},[44,92505,83],{"class":58},[44,92507,1703],{"class":95},[44,92509,83],{"class":58},[44,92511,1717],{"class":95},[44,92513,83],{"class":58},[44,92515,2955],{"class":95},[44,92517,1153],{"class":58},[20,92519,92520,92521,967,92523,92526],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92522,60239],{},[15,92524,92525],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[30,92528,1526],{"id":1525},[20,92530,33767,92531,113],{},[15,92532,36428],{},[981,92534,92536],{"id":92535},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92538,92539],{},"Many beginners think this:",[35,92541,92543],{"className":37,"code":92542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92544,92545],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92546,92547,92549,92551,92553,92555,92557,92559,92561,92563,92565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92548,136],{"class":135},[44,92550,120],{"class":58},[44,92552,8588],{"class":2248},[44,92554,120],{"class":58},[44,92556,60239],{"class":135},[44,92558,120],{"class":58},[44,92560,1588],{"class":95},[44,92562,83],{"class":58},[44,92564,5108],{"class":95},[44,92566,3418],{"class":58},[20,92568,92569],{},"will produce:",[35,92571,92573],{"className":37,"code":92572,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92574,92575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92576,92577,92579,92581,92583,92585,92587,92589,92591,92593,92595,92597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92578,896],{"class":58},[44,92580,1588],{"class":95},[44,92582,83],{"class":58},[44,92584,1717],{"class":95},[44,92586,83],{"class":58},[44,92588,2955],{"class":95},[44,92590,83],{"class":58},[44,92592,2961],{"class":95},[44,92594,83],{"class":58},[44,92596,5108],{"class":95},[44,92598,1153],{"class":58},[20,92600,92601],{},"But the real output is:",[35,92603,92604],{"className":37,"code":53744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92605,92606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92607,92608,92610,92612,92614,92616,92618,92620,92622,92624],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92609,896],{"class":58},[44,92611,1588],{"class":95},[44,92613,83],{"class":58},[44,92615,1717],{"class":95},[44,92617,83],{"class":58},[44,92619,2955],{"class":95},[44,92621,83],{"class":58},[44,92623,2961],{"class":95},[44,92625,1153],{"class":58},[20,92627,92628],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[981,92630,5082,92632,92634,92635],{"id":92631},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92633,91096],{}," starts at ",[15,92636,1588],{},[20,92638,37699,92639,19413,92641,113],{},[15,92640,2626],{},[15,92642,1588],{},[35,92644,92645],{"className":37,"code":91289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92646,92647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92648,92649,92651,92653,92655,92657,92659,92661,92663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92650,136],{"class":135},[44,92652,120],{"class":58},[44,92654,8588],{"class":2248},[44,92656,120],{"class":58},[44,92658,60239],{"class":135},[44,92660,120],{"class":58},[44,92662,2643],{"class":95},[44,92664,3418],{"class":58},[20,92666,2576],{},[35,92668,92669],{"className":37,"code":60262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92670,92671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92672,92673,92675,92677,92679,92681,92683,92685,92687,92689,92691,92693],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92674,896],{"class":58},[44,92676,2626],{"class":95},[44,92678,83],{"class":58},[44,92680,1703],{"class":95},[44,92682,83],{"class":58},[44,92684,1717],{"class":95},[44,92686,83],{"class":58},[44,92688,2955],{"class":95},[44,92690,83],{"class":58},[44,92692,2961],{"class":95},[44,92694,1153],{"class":58},[981,92696,92698],{"id":92697},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92700,92701,92702,72],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92703,3464],{},[35,92705,92707],{"className":37,"code":92706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92708,92709,92728,92732,92749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92710,92711,92714,92716,92718,92720,92722,92724,92726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92712,92713],{"class":50},"user_number ",[44,92715,55],{"class":54},[44,92717,8737],{"class":135},[44,92719,120],{"class":58},[44,92721,63],{"class":62},[44,92723,42105],{"class":66},[44,92725,63],{"class":62},[44,92727,129],{"class":58},[44,92729,92730],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92731,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,92733,92734,92736,92738,92740,92742,92744,92747],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,92735,6459],{"class":1140},[44,92737,69790],{"class":50},[44,92739,4385],{"class":1140},[44,92741,54309],{"class":135},[44,92743,120],{"class":58},[44,92745,92746],{"class":116},"user_number",[44,92748,8837],{"class":58},[44,92750,92751,92753,92755,92757],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,92752,1387],{"class":135},[44,92754,120],{"class":58},[44,92756,36384],{"class":116},[44,92758,129],{"class":58},[20,92760,48747,92761,92763],{},[15,92762,3464],{}," returns a string.",[20,92765,11288],{},[35,92767,92769],{"className":37,"code":92768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92770,92771,92793,92797,92813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92772,92773,92775,92777,92779,92781,92783,92785,92787,92789,92791],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92774,92713],{"class":50},[44,92776,55],{"class":54},[44,92778,45512],{"class":2248},[44,92780,120],{"class":58},[44,92782,42697],{"class":135},[44,92784,120],{"class":58},[44,92786,63],{"class":62},[44,92788,42105],{"class":66},[44,92790,63],{"class":62},[44,92792,2239],{"class":58},[44,92794,92795],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92796,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,92798,92799,92801,92803,92805,92807,92809,92811],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,92800,6459],{"class":1140},[44,92802,69790],{"class":50},[44,92804,4385],{"class":1140},[44,92806,54309],{"class":135},[44,92808,120],{"class":58},[44,92810,92746],{"class":116},[44,92812,8837],{"class":58},[44,92814,92815,92817,92819,92821],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,92816,1387],{"class":135},[44,92818,120],{"class":58},[44,92820,36384],{"class":116},[44,92822,129],{"class":58},[20,92824,92825,92826,113],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[625,92827,50761,92828],{"href":50760},[15,92829,50764],{},[981,92831,92833,92834,92836,92837],{"id":92832},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92835,36302],{}," smaller than ",[15,92838,75668],{},[20,92840,92841],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[35,92843,92844],{"className":37,"code":91771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92845,92846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92847,92848,92850,92852,92854,92856,92858,92860,92862,92864,92866,92868,92870,92872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92849,136],{"class":135},[44,92851,120],{"class":58},[44,92853,8588],{"class":2248},[44,92855,120],{"class":58},[44,92857,60239],{"class":135},[44,92859,120],{"class":58},[44,92861,1588],{"class":95},[44,92863,83],{"class":58},[44,92865,5108],{"class":95},[44,92867,83],{"class":58},[44,92869,908],{"class":54},[44,92871,1588],{"class":95},[44,92873,3418],{"class":58},[20,92875,2576],{},[35,92877,92878],{"className":37,"code":38529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92879,92880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92881,92882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92883,38529],{"class":58},[20,92885,92886],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[981,92888,26053,92890],{"id":92889},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92891,92892],{},"step = 0",[20,92894,77811],{},[35,92896,92898],{"className":37,"code":92897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92899,92900],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92901,92902,92904,92906,92908,92910,92912,92914,92916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92903,60239],{"class":135},[44,92905,120],{"class":58},[44,92907,1588],{"class":95},[44,92909,83],{"class":58},[44,92911,632],{"class":95},[44,92913,83],{"class":58},[44,92915,561],{"class":95},[44,92917,129],{"class":58},[20,92919,92920],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[981,92922,1675,92924,92926],{"id":92923},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92925,36428],{}," is not a list",[20,92928,92929],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[35,92931,92933],{"className":37,"code":92932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92934,92935],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92936,92937,92939,92941,92943,92945,92947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92938,136],{"class":135},[44,92940,120],{"class":58},[44,92942,60239],{"class":135},[44,92944,120],{"class":58},[44,92946,2643],{"class":95},[44,92948,2239],{"class":58},[20,92950,2576],{},[35,92952,92954],{"className":37,"code":92953,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92955,92956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92957,92958,92960,92962,92964,92966,92968],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92959,60239],{"class":135},[44,92961,120],{"class":58},[44,92963,2626],{"class":95},[44,92965,83],{"class":58},[44,92967,5108],{"class":95},[44,92969,129],{"class":58},[20,92971,92972],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[35,92974,92975],{"className":37,"code":91289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92976,92977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92978,92979,92981,92983,92985,92987,92989,92991,92993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92980,136],{"class":135},[44,92982,120],{"class":58},[44,92984,8588],{"class":2248},[44,92986,120],{"class":58},[44,92988,60239],{"class":135},[44,92990,120],{"class":58},[44,92992,2643],{"class":95},[44,92994,3418],{"class":58},[20,92996,2576],{},[35,92998,92999],{"className":37,"code":60262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93000,93001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93002,93003,93005,93007,93009,93011,93013,93015,93017,93019,93021,93023],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93004,896],{"class":58},[44,93006,2626],{"class":95},[44,93008,83],{"class":58},[44,93010,1703],{"class":95},[44,93012,83],{"class":58},[44,93014,1717],{"class":95},[44,93016,83],{"class":58},[44,93018,2955],{"class":95},[44,93020,83],{"class":58},[44,93022,2961],{"class":95},[44,93024,1153],{"class":58},[30,93026,93028],{"id":93027},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,93030,2154,93031,82582],{},[15,93032,36428],{},[35,93034,93036],{"className":37,"code":93035,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,93037,93038,93052,93070,93092,93120],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93039,93040,93042,93044,93046,93048,93050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93041,136],{"class":135},[44,93043,120],{"class":58},[44,93045,60239],{"class":135},[44,93047,120],{"class":58},[44,93049,2643],{"class":95},[44,93051,2239],{"class":58},[44,93053,93054,93056,93058,93060,93062,93064,93066,93068],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93055,136],{"class":135},[44,93057,120],{"class":58},[44,93059,8588],{"class":2248},[44,93061,120],{"class":58},[44,93063,60239],{"class":135},[44,93065,120],{"class":58},[44,93067,2643],{"class":95},[44,93069,3418],{"class":58},[44,93071,93072,93074,93076,93078,93080,93082,93084,93086,93088,93090],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,93073,136],{"class":135},[44,93075,120],{"class":58},[44,93077,8588],{"class":2248},[44,93079,120],{"class":58},[44,93081,60239],{"class":135},[44,93083,120],{"class":58},[44,93085,2561],{"class":95},[44,93087,83],{"class":58},[44,93089,6861],{"class":95},[44,93091,3418],{"class":58},[44,93093,93094,93096,93098,93100,93102,93104,93106,93108,93110,93112,93114,93116,93118],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,93095,136],{"class":135},[44,93097,120],{"class":58},[44,93099,8588],{"class":2248},[44,93101,120],{"class":58},[44,93103,60239],{"class":135},[44,93105,120],{"class":58},[44,93107,1559],{"class":95},[44,93109,83],{"class":58},[44,93111,561],{"class":95},[44,93113,83],{"class":58},[44,93115,908],{"class":54},[44,93117,2561],{"class":95},[44,93119,3418],{"class":58},[44,93121,93122,93124,93126,93128,93130,93132,93134,93136],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,93123,136],{"class":135},[44,93125,120],{"class":58},[44,93127,2249],{"class":2248},[44,93129,120],{"class":58},[44,93131,60239],{"class":135},[44,93133,120],{"class":58},[44,93135,2643],{"class":95},[44,93137,3418],{"class":58},[20,93139,26444],{},[252,93141,93142,93145,93148],{},[255,93143,93144],{},"what values are being created",[255,93146,93147],{},"whether the direction is correct",[255,93149,93150,93151,25056],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,93152,60239],{},[30,93154,2301],{"id":2300},[981,93156,2329,93158,93160],{"id":93157},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,93159,36428],{}," include the last number?",[20,93162,93163],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[981,93165,5659,93167,93169,93170,2363],{"id":93166},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,93168,91096],{}," start at ",[15,93171,2626],{},[20,93173,93174,93175,113],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,93176,2626],{},[981,93178,5671,93180,93182],{"id":93179},"can-range-count-backward",[15,93181,36428],{}," count backward?",[20,93184,93185,93186,113],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,93187,93188],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[981,93190,15359,93192,26479],{"id":93191},"is-range-a-list",[15,93193,36428],{},[20,93195,26482,93196,93198,93199,24377],{},[15,93197,60239],{}," object. Use ",[15,93200,93201],{},"list(range(...))",[981,93203,5659,93205,48921],{"id":93204},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93206,93207],{},"range(input())",[20,93209,93210,3991,93212,113],{},[15,93211,3464],{},[15,93213,93214],{},"int(input())",[30,93216,2375],{"id":2374},[252,93218,93219,93223,93229,93235,93241],{},[255,93220,93221],{},[625,93222,36258],{"href":36257},[255,93224,93225],{},[625,93226,4083,93227,4016],{"href":42592},[15,93228,42595],{},[255,93230,93231],{},[625,93232,4083,93233,4016],{"href":92265},[15,93234,35978],{},[255,93236,93237],{},[625,93238,37750,93239,36839],{"href":36835},[15,93240,35978],{},[255,93242,93243],{},[625,93244,50761,93245],{"href":50760},[15,93246,50764],{},[2414,93248,93249],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":93251},[93252,93253,93255,93261,93269,93276,93278,93290,93291,93303],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":91105,"depth":102,"text":93254},"What range() does",{"id":91198,"depth":102,"text":93256,"children":93257},"range() syntax",[93258,93259,93260],{"id":91278,"depth":132,"text":91281},{"id":91342,"depth":132,"text":91345},{"id":91410,"depth":132,"text":91413},{"id":91481,"depth":102,"text":91482,"children":93262},[93263,93264,93265,93266,93267],{"id":91488,"depth":132,"text":91096},{"id":91551,"depth":132,"text":91554},{"id":91615,"depth":132,"text":91618},{"id":91691,"depth":132,"text":91692},{"id":77055,"depth":132,"text":93268},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91850,"depth":102,"text":93270,"children":93271},"Using range() in a for loop",[93272,93273,93274],{"id":91952,"depth":132,"text":91953},{"id":91997,"depth":132,"text":91998},{"id":92077,"depth":132,"text":93275},"range() and indexing",{"id":92352,"depth":102,"text":93277},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526,"children":93279},[93280,93281,93283,93284,93286,93288],{"id":92535,"depth":132,"text":92536},{"id":92631,"depth":132,"text":93282},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92697,"depth":132,"text":92698},{"id":92832,"depth":132,"text":93285},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92889,"depth":132,"text":93287},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92923,"depth":132,"text":93289},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":93027,"depth":102,"text":93028},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":93292},[93293,93295,93297,93299,93301],{"id":93157,"depth":132,"text":93294},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93166,"depth":132,"text":93296},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93179,"depth":132,"text":93298},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93191,"depth":132,"text":93300},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93204,"depth":132,"text":93302},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90999,"description":93304},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93311,"title":93312,"body":93313,"description":94986,"extension":2465,"meta":94987,"navigation":169,"path":94988,"seo":94989,"stem":94990,"__hash__":94991},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93314,"toc":94959},[93315,93324,93331,93348,93364,93366,93415,93423,93427,93430,93450,93452,93516,93518,93561,93564,93610,93612,93645,93655,93661,93669,93686,93688,93719,93721,93746,93751,93762,93765,93835,93837,93868,93873,93878,93895,93897,93948,93950,93983,93986,93993,93998,94002,94018,94020,94064,94066,94112,94115,94128,94133,94137,94151,94153,94204,94206,94239,94244,94246,94253,94255,94278,94280,94345,94347,94364,94367,94400,94402,94430,94440,94447,94451,94454,94472,94475,94503,94506,94524,94529,94535,94538,94560,94562,94590,94592,94595,94620,94623,94736,94738,94817,94819,94825,94830,94838,94846,94850,94853,94855,94888,94890,94898,94904,94911,94918,94921,94923,94956],[10,93316,4083,93318,967,93320,93323],{"id":93317},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93319,36428],{},[15,93321,93322],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93325,93326,976,93328,93330],{},[15,93327,36428],{},[15,93329,93322],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[252,93332,93333,93341],{},[255,93334,93335,93337,93338],{},[15,93336,36428],{}," creates a ",[590,93339,93340],{},"range object",[255,93342,93343,93337,93345],{},[15,93344,93322],{},[590,93346,93347],{},"real list",[20,93349,93350,93351,93353,93354,93357,93358,93360,93361,93363],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93352,91096],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93355,93356],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93359,36428],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93362,93322],{}," when you actually need a list.",[30,93365,33],{"id":32},[35,93367,93369],{"className":37,"code":93368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93370,93371,93385,93398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93372,93373,93375,93377,93379,93381,93383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93374,1551],{"class":50},[44,93376,55],{"class":54},[44,93378,54309],{"class":135},[44,93380,120],{"class":58},[44,93382,2643],{"class":95},[44,93384,129],{"class":58},[44,93386,93387,93389,93391,93393,93395],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93388,136],{"class":135},[44,93390,120],{"class":58},[44,93392,1579],{"class":116},[44,93394,144],{"class":58},[44,93396,93397],{"class":147},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[44,93399,93400,93402,93404,93406,93408,93410,93412],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,93401,136],{"class":135},[44,93403,120],{"class":58},[44,93405,8588],{"class":2248},[44,93407,120],{"class":58},[44,93409,1579],{"class":116},[44,93411,532],{"class":58},[44,93413,93414],{"class":147},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93416,227,93417,93419,93420,93422],{},[15,93418,36428],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93421,93322],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[30,93424,93426],{"id":93425},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93428,93429],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[252,93431,93432,93439,93444,93447],{},[255,93433,93434,22413,93436,93438],{},[15,93435,36428],{},[590,93437,93340],{},", not a list",[255,93440,93441,93443],{},[15,93442,93322],{}," converts that range object into a list",[255,93445,93446],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[255,93448,93449],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93451,269],{},[35,93453,93455],{"className":37,"code":93454,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93456,93457,93472,93491,93495,93505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93458,93459,93462,93464,93466,93468,93470],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93460,93461],{"class":50},"r ",[44,93463,55],{"class":54},[44,93465,54309],{"class":135},[44,93467,120],{"class":58},[44,93469,2643],{"class":95},[44,93471,129],{"class":58},[44,93473,93474,93477,93479,93481,93483,93485,93487,93489],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93475,93476],{"class":50},"lst ",[44,93478,55],{"class":54},[44,93480,22998],{"class":2248},[44,93482,120],{"class":58},[44,93484,60239],{"class":135},[44,93486,120],{"class":58},[44,93488,2643],{"class":95},[44,93490,2239],{"class":58},[44,93492,93493],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,93494,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,93496,93497,93499,93501,93503],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,93498,136],{"class":135},[44,93500,120],{"class":58},[44,93502,60746],{"class":116},[44,93504,129],{"class":58},[44,93506,93507,93509,93511,93514],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,93508,136],{"class":135},[44,93510,120],{"class":58},[44,93512,93513],{"class":116},"lst",[44,93515,129],{"class":58},[20,93517,2576],{},[35,93519,93521],{"className":37,"code":93520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93522,93523,93537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93524,93525,93527,93529,93531,93533,93535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93526,60239],{"class":135},[44,93528,120],{"class":58},[44,93530,2626],{"class":95},[44,93532,83],{"class":58},[44,93534,5108],{"class":95},[44,93536,129],{"class":58},[44,93538,93539,93541,93543,93545,93547,93549,93551,93553,93555,93557,93559],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93540,896],{"class":58},[44,93542,2626],{"class":95},[44,93544,83],{"class":58},[44,93546,1703],{"class":95},[44,93548,83],{"class":58},[44,93550,1717],{"class":95},[44,93552,83],{"class":58},[44,93554,2955],{"class":95},[44,93556,83],{"class":58},[44,93558,2961],{"class":95},[44,93560,1153],{"class":58},[20,93562,93563],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[35,93565,93567],{"className":37,"code":93566,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93568,93569,93587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93570,93571,93573,93575,93577,93579,93581,93583,93585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93572,136],{"class":135},[44,93574,120],{"class":58},[44,93576,2249],{"class":2248},[44,93578,120],{"class":58},[44,93580,60239],{"class":135},[44,93582,120],{"class":58},[44,93584,2643],{"class":95},[44,93586,3418],{"class":58},[44,93588,93589,93591,93593,93595,93597,93599,93601,93603,93605,93607],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93590,136],{"class":135},[44,93592,120],{"class":58},[44,93594,2249],{"class":2248},[44,93596,120],{"class":58},[44,93598,8588],{"class":2248},[44,93600,120],{"class":58},[44,93602,60239],{"class":135},[44,93604,120],{"class":58},[44,93606,2643],{"class":95},[44,93608,93609],{"class":58},"))))\n",[20,93611,2576],{},[35,93613,93615],{"className":37,"code":93614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93616,93617,93631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93618,93619,93621,93623,93625,93627,93629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93620,3797],{"class":54},[44,93622,3800],{"class":2570},[44,93624,2232],{"class":62},[44,93626,60239],{"class":66},[44,93628,2197],{"class":62},[44,93630,3809],{"class":54},[44,93632,93633,93635,93637,93639,93641,93643],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93634,3797],{"class":54},[44,93636,3800],{"class":2570},[44,93638,2232],{"class":62},[44,93640,8588],{"class":66},[44,93642,2197],{"class":62},[44,93644,3809],{"class":54},[20,93646,93647,93648,93650,93651,113],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93649,36428],{}," works, see ",[625,93652,4083,93653,4016],{"href":93306},[15,93654,36428],{},[30,93656,243,93658,93660],{"id":93657},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93659,36428],{}," gives you",[20,93662,93663,93665,93666,93668],{},[15,93664,36428],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93667,6459],{}," loops.",[252,93670,93671,93674,93677,93680],{},[255,93672,93673],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[255,93675,93676],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[255,93678,93679],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[255,93681,93682,93683],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93684,93685],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93687,269],{},[35,93689,93691],{"className":37,"code":93690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93692,93693,93709],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93694,93695,93697,93699,93701,93703,93705,93707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93696,6459],{"class":1140},[44,93698,69790],{"class":50},[44,93700,4385],{"class":1140},[44,93702,54309],{"class":135},[44,93704,120],{"class":58},[44,93706,2643],{"class":95},[44,93708,8837],{"class":58},[44,93710,93711,93713,93715,93717],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93712,1387],{"class":135},[44,93714,120],{"class":58},[44,93716,36384],{"class":116},[44,93718,129],{"class":58},[20,93720,2576],{},[35,93722,93724],{"className":37,"code":93723,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93725,93726,93730,93734,93738,93742],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93727,93728],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93729,47488],{"class":95},[44,93731,93732],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93733,47153],{"class":95},[44,93735,93736],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,93737,17510],{"class":95},[44,93739,93740],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,93741,46853],{"class":95},[44,93743,93744],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,93745,48887],{"class":95},[20,93747,381,93748,93750],{},[15,93749,91096],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93752,93753,93754,93756,93757,113],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93755,36428],{}," is so common with ",[625,93758,4083,93760,91127],{"href":93759},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93761,6459],{},[20,93763,93764],{},"You can also inspect it:",[35,93766,93768],{"className":37,"code":93767,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93769,93770,93792,93796,93806,93820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93771,93772,93774,93776,93778,93780,93782,93784,93786,93788,93790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93773,93461],{"class":50},[44,93775,55],{"class":54},[44,93777,54309],{"class":135},[44,93779,120],{"class":58},[44,93781,2561],{"class":95},[44,93783,83],{"class":58},[44,93785,632],{"class":95},[44,93787,83],{"class":58},[44,93789,1717],{"class":95},[44,93791,129],{"class":58},[44,93793,93794],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93795,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,93797,93798,93800,93802,93804],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,93799,136],{"class":135},[44,93801,120],{"class":58},[44,93803,60746],{"class":116},[44,93805,129],{"class":58},[44,93807,93808,93810,93812,93814,93816,93818],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,93809,136],{"class":135},[44,93811,120],{"class":58},[44,93813,11641],{"class":135},[44,93815,120],{"class":58},[44,93817,60746],{"class":116},[44,93819,2239],{"class":58},[44,93821,93822,93824,93826,93828,93830,93833],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,93823,136],{"class":135},[44,93825,120],{"class":58},[44,93827,80836],{"class":95},[44,93829,1354],{"class":1140},[44,93831,93832],{"class":116}," r",[44,93834,129],{"class":58},[20,93836,2576],{},[35,93838,93840],{"className":37,"code":93839,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93841,93842,93860,93864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93843,93844,93846,93848,93850,93852,93854,93856,93858],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93845,60239],{"class":135},[44,93847,120],{"class":58},[44,93849,2561],{"class":95},[44,93851,83],{"class":58},[44,93853,632],{"class":95},[44,93855,83],{"class":58},[44,93857,1717],{"class":95},[44,93859,129],{"class":58},[44,93861,93862],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93863,48887],{"class":95},[44,93865,93866],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,93867,4482],{"class":1266},[30,93869,243,93871,93660],{"id":93870},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93872,93322],{},[20,93874,93875,93877],{},[15,93876,93322],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[252,93879,93880,93883,93886,93889],{},[255,93881,93882],{},"It creates all values at once",[255,93884,93885],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[255,93887,93888],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[255,93890,93891,93892,93894],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93893,36428],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93896,269],{},[35,93898,93900],{"className":37,"code":93899,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93901,93902,93920,93924,93934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93903,93904,93906,93908,93910,93912,93914,93916,93918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93905,1551],{"class":50},[44,93907,55],{"class":54},[44,93909,22998],{"class":2248},[44,93911,120],{"class":58},[44,93913,60239],{"class":135},[44,93915,120],{"class":58},[44,93917,2643],{"class":95},[44,93919,2239],{"class":58},[44,93921,93922],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93923,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,93925,93926,93928,93930,93932],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,93927,136],{"class":135},[44,93929,120],{"class":58},[44,93931,1579],{"class":116},[44,93933,129],{"class":58},[44,93935,93936,93938,93940,93942,93944,93946],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,93937,136],{"class":135},[44,93939,120],{"class":58},[44,93941,1579],{"class":116},[44,93943,896],{"class":58},[44,93945,2561],{"class":95},[44,93947,4391],{"class":58},[20,93949,2576],{},[35,93951,93953],{"className":37,"code":93952,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93954,93955,93979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93956,93957,93959,93961,93963,93965,93967,93969,93971,93973,93975,93977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93958,896],{"class":58},[44,93960,2626],{"class":95},[44,93962,83],{"class":58},[44,93964,1703],{"class":95},[44,93966,83],{"class":58},[44,93968,1717],{"class":95},[44,93970,83],{"class":58},[44,93972,2955],{"class":95},[44,93974,83],{"class":58},[44,93976,2961],{"class":95},[44,93978,1153],{"class":58},[44,93980,93981],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93982,17510],{"class":95},[20,93984,93985],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93987,93988,93989,113],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[625,93990,4083,93991,4016],{"href":65089},[15,93992,25220],{},[30,93994,769,93996],{"id":93995},"when-to-use-range",[15,93997,36428],{},[20,93999,227,94000,776],{},[15,94001,36428],{},[252,94003,94004,94009,94012,94015],{},[255,94005,94006,94007,91856],{},"You are writing a ",[15,94008,6459],{},[255,94010,94011],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[255,94013,94014],{},"You are working with large sequences",[255,94016,94017],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,94019,269],{},[35,94021,94023],{"className":37,"code":94022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,94024,94025,94045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94026,94027,94029,94031,94033,94035,94037,94039,94041,94043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94028,6459],{"class":1140},[44,94030,69790],{"class":50},[44,94032,4385],{"class":1140},[44,94034,54309],{"class":135},[44,94036,120],{"class":58},[44,94038,1588],{"class":95},[44,94040,83],{"class":58},[44,94042,37875],{"class":95},[44,94044,8837],{"class":58},[44,94046,94047,94049,94051,94053,94056,94058,94060,94062],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94048,1387],{"class":135},[44,94050,120],{"class":58},[44,94052,63],{"class":62},[44,94054,94055],{"class":66},"Count:",[44,94057,63],{"class":62},[44,94059,83],{"class":58},[44,94061,36359],{"class":116},[44,94063,129],{"class":58},[20,94065,2576],{},[35,94067,94069],{"className":37,"code":94068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,94070,94071,94080,94088,94096,94104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94072,94073,94076,94078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94074,94075],{"class":50},"Count",[44,94077,72],{"class":58},[44,94079,29839],{"class":95},[44,94081,94082,94084,94086],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94083,94075],{"class":50},[44,94085,72],{"class":58},[44,94087,45825],{"class":95},[44,94089,94090,94092,94094],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,94091,94075],{"class":50},[44,94093,72],{"class":58},[44,94095,3081],{"class":95},[44,94097,94098,94100,94102],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,94099,94075],{"class":50},[44,94101,72],{"class":58},[44,94103,24102],{"class":95},[44,94105,94106,94108,94110],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,94107,94075],{"class":50},[44,94109,72],{"class":58},[44,94111,35070],{"class":95},[20,94113,94114],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,94116,94117,94118,94120,94121,62529,94123,113],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,94119,35978],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,94122,36829],{},[625,94124,36836,94126,36839],{"href":94125},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,94127,35978],{},[30,94129,769,94131],{"id":94130},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,94132,93322],{},[20,94134,227,94135,776],{},[15,94136,93322],{},[252,94138,94139,94142,94145,94148],{},[255,94140,94141],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[255,94143,94144],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[255,94146,94147],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[255,94149,94150],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,94152,269],{},[35,94154,94156],{"className":37,"code":94155,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,94157,94158,94176,94190,94194],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94159,94160,94162,94164,94166,94168,94170,94172,94174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94161,1551],{"class":50},[44,94163,55],{"class":54},[44,94165,22998],{"class":2248},[44,94167,120],{"class":58},[44,94169,60239],{"class":135},[44,94171,120],{"class":58},[44,94173,2643],{"class":95},[44,94175,2239],{"class":58},[44,94177,94178,94180,94182,94184,94186,94188],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94179,1579],{"class":50},[44,94181,113],{"class":58},[44,94183,14012],{"class":116},[44,94185,120],{"class":58},[44,94187,2643],{"class":95},[44,94189,129],{"class":58},[44,94191,94192],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,94193,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,94195,94196,94198,94200,94202],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,94197,136],{"class":135},[44,94199,120],{"class":58},[44,94201,1579],{"class":116},[44,94203,129],{"class":58},[20,94205,2576],{},[35,94207,94209],{"className":37,"code":94208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94210,94211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94212,94213,94215,94217,94219,94221,94223,94225,94227,94229,94231,94233,94235,94237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94214,896],{"class":58},[44,94216,2626],{"class":95},[44,94218,83],{"class":58},[44,94220,1703],{"class":95},[44,94222,83],{"class":58},[44,94224,1717],{"class":95},[44,94226,83],{"class":58},[44,94228,2955],{"class":95},[44,94230,83],{"class":58},[44,94232,2961],{"class":95},[44,94234,83],{"class":58},[44,94236,5108],{"class":95},[44,94238,1153],{"class":58},[20,94240,6561,94241,94243],{},[15,94242,1579],{}," is a list.",[30,94245,16052],{"id":16051},[20,94247,94248,94250,94251,113],{},[15,94249,36428],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[590,94252,37829],{},[20,94254,2613],{},[252,94256,94257,94259,94264,94269,94272],{},[255,94258,22423],{},[255,94260,94261,94262],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94263,42595],{},[255,94265,94266,94267],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94268,4385],{},[255,94270,94271],{},"You can index it",[255,94273,94274,94275,94277],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94276,52891],{}," do not work on it",[20,94279,269],{},[35,94281,94283],{"className":37,"code":94282,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94284,94285,94299,94303,94317,94331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94286,94287,94289,94291,94293,94295,94297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94288,93461],{"class":50},[44,94290,55],{"class":54},[44,94292,54309],{"class":135},[44,94294,120],{"class":58},[44,94296,2643],{"class":95},[44,94298,129],{"class":58},[44,94300,94301],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94302,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,94304,94305,94307,94309,94311,94313,94315],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,94306,136],{"class":135},[44,94308,120],{"class":58},[44,94310,60746],{"class":116},[44,94312,896],{"class":58},[44,94314,2561],{"class":95},[44,94316,4391],{"class":58},[44,94318,94319,94321,94323,94325,94327,94329],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,94320,136],{"class":135},[44,94322,120],{"class":58},[44,94324,11641],{"class":135},[44,94326,120],{"class":58},[44,94328,60746],{"class":116},[44,94330,2239],{"class":58},[44,94332,94333,94335,94337,94339,94341,94343],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,94334,136],{"class":135},[44,94336,120],{"class":58},[44,94338,2567],{"class":95},[44,94340,1354],{"class":1140},[44,94342,93832],{"class":116},[44,94344,129],{"class":58},[20,94346,2576],{},[35,94348,94350],{"className":37,"code":94349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94351,94352,94356,94360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94353,94354],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94355,17510],{"class":95},[44,94357,94358],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94359,3453],{"class":95},[44,94361,94362],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,94363,4482],{"class":1266},[20,94365,94366],{},"Now compare that with this:",[35,94368,94370],{"className":37,"code":94369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94371,94372,94386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94373,94374,94376,94378,94380,94382,94384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94375,93461],{"class":50},[44,94377,55],{"class":54},[44,94379,54309],{"class":135},[44,94381,120],{"class":58},[44,94383,2643],{"class":95},[44,94385,129],{"class":58},[44,94387,94388,94390,94392,94394,94396,94398],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94389,60746],{"class":50},[44,94391,113],{"class":58},[44,94393,14012],{"class":116},[44,94395,120],{"class":58},[44,94397,2643],{"class":95},[44,94399,129],{"class":58},[20,94401,2576],{},[35,94403,94405],{"className":37,"code":94404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94406,94407],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94408,94409,94411,94413,94415,94417,94419,94421,94424,94426,94428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94410,26108],{"class":2248},[44,94412,72],{"class":58},[44,94414,2232],{"class":62},[44,94416,60239],{"class":66},[44,94418,2197],{"class":62},[44,94420,25056],{"class":2248},[44,94422,94423],{"class":50}," has no attribute ",[44,94425,2197],{"class":62},[44,94427,14012],{"class":66},[44,94429,29924],{"class":62},[20,94431,94432,94433,2695,94435,2699,94437,94439],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94434,52891],{},[15,94436,55768],{},[15,94438,64553],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94441,94442,94443,113],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[625,94444,26116,94445],{"href":35648},[15,94446,34482],{},[30,94448,94450],{"id":94449},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94452,94453],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[35,94455,94456],{"className":37,"code":92932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94457,94458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94459,94460,94462,94464,94466,94468,94470],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94461,136],{"class":135},[44,94463,120],{"class":58},[44,94465,60239],{"class":135},[44,94467,120],{"class":58},[44,94469,2643],{"class":95},[44,94471,2239],{"class":58},[20,94473,94474],{},"to show:",[35,94476,94477],{"className":37,"code":60262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94478,94479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94480,94481,94483,94485,94487,94489,94491,94493,94495,94497,94499,94501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94482,896],{"class":58},[44,94484,2626],{"class":95},[44,94486,83],{"class":58},[44,94488,1703],{"class":95},[44,94490,83],{"class":58},[44,94492,1717],{"class":95},[44,94494,83],{"class":58},[44,94496,2955],{"class":95},[44,94498,83],{"class":58},[44,94500,2961],{"class":95},[44,94502,1153],{"class":58},[20,94504,94505],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[35,94507,94508],{"className":37,"code":92953,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94509,94510],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94511,94512,94514,94516,94518,94520,94522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94513,60239],{"class":135},[44,94515,120],{"class":58},[44,94517,2626],{"class":95},[44,94519,83],{"class":58},[44,94521,5108],{"class":95},[44,94523,129],{"class":58},[20,94525,5131,94526,94528],{},[590,94527,592],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94530,94531,94532,94534],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[590,94533,93340],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94536,94537],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[35,94539,94540],{"className":37,"code":91289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94541,94542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94543,94544,94546,94548,94550,94552,94554,94556,94558],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94545,136],{"class":135},[44,94547,120],{"class":58},[44,94549,8588],{"class":2248},[44,94551,120],{"class":58},[44,94553,60239],{"class":135},[44,94555,120],{"class":58},[44,94557,2643],{"class":95},[44,94559,3418],{"class":58},[20,94561,2576],{},[35,94563,94564],{"className":37,"code":60262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94565,94566],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94567,94568,94570,94572,94574,94576,94578,94580,94582,94584,94586,94588],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94569,896],{"class":58},[44,94571,2626],{"class":95},[44,94573,83],{"class":58},[44,94575,1703],{"class":95},[44,94577,83],{"class":58},[44,94579,1717],{"class":95},[44,94581,83],{"class":58},[44,94583,2955],{"class":95},[44,94585,83],{"class":58},[44,94587,2961],{"class":95},[44,94589,1153],{"class":58},[30,94591,3335],{"id":3334},[20,94593,94594],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[252,94596,94597,94603,94606,94612],{},[255,94598,1785,94599,94602],{},[15,94600,94601],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[255,94604,94605],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[255,94607,94608,94609,94611],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94610,36428],{}," is iterable but not a list",[255,94613,1785,94614,94616,94617,94619],{},[15,94615,93322],{}," when plain ",[15,94618,36428],{}," would be simpler",[20,94621,94622],{},"These quick checks can help:",[35,94624,94626],{"className":37,"code":94625,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94627,94628,94642,94660,94678,94700,94718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94629,94630,94632,94634,94636,94638,94640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94631,136],{"class":135},[44,94633,120],{"class":58},[44,94635,60239],{"class":135},[44,94637,120],{"class":58},[44,94639,2643],{"class":95},[44,94641,2239],{"class":58},[44,94643,94644,94646,94648,94650,94652,94654,94656,94658],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94645,136],{"class":135},[44,94647,120],{"class":58},[44,94649,8588],{"class":2248},[44,94651,120],{"class":58},[44,94653,60239],{"class":135},[44,94655,120],{"class":58},[44,94657,2643],{"class":95},[44,94659,3418],{"class":58},[44,94661,94662,94664,94666,94668,94670,94672,94674,94676],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,94663,136],{"class":135},[44,94665,120],{"class":58},[44,94667,2249],{"class":2248},[44,94669,120],{"class":58},[44,94671,60239],{"class":135},[44,94673,120],{"class":58},[44,94675,2643],{"class":95},[44,94677,3418],{"class":58},[44,94679,94680,94682,94684,94686,94688,94690,94692,94694,94696,94698],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,94681,136],{"class":135},[44,94683,120],{"class":58},[44,94685,2249],{"class":2248},[44,94687,120],{"class":58},[44,94689,8588],{"class":2248},[44,94691,120],{"class":58},[44,94693,60239],{"class":135},[44,94695,120],{"class":58},[44,94697,2643],{"class":95},[44,94699,93609],{"class":58},[44,94701,94702,94704,94706,94708,94710,94712,94714,94716],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,94703,136],{"class":135},[44,94705,120],{"class":58},[44,94707,2567],{"class":95},[44,94709,1354],{"class":1140},[44,94711,54309],{"class":135},[44,94713,120],{"class":58},[44,94715,2643],{"class":95},[44,94717,2239],{"class":58},[44,94719,94720,94722,94724,94726,94728,94730,94732,94734],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,94721,136],{"class":135},[44,94723,120],{"class":58},[44,94725,11641],{"class":135},[44,94727,120],{"class":58},[44,94729,60239],{"class":135},[44,94731,120],{"class":58},[44,94733,2643],{"class":95},[44,94735,3418],{"class":58},[20,94737,2576],{},[35,94739,94741],{"className":37,"code":94740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94742,94743,94757,94781,94795,94809,94813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94744,94745,94747,94749,94751,94753,94755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94746,60239],{"class":135},[44,94748,120],{"class":58},[44,94750,2626],{"class":95},[44,94752,83],{"class":58},[44,94754,5108],{"class":95},[44,94756,129],{"class":58},[44,94758,94759,94761,94763,94765,94767,94769,94771,94773,94775,94777,94779],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94760,896],{"class":58},[44,94762,2626],{"class":95},[44,94764,83],{"class":58},[44,94766,1703],{"class":95},[44,94768,83],{"class":58},[44,94770,1717],{"class":95},[44,94772,83],{"class":58},[44,94774,2955],{"class":95},[44,94776,83],{"class":58},[44,94778,2961],{"class":95},[44,94780,1153],{"class":58},[44,94782,94783,94785,94787,94789,94791,94793],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,94784,3797],{"class":54},[44,94786,3800],{"class":2570},[44,94788,2232],{"class":62},[44,94790,60239],{"class":66},[44,94792,2197],{"class":62},[44,94794,3809],{"class":54},[44,94796,94797,94799,94801,94803,94805,94807],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,94798,3797],{"class":54},[44,94800,3800],{"class":2570},[44,94802,2232],{"class":62},[44,94804,8588],{"class":66},[44,94806,2197],{"class":62},[44,94808,3809],{"class":54},[44,94810,94811],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,94812,4482],{"class":1266},[44,94814,94815],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,94816,3453],{"class":95},[30,94818,2301],{"id":2300},[981,94820,15359,94822,94824],{"id":94821},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94823,36428],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94826,46601,94827,94829],{},[15,94828,36428],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[981,94831,94833,94834,2037,94836,2363],{"id":94832},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94835,36428],{},[15,94837,93322],{},[20,94839,94840,94842,94843,94845],{},[15,94841,36428],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94844,93322],{}," creates a full list.",[981,94847,94849],{"id":94848},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94851,94852],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94854,269],{},[35,94856,94858],{"className":37,"code":94857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94859,94860,94874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94861,94862,94864,94866,94868,94870,94872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94863,93461],{"class":50},[44,94865,55],{"class":54},[44,94867,54309],{"class":135},[44,94869,120],{"class":58},[44,94871,2643],{"class":95},[44,94873,129],{"class":58},[44,94875,94876,94878,94880,94882,94884,94886],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94877,136],{"class":135},[44,94879,120],{"class":58},[44,94881,60746],{"class":116},[44,94883,896],{"class":58},[44,94885,1588],{"class":95},[44,94887,4391],{"class":58},[20,94889,2576],{},[35,94891,94892],{"className":37,"code":47153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94893,94894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94895,94896],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94897,47153],{"class":95},[981,94899,5659,94901,94903],{"id":94900},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94902,94601],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94905,94906,94907,94910],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94908,94909],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[981,94912,94914,94915,94917],{"id":94913},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94916,36428],{}," to a list?",[20,94919,94920],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[30,94922,2375],{"id":2374},[252,94924,94925,94931,94937,94944,94950],{},[255,94926,94927],{},[625,94928,4083,94929,4016],{"href":93306},[15,94930,36428],{},[255,94932,94933],{},[625,94934,4083,94935,4016],{"href":65089},[15,94936,25220],{},[255,94938,94939],{},[625,94940,4083,94941,94943],{"href":93759},[15,94942,6459],{}," loops explained",[255,94945,94946],{},[625,94947,37750,94948,36839],{"href":94125},[15,94949,35978],{},[255,94951,94952],{},[625,94953,26558,94954],{"href":35648},[15,94955,34482],{},[2414,94957,94958],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":94960},[94961,94962,94963,94965,94967,94969,94971,94972,94973,94974,94985],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":93425,"depth":102,"text":93426},{"id":93657,"depth":102,"text":94964},"What range() gives you",{"id":93870,"depth":102,"text":94966},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93995,"depth":102,"text":94968},"When to use range()",{"id":94130,"depth":102,"text":94970},"When to use list(range())",{"id":16051,"depth":102,"text":16052},{"id":94449,"depth":102,"text":94450},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":94975},[94976,94978,94980,94981,94983],{"id":94821,"depth":132,"text":94977},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94832,"depth":132,"text":94979},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94848,"depth":132,"text":94849},{"id":94900,"depth":132,"text":94982},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94913,"depth":132,"text":94984},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93312,"description":94986},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94993,"title":94994,"body":94995,"description":96431,"extension":2465,"meta":96432,"navigation":169,"path":96433,"seo":96434,"stem":96435,"__hash__":96436},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94996,"toc":96397},[94997,95003,95008,95011,95025,95028,95030,95069,95071,95084,95092,95097,95113,95116,95118,95120,95141,95158,95161,95220,95222,95241,95246,95252,95255,95289,95291,95304,95307,95352,95354,95377,95384,95390,95393,95434,95436,95450,95453,95511,95513,95528,95541,95547,95553,95618,95620,95639,95641,95659,95662,95666,95672,95674,95707,95709,95722,95732,95735,95796,95798,95819,95822,95824,95840,95845,95849,95854,95859,95915,95917,95935,95938,95983,95985,95993,95998,96002,96016,96018,96050,96052,96061,96063,96067,96076,96079,96111,96113,96125,96128,96132,96137,96178,96180,96188,96191,96214,96218,96220,96229,96232,96285,96287,96296,96300,96305,96316,96318,96327,96330,96336,96339,96345,96355,96363,96370,96372,96394],[10,94998,4083,95000,4087],{"id":94999},"python-round-function-explained",[15,95001,95002],{},"round()",[20,95004,9616,95005,95007],{},[15,95006,95002],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,95009,95010],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[252,95012,95013,95019],{},[255,95014,95015,95018],{},[15,95016,95017],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[255,95020,95021,95024],{},[15,95022,95023],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95026,95027],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[30,95029,2507],{"id":2506},[35,95031,95033],{"className":37,"code":95032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,95034,95035,95051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95036,95037,95039,95041,95044,95046,95049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95038,136],{"class":135},[44,95040,120],{"class":58},[44,95042,95043],{"class":135},"round",[44,95045,120],{"class":58},[44,95047,95048],{"class":95},"3.14159",[44,95050,2239],{"class":58},[44,95052,95053,95055,95057,95059,95061,95063,95065,95067],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95054,136],{"class":135},[44,95056,120],{"class":58},[44,95058,95043],{"class":135},[44,95060,120],{"class":58},[44,95062,95048],{"class":95},[44,95064,83],{"class":58},[44,95066,1717],{"class":95},[44,95068,2239],{"class":58},[20,95070,2576],{},[35,95072,95074],{"className":37,"code":95073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n3.14\n",[15,95075,95076,95080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95077,95078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95079,46853],{"class":95},[44,95081,95082],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95083,40410],{"class":95},[20,95085,227,95086,95088,95089,95091],{},[15,95087,95017],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,95090,95023],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[30,95093,243,95095,246],{"id":95094},"what-round-does",[15,95096,95002],{},[252,95098,95099,95104,95107,95110],{},[255,95100,95101,95103],{},[15,95102,95002],{}," is a built-in Python function",[255,95105,95106],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[255,95108,95109],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[255,95111,95112],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95114,95115],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[30,95117,392],{"id":391},[20,95119,2666],{},[35,95121,95123],{"className":37,"code":95122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,95124,95125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95126,95127,95129,95131,95133,95136,95139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95128,95043],{"class":135},[44,95130,120],{"class":58},[44,95132,2744],{"class":116},[44,95134,95135],{"class":58},"[,",[44,95137,95138],{"class":116}," ndigits",[44,95140,4391],{"class":58},[252,95142,95143,95148,95153],{},[255,95144,95145,95147],{},[15,95146,2744],{}," is the value to round",[255,95149,95150,20485],{},[15,95151,95152],{},"ndigits",[255,95154,95155,95157],{},[15,95156,95152],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,95159,95160],{},"Basic examples:",[35,95162,95164],{"className":37,"code":95163,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,95165,95166,95181,95199],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95167,95168,95170,95172,95174,95176,95179],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95169,136],{"class":135},[44,95171,120],{"class":58},[44,95173,95043],{"class":135},[44,95175,120],{"class":58},[44,95177,95178],{"class":95},"7.8",[44,95180,2239],{"class":58},[44,95182,95183,95185,95187,95189,95191,95193,95195,95197],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95184,136],{"class":135},[44,95186,120],{"class":58},[44,95188,95043],{"class":135},[44,95190,120],{"class":58},[44,95192,95178],{"class":95},[44,95194,83],{"class":58},[44,95196,1703],{"class":95},[44,95198,2239],{"class":58},[44,95200,95201,95203,95205,95207,95209,95212,95214,95216,95218],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,95202,136],{"class":135},[44,95204,120],{"class":58},[44,95206,95043],{"class":135},[44,95208,120],{"class":58},[44,95210,95211],{"class":95},"1234",[44,95213,83],{"class":58},[44,95215,908],{"class":54},[44,95217,2561],{"class":95},[44,95219,2239],{"class":58},[20,95221,2576],{},[35,95223,95225],{"className":37,"code":95224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95226,95227,95231,95236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95228,95229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95230,2885],{"class":95},[44,95232,95233],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95234,95235],{"class":95},"7.8\n",[44,95237,95238],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,95239,95240],{"class":95},"1200\n",[20,95242,95243,95244,113],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[625,95245,2924],{"href":2923},[30,95247,1785,95249,95251],{"id":95248},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95250,95002],{}," with one argument",[20,95253,95254],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[35,95256,95258],{"className":37,"code":95257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95259,95260,95274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95261,95262,95264,95266,95268,95270,95272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95263,136],{"class":135},[44,95265,120],{"class":58},[44,95267,95043],{"class":135},[44,95269,120],{"class":58},[44,95271,2866],{"class":95},[44,95273,2239],{"class":58},[44,95275,95276,95278,95280,95282,95284,95287],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95277,136],{"class":135},[44,95279,120],{"class":58},[44,95281,95043],{"class":135},[44,95283,120],{"class":58},[44,95285,95286],{"class":95},"4.8",[44,95288,2239],{"class":58},[20,95290,2576],{},[35,95292,95294],{"className":37,"code":95293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4\n5\n",[15,95295,95296,95300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95297,95298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95299,48887],{"class":95},[44,95301,95302],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95303,3453],{"class":95},[20,95305,95306],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[35,95308,95310],{"className":37,"code":95309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95311,95312,95328,95338],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95313,95314,95316,95318,95321,95323,95326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95315,1953],{"class":50},[44,95317,55],{"class":54},[44,95319,95320],{"class":135}," round",[44,95322,120],{"class":58},[44,95324,95325],{"class":95},"10.2",[44,95327,129],{"class":58},[44,95329,95330,95332,95334,95336],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95331,136],{"class":135},[44,95333,120],{"class":58},[44,95335,1984],{"class":116},[44,95337,129],{"class":58},[44,95339,95340,95342,95344,95346,95348,95350],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,95341,136],{"class":135},[44,95343,120],{"class":58},[44,95345,2249],{"class":2248},[44,95347,120],{"class":58},[44,95349,1984],{"class":116},[44,95351,2239],{"class":58},[20,95353,2576],{},[35,95355,95357],{"className":37,"code":95356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95358,95359,95363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95360,95361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95362,2880],{"class":95},[44,95364,95365,95367,95369,95371,95373,95375],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95366,3797],{"class":54},[44,95368,3800],{"class":2570},[44,95370,2232],{"class":62},[44,95372,2694],{"class":66},[44,95374,2197],{"class":62},[44,95376,3809],{"class":54},[20,95378,95379,95380,113],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[625,95381,4083,95382,4016],{"href":3380},[15,95383,3383],{},[30,95385,1785,95387,95389],{"id":95386},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95388,95002],{}," with decimal places",[20,95391,95392],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[35,95394,95396],{"className":37,"code":95395,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95397,95398,95416],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95399,95400,95402,95404,95406,95408,95410,95412,95414],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95401,136],{"class":135},[44,95403,120],{"class":58},[44,95405,95043],{"class":135},[44,95407,120],{"class":58},[44,95409,95048],{"class":95},[44,95411,83],{"class":58},[44,95413,1717],{"class":95},[44,95415,2239],{"class":58},[44,95417,95418,95420,95422,95424,95426,95428,95430,95432],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95419,136],{"class":135},[44,95421,120],{"class":58},[44,95423,95043],{"class":135},[44,95425,120],{"class":58},[44,95427,95048],{"class":95},[44,95429,83],{"class":58},[44,95431,2955],{"class":95},[44,95433,2239],{"class":58},[20,95435,2576],{},[35,95437,95439],{"className":37,"code":95438,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95440,95441,95445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95442,95443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95444,40410],{"class":95},[44,95446,95447],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95448,95449],{"class":95},"3.142\n",[20,95451,95452],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[35,95454,95456],{"className":37,"code":95455,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95457,95458,95467,95486,95490,95500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95459,95460,95462,95464],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95461,40620],{"class":50},[44,95463,55],{"class":54},[44,95465,95466],{"class":95}," 19.9876\n",[44,95468,95469,95472,95474,95476,95478,95480,95482,95484],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95470,95471],{"class":50},"rounded_price ",[44,95473,55],{"class":54},[44,95475,95320],{"class":135},[44,95477,120],{"class":58},[44,95479,825],{"class":116},[44,95481,83],{"class":58},[44,95483,1717],{"class":95},[44,95485,129],{"class":58},[44,95487,95488],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,95489,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,95491,95492,95494,95496,95498],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,95493,136],{"class":135},[44,95495,120],{"class":58},[44,95497,825],{"class":116},[44,95499,129],{"class":58},[44,95501,95502,95504,95506,95509],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,95503,136],{"class":135},[44,95505,120],{"class":58},[44,95507,95508],{"class":116},"rounded_price",[44,95510,129],{"class":58},[20,95512,2576],{},[35,95514,95516],{"className":37,"code":95515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95517,95518,95523],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95519,95520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95521,95522],{"class":95},"19.9876\n",[44,95524,95525],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95526,95527],{"class":95},"19.99\n",[20,95529,95530,95531,95534,95535,3384,95537,113],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95532,95533],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[625,95536,41125],{"href":41124},[625,95538,4083,95539,4016],{"href":3387},[15,95540,3390],{},[30,95542,95544,95545],{"id":95543},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95546,95152],{},[20,95548,95549,95550,95552],{},"A negative ",[15,95551,95152],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[35,95554,95556],{"className":37,"code":95555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95557,95558,95578,95598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95559,95560,95562,95564,95566,95568,95570,95572,95574,95576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95561,136],{"class":135},[44,95563,120],{"class":58},[44,95565,95043],{"class":135},[44,95567,120],{"class":58},[44,95569,95211],{"class":95},[44,95571,83],{"class":58},[44,95573,908],{"class":54},[44,95575,1588],{"class":95},[44,95577,2239],{"class":58},[44,95579,95580,95582,95584,95586,95588,95590,95592,95594,95596],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95581,136],{"class":135},[44,95583,120],{"class":58},[44,95585,95043],{"class":135},[44,95587,120],{"class":58},[44,95589,95211],{"class":95},[44,95591,83],{"class":58},[44,95593,908],{"class":54},[44,95595,2561],{"class":95},[44,95597,2239],{"class":58},[44,95599,95600,95602,95604,95606,95608,95610,95612,95614,95616],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,95601,136],{"class":135},[44,95603,120],{"class":58},[44,95605,95043],{"class":135},[44,95607,120],{"class":58},[44,95609,95211],{"class":95},[44,95611,83],{"class":58},[44,95613,908],{"class":54},[44,95615,2567],{"class":95},[44,95617,2239],{"class":58},[20,95619,2576],{},[35,95621,95623],{"className":37,"code":95622,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95624,95625,95630,95634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95626,95627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95628,95629],{"class":95},"1230\n",[44,95631,95632],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95633,95240],{"class":95},[44,95635,95636],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,95637,95638],{"class":95},"1000\n",[20,95640,65826],{},[252,95642,95643,95648,95654],{},[255,95644,95645,95647],{},[15,95646,66096],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[255,95649,95650,95653],{},[15,95651,95652],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[255,95655,95656,95658],{},[15,95657,47907],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95660,95661],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[30,95663,95665],{"id":95664},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95667,95668,95669,113],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95670,95671],{},".5",[20,95673,5973],{},[35,95675,95677],{"className":37,"code":95676,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95678,95679,95693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95680,95681,95683,95685,95687,95689,95691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95682,136],{"class":135},[44,95684,120],{"class":58},[44,95686,95043],{"class":135},[44,95688,120],{"class":58},[44,95690,41392],{"class":95},[44,95692,2239],{"class":58},[44,95694,95695,95697,95699,95701,95703,95705],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95696,136],{"class":135},[44,95698,120],{"class":58},[44,95700,95043],{"class":135},[44,95702,120],{"class":58},[44,95704,2544],{"class":95},[44,95706,2239],{"class":58},[20,95708,2576],{},[35,95710,95712],{"className":37,"code":95711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n4\n",[15,95713,95714,95718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95715,95716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95717,17510],{"class":95},[44,95719,95720],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95721,48887],{"class":95},[20,95723,95724,95725,95728,95729,95731],{},"Python uses ",[590,95726,95727],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95730,95671],{}," situations.",[20,95733,95734],{},"More examples:",[35,95736,95738],{"className":37,"code":95737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95739,95740,95754,95768,95782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95741,95742,95744,95746,95748,95750,95752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95743,136],{"class":135},[44,95745,120],{"class":58},[44,95747,95043],{"class":135},[44,95749,120],{"class":58},[44,95751,41405],{"class":95},[44,95753,2239],{"class":58},[44,95755,95756,95758,95760,95762,95764,95766],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95757,136],{"class":135},[44,95759,120],{"class":58},[44,95761,95043],{"class":135},[44,95763,120],{"class":58},[44,95765,41392],{"class":95},[44,95767,2239],{"class":58},[44,95769,95770,95772,95774,95776,95778,95780],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,95771,136],{"class":135},[44,95773,120],{"class":58},[44,95775,95043],{"class":135},[44,95777,120],{"class":58},[44,95779,2544],{"class":95},[44,95781,2239],{"class":58},[44,95783,95784,95786,95788,95790,95792,95794],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,95785,136],{"class":135},[44,95787,120],{"class":58},[44,95789,95043],{"class":135},[44,95791,120],{"class":58},[44,95793,41357],{"class":95},[44,95795,2239],{"class":58},[20,95797,2576],{},[35,95799,95801],{"className":37,"code":95800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95802,95803,95807,95811,95815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95804,95805],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95806,17510],{"class":95},[44,95808,95809],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95810,17510],{"class":95},[44,95812,95813],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,95814,48887],{"class":95},[44,95816,95817],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,95818,48887],{"class":95},[20,95820,95821],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95823,11195],{},[252,95825,95826,95833],{},[255,95827,95828,2640,95831],{},[15,95829,95830],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95832,2561],{},[255,95834,95835,2640,95838],{},[15,95836,95837],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95839,3008],{},[20,95841,3676,95842,95844],{},[15,95843,95671],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[30,95846,95848],{"id":95847},"return-values","Return values",[20,95850,95851,95853],{},[15,95852,95002],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95855,41139,95856,95858],{},[590,95857,592],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[35,95860,95862],{"className":37,"code":95861,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95863,95864,95873,95877,95887,95905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95865,95866,95868,95870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95867,1244],{"class":50},[44,95869,55],{"class":54},[44,95871,95872],{"class":95}," 3.14159\n",[44,95874,95875],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95876,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,95878,95879,95881,95883,95885],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,95880,136],{"class":135},[44,95882,120],{"class":58},[44,95884,1282],{"class":116},[44,95886,129],{"class":58},[44,95888,95889,95891,95893,95895,95897,95899,95901,95903],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,95890,136],{"class":135},[44,95892,120],{"class":58},[44,95894,95043],{"class":135},[44,95896,120],{"class":58},[44,95898,1282],{"class":116},[44,95900,83],{"class":58},[44,95902,1717],{"class":95},[44,95904,2239],{"class":58},[44,95906,95907,95909,95911,95913],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,95908,136],{"class":135},[44,95910,120],{"class":58},[44,95912,1282],{"class":116},[44,95914,129],{"class":58},[20,95916,2576],{},[35,95918,95920],{"className":37,"code":95919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95921,95922,95927,95931],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95923,95924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95925,95926],{"class":95},"3.14159\n",[44,95928,95929],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95930,40410],{"class":95},[44,95932,95933],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,95934,95926],{"class":95},[20,95936,95937],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[35,95939,95941],{"className":37,"code":95940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95942,95943,95951,95969,95973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95944,95945,95947,95949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95946,1244],{"class":50},[44,95948,55],{"class":54},[44,95950,95872],{"class":95},[44,95952,95953,95955,95957,95959,95961,95963,95965,95967],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95954,1244],{"class":50},[44,95956,55],{"class":54},[44,95958,95320],{"class":135},[44,95960,120],{"class":58},[44,95962,1282],{"class":116},[44,95964,83],{"class":58},[44,95966,1717],{"class":95},[44,95968,129],{"class":58},[44,95970,95971],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,95972,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,95974,95975,95977,95979,95981],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,95976,136],{"class":135},[44,95978,120],{"class":58},[44,95980,1282],{"class":116},[44,95982,129],{"class":58},[20,95984,2576],{},[35,95986,95987],{"className":37,"code":40410,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95988,95989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95990,95991],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95992,40410],{"class":95},[30,95994,769,95996],{"id":95995},"when-to-use-round",[15,95997,95002],{},[20,95999,227,96000,6819],{},[15,96001,95002],{},[252,96003,96004,96007,96010,96013],{},[255,96005,96006],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[255,96008,96009],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[255,96011,96012],{},"Round values before reporting results",[255,96014,96015],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,96017,5973],{},[35,96019,96021],{"className":37,"code":96020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,96022,96023,96032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96024,96025,96027,96029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96026,3100],{"class":50},[44,96028,55],{"class":54},[44,96030,96031],{"class":95}," 12.67891\n",[44,96033,96034,96036,96038,96040,96042,96044,96046,96048],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96035,136],{"class":135},[44,96037,120],{"class":58},[44,96039,95043],{"class":135},[44,96041,120],{"class":58},[44,96043,3123],{"class":116},[44,96045,83],{"class":58},[44,96047,1717],{"class":95},[44,96049,2239],{"class":58},[20,96051,2576],{},[35,96053,96055],{"className":37,"code":96054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"12.68\n",[15,96056,96057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96058,96059],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96060,96054],{"class":95},[30,96062,3335],{"id":3334},[20,96064,23533,96065,113],{},[15,96066,95002],{},[981,96068,1904,96070,96072,96073,96075],{"id":96069},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,96071,95002],{}," to always round ",[15,96074,95671],{}," upward",[20,96077,96078],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[35,96080,96081],{"className":37,"code":95676,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,96082,96083,96097],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96084,96085,96087,96089,96091,96093,96095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96086,136],{"class":135},[44,96088,120],{"class":58},[44,96090,95043],{"class":135},[44,96092,120],{"class":58},[44,96094,41392],{"class":95},[44,96096,2239],{"class":58},[44,96098,96099,96101,96103,96105,96107,96109],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96100,136],{"class":135},[44,96102,120],{"class":58},[44,96104,95043],{"class":135},[44,96106,120],{"class":58},[44,96108,2544],{"class":95},[44,96110,2239],{"class":58},[20,96112,2576],{},[35,96114,96115],{"className":37,"code":95711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,96116,96117,96121],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96118,96119],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96120,17510],{"class":95},[44,96122,96123],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96124,48887],{"class":95},[20,96126,96127],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[981,96129,96131],{"id":96130},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,96133,96134,96136],{},[15,96135,95002],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[35,96138,96140],{"className":37,"code":96139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96141,96142,96150,96164,96168],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96143,96144,96146,96148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96145,1244],{"class":50},[44,96147,55],{"class":54},[44,96149,95872],{"class":95},[44,96151,96152,96154,96156,96158,96160,96162],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96153,95043],{"class":135},[44,96155,120],{"class":58},[44,96157,1282],{"class":116},[44,96159,83],{"class":58},[44,96161,1717],{"class":95},[44,96163,129],{"class":58},[44,96165,96166],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,96167,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,96169,96170,96172,96174,96176],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,96171,136],{"class":135},[44,96173,120],{"class":58},[44,96175,1282],{"class":116},[44,96177,129],{"class":58},[20,96179,2576],{},[35,96181,96182],{"className":37,"code":95926,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,96183,96184],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96185,96186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96187,95926],{"class":95},[20,96189,96190],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[35,96192,96194],{"className":37,"code":96193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96195,96196],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96197,96198,96200,96202,96204,96206,96208,96210,96212],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96199,1244],{"class":50},[44,96201,55],{"class":54},[44,96203,95320],{"class":135},[44,96205,120],{"class":58},[44,96207,1282],{"class":116},[44,96209,83],{"class":58},[44,96211,1717],{"class":95},[44,96213,129],{"class":58},[981,96215,96217],{"id":96216},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96219,16856],{},[35,96221,96223],{"className":37,"code":96222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96224,96225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96226,96227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96228,96222],{"class":147},[20,96230,96231],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[35,96233,96235],{"className":37,"code":96234,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96236,96237,96249,96263,96267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96238,96239,96241,96243,96245,96247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96240,34915],{"class":50},[44,96242,55],{"class":54},[44,96244,75],{"class":62},[44,96246,40376],{"class":66},[44,96248,3865],{"class":62},[44,96250,96251,96253,96255,96257,96259,96261],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96252,2723],{"class":50},[44,96254,55],{"class":54},[44,96256,40488],{"class":2248},[44,96258,120],{"class":58},[44,96260,34936],{"class":116},[44,96262,129],{"class":58},[44,96264,96265],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,96266,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,96268,96269,96271,96273,96275,96277,96279,96281,96283],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,96270,136],{"class":135},[44,96272,120],{"class":58},[44,96274,95043],{"class":135},[44,96276,120],{"class":58},[44,96278,2744],{"class":116},[44,96280,83],{"class":58},[44,96282,1703],{"class":95},[44,96284,2239],{"class":58},[20,96286,2576],{},[35,96288,96290],{"className":37,"code":96289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.1\n",[15,96291,96292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96293,96294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96295,96289],{"class":95},[981,96297,96299],{"id":96298},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96301,96302,96304],{},[15,96303,95002],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96306,96307,96308,3384,96312,113],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[625,96309,96310],{"href":3387},[15,96311,3390],{},[625,96313,96314],{"href":3380},[15,96315,3383],{},[30,96317,2301],{"id":2300},[981,96319,2329,96321,96323,96324,96326],{"id":96320},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96322,95002],{}," always round ",[15,96325,40447],{}," up?",[20,96328,96329],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[981,96331,2329,96333,96335],{"id":96332},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96334,95002],{}," change the original number?",[20,96337,96338],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[981,96340,5671,96342,96344],{"id":96341},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96343,95002],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96346,96347,96348,96350,96351,3384,96353,113],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96349,95152],{}," value like ",[15,96352,66096],{},[15,96354,95652],{},[981,96356,2339,96358,96360,96361,2363],{"id":96357},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96359,95002],{}," on a string like ",[15,96362,48331],{},[20,96364,96365,96366,3384,96368,113],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96367,3390],{},[15,96369,3383],{},[30,96371,2375],{"id":2374},[252,96373,96374,96380,96386,96390],{},[255,96375,96376],{},[625,96377,4083,96378,4016],{"href":3387},[15,96379,3390],{},[255,96381,96382],{},[625,96383,4083,96384,4016],{"href":3380},[15,96385,3383],{},[255,96387,96388],{},[625,96389,2924],{"href":2923},[255,96391,96392],{},[625,96393,42415],{"href":41124},[2414,96395,96396],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":96398},[96399,96400,96402,96403,96405,96407,96409,96410,96411,96413,96420,96430],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":95094,"depth":102,"text":96401},"What round() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":95248,"depth":102,"text":96404},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95386,"depth":102,"text":96406},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95543,"depth":102,"text":96408},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95664,"depth":102,"text":95665},{"id":95847,"depth":102,"text":95848},{"id":95995,"depth":102,"text":96412},"When to use round()",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":96414},[96415,96417,96418,96419],{"id":96069,"depth":132,"text":96416},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":96130,"depth":132,"text":96131},{"id":96216,"depth":132,"text":96217},{"id":96298,"depth":132,"text":96299},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":96421},[96422,96424,96426,96428],{"id":96320,"depth":132,"text":96423},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96332,"depth":132,"text":96425},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96341,"depth":132,"text":96427},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96357,"depth":132,"text":96429},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94994,"description":96431},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96438,"title":96439,"body":96440,"description":97625,"extension":2465,"meta":97626,"navigation":169,"path":97627,"seo":97628,"stem":97629,"__hash__":97630},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96441,"toc":97599},[96442,96449,96455,96458,96460,96509,96513,96538,96543,96548,96553,96567,96578,96580,96599,96601,96617,96620,96631,96633,96635,96696,96700,96733,96740,96747,96750,96783,96786,96790,96793,96846,96850,96871,96877,96884,96891,96952,96960,97037,97041,97053,97062,97064,97070,97076,97080,97133,97136,97194,97198,97206,97209,97213,97216,97226,97228,97325,97328,97339,97342,97385,97389,97413,97416,97422,97424,97428,97453,97455,97522,97531,97533,97539,97544,97548,97551,97555,97562,97566,97571,97573,97590,97596],[10,96443,96445,96446,18],{"id":96444},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96447,96448],{},"add()",[20,96450,96451,96454],{},[15,96452,96453],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96456,96457],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[30,96459,2507],{"id":2506},[35,96461,96463],{"className":37,"code":96462,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96464,96465,96485,96499],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96466,96467,96469,96471,96473,96475,96477,96479,96481,96483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96468,1551],{"class":50},[44,96470,55],{"class":54},[44,96472,59],{"class":58},[44,96474,1588],{"class":95},[44,96476,83],{"class":58},[44,96478,1717],{"class":95},[44,96480,83],{"class":58},[44,96482,2955],{"class":95},[44,96484,99],{"class":58},[44,96486,96487,96489,96491,96493,96495,96497],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96488,1579],{"class":50},[44,96490,113],{"class":58},[44,96492,82348],{"class":116},[44,96494,120],{"class":58},[44,96496,3008],{"class":95},[44,96498,129],{"class":58},[44,96500,96501,96503,96505,96507],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,96502,136],{"class":135},[44,96504,120],{"class":58},[44,96506,1579],{"class":116},[44,96508,129],{"class":58},[20,96510,96511],{},[590,96512,2576],{},[35,96514,96516],{"className":37,"code":96515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96517,96518],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96519,96520,96522,96524,96526,96528,96530,96532,96534,96536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96521,9770],{"class":58},[44,96523,1588],{"class":95},[44,96525,83],{"class":58},[44,96527,1717],{"class":95},[44,96529,83],{"class":58},[44,96531,2955],{"class":95},[44,96533,83],{"class":58},[44,96535,2961],{"class":95},[44,96537,99],{"class":58},[20,96539,227,96540,96542],{},[15,96541,96448],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[30,96544,243,96546,246],{"id":96545},"what-setadd-does",[15,96547,96453],{},[20,96549,96550,96552],{},[15,96551,96453],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[252,96554,96555,96558,96561,96564],{},[255,96556,96557],{},"Adds one item to a set",[255,96559,96560],{},"Changes the original set in place",[255,96562,96563],{},"Does not return a new set",[255,96565,96566],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96568,96569,96570,3384,96574,113],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[625,96571,96573],{"href":96572},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[625,96575,96577],{"href":96576},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[30,96579,392],{"id":391},[35,96581,96583],{"className":37,"code":96582,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96584,96585],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96586,96587,96589,96591,96593,96595,96597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96588,16122],{"class":50},[44,96590,113],{"class":58},[44,96592,82348],{"class":116},[44,96594,120],{"class":58},[44,96596,23749],{"class":116},[44,96598,129],{"class":58},[20,96600,11935],{},[252,96602,96603,96608,96611],{},[255,96604,56148,96605,96607],{},[15,96606,96448],{}," on an existing set",[255,96609,96610],{},"Pass exactly one item",[255,96612,96613,96614],{},"The item must be ",[590,96615,96616],{},"hashable",[20,96618,96619],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[252,96621,96622,96624,96626,96629],{},[255,96623,56701],{},[255,96625,56704],{},[255,96627,96628],{},"Tuples",[255,96630,40828],{},[30,96632,11952],{"id":11951},[20,96634,11955],{},[35,96636,96638],{"className":37,"code":96637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96639,96640,96664,96682,96686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96641,96642,96644,96646,96648,96650,96652,96654,96656,96658,96660,96662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96643,13539],{"class":50},[44,96645,55],{"class":54},[44,96647,59],{"class":58},[44,96649,63],{"class":62},[44,96651,13556],{"class":66},[44,96653,63],{"class":62},[44,96655,83],{"class":58},[44,96657,75],{"class":62},[44,96659,13573],{"class":66},[44,96661,63],{"class":62},[44,96663,99],{"class":58},[44,96665,96666,96668,96670,96672,96674,96676,96678,96680],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96667,17954],{"class":50},[44,96669,113],{"class":58},[44,96671,82348],{"class":116},[44,96673,120],{"class":58},[44,96675,63],{"class":62},[44,96677,17907],{"class":66},[44,96679,63],{"class":62},[44,96681,129],{"class":58},[44,96683,96684],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,96685,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,96687,96688,96690,96692,96694],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,96689,136],{"class":135},[44,96691,120],{"class":58},[44,96693,17954],{"class":116},[44,96695,129],{"class":58},[20,96697,96698],{},[590,96699,30254],{},[35,96701,96703],{"className":37,"code":96702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96704,96705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96706,96707,96709,96711,96713,96715,96717,96719,96721,96723,96725,96727,96729,96731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96708,9770],{"class":58},[44,96710,2197],{"class":62},[44,96712,13556],{"class":66},[44,96714,2197],{"class":62},[44,96716,83],{"class":58},[44,96718,2232],{"class":62},[44,96720,17907],{"class":66},[44,96722,2197],{"class":62},[44,96724,83],{"class":58},[44,96726,2232],{"class":62},[44,96728,13573],{"class":66},[44,96730,2197],{"class":62},[44,96732,99],{"class":58},[20,96734,96735,96736,96739],{},"The new value ",[15,96737,96738],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96741,96742,96743,96746],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[590,96744,96745],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96748,96749],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[35,96751,96753],{"className":37,"code":96752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96754,96755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96756,96757,96759,96761,96763,96765,96767,96769,96771,96773,96775,96777,96779,96781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96758,9770],{"class":58},[44,96760,2197],{"class":62},[44,96762,13573],{"class":66},[44,96764,2197],{"class":62},[44,96766,83],{"class":58},[44,96768,2232],{"class":62},[44,96770,13556],{"class":66},[44,96772,2197],{"class":62},[44,96774,83],{"class":58},[44,96776,2232],{"class":62},[44,96778,17907],{"class":66},[44,96780,2197],{"class":62},[44,96782,99],{"class":58},[20,96784,96785],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[30,96787,96789],{"id":96788},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96791,96792],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[35,96794,96796],{"className":37,"code":96795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96797,96798,96818,96832,96836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96799,96800,96802,96804,96806,96808,96810,96812,96814,96816],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96801,1551],{"class":50},[44,96803,55],{"class":54},[44,96805,59],{"class":58},[44,96807,1588],{"class":95},[44,96809,83],{"class":58},[44,96811,1717],{"class":95},[44,96813,83],{"class":58},[44,96815,2955],{"class":95},[44,96817,99],{"class":58},[44,96819,96820,96822,96824,96826,96828,96830],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96821,1579],{"class":50},[44,96823,113],{"class":58},[44,96825,82348],{"class":116},[44,96827,120],{"class":58},[44,96829,2561],{"class":95},[44,96831,129],{"class":58},[44,96833,96834],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,96835,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,96837,96838,96840,96842,96844],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,96839,136],{"class":135},[44,96841,120],{"class":58},[44,96843,1579],{"class":116},[44,96845,129],{"class":58},[20,96847,96848],{},[590,96849,2576],{},[35,96851,96853],{"className":37,"code":96852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96854,96855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96856,96857,96859,96861,96863,96865,96867,96869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96858,9770],{"class":58},[44,96860,1588],{"class":95},[44,96862,83],{"class":58},[44,96864,1717],{"class":95},[44,96866,83],{"class":58},[44,96868,2955],{"class":95},[44,96870,99],{"class":58},[20,96872,96873,96874,96876],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96875,2561],{}," was already present.",[30,96878,96880,967,96882],{"id":96879},"add-vs-update",[15,96881,96448],{},[15,96883,15410],{},[20,96885,227,96886,96888,96889,113],{},[15,96887,96448],{}," when you want to add ",[590,96890,52895],{},[35,96892,96894],{"className":37,"code":96893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96895,96896,96920,96938,96942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96897,96898,96900,96902,96904,96906,96908,96910,96912,96914,96916,96918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96899,36320],{"class":50},[44,96901,55],{"class":54},[44,96903,59],{"class":58},[44,96905,63],{"class":62},[44,96907,625],{"class":66},[44,96909,63],{"class":62},[44,96911,83],{"class":58},[44,96913,75],{"class":62},[44,96915,639],{"class":66},[44,96917,63],{"class":62},[44,96919,99],{"class":58},[44,96921,96922,96924,96926,96928,96930,96932,96934,96936],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96923,36373],{"class":50},[44,96925,113],{"class":58},[44,96927,82348],{"class":116},[44,96929,120],{"class":58},[44,96931,63],{"class":62},[44,96933,696],{"class":66},[44,96935,63],{"class":62},[44,96937,129],{"class":58},[44,96939,96940],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,96941,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,96943,96944,96946,96948,96950],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,96945,136],{"class":135},[44,96947,120],{"class":58},[44,96949,36373],{"class":116},[44,96951,129],{"class":58},[20,96953,227,96954,96888,96956,96959],{},[15,96955,15410],{},[590,96957,96958],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[35,96961,96963],{"className":37,"code":96962,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96964,96965,96989,97023,97027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96966,96967,96969,96971,96973,96975,96977,96979,96981,96983,96985,96987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96968,36320],{"class":50},[44,96970,55],{"class":54},[44,96972,59],{"class":58},[44,96974,63],{"class":62},[44,96976,625],{"class":66},[44,96978,63],{"class":62},[44,96980,83],{"class":58},[44,96982,75],{"class":62},[44,96984,639],{"class":66},[44,96986,63],{"class":62},[44,96988,99],{"class":58},[44,96990,96991,96993,96995,96997,96999,97001,97003,97005,97007,97009,97011,97013,97015,97017,97019,97021],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96992,36373],{"class":50},[44,96994,113],{"class":58},[44,96996,30689],{"class":116},[44,96998,3492],{"class":58},[44,97000,63],{"class":62},[44,97002,696],{"class":66},[44,97004,63],{"class":62},[44,97006,83],{"class":58},[44,97008,75],{"class":62},[44,97010,19217],{"class":66},[44,97012,63],{"class":62},[44,97014,83],{"class":58},[44,97016,75],{"class":62},[44,97018,60688],{"class":66},[44,97020,63],{"class":62},[44,97022,4391],{"class":58},[44,97024,97025],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,97026,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,97028,97029,97031,97033,97035],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,97030,136],{"class":135},[44,97032,120],{"class":58},[44,97034,36373],{"class":116},[44,97036,129],{"class":58},[981,97038,97040],{"id":97039},"key-difference","Key difference",[252,97042,97043,97048],{},[255,97044,97045,97047],{},[15,97046,96448],{}," adds one item",[255,97049,97050,97052],{},[15,97051,15410],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,97054,97055,97056,113],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[625,97057,97059,97060,11221],{"href":97058},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,97061,15410],{},[30,97063,583],{"id":582},[20,97065,97066,2901,97068,113],{},[15,97067,96453],{},[15,97069,4282],{},[20,97071,97072,97073,97075],{},"That means you should ",[590,97074,592],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[981,97077,97079],{"id":97078},"correct","Correct",[35,97081,97083],{"className":37,"code":97082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97084,97085,97105,97119,97123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97086,97087,97089,97091,97093,97095,97097,97099,97101,97103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97088,16084],{"class":50},[44,97090,55],{"class":54},[44,97092,59],{"class":58},[44,97094,1588],{"class":95},[44,97096,83],{"class":58},[44,97098,1717],{"class":95},[44,97100,83],{"class":58},[44,97102,2955],{"class":95},[44,97104,99],{"class":58},[44,97106,97107,97109,97111,97113,97115,97117],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97108,16122],{"class":50},[44,97110,113],{"class":58},[44,97112,82348],{"class":116},[44,97114,120],{"class":58},[44,97116,3008],{"class":95},[44,97118,129],{"class":58},[44,97120,97121],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,97122,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,97124,97125,97127,97129,97131],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,97126,136],{"class":135},[44,97128,120],{"class":58},[44,97130,16122],{"class":116},[44,97132,129],{"class":58},[981,97134,97135],{"id":62010},"Wrong",[35,97137,97139],{"className":37,"code":97138,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97140,97141,97161,97180,97184],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97142,97143,97145,97147,97149,97151,97153,97155,97157,97159],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97144,16084],{"class":50},[44,97146,55],{"class":54},[44,97148,59],{"class":58},[44,97150,1588],{"class":95},[44,97152,83],{"class":58},[44,97154,1717],{"class":95},[44,97156,83],{"class":58},[44,97158,2955],{"class":95},[44,97160,99],{"class":58},[44,97162,97163,97165,97167,97170,97172,97174,97176,97178],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97164,16084],{"class":50},[44,97166,55],{"class":54},[44,97168,97169],{"class":50}," my_set",[44,97171,113],{"class":58},[44,97173,82348],{"class":116},[44,97175,120],{"class":58},[44,97177,3008],{"class":95},[44,97179,129],{"class":58},[44,97181,97182],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,97183,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,97185,97186,97188,97190,97192],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,97187,136],{"class":135},[44,97189,120],{"class":58},[44,97191,16122],{"class":116},[44,97193,129],{"class":58},[20,97195,97196],{},[590,97197,2576],{},[35,97199,97200],{"className":37,"code":12280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97201,97202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97203,97204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97205,12280],{"class":1266},[20,97207,97208],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[30,97210,97212],{"id":97211},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97214,97215],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[252,97217,97218,97220,97222,97224],{},[255,97219,56701],{},[255,97221,56704],{},[255,97223,96628],{},[255,97225,40828],{},[20,97227,269],{},[35,97229,97231],{"className":37,"code":97230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97232,97233,97243,97247,97261,97279,97297,97311,97315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97234,97235,97237,97239,97241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97236,8276],{"class":50},[44,97238,55],{"class":54},[44,97240,16089],{"class":2248},[44,97242,9138],{"class":58},[44,97244,97245],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97246,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,97248,97249,97251,97253,97255,97257,97259],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,97250,8305],{"class":50},[44,97252,113],{"class":58},[44,97254,82348],{"class":116},[44,97256,120],{"class":58},[44,97258,1559],{"class":95},[44,97260,129],{"class":58},[44,97262,97263,97265,97267,97269,97271,97273,97275,97277],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,97264,8305],{"class":50},[44,97266,113],{"class":58},[44,97268,82348],{"class":116},[44,97270,120],{"class":58},[44,97272,63],{"class":62},[44,97274,4349],{"class":66},[44,97276,63],{"class":62},[44,97278,129],{"class":58},[44,97280,97281,97283,97285,97287,97289,97291,97293,97295],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,97282,8305],{"class":50},[44,97284,113],{"class":58},[44,97286,82348],{"class":116},[44,97288,6011],{"class":58},[44,97290,1588],{"class":95},[44,97292,83],{"class":58},[44,97294,1717],{"class":95},[44,97296,2239],{"class":58},[44,97298,97299,97301,97303,97305,97307,97309],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,97300,8305],{"class":50},[44,97302,113],{"class":58},[44,97304,82348],{"class":116},[44,97306,120],{"class":58},[44,97308,4112],{"class":1266},[44,97310,129],{"class":58},[44,97312,97313],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,97314,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,97316,97317,97319,97321,97323],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,97318,136],{"class":135},[44,97320,120],{"class":58},[44,97322,8305],{"class":116},[44,97324,129],{"class":58},[20,97326,97327],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[252,97329,97330,97333,97336],{},[255,97331,97332],{},"Lists",[255,97334,97335],{},"Dictionaries",[255,97337,97338],{},"Sets",[20,97340,97341],{},"Example that causes an error:",[35,97343,97345],{"className":37,"code":97344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97346,97347,97367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97348,97349,97351,97353,97355,97357,97359,97361,97363,97365],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97350,8276],{"class":50},[44,97352,55],{"class":54},[44,97354,59],{"class":58},[44,97356,1588],{"class":95},[44,97358,83],{"class":58},[44,97360,1717],{"class":95},[44,97362,83],{"class":58},[44,97364,2955],{"class":95},[44,97366,99],{"class":58},[44,97368,97369,97371,97373,97375,97377,97379,97381,97383],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97370,8305],{"class":50},[44,97372,113],{"class":58},[44,97374,82348],{"class":116},[44,97376,3492],{"class":58},[44,97378,3008],{"class":95},[44,97380,83],{"class":58},[44,97382,5108],{"class":95},[44,97384,4391],{"class":58},[20,97386,97387],{},[590,97388,29905],{},[35,97390,97392],{"className":37,"code":97391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97393,97394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97395,97396,97398,97400,97403,97405,97407,97409,97411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97397,3511],{"class":2248},[44,97399,72],{"class":58},[44,97401,97402],{"class":50}," unhashable ",[44,97404,2249],{"class":2248},[44,97406,72],{"class":58},[44,97408,2232],{"class":62},[44,97410,8588],{"class":66},[44,97412,29924],{"class":62},[20,97414,97415],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97417,97418,97419,113],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97420,97421],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[30,97423,3335],{"id":3334},[20,97425,15191,97426,72],{},[15,97427,96453],{},[252,97429,97430,97435,97440,97443,97450],{},[255,97431,1785,97432,97434],{},[15,97433,96448],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[255,97436,1904,97437,97439],{},[15,97438,96448],{}," to return the updated set",[255,97441,97442],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[255,97444,37435,97445,97447,97448],{},[15,97446,96453],{}," with list ",[15,97449,52891],{},[255,97451,97452],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97454,71748],{},[35,97456,97458],{"className":37,"code":97457,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97459,97460,97470,97484,97494,97508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97461,97462,97464,97466,97468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97463,136],{"class":135},[44,97465,120],{"class":58},[44,97467,16122],{"class":116},[44,97469,129],{"class":58},[44,97471,97472,97474,97476,97478,97480,97482],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97473,136],{"class":135},[44,97475,120],{"class":58},[44,97477,2249],{"class":2248},[44,97479,120],{"class":58},[44,97481,16122],{"class":116},[44,97483,2239],{"class":58},[44,97485,97486,97488,97490,97492],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,97487,136],{"class":135},[44,97489,120],{"class":58},[44,97491,1282],{"class":116},[44,97493,129],{"class":58},[44,97495,97496,97498,97500,97502,97504,97506],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,97497,136],{"class":135},[44,97499,120],{"class":58},[44,97501,2249],{"class":2248},[44,97503,120],{"class":58},[44,97505,1282],{"class":116},[44,97507,2239],{"class":58},[44,97509,97510,97512,97514,97516,97518,97520],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,97511,32378],{"class":135},[44,97513,120],{"class":58},[44,97515,6788],{"class":2248},[44,97517,113],{"class":58},[44,97519,82348],{"class":25189},[44,97521,129],{"class":58},[20,97523,97524,97525,97527,97528,113],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97526,96453],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[625,97529,53288],{"href":97530},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[30,97532,2301],{"id":2300},[981,97534,2329,97536,97538],{"id":97535},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97537,96453],{}," return a new set?",[20,97540,97541,97542,113],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97543,4282],{},[981,97545,97547],{"id":97546},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97549,97550],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[981,97552,97554],{"id":97553},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97556,227,97557,2037,97560,113],{},[15,97558,97559],{},"set.update()",[15,97561,96448],{},[981,97563,97565],{"id":97564},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97567,97568,97569,113],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97570,3511],{},[30,97572,2375],{"id":2374},[252,97574,97575,97579,97584],{},[255,97576,97577],{},[625,97578,96573],{"href":96572},[255,97580,97581],{},[625,97582,97583],{"href":96576},"How to create a set in Python",[255,97585,97586],{},[625,97587,97059,97588,11221],{"href":97058},[15,97589,15410],{},[20,97591,97592,97593,97595],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97594,96448],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2414,97597,97598],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":97600},[97601,97602,97604,97605,97606,97607,97611,97615,97616,97617,97624],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":96545,"depth":102,"text":97603},"What set.add() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952},{"id":96788,"depth":102,"text":96789},{"id":96879,"depth":102,"text":97608,"children":97609},"add() vs update()",[97610],{"id":97039,"depth":132,"text":97040},{"id":582,"depth":102,"text":583,"children":97612},[97613,97614],{"id":97078,"depth":132,"text":97079},{"id":62010,"depth":132,"text":97135},{"id":97211,"depth":102,"text":97212},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":97618},[97619,97621,97622,97623],{"id":97535,"depth":132,"text":97620},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97546,"depth":132,"text":97547},{"id":97553,"depth":132,"text":97554},{"id":97564,"depth":132,"text":97565},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96439,"description":97625},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97632,"title":97633,"body":97634,"description":98803,"extension":2465,"meta":98804,"navigation":169,"path":98805,"seo":98806,"stem":98807,"__hash__":98808},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97635,"toc":98770},[97636,97641,97647,97654,97699,97701,97712,97717,97722,97726,97740,97745,97747,97749,97764,97766,97780,97782,97784,97849,97851,97861,97863,97881,97887,97894,97899,97973,97975,97992,97998,98003,98074,98076,98103,98120,98123,98129,98131,98138,98142,98209,98211,98226,98229,98282,98284,98292,98304,98306,98310,98315,98317,98366,98368,98376,98378,98423,98425,98435,98441,98449,98462,98468,98470,98499,98501,98519,98523,98526,98557,98559,98577,98581,98656,98658,98674,98681,98683,98688,98693,98699,98702,98706,98714,98721,98729,98731,98767],[10,97637,96445,97639,18],{"id":97638},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97640,11799],{},[20,97642,97643,97646],{},[15,97644,97645],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97648,97649,97650,97653],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[590,97651,97652],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[35,97655,97657],{"className":37,"code":97656,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97658,97659,97679,97689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97660,97661,97663,97665,97667,97669,97671,97673,97675,97677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97662,1551],{"class":50},[44,97664,55],{"class":54},[44,97666,59],{"class":58},[44,97668,1588],{"class":95},[44,97670,83],{"class":58},[44,97672,1717],{"class":95},[44,97674,83],{"class":58},[44,97676,2955],{"class":95},[44,97678,99],{"class":58},[44,97680,97681,97683,97685,97687],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97682,1579],{"class":50},[44,97684,113],{"class":58},[44,97686,11860],{"class":116},[44,97688,9138],{"class":58},[44,97690,97691,97693,97695,97697],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,97692,136],{"class":135},[44,97694,120],{"class":58},[44,97696,1579],{"class":116},[44,97698,129],{"class":58},[20,97700,2576],{},[35,97702,97704],{"className":37,"code":97703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n",[15,97705,97706],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97707,97708,97710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97709,6788],{"class":2248},[44,97711,9138],{"class":58},[20,97713,97714,97716],{},[15,97715,11799],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[30,97718,243,97720,246],{"id":97719},"what-setclear-does",[15,97721,97645],{},[20,97723,2482,97724,11890],{},[15,97725,11799],{},[252,97727,97728,97731,97733,97737],{},[255,97729,97730],{},"Removes every item from a set",[255,97732,96560],{},[255,97734,11901,97735],{},[15,97736,4282],{},[255,97738,97739],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97741,96569,97742,71847],{},[625,97743,96573],{"href":97744},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[30,97746,392],{"id":391},[20,97748,54686],{},[35,97750,97752],{"className":37,"code":97751,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97753,97754],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97755,97756,97758,97760,97762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97757,16122],{"class":50},[44,97759,113],{"class":58},[44,97761,11860],{"class":116},[44,97763,9138],{"class":58},[20,97765,13515],{},[252,97767,97768,97771,97774,97777],{},[255,97769,97770],{},"It takes no arguments",[255,97772,97773],{},"It empties the set",[255,97775,97776],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[255,97778,97779],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[30,97781,11952],{"id":11951},[20,97783,11955],{},[35,97785,97787],{"className":37,"code":97786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97788,97789,97821,97825,97835,97839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97790,97791,97793,97795,97797,97799,97801,97803,97805,97807,97809,97811,97813,97815,97817,97819],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97792,13539],{"class":50},[44,97794,55],{"class":54},[44,97796,59],{"class":58},[44,97798,63],{"class":62},[44,97800,13556],{"class":66},[44,97802,63],{"class":62},[44,97804,83],{"class":58},[44,97806,75],{"class":62},[44,97808,17907],{"class":66},[44,97810,63],{"class":62},[44,97812,83],{"class":58},[44,97814,75],{"class":62},[44,97816,13573],{"class":66},[44,97818,63],{"class":62},[44,97820,99],{"class":58},[44,97822,97823],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97824,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,97826,97827,97829,97831,97833],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,97828,17954],{"class":50},[44,97830,113],{"class":58},[44,97832,11860],{"class":116},[44,97834,9138],{"class":58},[44,97836,97837],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,97838,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,97840,97841,97843,97845,97847],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,97842,136],{"class":135},[44,97844,120],{"class":58},[44,97846,17954],{"class":116},[44,97848,129],{"class":58},[20,97850,2576],{},[35,97852,97853],{"className":37,"code":97703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97854,97855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97856,97857,97859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97858,6788],{"class":2248},[44,97860,9138],{"class":58},[20,97862,12158],{},[252,97864,97865,97870,97875],{},[255,97866,97867,97869],{},[15,97868,17954],{}," starts with three values",[255,97871,97872,12171],{},[15,97873,97874],{},"colors.clear()",[255,97876,97877,97878,97880],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97879,4301],{},", which means an empty set",[30,97882,97884,97886],{"id":97883},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97885,11799],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97888,97889,976,97891,97893],{},[15,97890,11799],{},[15,97892,4301],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[981,97895,1785,97897],{"id":97896},"using-clear",[15,97898,11799],{},[35,97900,97902],{"className":37,"code":97901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97903,97904,97924,97934,97938,97948,97952,97962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97905,97906,97908,97910,97912,97914,97916,97918,97920,97922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97907,8276],{"class":50},[44,97909,55],{"class":54},[44,97911,59],{"class":58},[44,97913,1588],{"class":95},[44,97915,83],{"class":58},[44,97917,1717],{"class":95},[44,97919,83],{"class":58},[44,97921,2955],{"class":95},[44,97923,99],{"class":58},[44,97925,97926,97929,97931],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97927,97928],{"class":50},"other_name ",[44,97930,55],{"class":54},[44,97932,97933],{"class":50}," items\n",[44,97935,97936],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,97937,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,97939,97940,97942,97944,97946],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,97941,8305],{"class":50},[44,97943,113],{"class":58},[44,97945,11860],{"class":116},[44,97947,9138],{"class":58},[44,97949,97950],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,97951,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,97953,97954,97956,97958,97960],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,97955,136],{"class":135},[44,97957,120],{"class":58},[44,97959,8305],{"class":116},[44,97961,129],{"class":58},[44,97963,97964,97966,97968,97971],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,97965,136],{"class":135},[44,97967,120],{"class":58},[44,97969,97970],{"class":116},"other_name",[44,97972,129],{"class":58},[20,97974,2576],{},[35,97976,97978],{"className":37,"code":97977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97979,97980,97986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97981,97982,97984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97983,6788],{"class":2248},[44,97985,9138],{"class":58},[44,97987,97988,97990],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97989,6788],{"class":2248},[44,97991,9138],{"class":58},[20,97993,97994,97995,113],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[590,97996,97997],{},"same set object",[981,97999,1785,98001],{"id":98000},"using-set",[15,98002,4301],{},[35,98004,98006],{"className":37,"code":98005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,98007,98008,98028,98036,98040,98050,98054,98064],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98009,98010,98012,98014,98016,98018,98020,98022,98024,98026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98011,8276],{"class":50},[44,98013,55],{"class":54},[44,98015,59],{"class":58},[44,98017,1588],{"class":95},[44,98019,83],{"class":58},[44,98021,1717],{"class":95},[44,98023,83],{"class":58},[44,98025,2955],{"class":95},[44,98027,99],{"class":58},[44,98029,98030,98032,98034],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98031,97928],{"class":50},[44,98033,55],{"class":54},[44,98035,97933],{"class":50},[44,98037,98038],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,98039,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,98041,98042,98044,98046,98048],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,98043,8276],{"class":50},[44,98045,55],{"class":54},[44,98047,16089],{"class":2248},[44,98049,9138],{"class":58},[44,98051,98052],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,98053,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,98055,98056,98058,98060,98062],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,98057,136],{"class":135},[44,98059,120],{"class":58},[44,98061,8305],{"class":116},[44,98063,129],{"class":58},[44,98065,98066,98068,98070,98072],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,98067,136],{"class":135},[44,98069,120],{"class":58},[44,98071,97970],{"class":116},[44,98073,129],{"class":58},[20,98075,2576],{},[35,98077,98079],{"className":37,"code":98078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,98080,98081,98087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98082,98083,98085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98084,6788],{"class":2248},[44,98086,9138],{"class":58},[44,98088,98089,98091,98093,98095,98097,98099,98101],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98090,9770],{"class":58},[44,98092,1588],{"class":95},[44,98094,83],{"class":58},[44,98096,1717],{"class":95},[44,98098,83],{"class":58},[44,98100,2955],{"class":95},[44,98102,99],{"class":58},[20,98104,381,98105,93337,98108,98111,98112,113,98114,98116,98117,98119],{},[15,98106,98107],{},"items = set()",[590,98109,98110],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,98113,8305],{},[10333,98115],{},"\nBut ",[15,98118,97970],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,98121,98122],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,98124,98125,98126,113],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[625,98127,96577],{"href":98128},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[30,98130,583],{"id":582},[20,98132,98133,588,98135,98137],{},[15,98134,11799],{},[590,98136,592],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,98139,5649,98140,113],{},[15,98141,4282],{},[35,98143,98145],{"className":37,"code":98144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98146,98147,98167,98171,98185,98189,98199],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98148,98149,98151,98153,98155,98157,98159,98161,98163,98165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98150,1551],{"class":50},[44,98152,55],{"class":54},[44,98154,59],{"class":58},[44,98156,1588],{"class":95},[44,98158,83],{"class":58},[44,98160,1717],{"class":95},[44,98162,83],{"class":58},[44,98164,2955],{"class":95},[44,98166,99],{"class":58},[44,98168,98169],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98170,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,98172,98173,98175,98177,98179,98181,98183],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,98174,1953],{"class":50},[44,98176,55],{"class":54},[44,98178,4767],{"class":50},[44,98180,113],{"class":58},[44,98182,11860],{"class":116},[44,98184,9138],{"class":58},[44,98186,98187],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,98188,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,98190,98191,98193,98195,98197],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,98192,136],{"class":135},[44,98194,120],{"class":58},[44,98196,1984],{"class":116},[44,98198,129],{"class":58},[44,98200,98201,98203,98205,98207],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,98202,136],{"class":135},[44,98204,120],{"class":58},[44,98206,1579],{"class":116},[44,98208,129],{"class":58},[20,98210,2576],{},[35,98212,98214],{"className":37,"code":98213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\nset()\n",[15,98215,98216,98220],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98217,98218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98219,12280],{"class":1266},[44,98221,98222,98224],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98223,6788],{"class":2248},[44,98225,9138],{"class":58},[20,98227,98228],{},"Do not do this:",[35,98230,98232],{"className":37,"code":98231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98233,98234,98254,98268,98272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98235,98236,98238,98240,98242,98244,98246,98248,98250,98252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98237,1551],{"class":50},[44,98239,55],{"class":54},[44,98241,59],{"class":58},[44,98243,1588],{"class":95},[44,98245,83],{"class":58},[44,98247,1717],{"class":95},[44,98249,83],{"class":58},[44,98251,2955],{"class":95},[44,98253,99],{"class":58},[44,98255,98256,98258,98260,98262,98264,98266],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98257,1551],{"class":50},[44,98259,55],{"class":54},[44,98261,4767],{"class":50},[44,98263,113],{"class":58},[44,98265,11860],{"class":116},[44,98267,9138],{"class":58},[44,98269,98270],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,98271,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,98273,98274,98276,98278,98280],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,98275,136],{"class":135},[44,98277,120],{"class":58},[44,98279,1579],{"class":116},[44,98281,129],{"class":58},[20,98283,2576],{},[35,98285,98286],{"className":37,"code":12280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98287,98288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98289,98290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98291,12280],{"class":1266},[20,98293,22627,98294,2901,98296,98298,98299,98301,98302,113],{},[15,98295,54799],{},[15,98297,4282],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98300,4282],{}," back to ",[15,98303,1579],{},[30,98305,1526],{"id":1525},[20,98307,11228,98308,113],{},[15,98309,97645],{},[981,98311,13063,98313],{"id":98312},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98314,11799],{},[20,98316,17098],{},[35,98318,98320],{"className":37,"code":98319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98321,98322,98342,98356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98323,98324,98326,98328,98330,98332,98334,98336,98338,98340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98325,16084],{"class":50},[44,98327,55],{"class":54},[44,98329,59],{"class":58},[44,98331,1588],{"class":95},[44,98333,83],{"class":58},[44,98335,1717],{"class":95},[44,98337,83],{"class":58},[44,98339,2955],{"class":95},[44,98341,99],{"class":58},[44,98343,98344,98346,98348,98350,98352,98354],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98345,16084],{"class":50},[44,98347,55],{"class":54},[44,98349,97169],{"class":50},[44,98351,113],{"class":58},[44,98353,11860],{"class":116},[44,98355,9138],{"class":58},[44,98357,98358,98360,98362,98364],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,98359,136],{"class":135},[44,98361,120],{"class":58},[44,98363,16122],{"class":116},[44,98365,129],{"class":58},[20,98367,2576],{},[35,98369,98370],{"className":37,"code":12280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98371,98372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98373,98374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98375,12280],{"class":1266},[20,98377,17110],{},[35,98379,98381],{"className":37,"code":98380,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98382,98383,98403,98413],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98384,98385,98387,98389,98391,98393,98395,98397,98399,98401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98386,16084],{"class":50},[44,98388,55],{"class":54},[44,98390,59],{"class":58},[44,98392,1588],{"class":95},[44,98394,83],{"class":58},[44,98396,1717],{"class":95},[44,98398,83],{"class":58},[44,98400,2955],{"class":95},[44,98402,99],{"class":58},[44,98404,98405,98407,98409,98411],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98406,16122],{"class":50},[44,98408,113],{"class":58},[44,98410,11860],{"class":116},[44,98412,9138],{"class":58},[44,98414,98415,98417,98419,98421],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,98416,136],{"class":135},[44,98418,120],{"class":58},[44,98420,16122],{"class":116},[44,98422,129],{"class":58},[20,98424,2576],{},[35,98426,98427],{"className":37,"code":97703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98428,98429],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98430,98431,98433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98432,6788],{"class":2248},[44,98434,9138],{"class":58},[981,98436,1904,98438,98440],{"id":98437},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98439,11799],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98442,98443,98445,98446,98448],{},[15,98444,11799],{}," removes ",[590,98447,4219],{}," items from the set.",[20,98450,98451,98452,3384,98457,113],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[625,98453,98455],{"href":98454},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98456,55768],{},[625,98458,98460],{"href":98459},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98461,17],{},[981,98463,1785,98465,98467],{"id":98464},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98466,4296],{}," for an empty set",[20,98469,26127],{},[35,98471,98473],{"className":37,"code":98472,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98474,98475,98484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98476,98477,98480,98482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98478,98479],{"class":50},"empty_value ",[44,98481,55],{"class":54},[44,98483,10325],{"class":58},[44,98485,98486,98488,98490,98492,98494,98497],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98487,136],{"class":135},[44,98489,120],{"class":58},[44,98491,2249],{"class":2248},[44,98493,120],{"class":58},[44,98495,98496],{"class":116},"empty_value",[44,98498,2239],{"class":58},[20,98500,2576],{},[35,98502,98503],{"className":37,"code":9304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98504,98505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98506,98507,98509,98511,98513,98515,98517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98508,3797],{"class":54},[44,98510,3800],{"class":2570},[44,98512,2232],{"class":62},[44,98514,9317],{"class":66},[44,98516,2197],{"class":62},[44,98518,3809],{"class":54},[20,98520,98521,9284],{},[15,98522,4296],{},[20,98524,98525],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[35,98527,98529],{"className":37,"code":98528,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98530,98531,98542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98532,98533,98536,98538,98540],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98534,98535],{"class":50},"empty_set ",[44,98537,55],{"class":54},[44,98539,16089],{"class":2248},[44,98541,9138],{"class":58},[44,98543,98544,98546,98548,98550,98552,98555],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98545,136],{"class":135},[44,98547,120],{"class":58},[44,98549,2249],{"class":2248},[44,98551,120],{"class":58},[44,98553,98554],{"class":116},"empty_set",[44,98556,2239],{"class":58},[20,98558,2576],{},[35,98560,98561],{"className":37,"code":9348,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98562,98563],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98564,98565,98567,98569,98571,98573,98575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98566,3797],{"class":54},[44,98568,3800],{"class":2570},[44,98570,2232],{"class":62},[44,98572,6788],{"class":66},[44,98574,2197],{"class":62},[44,98576,3809],{"class":54},[981,98578,98580],{"id":98579},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[35,98582,98584],{"className":37,"code":98583,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98585,98586,98610,98618,98622,98632,98636,98646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98587,98588,98590,98592,98594,98596,98598,98600,98602,98604,98606,98608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98589,3058],{"class":50},[44,98591,55],{"class":54},[44,98593,59],{"class":58},[44,98595,63],{"class":62},[44,98597,1696],{"class":66},[44,98599,63],{"class":62},[44,98601,83],{"class":58},[44,98603,75],{"class":62},[44,98605,1710],{"class":66},[44,98607,63],{"class":62},[44,98609,99],{"class":58},[44,98611,98612,98614,98616],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98613,3086],{"class":50},[44,98615,55],{"class":54},[44,98617,36405],{"class":50},[44,98619,98620],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,98621,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,98623,98624,98626,98628,98630],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,98625,625],{"class":50},[44,98627,113],{"class":58},[44,98629,11860],{"class":116},[44,98631,9138],{"class":58},[44,98633,98634],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,98635,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,98637,98638,98640,98642,98644],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,98639,136],{"class":135},[44,98641,120],{"class":58},[44,98643,625],{"class":116},[44,98645,129],{"class":58},[44,98647,98648,98650,98652,98654],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,98649,136],{"class":135},[44,98651,120],{"class":58},[44,98653,639],{"class":116},[44,98655,129],{"class":58},[20,98657,2576],{},[35,98659,98660],{"className":37,"code":97977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98661,98662,98668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98663,98664,98666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98665,6788],{"class":2248},[44,98667,9138],{"class":58},[44,98669,98670,98672],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98671,6788],{"class":2248},[44,98673,9138],{"class":58},[20,98675,29285,98676,976,98678,98680],{},[15,98677,625],{},[15,98679,639],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[30,98682,2301],{"id":2300},[981,98684,5643,98686,5646],{"id":98685},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98687,97645],{},[20,98689,5649,98690,98692],{},[15,98691,4282],{},". It empties the set in place.",[981,98694,2329,98696,98698],{"id":98695},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98697,11799],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98700,98701],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[981,98703,98705],{"id":98704},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98707,98708,98709,98711,98712,113],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98710,11799],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98713,4301],{},[981,98715,2358,98717,976,98719,2363],{"id":98716},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98718,11799],{},[15,98720,4301],{},[20,98722,98723,98725,98726,98728],{},[15,98724,11799],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98727,4301],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[30,98730,2375],{"id":2374},[252,98732,98733,98737,98741,98748,98754,98760],{},[255,98734,98735],{},[625,98736,96573],{"href":97744},[255,98738,98739],{},[625,98740,97583],{"href":98128},[255,98742,98743],{},[625,98744,97059,98746,11221],{"href":98745},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98747,96448],{},[255,98749,98750],{},[625,98751,97059,98752,11221],{"href":98454},[15,98753,55768],{},[255,98755,98756],{},[625,98757,97059,98758,11221],{"href":98459},[15,98759,17],{},[255,98761,98762],{},[625,98763,97059,98765,11221],{"href":98764},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98766,15410],{},[2414,98768,98769],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":98771},[98772,98774,98775,98776,98783,98784,98793,98802],{"id":97719,"depth":102,"text":98773},"What set.clear() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952},{"id":97883,"depth":102,"text":98777,"children":98778},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98779,98781],{"id":97896,"depth":132,"text":98780},"Using clear()",{"id":98000,"depth":132,"text":98782},"Using set()",{"id":582,"depth":102,"text":583},{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526,"children":98785},[98786,98788,98790,98792],{"id":98312,"depth":132,"text":98787},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98437,"depth":132,"text":98789},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98464,"depth":132,"text":98791},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98579,"depth":132,"text":98580},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":98794},[98795,98797,98799,98800],{"id":98685,"depth":132,"text":98796},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98695,"depth":132,"text":98798},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98704,"depth":132,"text":98705},{"id":98716,"depth":132,"text":98801},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97633,"description":98803},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98810,"title":98811,"body":98812,"description":100644,"extension":2465,"meta":100645,"navigation":169,"path":96576,"seo":100646,"stem":100647,"__hash__":100648},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98813,"toc":100601},[98814,98817,98820,98823,98825,98928,98932,98979,98985,98987,99006,99010,99013,99015,99029,99038,99042,99045,99080,99084,99104,99107,99111,99114,99175,99179,99204,99211,99217,99222,99224,99236,99240,99289,99293,99317,99324,99328,99369,99373,99394,99398,99431,99435,99476,99479,99483,99488,99527,99531,99556,99561,99567,99604,99608,99631,99635,99637,99640,99643,99720,99724,99761,99764,99768,99774,99777,99787,99836,99842,99848,99875,99878,99900,99902,99933,99936,99940,99944,99983,99987,100050,100053,100086,100090,100115,100117,100120,100126,100129,100156,100159,100177,100181,100185,100188,100231,100234,100238,100241,100244,100274,100277,100281,100284,100299,100304,100308,100311,100400,100402,100405,100495,100498,100516,100518,100522,100532,100536,100544,100548,100551,100555,100558,100562,100565,100567,100595,100598],[10,98815,98811],{"id":98816},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98818,98819],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98821,98822],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[30,98824,33],{"id":32},[35,98826,98828],{"className":37,"code":98827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98829,98830,98850,98884,98894,98898,98908,98918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98831,98832,98834,98836,98838,98840,98842,98844,98846,98848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98833,1551],{"class":50},[44,98835,55],{"class":54},[44,98837,59],{"class":58},[44,98839,1588],{"class":95},[44,98841,83],{"class":58},[44,98843,1717],{"class":95},[44,98845,83],{"class":58},[44,98847,2955],{"class":95},[44,98849,99],{"class":58},[44,98851,98852,98854,98856,98858,98860,98862,98864,98866,98868,98870,98872,98874,98876,98878,98880,98882],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98853,4573],{"class":50},[44,98855,55],{"class":54},[44,98857,16089],{"class":2248},[44,98859,3492],{"class":58},[44,98861,63],{"class":62},[44,98863,4582],{"class":66},[44,98865,63],{"class":62},[44,98867,83],{"class":58},[44,98869,75],{"class":62},[44,98871,4591],{"class":66},[44,98873,63],{"class":62},[44,98875,83],{"class":58},[44,98877,75],{"class":62},[44,98879,4582],{"class":66},[44,98881,63],{"class":62},[44,98883,4391],{"class":58},[44,98885,98886,98888,98890,98892],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,98887,98535],{"class":50},[44,98889,55],{"class":54},[44,98891,16089],{"class":2248},[44,98893,9138],{"class":58},[44,98895,98896],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,98897,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,98899,98900,98902,98904,98906],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,98901,136],{"class":135},[44,98903,120],{"class":58},[44,98905,1579],{"class":116},[44,98907,129],{"class":58},[44,98909,98910,98912,98914,98916],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,98911,136],{"class":135},[44,98913,120],{"class":58},[44,98915,4617],{"class":116},[44,98917,129],{"class":58},[44,98919,98920,98922,98924,98926],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,98921,136],{"class":135},[44,98923,120],{"class":58},[44,98925,98554],{"class":116},[44,98927,129],{"class":58},[20,98929,98930],{},[590,98931,2576],{},[35,98933,98935],{"className":37,"code":98934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98936,98937,98953,98973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98938,98939,98941,98943,98945,98947,98949,98951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98940,9770],{"class":58},[44,98942,1588],{"class":95},[44,98944,83],{"class":58},[44,98946,1717],{"class":95},[44,98948,83],{"class":58},[44,98950,2955],{"class":95},[44,98952,99],{"class":58},[44,98954,98955,98957,98959,98961,98963,98965,98967,98969,98971],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98956,9770],{"class":58},[44,98958,2197],{"class":62},[44,98960,4591],{"class":66},[44,98962,2197],{"class":62},[44,98964,83],{"class":58},[44,98966,2232],{"class":62},[44,98968,4582],{"class":66},[44,98970,2197],{"class":62},[44,98972,99],{"class":58},[44,98974,98975,98977],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,98976,6788],{"class":2248},[44,98978,9138],{"class":58},[20,98980,98981,98982,98984],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98983,4301],{}," for an empty set.",[30,98986,15619],{"id":15618},[252,98988,98989,98992,98997,99000,99003],{},[255,98990,98991],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[255,98993,98994,98995],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98996,4301],{},[255,98998,98999],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[255,99001,99002],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[255,99004,99005],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[30,99007,99009],{"id":99008},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,99011,99012],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,99014,30765],{},[252,99016,99017,99020,99023,99026],{},[255,99018,99019],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[255,99021,99022],{},"Sets are unordered",[255,99024,99025],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[255,99027,99028],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,99030,99031,99032,3384,99034,113],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[625,99033,96573],{"href":97744},[625,99035,99037],{"href":99036},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[30,99039,99041],{"id":99040},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,99043,99044],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[35,99046,99048],{"className":37,"code":99047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99049,99050,99070],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99051,99052,99054,99056,99058,99060,99062,99064,99066,99068],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99053,1551],{"class":50},[44,99055,55],{"class":54},[44,99057,59],{"class":58},[44,99059,1588],{"class":95},[44,99061,83],{"class":58},[44,99063,1717],{"class":95},[44,99065,83],{"class":58},[44,99067,2955],{"class":95},[44,99069,99],{"class":58},[44,99071,99072,99074,99076,99078],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99073,136],{"class":135},[44,99075,120],{"class":58},[44,99077,1579],{"class":116},[44,99079,129],{"class":58},[20,99081,99082],{},[590,99083,30254],{},[35,99085,99086],{"className":37,"code":96852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,99087,99088],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99089,99090,99092,99094,99096,99098,99100,99102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99091,9770],{"class":58},[44,99093,1588],{"class":95},[44,99095,83],{"class":58},[44,99097,1717],{"class":95},[44,99099,83],{"class":58},[44,99101,2955],{"class":95},[44,99103,99],{"class":58},[20,99105,99106],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[981,99108,99110],{"id":99109},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,99112,99113],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[35,99115,99117],{"className":37,"code":99116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,99118,99119,99151,99161],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99120,99121,99123,99125,99127,99129,99131,99133,99135,99137,99139,99141,99143,99145,99147,99149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99122,1551],{"class":50},[44,99124,55],{"class":54},[44,99126,59],{"class":58},[44,99128,1588],{"class":95},[44,99130,83],{"class":58},[44,99132,1717],{"class":95},[44,99134,83],{"class":58},[44,99136,1717],{"class":95},[44,99138,83],{"class":58},[44,99140,2955],{"class":95},[44,99142,83],{"class":58},[44,99144,2955],{"class":95},[44,99146,83],{"class":58},[44,99148,2955],{"class":95},[44,99150,99],{"class":58},[44,99152,99153,99155,99157,99159],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99154,136],{"class":135},[44,99156,120],{"class":58},[44,99158,1579],{"class":116},[44,99160,129],{"class":58},[44,99162,99163,99165,99167,99169,99171,99173],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,99164,136],{"class":135},[44,99166,120],{"class":58},[44,99168,11641],{"class":135},[44,99170,120],{"class":58},[44,99172,1579],{"class":116},[44,99174,2239],{"class":58},[20,99176,99177],{},[590,99178,30254],{},[35,99180,99182],{"className":37,"code":99181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99183,99184,99200],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99185,99186,99188,99190,99192,99194,99196,99198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99187,9770],{"class":58},[44,99189,1588],{"class":95},[44,99191,83],{"class":58},[44,99193,1717],{"class":95},[44,99195,83],{"class":58},[44,99197,2955],{"class":95},[44,99199,99],{"class":58},[44,99201,99202],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99203,46853],{"class":95},[20,99205,21421,99206,976,99208,99210],{},[15,99207,2561],{},[15,99209,2567],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[30,99212,99214,99215],{"id":99213},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99216,4301],{},[20,99218,227,99219,99221],{},[15,99220,4301],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99223,5958],{},[252,99225,99226,99228,99230,99232],{},[255,99227,97332],{},[255,99229,96628],{},[255,99231,56704],{},[255,99233,99234],{},[15,99235,36428],{},[981,99237,99239],{"id":99238},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[35,99241,99243],{"className":37,"code":99242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99244,99245,99279],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99246,99247,99249,99251,99253,99255,99257,99259,99261,99263,99265,99267,99269,99271,99273,99275,99277],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99248,1551],{"class":50},[44,99250,55],{"class":54},[44,99252,16089],{"class":2248},[44,99254,3492],{"class":58},[44,99256,1588],{"class":95},[44,99258,83],{"class":58},[44,99260,1717],{"class":95},[44,99262,83],{"class":58},[44,99264,1717],{"class":95},[44,99266,83],{"class":58},[44,99268,2955],{"class":95},[44,99270,83],{"class":58},[44,99272,2955],{"class":95},[44,99274,83],{"class":58},[44,99276,2961],{"class":95},[44,99278,4391],{"class":58},[44,99280,99281,99283,99285,99287],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99282,136],{"class":135},[44,99284,120],{"class":58},[44,99286,1579],{"class":116},[44,99288,129],{"class":58},[20,99290,99291],{},[590,99292,30254],{},[35,99294,99295],{"className":37,"code":96515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,99296,99297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99298,99299,99301,99303,99305,99307,99309,99311,99313,99315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99300,9770],{"class":58},[44,99302,1588],{"class":95},[44,99304,83],{"class":58},[44,99306,1717],{"class":95},[44,99308,83],{"class":58},[44,99310,2955],{"class":95},[44,99312,83],{"class":58},[44,99314,2961],{"class":95},[44,99316,99],{"class":58},[20,99318,99319,99320,113],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[625,99321,99323],{"href":99322},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[981,99325,99327],{"id":99326},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[35,99329,99331],{"className":37,"code":99330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99332,99333,99359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99334,99335,99337,99339,99341,99343,99345,99347,99349,99351,99353,99355,99357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99336,4327],{"class":50},[44,99338,55],{"class":54},[44,99340,16089],{"class":2248},[44,99342,6011],{"class":58},[44,99344,1559],{"class":95},[44,99346,83],{"class":58},[44,99348,646],{"class":95},[44,99350,83],{"class":58},[44,99352,646],{"class":95},[44,99354,83],{"class":58},[44,99356,1568],{"class":95},[44,99358,2239],{"class":58},[44,99360,99361,99363,99365,99367],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99362,136],{"class":135},[44,99364,120],{"class":58},[44,99366,5860],{"class":116},[44,99368,129],{"class":58},[20,99370,99371],{},[590,99372,30254],{},[35,99374,99376],{"className":37,"code":99375,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99377,99378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99379,99380,99382,99384,99386,99388,99390,99392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99381,9770],{"class":58},[44,99383,1559],{"class":95},[44,99385,83],{"class":58},[44,99387,646],{"class":95},[44,99389,83],{"class":58},[44,99391,1568],{"class":95},[44,99393,99],{"class":58},[981,99395,99397],{"id":99396},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[35,99399,99401],{"className":37,"code":99400,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99402,99403,99421],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99404,99405,99407,99409,99411,99413,99415,99417,99419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99406,36320],{"class":50},[44,99408,55],{"class":54},[44,99410,16089],{"class":2248},[44,99412,120],{"class":58},[44,99414,63],{"class":62},[44,99416,4349],{"class":66},[44,99418,63],{"class":62},[44,99420,129],{"class":58},[44,99422,99423,99425,99427,99429],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99424,136],{"class":135},[44,99426,120],{"class":58},[44,99428,36373],{"class":116},[44,99430,129],{"class":58},[20,99432,99433],{},[590,99434,30254],{},[35,99436,99438],{"className":37,"code":99437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99439,99440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99441,99442,99444,99446,99448,99450,99452,99454,99456,99458,99460,99462,99464,99466,99468,99470,99472,99474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99443,9770],{"class":58},[44,99445,2197],{"class":62},[44,99447,60679],{"class":66},[44,99449,2197],{"class":62},[44,99451,83],{"class":58},[44,99453,2232],{"class":62},[44,99455,60688],{"class":66},[44,99457,2197],{"class":62},[44,99459,83],{"class":58},[44,99461,2232],{"class":62},[44,99463,60697],{"class":66},[44,99465,2197],{"class":62},[44,99467,83],{"class":58},[44,99469,2232],{"class":62},[44,99471,60714],{"class":66},[44,99473,2197],{"class":62},[44,99475,99],{"class":58},[20,99477,99478],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[30,99480,99482],{"id":99481},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99484,99485,99486,113],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99487,4301],{},[35,99489,99491],{"className":37,"code":99490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99492,99493,99503,99513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99494,99495,99497,99499,99501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99496,98535],{"class":50},[44,99498,55],{"class":54},[44,99500,16089],{"class":2248},[44,99502,9138],{"class":58},[44,99504,99505,99507,99509,99511],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99506,136],{"class":135},[44,99508,120],{"class":58},[44,99510,98554],{"class":116},[44,99512,129],{"class":58},[44,99514,99515,99517,99519,99521,99523,99525],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,99516,136],{"class":135},[44,99518,120],{"class":58},[44,99520,2249],{"class":2248},[44,99522,120],{"class":58},[44,99524,98554],{"class":116},[44,99526,2239],{"class":58},[20,99528,99529],{},[590,99530,2576],{},[35,99532,99534],{"className":37,"code":99533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99535,99536,99542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99537,99538,99540],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99539,6788],{"class":2248},[44,99541,9138],{"class":58},[44,99543,99544,99546,99548,99550,99552,99554],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99545,3797],{"class":54},[44,99547,3800],{"class":2570},[44,99549,2232],{"class":62},[44,99551,6788],{"class":66},[44,99553,2197],{"class":62},[44,99555,3809],{"class":54},[981,99557,44664,99559],{"id":99558},"do-not-use",[15,99560,4296],{},[20,99562,99563,99564,99566],{},"Empty braces do ",[590,99565,592],{}," create a set.",[35,99568,99570],{"className":37,"code":99569,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99571,99572,99580,99590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99573,99574,99576,99578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99575,98479],{"class":50},[44,99577,55],{"class":54},[44,99579,10325],{"class":58},[44,99581,99582,99584,99586,99588],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99583,136],{"class":135},[44,99585,120],{"class":58},[44,99587,98496],{"class":116},[44,99589,129],{"class":58},[44,99591,99592,99594,99596,99598,99600,99602],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,99593,136],{"class":135},[44,99595,120],{"class":58},[44,99597,2249],{"class":2248},[44,99599,120],{"class":58},[44,99601,98496],{"class":116},[44,99603,2239],{"class":58},[20,99605,99606],{},[590,99607,2576],{},[35,99609,99611],{"className":37,"code":99610,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99612,99613,99617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99614,99615],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99616,9922],{"class":58},[44,99618,99619,99621,99623,99625,99627,99629],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99620,3797],{"class":54},[44,99622,3800],{"class":2570},[44,99624,2232],{"class":62},[44,99626,9317],{"class":66},[44,99628,2197],{"class":62},[44,99630,3809],{"class":54},[20,99632,99633,9284],{},[15,99634,4296],{},[30,99636,72511],{"id":72510},[20,99638,99639],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99641,99642],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[35,99644,99646],{"className":37,"code":99645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99647,99648,99696,99706],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99649,99650,99652,99654,99656,99658,99660,99662,99664,99666,99668,99670,99672,99674,99676,99678,99680,99682,99684,99686,99688,99690,99692,99694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99651,4573],{"class":50},[44,99653,55],{"class":54},[44,99655,59],{"class":58},[44,99657,63],{"class":62},[44,99659,4582],{"class":66},[44,99661,63],{"class":62},[44,99663,83],{"class":58},[44,99665,75],{"class":62},[44,99667,4591],{"class":66},[44,99669,63],{"class":62},[44,99671,83],{"class":58},[44,99673,75],{"class":62},[44,99675,4582],{"class":66},[44,99677,63],{"class":62},[44,99679,83],{"class":58},[44,99681,75],{"class":62},[44,99683,4582],{"class":66},[44,99685,63],{"class":62},[44,99687,83],{"class":58},[44,99689,75],{"class":62},[44,99691,33447],{"class":66},[44,99693,63],{"class":62},[44,99695,99],{"class":58},[44,99697,99698,99700,99702,99704],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99699,136],{"class":135},[44,99701,120],{"class":58},[44,99703,4617],{"class":116},[44,99705,129],{"class":58},[44,99707,99708,99710,99712,99714,99716,99718],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,99709,136],{"class":135},[44,99711,120],{"class":58},[44,99713,11641],{"class":135},[44,99715,120],{"class":58},[44,99717,4617],{"class":116},[44,99719,2239],{"class":58},[20,99721,99722],{},[590,99723,30254],{},[35,99725,99727],{"className":37,"code":99726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99728,99729,99757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99730,99731,99733,99735,99737,99739,99741,99743,99745,99747,99749,99751,99753,99755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99732,9770],{"class":58},[44,99734,2197],{"class":62},[44,99736,4591],{"class":66},[44,99738,2197],{"class":62},[44,99740,83],{"class":58},[44,99742,2232],{"class":62},[44,99744,33447],{"class":66},[44,99746,2197],{"class":62},[44,99748,83],{"class":58},[44,99750,2232],{"class":62},[44,99752,4582],{"class":66},[44,99754,2197],{"class":62},[44,99756,99],{"class":58},[44,99758,99759],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99760,46853],{"class":95},[20,99762,99763],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[30,99765,99767],{"id":99766},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99769,99770,99771,99773],{},"Set items must be ",[590,99772,96616],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99775,99776],{},"These usually work:",[252,99778,99779,99781,99783,99785],{},[255,99780,56701],{},[255,99782,56704],{},[255,99784,96628],{},[255,99786,40828],{},[35,99788,99790],{"className":37,"code":99789,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99791,99792,99826],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99793,99794,99796,99798,99800,99802,99804,99806,99808,99810,99812,99814,99816,99818,99820,99822,99824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99795,4327],{"class":50},[44,99797,55],{"class":54},[44,99799,59],{"class":58},[44,99801,1588],{"class":95},[44,99803,83],{"class":58},[44,99805,75],{"class":62},[44,99807,4582],{"class":66},[44,99809,63],{"class":62},[44,99811,83],{"class":58},[44,99813,9728],{"class":58},[44,99815,1559],{"class":95},[44,99817,83],{"class":58},[44,99819,646],{"class":95},[44,99821,9725],{"class":58},[44,99823,4418],{"class":1266},[44,99825,99],{"class":58},[44,99827,99828,99830,99832,99834],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99829,136],{"class":135},[44,99831,120],{"class":58},[44,99833,5860],{"class":116},[44,99835,129],{"class":58},[20,99837,99838,99839,99841],{},"These do ",[590,99840,592],{}," work directly:",[252,99843,99844,99846],{},[255,99845,97332],{},[255,99847,97335],{},[35,99849,99851],{"className":37,"code":99850,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99852,99853],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99854,99855,99858,99860,99863,99865,99867,99869,99871,99873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99856,99857],{"class":50},"bad_set ",[44,99859,55],{"class":54},[44,99861,99862],{"class":58}," {[",[44,99864,1588],{"class":95},[44,99866,83],{"class":58},[44,99868,1717],{"class":95},[44,99870,83],{"class":58},[44,99872,2955],{"class":95},[44,99874,14165],{"class":58},[20,99876,99877],{},"This raises an error:",[35,99879,99880],{"className":37,"code":97391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,99881,99882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99883,99884,99886,99888,99890,99892,99894,99896,99898],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99885,3511],{"class":2248},[44,99887,72],{"class":58},[44,99889,97402],{"class":50},[44,99891,2249],{"class":2248},[44,99893,72],{"class":58},[44,99895,2232],{"class":62},[44,99897,8588],{"class":66},[44,99899,29924],{"class":62},[20,99901,52318],{},[35,99903,99905],{"className":37,"code":99904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99906,99907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99908,99909,99911,99913,99916,99918,99920,99922,99924,99926,99928,99930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99910,99857],{"class":50},[44,99912,55],{"class":54},[44,99914,99915],{"class":58}," {{",[44,99917,63],{"class":62},[44,99919,67],{"class":66},[44,99921,63],{"class":62},[44,99923,72],{"class":58},[44,99925,75],{"class":62},[44,99927,8173],{"class":66},[44,99929,63],{"class":62},[44,99931,99932],{"class":58},"}}\n",[20,99934,99935],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[30,99937,99939],{"id":99938},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[981,99941,99943],{"id":99942},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[35,99945,99947],{"className":37,"code":99946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99948,99949,99973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99950,99951,99953,99955,99957,99959,99961,99963,99965,99967,99969,99971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99952,1551],{"class":50},[44,99954,55],{"class":54},[44,99956,59],{"class":58},[44,99958,1588],{"class":95},[44,99960,83],{"class":58},[44,99962,1717],{"class":95},[44,99964,83],{"class":58},[44,99966,2955],{"class":95},[44,99968,83],{"class":58},[44,99970,2961],{"class":95},[44,99972,99],{"class":58},[44,99974,99975,99977,99979,99981],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99976,136],{"class":135},[44,99978,120],{"class":58},[44,99980,1579],{"class":116},[44,99982,129],{"class":58},[981,99984,99986],{"id":99985},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[35,99988,99990],{"className":37,"code":99989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99991,99992,100020,100035,100039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99993,99994,99996,99998,100000,100002,100004,100006,100008,100010,100012,100014,100016,100018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99995,8276],{"class":50},[44,99997,55],{"class":54},[44,99999,1556],{"class":58},[44,100001,1588],{"class":95},[44,100003,83],{"class":58},[44,100005,1703],{"class":95},[44,100007,83],{"class":58},[44,100009,1717],{"class":95},[44,100011,83],{"class":58},[44,100013,2955],{"class":95},[44,100015,83],{"class":58},[44,100017,2955],{"class":95},[44,100019,1153],{"class":58},[44,100021,100022,100025,100027,100029,100031,100033],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100023,100024],{"class":50},"unique_items ",[44,100026,55],{"class":54},[44,100028,16089],{"class":2248},[44,100030,120],{"class":58},[44,100032,8305],{"class":116},[44,100034,129],{"class":58},[44,100036,100037],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,100038,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,100040,100041,100043,100045,100048],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,100042,136],{"class":135},[44,100044,120],{"class":58},[44,100046,100047],{"class":116},"unique_items",[44,100049,129],{"class":58},[981,100051,99397],{"id":100052},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[35,100054,100056],{"className":37,"code":100055,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,100057,100058,100076],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100059,100060,100062,100064,100066,100068,100070,100072,100074],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100061,36320],{"class":50},[44,100063,55],{"class":54},[44,100065,16089],{"class":2248},[44,100067,120],{"class":58},[44,100069,63],{"class":62},[44,100071,4591],{"class":66},[44,100073,63],{"class":62},[44,100075,129],{"class":58},[44,100077,100078,100080,100082,100084],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100079,136],{"class":135},[44,100081,120],{"class":58},[44,100083,36373],{"class":116},[44,100085,129],{"class":58},[981,100087,100089],{"id":100088},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[35,100091,100093],{"className":37,"code":100092,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,100094,100095,100105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100096,100097,100099,100101,100103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100098,98535],{"class":50},[44,100100,55],{"class":54},[44,100102,16089],{"class":2248},[44,100104,9138],{"class":58},[44,100106,100107,100109,100111,100113],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100108,136],{"class":135},[44,100110,120],{"class":58},[44,100112,98554],{"class":116},[44,100114,129],{"class":58},[30,100116,3335],{"id":3334},[20,100118,100119],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[981,100121,1785,100123,100125],{"id":100122},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,100124,4296],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,100127,100128],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[35,100130,100132],{"className":37,"code":100131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,100133,100134,100142],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100135,100136,100138,100140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100137,1244],{"class":50},[44,100139,55],{"class":54},[44,100141,10325],{"class":58},[44,100143,100144,100146,100148,100150,100152,100154],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100145,136],{"class":135},[44,100147,120],{"class":58},[44,100149,2249],{"class":2248},[44,100151,120],{"class":58},[44,100153,1282],{"class":116},[44,100155,2239],{"class":58},[20,100157,100158],{},"This prints:",[35,100160,100161],{"className":37,"code":9304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,100162,100163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100164,100165,100167,100169,100171,100173,100175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100166,3797],{"class":54},[44,100168,3800],{"class":2570},[44,100170,2232],{"class":62},[44,100172,9317],{"class":66},[44,100174,2197],{"class":62},[44,100176,3809],{"class":54},[20,100178,227,100179,765],{},[15,100180,4301],{},[981,100182,100184],{"id":100183},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,100186,100187],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[35,100189,100191],{"className":37,"code":100190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100192,100193,100221],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100194,100195,100197,100199,100201,100203,100205,100207,100209,100211,100213,100215,100217,100219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100196,1551],{"class":50},[44,100198,55],{"class":54},[44,100200,59],{"class":58},[44,100202,1588],{"class":95},[44,100204,83],{"class":58},[44,100206,1703],{"class":95},[44,100208,83],{"class":58},[44,100210,1717],{"class":95},[44,100212,83],{"class":58},[44,100214,1717],{"class":95},[44,100216,83],{"class":58},[44,100218,2955],{"class":95},[44,100220,99],{"class":58},[44,100222,100223,100225,100227,100229],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100224,136],{"class":135},[44,100226,120],{"class":58},[44,100228,1579],{"class":116},[44,100230,129],{"class":58},[20,100232,100233],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[981,100235,100237],{"id":100236},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100239,100240],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100242,100243],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[35,100245,100247],{"className":37,"code":100246,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100248,100249,100269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100250,100251,100253,100255,100257,100259,100261,100263,100265,100267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100252,1551],{"class":50},[44,100254,55],{"class":54},[44,100256,59],{"class":58},[44,100258,1559],{"class":95},[44,100260,83],{"class":58},[44,100262,646],{"class":95},[44,100264,83],{"class":58},[44,100266,1568],{"class":95},[44,100268,99],{"class":58},[44,100270,100271],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100272,100273],{"class":147},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100275,100276],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[981,100278,100280],{"id":100279},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100282,100283],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[35,100285,100287],{"className":37,"code":100286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100288,100289,100294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100290,100291],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100292,100293],{"class":147},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[44,100295,100296],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100297,100298],{"class":147},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100300,100301,100302,113],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100303,3511],{},[981,100305,100307],{"id":100306},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100309,100310],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[35,100312,100314],{"className":37,"code":100313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100315,100316,100336,100368,100372,100386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100317,100318,100320,100322,100324,100326,100328,100330,100332,100334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100319,16084],{"class":50},[44,100321,55],{"class":54},[44,100323,59],{"class":58},[44,100325,1588],{"class":95},[44,100327,83],{"class":58},[44,100329,1717],{"class":95},[44,100331,83],{"class":58},[44,100333,2955],{"class":95},[44,100335,99],{"class":58},[44,100337,100338,100340,100342,100344,100346,100348,100350,100352,100354,100356,100358,100360,100362,100364,100366],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100339,1214],{"class":50},[44,100341,55],{"class":54},[44,100343,59],{"class":58},[44,100345,63],{"class":62},[44,100347,625],{"class":66},[44,100349,63],{"class":62},[44,100351,72],{"class":58},[44,100353,1703],{"class":95},[44,100355,83],{"class":58},[44,100357,75],{"class":62},[44,100359,639],{"class":66},[44,100361,63],{"class":62},[44,100363,72],{"class":58},[44,100365,1717],{"class":95},[44,100367,99],{"class":58},[44,100369,100370],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,100371,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,100373,100374,100376,100378,100380,100382,100384],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,100375,136],{"class":135},[44,100377,120],{"class":58},[44,100379,2249],{"class":2248},[44,100381,120],{"class":58},[44,100383,16122],{"class":116},[44,100385,2239],{"class":58},[44,100387,100388,100390,100392,100394,100396,100398],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,100389,136],{"class":135},[44,100391,120],{"class":58},[44,100393,2249],{"class":2248},[44,100395,120],{"class":58},[44,100397,405],{"class":116},[44,100399,2239],{"class":58},[30,100401,93028],{"id":93027},[20,100403,100404],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[35,100406,100408],{"className":37,"code":100407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100409,100410,100436,100440,100454,100464,100478,100485],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100411,100412,100414,100416,100418,100420,100422,100424,100426,100428,100430,100432,100434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100413,16084],{"class":50},[44,100415,55],{"class":54},[44,100417,16089],{"class":2248},[44,100419,3492],{"class":58},[44,100421,1588],{"class":95},[44,100423,83],{"class":58},[44,100425,1717],{"class":95},[44,100427,83],{"class":58},[44,100429,1717],{"class":95},[44,100431,83],{"class":58},[44,100433,2955],{"class":95},[44,100435,4391],{"class":58},[44,100437,100438],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100439,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,100441,100442,100444,100446,100448,100450,100452],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,100443,136],{"class":135},[44,100445,120],{"class":58},[44,100447,2249],{"class":2248},[44,100449,120],{"class":58},[44,100451,16122],{"class":116},[44,100453,2239],{"class":58},[44,100455,100456,100458,100460,100462],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,100457,136],{"class":135},[44,100459,120],{"class":58},[44,100461,16122],{"class":116},[44,100463,129],{"class":58},[44,100465,100466,100468,100470,100472,100474,100476],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,100467,136],{"class":135},[44,100469,120],{"class":58},[44,100471,11641],{"class":135},[44,100473,120],{"class":58},[44,100475,16122],{"class":116},[44,100477,2239],{"class":58},[44,100479,100480,100482],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,100481,136],{"class":135},[44,100483,100484],{"class":58},"({})\n",[44,100486,100487,100489,100491,100493],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,100488,136],{"class":135},[44,100490,120],{"class":58},[44,100492,6788],{"class":2248},[44,100494,2188],{"class":58},[20,100496,100497],{},"Use these to confirm:",[252,100499,100500,100503,100506,100509],{},[255,100501,100502],{},"The object type",[255,100504,100505],{},"The actual values stored",[255,100507,100508],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[255,100510,100511,100512,976,100514],{},"The difference between ",[15,100513,4296],{},[15,100515,4301],{},[30,100517,2301],{"id":2300},[981,100519,100521],{"id":100520},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100523,100524,100525,100528,100529,100531],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100526,100527],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100530,4301],{}," with another iterable.",[981,100533,100535],{"id":100534},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100537,227,100538,100540,100541,100543],{},[15,100539,4301],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100542,4296],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[981,100545,100547],{"id":100546},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100549,100550],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[981,100552,100554],{"id":100553},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100556,100557],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[981,100559,100561],{"id":100560},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100563,100564],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[30,100566,2375],{"id":2374},[252,100568,100569,100573,100579,100585,100590],{},[255,100570,100571],{},[625,100572,96573],{"href":97744},[255,100574,100575],{},[625,100576,4083,100577,11221],{"href":98745},[15,100578,96453],{},[255,100580,100581],{},[625,100582,4083,100583,11221],{"href":98764},[15,100584,97559],{},[255,100586,100587],{},[625,100588,100589],{"href":99322},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[255,100591,100592],{},[625,100593,100594],{"href":99036},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100596,100597],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2414,100599,100600],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":100602},[100603,100604,100605,100606,100609,100615,100619,100620,100621,100627,100635,100636,100643],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":15618,"depth":102,"text":15619},{"id":99008,"depth":102,"text":99009},{"id":99040,"depth":102,"text":99041,"children":100607},[100608],{"id":99109,"depth":132,"text":99110},{"id":99213,"depth":102,"text":100610,"children":100611},"Create a set with set()",[100612,100613,100614],{"id":99238,"depth":132,"text":99239},{"id":99326,"depth":132,"text":99327},{"id":99396,"depth":132,"text":99397},{"id":99481,"depth":102,"text":99482,"children":100616},[100617],{"id":99558,"depth":132,"text":100618},"Do not use {}",{"id":72510,"depth":102,"text":72511},{"id":99766,"depth":102,"text":99767},{"id":99938,"depth":102,"text":99939,"children":100622},[100623,100624,100625,100626],{"id":99942,"depth":132,"text":99943},{"id":99985,"depth":132,"text":99986},{"id":100052,"depth":132,"text":99397},{"id":100088,"depth":132,"text":100089},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":100628},[100629,100631,100632,100633,100634],{"id":100122,"depth":132,"text":100630},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100183,"depth":132,"text":100184},{"id":100236,"depth":132,"text":100237},{"id":100279,"depth":132,"text":100280},{"id":100306,"depth":132,"text":100307},{"id":93027,"depth":102,"text":93028},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":100637},[100638,100639,100640,100641,100642],{"id":100520,"depth":132,"text":100521},{"id":100534,"depth":132,"text":100535},{"id":100546,"depth":132,"text":100547},{"id":100553,"depth":132,"text":100554},{"id":100560,"depth":132,"text":100561},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98811,"description":100644},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100650,"title":100651,"body":100652,"description":103083,"extension":2465,"meta":103084,"navigation":169,"path":103085,"seo":103086,"stem":103087,"__hash__":103088},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100653,"toc":103048},[100654,100660,100666,100669,100671,100748,100750,100767,100777,100779,100784,100792,100794,100810,100814,100816,100818,100821,100842,100845,100869,100875,100877,100974,100976,100993,101003,101005,101007,101015,101017,101028,101030,101121,101123,101147,101158,101160,101162,101165,101295,101297,101370,101372,101393,101396,101398,101404,101409,101412,101539,101541,101558,101561,101563,101571,101574,101578,101586,101677,101679,101716,101721,101728,101805,101807,101823,101828,101833,101835,101844,101852,101933,101935,101964,101967,101971,101982,101985,102068,102070,102091,102097,102099,102101,102105,102109,102116,102181,102183,102203,102206,102275,102277,102293,102297,102303,102315,102323,102325,102410,102412,102441,102444,102448,102453,102455,102505,102508,102589,102591,102607,102611,102614,102689,102692,102696,102699,102776,102778,102811,102817,102821,102824,102959,102961,102975,102977,102979,102985,102988,102995,103003,103009,103012,103016,103019,103021,103023,103045],[10,100655,96445,100657,18],{"id":100656},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100658,100659],{},"difference()",[20,100661,100662,100665],{},[15,100663,100664],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100667,100668],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[30,100670,33],{"id":32},[35,100672,100674],{"className":37,"code":100673,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100675,100676,100700,100720,100738],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100677,100678,100680,100682,100684,100686,100688,100690,100692,100694,100696,100698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100679,3058],{"class":50},[44,100681,55],{"class":54},[44,100683,59],{"class":58},[44,100685,1588],{"class":95},[44,100687,83],{"class":58},[44,100689,1717],{"class":95},[44,100691,83],{"class":58},[44,100693,2955],{"class":95},[44,100695,83],{"class":58},[44,100697,2961],{"class":95},[44,100699,99],{"class":58},[44,100701,100702,100704,100706,100708,100710,100712,100714,100716,100718],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100703,3086],{"class":50},[44,100705,55],{"class":54},[44,100707,59],{"class":58},[44,100709,2567],{"class":95},[44,100711,83],{"class":58},[44,100713,2961],{"class":95},[44,100715,83],{"class":58},[44,100717,5108],{"class":95},[44,100719,99],{"class":58},[44,100721,100722,100724,100726,100728,100730,100732,100734,100736],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,100723,1953],{"class":50},[44,100725,55],{"class":54},[44,100727,57127],{"class":50},[44,100729,113],{"class":58},[44,100731,3316],{"class":116},[44,100733,120],{"class":58},[44,100735,639],{"class":116},[44,100737,129],{"class":58},[44,100739,100740,100742,100744,100746],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,100741,136],{"class":135},[44,100743,120],{"class":58},[44,100745,1984],{"class":116},[44,100747,129],{"class":58},[20,100749,2576],{},[35,100751,100753],{"className":37,"code":100752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100754,100755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100756,100757,100759,100761,100763,100765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100758,9770],{"class":58},[44,100760,1588],{"class":95},[44,100762,83],{"class":58},[44,100764,1717],{"class":95},[44,100766,99],{"class":58},[20,100768,100769,100771,100772,100774,100775,113],{},[15,100770,100659],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100773,625],{}," that are not in ",[15,100776,639],{},[45152,100778],{},[30,100780,243,100782,246],{"id":100781},"what-difference-does",[15,100783,100659],{},[20,100785,2482,100786,100788,100789,100791],{},[15,100787,100659],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[590,100790,592],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100793,13515],{},[252,100795,100796,100801,100804,100807],{},[255,100797,100798,100800],{},[15,100799,100659],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[255,100802,100803],{},"It creates a new set",[255,100805,100806],{},"It does not change the original set",[255,100808,100809],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100811,96569,100812,113],{},[625,100813,96573],{"href":97744},[45152,100815],{},[30,100817,392],{"id":391},[20,100819,100820],{},"Use this form:",[35,100822,100824],{"className":37,"code":100823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100825,100826],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100827,100828,100831,100833,100835,100837,100840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100829,100830],{"class":50},"set1",[44,100832,113],{"class":58},[44,100834,3316],{"class":116},[44,100836,120],{"class":58},[44,100838,100839],{"class":116},"set2",[44,100841,129],{"class":58},[20,100843,100844],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[35,100846,100848],{"className":37,"code":100847,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100849,100850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100851,100852,100854,100856,100858,100860,100862,100864,100867],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100853,100830],{"class":50},[44,100855,113],{"class":58},[44,100857,3316],{"class":116},[44,100859,120],{"class":58},[44,100861,100839],{"class":116},[44,100863,83],{"class":58},[44,100865,100866],{"class":116}," set3",[44,100868,129],{"class":58},[20,100870,100871,100872,100874],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[590,100873,5855],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100876,269],{},[35,100878,100880],{"className":37,"code":100879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100881,100882,100910,100926,100938,100942,100964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100883,100884,100886,100888,100890,100892,100894,100896,100898,100900,100902,100904,100906,100908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100885,3058],{"class":50},[44,100887,55],{"class":54},[44,100889,59],{"class":58},[44,100891,1588],{"class":95},[44,100893,83],{"class":58},[44,100895,1717],{"class":95},[44,100897,83],{"class":58},[44,100899,2955],{"class":95},[44,100901,83],{"class":58},[44,100903,2961],{"class":95},[44,100905,83],{"class":58},[44,100907,5108],{"class":95},[44,100909,99],{"class":58},[44,100911,100912,100914,100916,100918,100920,100922,100924],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100913,3086],{"class":50},[44,100915,55],{"class":54},[44,100917,59],{"class":58},[44,100919,2561],{"class":95},[44,100921,83],{"class":58},[44,100923,2955],{"class":95},[44,100925,99],{"class":58},[44,100927,100928,100930,100932,100934,100936],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,100929,83428],{"class":50},[44,100931,55],{"class":54},[44,100933,59],{"class":58},[44,100935,2643],{"class":95},[44,100937,99],{"class":58},[44,100939,100940],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,100941,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,100943,100944,100946,100948,100950,100952,100954,100956,100958,100960,100962],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,100945,1953],{"class":50},[44,100947,55],{"class":54},[44,100949,57127],{"class":50},[44,100951,113],{"class":58},[44,100953,3316],{"class":116},[44,100955,120],{"class":58},[44,100957,639],{"class":116},[44,100959,83],{"class":58},[44,100961,10169],{"class":116},[44,100963,129],{"class":58},[44,100965,100966,100968,100970,100972],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,100967,136],{"class":135},[44,100969,120],{"class":58},[44,100971,1984],{"class":116},[44,100973,129],{"class":58},[20,100975,2576],{},[35,100977,100979],{"className":37,"code":100978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100980,100981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100982,100983,100985,100987,100989,100991],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100984,9770],{"class":58},[44,100986,1588],{"class":95},[44,100988,83],{"class":58},[44,100990,2961],{"class":95},[44,100992,99],{"class":58},[20,100994,100995,100996,100998,100999,3384,101001,113],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100997,625],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,101000,639],{},[15,101002,696],{},[45152,101004],{},[30,101006,583],{"id":582},[20,101008,101009,101011,101012,113],{},[15,101010,100659],{}," always returns a ",[590,101013,101014],{},"new set",[20,101016,43885],{},[252,101018,101019,101022,101025],{},[255,101020,101021],{},"The return value is a new set",[255,101023,101024],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[255,101026,101027],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,101029,269],{},[35,101031,101033],{"className":37,"code":101032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,101034,101035,101051,101071,101075,101093,101097,101107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101036,101037,101039,101041,101043,101045,101047,101049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101038,3058],{"class":50},[44,101040,55],{"class":54},[44,101042,59],{"class":58},[44,101044,1588],{"class":95},[44,101046,83],{"class":58},[44,101048,1717],{"class":95},[44,101050,99],{"class":58},[44,101052,101053,101055,101057,101059,101061,101063,101065,101067,101069],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101054,3086],{"class":50},[44,101056,55],{"class":54},[44,101058,59],{"class":58},[44,101060,1588],{"class":95},[44,101062,83],{"class":58},[44,101064,1717],{"class":95},[44,101066,83],{"class":58},[44,101068,2955],{"class":95},[44,101070,99],{"class":58},[44,101072,101073],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,101074,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,101076,101077,101079,101081,101083,101085,101087,101089,101091],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,101078,1953],{"class":50},[44,101080,55],{"class":54},[44,101082,57127],{"class":50},[44,101084,113],{"class":58},[44,101086,3316],{"class":116},[44,101088,120],{"class":58},[44,101090,639],{"class":116},[44,101092,129],{"class":58},[44,101094,101095],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,101096,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,101098,101099,101101,101103,101105],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,101100,136],{"class":135},[44,101102,120],{"class":58},[44,101104,1984],{"class":116},[44,101106,129],{"class":58},[44,101108,101109,101111,101113,101115,101117,101119],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,101110,136],{"class":135},[44,101112,120],{"class":58},[44,101114,2249],{"class":2248},[44,101116,120],{"class":58},[44,101118,1984],{"class":116},[44,101120,2239],{"class":58},[20,101122,2576],{},[35,101124,101125],{"className":37,"code":99533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101126,101127,101133],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101128,101129,101131],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101130,6788],{"class":2248},[44,101132,9138],{"class":58},[44,101134,101135,101137,101139,101141,101143,101145],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101136,3797],{"class":54},[44,101138,3800],{"class":2570},[44,101140,2232],{"class":62},[44,101142,6788],{"class":66},[44,101144,2197],{"class":62},[44,101146,3809],{"class":54},[20,101148,101149,101150,19413,101152,101154,101155,101157],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,101151,4301],{},[15,101153,4296],{},". In Python, ",[15,101156,4296],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45152,101159],{},[30,101161,11952],{"id":11951},[20,101163,101164],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[35,101166,101168],{"className":37,"code":101167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,101169,101170,101203,101236,101240,101260,101264,101274,101285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101171,101172,101175,101177,101179,101181,101183,101185,101187,101189,101191,101193,101195,101197,101199,101201],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101173,101174],{"class":50},"fruits_a ",[44,101176,55],{"class":54},[44,101178,59],{"class":58},[44,101180,63],{"class":62},[44,101182,4582],{"class":66},[44,101184,63],{"class":62},[44,101186,83],{"class":58},[44,101188,75],{"class":62},[44,101190,4591],{"class":66},[44,101192,63],{"class":62},[44,101194,83],{"class":58},[44,101196,75],{"class":62},[44,101198,33447],{"class":66},[44,101200,63],{"class":62},[44,101202,99],{"class":58},[44,101204,101205,101208,101210,101212,101214,101216,101218,101220,101222,101224,101226,101228,101230,101232,101234],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101206,101207],{"class":50},"fruits_b ",[44,101209,55],{"class":54},[44,101211,59],{"class":58},[44,101213,63],{"class":62},[44,101215,4591],{"class":66},[44,101217,63],{"class":62},[44,101219,83],{"class":58},[44,101221,75],{"class":62},[44,101223,33447],{"class":66},[44,101225,63],{"class":62},[44,101227,83],{"class":58},[44,101229,75],{"class":62},[44,101231,22971],{"class":66},[44,101233,63],{"class":62},[44,101235,99],{"class":58},[44,101237,101238],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,101239,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,101241,101242,101244,101246,101249,101251,101253,101255,101258],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,101243,1953],{"class":50},[44,101245,55],{"class":54},[44,101247,101248],{"class":50}," fruits_a",[44,101250,113],{"class":58},[44,101252,3316],{"class":116},[44,101254,120],{"class":58},[44,101256,101257],{"class":116},"fruits_b",[44,101259,129],{"class":58},[44,101261,101262],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,101263,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,101265,101266,101268,101270,101272],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,101267,136],{"class":135},[44,101269,120],{"class":58},[44,101271,1984],{"class":116},[44,101273,129],{"class":58},[44,101275,101276,101278,101280,101283],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,101277,136],{"class":135},[44,101279,120],{"class":58},[44,101281,101282],{"class":116},"fruits_a",[44,101284,129],{"class":58},[44,101286,101287,101289,101291,101293],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,101288,136],{"class":135},[44,101290,120],{"class":58},[44,101292,101257],{"class":116},[44,101294,129],{"class":58},[20,101296,30254],{},[35,101298,101300],{"className":37,"code":101299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101301,101302,101314,101342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101303,101304,101306,101308,101310,101312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101305,9770],{"class":58},[44,101307,2197],{"class":62},[44,101309,4582],{"class":66},[44,101311,2197],{"class":62},[44,101313,99],{"class":58},[44,101315,101316,101318,101320,101322,101324,101326,101328,101330,101332,101334,101336,101338,101340],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101317,9770],{"class":58},[44,101319,2197],{"class":62},[44,101321,4591],{"class":66},[44,101323,2197],{"class":62},[44,101325,83],{"class":58},[44,101327,2232],{"class":62},[44,101329,33447],{"class":66},[44,101331,2197],{"class":62},[44,101333,83],{"class":58},[44,101335,2232],{"class":62},[44,101337,4582],{"class":66},[44,101339,2197],{"class":62},[44,101341,99],{"class":58},[44,101343,101344,101346,101348,101350,101352,101354,101356,101358,101360,101362,101364,101366,101368],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,101345,9770],{"class":58},[44,101347,2197],{"class":62},[44,101349,4591],{"class":66},[44,101351,2197],{"class":62},[44,101353,83],{"class":58},[44,101355,2232],{"class":62},[44,101357,33447],{"class":66},[44,101359,2197],{"class":62},[44,101361,83],{"class":58},[44,101363,2232],{"class":62},[44,101365,22971],{"class":66},[44,101367,2197],{"class":62},[44,101369,99],{"class":58},[20,101371,12158],{},[252,101373,101374,101379,101384,101390],{},[255,101375,101376,101377],{},"Start with ",[15,101378,101282],{},[255,101380,101381,101382],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101383,101257],{},[255,101385,101386,101387,101389],{},"Only ",[15,101388,58073],{}," remains",[255,101391,101392],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101394,101395],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45152,101397],{},[30,101399,1785,101401,101403],{"id":101400},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101402,100659],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101405,101406,101407,113],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101408,100659],{},[20,101410,101411],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[35,101413,101415],{"className":37,"code":101414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101416,101417,101449,101466,101479,101496,101500,101529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101418,101419,101421,101423,101425,101427,101429,101431,101433,101435,101437,101439,101441,101443,101445,101447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101420,1551],{"class":50},[44,101422,55],{"class":54},[44,101424,59],{"class":58},[44,101426,1588],{"class":95},[44,101428,83],{"class":58},[44,101430,1717],{"class":95},[44,101432,83],{"class":58},[44,101434,2955],{"class":95},[44,101436,83],{"class":58},[44,101438,2961],{"class":95},[44,101440,83],{"class":58},[44,101442,5108],{"class":95},[44,101444,83],{"class":58},[44,101446,37875],{"class":95},[44,101448,99],{"class":58},[44,101450,101451,101454,101456,101458,101460,101462,101464],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101452,101453],{"class":50},"group_a ",[44,101455,55],{"class":54},[44,101457,59],{"class":58},[44,101459,2561],{"class":95},[44,101461,83],{"class":58},[44,101463,2961],{"class":95},[44,101465,99],{"class":58},[44,101467,101468,101471,101473,101475,101477],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,101469,101470],{"class":50},"group_b ",[44,101472,55],{"class":54},[44,101474,59],{"class":58},[44,101476,2643],{"class":95},[44,101478,99],{"class":58},[44,101480,101481,101484,101486,101488,101490,101492,101494],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,101482,101483],{"class":50},"group_c ",[44,101485,55],{"class":54},[44,101487,59],{"class":58},[44,101489,80836],{"class":95},[44,101491,83],{"class":58},[44,101493,6495],{"class":95},[44,101495,99],{"class":58},[44,101497,101498],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,101499,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,101501,101502,101504,101506,101508,101510,101512,101514,101517,101519,101522,101524,101527],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,101503,1953],{"class":50},[44,101505,55],{"class":54},[44,101507,4767],{"class":50},[44,101509,113],{"class":58},[44,101511,3316],{"class":116},[44,101513,120],{"class":58},[44,101515,101516],{"class":116},"group_a",[44,101518,83],{"class":58},[44,101520,101521],{"class":116}," group_b",[44,101523,83],{"class":58},[44,101525,101526],{"class":116}," group_c",[44,101528,129],{"class":58},[44,101530,101531,101533,101535,101537],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,101532,136],{"class":135},[44,101534,120],{"class":58},[44,101536,1984],{"class":116},[44,101538,129],{"class":58},[20,101540,2576],{},[35,101542,101544],{"className":37,"code":101543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101545,101546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101547,101548,101550,101552,101554,101556],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101549,9770],{"class":58},[44,101551,1588],{"class":95},[44,101553,83],{"class":58},[44,101555,2955],{"class":95},[44,101557,99],{"class":58},[20,101559,101560],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45152,101562],{},[30,101564,101566,967,101568],{"id":101565},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101567,100659],{},[15,101569,101570],{},"difference_update()",[20,101572,101573],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[981,101575,101576],{"id":3316},[15,101577,100659],{},[252,101579,101580,101583],{},[255,101581,101582],{},"Returns a new set",[255,101584,101585],{},"Does not change the original set",[35,101587,101589],{"className":37,"code":101588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101590,101591,101615,101631,101635,101653,101657,101667],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101592,101593,101595,101597,101599,101601,101603,101605,101607,101609,101611,101613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101594,3058],{"class":50},[44,101596,55],{"class":54},[44,101598,59],{"class":58},[44,101600,1588],{"class":95},[44,101602,83],{"class":58},[44,101604,1717],{"class":95},[44,101606,83],{"class":58},[44,101608,2955],{"class":95},[44,101610,83],{"class":58},[44,101612,2961],{"class":95},[44,101614,99],{"class":58},[44,101616,101617,101619,101621,101623,101625,101627,101629],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101618,3086],{"class":50},[44,101620,55],{"class":54},[44,101622,59],{"class":58},[44,101624,2567],{"class":95},[44,101626,83],{"class":58},[44,101628,2961],{"class":95},[44,101630,99],{"class":58},[44,101632,101633],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,101634,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,101636,101637,101639,101641,101643,101645,101647,101649,101651],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,101638,1953],{"class":50},[44,101640,55],{"class":54},[44,101642,57127],{"class":50},[44,101644,113],{"class":58},[44,101646,3316],{"class":116},[44,101648,120],{"class":58},[44,101650,639],{"class":116},[44,101652,129],{"class":58},[44,101654,101655],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,101656,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,101658,101659,101661,101663,101665],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,101660,136],{"class":135},[44,101662,120],{"class":58},[44,101664,1984],{"class":116},[44,101666,129],{"class":58},[44,101668,101669,101671,101673,101675],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,101670,136],{"class":135},[44,101672,120],{"class":58},[44,101674,625],{"class":116},[44,101676,129],{"class":58},[20,101678,2576],{},[35,101680,101682],{"className":37,"code":101681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101683,101684,101696],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101685,101686,101688,101690,101692,101694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101687,9770],{"class":58},[44,101689,1588],{"class":95},[44,101691,83],{"class":58},[44,101693,1717],{"class":95},[44,101695,99],{"class":58},[44,101697,101698,101700,101702,101704,101706,101708,101710,101712,101714],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101699,9770],{"class":58},[44,101701,1588],{"class":95},[44,101703,83],{"class":58},[44,101705,1717],{"class":95},[44,101707,83],{"class":58},[44,101709,2955],{"class":95},[44,101711,83],{"class":58},[44,101713,2961],{"class":95},[44,101715,99],{"class":58},[981,101717,101719],{"id":101718},"difference_update",[15,101720,101570],{},[252,101722,101723,101726],{},[255,101724,101725],{},"Changes the original set",[255,101727,96563],{},[35,101729,101731],{"className":37,"code":101730,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101732,101733,101757,101773,101777,101791,101795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101734,101735,101737,101739,101741,101743,101745,101747,101749,101751,101753,101755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101736,3058],{"class":50},[44,101738,55],{"class":54},[44,101740,59],{"class":58},[44,101742,1588],{"class":95},[44,101744,83],{"class":58},[44,101746,1717],{"class":95},[44,101748,83],{"class":58},[44,101750,2955],{"class":95},[44,101752,83],{"class":58},[44,101754,2961],{"class":95},[44,101756,99],{"class":58},[44,101758,101759,101761,101763,101765,101767,101769,101771],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101760,3086],{"class":50},[44,101762,55],{"class":54},[44,101764,59],{"class":58},[44,101766,2567],{"class":95},[44,101768,83],{"class":58},[44,101770,2961],{"class":95},[44,101772,99],{"class":58},[44,101774,101775],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,101776,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,101778,101779,101781,101783,101785,101787,101789],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,101780,625],{"class":50},[44,101782,113],{"class":58},[44,101784,101718],{"class":116},[44,101786,120],{"class":58},[44,101788,639],{"class":116},[44,101790,129],{"class":58},[44,101792,101793],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,101794,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,101796,101797,101799,101801,101803],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,101798,136],{"class":135},[44,101800,120],{"class":58},[44,101802,625],{"class":116},[44,101804,129],{"class":58},[20,101806,2576],{},[35,101808,101809],{"className":37,"code":100752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101810,101811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101812,101813,101815,101817,101819,101821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101814,9770],{"class":58},[44,101816,1588],{"class":95},[44,101818,83],{"class":58},[44,101820,1717],{"class":95},[44,101822,99],{"class":58},[20,101824,227,101825,101827],{},[15,101826,100659],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101829,101830,101831,33827],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101832,101570],{},[45152,101834],{},[30,101836,101838,101840,101841,101843],{"id":101837},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101839,100659],{}," vs the ",[15,101842,2526],{}," operator",[20,101845,2482,101846,101848,101849,101851],{},[15,101847,2526],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101850,100659],{}," for two sets.",[35,101853,101855],{"className":37,"code":101854,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101856,101857,101881,101897,101901,101919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101858,101859,101861,101863,101865,101867,101869,101871,101873,101875,101877,101879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101860,3058],{"class":50},[44,101862,55],{"class":54},[44,101864,59],{"class":58},[44,101866,1588],{"class":95},[44,101868,83],{"class":58},[44,101870,1717],{"class":95},[44,101872,83],{"class":58},[44,101874,2955],{"class":95},[44,101876,83],{"class":58},[44,101878,2961],{"class":95},[44,101880,99],{"class":58},[44,101882,101883,101885,101887,101889,101891,101893,101895],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101884,3086],{"class":50},[44,101886,55],{"class":54},[44,101888,59],{"class":58},[44,101890,2567],{"class":95},[44,101892,83],{"class":58},[44,101894,2961],{"class":95},[44,101896,99],{"class":58},[44,101898,101899],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,101900,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,101902,101903,101905,101907,101909,101911,101913,101915,101917],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,101904,136],{"class":135},[44,101906,120],{"class":58},[44,101908,625],{"class":116},[44,101910,113],{"class":58},[44,101912,3316],{"class":116},[44,101914,120],{"class":58},[44,101916,639],{"class":116},[44,101918,2239],{"class":58},[44,101920,101921,101923,101925,101927,101929,101931],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,101922,136],{"class":135},[44,101924,120],{"class":58},[44,101926,3058],{"class":116},[44,101928,2526],{"class":54},[44,101930,3063],{"class":116},[44,101932,129],{"class":58},[20,101934,2576],{},[35,101936,101938],{"className":37,"code":101937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101939,101940,101952],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101941,101942,101944,101946,101948,101950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101943,9770],{"class":58},[44,101945,1588],{"class":95},[44,101947,83],{"class":58},[44,101949,1717],{"class":95},[44,101951,99],{"class":58},[44,101953,101954,101956,101958,101960,101962],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101955,9770],{"class":58},[44,101957,1588],{"class":95},[44,101959,83],{"class":58},[44,101961,1717],{"class":95},[44,101963,99],{"class":58},[20,101965,101966],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101968,94833,101969,2363],{},[15,101970,100659],{},[252,101972,101973,101976,101979],{},[255,101974,101975],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[255,101977,101978],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[255,101980,101981],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101983,101984],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[35,101986,101988],{"className":37,"code":101987,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101989,101990,102018,102030,102042,102046],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101991,101992,101994,101996,101998,102000,102002,102004,102006,102008,102010,102012,102014,102016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101993,3058],{"class":50},[44,101995,55],{"class":54},[44,101997,59],{"class":58},[44,101999,1588],{"class":95},[44,102001,83],{"class":58},[44,102003,1717],{"class":95},[44,102005,83],{"class":58},[44,102007,2955],{"class":95},[44,102009,83],{"class":58},[44,102011,2961],{"class":95},[44,102013,83],{"class":58},[44,102015,5108],{"class":95},[44,102017,99],{"class":58},[44,102019,102020,102022,102024,102026,102028],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102021,3086],{"class":50},[44,102023,55],{"class":54},[44,102025,59],{"class":58},[44,102027,2561],{"class":95},[44,102029,99],{"class":58},[44,102031,102032,102034,102036,102038,102040],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,102033,83428],{"class":50},[44,102035,55],{"class":54},[44,102037,59],{"class":58},[44,102039,3008],{"class":95},[44,102041,99],{"class":58},[44,102043,102044],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,102045,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,102047,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056,102058,102060,102062,102064,102066],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,102049,136],{"class":135},[44,102051,120],{"class":58},[44,102053,625],{"class":116},[44,102055,113],{"class":58},[44,102057,3316],{"class":116},[44,102059,120],{"class":58},[44,102061,639],{"class":116},[44,102063,83],{"class":58},[44,102065,10169],{"class":116},[44,102067,2239],{"class":58},[20,102069,2576],{},[35,102071,102073],{"className":37,"code":102072,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,102074,102075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102076,102077,102079,102081,102083,102085,102087,102089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102078,9770],{"class":58},[44,102080,1588],{"class":95},[44,102082,83],{"class":58},[44,102084,2955],{"class":95},[44,102086,83],{"class":58},[44,102088,5108],{"class":95},[44,102090,99],{"class":58},[20,102092,102093,102094,102096],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,102095,2526],{}," operator expression.",[45152,102098],{},[30,102100,1526],{"id":1525},[20,102102,21654,102103,113],{},[15,102104,100659],{},[981,102106,102108],{"id":102107},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,102110,5131,102111,102113,102114,72],{},[590,102112,592],{}," change ",[15,102115,625],{},[35,102117,102119],{"className":37,"code":102118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102120,102121,102141,102153,102157,102171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102122,102123,102125,102127,102129,102131,102133,102135,102137,102139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102124,3058],{"class":50},[44,102126,55],{"class":54},[44,102128,59],{"class":58},[44,102130,1588],{"class":95},[44,102132,83],{"class":58},[44,102134,1717],{"class":95},[44,102136,83],{"class":58},[44,102138,2955],{"class":95},[44,102140,99],{"class":58},[44,102142,102143,102145,102147,102149,102151],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102144,3086],{"class":50},[44,102146,55],{"class":54},[44,102148,59],{"class":58},[44,102150,2567],{"class":95},[44,102152,99],{"class":58},[44,102154,102155],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,102156,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,102158,102159,102161,102163,102165,102167,102169],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,102160,625],{"class":50},[44,102162,113],{"class":58},[44,102164,3316],{"class":116},[44,102166,120],{"class":58},[44,102168,639],{"class":116},[44,102170,129],{"class":58},[44,102172,102173,102175,102177,102179],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,102174,136],{"class":135},[44,102176,120],{"class":58},[44,102178,625],{"class":116},[44,102180,129],{"class":58},[20,102182,2576],{},[35,102184,102185],{"className":37,"code":96852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,102186,102187],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102188,102189,102191,102193,102195,102197,102199,102201],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102190,9770],{"class":58},[44,102192,1588],{"class":95},[44,102194,83],{"class":58},[44,102196,1717],{"class":95},[44,102198,83],{"class":58},[44,102200,2955],{"class":95},[44,102202,99],{"class":58},[20,102204,102205],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[35,102207,102209],{"className":37,"code":102208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102210,102211,102231,102243,102247,102265],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102212,102213,102215,102217,102219,102221,102223,102225,102227,102229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102214,3058],{"class":50},[44,102216,55],{"class":54},[44,102218,59],{"class":58},[44,102220,1588],{"class":95},[44,102222,83],{"class":58},[44,102224,1717],{"class":95},[44,102226,83],{"class":58},[44,102228,2955],{"class":95},[44,102230,99],{"class":58},[44,102232,102233,102235,102237,102239,102241],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102234,3086],{"class":50},[44,102236,55],{"class":54},[44,102238,59],{"class":58},[44,102240,2567],{"class":95},[44,102242,99],{"class":58},[44,102244,102245],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,102246,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,102248,102249,102251,102253,102255,102257,102259,102261,102263],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,102250,3058],{"class":50},[44,102252,55],{"class":54},[44,102254,57127],{"class":50},[44,102256,113],{"class":58},[44,102258,3316],{"class":116},[44,102260,120],{"class":58},[44,102262,639],{"class":116},[44,102264,129],{"class":58},[44,102266,102267,102269,102271,102273],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,102268,136],{"class":135},[44,102270,120],{"class":58},[44,102272,625],{"class":116},[44,102274,129],{"class":58},[20,102276,2576],{},[35,102278,102279],{"className":37,"code":100752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,102280,102281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102282,102283,102285,102287,102289,102291],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102284,9770],{"class":58},[44,102286,1588],{"class":95},[44,102288,83],{"class":58},[44,102290,1717],{"class":95},[44,102292,99],{"class":58},[981,102294,102296],{"id":102295},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102298,102299,102302],{},[15,102300,102301],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[252,102304,102305,102310],{},[255,102306,102307,102308],{},"keep items from ",[15,102309,625],{},[255,102311,102312,102313],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102314,639],{},[20,102316,41139,102317,102319,102320,102322],{},[590,102318,592],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102321,639],{},"”.",[20,102324,269],{},[35,102326,102328],{"className":37,"code":102327,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102329,102330,102350,102370,102374,102392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102331,102332,102334,102336,102338,102340,102342,102344,102346,102348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102333,3058],{"class":50},[44,102335,55],{"class":54},[44,102337,59],{"class":58},[44,102339,1588],{"class":95},[44,102341,83],{"class":58},[44,102343,1717],{"class":95},[44,102345,83],{"class":58},[44,102347,2955],{"class":95},[44,102349,99],{"class":58},[44,102351,102352,102354,102356,102358,102360,102362,102364,102366,102368],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102353,3086],{"class":50},[44,102355,55],{"class":54},[44,102357,59],{"class":58},[44,102359,2567],{"class":95},[44,102361,83],{"class":58},[44,102363,2961],{"class":95},[44,102365,83],{"class":58},[44,102367,5108],{"class":95},[44,102369,99],{"class":58},[44,102371,102372],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,102373,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,102375,102376,102378,102380,102382,102384,102386,102388,102390],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,102377,136],{"class":135},[44,102379,120],{"class":58},[44,102381,625],{"class":116},[44,102383,113],{"class":58},[44,102385,3316],{"class":116},[44,102387,120],{"class":58},[44,102389,639],{"class":116},[44,102391,2239],{"class":58},[44,102393,102394,102396,102398,102400,102402,102404,102406,102408],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,102395,136],{"class":135},[44,102397,120],{"class":58},[44,102399,639],{"class":116},[44,102401,113],{"class":58},[44,102403,3316],{"class":116},[44,102405,120],{"class":58},[44,102407,625],{"class":116},[44,102409,2239],{"class":58},[20,102411,2576],{},[35,102413,102415],{"className":37,"code":102414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102416,102417,102429],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102418,102419,102421,102423,102425,102427],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102420,9770],{"class":58},[44,102422,1588],{"class":95},[44,102424,83],{"class":58},[44,102426,1717],{"class":95},[44,102428,99],{"class":58},[44,102430,102431,102433,102435,102437,102439],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102432,9770],{"class":58},[44,102434,3008],{"class":95},[44,102436,83],{"class":58},[44,102438,5108],{"class":95},[44,102440,99],{"class":58},[20,102442,102443],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[981,102445,102447],{"id":102446},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102449,102450,102452],{},[15,102451,100659],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102454,55558],{},[35,102456,102458],{"className":37,"code":102457,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102459,102460,102480,102496,102500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102461,102462,102464,102466,102468,102470,102472,102474,102476,102478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102463,3058],{"class":50},[44,102465,55],{"class":54},[44,102467,1556],{"class":58},[44,102469,1588],{"class":95},[44,102471,83],{"class":58},[44,102473,1717],{"class":95},[44,102475,83],{"class":58},[44,102477,2955],{"class":95},[44,102479,1153],{"class":58},[44,102481,102482,102484,102486,102488,102490,102492,102494],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102483,3086],{"class":50},[44,102485,55],{"class":54},[44,102487,1556],{"class":58},[44,102489,2567],{"class":95},[44,102491,83],{"class":58},[44,102493,2961],{"class":95},[44,102495,1153],{"class":58},[44,102497,102498],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,102499,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,102501,102502],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,102503,102504],{"class":147},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102506,102507],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[35,102509,102511],{"className":37,"code":102510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102512,102513,102533,102549,102553,102579],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102514,102515,102517,102519,102521,102523,102525,102527,102529,102531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102516,3058],{"class":50},[44,102518,55],{"class":54},[44,102520,1556],{"class":58},[44,102522,1588],{"class":95},[44,102524,83],{"class":58},[44,102526,1717],{"class":95},[44,102528,83],{"class":58},[44,102530,2955],{"class":95},[44,102532,1153],{"class":58},[44,102534,102535,102537,102539,102541,102543,102545,102547],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102536,3086],{"class":50},[44,102538,55],{"class":54},[44,102540,1556],{"class":58},[44,102542,2567],{"class":95},[44,102544,83],{"class":58},[44,102546,2961],{"class":95},[44,102548,1153],{"class":58},[44,102550,102551],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,102552,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,102554,102555,102557,102559,102561,102563,102565,102567,102569,102571,102573,102575,102577],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,102556,1953],{"class":50},[44,102558,55],{"class":54},[44,102560,16089],{"class":2248},[44,102562,120],{"class":58},[44,102564,625],{"class":116},[44,102566,9126],{"class":58},[44,102568,3316],{"class":116},[44,102570,120],{"class":58},[44,102572,6788],{"class":2248},[44,102574,120],{"class":58},[44,102576,639],{"class":116},[44,102578,2239],{"class":58},[44,102580,102581,102583,102585,102587],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,102582,136],{"class":135},[44,102584,120],{"class":58},[44,102586,1984],{"class":116},[44,102588,129],{"class":58},[20,102590,2576],{},[35,102592,102593],{"className":37,"code":100752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,102594,102595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102596,102597,102599,102601,102603,102605],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102598,9770],{"class":58},[44,102600,1588],{"class":95},[44,102602,83],{"class":58},[44,102604,1717],{"class":95},[44,102606,99],{"class":58},[981,102608,102610],{"id":102609},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102612,102613],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[35,102615,102617],{"className":37,"code":102616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102618,102619,102651,102667,102671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102620,102621,102623,102625,102627,102629,102631,102633,102635,102637,102639,102641,102643,102645,102647,102649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102622,3058],{"class":50},[44,102624,55],{"class":54},[44,102626,59],{"class":58},[44,102628,63],{"class":62},[44,102630,37278],{"class":66},[44,102632,63],{"class":62},[44,102634,83],{"class":58},[44,102636,75],{"class":62},[44,102638,58367],{"class":66},[44,102640,63],{"class":62},[44,102642,83],{"class":58},[44,102644,75],{"class":62},[44,102646,58384],{"class":66},[44,102648,63],{"class":62},[44,102650,99],{"class":58},[44,102652,102653,102655,102657,102659,102661,102663,102665],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102654,3086],{"class":50},[44,102656,55],{"class":54},[44,102658,59],{"class":58},[44,102660,63],{"class":62},[44,102662,58367],{"class":66},[44,102664,63],{"class":62},[44,102666,99],{"class":58},[44,102668,102669],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,102670,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,102672,102673,102675,102677,102679,102681,102683,102685,102687],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,102674,136],{"class":135},[44,102676,120],{"class":58},[44,102678,625],{"class":116},[44,102680,113],{"class":58},[44,102682,3316],{"class":116},[44,102684,120],{"class":58},[44,102686,639],{"class":116},[44,102688,2239],{"class":58},[20,102690,102691],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[981,102693,102695],{"id":102694},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102697,102698],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[35,102700,102702],{"className":37,"code":102701,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102703,102704,102732,102744,102748,102758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102705,102706,102708,102710,102712,102714,102716,102718,102720,102722,102724,102726,102728,102730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102707,3058],{"class":50},[44,102709,55],{"class":54},[44,102711,59],{"class":58},[44,102713,1588],{"class":95},[44,102715,83],{"class":58},[44,102717,1703],{"class":95},[44,102719,83],{"class":58},[44,102721,1717],{"class":95},[44,102723,83],{"class":58},[44,102725,1717],{"class":95},[44,102727,83],{"class":58},[44,102729,2955],{"class":95},[44,102731,99],{"class":58},[44,102733,102734,102736,102738,102740,102742],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102735,3086],{"class":50},[44,102737,55],{"class":54},[44,102739,59],{"class":58},[44,102741,2567],{"class":95},[44,102743,99],{"class":58},[44,102745,102746],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,102747,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,102749,102750,102752,102754,102756],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,102751,136],{"class":135},[44,102753,120],{"class":58},[44,102755,625],{"class":116},[44,102757,129],{"class":58},[44,102759,102760,102762,102764,102766,102768,102770,102772,102774],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,102761,136],{"class":135},[44,102763,120],{"class":58},[44,102765,625],{"class":116},[44,102767,113],{"class":58},[44,102769,3316],{"class":116},[44,102771,120],{"class":58},[44,102773,639],{"class":116},[44,102775,2239],{"class":58},[20,102777,2576],{},[35,102779,102781],{"className":37,"code":102780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102782,102783,102799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102784,102785,102787,102789,102791,102793,102795,102797],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102786,9770],{"class":58},[44,102788,1588],{"class":95},[44,102790,83],{"class":58},[44,102792,1717],{"class":95},[44,102794,83],{"class":58},[44,102796,2955],{"class":95},[44,102798,99],{"class":58},[44,102800,102801,102803,102805,102807,102809],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102802,9770],{"class":58},[44,102804,1588],{"class":95},[44,102806,83],{"class":58},[44,102808,1717],{"class":95},[44,102810,99],{"class":58},[20,102812,102813,102814,102816],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102815,100659],{}," runs.",[981,102818,102820],{"id":102819},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102822,102823],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[35,102825,102827],{"className":37,"code":102826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102828,102829,102853,102873,102877,102887,102897,102915,102937],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102830,102831,102833,102835,102837,102839,102841,102843,102845,102847,102849,102851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102832,3058],{"class":50},[44,102834,55],{"class":54},[44,102836,59],{"class":58},[44,102838,1588],{"class":95},[44,102840,83],{"class":58},[44,102842,1717],{"class":95},[44,102844,83],{"class":58},[44,102846,2955],{"class":95},[44,102848,83],{"class":58},[44,102850,2961],{"class":95},[44,102852,99],{"class":58},[44,102854,102855,102857,102859,102861,102863,102865,102867,102869,102871],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102856,3086],{"class":50},[44,102858,55],{"class":54},[44,102860,59],{"class":58},[44,102862,2567],{"class":95},[44,102864,83],{"class":58},[44,102866,2961],{"class":95},[44,102868,83],{"class":58},[44,102870,5108],{"class":95},[44,102872,99],{"class":58},[44,102874,102875],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,102876,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,102878,102879,102881,102883,102885],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,102880,136],{"class":135},[44,102882,120],{"class":58},[44,102884,625],{"class":116},[44,102886,129],{"class":58},[44,102888,102889,102891,102893,102895],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,102890,136],{"class":135},[44,102892,120],{"class":58},[44,102894,639],{"class":116},[44,102896,129],{"class":58},[44,102898,102899,102901,102903,102905,102907,102909,102911,102913],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,102900,136],{"class":135},[44,102902,120],{"class":58},[44,102904,625],{"class":116},[44,102906,113],{"class":58},[44,102908,3316],{"class":116},[44,102910,120],{"class":58},[44,102912,639],{"class":116},[44,102914,2239],{"class":58},[44,102916,102917,102919,102921,102923,102925,102927,102929,102931,102933,102935],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,102918,136],{"class":135},[44,102920,120],{"class":58},[44,102922,2249],{"class":2248},[44,102924,120],{"class":58},[44,102926,625],{"class":116},[44,102928,113],{"class":58},[44,102930,3316],{"class":116},[44,102932,120],{"class":58},[44,102934,639],{"class":116},[44,102936,3418],{"class":58},[44,102938,102939,102941,102943,102945,102947,102949,102951,102953,102955,102957],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,102940,136],{"class":135},[44,102942,120],{"class":58},[44,102944,11641],{"class":135},[44,102946,120],{"class":58},[44,102948,625],{"class":116},[44,102950,113],{"class":58},[44,102952,3316],{"class":116},[44,102954,120],{"class":58},[44,102956,639],{"class":116},[44,102958,3418],{"class":58},[20,102960,11650],{},[252,102962,102963,102966,102969,102972],{},[255,102964,102965],{},"what is in each set",[255,102967,102968],{},"what result Python creates",[255,102970,102971],{},"that the result is a set",[255,102973,102974],{},"how many items remain",[45152,102976],{},[30,102978,2301],{"id":2300},[981,102980,2329,102982,102984],{"id":102981},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102983,100659],{}," change the original set?",[20,102986,102987],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[981,102989,2358,102991,976,102993,2363],{"id":102990},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102992,100659],{},[15,102994,101570],{},[20,102996,102997,102999,103000,103002],{},[15,102998,100659],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,103001,101570],{}," modifies the original set.",[981,103004,2339,103006,103008],{"id":103005},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,103007,100659],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,103010,103011],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[981,103013,103015],{"id":103014},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,103017,103018],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45152,103020],{},[30,103022,2375],{"id":2374},[252,103024,103025,103029,103037],{},[255,103026,103027],{},[625,103028,96573],{"href":97744},[255,103030,103031],{},[625,103032,97059,103034,11221],{"href":103033},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,103035,103036],{},"intersection()",[255,103038,103039],{},[625,103040,97059,103042,11221],{"href":103041},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,103043,103044],{},"union()",[2414,103046,103047],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":103049},[103050,103051,103053,103054,103055,103056,103058,103063,103065,103073,103082],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":100781,"depth":102,"text":103052},"What difference() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":582,"depth":102,"text":583},{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952},{"id":101400,"depth":102,"text":103057},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101565,"depth":102,"text":103059,"children":103060},"difference() vs difference_update()",[103061,103062],{"id":3316,"depth":132,"text":100659},{"id":101718,"depth":132,"text":101570},{"id":101837,"depth":102,"text":103064},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526,"children":103066},[103067,103068,103069,103070,103071,103072],{"id":102107,"depth":132,"text":102108},{"id":102295,"depth":132,"text":102296},{"id":102446,"depth":132,"text":102447},{"id":102609,"depth":132,"text":102610},{"id":102694,"depth":132,"text":102695},{"id":102819,"depth":132,"text":102820},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":103074},[103075,103077,103079,103081],{"id":102981,"depth":132,"text":103076},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102990,"depth":132,"text":103078},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":103005,"depth":132,"text":103080},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":103014,"depth":132,"text":103015},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100651,"description":103083},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":103090,"title":103091,"body":103092,"description":104787,"extension":2465,"meta":104788,"navigation":169,"path":104789,"seo":104790,"stem":104791,"__hash__":104792},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":103093,"toc":104749},[103094,103100,103106,103119,103121,103222,103224,103269,103274,103279,103283,103297,103300,103308,103310,103329,103347,103351,103404,103406,103427,103434,103439,103466,103473,103572,103574,103611,103619,103623,103629,103632,103705,103707,103715,103720,103789,103791,103816,103818,103821,103924,103926,103987,103990,103994,104000,104073,104075,104108,104111,104114,104154,104160,104183,104188,104192,104203,104206,104208,104212,104218,104220,104277,104287,104289,104342,104349,104354,104422,104430,104436,104440,104442,104481,104486,104535,104539,104542,104544,104583,104586,104588,104593,104650,104652,104666,104668,104672,104678,104683,104688,104695,104706,104712,104717,104719,104746],[10,103095,96445,103097,18],{"id":103096},"python-set-discard-method",[15,103098,103099],{},"discard()",[20,103101,103102,103105],{},[15,103103,103104],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,103107,103108,103109,2695,103114,588,103116,103118],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[625,103110,103111],{"href":98454},[15,103112,103113],{},"set.remove()",[15,103115,103099],{},[590,103117,592],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[30,103120,2507],{"id":2506},[35,103122,103124],{"className":37,"code":103123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103125,103126,103158,103177,103187,103191,103212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103127,103128,103130,103132,103134,103136,103138,103140,103142,103144,103146,103148,103150,103152,103154,103156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103129,13539],{"class":50},[44,103131,55],{"class":54},[44,103133,59],{"class":58},[44,103135,63],{"class":62},[44,103137,13556],{"class":66},[44,103139,63],{"class":62},[44,103141,83],{"class":58},[44,103143,75],{"class":62},[44,103145,13573],{"class":66},[44,103147,63],{"class":62},[44,103149,83],{"class":58},[44,103151,75],{"class":62},[44,103153,17907],{"class":66},[44,103155,63],{"class":62},[44,103157,99],{"class":58},[44,103159,103160,103162,103164,103167,103169,103171,103173,103175],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103161,17954],{"class":50},[44,103163,113],{"class":58},[44,103165,103166],{"class":116},"discard",[44,103168,120],{"class":58},[44,103170,63],{"class":62},[44,103172,13573],{"class":66},[44,103174,63],{"class":62},[44,103176,129],{"class":58},[44,103178,103179,103181,103183,103185],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,103180,136],{"class":135},[44,103182,120],{"class":58},[44,103184,17954],{"class":116},[44,103186,129],{"class":58},[44,103188,103189],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,103190,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,103192,103193,103195,103197,103199,103201,103203,103205,103207,103209],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,103194,17954],{"class":50},[44,103196,113],{"class":58},[44,103198,103166],{"class":116},[44,103200,120],{"class":58},[44,103202,63],{"class":62},[44,103204,22962],{"class":66},[44,103206,63],{"class":62},[44,103208,144],{"class":58},[44,103210,103211],{"class":147},"  # no error if missing\n",[44,103213,103214,103216,103218,103220],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,103215,136],{"class":135},[44,103217,120],{"class":58},[44,103219,17954],{"class":116},[44,103221,129],{"class":58},[20,103223,30254],{},[35,103225,103227],{"className":37,"code":103226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103228,103229,103249],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103230,103231,103233,103235,103237,103239,103241,103243,103245,103247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103232,9770],{"class":58},[44,103234,2197],{"class":62},[44,103236,13556],{"class":66},[44,103238,2197],{"class":62},[44,103240,83],{"class":58},[44,103242,2232],{"class":62},[44,103244,17907],{"class":66},[44,103246,2197],{"class":62},[44,103248,99],{"class":58},[44,103250,103251,103253,103255,103257,103259,103261,103263,103265,103267],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103252,9770],{"class":58},[44,103254,2197],{"class":62},[44,103256,13556],{"class":66},[44,103258,2197],{"class":62},[44,103260,83],{"class":58},[44,103262,2232],{"class":62},[44,103264,17907],{"class":66},[44,103266,2197],{"class":62},[44,103268,99],{"class":58},[20,103270,227,103271,103273],{},[15,103272,103099],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[30,103275,243,103277,246],{"id":103276},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103278,103104],{},[20,103280,103281,72],{},[15,103282,103099],{},[252,103284,103285,103288,103291,103293],{},[255,103286,103287],{},"Removes one item from a set",[255,103289,103290],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[255,103292,96560],{},[255,103294,11901,103295],{},[15,103296,4282],{},[20,103298,103299],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103301,96569,103302,3384,103305,113],{},[625,103303,103304],{"href":99036},"what a set is in Python",[625,103306,103307],{"href":98128},"how to create a set",[30,103309,392],{"id":391},[35,103311,103313],{"className":37,"code":103312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103314,103315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103316,103317,103319,103321,103323,103325,103327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103318,16122],{"class":50},[44,103320,113],{"class":58},[44,103322,103166],{"class":116},[44,103324,120],{"class":58},[44,103326,1282],{"class":116},[44,103328,129],{"class":58},[252,103330,103331,103336,103341,103344],{},[255,103332,103333,103335],{},[15,103334,16122],{}," is the set you want to change",[255,103337,103338,103340],{},[15,103339,1282],{}," is the item you want to remove",[255,103342,103343],{},"The set must already exist",[255,103345,103346],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[981,103348,103350],{"id":103349},"example","Example",[35,103352,103354],{"className":37,"code":103353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103355,103356,103380,103394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103357,103358,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376,103378],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103359,1551],{"class":50},[44,103361,55],{"class":54},[44,103363,59],{"class":58},[44,103365,1588],{"class":95},[44,103367,83],{"class":58},[44,103369,1717],{"class":95},[44,103371,83],{"class":58},[44,103373,2955],{"class":95},[44,103375,83],{"class":58},[44,103377,2961],{"class":95},[44,103379,99],{"class":58},[44,103381,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103383,1579],{"class":50},[44,103385,113],{"class":58},[44,103387,103166],{"class":116},[44,103389,120],{"class":58},[44,103391,2567],{"class":95},[44,103393,129],{"class":58},[44,103395,103396,103398,103400,103402],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,103397,136],{"class":135},[44,103399,120],{"class":58},[44,103401,1579],{"class":116},[44,103403,129],{"class":58},[20,103405,2576],{},[35,103407,103409],{"className":37,"code":103408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103410,103411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103412,103413,103415,103417,103419,103421,103423,103425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103414,9770],{"class":58},[44,103416,1588],{"class":95},[44,103418,83],{"class":58},[44,103420,1717],{"class":95},[44,103422,83],{"class":58},[44,103424,2961],{"class":95},[44,103426,99],{"class":58},[30,103428,103430,103431,103433],{"id":103429},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103432,103099],{}," different",[20,103435,103436,103438],{},[15,103437,103099],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[252,103440,103441,103454,103463],{},[255,103442,103443,103444,2695,103448,103450,103451,103453],{},"Unlike ",[625,103445,103446],{"href":98454},[15,103447,55768],{},[15,103449,103099],{}," does not raise ",[15,103452,238],{}," when the item is missing",[255,103455,103443,103456,2695,103460,103462],{},[625,103457,103458],{"href":98459},[15,103459,17],{},[15,103461,103099],{}," removes a specific item",[255,103464,103465],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[981,103467,103469,967,103471],{"id":103468},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103470,103099],{},[15,103472,55768],{},[35,103474,103476],{"className":37,"code":103475,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103477,103478,103502,103506,103527,103537,103541,103562],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103479,103480,103482,103484,103486,103488,103490,103492,103494,103496,103498,103500],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103481,8276],{"class":50},[44,103483,55],{"class":54},[44,103485,59],{"class":58},[44,103487,63],{"class":62},[44,103489,4582],{"class":66},[44,103491,63],{"class":62},[44,103493,83],{"class":58},[44,103495,75],{"class":62},[44,103497,4591],{"class":66},[44,103499,63],{"class":62},[44,103501,99],{"class":58},[44,103503,103504],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103505,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,103507,103508,103510,103512,103514,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,103509,8305],{"class":50},[44,103511,113],{"class":58},[44,103513,103166],{"class":116},[44,103515,120],{"class":58},[44,103517,63],{"class":62},[44,103519,33447],{"class":66},[44,103521,63],{"class":62},[44,103523,144],{"class":58},[44,103525,103526],{"class":147},"   # no error\n",[44,103528,103529,103531,103533,103535],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,103530,136],{"class":135},[44,103532,120],{"class":58},[44,103534,8305],{"class":116},[44,103536,129],{"class":58},[44,103538,103539],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,103540,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,103542,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,103544,8305],{"class":50},[44,103546,113],{"class":58},[44,103548,35022],{"class":116},[44,103550,120],{"class":58},[44,103552,63],{"class":62},[44,103554,4591],{"class":66},[44,103556,63],{"class":62},[44,103558,144],{"class":58},[44,103560,103561],{"class":147},"    # removes existing item\n",[44,103563,103564,103566,103568,103570],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,103565,136],{"class":135},[44,103567,120],{"class":58},[44,103569,8305],{"class":116},[44,103571,129],{"class":58},[20,103573,2576],{},[35,103575,103577],{"className":37,"code":103576,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103578,103579,103599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103580,103581,103583,103585,103587,103589,103591,103593,103595,103597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103582,9770],{"class":58},[44,103584,2197],{"class":62},[44,103586,4582],{"class":66},[44,103588,2197],{"class":62},[44,103590,83],{"class":58},[44,103592,2232],{"class":62},[44,103594,4591],{"class":66},[44,103596,2197],{"class":62},[44,103598,99],{"class":58},[44,103600,103601,103603,103605,103607,103609],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103602,9770],{"class":58},[44,103604,2197],{"class":62},[44,103606,4582],{"class":66},[44,103608,2197],{"class":62},[44,103610,99],{"class":58},[20,103612,40576,103613,103615,103616,103618],{},[15,103614,55768],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[625,103617,11555],{"href":1521}," for more help with that case.",[30,103620,103622],{"id":103621},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103624,103625,2901,103627,113],{},[15,103626,103099],{},[15,103628,4282],{},[20,103630,103631],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[35,103633,103635],{"className":37,"code":103634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103636,103637,103669,103691,103695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103638,103639,103641,103643,103645,103647,103649,103651,103653,103655,103657,103659,103661,103663,103665,103667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103640,13539],{"class":50},[44,103642,55],{"class":54},[44,103644,59],{"class":58},[44,103646,63],{"class":62},[44,103648,13556],{"class":66},[44,103650,63],{"class":62},[44,103652,83],{"class":58},[44,103654,75],{"class":62},[44,103656,13573],{"class":66},[44,103658,63],{"class":62},[44,103660,83],{"class":58},[44,103662,75],{"class":62},[44,103664,17907],{"class":66},[44,103666,63],{"class":62},[44,103668,99],{"class":58},[44,103670,103671,103673,103675,103677,103679,103681,103683,103685,103687,103689],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103672,1953],{"class":50},[44,103674,55],{"class":54},[44,103676,13587],{"class":50},[44,103678,113],{"class":58},[44,103680,103166],{"class":116},[44,103682,120],{"class":58},[44,103684,63],{"class":62},[44,103686,13573],{"class":66},[44,103688,63],{"class":62},[44,103690,129],{"class":58},[44,103692,103693],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,103694,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,103696,103697,103699,103701,103703],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,103698,136],{"class":135},[44,103700,120],{"class":58},[44,103702,1984],{"class":116},[44,103704,129],{"class":58},[20,103706,2576],{},[35,103708,103709],{"className":37,"code":12280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,103710,103711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103712,103713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103714,12280],{"class":1266},[20,103716,103717,103718,72],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103719,17954],{},[35,103721,103723],{"className":37,"code":103722,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103724,103725,103757,103775,103779],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103726,103727,103729,103731,103733,103735,103737,103739,103741,103743,103745,103747,103749,103751,103753,103755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103728,13539],{"class":50},[44,103730,55],{"class":54},[44,103732,59],{"class":58},[44,103734,63],{"class":62},[44,103736,13556],{"class":66},[44,103738,63],{"class":62},[44,103740,83],{"class":58},[44,103742,75],{"class":62},[44,103744,13573],{"class":66},[44,103746,63],{"class":62},[44,103748,83],{"class":58},[44,103750,75],{"class":62},[44,103752,17907],{"class":66},[44,103754,63],{"class":62},[44,103756,99],{"class":58},[44,103758,103759,103761,103763,103765,103767,103769,103771,103773],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103760,17954],{"class":50},[44,103762,113],{"class":58},[44,103764,103166],{"class":116},[44,103766,120],{"class":58},[44,103768,63],{"class":62},[44,103770,13573],{"class":66},[44,103772,63],{"class":62},[44,103774,129],{"class":58},[44,103776,103777],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,103778,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,103780,103781,103783,103785,103787],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,103782,136],{"class":135},[44,103784,120],{"class":58},[44,103786,17954],{"class":116},[44,103788,129],{"class":58},[20,103790,2576],{},[35,103792,103794],{"className":37,"code":103793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103795,103796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103797,103798,103800,103802,103804,103806,103808,103810,103812,103814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103799,9770],{"class":58},[44,103801,2197],{"class":62},[44,103803,13556],{"class":66},[44,103805,2197],{"class":62},[44,103807,83],{"class":58},[44,103809,2232],{"class":62},[44,103811,17907],{"class":66},[44,103813,2197],{"class":62},[44,103815,99],{"class":58},[30,103817,11952],{"id":11951},[20,103819,103820],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[35,103822,103824],{"className":37,"code":103823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103825,103826,103858,103862,103880,103884,103902,103906],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103827,103828,103830,103832,103834,103836,103838,103840,103842,103844,103846,103848,103850,103852,103854,103856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103829,36469],{"class":50},[44,103831,55],{"class":54},[44,103833,59],{"class":58},[44,103835,63],{"class":62},[44,103837,4582],{"class":66},[44,103839,63],{"class":62},[44,103841,83],{"class":58},[44,103843,75],{"class":62},[44,103845,4591],{"class":66},[44,103847,63],{"class":62},[44,103849,83],{"class":58},[44,103851,75],{"class":62},[44,103853,33447],{"class":66},[44,103855,63],{"class":62},[44,103857,99],{"class":58},[44,103859,103860],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103861,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,103863,103864,103866,103868,103870,103872,103874,103876,103878],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,103865,136],{"class":135},[44,103867,120],{"class":58},[44,103869,63],{"class":62},[44,103871,12040],{"class":66},[44,103873,63],{"class":62},[44,103875,83],{"class":58},[44,103877,53090],{"class":116},[44,103879,129],{"class":58},[44,103881,103882],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,103883,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,103885,103886,103888,103890,103892,103894,103896,103898,103900],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,103887,36521],{"class":50},[44,103889,113],{"class":58},[44,103891,103166],{"class":116},[44,103893,120],{"class":58},[44,103895,63],{"class":62},[44,103897,4591],{"class":66},[44,103899,63],{"class":62},[44,103901,129],{"class":58},[44,103903,103904],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,103905,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,103907,103908,103910,103912,103914,103916,103918,103920,103922],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,103909,136],{"class":135},[44,103911,120],{"class":58},[44,103913,63],{"class":62},[44,103915,12078],{"class":66},[44,103917,63],{"class":62},[44,103919,83],{"class":58},[44,103921,53090],{"class":116},[44,103923,129],{"class":58},[20,103925,2576],{},[35,103927,103929],{"className":37,"code":103928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103930,103931,103963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103932,103933,103935,103937,103939,103941,103943,103945,103947,103949,103951,103953,103955,103957,103959,103961],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103934,12098],{"class":50},[44,103936,72],{"class":58},[44,103938,59],{"class":58},[44,103940,2197],{"class":62},[44,103942,4591],{"class":66},[44,103944,2197],{"class":62},[44,103946,83],{"class":58},[44,103948,2232],{"class":62},[44,103950,4582],{"class":66},[44,103952,2197],{"class":62},[44,103954,83],{"class":58},[44,103956,2232],{"class":62},[44,103958,33447],{"class":66},[44,103960,2197],{"class":62},[44,103962,99],{"class":58},[44,103964,103965,103967,103969,103971,103973,103975,103977,103979,103981,103983,103985],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103966,12151],{"class":50},[44,103968,72],{"class":58},[44,103970,59],{"class":58},[44,103972,2197],{"class":62},[44,103974,4582],{"class":66},[44,103976,2197],{"class":62},[44,103978,83],{"class":58},[44,103980,2232],{"class":62},[44,103982,33447],{"class":66},[44,103984,2197],{"class":62},[44,103986,99],{"class":58},[20,103988,103989],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[30,103991,103993],{"id":103992},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103995,103996,103997,103999],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103998,103099],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[35,104001,104003],{"className":37,"code":104002,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,104004,104005,104037,104041,104059,104063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104006,104007,104009,104011,104013,104015,104017,104019,104021,104023,104025,104027,104029,104031,104033,104035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104008,36469],{"class":50},[44,104010,55],{"class":54},[44,104012,59],{"class":58},[44,104014,63],{"class":62},[44,104016,4582],{"class":66},[44,104018,63],{"class":62},[44,104020,83],{"class":58},[44,104022,75],{"class":62},[44,104024,4591],{"class":66},[44,104026,63],{"class":62},[44,104028,83],{"class":58},[44,104030,75],{"class":62},[44,104032,33447],{"class":66},[44,104034,63],{"class":62},[44,104036,99],{"class":58},[44,104038,104039],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104040,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,104042,104043,104045,104047,104049,104051,104053,104055,104057],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,104044,36521],{"class":50},[44,104046,113],{"class":58},[44,104048,103166],{"class":116},[44,104050,120],{"class":58},[44,104052,63],{"class":62},[44,104054,22971],{"class":66},[44,104056,63],{"class":62},[44,104058,129],{"class":58},[44,104060,104061],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,104062,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,104064,104065,104067,104069,104071],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,104066,136],{"class":135},[44,104068,120],{"class":58},[44,104070,36521],{"class":116},[44,104072,129],{"class":58},[20,104074,2576],{},[35,104076,104078],{"className":37,"code":104077,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,104079,104080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104081,104082,104084,104086,104088,104090,104092,104094,104096,104098,104100,104102,104104,104106],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104083,9770],{"class":58},[44,104085,2197],{"class":62},[44,104087,4591],{"class":66},[44,104089,2197],{"class":62},[44,104091,83],{"class":58},[44,104093,2232],{"class":62},[44,104095,4582],{"class":66},[44,104097,2197],{"class":62},[44,104099,83],{"class":58},[44,104101,2232],{"class":62},[44,104103,33447],{"class":66},[44,104105,2197],{"class":62},[44,104107,99],{"class":58},[20,104109,104110],{},"No error happens here.",[20,104112,104113],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[35,104115,104117],{"className":37,"code":104116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,104118,104119,104135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104120,104121,104123,104125,104127,104129,104131,104133],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104122,1345],{"class":1140},[44,104124,75],{"class":62},[44,104126,22971],{"class":66},[44,104128,63],{"class":62},[44,104130,1354],{"class":54},[44,104132,53090],{"class":50},[44,104134,1359],{"class":58},[44,104136,104137,104140,104142,104144,104146,104148,104150,104152],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104138,104139],{"class":50},"    fruits",[44,104141,113],{"class":58},[44,104143,35022],{"class":116},[44,104145,120],{"class":58},[44,104147,63],{"class":62},[44,104149,22971],{"class":66},[44,104151,63],{"class":62},[44,104153,129],{"class":58},[20,104155,104156,104157,104159],{},"With ",[15,104158,103099],{},", you can simply write:",[35,104161,104163],{"className":37,"code":104162,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,104164,104165],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104166,104167,104169,104171,104173,104175,104177,104179,104181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104168,36521],{"class":50},[44,104170,113],{"class":58},[44,104172,103166],{"class":116},[44,104174,120],{"class":58},[44,104176,63],{"class":62},[44,104178,22971],{"class":66},[44,104180,63],{"class":62},[44,104182,129],{"class":58},[30,104184,769,104186],{"id":104185},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104187,103099],{},[20,104189,227,104190,776],{},[15,104191,103099],{},[252,104193,104194,104197,104200],{},[255,104195,104196],{},"Missing values are normal",[255,104198,104199],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[255,104201,104202],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104204,104205],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[30,104207,3335],{"id":3334},[20,104209,8942,104210,113],{},[15,104211,103099],{},[981,104213,1904,104215,104217],{"id":104214},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104216,103099],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104219,5028],{},[35,104221,104223],{"className":37,"code":104222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104224,104225,104245,104263,104267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104226,104227,104229,104231,104233,104235,104237,104239,104241,104243],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104228,1551],{"class":50},[44,104230,55],{"class":54},[44,104232,59],{"class":58},[44,104234,1588],{"class":95},[44,104236,83],{"class":58},[44,104238,1717],{"class":95},[44,104240,83],{"class":58},[44,104242,2955],{"class":95},[44,104244,99],{"class":58},[44,104246,104247,104249,104251,104253,104255,104257,104259,104261],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104248,1551],{"class":50},[44,104250,55],{"class":54},[44,104252,4767],{"class":50},[44,104254,113],{"class":58},[44,104256,103166],{"class":116},[44,104258,120],{"class":58},[44,104260,2561],{"class":95},[44,104262,129],{"class":58},[44,104264,104265],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,104266,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,104268,104269,104271,104273,104275],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,104270,136],{"class":135},[44,104272,120],{"class":58},[44,104274,1579],{"class":116},[44,104276,129],{"class":58},[20,104278,104279,42389,104281,9096,104283,2901,104285,113],{},[15,104280,1579],{},[15,104282,4282],{},[15,104284,103099],{},[15,104286,4282],{},[20,104288,19290],{},[35,104290,104292],{"className":37,"code":104291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104293,104294,104314,104328,104332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104295,104296,104298,104300,104302,104304,104306,104308,104310,104312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104297,1551],{"class":50},[44,104299,55],{"class":54},[44,104301,59],{"class":58},[44,104303,1588],{"class":95},[44,104305,83],{"class":58},[44,104307,1717],{"class":95},[44,104309,83],{"class":58},[44,104311,2955],{"class":95},[44,104313,99],{"class":58},[44,104315,104316,104318,104320,104322,104324,104326],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104317,1579],{"class":50},[44,104319,113],{"class":58},[44,104321,103166],{"class":116},[44,104323,120],{"class":58},[44,104325,2561],{"class":95},[44,104327,129],{"class":58},[44,104329,104330],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,104331,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,104333,104334,104336,104338,104340],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,104335,136],{"class":135},[44,104337,120],{"class":58},[44,104339,1579],{"class":116},[44,104341,129],{"class":58},[981,104343,37435,104345,9200,104347],{"id":104344},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104346,103099],{},[15,104348,55768],{},[20,104350,104351,104352,113],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104353,103099],{},[35,104355,104357],{"className":37,"code":104356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104358,104359,104391,104412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104360,104361,104363,104365,104367,104369,104371,104373,104375,104377,104379,104381,104383,104385,104387,104389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104362,36320],{"class":50},[44,104364,55],{"class":54},[44,104366,59],{"class":58},[44,104368,63],{"class":62},[44,104370,625],{"class":66},[44,104372,63],{"class":62},[44,104374,83],{"class":58},[44,104376,75],{"class":62},[44,104378,639],{"class":66},[44,104380,63],{"class":62},[44,104382,83],{"class":58},[44,104384,75],{"class":62},[44,104386,696],{"class":66},[44,104388,63],{"class":62},[44,104390,99],{"class":58},[44,104392,104393,104395,104397,104399,104401,104403,104405,104407,104409],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104394,36373],{"class":50},[44,104396,113],{"class":58},[44,104398,103166],{"class":116},[44,104400,120],{"class":58},[44,104402,63],{"class":62},[44,104404,22515],{"class":66},[44,104406,63],{"class":62},[44,104408,144],{"class":58},[44,104410,104411],{"class":147},"   # safe\n",[44,104413,104414,104416,104418,104420],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,104415,136],{"class":135},[44,104417,120],{"class":58},[44,104419,36373],{"class":116},[44,104421,129],{"class":58},[20,104423,104424,104425,46144,104428,113],{},"If you use ",[15,104426,104427],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104429,238],{},[981,104431,26053,104433,104435],{"id":104432},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104434,103099],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104437,104438,102452],{},[15,104439,103099],{},[20,104441,17098],{},[35,104443,104445],{"className":37,"code":104444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104446,104447,104467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104448,104449,104451,104453,104455,104457,104459,104461,104463,104465],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104450,8276],{"class":50},[44,104452,55],{"class":54},[44,104454,1556],{"class":58},[44,104456,1588],{"class":95},[44,104458,83],{"class":58},[44,104460,1717],{"class":95},[44,104462,83],{"class":58},[44,104464,2955],{"class":95},[44,104466,1153],{"class":58},[44,104468,104469,104471,104473,104475,104477,104479],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104470,8305],{"class":50},[44,104472,113],{"class":58},[44,104474,103166],{"class":116},[44,104476,120],{"class":58},[44,104478,2561],{"class":95},[44,104480,129],{"class":58},[20,104482,104483,104484,72],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104485,103099],{},[35,104487,104489],{"className":37,"code":104488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104490,104491,104511,104525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104492,104493,104495,104497,104499,104501,104503,104505,104507,104509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104494,8276],{"class":50},[44,104496,55],{"class":54},[44,104498,59],{"class":58},[44,104500,1588],{"class":95},[44,104502,83],{"class":58},[44,104504,1717],{"class":95},[44,104506,83],{"class":58},[44,104508,2955],{"class":95},[44,104510,99],{"class":58},[44,104512,104513,104515,104517,104519,104521,104523],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104514,8305],{"class":50},[44,104516,113],{"class":58},[44,104518,103166],{"class":116},[44,104520,120],{"class":58},[44,104522,2561],{"class":95},[44,104524,129],{"class":58},[44,104526,104527,104529,104531,104533],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,104528,136],{"class":135},[44,104530,120],{"class":58},[44,104532,8305],{"class":116},[44,104534,129],{"class":58},[981,104536,104538],{"id":104537},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104540,104541],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104543,3342],{},[35,104545,104547],{"className":37,"code":104546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104548,104549,104569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104550,104551,104553,104555,104557,104559,104561,104563,104565,104567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104552,616],{"class":50},[44,104554,55],{"class":54},[44,104556,59],{"class":58},[44,104558,1588],{"class":95},[44,104560,83],{"class":58},[44,104562,1717],{"class":95},[44,104564,83],{"class":58},[44,104566,2955],{"class":95},[44,104568,99],{"class":58},[44,104570,104571,104573,104575,104577,104579,104581],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104572,750],{"class":50},[44,104574,113],{"class":58},[44,104576,103166],{"class":116},[44,104578,3492],{"class":58},[44,104580,2561],{"class":95},[44,104582,4391],{"class":58},[20,104584,104585],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[30,104587,2151],{"id":2150},[20,104589,2154,104590,104592],{},[15,104591,103099],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[35,104594,104596],{"className":37,"code":104595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104597,104598,104608,104622,104636],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104599,104600,104602,104604,104606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104601,136],{"class":135},[44,104603,120],{"class":58},[44,104605,16122],{"class":116},[44,104607,129],{"class":58},[44,104609,104610,104612,104614,104616,104618,104620],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104611,136],{"class":135},[44,104613,120],{"class":58},[44,104615,2249],{"class":2248},[44,104617,120],{"class":58},[44,104619,16122],{"class":116},[44,104621,2239],{"class":58},[44,104623,104624,104626,104628,104630,104632,104634],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,104625,136],{"class":135},[44,104627,120],{"class":58},[44,104629,1244],{"class":116},[44,104631,4385],{"class":1140},[44,104633,97169],{"class":116},[44,104635,129],{"class":58},[44,104637,104638,104640,104642,104644,104646,104648],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,104639,32378],{"class":135},[44,104641,120],{"class":58},[44,104643,6788],{"class":2248},[44,104645,113],{"class":58},[44,104647,103166],{"class":25189},[44,104649,129],{"class":58},[20,104651,11650],{},[252,104653,104654,104657,104660,104663],{},[255,104655,104656],{},"What is currently in the set",[255,104658,104659],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[255,104661,104662],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[255,104664,104665],{},"How Python documents the method",[30,104667,2301],{"id":2300},[981,104669,104671],{"id":104670},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104673,104674,104675,104677],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104676,103099],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[981,104679,5643,104681,13182],{"id":104680},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104682,103104],{},[20,104684,5649,104685,104687],{},[15,104686,4282],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[981,104689,2358,104691,976,104693,2363],{"id":104690},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104692,103099],{},[15,104694,55768],{},[20,104696,104697,104698,448,104700,104702,104703,104705],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104699,55768],{},[15,104701,238],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104704,103099],{}," does not.",[981,104707,2339,104709,104711],{"id":104708},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104710,103099],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104713,46601,104714,104716],{},[15,104715,103099],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[30,104718,2375],{"id":2374},[252,104720,104721,104727,104733,104738,104742],{},[255,104722,104723],{},[625,104724,97059,104725,11221],{"href":98454},[15,104726,55768],{},[255,104728,104729],{},[625,104730,97059,104731,11221],{"href":98459},[15,104732,17],{},[255,104734,104735],{},[625,104736,104737],{"href":98128},"Python set: creating a set",[255,104739,104740],{},[625,104741,100594],{"href":99036},[255,104743,104744],{},[625,104745,1522],{"href":1521},[2414,104747,104748],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":104750},[104751,104752,104754,104757,104762,104763,104764,104765,104767,104776,104777,104786],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":103276,"depth":102,"text":104753},"What set.discard() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392,"children":104755},[104756],{"id":103349,"depth":132,"text":103350},{"id":103429,"depth":102,"text":104758,"children":104759},"What makes discard() different",[104760],{"id":103468,"depth":132,"text":104761},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103621,"depth":102,"text":103622},{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952},{"id":103992,"depth":102,"text":103993},{"id":104185,"depth":102,"text":104766},"When to use discard()",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":104768},[104769,104771,104773,104775],{"id":104214,"depth":132,"text":104770},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104344,"depth":132,"text":104772},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104432,"depth":132,"text":104774},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104537,"depth":132,"text":104538},{"id":2150,"depth":102,"text":2151},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":104778},[104779,104780,104782,104784],{"id":104670,"depth":132,"text":104671},{"id":104680,"depth":132,"text":104781},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104690,"depth":132,"text":104783},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104708,"depth":132,"text":104785},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":103091,"description":104787},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104794,"title":104795,"body":104796,"description":106802,"extension":2465,"meta":106803,"navigation":169,"path":106804,"seo":106805,"stem":106806,"__hash__":106807},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104797,"toc":106760},[104798,104801,104809,104814,104825,104827,104882,104886,104906,104911,104915,104920,104922,104936,104938,105013,105015,105048,105053,105058,105060,105062,105077,105080,105088,105093,105108,105110,105199,105201,105290,105296,105300,105302,105340,105342,105366,105369,105384,105386,105441,105443,105476,105478,105483,105487,105491,105496,105561,105563,105583,105589,105593,105650,105652,105673,105677,105682,105727,105729,105762,105765,105769,105802,105804,105833,105837,105841,105844,105846,105865,105867,105913,105918,105932,105934,105965,105970,105973,106017,106019,106047,106051,106055,106071,106074,106139,106141,106153,106156,106160,106163,106168,106196,106198,106216,106222,106261,106263,106281,106287,106316,106318,106336,106339,106356,106358,106363,106367,106370,106396,106403,106408,106423,106432,106436,106439,106470,106476,106479,106488,106491,106493,106495,106553,106556,106581,106583,106587,106590,106594,106602,106606,106609,106613,106616,106618,106641,106643,106684,106691,106699,106702,106733,106735,106757],[10,104799,104795],{"id":104800},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104802,9616,104803,104805,104806,113],{},[15,104804,4301],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[590,104807,104808],{},"unique values only",[20,104810,35634,104811,104813],{},[15,104812,4301],{}," to:",[252,104815,104816,104819,104822],{},[255,104817,104818],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[255,104820,104821],{},"check whether a value exists",[255,104823,104824],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[30,104826,2507],{"id":2506},[35,104828,104830],{"className":37,"code":104829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104831,104832,104856,104871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104833,104834,104836,104838,104840,104842,104844,104846,104848,104850,104852,104854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104835,1551],{"class":50},[44,104837,55],{"class":54},[44,104839,1556],{"class":58},[44,104841,1588],{"class":95},[44,104843,83],{"class":58},[44,104845,1717],{"class":95},[44,104847,83],{"class":58},[44,104849,1717],{"class":95},[44,104851,83],{"class":58},[44,104853,2955],{"class":95},[44,104855,1153],{"class":58},[44,104857,104858,104861,104863,104865,104867,104869],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104859,104860],{"class":50},"unique_numbers ",[44,104862,55],{"class":54},[44,104864,16089],{"class":2248},[44,104866,120],{"class":58},[44,104868,1579],{"class":116},[44,104870,129],{"class":58},[44,104872,104873,104875,104877,104880],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,104874,136],{"class":135},[44,104876,120],{"class":58},[44,104878,104879],{"class":116},"unique_numbers",[44,104881,129],{"class":58},[20,104883,104884],{},[590,104885,2576],{},[35,104887,104888],{"className":37,"code":96852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104889,104890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104891,104892,104894,104896,104898,104900,104902,104904],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104893,9770],{"class":58},[44,104895,1588],{"class":95},[44,104897,83],{"class":58},[44,104899,1717],{"class":95},[44,104901,83],{"class":58},[44,104903,2955],{"class":95},[44,104905,99],{"class":58},[20,104907,227,104908,104910],{},[15,104909,4301],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[30,104912,104914],{"id":104913},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104916,104917,104919],{},[15,104918,4301],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104921,30765],{},[252,104923,104924,104927,104930,104933],{},[255,104925,104926],{},"A set stores unique items only",[255,104928,104929],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[255,104931,104932],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[255,104934,104935],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104937,269],{},[35,104939,104941],{"className":37,"code":104940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104942,104943,104983,104998,105002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104944,104945,104947,104949,104951,104953,104955,104957,104959,104961,104963,104965,104967,104969,104971,104973,104975,104977,104979,104981],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104946,13539],{"class":50},[44,104948,55],{"class":54},[44,104950,1556],{"class":58},[44,104952,63],{"class":62},[44,104954,13556],{"class":66},[44,104956,63],{"class":62},[44,104958,83],{"class":58},[44,104960,75],{"class":62},[44,104962,13573],{"class":66},[44,104964,63],{"class":62},[44,104966,83],{"class":58},[44,104968,75],{"class":62},[44,104970,13556],{"class":66},[44,104972,63],{"class":62},[44,104974,83],{"class":58},[44,104976,75],{"class":62},[44,104978,17907],{"class":66},[44,104980,63],{"class":62},[44,104982,1153],{"class":58},[44,104984,104985,104988,104990,104992,104994,104996],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104986,104987],{"class":50},"unique_colors ",[44,104989,55],{"class":54},[44,104991,16089],{"class":2248},[44,104993,120],{"class":58},[44,104995,17954],{"class":116},[44,104997,129],{"class":58},[44,104999,105000],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,105001,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,105003,105004,105006,105008,105011],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,105005,136],{"class":135},[44,105007,120],{"class":58},[44,105009,105010],{"class":116},"unique_colors",[44,105012,129],{"class":58},[20,105014,30254],{},[35,105016,105018],{"className":37,"code":105017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,105019,105020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105021,105022,105024,105026,105028,105030,105032,105034,105036,105038,105040,105042,105044,105046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105023,9770],{"class":58},[44,105025,2197],{"class":62},[44,105027,13573],{"class":66},[44,105029,2197],{"class":62},[44,105031,83],{"class":58},[44,105033,2232],{"class":62},[44,105035,17907],{"class":66},[44,105037,2197],{"class":62},[44,105039,83],{"class":58},[44,105041,2232],{"class":62},[44,105043,13556],{"class":66},[44,105045,2197],{"class":62},[44,105047,99],{"class":58},[20,105049,2790,105050,105052],{},[15,105051,65634],{}," appears only once.",[20,105054,105055,105056,113],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[625,105057,96573],{"href":96572},[30,105059,392],{"id":391},[20,105061,2666],{},[35,105063,105065],{"className":37,"code":105064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set(iterable)\n",[15,105066,105067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105068,105069,105071,105073,105075],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105070,6788],{"class":2248},[44,105072,120],{"class":58},[44,105074,4224],{"class":116},[44,105076,129],{"class":58},[20,105078,105079],{},"The argument is optional.",[252,105081,105082,105085],{},[255,105083,105084],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[255,105086,105087],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,105089,105090,105091,72],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,105092,4301],{},[252,105094,105095,105097,105099,105101,105105],{},[255,105096,8588],{},[255,105098,49190],{},[255,105100,61415],{},[255,105102,105103],{},[15,105104,36428],{},[255,105106,105107],{},"another set",[20,105109,2632],{},[35,105111,105113],{"className":37,"code":105112,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,105114,105115,105141,105163,105181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105116,105117,105119,105121,105123,105125,105127,105129,105131,105133,105135,105137,105139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105118,136],{"class":135},[44,105120,120],{"class":58},[44,105122,6788],{"class":2248},[44,105124,3492],{"class":58},[44,105126,1588],{"class":95},[44,105128,83],{"class":58},[44,105130,1717],{"class":95},[44,105132,83],{"class":58},[44,105134,1717],{"class":95},[44,105136,83],{"class":58},[44,105138,2955],{"class":95},[44,105140,3505],{"class":58},[44,105142,105143,105145,105147,105149,105151,105153,105155,105157,105159,105161],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105144,136],{"class":135},[44,105146,120],{"class":58},[44,105148,6788],{"class":2248},[44,105150,6011],{"class":58},[44,105152,1559],{"class":95},[44,105154,83],{"class":58},[44,105156,646],{"class":95},[44,105158,83],{"class":58},[44,105160,632],{"class":95},[44,105162,3418],{"class":58},[44,105164,105165,105167,105169,105171,105173,105175,105177,105179],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,105166,136],{"class":135},[44,105168,120],{"class":58},[44,105170,6788],{"class":2248},[44,105172,120],{"class":58},[44,105174,63],{"class":62},[44,105176,4349],{"class":66},[44,105178,63],{"class":62},[44,105180,2239],{"class":58},[44,105182,105183,105185,105187,105189,105191,105193,105195,105197],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,105184,136],{"class":135},[44,105186,120],{"class":58},[44,105188,6788],{"class":2248},[44,105190,120],{"class":58},[44,105192,60239],{"class":135},[44,105194,120],{"class":58},[44,105196,3008],{"class":95},[44,105198,3418],{"class":58},[20,105200,30254],{},[35,105202,105204],{"className":37,"code":105203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105205,105206,105222,105234,105270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105207,105208,105210,105212,105214,105216,105218,105220],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105209,9770],{"class":58},[44,105211,1588],{"class":95},[44,105213,83],{"class":58},[44,105215,1717],{"class":95},[44,105217,83],{"class":58},[44,105219,2955],{"class":95},[44,105221,99],{"class":58},[44,105223,105224,105226,105228,105230,105232],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105225,9770],{"class":58},[44,105227,1559],{"class":95},[44,105229,83],{"class":58},[44,105231,646],{"class":95},[44,105233,99],{"class":58},[44,105235,105236,105238,105240,105242,105244,105246,105248,105250,105252,105254,105256,105258,105260,105262,105264,105266,105268],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,105237,9770],{"class":58},[44,105239,2197],{"class":62},[44,105241,60679],{"class":66},[44,105243,2197],{"class":62},[44,105245,83],{"class":58},[44,105247,2232],{"class":62},[44,105249,60688],{"class":66},[44,105251,2197],{"class":62},[44,105253,83],{"class":58},[44,105255,2232],{"class":62},[44,105257,60697],{"class":66},[44,105259,2197],{"class":62},[44,105261,83],{"class":58},[44,105263,2232],{"class":62},[44,105265,60714],{"class":66},[44,105267,2197],{"class":62},[44,105269,99],{"class":58},[44,105271,105272,105274,105276,105278,105280,105282,105284,105286,105288],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,105273,9770],{"class":58},[44,105275,2626],{"class":95},[44,105277,83],{"class":58},[44,105279,1703],{"class":95},[44,105281,83],{"class":58},[44,105283,1717],{"class":95},[44,105285,83],{"class":58},[44,105287,2955],{"class":95},[44,105289,99],{"class":58},[20,105291,105292,105293,113],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[625,105294,105295],{"href":65089},"Python list() function explained",[30,105297,105299],{"id":105298},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105301,98525],{},[35,105303,105304],{"className":37,"code":99490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105305,105306,105316,105326],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105307,105308,105310,105312,105314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105309,98535],{"class":50},[44,105311,55],{"class":54},[44,105313,16089],{"class":2248},[44,105315,9138],{"class":58},[44,105317,105318,105320,105322,105324],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105319,136],{"class":135},[44,105321,120],{"class":58},[44,105323,98554],{"class":116},[44,105325,129],{"class":58},[44,105327,105328,105330,105332,105334,105336,105338],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,105329,136],{"class":135},[44,105331,120],{"class":58},[44,105333,2249],{"class":2248},[44,105335,120],{"class":58},[44,105337,98554],{"class":116},[44,105339,2239],{"class":58},[20,105341,2576],{},[35,105343,105344],{"className":37,"code":99533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105345,105346,105352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105347,105348,105350],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105349,6788],{"class":2248},[44,105351,9138],{"class":58},[44,105353,105354,105356,105358,105360,105362,105364],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105355,3797],{"class":54},[44,105357,3800],{"class":2570},[44,105359,2232],{"class":62},[44,105361,6788],{"class":66},[44,105363,2197],{"class":62},[44,105365,3809],{"class":54},[20,105367,105368],{},"This is important because:",[252,105370,105371,105376],{},[255,105372,105373,105375],{},[15,105374,4301],{}," creates an empty set",[255,105377,105378,105380,105381,105383],{},[15,105379,4296],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[590,105382,592],{}," a set",[20,105385,269],{},[35,105387,105389],{"className":37,"code":105388,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105390,105391,105401,105409,105413,105427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105392,105393,105395,105397,105399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105394,3058],{"class":50},[44,105396,55],{"class":54},[44,105398,16089],{"class":2248},[44,105400,9138],{"class":58},[44,105402,105403,105405,105407],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105404,3086],{"class":50},[44,105406,55],{"class":54},[44,105408,10325],{"class":58},[44,105410,105411],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,105412,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,105414,105415,105417,105419,105421,105423,105425],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,105416,136],{"class":135},[44,105418,120],{"class":58},[44,105420,2249],{"class":2248},[44,105422,120],{"class":58},[44,105424,625],{"class":116},[44,105426,2239],{"class":58},[44,105428,105429,105431,105433,105435,105437,105439],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,105430,136],{"class":135},[44,105432,120],{"class":58},[44,105434,2249],{"class":2248},[44,105436,120],{"class":58},[44,105438,639],{"class":116},[44,105440,2239],{"class":58},[20,105442,2576],{},[35,105444,105446],{"className":37,"code":105445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105447,105448,105462],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105449,105450,105452,105454,105456,105458,105460],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105451,3797],{"class":54},[44,105453,3800],{"class":2570},[44,105455,2232],{"class":62},[44,105457,6788],{"class":66},[44,105459,2197],{"class":62},[44,105461,3809],{"class":54},[44,105463,105464,105466,105468,105470,105472,105474],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105465,3797],{"class":54},[44,105467,3800],{"class":2570},[44,105469,2232],{"class":62},[44,105471,9317],{"class":66},[44,105473,2197],{"class":62},[44,105475,3809],{"class":54},[20,105477,14508],{},[20,105479,105480,105481,113],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[625,105482,104737],{"href":96576},[30,105484,105486],{"id":105485},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[981,105488,105490],{"id":105489},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105492,105493,105494,113],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105495,4301],{},[35,105497,105499],{"className":37,"code":105498,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105500,105501,105533,105547,105551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105502,105503,105505,105507,105509,105511,105513,105515,105517,105519,105521,105523,105525,105527,105529,105531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105504,1551],{"class":50},[44,105506,55],{"class":54},[44,105508,1556],{"class":58},[44,105510,1588],{"class":95},[44,105512,83],{"class":58},[44,105514,1717],{"class":95},[44,105516,83],{"class":58},[44,105518,1717],{"class":95},[44,105520,83],{"class":58},[44,105522,2955],{"class":95},[44,105524,83],{"class":58},[44,105526,2955],{"class":95},[44,105528,83],{"class":58},[44,105530,2955],{"class":95},[44,105532,1153],{"class":58},[44,105534,105535,105537,105539,105541,105543,105545],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105536,1953],{"class":50},[44,105538,55],{"class":54},[44,105540,16089],{"class":2248},[44,105542,120],{"class":58},[44,105544,1579],{"class":116},[44,105546,129],{"class":58},[44,105548,105549],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,105550,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,105552,105553,105555,105557,105559],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,105554,136],{"class":135},[44,105556,120],{"class":58},[44,105558,1984],{"class":116},[44,105560,129],{"class":58},[20,105562,2576],{},[35,105564,105565],{"className":37,"code":96852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105566,105567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105568,105569,105571,105573,105575,105577,105579,105581],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105570,9770],{"class":58},[44,105572,1588],{"class":95},[44,105574,83],{"class":58},[44,105576,1717],{"class":95},[44,105578,83],{"class":58},[44,105580,2955],{"class":95},[44,105582,99],{"class":58},[20,105584,105585,105586,113],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[625,105587,99323],{"href":105588},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[981,105590,105592],{"id":105591},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[35,105594,105596],{"className":37,"code":105595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105597,105598,105622,105636,105640],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105599,105600,105602,105604,105606,105608,105610,105612,105614,105616,105618,105620],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105601,4327],{"class":50},[44,105603,55],{"class":54},[44,105605,9728],{"class":58},[44,105607,2643],{"class":95},[44,105609,83],{"class":58},[44,105611,5108],{"class":95},[44,105613,83],{"class":58},[44,105615,632],{"class":95},[44,105617,83],{"class":58},[44,105619,38168],{"class":95},[44,105621,129],{"class":58},[44,105623,105624,105626,105628,105630,105632,105634],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105625,1953],{"class":50},[44,105627,55],{"class":54},[44,105629,16089],{"class":2248},[44,105631,120],{"class":58},[44,105633,5860],{"class":116},[44,105635,129],{"class":58},[44,105637,105638],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,105639,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,105641,105642,105644,105646,105648],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,105643,136],{"class":135},[44,105645,120],{"class":58},[44,105647,1984],{"class":116},[44,105649,129],{"class":58},[20,105651,2576],{},[35,105653,105655],{"className":37,"code":105654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105656,105657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105658,105659,105661,105663,105665,105667,105669,105671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105660,9770],{"class":58},[44,105662,2643],{"class":95},[44,105664,83],{"class":58},[44,105666,632],{"class":95},[44,105668,83],{"class":58},[44,105670,38168],{"class":95},[44,105672,99],{"class":58},[981,105674,105676],{"id":105675},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105678,51365,105679,105681],{},[15,105680,4301],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[35,105683,105685],{"className":37,"code":105684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105686,105687,105699,105713,105717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105688,105689,105691,105693,105695,105697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105690,34915],{"class":50},[44,105692,55],{"class":54},[44,105694,75],{"class":62},[44,105696,4591],{"class":66},[44,105698,3865],{"class":62},[44,105700,105701,105703,105705,105707,105709,105711],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105702,1953],{"class":50},[44,105704,55],{"class":54},[44,105706,16089],{"class":2248},[44,105708,120],{"class":58},[44,105710,34936],{"class":116},[44,105712,129],{"class":58},[44,105714,105715],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,105716,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,105718,105719,105721,105723,105725],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,105720,136],{"class":135},[44,105722,120],{"class":58},[44,105724,1984],{"class":116},[44,105726,129],{"class":58},[20,105728,30254],{},[35,105730,105732],{"className":37,"code":105731,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105733,105734],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105735,105736,105738,105740,105742,105744,105746,105748,105750,105752,105754,105756,105758,105760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105737,9770],{"class":58},[44,105739,2197],{"class":62},[44,105741,639],{"class":66},[44,105743,2197],{"class":62},[44,105745,83],{"class":58},[44,105747,2232],{"class":62},[44,105749,625],{"class":66},[44,105751,2197],{"class":62},[44,105753,83],{"class":58},[44,105755,2232],{"class":62},[44,105757,76272],{"class":66},[44,105759,2197],{"class":62},[44,105761,99],{"class":58},[20,105763,105764],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[981,105766,105768],{"id":105767},"from-range","From range()",[35,105770,105772],{"className":37,"code":105771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105773,105774,105792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105775,105776,105778,105780,105782,105784,105786,105788,105790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105777,1953],{"class":50},[44,105779,55],{"class":54},[44,105781,16089],{"class":2248},[44,105783,120],{"class":58},[44,105785,60239],{"class":135},[44,105787,120],{"class":58},[44,105789,2643],{"class":95},[44,105791,2239],{"class":58},[44,105793,105794,105796,105798,105800],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105795,136],{"class":135},[44,105797,120],{"class":58},[44,105799,1984],{"class":116},[44,105801,129],{"class":58},[20,105803,2576],{},[35,105805,105807],{"className":37,"code":105806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105808,105809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105810,105811,105813,105815,105817,105819,105821,105823,105825,105827,105829,105831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105812,9770],{"class":58},[44,105814,2626],{"class":95},[44,105816,83],{"class":58},[44,105818,1703],{"class":95},[44,105820,83],{"class":58},[44,105822,1717],{"class":95},[44,105824,83],{"class":58},[44,105826,2955],{"class":95},[44,105828,83],{"class":58},[44,105830,2961],{"class":95},[44,105832,99],{"class":58},[30,105834,105836],{"id":105835},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105838,99770,105839,113],{},[590,105840,96616],{},[20,105842,105843],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105845,99776],{},[252,105847,105848,105852,105856,105860],{},[255,105849,105850],{},[15,105851,2694],{},[255,105853,105854],{},[15,105855,3950],{},[255,105857,105858],{},[15,105859,2698],{},[255,105861,105862,105864],{},[15,105863,49190],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105866,269],{},[35,105868,105870],{"className":37,"code":105869,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105871,105872,105903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105873,105874,105876,105878,105880,105882,105884,105886,105888,105890,105892,105894,105896,105898,105900],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105875,8276],{"class":50},[44,105877,55],{"class":54},[44,105879,59],{"class":58},[44,105881,1588],{"class":95},[44,105883,83],{"class":58},[44,105885,75],{"class":62},[44,105887,4349],{"class":66},[44,105889,63],{"class":62},[44,105891,83],{"class":58},[44,105893,9728],{"class":58},[44,105895,1559],{"class":95},[44,105897,83],{"class":58},[44,105899,646],{"class":95},[44,105901,105902],{"class":58},")}\n",[44,105904,105905,105907,105909,105911],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105906,136],{"class":135},[44,105908,120],{"class":58},[44,105910,8305],{"class":116},[44,105912,129],{"class":58},[20,105914,99838,105915,105917],{},[590,105916,592],{}," work inside a set:",[252,105919,105920,105924,105928],{},[255,105921,105922],{},[15,105923,8588],{},[255,105925,105926],{},[15,105927,9317],{},[255,105929,105930],{},[15,105931,6788],{},[20,105933,97341],{},[35,105935,105937],{"className":37,"code":105936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105938,105939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105940,105941,105943,105945,105947,105949,105951,105953,105955,105957,105959,105961,105963],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105942,99857],{"class":50},[44,105944,55],{"class":54},[44,105946,99862],{"class":58},[44,105948,1588],{"class":95},[44,105950,83],{"class":58},[44,105952,1717],{"class":95},[44,105954,18514],{"class":58},[44,105956,1556],{"class":58},[44,105958,2567],{"class":95},[44,105960,83],{"class":58},[44,105962,2961],{"class":95},[44,105964,14165],{"class":58},[20,105966,77100,105967,105969],{},[15,105968,3511],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105971,105972],{},"A safer example:",[35,105974,105976],{"className":37,"code":105975,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105977,105978,106006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105979,105980,105983,105985,105988,105990,105992,105994,105996,105998,106000,106002,106004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105981,105982],{"class":50},"good_set ",[44,105984,55],{"class":54},[44,105986,105987],{"class":58}," {(",[44,105989,1588],{"class":95},[44,105991,83],{"class":58},[44,105993,1717],{"class":95},[44,105995,9725],{"class":58},[44,105997,9728],{"class":58},[44,105999,2567],{"class":95},[44,106001,83],{"class":58},[44,106003,2961],{"class":95},[44,106005,105902],{"class":58},[44,106007,106008,106010,106012,106015],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106009,136],{"class":135},[44,106011,120],{"class":58},[44,106013,106014],{"class":116},"good_set",[44,106016,129],{"class":58},[20,106018,2576],{},[35,106020,106022],{"className":37,"code":106021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,106023,106024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106025,106026,106029,106031,106033,106035,106037,106039,106041,106043,106045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106027,106028],{"class":58},"{(",[44,106030,1588],{"class":95},[44,106032,83],{"class":58},[44,106034,1717],{"class":95},[44,106036,9725],{"class":58},[44,106038,9728],{"class":58},[44,106040,2567],{"class":95},[44,106042,83],{"class":58},[44,106044,2961],{"class":95},[44,106046,105902],{"class":58},[30,106048,106050],{"id":106049},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,106052,227,106053,776],{},[15,106054,4301],{},[252,106056,106057,106060,106065,106068],{},[255,106058,106059],{},"you need unique values only",[255,106061,106062,106063],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,106064,4385],{},[255,106066,106067],{},"order does not matter",[255,106069,106070],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,106072,106073],{},"Example of membership checking:",[35,106075,106077],{"className":37,"code":106076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,106078,106079,106104,106108,106124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106080,106081,106084,106086,106088,106090,106092,106094,106097,106099,106102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106082,106083],{"class":50},"allowed_ids ",[44,106085,55],{"class":54},[44,106087,16089],{"class":2248},[44,106089,3492],{"class":58},[44,106091,46828],{"class":95},[44,106093,83],{"class":58},[44,106095,106096],{"class":95}," 102",[44,106098,83],{"class":58},[44,106100,106101],{"class":95}," 103",[44,106103,4391],{"class":58},[44,106105,106106],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106107,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,106109,106110,106112,106114,106117,106119,106122],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,106111,136],{"class":135},[44,106113,120],{"class":58},[44,106115,106116],{"class":95},"102",[44,106118,1354],{"class":1140},[44,106120,106121],{"class":116}," allowed_ids",[44,106123,129],{"class":58},[44,106125,106126,106128,106130,106133,106135,106137],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,106127,136],{"class":135},[44,106129,120],{"class":58},[44,106131,106132],{"class":95},"999",[44,106134,1354],{"class":1140},[44,106136,106121],{"class":116},[44,106138,129],{"class":58},[20,106140,2576],{},[35,106142,106143],{"className":37,"code":44409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106144,106145,106149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106146,106147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106148,4482],{"class":1266},[44,106150,106151],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106152,4543],{"class":1266},[20,106154,106155],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[30,106157,106159],{"id":106158},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,106161,106162],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[981,106164,227,106166,98467],{"id":106165},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,106167,4301],{},[35,106169,106170],{"className":37,"code":98528,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106171,106172,106182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106173,106174,106176,106178,106180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106175,98535],{"class":50},[44,106177,55],{"class":54},[44,106179,16089],{"class":2248},[44,106181,9138],{"class":58},[44,106183,106184,106186,106188,106190,106192,106194],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106185,136],{"class":135},[44,106187,120],{"class":58},[44,106189,2249],{"class":2248},[44,106191,120],{"class":58},[44,106193,98554],{"class":116},[44,106195,2239],{"class":58},[20,106197,2576],{},[35,106199,106200],{"className":37,"code":9348,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106201,106202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106203,106204,106206,106208,106210,106212,106214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106205,3797],{"class":54},[44,106207,3800],{"class":2570},[44,106209,2232],{"class":62},[44,106211,6788],{"class":66},[44,106213,2197],{"class":62},[44,106215,3809],{"class":54},[981,106217,227,106219,106221],{"id":106218},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106220,100527],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[35,106223,106225],{"className":37,"code":106224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106226,106227,106247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106228,106229,106231,106233,106235,106237,106239,106241,106243,106245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106230,1551],{"class":50},[44,106232,55],{"class":54},[44,106234,59],{"class":58},[44,106236,1588],{"class":95},[44,106238,83],{"class":58},[44,106240,1717],{"class":95},[44,106242,83],{"class":58},[44,106244,2955],{"class":95},[44,106246,99],{"class":58},[44,106248,106249,106251,106253,106255,106257,106259],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106250,136],{"class":135},[44,106252,120],{"class":58},[44,106254,2249],{"class":2248},[44,106256,120],{"class":58},[44,106258,1579],{"class":116},[44,106260,2239],{"class":58},[20,106262,2576],{},[35,106264,106265],{"className":37,"code":9348,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106266,106267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106268,106269,106271,106273,106275,106277,106279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106270,3797],{"class":54},[44,106272,3800],{"class":2570},[44,106274,2232],{"class":62},[44,106276,6788],{"class":66},[44,106278,2197],{"class":62},[44,106280,3809],{"class":54},[981,106282,227,106284,106286],{"id":106283},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106285,4296],{}," for an empty dictionary",[35,106288,106290],{"className":37,"code":106289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106291,106292,106301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106293,106294,106297,106299],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106295,106296],{"class":50},"empty_dict ",[44,106298,55],{"class":54},[44,106300,10325],{"class":58},[44,106302,106303,106305,106307,106309,106311,106314],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106304,136],{"class":135},[44,106306,120],{"class":58},[44,106308,2249],{"class":2248},[44,106310,120],{"class":58},[44,106312,106313],{"class":116},"empty_dict",[44,106315,2239],{"class":58},[20,106317,2576],{},[35,106319,106320],{"className":37,"code":9304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106321,106322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106323,106324,106326,106328,106330,106332,106334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106325,3797],{"class":54},[44,106327,3800],{"class":2570},[44,106329,2232],{"class":62},[44,106331,9317],{"class":66},[44,106333,2197],{"class":62},[44,106335,3809],{"class":54},[20,106337,106338],{},"So the rule is simple:",[252,106340,106341,106346,106351],{},[255,106342,106343,106345],{},[15,106344,4301],{}," → empty set",[255,106347,106348,106350],{},[15,106349,100527],{}," → non-empty set",[255,106352,106353,106355],{},[15,106354,4296],{}," → empty dictionary",[30,106357,3335],{"id":3334},[20,106359,106360,106361,113],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106362,4301],{},[981,106364,1785,106365,100125],{"id":100122},[15,106366,4296],{},[20,106368,106369],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[35,106371,106372],{"className":37,"code":100131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106373,106374,106382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106375,106376,106378,106380],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106377,1244],{"class":50},[44,106379,55],{"class":54},[44,106381,10325],{"class":58},[44,106383,106384,106386,106388,106390,106392,106394],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106385,136],{"class":135},[44,106387,120],{"class":58},[44,106389,2249],{"class":2248},[44,106391,120],{"class":58},[44,106393,1282],{"class":116},[44,106395,2239],{"class":58},[981,106397,106399,106400],{"id":106398},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106401,106402],{},"set(5)",[20,106404,106405,106407],{},[15,106406,4301],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[35,106409,106411],{"className":37,"code":106410,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set(5)\n",[15,106412,106413],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106414,106415,106417,106419,106421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106416,6788],{"class":2248},[44,106418,120],{"class":58},[44,106420,2643],{"class":95},[44,106422,129],{"class":58},[20,106424,3508,106425,106427,106428,113],{},[15,106426,3511],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[625,106429,106431],{"href":106430},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[981,106433,106435],{"id":106434},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106437,106438],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[35,106440,106442],{"className":37,"code":106441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106443,106444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106445,106446,106448,106450,106452,106454,106456,106458,106460,106462,106464,106466,106468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106447,1244],{"class":50},[44,106449,55],{"class":54},[44,106451,99862],{"class":58},[44,106453,1588],{"class":95},[44,106455,83],{"class":58},[44,106457,1717],{"class":95},[44,106459,18514],{"class":58},[44,106461,1556],{"class":58},[44,106463,2567],{"class":95},[44,106465,83],{"class":58},[44,106467,2961],{"class":95},[44,106469,14165],{"class":58},[981,106471,1904,106473,106475],{"id":106472},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106474,4301],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106477,106478],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[981,106480,37435,106482,9200,106484,3384,106486],{"id":106481},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106483,4301],{},[15,106485,25220],{},[15,106487,9613],{},[20,106489,106490],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[30,106492,60951],{"id":60950},[20,106494,11592],{},[35,106496,106498],{"className":37,"code":106497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106499,106500,106515,106525,106539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106501,106502,106504,106506,106508,106510,106513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106503,136],{"class":135},[44,106505,120],{"class":58},[44,106507,2249],{"class":2248},[44,106509,120],{"class":58},[44,106511,106512],{"class":116},"my_value",[44,106514,2239],{"class":58},[44,106516,106517,106519,106521,106523],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106518,136],{"class":135},[44,106520,120],{"class":58},[44,106522,106512],{"class":116},[44,106524,129],{"class":58},[44,106526,106527,106529,106531,106533,106535,106537],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,106528,136],{"class":135},[44,106530,120],{"class":58},[44,106532,8588],{"class":2248},[44,106534,120],{"class":58},[44,106536,16122],{"class":116},[44,106538,2239],{"class":58},[44,106540,106541,106543,106545,106547,106549,106551],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,106542,136],{"class":135},[44,106544,120],{"class":58},[44,106546,11641],{"class":135},[44,106548,120],{"class":58},[44,106550,16122],{"class":116},[44,106552,2239],{"class":58},[20,106554,106555],{},"What they help you see:",[252,106557,106558,106564,106569,106575],{},[255,106559,106560,106563],{},[15,106561,106562],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[255,106565,106566,90791],{},[15,106567,106568],{},"print(my_value)",[255,106570,106571,106574],{},[15,106572,106573],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[255,106576,106577,106580],{},[15,106578,106579],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[30,106582,2301],{"id":2300},[981,106584,106586],{"id":106585},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106588,106589],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[981,106591,106593],{"id":106592},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106595,227,106596,106598,106599,106601],{},[15,106597,4301],{},". Do not use ",[15,106600,4296],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[981,106603,106605],{"id":106604},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106607,106608],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[981,106610,106612],{"id":106611},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106614,106615],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106617,269],{},[35,106619,106621],{"className":37,"code":106620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106622,106623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106624,106625,106627,106629,106631,106633,106635,106637,106639],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106626,136],{"class":135},[44,106628,120],{"class":58},[44,106630,6788],{"class":2248},[44,106632,120],{"class":58},[44,106634,63],{"class":62},[44,106636,4582],{"class":66},[44,106638,63],{"class":62},[44,106640,2239],{"class":58},[20,106642,30254],{},[35,106644,106646],{"className":37,"code":106645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106647,106648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106649,106650,106652,106654,106656,106658,106660,106662,106664,106666,106668,106670,106672,106674,106676,106678,106680,106682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106651,9770],{"class":58},[44,106653,2197],{"class":62},[44,106655,625],{"class":66},[44,106657,2197],{"class":62},[44,106659,83],{"class":58},[44,106661,2232],{"class":62},[44,106663,20],{"class":66},[44,106665,2197],{"class":62},[44,106667,83],{"class":58},[44,106669,2232],{"class":62},[44,106671,60697],{"class":66},[44,106673,2197],{"class":62},[44,106675,83],{"class":58},[44,106677,2232],{"class":62},[44,106679,60688],{"class":66},[44,106681,2197],{"class":62},[44,106683,99],{"class":58},[981,106685,5659,106687,106690],{"id":106686},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106688,106689],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106692,106693,28909,106695,106698],{},[15,106694,4301],{},[590,106696,106697],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106700,106701],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[35,106703,106705],{"className":37,"code":106704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106706,106707],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106708,106709,106711,106713,106715,106717,106719,106721,106723,106725,106727,106729,106731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106710,136],{"class":135},[44,106712,120],{"class":58},[44,106714,6788],{"class":2248},[44,106716,3492],{"class":58},[44,106718,1588],{"class":95},[44,106720,83],{"class":58},[44,106722,1717],{"class":95},[44,106724,83],{"class":58},[44,106726,2955],{"class":95},[44,106728,83],{"class":58},[44,106730,2961],{"class":95},[44,106732,3505],{"class":58},[30,106734,2375],{"id":2374},[252,106736,106737,106741,106745,106749,106753],{},[255,106738,106739],{},[625,106740,96573],{"href":96572},[255,106742,106743],{},[625,106744,104737],{"href":96576},[255,106746,106747],{},[625,106748,100589],{"href":105588},[255,106750,106751],{},[625,106752,105295],{"href":65089},[255,106754,106755],{},[625,106756,106431],{"href":106430},[2414,106758,106759],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":106761},[106762,106763,106764,106765,106766,106772,106773,106774,106782,106792,106793,106801],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":104913,"depth":102,"text":104914},{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":105298,"depth":102,"text":105299},{"id":105485,"depth":102,"text":105486,"children":106767},[106768,106769,106770,106771],{"id":105489,"depth":132,"text":105490},{"id":105591,"depth":132,"text":105592},{"id":105675,"depth":132,"text":105676},{"id":105767,"depth":132,"text":105768},{"id":105835,"depth":102,"text":105836},{"id":106049,"depth":102,"text":106050},{"id":106158,"depth":102,"text":106159,"children":106775},[106776,106778,106780],{"id":106165,"depth":132,"text":106777},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106218,"depth":132,"text":106779},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106283,"depth":132,"text":106781},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":106783},[106784,106785,106787,106788,106790],{"id":100122,"depth":132,"text":100630},{"id":106398,"depth":132,"text":106786},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106434,"depth":132,"text":106435},{"id":106472,"depth":132,"text":106789},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106481,"depth":132,"text":106791},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60950,"depth":102,"text":60951},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":106794},[106795,106796,106797,106798,106799],{"id":106585,"depth":132,"text":106586},{"id":106592,"depth":132,"text":106593},{"id":106604,"depth":132,"text":106605},{"id":106611,"depth":132,"text":106612},{"id":106686,"depth":132,"text":106800},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104795,"description":106802},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106809,"title":106810,"body":106811,"description":108326,"extension":2465,"meta":108327,"navigation":169,"path":108328,"seo":108329,"stem":108330,"__hash__":108331},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106812,"toc":108302},[106813,106819,106824,106827,106910,106915,106920,106925,106927,106940,106944,106946,106965,106968,106991,106994,107005,107007,107088,107090,107107,107109,107115,107118,107213,107215,107246,107248,107256,107258,107261,107372,107374,107399,107401,107423,107428,107433,107439,107548,107550,107566,107569,107572,107655,107657,107674,107682,107684,107688,107694,107785,107787,107820,107825,107832,107909,107911,107928,107934,107936,107940,107956,107959,107985,107987,108048,108050,108173,108175,108226,108232,108234,108239,108241,108247,108250,108254,108257,108261,108264,108274,108276,108299],[10,106814,4083,106816,18],{"id":106815},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106817,106818],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106820,2482,106821,106823],{},[15,106822,106818],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106825,106826],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[35,106828,106830],{"className":37,"code":106829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106831,106832,106852,106872,106876,106895,106905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106833,106834,106836,106838,106840,106842,106844,106846,106848,106850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106835,3058],{"class":50},[44,106837,55],{"class":54},[44,106839,59],{"class":58},[44,106841,1588],{"class":95},[44,106843,83],{"class":58},[44,106845,1717],{"class":95},[44,106847,83],{"class":58},[44,106849,2955],{"class":95},[44,106851,99],{"class":58},[44,106853,106854,106856,106858,106860,106862,106864,106866,106868,106870],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106855,3086],{"class":50},[44,106857,55],{"class":54},[44,106859,59],{"class":58},[44,106861,2561],{"class":95},[44,106863,83],{"class":58},[44,106865,2955],{"class":95},[44,106867,83],{"class":58},[44,106869,2961],{"class":95},[44,106871,99],{"class":58},[44,106873,106874],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,106875,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,106877,106878,106880,106882,106884,106886,106889,106891,106893],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,106879,1953],{"class":50},[44,106881,55],{"class":54},[44,106883,57127],{"class":50},[44,106885,113],{"class":58},[44,106887,106888],{"class":116},"intersection",[44,106890,120],{"class":58},[44,106892,639],{"class":116},[44,106894,129],{"class":58},[44,106896,106897,106899,106901,106903],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,106898,136],{"class":135},[44,106900,120],{"class":58},[44,106902,1984],{"class":116},[44,106904,129],{"class":58},[44,106906,106907],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,106908,106909],{"class":147},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106911,227,106912,106914],{},[15,106913,103036],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[30,106916,13459,106918,13462],{"id":106917},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106919,103036],{},[20,106921,106922,106924],{},[15,106923,103036],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106926,13515],{},[252,106928,106929,106932,106934,106937],{},[255,106930,106931],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[255,106933,100806],{},[255,106935,106936],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[255,106938,106939],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106941,96569,106942,113],{},[625,106943,96573],{"href":96572},[30,106945,392],{"id":391},[35,106947,106949],{"className":37,"code":106948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106950,106951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106952,106953,106955,106957,106959,106961,106963],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106954,100830],{"class":50},[44,106956,113],{"class":58},[44,106958,106888],{"class":116},[44,106960,120],{"class":58},[44,106962,100839],{"class":116},[44,106964,129],{"class":58},[20,106966,106967],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[35,106969,106971],{"className":37,"code":106970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106972,106973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106974,106975,106977,106979,106981,106983,106985,106987,106989],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106976,100830],{"class":50},[44,106978,113],{"class":58},[44,106980,106888],{"class":116},[44,106982,120],{"class":58},[44,106984,100839],{"class":116},[44,106986,83],{"class":58},[44,106988,100866],{"class":116},[44,106990,129],{"class":58},[20,106992,106993],{},"Important notes:",[252,106995,106996,106999,107002],{},[255,106997,106998],{},"The result is always a new set",[255,107000,107001],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[255,107003,107004],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,107006,269],{},[35,107008,107010],{"className":37,"code":107009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107011,107012,107036,107056,107060,107078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107013,107014,107016,107018,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032,107034],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107015,3058],{"class":50},[44,107017,55],{"class":54},[44,107019,59],{"class":58},[44,107021,1588],{"class":95},[44,107023,83],{"class":58},[44,107025,1717],{"class":95},[44,107027,83],{"class":58},[44,107029,2955],{"class":95},[44,107031,83],{"class":58},[44,107033,2961],{"class":95},[44,107035,99],{"class":58},[44,107037,107038,107040,107042,107044,107046,107048,107050,107052,107054],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107039,3086],{"class":50},[44,107041,55],{"class":54},[44,107043,59],{"class":58},[44,107045,2567],{"class":95},[44,107047,83],{"class":58},[44,107049,2961],{"class":95},[44,107051,83],{"class":58},[44,107053,5108],{"class":95},[44,107055,99],{"class":58},[44,107057,107058],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,107059,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,107061,107062,107064,107066,107068,107070,107072,107074,107076],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,107063,1953],{"class":50},[44,107065,55],{"class":54},[44,107067,57127],{"class":50},[44,107069,113],{"class":58},[44,107071,106888],{"class":116},[44,107073,120],{"class":58},[44,107075,639],{"class":116},[44,107077,129],{"class":58},[44,107079,107080,107082,107084,107086],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,107081,136],{"class":135},[44,107083,120],{"class":58},[44,107085,1984],{"class":116},[44,107087,129],{"class":58},[20,107089,2576],{},[35,107091,107093],{"className":37,"code":107092,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{3, 4}\n",[15,107094,107095],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107096,107097,107099,107101,107103,107105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107098,9770],{"class":58},[44,107100,2567],{"class":95},[44,107102,83],{"class":58},[44,107104,2961],{"class":95},[44,107106,99],{"class":58},[30,107108,583],{"id":582},[20,107110,107111,22413,107113,113],{},[15,107112,103036],{},[590,107114,6788],{},[20,107116,107117],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[35,107119,107121],{"className":37,"code":107120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,107122,107123,107143,107163,107167,107185,107189,107199],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107124,107125,107127,107129,107131,107133,107135,107137,107139,107141],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107126,3058],{"class":50},[44,107128,55],{"class":54},[44,107130,59],{"class":58},[44,107132,1588],{"class":95},[44,107134,83],{"class":58},[44,107136,1717],{"class":95},[44,107138,83],{"class":58},[44,107140,2955],{"class":95},[44,107142,99],{"class":58},[44,107144,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107146,3086],{"class":50},[44,107148,55],{"class":54},[44,107150,59],{"class":58},[44,107152,2561],{"class":95},[44,107154,83],{"class":58},[44,107156,2955],{"class":95},[44,107158,83],{"class":58},[44,107160,2961],{"class":95},[44,107162,99],{"class":58},[44,107164,107165],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,107166,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,107168,107169,107171,107173,107175,107177,107179,107181,107183],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,107170,1953],{"class":50},[44,107172,55],{"class":54},[44,107174,57127],{"class":50},[44,107176,113],{"class":58},[44,107178,106888],{"class":116},[44,107180,120],{"class":58},[44,107182,639],{"class":116},[44,107184,129],{"class":58},[44,107186,107187],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,107188,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,107190,107191,107193,107195,107197],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,107192,136],{"class":135},[44,107194,120],{"class":58},[44,107196,1984],{"class":116},[44,107198,129],{"class":58},[44,107200,107201,107203,107205,107207,107209,107211],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,107202,136],{"class":135},[44,107204,120],{"class":58},[44,107206,2249],{"class":2248},[44,107208,120],{"class":58},[44,107210,1984],{"class":116},[44,107212,2239],{"class":58},[20,107214,2576],{},[35,107216,107218],{"className":37,"code":107217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107219,107220,107232],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107221,107222,107224,107226,107228,107230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107223,9770],{"class":58},[44,107225,2561],{"class":95},[44,107227,83],{"class":58},[44,107229,2955],{"class":95},[44,107231,99],{"class":58},[44,107233,107234,107236,107238,107240,107242,107244],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107235,3797],{"class":54},[44,107237,3800],{"class":2570},[44,107239,2232],{"class":62},[44,107241,6788],{"class":66},[44,107243,2197],{"class":62},[44,107245,3809],{"class":54},[20,107247,86054],{},[252,107249,107250,107253],{},[255,107251,107252],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[255,107254,107255],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[30,107257,11952],{"id":11951},[20,107259,107260],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[35,107262,107264],{"className":37,"code":107263,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107265,107266,107299,107332,107336,107357,107361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107267,107268,107271,107273,107275,107277,107279,107281,107283,107285,107287,107289,107291,107293,107295,107297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107269,107270],{"class":50},"colors1 ",[44,107272,55],{"class":54},[44,107274,59],{"class":58},[44,107276,63],{"class":62},[44,107278,13556],{"class":66},[44,107280,63],{"class":62},[44,107282,83],{"class":58},[44,107284,75],{"class":62},[44,107286,13573],{"class":66},[44,107288,63],{"class":62},[44,107290,83],{"class":58},[44,107292,75],{"class":62},[44,107294,17907],{"class":66},[44,107296,63],{"class":62},[44,107298,99],{"class":58},[44,107300,107301,107304,107306,107308,107310,107312,107314,107316,107318,107320,107322,107324,107326,107328,107330],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107302,107303],{"class":50},"colors2 ",[44,107305,55],{"class":54},[44,107307,59],{"class":58},[44,107309,63],{"class":62},[44,107311,17907],{"class":66},[44,107313,63],{"class":62},[44,107315,83],{"class":58},[44,107317,75],{"class":62},[44,107319,22962],{"class":66},[44,107321,63],{"class":62},[44,107323,83],{"class":58},[44,107325,75],{"class":62},[44,107327,13573],{"class":66},[44,107329,63],{"class":62},[44,107331,99],{"class":58},[44,107333,107334],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,107335,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,107337,107338,107341,107343,107346,107348,107350,107352,107355],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,107339,107340],{"class":50},"common_colors ",[44,107342,55],{"class":54},[44,107344,107345],{"class":50}," colors1",[44,107347,113],{"class":58},[44,107349,106888],{"class":116},[44,107351,120],{"class":58},[44,107353,107354],{"class":116},"colors2",[44,107356,129],{"class":58},[44,107358,107359],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,107360,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,107362,107363,107365,107367,107370],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,107364,136],{"class":135},[44,107366,120],{"class":58},[44,107368,107369],{"class":116},"common_colors",[44,107371,129],{"class":58},[20,107373,2576],{},[35,107375,107377],{"className":37,"code":107376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107378,107379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107380,107381,107383,107385,107387,107389,107391,107393,107395,107397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107382,9770],{"class":58},[44,107384,2197],{"class":62},[44,107386,13573],{"class":66},[44,107388,2197],{"class":62},[44,107390,83],{"class":58},[44,107392,2232],{"class":62},[44,107394,17907],{"class":66},[44,107396,2197],{"class":62},[44,107398,99],{"class":58},[20,107400,12158],{},[252,107402,107403,107409,107413,107418],{},[255,107404,107405,107408],{},[15,107406,107407],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[255,107410,107411,107408],{},[15,107412,107354],{},[255,107414,107415,107417],{},[15,107416,103036],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[255,107419,107420,107421],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107422,107369],{},[30,107424,1785,107426,101403],{"id":107425},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107427,103036],{},[20,107429,107430,107431,113],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107432,103036],{},[20,107434,107435,107436,107438],{},"Only the values found in ",[590,107437,4219],{}," inputs will be kept.",[35,107440,107442],{"className":37,"code":107441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107443,107444,107468,107492,107512,107516,107538],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107445,107446,107448,107450,107452,107454,107456,107458,107460,107462,107464,107466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107447,3058],{"class":50},[44,107449,55],{"class":54},[44,107451,59],{"class":58},[44,107453,1588],{"class":95},[44,107455,83],{"class":58},[44,107457,1717],{"class":95},[44,107459,83],{"class":58},[44,107461,2955],{"class":95},[44,107463,83],{"class":58},[44,107465,2961],{"class":95},[44,107467,99],{"class":58},[44,107469,107470,107472,107474,107476,107478,107480,107482,107484,107486,107488,107490],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107471,3086],{"class":50},[44,107473,55],{"class":54},[44,107475,59],{"class":58},[44,107477,2561],{"class":95},[44,107479,83],{"class":58},[44,107481,2955],{"class":95},[44,107483,83],{"class":58},[44,107485,2961],{"class":95},[44,107487,83],{"class":58},[44,107489,5108],{"class":95},[44,107491,99],{"class":58},[44,107493,107494,107496,107498,107500,107502,107504,107506,107508,107510],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,107495,83428],{"class":50},[44,107497,55],{"class":54},[44,107499,59],{"class":58},[44,107501,2567],{"class":95},[44,107503,83],{"class":58},[44,107505,2961],{"class":95},[44,107507,83],{"class":58},[44,107509,37875],{"class":95},[44,107511,99],{"class":58},[44,107513,107514],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,107515,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,107517,107518,107520,107522,107524,107526,107528,107530,107532,107534,107536],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,107519,1953],{"class":50},[44,107521,55],{"class":54},[44,107523,57127],{"class":50},[44,107525,113],{"class":58},[44,107527,106888],{"class":116},[44,107529,120],{"class":58},[44,107531,639],{"class":116},[44,107533,83],{"class":58},[44,107535,10169],{"class":116},[44,107537,129],{"class":58},[44,107539,107540,107542,107544,107546],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,107541,136],{"class":135},[44,107543,120],{"class":58},[44,107545,1984],{"class":116},[44,107547,129],{"class":58},[20,107549,2576],{},[35,107551,107552],{"className":37,"code":107092,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,107553,107554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107555,107556,107558,107560,107562,107564],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107557,9770],{"class":58},[44,107559,2567],{"class":95},[44,107561,83],{"class":58},[44,107563,2961],{"class":95},[44,107565,99],{"class":58},[20,107567,107568],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107570,107571],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[35,107573,107575],{"className":37,"code":107574,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107576,107577,107601,107605,107645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107578,107579,107581,107583,107585,107587,107589,107591,107593,107595,107597,107599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107580,3058],{"class":50},[44,107582,55],{"class":54},[44,107584,59],{"class":58},[44,107586,1588],{"class":95},[44,107588,83],{"class":58},[44,107590,1717],{"class":95},[44,107592,83],{"class":58},[44,107594,2955],{"class":95},[44,107596,83],{"class":58},[44,107598,2961],{"class":95},[44,107600,99],{"class":58},[44,107602,107603],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107604,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,107606,107607,107609,107611,107613,107615,107617,107619,107621,107623,107625,107627,107629,107631,107633,107635,107637,107639,107641,107643],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,107608,1953],{"class":50},[44,107610,55],{"class":54},[44,107612,57127],{"class":50},[44,107614,113],{"class":58},[44,107616,106888],{"class":116},[44,107618,3492],{"class":58},[44,107620,2561],{"class":95},[44,107622,83],{"class":58},[44,107624,2961],{"class":95},[44,107626,83],{"class":58},[44,107628,37875],{"class":95},[44,107630,18514],{"class":58},[44,107632,9728],{"class":58},[44,107634,1588],{"class":95},[44,107636,83],{"class":58},[44,107638,1717],{"class":95},[44,107640,83],{"class":58},[44,107642,2961],{"class":95},[44,107644,2239],{"class":58},[44,107646,107647,107649,107651,107653],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,107648,136],{"class":135},[44,107650,120],{"class":58},[44,107652,1984],{"class":116},[44,107654,129],{"class":58},[20,107656,2576],{},[35,107658,107660],{"className":37,"code":107659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107661,107662],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107663,107664,107666,107668,107670,107672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107665,9770],{"class":58},[44,107667,2561],{"class":95},[44,107669,83],{"class":58},[44,107671,2961],{"class":95},[44,107673,99],{"class":58},[30,107675,107677,967,107679],{"id":107676},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107678,103036],{},[15,107680,107681],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107683,101573],{},[981,107685,107686],{"id":106888},[15,107687,103036],{},[252,107689,107690,107692],{},[255,107691,101582],{},[255,107693,101585],{},[35,107695,107697],{"className":37,"code":107696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107698,107699,107719,107739,107743,107761,107765,107775],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107700,107701,107703,107705,107707,107709,107711,107713,107715,107717],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107702,3058],{"class":50},[44,107704,55],{"class":54},[44,107706,59],{"class":58},[44,107708,1588],{"class":95},[44,107710,83],{"class":58},[44,107712,1717],{"class":95},[44,107714,83],{"class":58},[44,107716,2955],{"class":95},[44,107718,99],{"class":58},[44,107720,107721,107723,107725,107727,107729,107731,107733,107735,107737],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107722,3086],{"class":50},[44,107724,55],{"class":54},[44,107726,59],{"class":58},[44,107728,2561],{"class":95},[44,107730,83],{"class":58},[44,107732,2955],{"class":95},[44,107734,83],{"class":58},[44,107736,2961],{"class":95},[44,107738,99],{"class":58},[44,107740,107741],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,107742,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,107744,107745,107747,107749,107751,107753,107755,107757,107759],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,107746,1953],{"class":50},[44,107748,55],{"class":54},[44,107750,57127],{"class":50},[44,107752,113],{"class":58},[44,107754,106888],{"class":116},[44,107756,120],{"class":58},[44,107758,639],{"class":116},[44,107760,129],{"class":58},[44,107762,107763],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,107764,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,107766,107767,107769,107771,107773],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,107768,136],{"class":135},[44,107770,120],{"class":58},[44,107772,625],{"class":116},[44,107774,129],{"class":58},[44,107776,107777,107779,107781,107783],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,107778,136],{"class":135},[44,107780,120],{"class":58},[44,107782,1984],{"class":116},[44,107784,129],{"class":58},[20,107786,2576],{},[35,107788,107790],{"className":37,"code":107789,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107791,107792,107808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107793,107794,107796,107798,107800,107802,107804,107806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107795,9770],{"class":58},[44,107797,1588],{"class":95},[44,107799,83],{"class":58},[44,107801,1717],{"class":95},[44,107803,83],{"class":58},[44,107805,2955],{"class":95},[44,107807,99],{"class":58},[44,107809,107810,107812,107814,107816,107818],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107811,9770],{"class":58},[44,107813,2561],{"class":95},[44,107815,83],{"class":58},[44,107817,2955],{"class":95},[44,107819,99],{"class":58},[981,107821,107823],{"id":107822},"intersection_update",[15,107824,107681],{},[252,107826,107827,107829],{},[255,107828,101725],{},[255,107830,107831],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[35,107833,107835],{"className":37,"code":107834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107836,107837,107857,107877,107881,107895,107899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107838,107839,107841,107843,107845,107847,107849,107851,107853,107855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107840,3058],{"class":50},[44,107842,55],{"class":54},[44,107844,59],{"class":58},[44,107846,1588],{"class":95},[44,107848,83],{"class":58},[44,107850,1717],{"class":95},[44,107852,83],{"class":58},[44,107854,2955],{"class":95},[44,107856,99],{"class":58},[44,107858,107859,107861,107863,107865,107867,107869,107871,107873,107875],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107860,3086],{"class":50},[44,107862,55],{"class":54},[44,107864,59],{"class":58},[44,107866,2561],{"class":95},[44,107868,83],{"class":58},[44,107870,2955],{"class":95},[44,107872,83],{"class":58},[44,107874,2961],{"class":95},[44,107876,99],{"class":58},[44,107878,107879],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,107880,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,107882,107883,107885,107887,107889,107891,107893],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,107884,625],{"class":50},[44,107886,113],{"class":58},[44,107888,107822],{"class":116},[44,107890,120],{"class":58},[44,107892,639],{"class":116},[44,107894,129],{"class":58},[44,107896,107897],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,107898,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,107900,107901,107903,107905,107907],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,107902,136],{"class":135},[44,107904,120],{"class":58},[44,107906,625],{"class":116},[44,107908,129],{"class":58},[20,107910,2576],{},[35,107912,107914],{"className":37,"code":107913,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107915,107916],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107917,107918,107920,107922,107924,107926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107919,9770],{"class":58},[44,107921,2561],{"class":95},[44,107923,83],{"class":58},[44,107925,2955],{"class":95},[44,107927,99],{"class":58},[20,107929,107930,107931,107933],{},"Choose ",[15,107932,103036],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[30,107935,1526],{"id":1525},[20,107937,15191,107938,72],{},[15,107939,103036],{},[252,107941,107942,107945,107948,107951],{},[255,107943,107944],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[255,107946,107947],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[255,107949,107950],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[255,107952,107953,107954],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107955,103036],{},[20,107957,107958],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[252,107960,107961,107966,107969,107982],{},[255,107962,1785,107963,107965],{},[15,107964,103036],{}," when order matters",[255,107967,107968],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[255,107970,37435,107971,9200,107973,3384,107978],{},[15,107972,103036],{},[625,107974,107976],{"href":107975},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107977,103044],{},[625,107979,107980],{"href":103085},[15,107981,100659],{},[255,107983,107984],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107986,30360],{},[35,107988,107990],{"className":37,"code":107989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107991,107992,108002,108016,108034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107993,107994,107996,107998,108000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107995,136],{"class":135},[44,107997,120],{"class":58},[44,107999,16122],{"class":116},[44,108001,129],{"class":58},[44,108003,108004,108006,108008,108010,108012,108014],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108005,136],{"class":135},[44,108007,120],{"class":58},[44,108009,2249],{"class":2248},[44,108011,120],{"class":58},[44,108013,1984],{"class":116},[44,108015,2239],{"class":58},[44,108017,108018,108020,108022,108024,108026,108028,108030,108032],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,108019,136],{"class":135},[44,108021,120],{"class":58},[44,108023,100830],{"class":116},[44,108025,113],{"class":58},[44,108027,106888],{"class":116},[44,108029,120],{"class":58},[44,108031,100839],{"class":116},[44,108033,2239],{"class":58},[44,108035,108036,108038,108040,108042,108044,108046],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,108037,136],{"class":135},[44,108039,120],{"class":58},[44,108041,11641],{"class":135},[44,108043,120],{"class":58},[44,108045,1984],{"class":116},[44,108047,2239],{"class":58},[20,108049,269],{},[35,108051,108053],{"className":37,"code":108052,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108054,108055,108079,108099,108103,108121,108125,108135,108145,108159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108056,108057,108059,108061,108063,108065,108067,108069,108071,108073,108075,108077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108058,1551],{"class":50},[44,108060,55],{"class":54},[44,108062,59],{"class":58},[44,108064,1588],{"class":95},[44,108066,83],{"class":58},[44,108068,1717],{"class":95},[44,108070,83],{"class":58},[44,108072,1717],{"class":95},[44,108074,83],{"class":58},[44,108076,2955],{"class":95},[44,108078,99],{"class":58},[44,108080,108081,108083,108085,108087,108089,108091,108093,108095,108097],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108082,43784],{"class":50},[44,108084,55],{"class":54},[44,108086,59],{"class":58},[44,108088,2561],{"class":95},[44,108090,83],{"class":58},[44,108092,2955],{"class":95},[44,108094,83],{"class":58},[44,108096,2961],{"class":95},[44,108098,99],{"class":58},[44,108100,108101],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,108102,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,108104,108105,108107,108109,108111,108113,108115,108117,108119],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,108106,1953],{"class":50},[44,108108,55],{"class":54},[44,108110,4767],{"class":50},[44,108112,113],{"class":58},[44,108114,106888],{"class":116},[44,108116,120],{"class":58},[44,108118,30968],{"class":116},[44,108120,129],{"class":58},[44,108122,108123],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,108124,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,108126,108127,108129,108131,108133],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,108128,136],{"class":135},[44,108130,120],{"class":58},[44,108132,1579],{"class":116},[44,108134,129],{"class":58},[44,108136,108137,108139,108141,108143],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,108138,136],{"class":135},[44,108140,120],{"class":58},[44,108142,1984],{"class":116},[44,108144,129],{"class":58},[44,108146,108147,108149,108151,108153,108155,108157],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,108148,136],{"class":135},[44,108150,120],{"class":58},[44,108152,2249],{"class":2248},[44,108154,120],{"class":58},[44,108156,1984],{"class":116},[44,108158,2239],{"class":58},[44,108160,108161,108163,108165,108167,108169,108171],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,108162,136],{"class":135},[44,108164,120],{"class":58},[44,108166,11641],{"class":135},[44,108168,120],{"class":58},[44,108170,1984],{"class":116},[44,108172,2239],{"class":58},[20,108174,2576],{},[35,108176,108178],{"className":37,"code":108177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108179,108180,108196,108208,108222],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108181,108182,108184,108186,108188,108190,108192,108194],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108183,9770],{"class":58},[44,108185,1588],{"class":95},[44,108187,83],{"class":58},[44,108189,1717],{"class":95},[44,108191,83],{"class":58},[44,108193,2955],{"class":95},[44,108195,99],{"class":58},[44,108197,108198,108200,108202,108204,108206],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108199,9770],{"class":58},[44,108201,2561],{"class":95},[44,108203,83],{"class":58},[44,108205,2955],{"class":95},[44,108207,99],{"class":58},[44,108209,108210,108212,108214,108216,108218,108220],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,108211,3797],{"class":54},[44,108213,3800],{"class":2570},[44,108215,2232],{"class":62},[44,108217,6788],{"class":66},[44,108219,2197],{"class":62},[44,108221,3809],{"class":54},[44,108223,108224],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,108225,17510],{"class":95},[20,108227,108228,108229,108231],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108230,2561],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[30,108233,2301],{"id":2300},[981,108235,2329,108237,102984],{"id":108236},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108238,103036],{},[20,108240,102987],{},[981,108242,5671,108244,108246],{"id":108243},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108245,103036],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108248,108249],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[981,108251,108253],{"id":108252},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108255,108256],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[981,108258,108260],{"id":108259},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108262,108263],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[35,108265,108266],{"className":37,"code":97703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,108267,108268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108269,108270,108272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108271,6788],{"class":2248},[44,108273,9138],{"class":58},[30,108275,2375],{"id":2374},[252,108277,108278,108282,108289,108295],{},[255,108279,108280],{},[625,108281,96573],{"href":96572},[255,108283,108284],{},[625,108285,4083,108286,11221],{"href":107975},[15,108287,108288],{},"set.union()",[255,108290,108291],{},[625,108292,4083,108293,11221],{"href":103085},[15,108294,100664],{},[255,108296,108297],{},[625,108298,100589],{"href":105588},[2414,108300,108301],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":108303},[108304,108306,108307,108308,108309,108311,108316,108317,108325],{"id":106917,"depth":102,"text":108305},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":582,"depth":102,"text":583},{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952},{"id":107425,"depth":102,"text":108310},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107676,"depth":102,"text":108312,"children":108313},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108314,108315],{"id":106888,"depth":132,"text":103036},{"id":107822,"depth":132,"text":107681},{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":108318},[108319,108321,108323,108324],{"id":108236,"depth":132,"text":108320},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108243,"depth":132,"text":108322},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108252,"depth":132,"text":108253},{"id":108259,"depth":132,"text":108260},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106810,"description":108326},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108333,"title":108334,"body":108335,"description":109571,"extension":2465,"meta":109572,"navigation":169,"path":109573,"seo":109574,"stem":109575,"__hash__":109576},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108336,"toc":109538},[108337,108342,108348,108357,108359,108434,108439,108454,108464,108469,108473,108486,108490,108492,108507,108509,108525,108527,108602,108606,108609,108611,108628,108633,108688,108693,108705,108709,108712,108813,108815,108856,108859,108863,108870,108872,108897,108900,108918,108925,108931,108934,109016,109023,109026,109106,109115,109118,109123,109127,109141,109190,109195,109199,109210,109259,109270,109275,109279,109291,109340,109351,109353,109357,109380,109382,109439,109441,109455,109457,109463,109469,109475,109484,109488,109495,109499,109507,109509,109535],[10,108338,96445,108340,18],{"id":108339},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108341,17],{},[20,108343,108344,108347],{},[15,108345,108346],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108349,108350,108351,108353,108354,108356],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[590,108352,592],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108355,17],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[30,108358,2507],{"id":2506},[35,108360,108362],{"className":37,"code":108361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108363,108364,108396,108410,108414,108424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108365,108366,108368,108370,108372,108374,108376,108378,108380,108382,108384,108386,108388,108390,108392,108394],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108367,8276],{"class":50},[44,108369,55],{"class":54},[44,108371,59],{"class":58},[44,108373,63],{"class":62},[44,108375,4582],{"class":66},[44,108377,63],{"class":62},[44,108379,83],{"class":58},[44,108381,75],{"class":62},[44,108383,4591],{"class":66},[44,108385,63],{"class":62},[44,108387,83],{"class":58},[44,108389,75],{"class":62},[44,108391,4600],{"class":66},[44,108393,63],{"class":62},[44,108395,99],{"class":58},[44,108397,108398,108400,108402,108404,108406,108408],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108399,70176],{"class":50},[44,108401,55],{"class":54},[44,108403,6467],{"class":50},[44,108405,113],{"class":58},[44,108407,117],{"class":116},[44,108409,9138],{"class":58},[44,108411,108412],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,108413,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,108415,108416,108418,108420,108422],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,108417,136],{"class":135},[44,108419,120],{"class":58},[44,108421,70199],{"class":116},[44,108423,129],{"class":58},[44,108425,108426,108428,108430,108432],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,108427,136],{"class":135},[44,108429,120],{"class":58},[44,108431,8305],{"class":116},[44,108433,129],{"class":58},[20,108435,108436],{},[590,108437,108438],{},"What this does:",[252,108440,108441,108446,108451],{},[255,108442,108443,108444],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108445,8305],{},[255,108447,108448,108449],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108450,70199],{},[255,108452,108453],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108455,108456,89205,108458,108460,108461,108463],{},[590,108457,84063],{},[15,108459,108346],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[590,108462,592],{}," chosen by index.",[30,108465,243,108467,246],{"id":108466},"what-setpop-does",[15,108468,108346],{},[20,108470,108471,72],{},[15,108472,108346],{},[252,108474,108475,108477,108480,108483],{},[255,108476,103287],{},[255,108478,108479],{},"Returns the removed item",[255,108481,108482],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[255,108484,108485],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108487,96569,108488,113],{},[625,108489,96573],{"href":97744},[30,108491,392],{"id":391},[35,108493,108495],{"className":37,"code":108494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108496,108497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108498,108499,108501,108503,108505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108500,16122],{"class":50},[44,108502,113],{"class":58},[44,108504,117],{"class":116},[44,108506,9138],{"class":58},[20,108508,13515],{},[252,108510,108511,108517,108522],{},[255,108512,108513,108514],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108515,108516],{},"my_set.pop()",[255,108518,108519,108520],{},"It takes ",[590,108521,28912],{},[255,108523,108524],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108526,269],{},[35,108528,108530],{"className":37,"code":108529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108531,108532,108564,108578,108582,108592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108533,108534,108536,108538,108540,108542,108544,108546,108548,108550,108552,108554,108556,108558,108560,108562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108535,13539],{"class":50},[44,108537,55],{"class":54},[44,108539,59],{"class":58},[44,108541,63],{"class":62},[44,108543,13556],{"class":66},[44,108545,63],{"class":62},[44,108547,83],{"class":58},[44,108549,75],{"class":62},[44,108551,13573],{"class":66},[44,108553,63],{"class":62},[44,108555,83],{"class":58},[44,108557,75],{"class":62},[44,108559,17907],{"class":66},[44,108561,63],{"class":62},[44,108563,99],{"class":58},[44,108565,108566,108568,108570,108572,108574,108576],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108567,28762],{"class":50},[44,108569,55],{"class":54},[44,108571,13587],{"class":50},[44,108573,113],{"class":58},[44,108575,117],{"class":116},[44,108577,9138],{"class":58},[44,108579,108580],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,108581,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,108583,108584,108586,108588,108590],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,108585,136],{"class":135},[44,108587,120],{"class":58},[44,108589,23749],{"class":116},[44,108591,129],{"class":58},[44,108593,108594,108596,108598,108600],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,108595,136],{"class":135},[44,108597,120],{"class":58},[44,108599,17954],{"class":116},[44,108601,129],{"class":58},[30,108603,108605],{"id":108604},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108607,108608],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108610,2613],{},[252,108612,108613,108619,108622],{},[255,108614,108615,108616,108618],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108617,17],{}," removes",[255,108620,108621],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[255,108623,108624,108625,108627],{},"You should not use ",[15,108626,17],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108629,10946,108630,108632],{},[590,108631,592],{}," valid:",[35,108634,108636],{"className":37,"code":108635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108637,108638,108670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108639,108640,108642,108644,108646,108648,108650,108652,108654,108656,108658,108660,108662,108664,108666,108668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108641,36469],{"class":50},[44,108643,55],{"class":54},[44,108645,59],{"class":58},[44,108647,63],{"class":62},[44,108649,4582],{"class":66},[44,108651,63],{"class":62},[44,108653,83],{"class":58},[44,108655,75],{"class":62},[44,108657,4591],{"class":66},[44,108659,63],{"class":62},[44,108661,83],{"class":58},[44,108663,75],{"class":62},[44,108665,4600],{"class":66},[44,108667,63],{"class":62},[44,108669,99],{"class":58},[44,108671,108672,108674,108676,108678,108680,108682,108684,108686],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108673,36521],{"class":50},[44,108675,113],{"class":58},[44,108677,117],{"class":116},[44,108679,120],{"class":58},[44,108681,63],{"class":62},[44,108683,4582],{"class":66},[44,108685,63],{"class":62},[44,108687,129],{"class":58},[20,108689,39886,108690,108692],{},[15,108691,108346],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108694,108695,108696,3384,108700,113],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[625,108697,108698],{"href":98454},[15,108699,103113],{},[625,108701,108703],{"href":108702},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108704,103104],{},[30,108706,108708],{"id":108707},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108710,108711],{},"Here is a simple example:",[35,108713,108715],{"className":37,"code":108714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108716,108717,108751,108755,108771,108775,108794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108718,108719,108722,108724,108726,108728,108730,108732,108734,108736,108738,108740,108742,108744,108747,108749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108720,108721],{"class":50},"animals ",[44,108723,55],{"class":54},[44,108725,59],{"class":58},[44,108727,63],{"class":62},[44,108729,37278],{"class":66},[44,108731,63],{"class":62},[44,108733,83],{"class":58},[44,108735,75],{"class":62},[44,108737,58367],{"class":66},[44,108739,63],{"class":62},[44,108741,83],{"class":58},[44,108743,75],{"class":62},[44,108745,108746],{"class":66},"rabbit",[44,108748,63],{"class":62},[44,108750,99],{"class":58},[44,108752,108753],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108754,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,108756,108757,108760,108762,108765,108767,108769],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,108758,108759],{"class":50},"removed_animal ",[44,108761,55],{"class":54},[44,108763,108764],{"class":50}," animals",[44,108766,113],{"class":58},[44,108768,117],{"class":116},[44,108770,9138],{"class":58},[44,108772,108773],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,108774,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,108776,108777,108779,108781,108783,108785,108787,108789,108792],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,108778,136],{"class":135},[44,108780,120],{"class":58},[44,108782,63],{"class":62},[44,108784,29180],{"class":66},[44,108786,63],{"class":62},[44,108788,83],{"class":58},[44,108790,108791],{"class":116}," removed_animal",[44,108793,129],{"class":58},[44,108795,108796,108798,108800,108802,108805,108807,108809,108811],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,108797,136],{"class":135},[44,108799,120],{"class":58},[44,108801,63],{"class":62},[44,108803,108804],{"class":66},"Updated set:",[44,108806,63],{"class":62},[44,108808,83],{"class":58},[44,108810,108764],{"class":116},[44,108812,129],{"class":58},[20,108814,30254],{},[35,108816,108818],{"className":37,"code":108817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108819,108820,108829],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108821,108822,108824,108826],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108823,29222],{"class":50},[44,108825,72],{"class":58},[44,108827,108828],{"class":50}," dog\n",[44,108830,108831,108834,108836,108838,108840,108842,108844,108846,108848,108850,108852,108854],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108832,108833],{"class":50},"Updated ",[44,108835,6788],{"class":2248},[44,108837,72],{"class":58},[44,108839,59],{"class":58},[44,108841,2197],{"class":62},[44,108843,37278],{"class":66},[44,108845,2197],{"class":62},[44,108847,83],{"class":58},[44,108849,2232],{"class":62},[44,108851,108746],{"class":66},[44,108853,2197],{"class":62},[44,108855,99],{"class":58},[20,108857,108858],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[30,108860,108862],{"id":108861},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108864,29874,108865,108867,108868,113],{},[15,108866,17],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108869,238],{},[20,108871,269],{},[35,108873,108875],{"className":37,"code":108874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108876,108877,108887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108878,108879,108881,108883,108885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108880,8276],{"class":50},[44,108882,55],{"class":54},[44,108884,16089],{"class":2248},[44,108886,9138],{"class":58},[44,108888,108889,108891,108893,108895],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108890,8305],{"class":50},[44,108892,113],{"class":58},[44,108894,117],{"class":116},[44,108896,9138],{"class":58},[20,108898,108899],{},"This raises:",[35,108901,108903],{"className":37,"code":108902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108904,108905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108906,108907,108909,108911,108913,108916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108908,238],{"class":2248},[44,108910,72],{"class":58},[44,108912,2232],{"class":62},[44,108914,108915],{"class":66},"pop from an empty set",[44,108917,29924],{"class":62},[20,108919,108920,108921,108924],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[625,108922,108923],{"href":1521},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[981,108926,108928,108929],{"id":108927},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108930,17],{},[20,108932,108933],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[35,108935,108937],{"className":37,"code":108936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108938,108939,108949,108953,108961,108976,108995,109001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108940,108941,108943,108945,108947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108942,8276],{"class":50},[44,108944,55],{"class":54},[44,108946,16089],{"class":2248},[44,108948,9138],{"class":58},[44,108950,108951],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108952,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,108954,108955,108957,108959],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,108956,1345],{"class":1140},[44,108958,6467],{"class":50},[44,108960,1359],{"class":58},[44,108962,108963,108966,108968,108970,108972,108974],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,108964,108965],{"class":50},"    removed ",[44,108967,55],{"class":54},[44,108969,6467],{"class":50},[44,108971,113],{"class":58},[44,108973,117],{"class":116},[44,108975,9138],{"class":58},[44,108977,108978,108980,108982,108984,108986,108988,108990,108993],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,108979,1387],{"class":135},[44,108981,120],{"class":58},[44,108983,63],{"class":62},[44,108985,29180],{"class":66},[44,108987,63],{"class":62},[44,108989,83],{"class":58},[44,108991,108992],{"class":116}," removed",[44,108994,129],{"class":58},[44,108996,108997,108999],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,108998,1398],{"class":1140},[44,109000,1359],{"class":58},[44,109002,109003,109005,109007,109009,109012,109014],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,109004,1387],{"class":135},[44,109006,120],{"class":58},[44,109008,63],{"class":62},[44,109010,109011],{"class":66},"The set is empty.",[44,109013,63],{"class":62},[44,109015,129],{"class":58},[981,109017,227,109019,976,109021],{"id":109018},"use-try-and-except",[15,109020,30028],{},[15,109022,30059],{},[20,109024,109025],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[35,109027,109029],{"className":37,"code":109028,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,109030,109031,109041,109045,109051,109065,109083,109091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109032,109033,109035,109037,109039],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109034,8276],{"class":50},[44,109036,55],{"class":54},[44,109038,16089],{"class":2248},[44,109040,9138],{"class":58},[44,109042,109043],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109044,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,109046,109047,109049],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,109048,30028],{"class":1140},[44,109050,1359],{"class":58},[44,109052,109053,109055,109057,109059,109061,109063],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,109054,108965],{"class":50},[44,109056,55],{"class":54},[44,109058,6467],{"class":50},[44,109060,113],{"class":58},[44,109062,117],{"class":116},[44,109064,9138],{"class":58},[44,109066,109067,109069,109071,109073,109075,109077,109079,109081],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,109068,1387],{"class":135},[44,109070,120],{"class":58},[44,109072,63],{"class":62},[44,109074,29180],{"class":66},[44,109076,63],{"class":62},[44,109078,83],{"class":58},[44,109080,108992],{"class":116},[44,109082,129],{"class":58},[44,109084,109085,109087,109089],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,109086,30059],{"class":1140},[44,109088,30062],{"class":2248},[44,109090,1359],{"class":58},[44,109092,109093,109095,109097,109099,109102,109104],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,109094,1387],{"class":135},[44,109096,120],{"class":58},[44,109098,63],{"class":62},[44,109100,109101],{"class":66},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[44,109103,63],{"class":62},[44,109105,129],{"class":58},[30,109107,769,109109,967,109111,967,109113],{"id":109108},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,109110,17],{},[15,109112,55768],{},[15,109114,103099],{},[20,109116,109117],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[981,109119,227,109121],{"id":109120},"use-pop",[15,109122,17],{},[20,109124,227,109125,776],{},[15,109126,17],{},[252,109128,109129,109135,109138],{},[255,109130,109131,109132],{},"You want to remove ",[590,109133,109134],{},"any one item",[255,109136,109137],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[255,109139,109140],{},"You want the removed item returned",[35,109142,109144],{"className":37,"code":109143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,109145,109146,109166,109180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109147,109148,109150,109152,109154,109156,109158,109160,109162,109164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109149,1551],{"class":50},[44,109151,55],{"class":54},[44,109153,59],{"class":58},[44,109155,1588],{"class":95},[44,109157,83],{"class":58},[44,109159,1717],{"class":95},[44,109161,83],{"class":58},[44,109163,2955],{"class":95},[44,109165,99],{"class":58},[44,109167,109168,109170,109172,109174,109176,109178],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109169,1244],{"class":50},[44,109171,55],{"class":54},[44,109173,4767],{"class":50},[44,109175,113],{"class":58},[44,109177,117],{"class":116},[44,109179,9138],{"class":58},[44,109181,109182,109184,109186,109188],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,109183,136],{"class":135},[44,109185,120],{"class":58},[44,109187,1282],{"class":116},[44,109189,129],{"class":58},[981,109191,227,109193],{"id":109192},"use-remove",[15,109194,55768],{},[20,109196,227,109197,776],{},[15,109198,55768],{},[252,109200,109201,109207],{},[255,109202,109203,109204],{},"You want to delete a ",[590,109205,109206],{},"specific item",[255,109208,109209],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[35,109211,109213],{"className":37,"code":109212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109214,109215,109235,109249],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109216,109217,109219,109221,109223,109225,109227,109229,109231,109233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109218,1551],{"class":50},[44,109220,55],{"class":54},[44,109222,59],{"class":58},[44,109224,1588],{"class":95},[44,109226,83],{"class":58},[44,109228,1717],{"class":95},[44,109230,83],{"class":58},[44,109232,2955],{"class":95},[44,109234,99],{"class":58},[44,109236,109237,109239,109241,109243,109245,109247],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109238,1579],{"class":50},[44,109240,113],{"class":58},[44,109242,35022],{"class":116},[44,109244,120],{"class":58},[44,109246,2561],{"class":95},[44,109248,129],{"class":58},[44,109250,109251,109253,109255,109257],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,109252,136],{"class":135},[44,109254,120],{"class":58},[44,109256,1579],{"class":116},[44,109258,129],{"class":58},[20,109260,109261,109262,109264,109265,109269],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109263,55768],{}," raises an error. See the ",[625,109266,109267,11221],{"href":98454},[15,109268,103113],{}," for details.",[981,109271,227,109273],{"id":109272},"use-discard",[15,109274,103099],{},[20,109276,227,109277,776],{},[15,109278,103099],{},[252,109280,109281,109285],{},[255,109282,109203,109283],{},[590,109284,109206],{},[255,109286,109287,109288,109290],{},"You do ",[590,109289,592],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[35,109292,109294],{"className":37,"code":109293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109295,109296,109316,109330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109297,109298,109300,109302,109304,109306,109308,109310,109312,109314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109299,1551],{"class":50},[44,109301,55],{"class":54},[44,109303,59],{"class":58},[44,109305,1588],{"class":95},[44,109307,83],{"class":58},[44,109309,1717],{"class":95},[44,109311,83],{"class":58},[44,109313,2955],{"class":95},[44,109315,99],{"class":58},[44,109317,109318,109320,109322,109324,109326,109328],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109319,1579],{"class":50},[44,109321,113],{"class":58},[44,109323,103166],{"class":116},[44,109325,120],{"class":58},[44,109327,2643],{"class":95},[44,109329,129],{"class":58},[44,109331,109332,109334,109336,109338],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,109333,136],{"class":135},[44,109335,120],{"class":58},[44,109337,1579],{"class":116},[44,109339,129],{"class":58},[20,109341,109342,109343,109345,109346,109350],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109344,2643],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[625,109347,109348,11221],{"href":108702},[15,109349,103104],{}," for more examples.",[30,109352,3335],{"id":3334},[20,109354,71722,109355,72],{},[15,109356,108346],{},[252,109358,109359,109365,109370,109375],{},[255,109360,109361,109362],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109363,109364],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[255,109366,1904,109367,109369],{},[15,109368,17],{}," to remove the first or last item",[255,109371,29874,109372,109374],{},[15,109373,17],{}," on an empty set",[255,109376,1785,109377,109379],{},[15,109378,17],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109381,62536],{},[35,109383,109385],{"className":37,"code":109384,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109386,109387,109397,109411,109425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109388,109389,109391,109393,109395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109390,136],{"class":135},[44,109392,120],{"class":58},[44,109394,16122],{"class":116},[44,109396,129],{"class":58},[44,109398,109399,109401,109403,109405,109407,109409],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109400,136],{"class":135},[44,109402,120],{"class":58},[44,109404,11641],{"class":135},[44,109406,120],{"class":58},[44,109408,16122],{"class":116},[44,109410,2239],{"class":58},[44,109412,109413,109415,109417,109419,109421,109423],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,109414,136],{"class":135},[44,109416,120],{"class":58},[44,109418,2249],{"class":2248},[44,109420,120],{"class":58},[44,109422,16122],{"class":116},[44,109424,2239],{"class":58},[44,109426,109427,109429,109431,109433,109435,109437],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,109428,28762],{"class":50},[44,109430,55],{"class":54},[44,109432,97169],{"class":50},[44,109434,113],{"class":58},[44,109436,117],{"class":116},[44,109438,9138],{"class":58},[20,109440,26444],{},[252,109442,109443,109446,109449,109452],{},[255,109444,109445],{},"What values are in the set",[255,109447,109448],{},"Whether the set is empty",[255,109450,109451],{},"That the object is really a set",[255,109453,109454],{},"What value was actually removed",[30,109456,2301],{"id":2300},[981,109458,2329,109460,109462],{"id":109459},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109461,108346],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109464,109465,109466,109468],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109467,17],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[981,109470,109472,109473,2363],{"id":109471},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109474,108346],{},[20,109476,109477,109478,109480,109481,109483],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109479,17],{},", set ",[15,109482,17],{}," does not accept an index.",[981,109485,109487],{"id":109486},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109489,71891,109490,44865,109492,109494],{},[15,109491,238],{},[15,109493,17],{}," is called on an empty set.",[981,109496,109498],{"id":109497},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109500,227,109501,3384,109503,2037,109505,113],{},[15,109502,55768],{},[15,109504,103099],{},[15,109506,17],{},[30,109508,2375],{"id":2374},[252,109510,109511,109515,109521,109527,109531],{},[255,109512,109513],{},[625,109514,96573],{"href":97744},[255,109516,109517],{},[625,109518,97059,109519,11221],{"href":98454},[15,109520,55768],{},[255,109522,109523],{},[625,109524,97059,109525,11221],{"href":108702},[15,109526,103099],{},[255,109528,109529],{},[625,109530,1522],{"href":1521},[255,109532,109533],{},[625,109534,55754],{"href":55306},[2414,109536,109537],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":109539},[109540,109541,109543,109544,109545,109546,109552,109561,109562,109570],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":108466,"depth":102,"text":109542},"What set.pop() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":108604,"depth":102,"text":108605},{"id":108707,"depth":102,"text":108708},{"id":108861,"depth":102,"text":108862,"children":109547},[109548,109550],{"id":108927,"depth":132,"text":109549},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":109018,"depth":132,"text":109551},"Use try and except",{"id":109108,"depth":102,"text":109553,"children":109554},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109555,109557,109559],{"id":109120,"depth":132,"text":109556},"Use pop()",{"id":109192,"depth":132,"text":109558},"Use remove()",{"id":109272,"depth":132,"text":109560},"Use discard()",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":109563},[109564,109566,109568,109569],{"id":109459,"depth":132,"text":109565},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109471,"depth":132,"text":109567},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109486,"depth":132,"text":109487},{"id":109497,"depth":132,"text":109498},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108334,"description":109571},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109578,"title":109579,"body":109580,"description":110734,"extension":2465,"meta":110735,"navigation":169,"path":110736,"seo":110737,"stem":110738,"__hash__":110739},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109581,"toc":110702},[109582,109587,109592,109601,109603,109668,109672,109696,109703,109708,109712,109727,109730,109732,109751,109765,109768,109816,109820,109836,109838,109911,109915,109940,109946,109954,109958,109965,110020,110025,110042,110048,110054,110059,110067,110074,110078,110086,110141,110143,110160,110164,110171,110236,110240,110273,110275,110287,110294,110296,110301,110308,110310,110379,110383,110391,110393,110457,110461,110466,110513,110518,110586,110594,110601,110604,110610,110615,110619,110621,110624,110626,110631,110636,110642,110647,110654,110662,110668,110671,110673,110699],[10,109583,96445,109585,18],{"id":109584},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109586,55768],{},[20,109588,109589,109591],{},[15,109590,103113],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109593,109594,109595,109598,109599,113],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[590,109596,109597],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109600,238],{},[30,109602,2507],{"id":2506},[35,109604,109606],{"className":37,"code":109605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109607,109608,109640,109658],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109609,109610,109612,109614,109616,109618,109620,109622,109624,109626,109628,109630,109632,109634,109636,109638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109611,13539],{"class":50},[44,109613,55],{"class":54},[44,109615,59],{"class":58},[44,109617,63],{"class":62},[44,109619,13556],{"class":66},[44,109621,63],{"class":62},[44,109623,83],{"class":58},[44,109625,75],{"class":62},[44,109627,13573],{"class":66},[44,109629,63],{"class":62},[44,109631,83],{"class":58},[44,109633,75],{"class":62},[44,109635,17907],{"class":66},[44,109637,63],{"class":62},[44,109639,99],{"class":58},[44,109641,109642,109644,109646,109648,109650,109652,109654,109656],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109643,17954],{"class":50},[44,109645,113],{"class":58},[44,109647,35022],{"class":116},[44,109649,120],{"class":58},[44,109651,63],{"class":62},[44,109653,13573],{"class":66},[44,109655,63],{"class":62},[44,109657,129],{"class":58},[44,109659,109660,109662,109664,109666],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,109661,136],{"class":135},[44,109663,120],{"class":58},[44,109665,17954],{"class":116},[44,109667,129],{"class":58},[20,109669,109670],{},[590,109671,30254],{},[35,109673,109674],{"className":37,"code":103793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109675,109676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109677,109678,109680,109682,109684,109686,109688,109690,109692,109694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109679,9770],{"class":58},[44,109681,2197],{"class":62},[44,109683,13556],{"class":66},[44,109685,2197],{"class":62},[44,109687,83],{"class":58},[44,109689,2232],{"class":62},[44,109691,17907],{"class":66},[44,109693,2197],{"class":62},[44,109695,99],{"class":58},[20,109697,227,109698,109700,109701,113],{},[15,109699,55768],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109702,238],{},[30,109704,243,109706,246],{"id":109705},"what-setremove-does",[15,109707,103113],{},[20,109709,109710,72],{},[15,109711,103113],{},[252,109713,109714,109717,109719,109721],{},[255,109715,109716],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[255,109718,96560],{},[255,109720,96563],{},[255,109722,109723,109724,109726],{},"Raises ",[15,109725,238],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109728,109729],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[30,109731,392],{"id":391},[35,109733,109735],{"className":37,"code":109734,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109736,109737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109738,109739,109741,109743,109745,109747,109749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109740,16122],{"class":50},[44,109742,113],{"class":58},[44,109744,35022],{"class":116},[44,109746,120],{"class":58},[44,109748,1282],{"class":116},[44,109750,129],{"class":58},[252,109752,109753,109757,109762],{},[255,109754,109755,103335],{},[15,109756,16122],{},[255,109758,109759,109761],{},[15,109760,1282],{}," is the item to remove",[255,109763,109764],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109766,109767],{},"Here is a small example:",[35,109769,109770],{"className":37,"code":109212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109771,109772,109792,109806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109773,109774,109776,109778,109780,109782,109784,109786,109788,109790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109775,1551],{"class":50},[44,109777,55],{"class":54},[44,109779,59],{"class":58},[44,109781,1588],{"class":95},[44,109783,83],{"class":58},[44,109785,1717],{"class":95},[44,109787,83],{"class":58},[44,109789,2955],{"class":95},[44,109791,99],{"class":58},[44,109793,109794,109796,109798,109800,109802,109804],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109795,1579],{"class":50},[44,109797,113],{"class":58},[44,109799,35022],{"class":116},[44,109801,120],{"class":58},[44,109803,2561],{"class":95},[44,109805,129],{"class":58},[44,109807,109808,109810,109812,109814],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,109809,136],{"class":135},[44,109811,120],{"class":58},[44,109813,1579],{"class":116},[44,109815,129],{"class":58},[20,109817,109818],{},[590,109819,30254],{},[35,109821,109822],{"className":37,"code":101543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109823,109824],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109825,109826,109828,109830,109832,109834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109827,9770],{"class":58},[44,109829,1588],{"class":95},[44,109831,83],{"class":58},[44,109833,2955],{"class":95},[44,109835,99],{"class":58},[30,109837,11952],{"id":11951},[35,109839,109841],{"className":37,"code":109840,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109842,109843,109875,109879,109897,109901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109844,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855,109857,109859,109861,109863,109865,109867,109869,109871,109873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109846,36469],{"class":50},[44,109848,55],{"class":54},[44,109850,59],{"class":58},[44,109852,63],{"class":62},[44,109854,4582],{"class":66},[44,109856,63],{"class":62},[44,109858,83],{"class":58},[44,109860,75],{"class":62},[44,109862,4591],{"class":66},[44,109864,63],{"class":62},[44,109866,83],{"class":58},[44,109868,75],{"class":62},[44,109870,33447],{"class":66},[44,109872,63],{"class":62},[44,109874,99],{"class":58},[44,109876,109877],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109878,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,109880,109881,109883,109885,109887,109889,109891,109893,109895],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,109882,36521],{"class":50},[44,109884,113],{"class":58},[44,109886,35022],{"class":116},[44,109888,120],{"class":58},[44,109890,63],{"class":62},[44,109892,4591],{"class":66},[44,109894,63],{"class":62},[44,109896,129],{"class":58},[44,109898,109899],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,109900,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,109902,109903,109905,109907,109909],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,109904,136],{"class":135},[44,109906,120],{"class":58},[44,109908,36521],{"class":116},[44,109910,129],{"class":58},[20,109912,109913],{},[590,109914,30254],{},[35,109916,109918],{"className":37,"code":109917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109919,109920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109921,109922,109924,109926,109928,109930,109932,109934,109936,109938],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109923,9770],{"class":58},[44,109925,2197],{"class":62},[44,109927,4582],{"class":66},[44,109929,2197],{"class":62},[44,109931,83],{"class":58},[44,109933,2232],{"class":62},[44,109935,33447],{"class":66},[44,109937,2197],{"class":62},[44,109939,99],{"class":58},[20,109941,109942,109943,109945],{},"This removes ",[15,109944,65516],{}," from the set.",[20,109947,109948,109949,109951,109952,113],{},"A set does ",[590,109950,592],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[625,109953,96577],{"href":98128},[30,109955,109957],{"id":109956},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109959,109960,109961,52733,109963,113],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109962,55768],{},[15,109964,238],{},[35,109966,109968],{"className":37,"code":109967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109969,109970,110002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109971,109972,109974,109976,109978,109980,109982,109984,109986,109988,109990,109992,109994,109996,109998,110000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109973,13539],{"class":50},[44,109975,55],{"class":54},[44,109977,59],{"class":58},[44,109979,63],{"class":62},[44,109981,13556],{"class":66},[44,109983,63],{"class":62},[44,109985,83],{"class":58},[44,109987,75],{"class":62},[44,109989,13573],{"class":66},[44,109991,63],{"class":62},[44,109993,83],{"class":58},[44,109995,75],{"class":62},[44,109997,17907],{"class":66},[44,109999,63],{"class":62},[44,110001,99],{"class":58},[44,110003,110004,110006,110008,110010,110012,110014,110016,110018],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110005,17954],{"class":50},[44,110007,113],{"class":58},[44,110009,35022],{"class":116},[44,110011,120],{"class":58},[44,110013,63],{"class":62},[44,110015,22962],{"class":66},[44,110017,63],{"class":62},[44,110019,129],{"class":58},[20,110021,110022],{},[590,110023,110024],{},"Result:",[35,110026,110028],{"className":37,"code":110027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,110029,110030],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110031,110032,110034,110036,110038,110040],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110033,238],{"class":2248},[44,110035,72],{"class":58},[44,110037,2232],{"class":62},[44,110039,22962],{"class":66},[44,110041,29924],{"class":62},[20,110043,22627,110044,110047],{},[15,110045,110046],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,110049,110050,110051,110053],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,110052,55768],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,110055,110056,110057,113],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[625,110058,1522],{"href":1521},[30,110060,4702,110062,110064,110065],{"id":110061},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,110063,55768],{}," is different from ",[15,110066,103099],{},[20,110068,110069,976,110071,110073],{},[15,110070,55768],{},[15,110072,103099],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[981,110075,110076],{"id":35022},[15,110077,55768],{},[252,110079,110080,110083],{},[255,110081,110082],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[255,110084,110085],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[35,110087,110089],{"className":37,"code":110088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,110090,110091,110123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110092,110093,110095,110097,110099,110101,110103,110105,110107,110109,110111,110113,110115,110117,110119,110121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110094,36320],{"class":50},[44,110096,55],{"class":54},[44,110098,59],{"class":58},[44,110100,63],{"class":62},[44,110102,625],{"class":66},[44,110104,63],{"class":62},[44,110106,83],{"class":58},[44,110108,75],{"class":62},[44,110110,639],{"class":66},[44,110112,63],{"class":62},[44,110114,83],{"class":58},[44,110116,75],{"class":62},[44,110118,696],{"class":66},[44,110120,63],{"class":62},[44,110122,99],{"class":58},[44,110124,110125,110127,110129,110131,110133,110135,110137,110139],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110126,36373],{"class":50},[44,110128,113],{"class":58},[44,110130,35022],{"class":116},[44,110132,120],{"class":58},[44,110134,63],{"class":62},[44,110136,19217],{"class":66},[44,110138,63],{"class":62},[44,110140,129],{"class":58},[20,110142,108899],{},[35,110144,110146],{"className":37,"code":110145,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,110147,110148],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110149,110150,110152,110154,110156,110158],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110151,238],{"class":2248},[44,110153,72],{"class":58},[44,110155,2232],{"class":62},[44,110157,19217],{"class":66},[44,110159,29924],{"class":62},[981,110161,110162],{"id":103166},[15,110163,103099],{},[252,110165,110166,110168],{},[255,110167,110082],{},[255,110169,110170],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[35,110172,110174],{"className":37,"code":110173,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110175,110176,110208,110226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110177,110178,110180,110182,110184,110186,110188,110190,110192,110194,110196,110198,110200,110202,110204,110206],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110179,36320],{"class":50},[44,110181,55],{"class":54},[44,110183,59],{"class":58},[44,110185,63],{"class":62},[44,110187,625],{"class":66},[44,110189,63],{"class":62},[44,110191,83],{"class":58},[44,110193,75],{"class":62},[44,110195,639],{"class":66},[44,110197,63],{"class":62},[44,110199,83],{"class":58},[44,110201,75],{"class":62},[44,110203,696],{"class":66},[44,110205,63],{"class":62},[44,110207,99],{"class":58},[44,110209,110210,110212,110214,110216,110218,110220,110222,110224],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110211,36373],{"class":50},[44,110213,113],{"class":58},[44,110215,103166],{"class":116},[44,110217,120],{"class":58},[44,110219,63],{"class":62},[44,110221,19217],{"class":66},[44,110223,63],{"class":62},[44,110225,129],{"class":58},[44,110227,110228,110230,110232,110234],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,110229,136],{"class":135},[44,110231,120],{"class":58},[44,110233,36373],{"class":116},[44,110235,129],{"class":58},[20,110237,110238],{},[590,110239,2576],{},[35,110241,110243],{"className":37,"code":110242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110244,110245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110246,110247,110249,110251,110253,110255,110257,110259,110261,110263,110265,110267,110269,110271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110248,9770],{"class":58},[44,110250,2197],{"class":62},[44,110252,625],{"class":66},[44,110254,2197],{"class":62},[44,110256,83],{"class":58},[44,110258,2232],{"class":62},[44,110260,639],{"class":66},[44,110262,2197],{"class":62},[44,110264,83],{"class":58},[44,110266,2232],{"class":62},[44,110268,696],{"class":66},[44,110270,2197],{"class":62},[44,110272,99],{"class":58},[20,110274,19144],{},[252,110276,110277,110282],{},[255,110278,110279,110281],{},[15,110280,55768],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[255,110283,110284,110286],{},[15,110285,103099],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110288,110289,110290,113],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[625,110291,97059,110292,11221],{"href":108702},[15,110293,103099],{},[30,110295,1526],{"id":1525},[981,110297,1904,110299,97439],{"id":110298},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110300,55768],{},[20,110302,110303,110305,110306,113],{},[15,110304,55768],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110307,4282],{},[20,110309,17098],{},[35,110311,110313],{"className":37,"code":110312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110314,110315,110347,110369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110316,110317,110319,110321,110323,110325,110327,110329,110331,110333,110335,110337,110339,110341,110343,110345],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110318,13539],{"class":50},[44,110320,55],{"class":54},[44,110322,59],{"class":58},[44,110324,63],{"class":62},[44,110326,13556],{"class":66},[44,110328,63],{"class":62},[44,110330,83],{"class":58},[44,110332,75],{"class":62},[44,110334,13573],{"class":66},[44,110336,63],{"class":62},[44,110338,83],{"class":58},[44,110340,75],{"class":62},[44,110342,17907],{"class":66},[44,110344,63],{"class":62},[44,110346,99],{"class":58},[44,110348,110349,110351,110353,110355,110357,110359,110361,110363,110365,110367],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110350,13582],{"class":50},[44,110352,55],{"class":54},[44,110354,13587],{"class":50},[44,110356,113],{"class":58},[44,110358,35022],{"class":116},[44,110360,120],{"class":58},[44,110362,63],{"class":62},[44,110364,13573],{"class":66},[44,110366,63],{"class":62},[44,110368,129],{"class":58},[44,110370,110371,110373,110375,110377],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,110372,136],{"class":135},[44,110374,120],{"class":58},[44,110376,13606],{"class":116},[44,110378,129],{"class":58},[20,110380,110381],{},[590,110382,2576],{},[35,110384,110385],{"className":37,"code":12280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,110386,110387],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110388,110389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110390,12280],{"class":1266},[20,110392,17110],{},[35,110394,110395],{"className":37,"code":109605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,110396,110397,110429,110447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110398,110399,110401,110403,110405,110407,110409,110411,110413,110415,110417,110419,110421,110423,110425,110427],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110400,13539],{"class":50},[44,110402,55],{"class":54},[44,110404,59],{"class":58},[44,110406,63],{"class":62},[44,110408,13556],{"class":66},[44,110410,63],{"class":62},[44,110412,83],{"class":58},[44,110414,75],{"class":62},[44,110416,13573],{"class":66},[44,110418,63],{"class":62},[44,110420,83],{"class":58},[44,110422,75],{"class":62},[44,110424,17907],{"class":66},[44,110426,63],{"class":62},[44,110428,99],{"class":58},[44,110430,110431,110433,110435,110437,110439,110441,110443,110445],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110432,17954],{"class":50},[44,110434,113],{"class":58},[44,110436,35022],{"class":116},[44,110438,120],{"class":58},[44,110440,63],{"class":62},[44,110442,13573],{"class":66},[44,110444,63],{"class":62},[44,110446,129],{"class":58},[44,110448,110449,110451,110453,110455],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,110450,136],{"class":135},[44,110452,120],{"class":58},[44,110454,17954],{"class":116},[44,110456,129],{"class":58},[981,110458,110460],{"id":110459},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110462,110463,110464,113],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110465,238],{},[35,110467,110469],{"className":37,"code":110468,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110470,110471,110495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110472,110473,110475,110477,110479,110481,110483,110485,110487,110489,110491,110493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110474,13539],{"class":50},[44,110476,55],{"class":54},[44,110478,59],{"class":58},[44,110480,63],{"class":62},[44,110482,13556],{"class":66},[44,110484,63],{"class":62},[44,110486,83],{"class":58},[44,110488,75],{"class":62},[44,110490,13573],{"class":66},[44,110492,63],{"class":62},[44,110494,99],{"class":58},[44,110496,110497,110499,110501,110503,110505,110507,110509,110511],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110498,17954],{"class":50},[44,110500,113],{"class":58},[44,110502,35022],{"class":116},[44,110504,120],{"class":58},[44,110506,63],{"class":62},[44,110508,17907],{"class":66},[44,110510,63],{"class":62},[44,110512,129],{"class":58},[20,110514,110515,110516,72],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110517,4385],{},[35,110519,110521],{"className":37,"code":110520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110522,110523,110547,110551,110567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110524,110525,110527,110529,110531,110533,110535,110537,110539,110541,110543,110545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110526,13539],{"class":50},[44,110528,55],{"class":54},[44,110530,59],{"class":58},[44,110532,63],{"class":62},[44,110534,13556],{"class":66},[44,110536,63],{"class":62},[44,110538,83],{"class":58},[44,110540,75],{"class":62},[44,110542,13573],{"class":66},[44,110544,63],{"class":62},[44,110546,99],{"class":58},[44,110548,110549],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110550,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,110552,110553,110555,110557,110559,110561,110563,110565],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,110554,1345],{"class":1140},[44,110556,75],{"class":62},[44,110558,17907],{"class":66},[44,110560,63],{"class":62},[44,110562,1354],{"class":54},[44,110564,13587],{"class":50},[44,110566,1359],{"class":58},[44,110568,110569,110572,110574,110576,110578,110580,110582,110584],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,110570,110571],{"class":50},"    colors",[44,110573,113],{"class":58},[44,110575,35022],{"class":116},[44,110577,120],{"class":58},[44,110579,63],{"class":62},[44,110581,17907],{"class":66},[44,110583,63],{"class":62},[44,110585,129],{"class":58},[20,110587,110588,110589,110593],{},"Or use ",[625,110590,110591],{"href":108702},[15,110592,103099],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[981,110595,37435,110597,9200,110599],{"id":110596},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110598,103113],{},[15,110600,55314],{},[20,110602,110603],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110605,110606,110607,110609],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110608,103113],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110611,110612,110613,113],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[625,110614,99323],{"href":99322},[981,110616,110618],{"id":110617},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110620,108608],{},[20,110622,110623],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[30,110625,2301],{"id":2300},[981,110627,2329,110629,97538],{"id":110628},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110630,103113],{},[20,110632,110633,110634,113],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110635,4282],{},[981,110637,30512,110639,110641],{"id":110638},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110640,103113],{}," raise?",[20,110643,30518,110644,110646],{},[15,110645,238],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[981,110648,21860,110650,3384,110652,2363],{"id":110649},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110651,55768],{},[15,110653,103099],{},[20,110655,227,110656,110658,110659,110661],{},[15,110657,55768],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110660,103099],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[981,110663,5671,110665,110667],{"id":110664},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110666,103113],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110669,110670],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[30,110672,2375],{"id":2374},[252,110674,110675,110681,110687,110691,110695],{},[255,110676,110677],{},[625,110678,97059,110679,11221],{"href":108702},[15,110680,103099],{},[255,110682,110683],{},[625,110684,97059,110685,11221],{"href":98459},[15,110686,17],{},[255,110688,110689],{},[625,110690,97583],{"href":98128},[255,110692,110693],{},[625,110694,100589],{"href":99322},[255,110696,110697],{},[625,110698,1522],{"href":1521},[2414,110700,110701],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":110703},[110704,110705,110707,110708,110709,110710,110715,110723,110733],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":109705,"depth":102,"text":110706},"What set.remove() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952},{"id":109956,"depth":102,"text":109957},{"id":110061,"depth":102,"text":110711,"children":110712},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110713,110714],{"id":35022,"depth":132,"text":55768},{"id":103166,"depth":132,"text":103099},{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526,"children":110716},[110717,110719,110720,110722],{"id":110298,"depth":132,"text":110718},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110459,"depth":132,"text":110460},{"id":110596,"depth":132,"text":110721},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110617,"depth":132,"text":110618},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":110724},[110725,110727,110729,110731],{"id":110628,"depth":132,"text":110726},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110638,"depth":132,"text":110728},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110649,"depth":132,"text":110730},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110664,"depth":132,"text":110732},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109579,"description":110734},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110741,"title":110742,"body":110743,"description":112116,"extension":2465,"meta":112117,"navigation":169,"path":112118,"seo":112119,"stem":112120,"__hash__":112121},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110744,"toc":112091},[110745,110751,110757,110760,110763,110777,110779,110860,110863,110868,110872,110886,110893,110895,110914,110917,110935,110937,111017,111019,111044,111048,111051,111059,111064,111069,111071,111084,111089,111092,111116,111119,111127,111129,111132,111229,111231,111264,111266,111292,111299,111302,111306,111314,111318,111326,111328,111418,111420,111434,111441,111446,111451,111453,111544,111546,111558,111560,111574,111580,111588,111590,111672,111674,111719,111722,111730,111733,111735,111739,111782,111784,111804,111809,111811,111896,111898,111903,111905,111912,111920,111926,111929,111931,112017,112019,112043,112047,112050,112052,112079,112089],[10,110746,96445,110748,18],{"id":110747},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110749,110750],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110752,110753,110756],{},[15,110754,110755],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110758,110759],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110761,110762],{},"Use it when:",[252,110764,110765,110768,110774],{},[255,110766,110767],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[255,110769,110770,110771,110773],{},"you do ",[590,110772,592],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[255,110775,110776],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[30,110778,33],{"id":32},[35,110780,110782],{"className":37,"code":110781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110783,110784,110804,110824,110828,110847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110785,110786,110788,110790,110792,110794,110796,110798,110800,110802],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110787,3058],{"class":50},[44,110789,55],{"class":54},[44,110791,59],{"class":58},[44,110793,1588],{"class":95},[44,110795,83],{"class":58},[44,110797,1717],{"class":95},[44,110799,83],{"class":58},[44,110801,2955],{"class":95},[44,110803,99],{"class":58},[44,110805,110806,110808,110810,110812,110814,110816,110818,110820,110822],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110807,3086],{"class":50},[44,110809,55],{"class":54},[44,110811,59],{"class":58},[44,110813,2567],{"class":95},[44,110815,83],{"class":58},[44,110817,2961],{"class":95},[44,110819,83],{"class":58},[44,110821,5108],{"class":95},[44,110823,99],{"class":58},[44,110825,110826],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,110827,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,110829,110830,110832,110834,110836,110838,110841,110843,110845],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,110831,1953],{"class":50},[44,110833,55],{"class":54},[44,110835,57127],{"class":50},[44,110837,113],{"class":58},[44,110839,110840],{"class":116},"symmetric_difference",[44,110842,120],{"class":58},[44,110844,639],{"class":116},[44,110846,129],{"class":58},[44,110848,110849,110851,110853,110855,110857],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,110850,136],{"class":135},[44,110852,120],{"class":58},[44,110854,1984],{"class":116},[44,110856,144],{"class":58},[44,110858,110859],{"class":147},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110861,110862],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[30,110864,243,110866,246],{"id":110865},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110867,110750],{},[20,110869,110870,72],{},[15,110871,110755],{},[252,110873,110874,110877,110880,110883],{},[255,110875,110876],{},"returns a new set",[255,110878,110879],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[255,110881,110882],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[255,110884,110885],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110887,96569,110888,3384,110890,113],{},[625,110889,96573],{"href":96572},[625,110891,110892],{"href":96576},"creating a set in Python",[30,110894,392],{"id":391},[35,110896,110898],{"className":37,"code":110897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110899,110900],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110901,110902,110904,110906,110908,110910,110912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110903,100830],{"class":50},[44,110905,113],{"class":58},[44,110907,110840],{"class":116},[44,110909,120],{"class":58},[44,110911,100839],{"class":116},[44,110913,129],{"class":58},[20,110915,110916],{},"Notes:",[252,110918,110919,110924,110929,110932],{},[255,110920,110921,110923],{},[15,110922,100830],{}," must be a set",[255,110925,110926,110928],{},[15,110927,100839],{}," can be any iterable",[255,110930,110931],{},"the result is always a set",[255,110933,110934],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110936,269],{},[35,110938,110940],{"className":37,"code":110939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110941,110942,110963,110984,110988,111007],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110943,110944,110947,110949,110951,110953,110955,110957,110959,110961],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110945,110946],{"class":50},"set1 ",[44,110948,55],{"class":54},[44,110950,59],{"class":58},[44,110952,1588],{"class":95},[44,110954,83],{"class":58},[44,110956,1717],{"class":95},[44,110958,83],{"class":58},[44,110960,2955],{"class":95},[44,110962,99],{"class":58},[44,110964,110965,110968,110970,110972,110974,110976,110978,110980,110982],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110966,110967],{"class":50},"set2 ",[44,110969,55],{"class":54},[44,110971,59],{"class":58},[44,110973,2567],{"class":95},[44,110975,83],{"class":58},[44,110977,2961],{"class":95},[44,110979,83],{"class":58},[44,110981,5108],{"class":95},[44,110983,99],{"class":58},[44,110985,110986],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,110987,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,110989,110990,110992,110994,110997,110999,111001,111003,111005],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,110991,1953],{"class":50},[44,110993,55],{"class":54},[44,110995,110996],{"class":50}," set1",[44,110998,113],{"class":58},[44,111000,110840],{"class":116},[44,111002,120],{"class":58},[44,111004,100839],{"class":116},[44,111006,129],{"class":58},[44,111008,111009,111011,111013,111015],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,111010,136],{"class":135},[44,111012,120],{"class":58},[44,111014,1984],{"class":116},[44,111016,129],{"class":58},[20,111018,2576],{},[35,111020,111022],{"className":37,"code":111021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111023,111024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111025,111026,111028,111030,111032,111034,111036,111038,111040,111042],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111027,9770],{"class":58},[44,111029,1588],{"class":95},[44,111031,83],{"class":58},[44,111033,1717],{"class":95},[44,111035,83],{"class":58},[44,111037,2961],{"class":95},[44,111039,83],{"class":58},[44,111041,5108],{"class":95},[44,111043,99],{"class":58},[30,111045,111047],{"id":111046},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,111049,111050],{},"The result includes:",[252,111052,111053,111056],{},[255,111054,111055],{},"items only in the first set",[255,111057,111058],{},"items only in the second set",[20,111060,111061,111062,11563],{},"The result does ",[590,111063,592],{},[252,111065,111066],{},[255,111067,111068],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,111070,5973],{},[252,111072,111073,111078],{},[255,111074,111075,111076],{},"first set: ",[15,111077,100527],{},[255,111079,111080,111081],{},"second set: ",[15,111082,111083],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,111085,4552,111086,111088],{},[15,111087,2567],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,111090,111091],{},"The output is:",[35,111093,111094],{"className":37,"code":111021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,111095,111096],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111097,111098,111100,111102,111104,111106,111108,111110,111112,111114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111099,9770],{"class":58},[44,111101,1588],{"class":95},[44,111103,83],{"class":58},[44,111105,1717],{"class":95},[44,111107,83],{"class":58},[44,111109,2961],{"class":95},[44,111111,83],{"class":58},[44,111113,5108],{"class":95},[44,111115,99],{"class":58},[20,111117,111118],{},"Also remember:",[252,111120,111121,111124],{},[255,111122,111123],{},"sets are unordered",[255,111125,111126],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[30,111128,11952],{"id":11951},[20,111130,111131],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[35,111133,111135],{"className":37,"code":111134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111136,111137,111169,111193,111197,111215,111219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111138,111139,111141,111143,111145,111147,111149,111151,111153,111155,111157,111159,111161,111163,111165,111167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111140,107270],{"class":50},[44,111142,55],{"class":54},[44,111144,59],{"class":58},[44,111146,63],{"class":62},[44,111148,13556],{"class":66},[44,111150,63],{"class":62},[44,111152,83],{"class":58},[44,111154,75],{"class":62},[44,111156,13573],{"class":66},[44,111158,63],{"class":62},[44,111160,83],{"class":58},[44,111162,75],{"class":62},[44,111164,17907],{"class":66},[44,111166,63],{"class":62},[44,111168,99],{"class":58},[44,111170,111171,111173,111175,111177,111179,111181,111183,111185,111187,111189,111191],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111172,107303],{"class":50},[44,111174,55],{"class":54},[44,111176,59],{"class":58},[44,111178,63],{"class":62},[44,111180,17907],{"class":66},[44,111182,63],{"class":62},[44,111184,83],{"class":58},[44,111186,75],{"class":62},[44,111188,22962],{"class":66},[44,111190,63],{"class":62},[44,111192,99],{"class":58},[44,111194,111195],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,111196,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,111198,111199,111201,111203,111205,111207,111209,111211,111213],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,111200,1953],{"class":50},[44,111202,55],{"class":54},[44,111204,107345],{"class":50},[44,111206,113],{"class":58},[44,111208,110840],{"class":116},[44,111210,120],{"class":58},[44,111212,107354],{"class":116},[44,111214,129],{"class":58},[44,111216,111217],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,111218,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,111220,111221,111223,111225,111227],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,111222,136],{"class":135},[44,111224,120],{"class":58},[44,111226,1984],{"class":116},[44,111228,129],{"class":58},[20,111230,2576],{},[35,111232,111234],{"className":37,"code":111233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111235,111236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111237,111238,111240,111242,111244,111246,111248,111250,111252,111254,111256,111258,111260,111262],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111239,9770],{"class":58},[44,111241,2197],{"class":62},[44,111243,13556],{"class":66},[44,111245,2197],{"class":62},[44,111247,83],{"class":58},[44,111249,2232],{"class":62},[44,111251,13573],{"class":66},[44,111253,2197],{"class":62},[44,111255,83],{"class":58},[44,111257,2232],{"class":62},[44,111259,22962],{"class":66},[44,111261,2197],{"class":62},[44,111263,99],{"class":58},[20,111265,13869],{},[252,111267,111268,111273,111284],{},[255,111269,111270,111272],{},[15,111271,96738],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[255,111274,111275,976,111277,111280,111281,111283],{},[15,111276,65634],{},[15,111278,111279],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111282,107407],{},", so they stay",[255,111285,111286,111288,111289,111291],{},[15,111287,110046],{}," is only in ",[15,111290,107354],{},", so it stays",[30,111293,111295,967,111297],{"id":111294},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111296,110750],{},[15,111298,100659],{},[20,111300,111301],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111303,111304,72],{},[15,111305,100659],{},[252,111307,111308,111311],{},[255,111309,111310],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[255,111312,111313],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111315,111316,72],{},[15,111317,110750],{},[252,111319,111320,111323],{},[255,111321,111322],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[255,111324,111325],{},"removes shared items",[20,111327,269],{},[35,111329,111331],{"className":37,"code":111330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111332,111333,111353,111373,111377,111398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111334,111335,111337,111339,111341,111343,111345,111347,111349,111351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111336,3058],{"class":50},[44,111338,55],{"class":54},[44,111340,59],{"class":58},[44,111342,1588],{"class":95},[44,111344,83],{"class":58},[44,111346,1717],{"class":95},[44,111348,83],{"class":58},[44,111350,2955],{"class":95},[44,111352,99],{"class":58},[44,111354,111355,111357,111359,111361,111363,111365,111367,111369,111371],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111356,3086],{"class":50},[44,111358,55],{"class":54},[44,111360,59],{"class":58},[44,111362,2567],{"class":95},[44,111364,83],{"class":58},[44,111366,2961],{"class":95},[44,111368,83],{"class":58},[44,111370,5108],{"class":95},[44,111372,99],{"class":58},[44,111374,111375],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,111376,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,111378,111379,111381,111383,111385,111387,111389,111391,111393,111395],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,111380,136],{"class":135},[44,111382,120],{"class":58},[44,111384,625],{"class":116},[44,111386,113],{"class":58},[44,111388,3316],{"class":116},[44,111390,120],{"class":58},[44,111392,639],{"class":116},[44,111394,532],{"class":58},[44,111396,111397],{"class":147},"            # {1, 2}\n",[44,111399,111400,111402,111404,111406,111408,111410,111412,111414,111416],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,111401,136],{"class":135},[44,111403,120],{"class":58},[44,111405,625],{"class":116},[44,111407,113],{"class":58},[44,111409,110840],{"class":116},[44,111411,120],{"class":58},[44,111413,639],{"class":116},[44,111415,532],{"class":58},[44,111417,110859],{"class":147},[20,111419,19144],{},[252,111421,111422,111429],{},[255,111423,111424,111428],{},[625,111425,111426],{"href":103085},[15,111427,100659],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[255,111430,111431,111433],{},[15,111432,110750],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[30,111435,111437,967,111439],{"id":111436},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111438,110750],{},[15,111440,103044],{},[20,111442,111443,111445],{},[15,111444,103044],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111447,111448,111450],{},[15,111449,110750],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111452,269],{},[35,111454,111456],{"className":37,"code":111455,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111457,111458,111478,111498,111502,111524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111459,111460,111462,111464,111466,111468,111470,111472,111474,111476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111461,3058],{"class":50},[44,111463,55],{"class":54},[44,111465,59],{"class":58},[44,111467,1588],{"class":95},[44,111469,83],{"class":58},[44,111471,1717],{"class":95},[44,111473,83],{"class":58},[44,111475,2955],{"class":95},[44,111477,99],{"class":58},[44,111479,111480,111482,111484,111486,111488,111490,111492,111494,111496],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111481,3086],{"class":50},[44,111483,55],{"class":54},[44,111485,59],{"class":58},[44,111487,2567],{"class":95},[44,111489,83],{"class":58},[44,111491,2961],{"class":95},[44,111493,83],{"class":58},[44,111495,5108],{"class":95},[44,111497,99],{"class":58},[44,111499,111500],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,111501,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,111503,111504,111506,111508,111510,111512,111515,111517,111519,111521],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,111505,136],{"class":135},[44,111507,120],{"class":58},[44,111509,625],{"class":116},[44,111511,113],{"class":58},[44,111513,111514],{"class":116},"union",[44,111516,120],{"class":58},[44,111518,639],{"class":116},[44,111520,532],{"class":58},[44,111522,111523],{"class":147},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[44,111525,111526,111528,111530,111532,111534,111536,111538,111540,111542],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,111527,136],{"class":135},[44,111529,120],{"class":58},[44,111531,625],{"class":116},[44,111533,113],{"class":58},[44,111535,110840],{"class":116},[44,111537,120],{"class":58},[44,111539,639],{"class":116},[44,111541,532],{"class":58},[44,111543,110859],{"class":147},[20,111545,1172],{},[252,111547,111548,111553],{},[255,111549,111550,111552],{},[15,111551,103044],{}," includes everything",[255,111554,111555,111557],{},[15,111556,110750],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111559,19144],{},[252,111561,111562,111569],{},[255,111563,111564,111568],{},[625,111565,111566],{"href":107975},[15,111567,103044],{}," when overlap does not matter",[255,111570,111571,111573],{},[15,111572,110750],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[30,111575,36843,111577,101843],{"id":111576},"using-the-operator",[15,111578,111579],{},"^",[20,111581,111582,111583,111585,111586,113],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111584,111579],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111587,110750],{},[20,111589,269],{},[35,111591,111593],{"className":37,"code":111592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111594,111595,111615,111635,111639,111657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111596,111597,111599,111601,111603,111605,111607,111609,111611,111613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111598,110946],{"class":50},[44,111600,55],{"class":54},[44,111602,59],{"class":58},[44,111604,1588],{"class":95},[44,111606,83],{"class":58},[44,111608,1717],{"class":95},[44,111610,83],{"class":58},[44,111612,2955],{"class":95},[44,111614,99],{"class":58},[44,111616,111617,111619,111621,111623,111625,111627,111629,111631,111633],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111618,110967],{"class":50},[44,111620,55],{"class":54},[44,111622,59],{"class":58},[44,111624,2567],{"class":95},[44,111626,83],{"class":58},[44,111628,2961],{"class":95},[44,111630,83],{"class":58},[44,111632,5108],{"class":95},[44,111634,99],{"class":58},[44,111636,111637],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,111638,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,111640,111641,111643,111645,111647,111649,111651,111653,111655],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,111642,136],{"class":135},[44,111644,120],{"class":58},[44,111646,100830],{"class":116},[44,111648,113],{"class":58},[44,111650,110840],{"class":116},[44,111652,120],{"class":58},[44,111654,100839],{"class":116},[44,111656,2239],{"class":58},[44,111658,111659,111661,111663,111665,111667,111670],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,111660,136],{"class":135},[44,111662,120],{"class":58},[44,111664,110946],{"class":116},[44,111666,111579],{"class":54},[44,111668,111669],{"class":116}," set2",[44,111671,129],{"class":58},[20,111673,30254],{},[35,111675,111677],{"className":37,"code":111676,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111678,111679,111699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111680,111681,111683,111685,111687,111689,111691,111693,111695,111697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111682,9770],{"class":58},[44,111684,1588],{"class":95},[44,111686,83],{"class":58},[44,111688,1717],{"class":95},[44,111690,83],{"class":58},[44,111692,2961],{"class":95},[44,111694,83],{"class":58},[44,111696,5108],{"class":95},[44,111698,99],{"class":58},[44,111700,111701,111703,111705,111707,111709,111711,111713,111715,111717],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111702,9770],{"class":58},[44,111704,1588],{"class":95},[44,111706,83],{"class":58},[44,111708,1717],{"class":95},[44,111710,83],{"class":58},[44,111712,2961],{"class":95},[44,111714,83],{"class":58},[44,111716,5108],{"class":95},[44,111718,99],{"class":58},[20,111720,111721],{},"Both forms:",[252,111723,111724,111727],{},[255,111725,111726],{},"return a new set",[255,111728,111729],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111731,111732],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[30,111734,1526],{"id":1525},[20,111736,21654,111737,72],{},[15,111738,110750],{},[252,111740,111741,111749,111759,111774],{},[255,111742,111743,111746,111748],{},[590,111744,111745],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10333,111747],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[255,111750,111751,111754,111756,111758],{},[590,111752,111753],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10333,111755],{},[15,111757,110750],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[255,111760,111761,111766,111768,111770,111771,111773],{},[590,111762,111763,111764],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111765,100659],{},[10333,111767],{},[15,111769,100659],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111772,110750],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[255,111775,111776,111779,111781],{},[590,111777,111778],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10333,111780],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111783,59102],{},[252,111785,111786,111795,111798,111801],{},[255,111787,50729,111788,44865,111790,111794],{},[15,111789,110750],{},[625,111791,111792],{"href":107975},[15,111793,103044],{}," is actually needed",[255,111796,111797],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[255,111799,111800],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[255,111802,111803],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111805,111806,111807,113],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[625,111808,99323],{"href":105588},[20,111810,62536],{},[35,111812,111814],{"className":37,"code":111813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111815,111816,111826,111836,111854,111868,111882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111817,111818,111820,111822,111824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111819,136],{"class":135},[44,111821,120],{"class":58},[44,111823,100830],{"class":116},[44,111825,129],{"class":58},[44,111827,111828,111830,111832,111834],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111829,136],{"class":135},[44,111831,120],{"class":58},[44,111833,100839],{"class":116},[44,111835,129],{"class":58},[44,111837,111838,111840,111842,111844,111846,111848,111850,111852],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,111839,136],{"class":135},[44,111841,120],{"class":58},[44,111843,100830],{"class":116},[44,111845,113],{"class":58},[44,111847,110840],{"class":116},[44,111849,120],{"class":58},[44,111851,100839],{"class":116},[44,111853,2239],{"class":58},[44,111855,111856,111858,111860,111862,111864,111866],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,111857,136],{"class":135},[44,111859,120],{"class":58},[44,111861,110946],{"class":116},[44,111863,111579],{"class":54},[44,111865,111669],{"class":116},[44,111867,129],{"class":58},[44,111869,111870,111872,111874,111876,111878,111880],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,111871,136],{"class":135},[44,111873,120],{"class":58},[44,111875,2249],{"class":2248},[44,111877,120],{"class":58},[44,111879,100830],{"class":116},[44,111881,2239],{"class":58},[44,111883,111884,111886,111888,111890,111892,111894],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,111885,136],{"class":135},[44,111887,120],{"class":58},[44,111889,2249],{"class":2248},[44,111891,120],{"class":58},[44,111893,100839],{"class":116},[44,111895,2239],{"class":58},[30,111897,2301],{"id":2300},[981,111899,2329,111901,102984],{"id":111900},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111902,110750],{},[20,111904,102987],{},[981,111906,2358,111908,976,111910,2363],{"id":111907},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111909,110750],{},[15,111911,100659],{},[20,111913,111914,111916,111917,111919],{},[15,111915,100659],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111918,110750],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[981,111921,2339,111923,111925],{"id":111922},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111924,110750],{}," with lists?",[20,111927,111928],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111930,269],{},[35,111932,111934],{"className":37,"code":111933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111935,111936,111956,111976,111980,112007],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111937,111938,111940,111942,111944,111946,111948,111950,111952,111954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111939,80900],{"class":50},[44,111941,55],{"class":54},[44,111943,1556],{"class":58},[44,111945,1588],{"class":95},[44,111947,83],{"class":58},[44,111949,1717],{"class":95},[44,111951,83],{"class":58},[44,111953,2955],{"class":95},[44,111955,1153],{"class":58},[44,111957,111958,111960,111962,111964,111966,111968,111970,111972,111974],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111959,80921],{"class":50},[44,111961,55],{"class":54},[44,111963,1556],{"class":58},[44,111965,2567],{"class":95},[44,111967,83],{"class":58},[44,111969,2961],{"class":95},[44,111971,83],{"class":58},[44,111973,5108],{"class":95},[44,111975,1153],{"class":58},[44,111977,111978],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,111979,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,111981,111982,111984,111986,111988,111990,111993,111995,111997,111999,112001,112003,112005],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,111983,1953],{"class":50},[44,111985,55],{"class":54},[44,111987,16089],{"class":2248},[44,111989,120],{"class":58},[44,111991,111992],{"class":116},"list1",[44,111994,9126],{"class":58},[44,111996,110840],{"class":116},[44,111998,120],{"class":58},[44,112000,6788],{"class":2248},[44,112002,120],{"class":58},[44,112004,81187],{"class":116},[44,112006,2239],{"class":58},[44,112008,112009,112011,112013,112015],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,112010,136],{"class":135},[44,112012,120],{"class":58},[44,112014,1984],{"class":116},[44,112016,129],{"class":58},[20,112018,2576],{},[35,112020,112021],{"className":37,"code":111021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,112022,112023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112024,112025,112027,112029,112031,112033,112035,112037,112039,112041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112026,9770],{"class":58},[44,112028,1588],{"class":95},[44,112030,83],{"class":58},[44,112032,1717],{"class":95},[44,112034,83],{"class":58},[44,112036,2961],{"class":95},[44,112038,83],{"class":58},[44,112040,5108],{"class":95},[44,112042,99],{"class":58},[981,112044,112046],{"id":112045},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,112048,112049],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[30,112051,2375],{"id":2374},[252,112053,112054,112058,112063,112069,112075],{},[255,112055,112056],{},[625,112057,96573],{"href":96572},[255,112059,112060],{},[625,112061,112062],{"href":96576},"Creating a set in Python",[255,112064,112065],{},[625,112066,97059,112067,11221],{"href":103085},[15,112068,100659],{},[255,112070,112071],{},[625,112072,97059,112073,11221],{"href":107975},[15,112074,103044],{},[255,112076,112077],{},[625,112078,100589],{"href":105588},[20,112080,112081,112082,2695,112084,17526,112086,112088],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,112083,100659],{},[15,112085,103044],{},[15,112087,110750],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2414,112090,57481],{},{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":112092},[112093,112094,112096,112097,112098,112099,112101,112103,112105,112106,112115],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":110865,"depth":102,"text":112095},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":111046,"depth":102,"text":111047},{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952},{"id":111294,"depth":102,"text":112100},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111436,"depth":102,"text":112102},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111576,"depth":102,"text":112104},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":112107},[112108,112110,112112,112114],{"id":111900,"depth":132,"text":112109},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111907,"depth":132,"text":112111},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111922,"depth":132,"text":112113},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":112045,"depth":132,"text":112046},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110742,"description":112116},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":112123,"title":112124,"body":112125,"description":114188,"extension":2465,"meta":114189,"navigation":169,"path":107975,"seo":114190,"stem":114191,"__hash__":114192},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":112126,"toc":114147},[112127,112132,112137,112140,112153,112155,112237,112242,112247,112251,112263,112266,112270,112272,112299,112301,112312,112315,112384,112386,112392,112395,112405,112407,112496,112501,112503,112510,112513,112515,112518,112638,112640,112709,112712,112729,112734,112737,112853,112855,112884,112887,112893,112898,112902,112983,112985,113013,113018,113022,113117,113119,113160,113164,113167,113234,113236,113277,113283,113298,113305,113312,113316,113322,113408,113412,113420,113491,113496,113503,113505,113511,113513,113578,113580,113596,113601,113604,113673,113677,113680,113739,113742,113746,113799,113812,113815,113868,113872,113874,113905,113908,113913,113966,113970,113973,113994,114006,114008,114061,114063,114068,114070,114076,114079,114085,114090,114094,114097,114105,114114,114116,114144],[10,112128,4083,112130,18],{"id":112129},"python-setunion-method",[15,112131,108288],{},[20,112133,112134,112136],{},[15,112135,108288],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,112138,112139],{},"It is useful when you want:",[252,112141,112142,112145,112150],{},[255,112143,112144],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[255,112146,3058,112147,112149],{},[590,112148,101014],{}," as the result",[255,112151,112152],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[30,112154,2507],{"id":2506},[35,112156,112158],{"className":37,"code":112157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112159,112160,112180,112200,112204,112222,112232],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112161,112162,112164,112166,112168,112170,112172,112174,112176,112178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112163,110946],{"class":50},[44,112165,55],{"class":54},[44,112167,59],{"class":58},[44,112169,1588],{"class":95},[44,112171,83],{"class":58},[44,112173,1717],{"class":95},[44,112175,83],{"class":58},[44,112177,2955],{"class":95},[44,112179,99],{"class":58},[44,112181,112182,112184,112186,112188,112190,112192,112194,112196,112198],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112183,110967],{"class":50},[44,112185,55],{"class":54},[44,112187,59],{"class":58},[44,112189,2567],{"class":95},[44,112191,83],{"class":58},[44,112193,2961],{"class":95},[44,112195,83],{"class":58},[44,112197,5108],{"class":95},[44,112199,99],{"class":58},[44,112201,112202],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,112203,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,112205,112206,112208,112210,112212,112214,112216,112218,112220],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,112207,1953],{"class":50},[44,112209,55],{"class":54},[44,112211,110996],{"class":50},[44,112213,113],{"class":58},[44,112215,111514],{"class":116},[44,112217,120],{"class":58},[44,112219,100839],{"class":116},[44,112221,129],{"class":58},[44,112223,112224,112226,112228,112230],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,112225,136],{"class":135},[44,112227,120],{"class":58},[44,112229,1984],{"class":116},[44,112231,129],{"class":58},[44,112233,112234],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,112235,112236],{"class":147},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112238,112239,112241],{},[15,112240,103044],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[30,112243,243,112245,246],{"id":112244},"what-setunion-does",[15,112246,108288],{},[20,112248,112249,72],{},[15,112250,108288],{},[252,112252,112253,112256,112259,112261],{},[255,112254,112255],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[255,112257,112258],{},"keeps only unique values",[255,112260,110876],{},[255,112262,110885],{},[20,112264,112265],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112267,96569,112268,113],{},[625,112269,96573],{"href":97744},[30,112271,392],{"id":391},[35,112273,112275],{"className":37,"code":112274,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112276,112277],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112278,112279,112281,112283,112285,112287,112289,112291,112293,112295,112297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112280,100830],{"class":50},[44,112282,113],{"class":58},[44,112284,111514],{"class":116},[44,112286,120],{"class":58},[44,112288,100839],{"class":116},[44,112290,83],{"class":58},[44,112292,100866],{"class":116},[44,112294,83],{"class":58},[44,112296,34681],{"class":135},[44,112298,129],{"class":58},[20,112300,13515],{},[252,112302,112303,112306,112309],{},[255,112304,112305],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[255,112307,112308],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[255,112310,112311],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112313,112314],{},"Example with two sets:",[35,112316,112318],{"className":37,"code":112317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112319,112320,112336,112352,112356,112374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112321,112322,112324,112326,112328,112330,112332,112334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112323,3058],{"class":50},[44,112325,55],{"class":54},[44,112327,59],{"class":58},[44,112329,1588],{"class":95},[44,112331,83],{"class":58},[44,112333,1717],{"class":95},[44,112335,99],{"class":58},[44,112337,112338,112340,112342,112344,112346,112348,112350],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112339,3086],{"class":50},[44,112341,55],{"class":54},[44,112343,59],{"class":58},[44,112345,2561],{"class":95},[44,112347,83],{"class":58},[44,112349,2955],{"class":95},[44,112351,99],{"class":58},[44,112353,112354],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,112355,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,112357,112358,112360,112362,112364,112366,112368,112370,112372],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,112359,1953],{"class":50},[44,112361,55],{"class":54},[44,112363,57127],{"class":50},[44,112365,113],{"class":58},[44,112367,111514],{"class":116},[44,112369,120],{"class":58},[44,112371,639],{"class":116},[44,112373,129],{"class":58},[44,112375,112376,112378,112380,112382],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,112377,136],{"class":135},[44,112379,120],{"class":58},[44,112381,1984],{"class":116},[44,112383,129],{"class":58},[30,112385,22408],{"id":22407},[20,112387,112388,101011,112390,113],{},[15,112389,108288],{},[590,112391,101014],{},[20,112393,112394],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[252,112396,112397,112400],{},[255,112398,112399],{},"the original set",[255,112401,112402,112403],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112404,103044],{},[20,112406,269],{},[35,112408,112410],{"className":37,"code":112409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112411,112412,112428,112444,112448,112466,112470,112483],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112413,112414,112416,112418,112420,112422,112424,112426],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112415,3058],{"class":50},[44,112417,55],{"class":54},[44,112419,59],{"class":58},[44,112421,1588],{"class":95},[44,112423,83],{"class":58},[44,112425,1717],{"class":95},[44,112427,99],{"class":58},[44,112429,112430,112432,112434,112436,112438,112440,112442],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112431,3086],{"class":50},[44,112433,55],{"class":54},[44,112435,59],{"class":58},[44,112437,2561],{"class":95},[44,112439,83],{"class":58},[44,112441,2955],{"class":95},[44,112443,99],{"class":58},[44,112445,112446],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,112447,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,112449,112450,112452,112454,112456,112458,112460,112462,112464],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,112451,1953],{"class":50},[44,112453,55],{"class":54},[44,112455,57127],{"class":50},[44,112457,113],{"class":58},[44,112459,111514],{"class":116},[44,112461,120],{"class":58},[44,112463,639],{"class":116},[44,112465,129],{"class":58},[44,112467,112468],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,112469,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,112471,112472,112474,112476,112478,112480],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,112473,136],{"class":135},[44,112475,120],{"class":58},[44,112477,1984],{"class":116},[44,112479,144],{"class":58},[44,112481,112482],{"class":147},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[44,112484,112485,112487,112489,112491,112493],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,112486,136],{"class":135},[44,112488,120],{"class":58},[44,112490,625],{"class":116},[44,112492,144],{"class":58},[44,112494,112495],{"class":147},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112497,2790,112498,112500],{},[15,112499,625],{}," did not change.",[20,112502,111118],{},[252,112504,112505,112507],{},[255,112506,111123],{},[255,112508,112509],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112511,112512],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[30,112514,11952],{"id":11951},[20,112516,112517],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[35,112519,112521],{"className":37,"code":112520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112522,112523,112556,112589,112593,112613,112617,112627],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112524,112525,112528,112530,112532,112534,112536,112538,112540,112542,112544,112546,112548,112550,112552,112554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112526,112527],{"class":50},"fruits1 ",[44,112529,55],{"class":54},[44,112531,59],{"class":58},[44,112533,63],{"class":62},[44,112535,4582],{"class":66},[44,112537,63],{"class":62},[44,112539,83],{"class":58},[44,112541,75],{"class":62},[44,112543,4591],{"class":66},[44,112545,63],{"class":62},[44,112547,83],{"class":58},[44,112549,75],{"class":62},[44,112551,33447],{"class":66},[44,112553,63],{"class":62},[44,112555,99],{"class":58},[44,112557,112558,112561,112563,112565,112567,112569,112571,112573,112575,112577,112579,112581,112583,112585,112587],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112559,112560],{"class":50},"fruits2 ",[44,112562,55],{"class":54},[44,112564,59],{"class":58},[44,112566,63],{"class":62},[44,112568,4591],{"class":66},[44,112570,63],{"class":62},[44,112572,83],{"class":58},[44,112574,75],{"class":62},[44,112576,22971],{"class":66},[44,112578,63],{"class":62},[44,112580,83],{"class":58},[44,112582,75],{"class":62},[44,112584,33447],{"class":66},[44,112586,63],{"class":62},[44,112588,99],{"class":58},[44,112590,112591],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,112592,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,112594,112595,112597,112599,112602,112604,112606,112608,112611],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,112596,1953],{"class":50},[44,112598,55],{"class":54},[44,112600,112601],{"class":50}," fruits1",[44,112603,113],{"class":58},[44,112605,111514],{"class":116},[44,112607,120],{"class":58},[44,112609,112610],{"class":116},"fruits2",[44,112612,129],{"class":58},[44,112614,112615],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,112616,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,112618,112619,112621,112623,112625],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,112620,136],{"class":135},[44,112622,120],{"class":58},[44,112624,1984],{"class":116},[44,112626,129],{"class":58},[44,112628,112629,112631,112633,112636],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,112630,136],{"class":135},[44,112632,120],{"class":58},[44,112634,112635],{"class":116},"fruits1",[44,112637,129],{"class":58},[20,112639,30254],{},[35,112641,112643],{"className":37,"code":112642,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112644,112645,112681],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112646,112647,112649,112651,112653,112655,112657,112659,112661,112663,112665,112667,112669,112671,112673,112675,112677,112679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112648,9770],{"class":58},[44,112650,2197],{"class":62},[44,112652,4591],{"class":66},[44,112654,2197],{"class":62},[44,112656,83],{"class":58},[44,112658,2232],{"class":62},[44,112660,33447],{"class":66},[44,112662,2197],{"class":62},[44,112664,83],{"class":58},[44,112666,2232],{"class":62},[44,112668,4582],{"class":66},[44,112670,2197],{"class":62},[44,112672,83],{"class":58},[44,112674,2232],{"class":62},[44,112676,22971],{"class":66},[44,112678,2197],{"class":62},[44,112680,99],{"class":58},[44,112682,112683,112685,112687,112689,112691,112693,112695,112697,112699,112701,112703,112705,112707],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112684,9770],{"class":58},[44,112686,2197],{"class":62},[44,112688,4591],{"class":66},[44,112690,2197],{"class":62},[44,112692,83],{"class":58},[44,112694,2232],{"class":62},[44,112696,33447],{"class":66},[44,112698,2197],{"class":62},[44,112700,83],{"class":58},[44,112702,2232],{"class":62},[44,112704,4582],{"class":66},[44,112706,2197],{"class":62},[44,112708,99],{"class":58},[20,112710,112711],{},"What this shows:",[252,112713,112714,112721,112724],{},[255,112715,112716,976,112718,112720],{},[15,112717,65516],{},[15,112719,65943],{}," appear in both sets",[255,112722,112723],{},"they appear only once in the result",[255,112725,112726,112728],{},[15,112727,112635],{}," stays unchanged",[30,112730,1785,112732,101403],{"id":112731},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112733,103044],{},[20,112735,112736],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[35,112738,112740],{"className":37,"code":112739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112741,112742,112758,112774,112791,112808,112812,112839,112843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112743,112744,112746,112748,112750,112752,112754,112756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112745,110946],{"class":50},[44,112747,55],{"class":54},[44,112749,59],{"class":58},[44,112751,1588],{"class":95},[44,112753,83],{"class":58},[44,112755,1717],{"class":95},[44,112757,99],{"class":58},[44,112759,112760,112762,112764,112766,112768,112770,112772],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112761,110967],{"class":50},[44,112763,55],{"class":54},[44,112765,59],{"class":58},[44,112767,2561],{"class":95},[44,112769,83],{"class":58},[44,112771,2955],{"class":95},[44,112773,99],{"class":58},[44,112775,112776,112779,112781,112783,112785,112787,112789],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,112777,112778],{"class":50},"set3 ",[44,112780,55],{"class":54},[44,112782,59],{"class":58},[44,112784,2567],{"class":95},[44,112786,83],{"class":58},[44,112788,2961],{"class":95},[44,112790,99],{"class":58},[44,112792,112793,112796,112798,112800,112802,112804,112806],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,112794,112795],{"class":50},"set4 ",[44,112797,55],{"class":54},[44,112799,59],{"class":58},[44,112801,3008],{"class":95},[44,112803,83],{"class":58},[44,112805,5108],{"class":95},[44,112807,99],{"class":58},[44,112809,112810],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,112811,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,112813,112814,112816,112818,112820,112822,112824,112826,112828,112830,112832,112834,112837],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,112815,1953],{"class":50},[44,112817,55],{"class":54},[44,112819,110996],{"class":50},[44,112821,113],{"class":58},[44,112823,111514],{"class":116},[44,112825,120],{"class":58},[44,112827,100839],{"class":116},[44,112829,83],{"class":58},[44,112831,100866],{"class":116},[44,112833,83],{"class":58},[44,112835,112836],{"class":116}," set4",[44,112838,129],{"class":58},[44,112840,112841],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,112842,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,112844,112845,112847,112849,112851],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,112846,136],{"class":135},[44,112848,120],{"class":58},[44,112850,1984],{"class":116},[44,112852,129],{"class":58},[20,112854,30254],{},[35,112856,112858],{"className":37,"code":112857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112859,112860],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112861,112862,112864,112866,112868,112870,112872,112874,112876,112878,112880,112882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112863,9770],{"class":58},[44,112865,1588],{"class":95},[44,112867,83],{"class":58},[44,112869,1717],{"class":95},[44,112871,83],{"class":58},[44,112873,2955],{"class":95},[44,112875,83],{"class":58},[44,112877,2961],{"class":95},[44,112879,83],{"class":58},[44,112881,5108],{"class":95},[44,112883,99],{"class":58},[20,112885,112886],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[30,112888,1785,112890,112892],{"id":112889},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112891,103044],{}," with other iterables",[20,112894,112895,112897],{},[15,112896,103044],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[981,112899,112901],{"id":112900},"with-a-list","With a list",[35,112903,112905],{"className":37,"code":112904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112906,112907,112927,112951,112955,112973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112908,112909,112911,112913,112915,112917,112919,112921,112923,112925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112910,1551],{"class":50},[44,112912,55],{"class":54},[44,112914,59],{"class":58},[44,112916,1588],{"class":95},[44,112918,83],{"class":58},[44,112920,1717],{"class":95},[44,112922,83],{"class":58},[44,112924,2955],{"class":95},[44,112926,99],{"class":58},[44,112928,112929,112931,112933,112935,112937,112939,112941,112943,112945,112947,112949],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112930,61288],{"class":50},[44,112932,55],{"class":54},[44,112934,1556],{"class":58},[44,112936,2567],{"class":95},[44,112938,83],{"class":58},[44,112940,2961],{"class":95},[44,112942,83],{"class":58},[44,112944,5108],{"class":95},[44,112946,83],{"class":58},[44,112948,5108],{"class":95},[44,112950,1153],{"class":58},[44,112952,112953],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,112954,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,112956,112957,112959,112961,112963,112965,112967,112969,112971],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,112958,1953],{"class":50},[44,112960,55],{"class":54},[44,112962,4767],{"class":50},[44,112964,113],{"class":58},[44,112966,111514],{"class":116},[44,112968,120],{"class":58},[44,112970,61317],{"class":116},[44,112972,129],{"class":58},[44,112974,112975,112977,112979,112981],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,112976,136],{"class":135},[44,112978,120],{"class":58},[44,112980,1984],{"class":116},[44,112982,129],{"class":58},[20,112984,30254],{},[35,112986,112987],{"className":37,"code":112857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,112988,112989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112990,112991,112993,112995,112997,112999,113001,113003,113005,113007,113009,113011],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112992,9770],{"class":58},[44,112994,1588],{"class":95},[44,112996,83],{"class":58},[44,112998,1717],{"class":95},[44,113000,83],{"class":58},[44,113002,2955],{"class":95},[44,113004,83],{"class":58},[44,113006,2961],{"class":95},[44,113008,83],{"class":58},[44,113010,5108],{"class":95},[44,113012,99],{"class":58},[20,113014,21421,113015,113017],{},[15,113016,2643],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[981,113019,113021],{"id":113020},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[35,113023,113025],{"className":37,"code":113024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,113026,113027,113051,113084,113088,113107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113028,113029,113031,113033,113035,113037,113039,113041,113043,113045,113047,113049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113030,36320],{"class":50},[44,113032,55],{"class":54},[44,113034,59],{"class":58},[44,113036,63],{"class":62},[44,113038,625],{"class":66},[44,113040,63],{"class":62},[44,113042,83],{"class":58},[44,113044,75],{"class":62},[44,113046,639],{"class":66},[44,113048,63],{"class":62},[44,113050,99],{"class":58},[44,113052,113053,113056,113058,113060,113062,113064,113066,113068,113070,113072,113074,113076,113078,113080,113082],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113054,113055],{"class":50},"more_letters ",[44,113057,55],{"class":54},[44,113059,9728],{"class":58},[44,113061,63],{"class":62},[44,113063,639],{"class":66},[44,113065,63],{"class":62},[44,113067,83],{"class":58},[44,113069,75],{"class":62},[44,113071,696],{"class":66},[44,113073,63],{"class":62},[44,113075,83],{"class":58},[44,113077,75],{"class":62},[44,113079,19217],{"class":66},[44,113081,63],{"class":62},[44,113083,129],{"class":58},[44,113085,113086],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,113087,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,113089,113090,113092,113094,113096,113098,113100,113102,113105],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,113091,1953],{"class":50},[44,113093,55],{"class":54},[44,113095,70338],{"class":50},[44,113097,113],{"class":58},[44,113099,111514],{"class":116},[44,113101,120],{"class":58},[44,113103,113104],{"class":116},"more_letters",[44,113106,129],{"class":58},[44,113108,113109,113111,113113,113115],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,113110,136],{"class":135},[44,113112,120],{"class":58},[44,113114,1984],{"class":116},[44,113116,129],{"class":58},[20,113118,30254],{},[35,113120,113122],{"className":37,"code":113121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,113123,113124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113125,113126,113128,113130,113132,113134,113136,113138,113140,113142,113144,113146,113148,113150,113152,113154,113156,113158],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113127,9770],{"class":58},[44,113129,2197],{"class":62},[44,113131,625],{"class":66},[44,113133,2197],{"class":62},[44,113135,83],{"class":58},[44,113137,2232],{"class":62},[44,113139,639],{"class":66},[44,113141,2197],{"class":62},[44,113143,83],{"class":58},[44,113145,2232],{"class":62},[44,113147,696],{"class":66},[44,113149,2197],{"class":62},[44,113151,83],{"class":58},[44,113153,2232],{"class":62},[44,113155,19217],{"class":66},[44,113157,2197],{"class":62},[44,113159,99],{"class":58},[981,113161,113163],{"id":113162},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,113165,113166],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[35,113168,113170],{"className":37,"code":113169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113171,113172,113197,113220,113224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113173,113174,113177,113179,113181,113183,113185,113187,113189,113191,113193,113195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113175,113176],{"class":50},"chars ",[44,113178,55],{"class":54},[44,113180,59],{"class":58},[44,113182,63],{"class":62},[44,113184,625],{"class":66},[44,113186,63],{"class":62},[44,113188,83],{"class":58},[44,113190,75],{"class":62},[44,113192,639],{"class":66},[44,113194,63],{"class":62},[44,113196,99],{"class":58},[44,113198,113199,113201,113203,113206,113208,113210,113212,113214,113216,113218],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113200,1953],{"class":50},[44,113202,55],{"class":54},[44,113204,113205],{"class":50}," chars",[44,113207,113],{"class":58},[44,113209,111514],{"class":116},[44,113211,120],{"class":58},[44,113213,63],{"class":62},[44,113215,37278],{"class":66},[44,113217,63],{"class":62},[44,113219,129],{"class":58},[44,113221,113222],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,113223,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,113225,113226,113228,113230,113232],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,113227,136],{"class":135},[44,113229,120],{"class":58},[44,113231,1984],{"class":116},[44,113233,129],{"class":58},[20,113235,30254],{},[35,113237,113239],{"className":37,"code":113238,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113240,113241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113242,113243,113245,113247,113249,113251,113253,113255,113257,113259,113261,113263,113265,113267,113269,113271,113273,113275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113244,9770],{"class":58},[44,113246,2197],{"class":62},[44,113248,625],{"class":66},[44,113250,2197],{"class":62},[44,113252,83],{"class":58},[44,113254,2232],{"class":62},[44,113256,639],{"class":66},[44,113258,2197],{"class":62},[44,113260,83],{"class":58},[44,113262,2232],{"class":62},[44,113264,696],{"class":66},[44,113266,2197],{"class":62},[44,113268,83],{"class":58},[44,113270,2232],{"class":62},[44,113272,63528],{"class":66},[44,113274,2197],{"class":62},[44,113276,99],{"class":58},[20,113278,22627,113279,113282],{},[15,113280,113281],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[252,113284,113285,113289,113293],{},[255,113286,113287],{},[15,113288,66723],{},[255,113290,113291],{},[15,113292,18548],{},[255,113294,113295],{},[15,113296,113297],{},"\"t\"",[30,113299,113301,967,113303],{"id":113300},"union-vs-update",[15,113302,103044],{},[15,113304,15410],{},[20,113306,113307,976,113309,113311],{},[15,113308,103044],{},[15,113310,15410],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[981,113313,113314],{"id":111514},[15,113315,103044],{},[252,113317,113318,113320],{},[255,113319,110876],{},[255,113321,110885],{},[35,113323,113324],{"className":37,"code":112409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,113325,113326,113342,113358,113362,113380,113384,113396],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113327,113328,113330,113332,113334,113336,113338,113340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113329,3058],{"class":50},[44,113331,55],{"class":54},[44,113333,59],{"class":58},[44,113335,1588],{"class":95},[44,113337,83],{"class":58},[44,113339,1717],{"class":95},[44,113341,99],{"class":58},[44,113343,113344,113346,113348,113350,113352,113354,113356],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113345,3086],{"class":50},[44,113347,55],{"class":54},[44,113349,59],{"class":58},[44,113351,2561],{"class":95},[44,113353,83],{"class":58},[44,113355,2955],{"class":95},[44,113357,99],{"class":58},[44,113359,113360],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,113361,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,113363,113364,113366,113368,113370,113372,113374,113376,113378],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,113365,1953],{"class":50},[44,113367,55],{"class":54},[44,113369,57127],{"class":50},[44,113371,113],{"class":58},[44,113373,111514],{"class":116},[44,113375,120],{"class":58},[44,113377,639],{"class":116},[44,113379,129],{"class":58},[44,113381,113382],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,113383,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,113385,113386,113388,113390,113392,113394],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,113387,136],{"class":135},[44,113389,120],{"class":58},[44,113391,1984],{"class":116},[44,113393,144],{"class":58},[44,113395,112482],{"class":147},[44,113397,113398,113400,113402,113404,113406],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,113399,136],{"class":135},[44,113401,120],{"class":58},[44,113403,625],{"class":116},[44,113405,144],{"class":58},[44,113407,112495],{"class":147},[981,113409,113410],{"id":30689},[15,113411,15410],{},[252,113413,113414,113417],{},[255,113415,113416],{},"changes the existing set in place",[255,113418,113419],{},"does not create a separate result set",[35,113421,113423],{"className":37,"code":113422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113424,113425,113441,113457,113461,113475,113479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113426,113427,113429,113431,113433,113435,113437,113439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113428,3058],{"class":50},[44,113430,55],{"class":54},[44,113432,59],{"class":58},[44,113434,1588],{"class":95},[44,113436,83],{"class":58},[44,113438,1717],{"class":95},[44,113440,99],{"class":58},[44,113442,113443,113445,113447,113449,113451,113453,113455],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113444,3086],{"class":50},[44,113446,55],{"class":54},[44,113448,59],{"class":58},[44,113450,2561],{"class":95},[44,113452,83],{"class":58},[44,113454,2955],{"class":95},[44,113456,99],{"class":58},[44,113458,113459],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,113460,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,113462,113463,113465,113467,113469,113471,113473],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,113464,625],{"class":50},[44,113466,113],{"class":58},[44,113468,30689],{"class":116},[44,113470,120],{"class":58},[44,113472,639],{"class":116},[44,113474,129],{"class":58},[44,113476,113477],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,113478,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,113480,113481,113483,113485,113487,113489],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,113482,136],{"class":135},[44,113484,120],{"class":58},[44,113486,625],{"class":116},[44,113488,144],{"class":58},[44,113490,112482],{"class":147},[20,113492,227,113493,113495],{},[15,113494,103044],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113497,113498,113499,113],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[625,113500,4083,113501,11221],{"href":98764},[15,113502,97559],{},[30,113504,1526],{"id":1525},[981,113506,1904,113508,113510],{"id":113507},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113509,103044],{}," to change the original set",[20,113512,82069],{},[35,113514,113516],{"className":37,"code":113515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113517,113518,113534,113550,113554,113568],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113519,113520,113522,113524,113526,113528,113530,113532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113521,3058],{"class":50},[44,113523,55],{"class":54},[44,113525,59],{"class":58},[44,113527,1588],{"class":95},[44,113529,83],{"class":58},[44,113531,1717],{"class":95},[44,113533,99],{"class":58},[44,113535,113536,113538,113540,113542,113544,113546,113548],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113537,3086],{"class":50},[44,113539,55],{"class":54},[44,113541,59],{"class":58},[44,113543,2561],{"class":95},[44,113545,83],{"class":58},[44,113547,2955],{"class":95},[44,113549,99],{"class":58},[44,113551,113552],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,113553,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,113555,113556,113558,113560,113562,113564,113566],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,113557,625],{"class":50},[44,113559,113],{"class":58},[44,113561,111514],{"class":116},[44,113563,120],{"class":58},[44,113565,639],{"class":116},[44,113567,129],{"class":58},[44,113569,113570,113572,113574,113576],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,113571,136],{"class":135},[44,113573,120],{"class":58},[44,113575,625],{"class":116},[44,113577,129],{"class":58},[20,113579,2576],{},[35,113581,113582],{"className":37,"code":100752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,113583,113584],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113585,113586,113588,113590,113592,113594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113587,9770],{"class":58},[44,113589,1588],{"class":95},[44,113591,83],{"class":58},[44,113593,1717],{"class":95},[44,113595,99],{"class":58},[20,113597,8990,113598,113600],{},[15,113599,103044],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113602,113603],{},"Fix it like this:",[35,113605,113607],{"className":37,"code":113606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113608,113609,113625,113641,113645,113663],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113610,113611,113613,113615,113617,113619,113621,113623],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113612,3058],{"class":50},[44,113614,55],{"class":54},[44,113616,59],{"class":58},[44,113618,1588],{"class":95},[44,113620,83],{"class":58},[44,113622,1717],{"class":95},[44,113624,99],{"class":58},[44,113626,113627,113629,113631,113633,113635,113637,113639],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113628,3086],{"class":50},[44,113630,55],{"class":54},[44,113632,59],{"class":58},[44,113634,2561],{"class":95},[44,113636,83],{"class":58},[44,113638,2955],{"class":95},[44,113640,99],{"class":58},[44,113642,113643],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,113644,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,113646,113647,113649,113651,113653,113655,113657,113659,113661],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,113648,3058],{"class":50},[44,113650,55],{"class":54},[44,113652,57127],{"class":50},[44,113654,113],{"class":58},[44,113656,111514],{"class":116},[44,113658,120],{"class":58},[44,113660,639],{"class":116},[44,113662,129],{"class":58},[44,113664,113665,113667,113669,113671],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,113666,136],{"class":135},[44,113668,120],{"class":58},[44,113670,625],{"class":116},[44,113672,129],{"class":58},[981,113674,113676],{"id":113675},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113678,113679],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[35,113681,113683],{"className":37,"code":113682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113684,113685,113701,113717,113721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113686,113687,113689,113691,113693,113695,113697,113699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113688,3058],{"class":50},[44,113690,55],{"class":54},[44,113692,59],{"class":58},[44,113694,2567],{"class":95},[44,113696,83],{"class":58},[44,113698,1703],{"class":95},[44,113700,99],{"class":58},[44,113702,113703,113705,113707,113709,113711,113713,113715],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113704,3086],{"class":50},[44,113706,55],{"class":54},[44,113708,59],{"class":58},[44,113710,2561],{"class":95},[44,113712,83],{"class":58},[44,113714,2961],{"class":95},[44,113716,99],{"class":58},[44,113718,113719],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,113720,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,113722,113723,113725,113727,113729,113731,113733,113735,113737],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,113724,136],{"class":135},[44,113726,120],{"class":58},[44,113728,625],{"class":116},[44,113730,113],{"class":58},[44,113732,111514],{"class":116},[44,113734,120],{"class":58},[44,113736,639],{"class":116},[44,113738,2239],{"class":58},[20,113740,113741],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[981,113743,113745],{"id":113744},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[35,113747,113749],{"className":37,"code":113748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113750,113751,113767,113789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113752,113753,113755,113757,113759,113761,113763,113765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113754,4573],{"class":50},[44,113756,55],{"class":54},[44,113758,59],{"class":58},[44,113760,63],{"class":62},[44,113762,58367],{"class":66},[44,113764,63],{"class":62},[44,113766,99],{"class":58},[44,113768,113769,113771,113773,113775,113777,113779,113781,113783,113785,113787],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113770,1953],{"class":50},[44,113772,55],{"class":54},[44,113774,6669],{"class":50},[44,113776,113],{"class":58},[44,113778,111514],{"class":116},[44,113780,120],{"class":58},[44,113782,63],{"class":62},[44,113784,37278],{"class":66},[44,113786,63],{"class":62},[44,113788,129],{"class":58},[44,113790,113791,113793,113795,113797],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,113792,136],{"class":135},[44,113794,120],{"class":58},[44,113796,1984],{"class":116},[44,113798,129],{"class":58},[20,113800,113801,113802,2695,113804,17526,113806,113808,113809,113811],{},"This adds ",[15,113803,66723],{},[15,113805,18548],{},[15,113807,113297],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113810,113281],{}," as one item.",[20,113813,113814],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[35,113816,113818],{"className":37,"code":113817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113819,113820,113836,113858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113821,113822,113824,113826,113828,113830,113832,113834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113823,4573],{"class":50},[44,113825,55],{"class":54},[44,113827,59],{"class":58},[44,113829,63],{"class":62},[44,113831,58367],{"class":66},[44,113833,63],{"class":62},[44,113835,99],{"class":58},[44,113837,113838,113840,113842,113844,113846,113848,113850,113852,113854,113856],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113839,1953],{"class":50},[44,113841,55],{"class":54},[44,113843,6669],{"class":50},[44,113845,113],{"class":58},[44,113847,111514],{"class":116},[44,113849,3492],{"class":58},[44,113851,63],{"class":62},[44,113853,37278],{"class":66},[44,113855,63],{"class":62},[44,113857,4391],{"class":58},[44,113859,113860,113862,113864,113866],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,113861,136],{"class":135},[44,113863,120],{"class":58},[44,113865,1984],{"class":116},[44,113867,129],{"class":58},[981,113869,113871],{"id":113870},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113873,3342],{},[35,113875,113877],{"className":37,"code":113876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113878,113879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113880,113881,113883,113885,113887,113889,113891,113893,113895,113897,113899,113901,113903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113882,16084],{"class":50},[44,113884,55],{"class":54},[44,113886,59],{"class":58},[44,113888,1588],{"class":95},[44,113890,83],{"class":58},[44,113892,1717],{"class":95},[44,113894,83],{"class":58},[44,113896,1556],{"class":58},[44,113898,2567],{"class":95},[44,113900,83],{"class":58},[44,113902,2961],{"class":95},[44,113904,14165],{"class":58},[20,113906,113907],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113909,113910,113911,72],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113912,103044],{},[35,113914,113916],{"className":37,"code":113915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113917,113918,113934,113956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113919,113920,113922,113924,113926,113928,113930,113932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113921,16084],{"class":50},[44,113923,55],{"class":54},[44,113925,59],{"class":58},[44,113927,1588],{"class":95},[44,113929,83],{"class":58},[44,113931,1717],{"class":95},[44,113933,99],{"class":58},[44,113935,113936,113938,113940,113942,113944,113946,113948,113950,113952,113954],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113937,1953],{"class":50},[44,113939,55],{"class":54},[44,113941,97169],{"class":50},[44,113943,113],{"class":58},[44,113945,111514],{"class":116},[44,113947,3492],{"class":58},[44,113949,2567],{"class":95},[44,113951,83],{"class":58},[44,113953,2961],{"class":95},[44,113955,4391],{"class":58},[44,113957,113958,113960,113962,113964],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,113959,136],{"class":135},[44,113961,120],{"class":58},[44,113963,1984],{"class":116},[44,113965,129],{"class":58},[30,113967,113969],{"id":113968},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113971,113972],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[252,113974,113975,113981,113988,113991],{},[255,113976,113977,113978,113980],{},"call ",[15,113979,103044],{}," without saving the returned set",[255,113982,113983,113984,9200,113986],{},"confuse ",[15,113985,103044],{},[15,113987,15410],{},[255,113989,113990],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[255,113992,113993],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113995,113996,113997,976,114001,113],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[625,113998,4083,113999,11221],{"href":103033},[15,114000,106818],{},[625,114002,4083,114004,11221],{"href":114003},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,114005,100664],{},[20,114007,62536],{},[35,114009,114011],{"className":37,"code":114010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,114012,114013,114023,114037,114047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114014,114015,114017,114019,114021],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114016,136],{"class":135},[44,114018,120],{"class":58},[44,114020,16122],{"class":116},[44,114022,129],{"class":58},[44,114024,114025,114027,114029,114031,114033,114035],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114026,136],{"class":135},[44,114028,120],{"class":58},[44,114030,2249],{"class":2248},[44,114032,120],{"class":58},[44,114034,16122],{"class":116},[44,114036,2239],{"class":58},[44,114038,114039,114041,114043,114045],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,114040,136],{"class":135},[44,114042,120],{"class":58},[44,114044,1984],{"class":116},[44,114046,129],{"class":58},[44,114048,114049,114051,114053,114055,114057,114059],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,114050,32378],{"class":135},[44,114052,120],{"class":58},[44,114054,6788],{"class":2248},[44,114056,113],{"class":58},[44,114058,111514],{"class":25189},[44,114060,129],{"class":58},[30,114062,2301],{"id":2300},[981,114064,2329,114066,102984],{"id":114065},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,114067,108288],{},[20,114069,102987],{},[981,114071,5671,114073,114075],{"id":114072},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,114074,103044],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,114077,114078],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[981,114080,2339,114082,114084],{"id":114081},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,114083,103044],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,114086,42386,114087,114089],{},[15,114088,103044],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[981,114091,114093],{"id":114092},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,114095,114096],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[981,114098,2358,114100,976,114102,2363],{"id":114099},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,114101,103044],{},[15,114103,114104],{},"|",[20,114106,114107,114108,114110,114111,114113],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,114109,114104],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,114112,103044],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[30,114115,2375],{"id":2374},[252,114117,114118,114122,114128,114134,114140],{},[255,114119,114120],{},[625,114121,96573],{"href":97744},[255,114123,114124],{},[625,114125,4083,114126,11221],{"href":98764},[15,114127,97559],{},[255,114129,114130],{},[625,114131,4083,114132,11221],{"href":103033},[15,114133,106818],{},[255,114135,114136],{},[625,114137,4083,114138,11221],{"href":114003},[15,114139,100664],{},[255,114141,114142],{},[625,114143,100589],{"href":99322},[2414,114145,114146],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":114148},[114149,114150,114152,114153,114154,114155,114157,114163,114168,114175,114176,114187],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":112244,"depth":102,"text":114151},"What set.union() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":22407,"depth":102,"text":22408},{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952},{"id":112731,"depth":102,"text":114156},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112889,"depth":102,"text":114158,"children":114159},"Using union() with other iterables",[114160,114161,114162],{"id":112900,"depth":132,"text":112901},{"id":113020,"depth":132,"text":113021},{"id":113162,"depth":132,"text":113163},{"id":113300,"depth":102,"text":114164,"children":114165},"union() vs update()",[114166,114167],{"id":111514,"depth":132,"text":103044},{"id":30689,"depth":132,"text":15410},{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526,"children":114169},[114170,114172,114173,114174],{"id":113507,"depth":132,"text":114171},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113675,"depth":132,"text":113676},{"id":113744,"depth":132,"text":113745},{"id":113870,"depth":132,"text":113871},{"id":113968,"depth":102,"text":113969},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":114177},[114178,114180,114182,114184,114185],{"id":114065,"depth":132,"text":114179},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":114072,"depth":132,"text":114181},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":114081,"depth":132,"text":114183},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":114092,"depth":132,"text":114093},{"id":114099,"depth":132,"text":114186},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":112124,"description":114188},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114194,"title":114195,"body":114196,"description":116085,"extension":2465,"meta":116086,"navigation":169,"path":97058,"seo":116087,"stem":116088,"__hash__":116089},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114197,"toc":116051},[114198,114203,114208,114216,114218,114276,114281,114286,114290,114302,114305,114379,114384,114386,114388,114407,114409,114426,114429,114456,114458,114528,114532,114534,114540,114542,114603,114608,114610,114667,114671,114676,114741,114743,114763,114770,114774,114779,114864,114867,114874,114977,114981,114986,115044,115047,115058,115072,115079,115137,115144,115147,115157,115161,115219,115223,115289,115292,115350,115357,115364,115367,115371,115380,115449,115453,115459,115547,115557,115561,115565,115569,115572,115633,115638,115695,115699,115701,115736,115743,115745,115799,115806,115810,115813,115878,115887,115893,115950,115952,115957,115961,115965,115968,115975,115983,115987,115992,115996,116002,116004,116039,116048],[10,114199,96445,114201,18],{"id":114200},"python-set-update-method",[15,114202,15410],{},[20,114204,114205,114207],{},[15,114206,97559],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,114209,114210,114211,114215],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[625,114212,114213],{"href":98745},[15,114214,96453],{},", which adds only one item.",[30,114217,33],{"id":32},[35,114219,114221],{"className":37,"code":114220,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114222,114223,114239,114261,114271],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114224,114225,114227,114229,114231,114233,114235,114237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114226,1551],{"class":50},[44,114228,55],{"class":54},[44,114230,59],{"class":58},[44,114232,1588],{"class":95},[44,114234,83],{"class":58},[44,114236,1717],{"class":95},[44,114238,99],{"class":58},[44,114240,114241,114243,114245,114247,114249,114251,114253,114255,114257,114259],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114242,1579],{"class":50},[44,114244,113],{"class":58},[44,114246,30689],{"class":116},[44,114248,3492],{"class":58},[44,114250,2561],{"class":95},[44,114252,83],{"class":58},[44,114254,2955],{"class":95},[44,114256,83],{"class":58},[44,114258,2961],{"class":95},[44,114260,4391],{"class":58},[44,114262,114263,114265,114267,114269],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,114264,136],{"class":135},[44,114266,120],{"class":58},[44,114268,1579],{"class":116},[44,114270,129],{"class":58},[44,114272,114273],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,114274,114275],{"class":147},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114277,227,114278,114280],{},[15,114279,15410],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[30,114282,243,114284,246],{"id":114283},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114285,97559],{},[20,114287,114288,72],{},[15,114289,97559],{},[252,114291,114292,114295,114297,114300],{},[255,114293,114294],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[255,114296,96560],{},[255,114298,114299],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[255,114301,96563],{},[20,114303,114304],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[35,114306,114308],{"className":37,"code":114307,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114309,114310,114334,114360,114364,114374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114311,114312,114314,114316,114318,114320,114322,114324,114326,114328,114330,114332],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114313,13539],{"class":50},[44,114315,55],{"class":54},[44,114317,59],{"class":58},[44,114319,63],{"class":62},[44,114321,13556],{"class":66},[44,114323,63],{"class":62},[44,114325,83],{"class":58},[44,114327,75],{"class":62},[44,114329,13573],{"class":66},[44,114331,63],{"class":62},[44,114333,99],{"class":58},[44,114335,114336,114338,114340,114342,114344,114346,114348,114350,114352,114354,114356,114358],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114337,17954],{"class":50},[44,114339,113],{"class":58},[44,114341,30689],{"class":116},[44,114343,3492],{"class":58},[44,114345,63],{"class":62},[44,114347,13573],{"class":66},[44,114349,63],{"class":62},[44,114351,83],{"class":58},[44,114353,75],{"class":62},[44,114355,17907],{"class":66},[44,114357,63],{"class":62},[44,114359,4391],{"class":58},[44,114361,114362],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,114363,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,114365,114366,114368,114370,114372],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,114367,136],{"class":135},[44,114369,120],{"class":58},[44,114371,17954],{"class":116},[44,114373,129],{"class":58},[44,114375,114376],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,114377,114378],{"class":147},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114380,21421,114381,114383],{},[15,114382,111279],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[30,114385,392],{"id":391},[20,114387,7714],{},[35,114389,114391],{"className":37,"code":114390,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114392,114393],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114394,114395,114397,114399,114401,114403,114405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114396,16122],{"class":50},[44,114398,113],{"class":58},[44,114400,30689],{"class":116},[44,114402,120],{"class":58},[44,114404,4224],{"class":116},[44,114406,129],{"class":58},[20,114408,80445],{},[252,114410,114411,114414,114417,114420,114423],{},[255,114412,114413],{},"A list",[255,114415,114416],{},"A tuple",[255,114418,114419],{},"Another set",[255,114421,114422],{},"A string",[255,114424,114425],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114427,114428],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[35,114430,114432],{"className":37,"code":114431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114433,114434],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114435,114436,114438,114440,114442,114444,114446,114448,114450,114452,114454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114437,16122],{"class":50},[44,114439,113],{"class":58},[44,114441,30689],{"class":116},[44,114443,120],{"class":58},[44,114445,625],{"class":116},[44,114447,83],{"class":58},[44,114449,3063],{"class":116},[44,114451,83],{"class":58},[44,114453,10169],{"class":116},[44,114455,129],{"class":58},[20,114457,269],{},[35,114459,114461],{"className":37,"code":114460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114462,114463,114475,114509,114513,114523],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114464,114465,114467,114469,114471,114473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114466,4327],{"class":50},[44,114468,55],{"class":54},[44,114470,59],{"class":58},[44,114472,1588],{"class":95},[44,114474,99],{"class":58},[44,114476,114477,114479,114481,114483,114485,114487,114489,114491,114493,114495,114497,114499,114501,114503,114505,114507],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114478,5860],{"class":50},[44,114480,113],{"class":58},[44,114482,30689],{"class":116},[44,114484,3492],{"class":58},[44,114486,2561],{"class":95},[44,114488,83],{"class":58},[44,114490,2955],{"class":95},[44,114492,18514],{"class":58},[44,114494,9728],{"class":58},[44,114496,3008],{"class":95},[44,114498,83],{"class":58},[44,114500,5108],{"class":95},[44,114502,9725],{"class":58},[44,114504,59],{"class":58},[44,114506,80836],{"class":95},[44,114508,30721],{"class":58},[44,114510,114511],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,114512,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,114514,114515,114517,114519,114521],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,114516,136],{"class":135},[44,114518,120],{"class":58},[44,114520,5860],{"class":116},[44,114522,129],{"class":58},[44,114524,114525],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,114526,114527],{"class":147},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114529,96569,114530,113],{},[625,114531,96577],{"href":98128},[30,114533,22408],{"id":22407},[20,114535,114536,2901,114538,113],{},[15,114537,97559],{},[15,114539,4282],{},[20,114541,12189],{},[35,114543,114545],{"className":37,"code":114544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114546,114547,114563,114585,114589,114599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114548,114549,114551,114553,114555,114557,114559,114561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114550,1551],{"class":50},[44,114552,55],{"class":54},[44,114554,59],{"class":58},[44,114556,1588],{"class":95},[44,114558,83],{"class":58},[44,114560,1717],{"class":95},[44,114562,99],{"class":58},[44,114564,114565,114567,114569,114571,114573,114575,114577,114579,114581,114583],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114566,1953],{"class":50},[44,114568,55],{"class":54},[44,114570,4767],{"class":50},[44,114572,113],{"class":58},[44,114574,30689],{"class":116},[44,114576,3492],{"class":58},[44,114578,2567],{"class":95},[44,114580,83],{"class":58},[44,114582,2961],{"class":95},[44,114584,4391],{"class":58},[44,114586,114587],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,114588,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,114590,114591,114593,114595,114597],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,114592,136],{"class":135},[44,114594,120],{"class":58},[44,114596,1984],{"class":116},[44,114598,129],{"class":58},[44,114600,114601],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,114602,62072],{"class":147},[20,114604,114605,114606,113],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114607,1984],{},[20,114609,19418],{},[35,114611,114613],{"className":37,"code":114612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114614,114615,114631,114649,114653,114663],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114616,114617,114619,114621,114623,114625,114627,114629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114618,1551],{"class":50},[44,114620,55],{"class":54},[44,114622,59],{"class":58},[44,114624,1588],{"class":95},[44,114626,83],{"class":58},[44,114628,1717],{"class":95},[44,114630,99],{"class":58},[44,114632,114633,114635,114637,114639,114641,114643,114645,114647],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114634,1579],{"class":50},[44,114636,113],{"class":58},[44,114638,30689],{"class":116},[44,114640,3492],{"class":58},[44,114642,2567],{"class":95},[44,114644,83],{"class":58},[44,114646,2961],{"class":95},[44,114648,4391],{"class":58},[44,114650,114651],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,114652,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,114654,114655,114657,114659,114661],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,114656,136],{"class":135},[44,114658,120],{"class":58},[44,114660,1579],{"class":116},[44,114662,129],{"class":58},[44,114664,114665],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,114666,114275],{"class":147},[30,114668,114670],{"id":114669},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114672,114673,114674,113],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114675,15410],{},[35,114677,114679],{"className":37,"code":114678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114680,114681,114697,114723,114727,114737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114682,114683,114685,114687,114689,114691,114693,114695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114684,1551],{"class":50},[44,114686,55],{"class":54},[44,114688,59],{"class":58},[44,114690,1588],{"class":95},[44,114692,83],{"class":58},[44,114694,1717],{"class":95},[44,114696,99],{"class":58},[44,114698,114699,114701,114703,114705,114707,114709,114711,114713,114715,114717,114719,114721],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114700,1579],{"class":50},[44,114702,113],{"class":58},[44,114704,30689],{"class":116},[44,114706,3492],{"class":58},[44,114708,2561],{"class":95},[44,114710,83],{"class":58},[44,114712,2955],{"class":95},[44,114714,83],{"class":58},[44,114716,2961],{"class":95},[44,114718,83],{"class":58},[44,114720,2961],{"class":95},[44,114722,4391],{"class":58},[44,114724,114725],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,114726,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,114728,114729,114731,114733,114735],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,114730,136],{"class":135},[44,114732,120],{"class":58},[44,114734,1579],{"class":116},[44,114736,129],{"class":58},[44,114738,114739],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,114740,114275],{"class":147},[20,114742,12158],{},[252,114744,114745,114750,114757],{},[255,114746,114747,114749],{},[15,114748,2561],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[255,114751,114752,976,114754,114756],{},[15,114753,2567],{},[15,114755,3008],{}," are added",[255,114758,114759,114760,114762],{},"The second ",[15,114761,3008],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114764,114765,114766,114769],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[625,114767,114768],{"href":99322},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[30,114771,114773],{"id":114772},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114775,8259,114776,114778],{},[15,114777,15410],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[35,114780,114782],{"className":37,"code":114781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114783,114784,114805,114826,114830,114846,114850,114860],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114785,114786,114789,114791,114793,114795,114797,114799,114801,114803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114787,114788],{"class":50},"set_a ",[44,114790,55],{"class":54},[44,114792,59],{"class":58},[44,114794,1588],{"class":95},[44,114796,83],{"class":58},[44,114798,1717],{"class":95},[44,114800,83],{"class":58},[44,114802,2955],{"class":95},[44,114804,99],{"class":58},[44,114806,114807,114810,114812,114814,114816,114818,114820,114822,114824],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114808,114809],{"class":50},"set_b ",[44,114811,55],{"class":54},[44,114813,59],{"class":58},[44,114815,2567],{"class":95},[44,114817,83],{"class":58},[44,114819,2961],{"class":95},[44,114821,83],{"class":58},[44,114823,5108],{"class":95},[44,114825,99],{"class":58},[44,114827,114828],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,114829,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,114831,114832,114835,114837,114839,114841,114844],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,114833,114834],{"class":50},"set_a",[44,114836,113],{"class":58},[44,114838,30689],{"class":116},[44,114840,120],{"class":58},[44,114842,114843],{"class":116},"set_b",[44,114845,129],{"class":58},[44,114847,114848],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,114849,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,114851,114852,114854,114856,114858],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,114853,136],{"class":135},[44,114855,120],{"class":58},[44,114857,114834],{"class":116},[44,114859,129],{"class":58},[44,114861,114862],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,114863,112236],{"class":147},[20,114865,114866],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114868,114869,114870,113],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[625,114871,114872],{"href":103041},[15,114873,108288],{},[35,114875,114877],{"className":37,"code":114876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114878,114879,114899,114919,114923,114943,114947,114958,114962,114972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114880,114881,114883,114885,114887,114889,114891,114893,114895,114897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114882,114788],{"class":50},[44,114884,55],{"class":54},[44,114886,59],{"class":58},[44,114888,1588],{"class":95},[44,114890,83],{"class":58},[44,114892,1717],{"class":95},[44,114894,83],{"class":58},[44,114896,2955],{"class":95},[44,114898,99],{"class":58},[44,114900,114901,114903,114905,114907,114909,114911,114913,114915,114917],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114902,114809],{"class":50},[44,114904,55],{"class":54},[44,114906,59],{"class":58},[44,114908,2567],{"class":95},[44,114910,83],{"class":58},[44,114912,2961],{"class":95},[44,114914,83],{"class":58},[44,114916,5108],{"class":95},[44,114918,99],{"class":58},[44,114920,114921],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,114922,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,114924,114925,114928,114930,114933,114935,114937,114939,114941],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,114926,114927],{"class":50},"combined ",[44,114929,55],{"class":54},[44,114931,114932],{"class":50}," set_a",[44,114934,113],{"class":58},[44,114936,111514],{"class":116},[44,114938,120],{"class":58},[44,114940,114843],{"class":116},[44,114942,129],{"class":58},[44,114944,114945],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,114946,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,114948,114949,114951,114953,114956],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,114950,136],{"class":135},[44,114952,120],{"class":58},[44,114954,114955],{"class":116},"combined",[44,114957,129],{"class":58},[44,114959,114960],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,114961,112236],{"class":147},[44,114963,114964,114966,114968,114970],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,114965,136],{"class":135},[44,114967,120],{"class":58},[44,114969,114834],{"class":116},[44,114971,129],{"class":58},[44,114973,114974],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,114975,114976],{"class":147},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[30,114978,114980],{"id":114979},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114982,64981,114983,114985],{},[15,114984,15410],{}," adds each character separately.",[35,114987,114989],{"className":37,"code":114988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114990,114991,115007,115025,115029,115039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114992,114993,114995,114997,114999,115001,115003,115005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114994,36320],{"class":50},[44,114996,55],{"class":54},[44,114998,59],{"class":58},[44,115000,63],{"class":62},[44,115002,1696],{"class":66},[44,115004,63],{"class":62},[44,115006,99],{"class":58},[44,115008,115009,115011,115013,115015,115017,115019,115021,115023],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115010,36373],{"class":50},[44,115012,113],{"class":58},[44,115014,30689],{"class":116},[44,115016,120],{"class":58},[44,115018,63],{"class":62},[44,115020,37278],{"class":66},[44,115022,63],{"class":62},[44,115024,129],{"class":58},[44,115026,115027],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,115028,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,115030,115031,115033,115035,115037],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,115032,136],{"class":135},[44,115034,120],{"class":58},[44,115036,36373],{"class":116},[44,115038,129],{"class":58},[44,115040,115041],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,115042,115043],{"class":147},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,115045,115046],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,115048,115049,588,115052,115054,115055,115057],{},[15,115050,115051],{},"update(\"cat\")",[590,115053,592],{}," add ",[15,115056,113281],{}," as one item. It adds:",[252,115059,115060,115064,115068],{},[255,115061,115062],{},[15,115063,66723],{},[255,115065,115066],{},[15,115067,18548],{},[255,115069,115070],{},[15,115071,113297],{},[20,115073,115074,115075,72],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[625,115076,115077],{"href":98745},[15,115078,96453],{},[35,115080,115082],{"className":37,"code":115081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115083,115084,115100,115118,115122,115132],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115085,115086,115088,115090,115092,115094,115096,115098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115087,4573],{"class":50},[44,115089,55],{"class":54},[44,115091,59],{"class":58},[44,115093,63],{"class":62},[44,115095,58367],{"class":66},[44,115097,63],{"class":62},[44,115099,99],{"class":58},[44,115101,115102,115104,115106,115108,115110,115112,115114,115116],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115103,4617],{"class":50},[44,115105,113],{"class":58},[44,115107,82348],{"class":116},[44,115109,120],{"class":58},[44,115111,63],{"class":62},[44,115113,37278],{"class":66},[44,115115,63],{"class":62},[44,115117,129],{"class":58},[44,115119,115120],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,115121,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,115123,115124,115126,115128,115130],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,115125,136],{"class":135},[44,115127,120],{"class":58},[44,115129,4617],{"class":116},[44,115131,129],{"class":58},[44,115133,115134],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,115135,115136],{"class":147},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[30,115138,115140,967,115142],{"id":115139},"update-vs-add",[15,115141,15410],{},[15,115143,96448],{},[20,115145,115146],{},"The difference is simple:",[252,115148,115149,115153],{},[255,115150,115151,97047],{},[15,115152,96448],{},[255,115154,115155,97052],{},[15,115156,15410],{},[20,115158,46276,115159,72],{},[15,115160,96448],{},[35,115162,115164],{"className":37,"code":115163,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,115165,115166,115182,115200,115204,115214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115167,115168,115170,115172,115174,115176,115178,115180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115169,36469],{"class":50},[44,115171,55],{"class":54},[44,115173,59],{"class":58},[44,115175,63],{"class":62},[44,115177,4582],{"class":66},[44,115179,63],{"class":62},[44,115181,99],{"class":58},[44,115183,115184,115186,115188,115190,115192,115194,115196,115198],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115185,36521],{"class":50},[44,115187,113],{"class":58},[44,115189,82348],{"class":116},[44,115191,120],{"class":58},[44,115193,63],{"class":62},[44,115195,4591],{"class":66},[44,115197,63],{"class":62},[44,115199,129],{"class":58},[44,115201,115202],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,115203,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,115205,115206,115208,115210,115212],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,115207,136],{"class":135},[44,115209,120],{"class":58},[44,115211,36521],{"class":116},[44,115213,129],{"class":58},[44,115215,115216],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,115217,115218],{"class":147},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,115220,46276,115221,72],{},[15,115222,15410],{},[35,115224,115226],{"className":37,"code":115225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115227,115228,115244,115270,115274,115284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115229,115230,115232,115234,115236,115238,115240,115242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115231,36469],{"class":50},[44,115233,55],{"class":54},[44,115235,59],{"class":58},[44,115237,63],{"class":62},[44,115239,4582],{"class":66},[44,115241,63],{"class":62},[44,115243,99],{"class":58},[44,115245,115246,115248,115250,115252,115254,115256,115258,115260,115262,115264,115266,115268],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115247,36521],{"class":50},[44,115249,113],{"class":58},[44,115251,30689],{"class":116},[44,115253,3492],{"class":58},[44,115255,63],{"class":62},[44,115257,4591],{"class":66},[44,115259,63],{"class":62},[44,115261,83],{"class":58},[44,115263,75],{"class":62},[44,115265,33447],{"class":66},[44,115267,63],{"class":62},[44,115269,4391],{"class":58},[44,115271,115272],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,115273,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,115275,115276,115278,115280,115282],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,115277,136],{"class":135},[44,115279,120],{"class":58},[44,115281,36521],{"class":116},[44,115283,129],{"class":58},[44,115285,115286],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,115287,115288],{"class":147},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115290,115291],{},"Important warning with strings:",[35,115293,115295],{"className":37,"code":115294,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115296,115297,115313,115331,115335,115345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115298,115299,115301,115303,115305,115307,115309,115311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115300,36469],{"class":50},[44,115302,55],{"class":54},[44,115304,59],{"class":58},[44,115306,63],{"class":62},[44,115308,4582],{"class":66},[44,115310,63],{"class":62},[44,115312,99],{"class":58},[44,115314,115315,115317,115319,115321,115323,115325,115327,115329],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115316,36521],{"class":50},[44,115318,113],{"class":58},[44,115320,30689],{"class":116},[44,115322,120],{"class":58},[44,115324,63],{"class":62},[44,115326,38573],{"class":66},[44,115328,63],{"class":62},[44,115330,129],{"class":58},[44,115332,115333],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,115334,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,115336,115337,115339,115341,115343],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,115338,136],{"class":135},[44,115340,120],{"class":58},[44,115342,36521],{"class":116},[44,115344,129],{"class":58},[44,115346,115347],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,115348,115349],{"class":147},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115351,62347,115352,62420,115355,765],{},[15,115353,115354],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115356,96448],{},[30,115358,115360,967,115362],{"id":115359},"update-vs-union",[15,115361,15410],{},[15,115363,103044],{},[20,115365,115366],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[981,115368,115369],{"id":30689},[15,115370,15410],{},[252,115372,115373,115376],{},[255,115374,115375],{},"Changes the existing set",[255,115377,11901,115378],{},[15,115379,4282],{},[35,115381,115383],{"className":37,"code":115382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115384,115385,115401,115417,115421,115435,115445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115386,115387,115389,115391,115393,115395,115397,115399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115388,3058],{"class":50},[44,115390,55],{"class":54},[44,115392,59],{"class":58},[44,115394,1588],{"class":95},[44,115396,83],{"class":58},[44,115398,1717],{"class":95},[44,115400,99],{"class":58},[44,115402,115403,115405,115407,115409,115411,115413,115415],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115404,3086],{"class":50},[44,115406,55],{"class":54},[44,115408,59],{"class":58},[44,115410,2561],{"class":95},[44,115412,83],{"class":58},[44,115414,2955],{"class":95},[44,115416,99],{"class":58},[44,115418,115419],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,115420,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,115422,115423,115425,115427,115429,115431,115433],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,115424,625],{"class":50},[44,115426,113],{"class":58},[44,115428,30689],{"class":116},[44,115430,120],{"class":58},[44,115432,639],{"class":116},[44,115434,129],{"class":58},[44,115436,115437,115439,115441,115443],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,115438,136],{"class":135},[44,115440,120],{"class":58},[44,115442,625],{"class":116},[44,115444,129],{"class":58},[44,115446,115447],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,115448,114976],{"class":147},[981,115450,115451],{"id":111514},[15,115452,103044],{},[252,115454,115455,115457],{},[255,115456,101582],{},[255,115458,101585],{},[35,115460,115462],{"className":37,"code":115461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115463,115464,115480,115496,115500,115518,115528,115532,115542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115465,115466,115468,115470,115472,115474,115476,115478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115467,3058],{"class":50},[44,115469,55],{"class":54},[44,115471,59],{"class":58},[44,115473,1588],{"class":95},[44,115475,83],{"class":58},[44,115477,1717],{"class":95},[44,115479,99],{"class":58},[44,115481,115482,115484,115486,115488,115490,115492,115494],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115483,3086],{"class":50},[44,115485,55],{"class":54},[44,115487,59],{"class":58},[44,115489,2561],{"class":95},[44,115491,83],{"class":58},[44,115493,2955],{"class":95},[44,115495,99],{"class":58},[44,115497,115498],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,115499,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,115501,115502,115504,115506,115508,115510,115512,115514,115516],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,115503,83428],{"class":50},[44,115505,55],{"class":54},[44,115507,57127],{"class":50},[44,115509,113],{"class":58},[44,115511,111514],{"class":116},[44,115513,120],{"class":58},[44,115515,639],{"class":116},[44,115517,129],{"class":58},[44,115519,115520,115522,115524,115526],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,115521,136],{"class":135},[44,115523,120],{"class":58},[44,115525,696],{"class":116},[44,115527,129],{"class":58},[44,115529,115530],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,115531,114976],{"class":147},[44,115533,115534,115536,115538,115540],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,115535,136],{"class":135},[44,115537,120],{"class":58},[44,115539,625],{"class":116},[44,115541,129],{"class":58},[44,115543,115544],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,115545,115546],{"class":147},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115548,107930,115549,115551,115552,115556],{},[15,115550,15410],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[625,115553,115554],{"href":103041},[15,115555,103044],{}," when you want a new set.",[30,115558,115560],{"id":115559},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115562,11228,115563,113],{},[15,115564,97559],{},[981,115566,115568],{"id":115567},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115570,115571],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[35,115573,115575],{"className":37,"code":115574,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115576,115577,115593,115615,115619,115629],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115578,115579,115581,115583,115585,115587,115589,115591],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115580,16084],{"class":50},[44,115582,55],{"class":54},[44,115584,59],{"class":58},[44,115586,1588],{"class":95},[44,115588,83],{"class":58},[44,115590,1717],{"class":95},[44,115592,99],{"class":58},[44,115594,115595,115597,115599,115601,115603,115605,115607,115609,115611,115613],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115596,1953],{"class":50},[44,115598,55],{"class":54},[44,115600,97169],{"class":50},[44,115602,113],{"class":58},[44,115604,30689],{"class":116},[44,115606,3492],{"class":58},[44,115608,2567],{"class":95},[44,115610,83],{"class":58},[44,115612,2961],{"class":95},[44,115614,4391],{"class":58},[44,115616,115617],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,115618,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,115620,115621,115623,115625,115627],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,115622,136],{"class":135},[44,115624,120],{"class":58},[44,115626,1984],{"class":116},[44,115628,129],{"class":58},[44,115630,115631],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,115632,62072],{"class":147},[20,115634,115635,115636,72],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115637,15410],{},[35,115639,115641],{"className":37,"code":115640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115642,115643,115659,115677,115681,115691],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115644,115645,115647,115649,115651,115653,115655,115657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115646,16084],{"class":50},[44,115648,55],{"class":54},[44,115650,59],{"class":58},[44,115652,1588],{"class":95},[44,115654,83],{"class":58},[44,115656,1717],{"class":95},[44,115658,99],{"class":58},[44,115660,115661,115663,115665,115667,115669,115671,115673,115675],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115662,16122],{"class":50},[44,115664,113],{"class":58},[44,115666,30689],{"class":116},[44,115668,3492],{"class":58},[44,115670,2567],{"class":95},[44,115672,83],{"class":58},[44,115674,2961],{"class":95},[44,115676,4391],{"class":58},[44,115678,115679],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,115680,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,115682,115683,115685,115687,115689],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,115684,136],{"class":135},[44,115686,120],{"class":58},[44,115688,16122],{"class":116},[44,115690,129],{"class":58},[44,115692,115693],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,115694,114275],{"class":147},[981,115696,115698],{"id":115697},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115700,3342],{},[35,115702,115704],{"className":37,"code":115703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115705,115706,115722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115707,115708,115710,115712,115714,115716,115718,115720],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115709,16084],{"class":50},[44,115711,55],{"class":54},[44,115713,59],{"class":58},[44,115715,1588],{"class":95},[44,115717,83],{"class":58},[44,115719,1717],{"class":95},[44,115721,99],{"class":58},[44,115723,115724,115726,115728,115730,115732,115734],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115725,16122],{"class":50},[44,115727,113],{"class":58},[44,115729,30689],{"class":116},[44,115731,120],{"class":58},[44,115733,2643],{"class":95},[44,115735,129],{"class":58},[20,115737,62526,115738,9096,115740,115742],{},[15,115739,3511],{},[15,115741,2643],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115744,7053],{},[35,115746,115748],{"className":37,"code":115747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115749,115750,115766,115780,115784,115794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115751,115752,115754,115756,115758,115760,115762,115764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115753,16084],{"class":50},[44,115755,55],{"class":54},[44,115757,59],{"class":58},[44,115759,1588],{"class":95},[44,115761,83],{"class":58},[44,115763,1717],{"class":95},[44,115765,99],{"class":58},[44,115767,115768,115770,115772,115774,115776,115778],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115769,16122],{"class":50},[44,115771,113],{"class":58},[44,115773,30689],{"class":116},[44,115775,3492],{"class":58},[44,115777,2643],{"class":95},[44,115779,4391],{"class":58},[44,115781,115782],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,115783,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,115785,115786,115788,115790,115792],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,115787,136],{"class":135},[44,115789,120],{"class":58},[44,115791,16122],{"class":116},[44,115793,129],{"class":58},[44,115795,115796],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,115797,115798],{"class":147},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115800,46149,115801,113],{},[625,115802,26116,115803],{"href":52838},[15,115804,115805],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[981,115807,115809],{"id":115808},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115811,115812],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[35,115814,115816],{"className":37,"code":115815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115817,115818,115834,115860,115864,115874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115819,115820,115822,115824,115826,115828,115830,115832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115821,16084],{"class":50},[44,115823,55],{"class":54},[44,115825,59],{"class":58},[44,115827,1588],{"class":95},[44,115829,83],{"class":58},[44,115831,1717],{"class":95},[44,115833,99],{"class":58},[44,115835,115836,115838,115840,115842,115844,115846,115848,115850,115852,115854,115856,115858],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115837,16122],{"class":50},[44,115839,113],{"class":58},[44,115841,30689],{"class":116},[44,115843,3492],{"class":58},[44,115845,2561],{"class":95},[44,115847,83],{"class":58},[44,115849,1717],{"class":95},[44,115851,83],{"class":58},[44,115853,1717],{"class":95},[44,115855,83],{"class":58},[44,115857,2955],{"class":95},[44,115859,4391],{"class":58},[44,115861,115862],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,115863,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,115865,115866,115868,115870,115872],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,115867,136],{"class":135},[44,115869,120],{"class":58},[44,115871,16122],{"class":116},[44,115873,129],{"class":58},[44,115875,115876],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,115877,114976],{"class":147},[981,115879,115881,115882,44865,115884,115886],{"id":115880},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115883,15410],{},[15,115885,96448],{}," is better",[20,115888,115889,115890,115892],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115891,96448],{}," is usually the better choice.",[35,115894,115896],{"className":37,"code":115895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115897,115898,115914,115932,115936,115946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115899,115900,115902,115904,115906,115908,115910,115912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115901,16084],{"class":50},[44,115903,55],{"class":54},[44,115905,59],{"class":58},[44,115907,63],{"class":62},[44,115909,58367],{"class":66},[44,115911,63],{"class":62},[44,115913,99],{"class":58},[44,115915,115916,115918,115920,115922,115924,115926,115928,115930],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115917,16122],{"class":50},[44,115919,113],{"class":58},[44,115921,82348],{"class":116},[44,115923,120],{"class":58},[44,115925,63],{"class":62},[44,115927,37278],{"class":66},[44,115929,63],{"class":62},[44,115931,129],{"class":58},[44,115933,115934],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,115935,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,115937,115938,115940,115942,115944],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,115939,136],{"class":135},[44,115941,120],{"class":58},[44,115943,16122],{"class":116},[44,115945,129],{"class":58},[44,115947,115948],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,115949,115136],{"class":147},[30,115951,2301],{"id":2300},[981,115953,2329,115955,97538],{"id":115954},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115956,97559],{},[20,115958,97541,115959,113],{},[15,115960,4282],{},[981,115962,2339,115963,32452],{"id":32449},[15,115964,15410],{},[20,115966,115967],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[981,115969,2358,115971,976,115973,2363],{"id":115970},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115972,96448],{},[15,115974,15410],{},[20,115976,115977,115979,115980,115982],{},[15,115978,96448],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115981,15410],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[981,115984,115986],{"id":115985},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115988,115989,115990,114985],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115991,15410],{},[981,115993,115995],{"id":115994},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115997,227,115998,2037,116000,113],{},[15,115999,103044],{},[15,116001,15410],{},[30,116003,2375],{"id":2374},[252,116005,116006,116013,116020,116026,116032],{},[255,116007,116008],{},[625,116009,116010],{"href":98745},[15,116011,116012],{},"Python set add() method",[255,116014,116015],{},[625,116016,116017],{"href":103041},[15,116018,116019],{},"Python set union() method",[255,116021,116022],{},[625,116023,116024],{"href":98128},[15,116025,97583],{},[255,116027,116028],{},[625,116029,116030],{"href":99322},[15,116031,100589],{},[255,116033,116034],{},[625,116035,116036,116038],{"href":52838},[15,116037,115805],{}," fix",[20,116040,116041,116042,116044,116045,116047],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,116043,96453],{}," for a single value and ",[15,116046,108288],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2414,116049,116050],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":116052},[116053,116054,116056,116057,116058,116059,116060,116061,116063,116068,116075,116084],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":114283,"depth":102,"text":116055},"What set.update() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":22407,"depth":102,"text":22408},{"id":114669,"depth":102,"text":114670},{"id":114772,"depth":102,"text":114773},{"id":114979,"depth":102,"text":114980},{"id":115139,"depth":102,"text":116062},"update() vs add()",{"id":115359,"depth":102,"text":116064,"children":116065},"update() vs union()",[116066,116067],{"id":30689,"depth":132,"text":15410},{"id":111514,"depth":132,"text":103044},{"id":115559,"depth":102,"text":115560,"children":116069},[116070,116071,116072,116073],{"id":115567,"depth":132,"text":115568},{"id":115697,"depth":132,"text":115698},{"id":115808,"depth":132,"text":115809},{"id":115880,"depth":132,"text":116074},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":116076},[116077,116079,116080,116082,116083],{"id":115954,"depth":132,"text":116078},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32449,"depth":132,"text":32522},{"id":115970,"depth":132,"text":116081},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115985,"depth":132,"text":115986},{"id":115994,"depth":132,"text":115995},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114195,"description":116085},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":116091,"title":116092,"body":116093,"description":117859,"extension":2465,"meta":117860,"navigation":169,"path":14249,"seo":117861,"stem":117862,"__hash__":117863},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":116094,"toc":117834},[116095,116098,116101,116104,116115,116123,116126,116128,116277,116289,116293,116310,116314,116322,116324,116335,116337,116434,116440,116443,116539,116548,116553,116557,116562,116564,116574,116576,116685,116693,116697,116700,116703,116720,116726,116806,116809,116813,116816,116820,116823,116882,116885,116889,116892,116984,116988,116991,117098,117102,117108,117136,117138,117220,117230,117234,117237,117248,117251,117336,117339,117344,117348,117351,117362,117365,117507,117510,117514,117517,117531,117534,117595,117601,117603,117606,117628,117631,117731,117734,117766,117768,117772,117775,117777,117780,117784,117787,117791,117794,117798,117801,117803,117831],[10,116096,116092],{"id":116097},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,116099,116100],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,116102,116103],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[252,116105,116106,116109,116112],{},[255,116107,116108],{},"a list inside another list",[255,116110,116111],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[255,116113,116114],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,116116,100511,116117,976,116119,116122],{},[590,116118,13314],{},[590,116120,116121],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,116124,116125],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[30,116127,2507],{"id":2506},[35,116129,116131],{"className":37,"code":116130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116132,116133,116140,116144,116170,116190,116210,116214,116232,116236,116249,116263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116134,116135,116137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116136,35319],{"class":1140},[44,116138,116139],{"class":50}," copy\n",[44,116141,116142],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116143,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,116145,116146,116148,116150,116152,116154,116156,116158,116160,116162,116164,116166,116168],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,116147,12558],{"class":50},[44,116149,55],{"class":54},[44,116151,56533],{"class":58},[44,116153,1588],{"class":95},[44,116155,83],{"class":58},[44,116157,1717],{"class":95},[44,116159,18514],{"class":58},[44,116161,1556],{"class":58},[44,116163,2567],{"class":95},[44,116165,83],{"class":58},[44,116167,2961],{"class":95},[44,116169,53481],{"class":58},[44,116171,116172,116175,116177,116180,116182,116184,116186,116188],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,116173,116174],{"class":50},"shallow ",[44,116176,55],{"class":54},[44,116178,116179],{"class":50}," copy",[44,116181,113],{"class":58},[44,116183,13374],{"class":116},[44,116185,120],{"class":58},[44,116187,12605],{"class":116},[44,116189,129],{"class":58},[44,116191,116192,116195,116197,116199,116201,116204,116206,116208],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,116193,116194],{"class":50},"deep ",[44,116196,55],{"class":54},[44,116198,116179],{"class":50},[44,116200,113],{"class":58},[44,116202,116203],{"class":116},"deepcopy",[44,116205,120],{"class":58},[44,116207,12605],{"class":116},[44,116209,129],{"class":58},[44,116211,116212],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,116213,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,116215,116216,116218,116220,116222,116224,116226,116228,116230],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,116217,12605],{"class":50},[44,116219,896],{"class":58},[44,116221,2626],{"class":95},[44,116223,14009],{"class":58},[44,116225,14012],{"class":116},[44,116227,120],{"class":58},[44,116229,56586],{"class":95},[44,116231,129],{"class":58},[44,116233,116234],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,116235,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,116237,116238,116240,116242,116244,116246],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,116239,136],{"class":135},[44,116241,120],{"class":58},[44,116243,12605],{"class":116},[44,116245,144],{"class":58},[44,116247,116248],{"class":147},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,116250,116251,116253,116255,116258,116260],{"class":46,"line":6935},[44,116252,136],{"class":135},[44,116254,120],{"class":58},[44,116256,116257],{"class":116},"shallow",[44,116259,144],{"class":58},[44,116261,116262],{"class":147},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,116264,116265,116267,116269,116272,116274],{"class":46,"line":12069},[44,116266,136],{"class":135},[44,116268,120],{"class":58},[44,116270,116271],{"class":116},"deep",[44,116273,144],{"class":58},[44,116275,116276],{"class":147},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116278,227,116279,116282,116283,976,116285,116288],{},[15,116280,116281],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[590,116284,13314],{},[15,116286,116287],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[30,116290,116292],{"id":116291},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[252,116294,116295,116298,116301,116304,116307],{},[255,116296,116297],{},"What a copy means in Python",[255,116299,116300],{},"How shallow copy works",[255,116302,116303],{},"How deep copy works",[255,116305,116306],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[255,116308,116309],{},"When to use each approach",[30,116311,116313],{"id":116312},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116315,15645,116316,116318,116319,116321],{},[590,116317,13314],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[590,116320,592],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116323,2613],{},[252,116325,116326,116329,116332],{},[255,116327,116328],{},"the outer container is new",[255,116330,116331],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[255,116333,116334],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116336,269],{},[35,116338,116340],{"className":37,"code":116339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116341,116342,116368,116382,116386,116404,116408,116421],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116343,116344,116346,116348,116350,116352,116354,116356,116358,116360,116362,116364,116366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116345,12558],{"class":50},[44,116347,55],{"class":54},[44,116349,56533],{"class":58},[44,116351,1588],{"class":95},[44,116353,83],{"class":58},[44,116355,1717],{"class":95},[44,116357,18514],{"class":58},[44,116359,1556],{"class":58},[44,116361,2567],{"class":95},[44,116363,83],{"class":58},[44,116365,2961],{"class":95},[44,116367,53481],{"class":58},[44,116369,116370,116372,116374,116376,116378,116380],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116371,14770],{"class":50},[44,116373,55],{"class":54},[44,116375,12633],{"class":50},[44,116377,113],{"class":58},[44,116379,13374],{"class":116},[44,116381,9138],{"class":58},[44,116383,116384],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,116385,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,116387,116388,116390,116392,116394,116396,116398,116400,116402],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,116389,14789],{"class":50},[44,116391,113],{"class":58},[44,116393,14012],{"class":116},[44,116395,3492],{"class":58},[44,116397,2643],{"class":95},[44,116399,83],{"class":58},[44,116401,37875],{"class":95},[44,116403,4391],{"class":58},[44,116405,116406],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,116407,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,116409,116410,116412,116414,116416,116418],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,116411,136],{"class":135},[44,116413,120],{"class":58},[44,116415,12605],{"class":116},[44,116417,144],{"class":58},[44,116419,116420],{"class":147},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[44,116422,116423,116425,116427,116429,116431],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,116424,136],{"class":135},[44,116426,120],{"class":58},[44,116428,14789],{"class":116},[44,116430,144],{"class":58},[44,116432,116433],{"class":147},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116435,116436,116437,116439],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116438,14789],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116441,116442],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[35,116444,116446],{"className":37,"code":116445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116447,116448,116474,116488,116492,116510,116514,116526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116449,116450,116452,116454,116456,116458,116460,116462,116464,116466,116468,116470,116472],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116451,12558],{"class":50},[44,116453,55],{"class":54},[44,116455,56533],{"class":58},[44,116457,1588],{"class":95},[44,116459,83],{"class":58},[44,116461,1717],{"class":95},[44,116463,18514],{"class":58},[44,116465,1556],{"class":58},[44,116467,2567],{"class":95},[44,116469,83],{"class":58},[44,116471,2961],{"class":95},[44,116473,53481],{"class":58},[44,116475,116476,116478,116480,116482,116484,116486],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116477,14770],{"class":50},[44,116479,55],{"class":54},[44,116481,12633],{"class":50},[44,116483,113],{"class":58},[44,116485,13374],{"class":116},[44,116487,9138],{"class":58},[44,116489,116490],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,116491,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,116493,116494,116496,116498,116500,116502,116504,116506,116508],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,116495,14789],{"class":50},[44,116497,896],{"class":58},[44,116499,2626],{"class":95},[44,116501,14009],{"class":58},[44,116503,14012],{"class":116},[44,116505,120],{"class":58},[44,116507,56586],{"class":95},[44,116509,129],{"class":58},[44,116511,116512],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,116513,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,116515,116516,116518,116520,116522,116524],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,116517,136],{"class":135},[44,116519,120],{"class":58},[44,116521,12605],{"class":116},[44,116523,144],{"class":58},[44,116525,116248],{"class":147},[44,116527,116528,116530,116532,116534,116536],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,116529,136],{"class":135},[44,116531,120],{"class":58},[44,116533,14789],{"class":116},[44,116535,144],{"class":58},[44,116537,116538],{"class":147},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116540,116541,116542,976,116544,116547],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116543,56690],{},[15,116545,116546],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116549,116550,116551,113],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[625,116552,44171],{"href":12537},[30,116554,116556],{"id":116555},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116558,15645,116559,116561],{},[590,116560,116121],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116563,2613],{},[252,116565,116566,116568,116571],{},[255,116567,116328],{},[255,116569,116570],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[255,116572,116573],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116575,269],{},[35,116577,116579],{"className":37,"code":116578,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116580,116581,116587,116591,116617,116635,116639,116657,116661,116673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116582,116583,116585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116584,35319],{"class":1140},[44,116586,116139],{"class":50},[44,116588,116589],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116590,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,116592,116593,116595,116597,116599,116601,116603,116605,116607,116609,116611,116613,116615],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,116594,12558],{"class":50},[44,116596,55],{"class":54},[44,116598,56533],{"class":58},[44,116600,1588],{"class":95},[44,116602,83],{"class":58},[44,116604,1717],{"class":95},[44,116606,18514],{"class":58},[44,116608,1556],{"class":58},[44,116610,2567],{"class":95},[44,116612,83],{"class":58},[44,116614,2961],{"class":95},[44,116616,53481],{"class":58},[44,116618,116619,116621,116623,116625,116627,116629,116631,116633],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,116620,14770],{"class":50},[44,116622,55],{"class":54},[44,116624,116179],{"class":50},[44,116626,113],{"class":58},[44,116628,116203],{"class":116},[44,116630,120],{"class":58},[44,116632,12605],{"class":116},[44,116634,129],{"class":58},[44,116636,116637],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,116638,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,116640,116641,116643,116645,116647,116649,116651,116653,116655],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,116642,14789],{"class":50},[44,116644,896],{"class":58},[44,116646,2626],{"class":95},[44,116648,14009],{"class":58},[44,116650,14012],{"class":116},[44,116652,120],{"class":58},[44,116654,56586],{"class":95},[44,116656,129],{"class":58},[44,116658,116659],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,116660,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,116662,116663,116665,116667,116669,116671],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,116664,136],{"class":135},[44,116666,120],{"class":58},[44,116668,12605],{"class":116},[44,116670,144],{"class":58},[44,116672,116420],{"class":147},[44,116674,116675,116677,116679,116681,116683],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,116676,136],{"class":135},[44,116678,120],{"class":58},[44,116680,14789],{"class":116},[44,116682,144],{"class":58},[44,116684,116538],{"class":147},[20,116686,116687,116688,116690,116691,113],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116689,116546],{}," does not change ",[15,116692,56690],{},[30,116694,116696],{"id":116695},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116698,116699],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116701,116702],{},"Common reasons:",[252,116704,116705,116708,116711,116717],{},[255,116706,116707],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[255,116709,116710],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[255,116712,116713,116714,116716],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116715,55],{}," does not make a copy",[255,116718,116719],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116721,116722,116723,116725],{},"For example, this does ",[590,116724,592],{}," create a copy:",[35,116727,116729],{"className":37,"code":116728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116730,116731,116751,116759,116763,116777,116781,116793],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116732,116733,116735,116737,116739,116741,116743,116745,116747,116749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116734,12558],{"class":50},[44,116736,55],{"class":54},[44,116738,1556],{"class":58},[44,116740,1588],{"class":95},[44,116742,83],{"class":58},[44,116744,1717],{"class":95},[44,116746,83],{"class":58},[44,116748,2955],{"class":95},[44,116750,1153],{"class":58},[44,116752,116753,116755,116757],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116754,14770],{"class":50},[44,116756,55],{"class":54},[44,116758,12596],{"class":50},[44,116760,116761],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,116762,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,116764,116765,116767,116769,116771,116773,116775],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,116766,14789],{"class":50},[44,116768,113],{"class":58},[44,116770,14012],{"class":116},[44,116772,120],{"class":58},[44,116774,3008],{"class":95},[44,116776,129],{"class":58},[44,116778,116779],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,116780,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,116782,116783,116785,116787,116789,116791],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,116784,136],{"class":135},[44,116786,120],{"class":58},[44,116788,12605],{"class":116},[44,116790,144],{"class":58},[44,116792,55940],{"class":147},[44,116794,116795,116797,116799,116801,116803],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,116796,136],{"class":135},[44,116798,120],{"class":58},[44,116800,14789],{"class":116},[44,116802,144],{"class":58},[44,116804,116805],{"class":147},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116807,116808],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[30,116810,116812],{"id":116811},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116814,116815],{},"These three ideas are different.",[981,116817,116819],{"id":116818},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116821,116822],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[35,116824,116826],{"className":37,"code":116825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116827,116828,116854,116862,116866],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116829,116830,116832,116834,116836,116838,116840,116842,116844,116846,116848,116850,116852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116831,12558],{"class":50},[44,116833,55],{"class":54},[44,116835,56533],{"class":58},[44,116837,1588],{"class":95},[44,116839,83],{"class":58},[44,116841,1717],{"class":95},[44,116843,18514],{"class":58},[44,116845,1556],{"class":58},[44,116847,2567],{"class":95},[44,116849,83],{"class":58},[44,116851,2961],{"class":95},[44,116853,53481],{"class":58},[44,116855,116856,116858,116860],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116857,14561],{"class":50},[44,116859,55],{"class":54},[44,116861,12596],{"class":50},[44,116863,116864],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,116865,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,116867,116868,116870,116872,116874,116876,116878,116880],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,116869,136],{"class":135},[44,116871,120],{"class":58},[44,116873,12558],{"class":116},[44,116875,12666],{"class":1140},[44,116877,14629],{"class":116},[44,116879,144],{"class":58},[44,116881,4168],{"class":147},[20,116883,116884],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[981,116886,116888],{"id":116887},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116890,116891],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[35,116893,116895],{"className":37,"code":116894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116896,116897,116923,116937,116941,116958],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116898,116899,116901,116903,116905,116907,116909,116911,116913,116915,116917,116919,116921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116900,12558],{"class":50},[44,116902,55],{"class":54},[44,116904,56533],{"class":58},[44,116906,1588],{"class":95},[44,116908,83],{"class":58},[44,116910,1717],{"class":95},[44,116912,18514],{"class":58},[44,116914,1556],{"class":58},[44,116916,2567],{"class":95},[44,116918,83],{"class":58},[44,116920,2961],{"class":95},[44,116922,53481],{"class":58},[44,116924,116925,116927,116929,116931,116933,116935],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116926,116174],{"class":50},[44,116928,55],{"class":54},[44,116930,12633],{"class":50},[44,116932,113],{"class":58},[44,116934,13374],{"class":116},[44,116936,9138],{"class":58},[44,116938,116939],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,116940,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,116942,116943,116945,116947,116949,116951,116954,116956],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,116944,136],{"class":135},[44,116946,120],{"class":58},[44,116948,12558],{"class":116},[44,116950,12666],{"class":1140},[44,116952,116953],{"class":116}," shallow",[44,116955,144],{"class":58},[44,116957,21643],{"class":147},[44,116959,116960,116962,116964,116966,116968,116970,116972,116974,116976,116978,116980,116982],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,116961,136],{"class":135},[44,116963,120],{"class":58},[44,116965,12605],{"class":116},[44,116967,896],{"class":58},[44,116969,2626],{"class":95},[44,116971,905],{"class":58},[44,116973,8591],{"class":1140},[44,116975,116953],{"class":116},[44,116977,896],{"class":58},[44,116979,2626],{"class":95},[44,116981,20892],{"class":58},[44,116983,4168],{"class":147},[981,116985,116987],{"id":116986},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116989,116990],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[35,116992,116994],{"className":37,"code":116993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116995,116996,117002,117006,117032,117050,117054,117072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116997,116998,117000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116999,35319],{"class":1140},[44,117001,116139],{"class":50},[44,117003,117004],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117005,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,117007,117008,117010,117012,117014,117016,117018,117020,117022,117024,117026,117028,117030],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,117009,12558],{"class":50},[44,117011,55],{"class":54},[44,117013,56533],{"class":58},[44,117015,1588],{"class":95},[44,117017,83],{"class":58},[44,117019,1717],{"class":95},[44,117021,18514],{"class":58},[44,117023,1556],{"class":58},[44,117025,2567],{"class":95},[44,117027,83],{"class":58},[44,117029,2961],{"class":95},[44,117031,53481],{"class":58},[44,117033,117034,117036,117038,117040,117042,117044,117046,117048],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,117035,116194],{"class":50},[44,117037,55],{"class":54},[44,117039,116179],{"class":50},[44,117041,113],{"class":58},[44,117043,116203],{"class":116},[44,117045,120],{"class":58},[44,117047,12605],{"class":116},[44,117049,129],{"class":58},[44,117051,117052],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,117053,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,117055,117056,117058,117060,117062,117064,117067,117069],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,117057,136],{"class":135},[44,117059,120],{"class":58},[44,117061,12558],{"class":116},[44,117063,12666],{"class":1140},[44,117065,117066],{"class":116}," deep",[44,117068,144],{"class":58},[44,117070,117071],{"class":147},"         # False\n",[44,117073,117074,117076,117078,117080,117082,117084,117086,117088,117090,117092,117094,117096],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,117075,136],{"class":135},[44,117077,120],{"class":58},[44,117079,12605],{"class":116},[44,117081,896],{"class":58},[44,117083,2626],{"class":95},[44,117085,905],{"class":58},[44,117087,8591],{"class":1140},[44,117089,117066],{"class":116},[44,117091,896],{"class":58},[44,117093,2626],{"class":95},[44,117095,20892],{"class":58},[44,117097,44107],{"class":147},[30,117099,117101],{"id":117100},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,117103,117104,117105,72],{},"These all make ",[590,117106,117107],{},"shallow copies",[252,117109,117110,117114,117118,117123,117129],{},[255,117111,117112],{},[15,117113,55840],{},[255,117115,117116],{},[15,117117,12907],{},[255,117119,117120],{},[15,117121,117122],{},"set.copy()",[255,117124,117125,117126],{},"list slicing like ",[15,117127,117128],{},"my_list[:]",[255,117130,117131,117133,117134,35309],{},[15,117132,116281],{}," from the ",[15,117135,13374],{},[20,117137,2632],{},[35,117139,117141],{"className":37,"code":117140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,117142,117143,117163,117167,117181,117192,117196,117208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117144,117145,117147,117149,117151,117153,117155,117157,117159,117161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117146,1551],{"class":50},[44,117148,55],{"class":54},[44,117150,1556],{"class":58},[44,117152,1588],{"class":95},[44,117154,83],{"class":58},[44,117156,1717],{"class":95},[44,117158,83],{"class":58},[44,117160,2955],{"class":95},[44,117162,1153],{"class":58},[44,117164,117165],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117166,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,117168,117169,117171,117173,117175,117177,117179],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,117170,3058],{"class":50},[44,117172,55],{"class":54},[44,117174,4767],{"class":50},[44,117176,113],{"class":58},[44,117178,13374],{"class":116},[44,117180,9138],{"class":58},[44,117182,117183,117185,117187,117189],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,117184,3086],{"class":50},[44,117186,55],{"class":54},[44,117188,4767],{"class":50},[44,117190,117191],{"class":58},"[:]\n",[44,117193,117194],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,117195,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,117197,117198,117200,117202,117204,117206],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,117199,136],{"class":135},[44,117201,120],{"class":58},[44,117203,625],{"class":116},[44,117205,144],{"class":58},[44,117207,55171],{"class":147},[44,117209,117210,117212,117214,117216,117218],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,117211,136],{"class":135},[44,117213,120],{"class":58},[44,117215,639],{"class":116},[44,117217,144],{"class":58},[44,117219,55171],{"class":147},[20,117221,73382,117222,47770,117226,113],{},[625,117223,117224,11221],{"href":55199},[15,117225,55840],{},[625,117227,117228,11221],{"href":12904},[15,117229,12907],{},[30,117231,117233],{"id":117232},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117235,117236],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[252,117238,117239,117242,117245],{},[255,117240,117241],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[255,117243,117244],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[255,117246,117247],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117249,117250],{},"Example with a flat list:",[35,117252,117254],{"className":37,"code":117253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117255,117256,117276,117290,117294,117308,117312,117324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117257,117258,117260,117262,117264,117266,117268,117270,117272,117274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117259,12558],{"class":50},[44,117261,55],{"class":54},[44,117263,1556],{"class":58},[44,117265,1588],{"class":95},[44,117267,83],{"class":58},[44,117269,1717],{"class":95},[44,117271,83],{"class":58},[44,117273,2955],{"class":95},[44,117275,1153],{"class":58},[44,117277,117278,117280,117282,117284,117286,117288],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117279,14770],{"class":50},[44,117281,55],{"class":54},[44,117283,12633],{"class":50},[44,117285,113],{"class":58},[44,117287,13374],{"class":116},[44,117289,9138],{"class":58},[44,117291,117292],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,117293,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,117295,117296,117298,117300,117302,117304,117306],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,117297,14789],{"class":50},[44,117299,113],{"class":58},[44,117301,14012],{"class":116},[44,117303,120],{"class":58},[44,117305,3008],{"class":95},[44,117307,129],{"class":58},[44,117309,117310],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,117311,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,117313,117314,117316,117318,117320,117322],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,117315,136],{"class":135},[44,117317,120],{"class":58},[44,117319,12605],{"class":116},[44,117321,144],{"class":58},[44,117323,55171],{"class":147},[44,117325,117326,117328,117330,117332,117334],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,117327,136],{"class":135},[44,117329,120],{"class":58},[44,117331,14789],{"class":116},[44,117333,144],{"class":58},[44,117335,116805],{"class":147},[20,117337,117338],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117340,117341,117342,113],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[625,117343,15345],{"href":57459},[30,117345,117347],{"id":117346},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117349,117350],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[252,117352,117353,117356,117359],{},[255,117354,117355],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[255,117357,117358],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[255,117360,117361],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117363,117364],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[35,117366,117368],{"className":37,"code":117367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117369,117370,117376,117380,117406,117420,117438,117442,117464,117468,117481,117494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117371,117372,117374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117373,35319],{"class":1140},[44,117375,116139],{"class":50},[44,117377,117378],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117379,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,117381,117382,117384,117386,117388,117390,117392,117394,117396,117398,117400,117402,117404],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,117383,12558],{"class":50},[44,117385,55],{"class":54},[44,117387,59],{"class":58},[44,117389,63],{"class":62},[44,117391,517],{"class":66},[44,117393,63],{"class":62},[44,117395,72],{"class":58},[44,117397,1556],{"class":58},[44,117399,1559],{"class":95},[44,117401,83],{"class":58},[44,117403,646],{"class":95},[44,117405,14165],{"class":58},[44,117407,117408,117410,117412,117414,117416,117418],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,117409,116174],{"class":50},[44,117411,55],{"class":54},[44,117413,12633],{"class":50},[44,117415,113],{"class":58},[44,117417,13374],{"class":116},[44,117419,9138],{"class":58},[44,117421,117422,117424,117426,117428,117430,117432,117434,117436],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,117423,116194],{"class":50},[44,117425,55],{"class":54},[44,117427,116179],{"class":50},[44,117429,113],{"class":58},[44,117431,116203],{"class":116},[44,117433,120],{"class":58},[44,117435,12605],{"class":116},[44,117437,129],{"class":58},[44,117439,117440],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,117441,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,117443,117444,117446,117448,117450,117452,117454,117456,117458,117460,117462],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,117445,12605],{"class":50},[44,117447,896],{"class":58},[44,117449,63],{"class":62},[44,117451,517],{"class":66},[44,117453,63],{"class":62},[44,117455,14009],{"class":58},[44,117457,14012],{"class":116},[44,117459,120],{"class":58},[44,117461,37072],{"class":95},[44,117463,129],{"class":58},[44,117465,117466],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,117467,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,117469,117470,117472,117474,117476,117478],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,117471,136],{"class":135},[44,117473,120],{"class":58},[44,117475,12605],{"class":116},[44,117477,144],{"class":58},[44,117479,117480],{"class":147},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[44,117482,117483,117485,117487,117489,117491],{"class":46,"line":6935},[44,117484,136],{"class":135},[44,117486,120],{"class":58},[44,117488,116257],{"class":116},[44,117490,144],{"class":58},[44,117492,117493],{"class":147},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[44,117495,117496,117498,117500,117502,117504],{"class":46,"line":12069},[44,117497,136],{"class":135},[44,117499,120],{"class":58},[44,117501,116271],{"class":116},[44,117503,144],{"class":58},[44,117505,117506],{"class":147},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117508,117509],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[30,117511,117513],{"id":117512},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117515,117516],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[252,117518,117519,117522,117525,117528],{},[255,117520,117521],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[255,117523,117524],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[255,117526,117527],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[255,117529,117530],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117532,117533],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[35,117535,117537],{"className":37,"code":117536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117538,117539,117547,117555,117559,117567,117571,117583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117540,117541,117543,117545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117542,3058],{"class":50},[44,117544,55],{"class":54},[44,117546,3091],{"class":95},[44,117548,117549,117551,117553],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117550,3086],{"class":50},[44,117552,55],{"class":54},[44,117554,36405],{"class":50},[44,117556,117557],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,117558,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,117560,117561,117563,117565],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,117562,3086],{"class":50},[44,117564,55],{"class":54},[44,117566,15072],{"class":95},[44,117568,117569],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,117570,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,117572,117573,117575,117577,117579,117581],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,117574,136],{"class":135},[44,117576,120],{"class":58},[44,117578,625],{"class":116},[44,117580,144],{"class":58},[44,117582,727],{"class":147},[44,117584,117585,117587,117589,117591,117593],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,117586,136],{"class":135},[44,117588,120],{"class":58},[44,117590,639],{"class":116},[44,117592,144],{"class":58},[44,117594,1593],{"class":147},[20,117596,93753,117597,117600],{},[625,117598,117599],{"href":12537},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[30,117602,3335],{"id":3334},[20,117604,117605],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[252,117607,117608,117612,117617,117622,117625],{},[255,117609,1785,117610,57023],{},[15,117611,55],{},[255,117613,1785,117614,117616],{},[15,117615,55840],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[255,117618,1785,117619,117621],{},[15,117620,12907],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[255,117623,117624],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[255,117626,117627],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117629,117630],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[35,117632,117634],{"className":37,"code":117633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117635,117636,117650,117664,117686,117717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117637,117638,117640,117642,117644,117646,117648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117639,136],{"class":135},[44,117641,120],{"class":58},[44,117643,12558],{"class":116},[44,117645,12666],{"class":1140},[44,117647,14843],{"class":116},[44,117649,129],{"class":58},[44,117651,117652,117654,117656,117658,117660,117662],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117653,136],{"class":135},[44,117655,120],{"class":58},[44,117657,12558],{"class":116},[44,117659,5191],{"class":54},[44,117661,14843],{"class":116},[44,117663,129],{"class":58},[44,117665,117666,117668,117670,117672,117674,117676,117678,117680,117682,117684],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,117667,136],{"class":135},[44,117669,120],{"class":58},[44,117671,13118],{"class":135},[44,117673,120],{"class":58},[44,117675,12605],{"class":116},[44,117677,9725],{"class":58},[44,117679,15274],{"class":135},[44,117681,120],{"class":58},[44,117683,14789],{"class":116},[44,117685,2239],{"class":58},[44,117687,117688,117690,117692,117694,117696,117698,117700,117702,117705,117707,117709,117711,117713,117715],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,117689,136],{"class":135},[44,117691,120],{"class":58},[44,117693,13118],{"class":135},[44,117695,120],{"class":58},[44,117697,12605],{"class":116},[44,117699,896],{"class":58},[44,117701,2626],{"class":95},[44,117703,117704],{"class":58},"]),",[44,117706,15274],{"class":135},[44,117708,120],{"class":58},[44,117710,14789],{"class":116},[44,117712,896],{"class":58},[44,117714,2626],{"class":95},[44,117716,3505],{"class":58},[44,117718,117719,117721,117723,117725,117727,117729],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,117720,136],{"class":135},[44,117722,120],{"class":58},[44,117724,2249],{"class":2248},[44,117726,120],{"class":58},[44,117728,12605],{"class":116},[44,117730,2239],{"class":58},[20,117732,117733],{},"What they tell you:",[252,117735,117736,117741,117746,117751,117761],{},[255,117737,117738,117740],{},[15,117739,12666],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[255,117742,117743,117745],{},[15,117744,5191],{}," checks whether values are equal",[255,117747,117748,117750],{},[15,117749,43723],{}," shows the identity of an object",[255,117752,117753,117754,976,117757,117760],{},"comparing ",[15,117755,117756],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117758,117759],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[255,117762,117763,117765],{},[15,117764,2806],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[30,117767,2301],{"id":2300},[981,117769,117771],{"id":117770},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117773,117774],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[981,117776,57509],{"id":57424},[20,117778,117779],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[981,117781,117783],{"id":117782},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117785,117786],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[981,117788,117790],{"id":117789},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117792,117793],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[981,117795,117797],{"id":117796},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117799,117800],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[30,117802,2375],{"id":2374},[252,117804,117805,117810,117816,117822,117826],{},[255,117806,117807],{},[625,117808,117809],{"href":12537},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[255,117811,117812],{},[625,117813,4083,117814,11221],{"href":55199},[15,117815,55840],{},[255,117817,117818],{},[625,117819,4083,117820,11221],{"href":12904},[15,117821,12907],{},[255,117823,117824],{},[625,117825,15421],{"href":57459},[255,117827,117828],{},[625,117829,117830],{"href":58734},"What is a list in Python?",[2414,117832,117833],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":117835},[117836,117837,117838,117839,117840,117841,117846,117847,117848,117849,117850,117851,117858],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":116291,"depth":102,"text":116292},{"id":116312,"depth":102,"text":116313},{"id":116555,"depth":102,"text":116556},{"id":116695,"depth":102,"text":116696},{"id":116811,"depth":102,"text":116812,"children":117842},[117843,117844,117845],{"id":116818,"depth":132,"text":116819},{"id":116887,"depth":132,"text":116888},{"id":116986,"depth":132,"text":116987},{"id":117100,"depth":102,"text":117101},{"id":117232,"depth":102,"text":117233},{"id":117346,"depth":102,"text":117347},{"id":117512,"depth":102,"text":117513},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":117852},[117853,117854,117855,117856,117857],{"id":117770,"depth":132,"text":117771},{"id":57424,"depth":132,"text":57509},{"id":117782,"depth":132,"text":117783},{"id":117789,"depth":132,"text":117790},{"id":117796,"depth":132,"text":117797},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":116092,"description":117859},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117865,"title":117866,"body":117867,"description":119724,"extension":2465,"meta":119725,"navigation":169,"path":119726,"seo":119727,"stem":119728,"__hash__":119729},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117868,"toc":119682},[117869,117874,117879,117887,117889,117957,117962,117967,117982,117985,117987,118018,118020,118040,118043,118058,118060,118063,118136,118138,118183,118185,118196,118201,118205,118210,118213,118252,118254,118274,118277,118334,118336,118371,118374,118413,118415,118435,118438,118469,118471,118527,118529,118534,118605,118607,118640,118645,118650,118715,118717,118754,118757,118834,118836,118896,118903,118908,118911,118914,118995,118997,119038,119043,119046,119124,119126,119159,119168,119175,119178,119189,119192,119203,119207,119215,119224,119228,119233,119237,119242,119285,119288,119294,119297,119299,119346,119351,119355,119358,119407,119409,119430,119433,119435,119460,119463,119584,119589,119591,119596,119599,119604,119607,119615,119620,119627,119630,119638,119641,119643,119679],[10,117870,4083,117872,4087],{"id":117871},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117873,74666],{},[20,117875,117876,117878],{},[15,117877,74666],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117880,117881,117882,2695,117884,117886],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117883,78109],{},[15,117885,74666],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[30,117888,33],{"id":32},[35,117890,117892],{"className":37,"code":117891,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117893,117894,117914,117928,117932,117944],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117895,117896,117898,117900,117902,117904,117906,117908,117910,117912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117897,1551],{"class":50},[44,117899,55],{"class":54},[44,117901,1556],{"class":58},[44,117903,2567],{"class":95},[44,117905,83],{"class":58},[44,117907,1703],{"class":95},[44,117909,83],{"class":58},[44,117911,1717],{"class":95},[44,117913,1153],{"class":58},[44,117915,117916,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117917,1953],{"class":50},[44,117919,55],{"class":54},[44,117921,74800],{"class":135},[44,117923,120],{"class":58},[44,117925,1579],{"class":116},[44,117927,129],{"class":58},[44,117929,117930],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,117931,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,117933,117934,117936,117938,117940,117942],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,117935,136],{"class":135},[44,117937,120],{"class":58},[44,117939,1984],{"class":116},[44,117941,144],{"class":58},[44,117943,55927],{"class":147},[44,117945,117946,117948,117950,117952,117954],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,117947,136],{"class":135},[44,117949,120],{"class":58},[44,117951,1579],{"class":116},[44,117953,144],{"class":58},[44,117955,117956],{"class":147},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117958,117959,117961],{},[15,117960,74666],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[30,117963,243,117965,246],{"id":117964},"what-sorted-does",[15,117966,74666],{},[252,117968,117969,117973,117976,117979],{},[255,117970,117971,63167],{},[15,117972,74666],{},[255,117974,117975],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[255,117977,117978],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[255,117980,117981],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117983,117984],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[30,117986,392],{"id":391},[35,117988,117990],{"className":37,"code":117989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117991,117992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117993,117994,117996,117998,118000,118002,118004,118006,118008,118010,118012,118014,118016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117995,74756],{"class":135},[44,117997,120],{"class":58},[44,117999,4224],{"class":116},[44,118001,83],{"class":58},[44,118003,22018],{"class":9668},[44,118005,55],{"class":54},[44,118007,4282],{"class":1266},[44,118009,83],{"class":58},[44,118011,78312],{"class":9668},[44,118013,55],{"class":54},[44,118015,4178],{"class":1266},[44,118017,129],{"class":58},[981,118019,17848],{"id":17847},[252,118021,118022,118027,118032],{},[255,118023,118024,118026],{},[15,118025,4224],{},": the values to sort",[255,118028,118029,118031],{},[15,118030,414],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[255,118033,118034,118036,118037,118039],{},[15,118035,73819],{},": set to ",[15,118038,4112],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,118041,118042],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[35,118044,118046],{"className":37,"code":118045,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,118047,118048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118049,118050,118052,118054,118056],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118051,74756],{"class":135},[44,118053,120],{"class":58},[44,118055,60548],{"class":116},[44,118057,129],{"class":58},[30,118059,11952],{"id":11951},[20,118061,118062],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[35,118064,118066],{"className":37,"code":118065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118067,118068,118092,118096,118111,118115,118126],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118069,118070,118072,118074,118076,118078,118080,118082,118084,118086,118088,118090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118071,1551],{"class":50},[44,118073,55],{"class":54},[44,118075,1556],{"class":58},[44,118077,2643],{"class":95},[44,118079,83],{"class":58},[44,118081,1717],{"class":95},[44,118083,83],{"class":58},[44,118085,6861],{"class":95},[44,118087,83],{"class":58},[44,118089,1703],{"class":95},[44,118091,1153],{"class":58},[44,118093,118094],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118095,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,118097,118098,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,118099,118100],{"class":50},"sorted_numbers ",[44,118102,55],{"class":54},[44,118104,74800],{"class":135},[44,118106,120],{"class":58},[44,118108,1579],{"class":116},[44,118110,129],{"class":58},[44,118112,118113],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,118114,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,118116,118117,118119,118121,118124],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,118118,136],{"class":135},[44,118120,120],{"class":58},[44,118122,118123],{"class":116},"sorted_numbers",[44,118125,129],{"class":58},[44,118127,118128,118130,118132,118134],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,118129,136],{"class":135},[44,118131,120],{"class":58},[44,118133,1579],{"class":116},[44,118135,129],{"class":58},[20,118137,2576],{},[35,118139,118141],{"className":37,"code":118140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,118142,118143,118163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118144,118145,118147,118149,118151,118153,118155,118157,118159,118161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118146,896],{"class":58},[44,118148,1588],{"class":95},[44,118150,83],{"class":58},[44,118152,1717],{"class":95},[44,118154,83],{"class":58},[44,118156,5108],{"class":95},[44,118158,83],{"class":58},[44,118160,6861],{"class":95},[44,118162,1153],{"class":58},[44,118164,118165,118167,118169,118171,118173,118175,118177,118179,118181],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118166,896],{"class":58},[44,118168,2643],{"class":95},[44,118170,83],{"class":58},[44,118172,1717],{"class":95},[44,118174,83],{"class":58},[44,118176,6861],{"class":95},[44,118178,83],{"class":58},[44,118180,1703],{"class":95},[44,118182,1153],{"class":58},[20,118184,14222],{},[252,118186,118187,118192],{},[255,118188,118189,118191],{},[15,118190,118123],{}," is a new sorted list",[255,118193,118194,112728],{},[15,118195,1579],{},[20,118197,118198,118199,113],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[625,118200,78619],{"href":78618},[30,118202,118204],{"id":118203},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,118206,118207,118209],{},[15,118208,74666],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[981,118211,118212],{"id":8588},"List",[35,118214,118216],{"className":37,"code":118215,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,118217,118218,118238],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118219,118220,118222,118224,118226,118228,118230,118232,118234,118236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118221,1551],{"class":50},[44,118223,55],{"class":54},[44,118225,1556],{"class":58},[44,118227,2567],{"class":95},[44,118229,83],{"class":58},[44,118231,1703],{"class":95},[44,118233,83],{"class":58},[44,118235,1717],{"class":95},[44,118237,1153],{"class":58},[44,118239,118240,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118241,136],{"class":135},[44,118243,120],{"class":58},[44,118245,74756],{"class":135},[44,118247,120],{"class":58},[44,118249,1579],{"class":116},[44,118251,2239],{"class":58},[20,118253,2576],{},[35,118255,118256],{"className":37,"code":55389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,118257,118258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118259,118260,118262,118264,118266,118268,118270,118272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118261,896],{"class":58},[44,118263,1588],{"class":95},[44,118265,83],{"class":58},[44,118267,1717],{"class":95},[44,118269,83],{"class":58},[44,118271,2955],{"class":95},[44,118273,1153],{"class":58},[981,118275,118276],{"id":49190},"Tuple",[35,118278,118280],{"className":37,"code":118279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118281,118282,118302,118316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118283,118284,118286,118288,118290,118292,118294,118296,118298,118300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118285,4327],{"class":50},[44,118287,55],{"class":54},[44,118289,9728],{"class":58},[44,118291,2567],{"class":95},[44,118293,83],{"class":58},[44,118295,1703],{"class":95},[44,118297,83],{"class":58},[44,118299,1717],{"class":95},[44,118301,129],{"class":58},[44,118303,118304,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118305,136],{"class":135},[44,118307,120],{"class":58},[44,118309,74756],{"class":135},[44,118311,120],{"class":58},[44,118313,5860],{"class":116},[44,118315,2239],{"class":58},[44,118317,118318,118320,118322,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,118319,136],{"class":135},[44,118321,120],{"class":58},[44,118323,2249],{"class":2248},[44,118325,120],{"class":58},[44,118327,74756],{"class":135},[44,118329,120],{"class":58},[44,118331,5860],{"class":116},[44,118333,3418],{"class":58},[20,118335,2576],{},[35,118337,118339],{"className":37,"code":118338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118340,118341,118357],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118342,118343,118345,118347,118349,118351,118353,118355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118344,896],{"class":58},[44,118346,1588],{"class":95},[44,118348,83],{"class":58},[44,118350,1717],{"class":95},[44,118352,83],{"class":58},[44,118354,2955],{"class":95},[44,118356,1153],{"class":58},[44,118358,118359,118361,118363,118365,118367,118369],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118360,3797],{"class":54},[44,118362,3800],{"class":2570},[44,118364,2232],{"class":62},[44,118366,8588],{"class":66},[44,118368,2197],{"class":62},[44,118370,3809],{"class":54},[981,118372,118373],{"id":6788},"Set",[35,118375,118377],{"className":37,"code":118376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118378,118379,118399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118380,118381,118383,118385,118387,118389,118391,118393,118395,118397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118382,4327],{"class":50},[44,118384,55],{"class":54},[44,118386,59],{"class":58},[44,118388,2567],{"class":95},[44,118390,83],{"class":58},[44,118392,1703],{"class":95},[44,118394,83],{"class":58},[44,118396,1717],{"class":95},[44,118398,99],{"class":58},[44,118400,118401,118403,118405,118407,118409,118411],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118402,136],{"class":135},[44,118404,120],{"class":58},[44,118406,74756],{"class":135},[44,118408,120],{"class":58},[44,118410,5860],{"class":116},[44,118412,2239],{"class":58},[20,118414,2576],{},[35,118416,118417],{"className":37,"code":55389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,118418,118419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118420,118421,118423,118425,118427,118429,118431,118433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118422,896],{"class":58},[44,118424,1588],{"class":95},[44,118426,83],{"class":58},[44,118428,1717],{"class":95},[44,118430,83],{"class":58},[44,118432,2955],{"class":95},[44,118434,1153],{"class":58},[981,118436,118437],{"id":61415},"String",[35,118439,118441],{"className":37,"code":118440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118442,118443,118455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118444,118445,118447,118449,118451,118453],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118446,34915],{"class":50},[44,118448,55],{"class":54},[44,118450,75],{"class":62},[44,118452,39],{"class":66},[44,118454,3865],{"class":62},[44,118456,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465,118467],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118458,136],{"class":135},[44,118460,120],{"class":58},[44,118462,74756],{"class":135},[44,118464,120],{"class":58},[44,118466,34936],{"class":116},[44,118468,2239],{"class":58},[20,118470,2576],{},[35,118472,118473],{"className":37,"code":79636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,118474,118475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118476,118477,118479,118481,118483,118485,118487,118489,118491,118493,118495,118497,118499,118501,118503,118505,118507,118509,118511,118513,118515,118517,118519,118521,118523,118525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118478,896],{"class":58},[44,118480,2197],{"class":62},[44,118482,60679],{"class":66},[44,118484,2197],{"class":62},[44,118486,83],{"class":58},[44,118488,2232],{"class":62},[44,118490,76272],{"class":66},[44,118492,2197],{"class":62},[44,118494,83],{"class":58},[44,118496,2232],{"class":62},[44,118498,60714],{"class":66},[44,118500,2197],{"class":62},[44,118502,83],{"class":58},[44,118504,2232],{"class":62},[44,118506,20],{"class":66},[44,118508,2197],{"class":62},[44,118510,83],{"class":58},[44,118512,2232],{"class":62},[44,118514,63528],{"class":66},[44,118516,2197],{"class":62},[44,118518,83],{"class":58},[44,118520,2232],{"class":62},[44,118522,1710],{"class":66},[44,118524,2197],{"class":62},[44,118526,1153],{"class":58},[981,118528,29447],{"id":16060},[20,118530,63781,118531,118533],{},[15,118532,74666],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[35,118535,118537],{"className":37,"code":118536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118538,118539,118591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118540,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549,118551,118553,118555,118557,118559,118561,118563,118565,118567,118569,118571,118573,118575,118577,118579,118581,118583,118585,118587,118589],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118542,51],{"class":50},[44,118544,55],{"class":54},[44,118546,59],{"class":58},[44,118548,63],{"class":62},[44,118550,67],{"class":66},[44,118552,63],{"class":62},[44,118554,72],{"class":58},[44,118556,75],{"class":62},[44,118558,78],{"class":66},[44,118560,63],{"class":62},[44,118562,83],{"class":58},[44,118564,75],{"class":62},[44,118566,88],{"class":66},[44,118568,63],{"class":62},[44,118570,72],{"class":58},[44,118572,646],{"class":95},[44,118574,83],{"class":58},[44,118576,75],{"class":62},[44,118578,305],{"class":66},[44,118580,63],{"class":62},[44,118582,72],{"class":58},[44,118584,75],{"class":62},[44,118586,16487],{"class":66},[44,118588,63],{"class":62},[44,118590,99],{"class":58},[44,118592,118593,118595,118597,118599,118601,118603],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118594,136],{"class":135},[44,118596,120],{"class":58},[44,118598,74756],{"class":135},[44,118600,120],{"class":58},[44,118602,158],{"class":116},[44,118604,2239],{"class":58},[20,118606,2576],{},[35,118608,118610],{"className":37,"code":118609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118611,118612],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118613,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630,118632,118634,118636,118638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118615,896],{"class":58},[44,118617,2197],{"class":62},[44,118619,88],{"class":66},[44,118621,2197],{"class":62},[44,118623,83],{"class":58},[44,118625,2232],{"class":62},[44,118627,305],{"class":66},[44,118629,2197],{"class":62},[44,118631,83],{"class":58},[44,118633,2232],{"class":62},[44,118635,67],{"class":66},[44,118637,2197],{"class":62},[44,118639,1153],{"class":58},[30,118641,1785,118643],{"id":118642},"using-reversetrue",[15,118644,78333],{},[20,118646,227,118647,118649],{},[15,118648,78333],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[35,118651,118653],{"className":37,"code":118652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118654,118655,118675,118679,118693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118656,118657,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669,118671,118673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118658,1551],{"class":50},[44,118660,55],{"class":54},[44,118662,1556],{"class":58},[44,118664,2567],{"class":95},[44,118666,83],{"class":58},[44,118668,1703],{"class":95},[44,118670,83],{"class":58},[44,118672,1717],{"class":95},[44,118674,1153],{"class":58},[44,118676,118677],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118678,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,118680,118681,118683,118685,118687,118689,118691],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,118682,136],{"class":135},[44,118684,120],{"class":58},[44,118686,74756],{"class":135},[44,118688,120],{"class":58},[44,118690,1579],{"class":116},[44,118692,2239],{"class":58},[44,118694,118695,118697,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711,118713],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,118696,136],{"class":135},[44,118698,120],{"class":58},[44,118700,74756],{"class":135},[44,118702,120],{"class":58},[44,118704,1579],{"class":116},[44,118706,83],{"class":58},[44,118708,78312],{"class":9668},[44,118710,55],{"class":54},[44,118712,4112],{"class":1266},[44,118714,2239],{"class":58},[20,118716,2576],{},[35,118718,118720],{"className":37,"code":118719,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118721,118722,118738],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118723,118724,118726,118728,118730,118732,118734,118736],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118725,896],{"class":58},[44,118727,1588],{"class":95},[44,118729,83],{"class":58},[44,118731,1717],{"class":95},[44,118733,83],{"class":58},[44,118735,2955],{"class":95},[44,118737,1153],{"class":58},[44,118739,118740,118742,118744,118746,118748,118750,118752],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118741,896],{"class":58},[44,118743,2567],{"class":95},[44,118745,83],{"class":58},[44,118747,1717],{"class":95},[44,118749,83],{"class":58},[44,118751,1703],{"class":95},[44,118753,1153],{"class":58},[20,118755,118756],{},"This also works with strings:",[35,118758,118760],{"className":37,"code":118759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118761,118762,118794,118798,118812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118763,118764,118766,118768,118770,118772,118774,118776,118778,118780,118782,118784,118786,118788,118790,118792],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118765,4573],{"class":50},[44,118767,55],{"class":54},[44,118769,1556],{"class":58},[44,118771,63],{"class":62},[44,118773,4582],{"class":66},[44,118775,63],{"class":62},[44,118777,83],{"class":58},[44,118779,75],{"class":62},[44,118781,4591],{"class":66},[44,118783,63],{"class":62},[44,118785,83],{"class":58},[44,118787,75],{"class":62},[44,118789,4600],{"class":66},[44,118791,63],{"class":62},[44,118793,1153],{"class":58},[44,118795,118796],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118797,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,118799,118800,118802,118804,118806,118808,118810],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,118801,136],{"class":135},[44,118803,120],{"class":58},[44,118805,74756],{"class":135},[44,118807,120],{"class":58},[44,118809,4617],{"class":116},[44,118811,2239],{"class":58},[44,118813,118814,118816,118818,118820,118822,118824,118826,118828,118830,118832],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,118815,136],{"class":135},[44,118817,120],{"class":58},[44,118819,74756],{"class":135},[44,118821,120],{"class":58},[44,118823,4617],{"class":116},[44,118825,83],{"class":58},[44,118827,78312],{"class":9668},[44,118829,55],{"class":54},[44,118831,4112],{"class":1266},[44,118833,2239],{"class":58},[20,118835,2576],{},[35,118837,118838],{"className":37,"code":74400,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,118839,118840,118868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118841,118842,118844,118846,118848,118850,118852,118854,118856,118858,118860,118862,118864,118866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118843,896],{"class":58},[44,118845,2197],{"class":62},[44,118847,4582],{"class":66},[44,118849,2197],{"class":62},[44,118851,83],{"class":58},[44,118853,2232],{"class":62},[44,118855,4591],{"class":66},[44,118857,2197],{"class":62},[44,118859,83],{"class":58},[44,118861,2232],{"class":62},[44,118863,4600],{"class":66},[44,118865,2197],{"class":62},[44,118867,1153],{"class":58},[44,118869,118870,118872,118874,118876,118878,118880,118882,118884,118886,118888,118890,118892,118894],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118871,896],{"class":58},[44,118873,2197],{"class":62},[44,118875,4600],{"class":66},[44,118877,2197],{"class":62},[44,118879,83],{"class":58},[44,118881,2232],{"class":62},[44,118883,4591],{"class":66},[44,118885,2197],{"class":62},[44,118887,83],{"class":58},[44,118889,2232],{"class":62},[44,118891,4582],{"class":66},[44,118893,2197],{"class":62},[44,118895,1153],{"class":58},[30,118897,1785,118899,118902],{"id":118898},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118900,118901],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118904,2482,118905,118907],{},[15,118906,118901],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118909,118910],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118912,118913],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[35,118915,118917],{"className":37,"code":118916,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118918,118919,118959,118963,118985],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118920,118921,118923,118925,118927,118929,118931,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943,118945,118947,118949,118951,118953,118955,118957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118922,4573],{"class":50},[44,118924,55],{"class":54},[44,118926,1556],{"class":58},[44,118928,63],{"class":62},[44,118930,78986],{"class":66},[44,118932,63],{"class":62},[44,118934,83],{"class":58},[44,118936,75],{"class":62},[44,118938,38590],{"class":66},[44,118940,63],{"class":62},[44,118942,83],{"class":58},[44,118944,75],{"class":62},[44,118946,4591],{"class":66},[44,118948,63],{"class":62},[44,118950,83],{"class":58},[44,118952,75],{"class":62},[44,118954,38573],{"class":66},[44,118956,63],{"class":62},[44,118958,1153],{"class":58},[44,118960,118961],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118962,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,118964,118965,118967,118969,118971,118973,118975,118977,118979,118981,118983],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,118966,1953],{"class":50},[44,118968,55],{"class":54},[44,118970,74800],{"class":135},[44,118972,120],{"class":58},[44,118974,4617],{"class":116},[44,118976,83],{"class":58},[44,118978,22018],{"class":9668},[44,118980,55],{"class":54},[44,118982,11641],{"class":135},[44,118984,129],{"class":58},[44,118986,118987,118989,118991,118993],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,118988,136],{"class":135},[44,118990,120],{"class":58},[44,118992,1984],{"class":116},[44,118994,129],{"class":58},[20,118996,2576],{},[35,118998,119000],{"className":37,"code":118999,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,119001,119002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119003,119004,119006,119008,119010,119012,119014,119016,119018,119020,119022,119024,119026,119028,119030,119032,119034,119036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119005,896],{"class":58},[44,119007,2197],{"class":62},[44,119009,38590],{"class":66},[44,119011,2197],{"class":62},[44,119013,83],{"class":58},[44,119015,2232],{"class":62},[44,119017,78986],{"class":66},[44,119019,2197],{"class":62},[44,119021,83],{"class":58},[44,119023,2232],{"class":62},[44,119025,38573],{"class":66},[44,119027,2197],{"class":62},[44,119029,83],{"class":58},[44,119031,2232],{"class":62},[44,119033,4591],{"class":66},[44,119035,2197],{"class":62},[44,119037,1153],{"class":58},[20,119039,381,119040,119042],{},[15,119041,11641],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,119044,119045],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[35,119047,119049],{"className":37,"code":119048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,119050,119051,119084,119088,119114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119052,119053,119055,119057,119059,119061,119063,119065,119067,119069,119071,119073,119075,119077,119080,119082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119054,4573],{"class":50},[44,119056,55],{"class":54},[44,119058,1556],{"class":58},[44,119060,63],{"class":62},[44,119062,83605],{"class":66},[44,119064,63],{"class":62},[44,119066,83],{"class":58},[44,119068,75],{"class":62},[44,119070,4582],{"class":66},[44,119072,63],{"class":62},[44,119074,83],{"class":58},[44,119076,75],{"class":62},[44,119078,119079],{"class":66},"Cherry",[44,119081,63],{"class":62},[44,119083,1153],{"class":58},[44,119085,119086],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119087,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,119089,119090,119092,119094,119096,119098,119100,119102,119104,119106,119108,119110,119112],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,119091,1953],{"class":50},[44,119093,55],{"class":54},[44,119095,74800],{"class":135},[44,119097,120],{"class":58},[44,119099,4617],{"class":116},[44,119101,83],{"class":58},[44,119103,22018],{"class":9668},[44,119105,55],{"class":54},[44,119107,3950],{"class":2248},[44,119109,113],{"class":58},[44,119111,9135],{"class":25189},[44,119113,129],{"class":58},[44,119115,119116,119118,119120,119122],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,119117,136],{"class":135},[44,119119,120],{"class":58},[44,119121,1984],{"class":116},[44,119123,129],{"class":58},[20,119125,2576],{},[35,119127,119129],{"className":37,"code":119128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,119130,119131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119132,119133,119135,119137,119139,119141,119143,119145,119147,119149,119151,119153,119155,119157],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119134,896],{"class":58},[44,119136,2197],{"class":62},[44,119138,4582],{"class":66},[44,119140,2197],{"class":62},[44,119142,83],{"class":58},[44,119144,2232],{"class":62},[44,119146,83605],{"class":66},[44,119148,2197],{"class":62},[44,119150,83],{"class":58},[44,119152,2232],{"class":62},[44,119154,119079],{"class":66},[44,119156,2197],{"class":62},[44,119158,1153],{"class":58},[20,119160,119161,119162,35558,119164,113],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,119163,42595],{},[625,119165,4083,119166,4016],{"href":42592},[15,119167,42595],{},[30,119169,119171,967,119173],{"id":119170},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,119172,74666],{},[15,119174,78109],{},[20,119176,119177],{},"The main difference is this:",[252,119179,119180,119185],{},[255,119181,119182,119184],{},[15,119183,74666],{}," returns a new list",[255,119186,119187,74204],{},[15,119188,78109],{},[20,119190,119191],{},"Also:",[252,119193,119194,119199],{},[255,119195,119196,119198],{},[15,119197,74666],{}," works with many iterables",[255,119200,119201,79542],{},[15,119202,78109],{},[20,119204,227,119205,776],{},[15,119206,74666],{},[252,119208,119209,119212],{},[255,119210,119211],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[255,119213,119214],{},"your data is not a list",[20,119216,119217,119218,113],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[625,119219,4083,119220,967,119222,6284],{"href":79367},[15,119221,74666],{},[15,119223,78109],{},[30,119225,119227],{"id":119226},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,119229,119230,119231,113],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119232,74666],{},[981,119234,119236],{"id":119235},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119238,119239,119240,72],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119241,3511],{},[35,119243,119245],{"className":37,"code":119244,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119246,119247,119271],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119248,119249,119251,119253,119255,119257,119259,119261,119263,119265,119267,119269],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119250,4327],{"class":50},[44,119252,55],{"class":54},[44,119254,1556],{"class":58},[44,119256,1588],{"class":95},[44,119258,83],{"class":58},[44,119260,75],{"class":62},[44,119262,2561],{"class":66},[44,119264,63],{"class":62},[44,119266,83],{"class":58},[44,119268,2955],{"class":95},[44,119270,1153],{"class":58},[44,119272,119273,119275,119277,119279,119281,119283],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119274,136],{"class":135},[44,119276,120],{"class":58},[44,119278,74756],{"class":135},[44,119280,120],{"class":58},[44,119282,5860],{"class":116},[44,119284,2239],{"class":58},[20,119286,119287],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[981,119289,119291,119292,2807],{"id":119290},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119293,414],{},[20,119295,119296],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119298,269],{},[35,119300,119302],{"className":37,"code":119301,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119303,119304,119324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119305,119306,119308,119310,119312,119314,119316,119318,119320,119322],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119307,1551],{"class":50},[44,119309,55],{"class":54},[44,119311,1556],{"class":58},[44,119313,1559],{"class":95},[44,119315,83],{"class":58},[44,119317,1717],{"class":95},[44,119319,83],{"class":58},[44,119321,1568],{"class":95},[44,119323,1153],{"class":58},[44,119325,119326,119328,119330,119332,119334,119336,119338,119340,119342,119344],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119327,136],{"class":135},[44,119329,120],{"class":58},[44,119331,74756],{"class":135},[44,119333,120],{"class":58},[44,119335,1579],{"class":116},[44,119337,83],{"class":58},[44,119339,22018],{"class":9668},[44,119341,55],{"class":54},[44,119343,11641],{"class":135},[44,119345,2239],{"class":58},[20,119347,48747,119348,119350],{},[15,119349,42595],{}," does not work on integers.",[981,119352,119354],{"id":119353},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119356,119357],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[35,119359,119361],{"className":37,"code":119360,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119362,119363,119383,119393,119397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119364,119365,119367,119369,119371,119373,119375,119377,119379,119381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119366,1551],{"class":50},[44,119368,55],{"class":54},[44,119370,1556],{"class":58},[44,119372,2567],{"class":95},[44,119374,83],{"class":58},[44,119376,1703],{"class":95},[44,119378,83],{"class":58},[44,119380,1717],{"class":95},[44,119382,1153],{"class":58},[44,119384,119385,119387,119389,119391],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119386,74756],{"class":135},[44,119388,120],{"class":58},[44,119390,1579],{"class":116},[44,119392,129],{"class":58},[44,119394,119395],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,119396,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,119398,119399,119401,119403,119405],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,119400,136],{"class":135},[44,119402,120],{"class":58},[44,119404,1579],{"class":116},[44,119406,129],{"class":58},[20,119408,2576],{},[35,119410,119412],{"className":37,"code":119411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119413,119414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119415,119416,119418,119420,119422,119424,119426,119428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119417,896],{"class":58},[44,119419,2567],{"class":95},[44,119421,83],{"class":58},[44,119423,1703],{"class":95},[44,119425,83],{"class":58},[44,119427,1717],{"class":95},[44,119429,1153],{"class":58},[20,119431,119432],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[30,119434,3335],{"id":3334},[252,119436,119437,119441,119444,119449,119453],{},[255,119438,5082,119439,74204],{},[15,119440,74666],{},[255,119442,119443],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[255,119445,1675,119446,119448],{},[15,119447,74666],{}," always returns a list",[255,119450,1785,119451,23542],{},[15,119452,118901],{},[255,119454,29874,119455,119457,119458],{},[15,119456,64553],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119459,74666],{},[20,119461,119462],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[35,119464,119466],{"className":37,"code":119465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119467,119468,119490,119516,119554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119469,119470,119472,119474,119476,119478,119480,119482,119484,119486,119488],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119471,136],{"class":135},[44,119473,120],{"class":58},[44,119475,74756],{"class":135},[44,119477,3492],{"class":58},[44,119479,2567],{"class":95},[44,119481,83],{"class":58},[44,119483,1703],{"class":95},[44,119485,83],{"class":58},[44,119487,1717],{"class":95},[44,119489,3505],{"class":58},[44,119491,119492,119494,119496,119498,119500,119502,119504,119506,119508,119510,119512,119514],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119493,136],{"class":135},[44,119495,120],{"class":58},[44,119497,2249],{"class":2248},[44,119499,120],{"class":58},[44,119501,74756],{"class":135},[44,119503,6011],{"class":58},[44,119505,2567],{"class":95},[44,119507,83],{"class":58},[44,119509,1703],{"class":95},[44,119511,83],{"class":58},[44,119513,1717],{"class":95},[44,119515,93609],{"class":58},[44,119517,119518,119520,119522,119524,119526,119528,119530,119532,119534,119536,119538,119540,119542,119544,119546,119548,119550,119552],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,119519,136],{"class":135},[44,119521,120],{"class":58},[44,119523,74756],{"class":135},[44,119525,3492],{"class":58},[44,119527,2197],{"class":62},[44,119529,83605],{"class":66},[44,119531,2197],{"class":62},[44,119533,83],{"class":58},[44,119535,2232],{"class":62},[44,119537,4582],{"class":66},[44,119539,2197],{"class":62},[44,119541,18514],{"class":58},[44,119543,22018],{"class":9668},[44,119545,55],{"class":54},[44,119547,3950],{"class":2248},[44,119549,113],{"class":58},[44,119551,9135],{"class":25189},[44,119553,2239],{"class":58},[44,119555,119556,119558,119560,119562,119564,119566,119568,119570,119572,119574,119576,119578,119580,119582],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,119557,136],{"class":135},[44,119559,120],{"class":58},[44,119561,74756],{"class":135},[44,119563,3492],{"class":58},[44,119565,2567],{"class":95},[44,119567,83],{"class":58},[44,119569,1703],{"class":95},[44,119571,83],{"class":58},[44,119573,1717],{"class":95},[44,119575,18514],{"class":58},[44,119577,78312],{"class":9668},[44,119579,55],{"class":54},[44,119581,4112],{"class":1266},[44,119583,2239],{"class":58},[20,119585,119586,119587,113],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[625,119588,53010],{"href":51217},[30,119590,2301],{"id":2300},[981,119592,2329,119594,57403],{"id":119593},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119595,74666],{},[20,119597,119598],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[981,119600,5643,119602,13182],{"id":119601},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119603,74666],{},[20,119605,119606],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[981,119608,119610,119611,2037,119613,2363],{"id":119609},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119612,74666],{},[15,119614,78109],{},[20,119616,227,119617,119619],{},[15,119618,74666],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[981,119621,5643,119623,86693,119625,2363],{"id":119622},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119624,118901],{},[15,119626,74666],{},[20,119628,119629],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[981,119631,5659,119633,119635,119636,2363],{"id":119632},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119634,74666],{}," give a ",[15,119637,3511],{},[20,119639,119640],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[30,119642,2375],{"id":2374},[252,119644,119645,119649,119657,119661,119667,119673],{},[255,119646,119647],{},[625,119648,80115],{"href":78618},[255,119650,119651],{},[625,119652,4083,119653,967,119655,6284],{"href":79367},[15,119654,74666],{},[15,119656,78109],{},[255,119658,119659],{},[625,119660,53010],{"href":51217},[255,119662,119663],{},[625,119664,4083,119665,4016],{"href":42592},[15,119666,42595],{},[255,119668,119669],{},[625,119670,4083,119671,4016],{"href":92265},[15,119672,35978],{},[255,119674,119675],{},[625,119676,4083,119677,4016],{"href":36425},[15,119678,36428],{},[2414,119680,119681],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":119683},[119684,119685,119687,119690,119691,119698,119700,119702,119704,119710,119711,119723],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":117964,"depth":102,"text":119686},"What sorted() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392,"children":119688},[119689],{"id":17847,"depth":132,"text":17848},{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952},{"id":118203,"depth":102,"text":118204,"children":119692},[119693,119694,119695,119696,119697],{"id":8588,"depth":132,"text":118212},{"id":49190,"depth":132,"text":118276},{"id":6788,"depth":132,"text":118373},{"id":61415,"depth":132,"text":118437},{"id":16060,"depth":132,"text":29447},{"id":118642,"depth":102,"text":119699},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118898,"depth":102,"text":119701},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119170,"depth":102,"text":119703},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119226,"depth":102,"text":119227,"children":119705},[119706,119707,119709],{"id":119235,"depth":132,"text":119236},{"id":119290,"depth":132,"text":119708},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119353,"depth":132,"text":119354},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":119712},[119713,119715,119717,119719,119721],{"id":119593,"depth":132,"text":119714},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119601,"depth":132,"text":119716},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119609,"depth":132,"text":119718},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119622,"depth":132,"text":119720},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119632,"depth":132,"text":119722},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117866,"description":119724},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119731,"title":119732,"body":119733,"description":121844,"extension":2465,"meta":121845,"navigation":169,"path":79367,"seo":121846,"stem":121847,"__hash__":121848},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119734,"toc":121791},[119735,119742,119745,119755,119761,119764,119782,119790,119792,119851,119859,119863,119885,119889,119893,119895,119912,119914,119926,119932,120016,120020,120067,120073,120080,120084,120089,120091,120103,120108,120161,120165,120185,120192,120199,120203,120206,120225,120229,120343,120347,120417,120419,120431,120436,120440,120453,120457,120532,120536,120575,120582,120588,120593,120597,120611,120615,120680,120684,120717,120720,120725,120733,120740,120753,120756,120760,120843,120847,120884,120888,120991,120995,121056,121061,121068,121072,121075,121081,121084,121151,121155,121179,121181,121199,121206,121259,121263,121283,121289,121291,121348,121355,121381,121386,121391,121399,121405,121465,121469,121516,121519,121521,121524,121550,121553,121646,121648,121668,121672,121675,121693,121699,121701,121709,121714,121721,121724,121730,121733,121739,121747,121755,121760,121762,121788],[10,119736,4083,119738,967,119740,93323],{"id":119737},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119739,74666],{},[15,119741,78109],{},[20,119743,119744],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[252,119746,119747,119751],{},[255,119748,119749],{},[15,119750,74666],{},[255,119752,119753],{},[15,119754,78109],{},[20,119756,119757,119758,119760],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[590,119759,592],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119762,119763],{},"The main difference is simple:",[252,119765,119766,119774],{},[255,119767,227,119768,119770,119771],{},[15,119769,74666],{}," when you want a ",[590,119772,119773],{},"new sorted result",[255,119775,227,119776,119778,119779],{},[15,119777,78109],{}," when you want to ",[590,119780,119781],{},"change the original list",[20,119783,119784,119785,2901,119787,119789],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119786,78109],{},[15,119788,4282],{}," and causes confusion.",[30,119791,33],{"id":32},[35,119793,119795],{"className":37,"code":119794,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119796,119797,119817,119821,119838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119798,119799,119801,119803,119805,119807,119809,119811,119813,119815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119800,1551],{"class":50},[44,119802,55],{"class":54},[44,119804,1556],{"class":58},[44,119806,2567],{"class":95},[44,119808,83],{"class":58},[44,119810,1703],{"class":95},[44,119812,83],{"class":58},[44,119814,1717],{"class":95},[44,119816,1153],{"class":58},[44,119818,119819],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119820,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,119822,119823,119825,119827,119829,119831,119833,119835],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,119824,56129],{"class":50},[44,119826,55],{"class":54},[44,119828,74800],{"class":135},[44,119830,120],{"class":58},[44,119832,1579],{"class":116},[44,119834,144],{"class":58},[44,119836,119837],{"class":147},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[44,119839,119840,119842,119844,119846,119848],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,119841,1579],{"class":50},[44,119843,113],{"class":58},[44,119845,35027],{"class":116},[44,119847,7862],{"class":58},[44,119849,119850],{"class":147},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119852,227,119853,119855,119856,119858],{},[15,119854,74666],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119857,78109],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[30,119860,119862],{"id":119861},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[252,119864,119865,119870,119875,119882],{},[255,119866,227,119867,119869],{},[15,119868,74666],{}," to get a new sorted list",[255,119871,227,119872,119874],{},[15,119873,78109],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[255,119876,119877,119878,2901,119880],{},"Understand why ",[15,119879,78109],{},[15,119881,4282],{},[255,119883,119884],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[30,119886,243,119887,246],{"id":117964},[15,119888,74666],{},[20,119890,119891,63167],{},[15,119892,74666],{},[20,119894,49164],{},[252,119896,119897,119903,119909],{},[255,119898,119899,119900],{},"returns a ",[590,119901,119902],{},"new list",[255,119904,119905,119906,119908],{},"does ",[590,119907,592],{}," change the original data",[255,119910,119911],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119913,51371],{},[252,119915,119916,119918,119920,119922,119924],{},[255,119917,5801],{},[255,119919,5804],{},[255,119921,5810],{},[255,119923,5807],{},[255,119925,36139],{},[981,119927,35306,119929,119931],{"id":119928},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119930,74666],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[35,119933,119935],{"className":37,"code":119934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119936,119937,119957,119961,119975,119979,119997],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119938,119939,119941,119943,119945,119947,119949,119951,119953,119955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119940,1551],{"class":50},[44,119942,55],{"class":54},[44,119944,1556],{"class":58},[44,119946,2567],{"class":95},[44,119948,83],{"class":58},[44,119950,1703],{"class":95},[44,119952,83],{"class":58},[44,119954,1717],{"class":95},[44,119956,1153],{"class":58},[44,119958,119959],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119960,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,119962,119963,119965,119967,119969,119971,119973],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,119964,1953],{"class":50},[44,119966,55],{"class":54},[44,119968,74800],{"class":135},[44,119970,120],{"class":58},[44,119972,1579],{"class":116},[44,119974,129],{"class":58},[44,119976,119977],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,119978,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,119980,119981,119983,119985,119987,119989,119991,119993,119995],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,119982,136],{"class":135},[44,119984,120],{"class":58},[44,119986,63],{"class":62},[44,119988,12626],{"class":66},[44,119990,63],{"class":62},[44,119992,83],{"class":58},[44,119994,4767],{"class":116},[44,119996,129],{"class":58},[44,119998,119999,120001,120003,120005,120008,120010,120012,120014],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,120000,136],{"class":135},[44,120002,120],{"class":58},[44,120004,63],{"class":62},[44,120006,120007],{"class":66},"sorted result:",[44,120009,63],{"class":62},[44,120011,83],{"class":58},[44,120013,81459],{"class":116},[44,120015,129],{"class":58},[20,120017,120018],{},[590,120019,2576],{},[35,120021,120023],{"className":37,"code":120022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,120024,120025,120045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120026,120027,120029,120031,120033,120035,120037,120039,120041,120043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120028,12605],{"class":50},[44,120030,72],{"class":58},[44,120032,1556],{"class":58},[44,120034,2567],{"class":95},[44,120036,83],{"class":58},[44,120038,1703],{"class":95},[44,120040,83],{"class":58},[44,120042,1717],{"class":95},[44,120044,1153],{"class":58},[44,120046,120047,120049,120051,120053,120055,120057,120059,120061,120063,120065],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120048,74756],{"class":135},[44,120050,81459],{"class":50},[44,120052,72],{"class":58},[44,120054,1556],{"class":58},[44,120056,1588],{"class":95},[44,120058,83],{"class":58},[44,120060,1717],{"class":95},[44,120062,83],{"class":58},[44,120064,2955],{"class":95},[44,120066,1153],{"class":58},[20,120068,120069,120070,120072],{},"The important part is that ",[15,120071,1579],{}," stays the same.",[20,120074,120075,120076,113],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[625,120077,4083,120078,4016],{"href":74763},[15,120079,74666],{},[30,120081,243,120082,246],{"id":78175},[15,120083,78109],{},[20,120085,120086,120088],{},[15,120087,64553],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,120090,49164],{},[252,120092,120093,120096,120099],{},[255,120094,120095],{},"changes the original list directly",[255,120097,120098],{},"only works on lists",[255,120100,4195,120101],{},[15,120102,4282],{},[981,120104,35306,120106,74204],{"id":120105},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,120107,78109],{},[35,120109,120111],{"className":37,"code":120110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120112,120113,120133,120137,120147,120151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120114,120115,120117,120119,120121,120123,120125,120127,120129,120131],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120116,1551],{"class":50},[44,120118,55],{"class":54},[44,120120,1556],{"class":58},[44,120122,2567],{"class":95},[44,120124,83],{"class":58},[44,120126,1703],{"class":95},[44,120128,83],{"class":58},[44,120130,1717],{"class":95},[44,120132,1153],{"class":58},[44,120134,120135],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120136,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,120138,120139,120141,120143,120145],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,120140,1579],{"class":50},[44,120142,113],{"class":58},[44,120144,35027],{"class":116},[44,120146,9138],{"class":58},[44,120148,120149],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,120150,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,120152,120153,120155,120157,120159],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,120154,136],{"class":135},[44,120156,120],{"class":58},[44,120158,1579],{"class":116},[44,120160,129],{"class":58},[20,120162,120163],{},[590,120164,2576],{},[35,120166,120167],{"className":37,"code":55389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120168,120169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120170,120171,120173,120175,120177,120179,120181,120183],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120172,896],{"class":58},[44,120174,1588],{"class":95},[44,120176,83],{"class":58},[44,120178,1717],{"class":95},[44,120180,83],{"class":58},[44,120182,2955],{"class":95},[44,120184,1153],{"class":58},[20,120186,120187,120188,120191],{},"After calling ",[15,120189,120190],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,120193,120194,120195,113],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[625,120196,4083,120197,11221],{"href":75017},[15,120198,78109],{},[30,120200,120202],{"id":120201},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,120204,120205],{},"Here is the core difference:",[252,120207,120208,120217],{},[255,120209,120210,120213,120214],{},[15,120211,120212],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[590,120215,120216],{},"new sorted list",[255,120218,120219,120222,120223,74574],{},[15,120220,120221],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,120224,8834],{},[981,120226,120228],{"id":120227},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[35,120230,120232],{"className":37,"code":120231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,120233,120234,120254,120258,120272,120291,120310,120314,120324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120235,120236,120238,120240,120242,120244,120246,120248,120250,120252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120237,1551],{"class":50},[44,120239,55],{"class":54},[44,120241,1556],{"class":58},[44,120243,2643],{"class":95},[44,120245,83],{"class":58},[44,120247,1717],{"class":95},[44,120249,83],{"class":58},[44,120251,2961],{"class":95},[44,120253,1153],{"class":58},[44,120255,120256],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120257,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,120259,120260,120262,120264,120266,120268,120270],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,120261,3058],{"class":50},[44,120263,55],{"class":54},[44,120265,74800],{"class":135},[44,120267,120],{"class":58},[44,120269,1579],{"class":116},[44,120271,129],{"class":58},[44,120273,120274,120276,120278,120280,120283,120285,120287,120289],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,120275,136],{"class":135},[44,120277,120],{"class":58},[44,120279,63],{"class":62},[44,120281,120282],{"class":66},"numbers after sorted():",[44,120284,63],{"class":62},[44,120286,83],{"class":58},[44,120288,4767],{"class":116},[44,120290,129],{"class":58},[44,120292,120293,120295,120297,120299,120302,120304,120306,120308],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,120294,136],{"class":135},[44,120296,120],{"class":58},[44,120298,63],{"class":62},[44,120300,120301],{"class":66},"a:",[44,120303,63],{"class":62},[44,120305,83],{"class":58},[44,120307,57127],{"class":116},[44,120309,129],{"class":58},[44,120311,120312],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,120313,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,120315,120316,120318,120320,120322],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,120317,1579],{"class":50},[44,120319,113],{"class":58},[44,120321,35027],{"class":116},[44,120323,9138],{"class":58},[44,120325,120326,120328,120330,120332,120335,120337,120339,120341],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,120327,136],{"class":135},[44,120329,120],{"class":58},[44,120331,63],{"class":62},[44,120333,120334],{"class":66},"numbers after sort():",[44,120336,63],{"class":62},[44,120338,83],{"class":58},[44,120340,4767],{"class":116},[44,120342,129],{"class":58},[20,120344,120345],{},[590,120346,2576],{},[35,120348,120350],{"className":37,"code":120349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120351,120352,120375,120395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120353,120354,120357,120359,120361,120363,120365,120367,120369,120371,120373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120355,120356],{"class":50},"numbers after ",[44,120358,74756],{"class":135},[44,120360,29808],{"class":58},[44,120362,1556],{"class":58},[44,120364,2643],{"class":95},[44,120366,83],{"class":58},[44,120368,1717],{"class":95},[44,120370,83],{"class":58},[44,120372,2961],{"class":95},[44,120374,1153],{"class":58},[44,120376,120377,120379,120381,120383,120385,120387,120389,120391,120393],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120378,625],{"class":50},[44,120380,72],{"class":58},[44,120382,1556],{"class":58},[44,120384,2561],{"class":95},[44,120386,83],{"class":58},[44,120388,2961],{"class":95},[44,120390,83],{"class":58},[44,120392,5108],{"class":95},[44,120394,1153],{"class":58},[44,120396,120397,120399,120401,120403,120405,120407,120409,120411,120413,120415],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,120398,120356],{"class":50},[44,120400,35027],{"class":116},[44,120402,29808],{"class":58},[44,120404,1556],{"class":58},[44,120406,2561],{"class":95},[44,120408,83],{"class":58},[44,120410,2961],{"class":95},[44,120412,83],{"class":58},[44,120414,5108],{"class":95},[44,120416,1153],{"class":58},[20,120418,11195],{},[252,120420,120421,120426],{},[255,120422,120423,120425],{},[15,120424,74666],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[255,120427,120428,120430],{},[15,120429,64553],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[30,120432,769,120434],{"id":120433},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120435,74666],{},[20,120437,227,120438,776],{},[15,120439,74666],{},[252,120441,120442,120445,120447,120450],{},[255,120443,120444],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[255,120446,119214],{},[255,120448,120449],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[255,120451,120452],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[981,120454,120456],{"id":120455},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[35,120458,120460],{"className":37,"code":120459,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120461,120462,120486,120490,120504,120508,120518],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120463,120464,120466,120468,120470,120472,120474,120476,120478,120480,120482,120484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120465,1551],{"class":50},[44,120467,55],{"class":54},[44,120469,9728],{"class":58},[44,120471,3008],{"class":95},[44,120473,83],{"class":58},[44,120475,1703],{"class":95},[44,120477,83],{"class":58},[44,120479,2955],{"class":95},[44,120481,83],{"class":58},[44,120483,1717],{"class":95},[44,120485,129],{"class":58},[44,120487,120488],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120489,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,120491,120492,120494,120496,120498,120500,120502],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,120493,1953],{"class":50},[44,120495,55],{"class":54},[44,120497,74800],{"class":135},[44,120499,120],{"class":58},[44,120501,1579],{"class":116},[44,120503,129],{"class":58},[44,120505,120506],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,120507,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,120509,120510,120512,120514,120516],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,120511,136],{"class":135},[44,120513,120],{"class":58},[44,120515,1984],{"class":116},[44,120517,129],{"class":58},[44,120519,120520,120522,120524,120526,120528,120530],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,120521,136],{"class":135},[44,120523,120],{"class":58},[44,120525,2249],{"class":2248},[44,120527,120],{"class":58},[44,120529,1984],{"class":116},[44,120531,2239],{"class":58},[20,120533,120534],{},[590,120535,2576],{},[35,120537,120539],{"className":37,"code":120538,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120540,120541,120561],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120542,120543,120545,120547,120549,120551,120553,120555,120557,120559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120544,896],{"class":58},[44,120546,1588],{"class":95},[44,120548,83],{"class":58},[44,120550,1717],{"class":95},[44,120552,83],{"class":58},[44,120554,2955],{"class":95},[44,120556,83],{"class":58},[44,120558,2961],{"class":95},[44,120560,1153],{"class":58},[44,120562,120563,120565,120567,120569,120571,120573],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120564,3797],{"class":54},[44,120566,3800],{"class":2570},[44,120568,2232],{"class":62},[44,120570,8588],{"class":66},[44,120572,2197],{"class":62},[44,120574,3809],{"class":54},[20,120576,2790,120577,120579,120580,113],{},[15,120578,74666],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[590,120581,8588],{},[20,120583,120584,120585,120587],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[625,120586,53010],{"href":51217}," is a helpful next step.",[30,120589,769,120591],{"id":120590},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120592,78109],{},[20,120594,227,120595,776],{},[15,120596,78109],{},[252,120598,120599,120602,120605,120608],{},[255,120600,120601],{},"you already have a list",[255,120603,120604],{},"you want to update that list directly",[255,120606,120607],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[255,120609,120610],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[981,120612,120614],{"id":120613},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[35,120616,120618],{"className":37,"code":120617,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120619,120620,120652,120656,120666,120670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120621,120622,120624,120626,120628,120630,120632,120634,120636,120638,120640,120642,120644,120646,120648,120650],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120623,5496],{"class":50},[44,120625,55],{"class":54},[44,120627,1556],{"class":58},[44,120629,63],{"class":62},[44,120631,5523],{"class":66},[44,120633,63],{"class":62},[44,120635,83],{"class":58},[44,120637,75],{"class":62},[44,120639,5505],{"class":66},[44,120641,63],{"class":62},[44,120643,83],{"class":58},[44,120645,75],{"class":62},[44,120647,5514],{"class":66},[44,120649,63],{"class":62},[44,120651,1153],{"class":58},[44,120653,120654],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120655,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,120657,120658,120660,120662,120664],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,120659,5540],{"class":50},[44,120661,113],{"class":58},[44,120663,35027],{"class":116},[44,120665,9138],{"class":58},[44,120667,120668],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,120669,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,120671,120672,120674,120676,120678],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,120673,136],{"class":135},[44,120675,120],{"class":58},[44,120677,5540],{"class":116},[44,120679,129],{"class":58},[20,120681,120682],{},[590,120683,2576],{},[35,120685,120687],{"className":37,"code":120686,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120688,120689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120690,120691,120693,120695,120697,120699,120701,120703,120705,120707,120709,120711,120713,120715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120692,896],{"class":58},[44,120694,2197],{"class":62},[44,120696,5505],{"class":66},[44,120698,2197],{"class":62},[44,120700,83],{"class":58},[44,120702,2232],{"class":62},[44,120704,5514],{"class":66},[44,120706,2197],{"class":62},[44,120708,83],{"class":58},[44,120710,2232],{"class":62},[44,120712,5523],{"class":66},[44,120714,2197],{"class":62},[44,120716,1153],{"class":58},[20,120718,120719],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120721,120722,120723,113],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[625,120724,80115],{"href":78618},[30,120726,120728,976,120730,120732],{"id":120727},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120729,73819],{},[15,120731,414],{}," work with both",[20,120734,973,120735,976,120737,120739],{},[15,120736,74666],{},[15,120738,78109],{}," support:",[252,120741,120742,120747],{},[255,120743,120744,120746],{},[15,120745,78333],{}," for descending order",[255,120748,120749,120752],{},[15,120750,120751],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120754,120755],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[981,120757,120759],{"id":120758},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[35,120761,120763],{"className":37,"code":120762,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120764,120765,120785,120789,120811,120815,120833],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120766,120767,120769,120771,120773,120775,120777,120779,120781,120783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120768,1551],{"class":50},[44,120770,55],{"class":54},[44,120772,1556],{"class":58},[44,120774,2567],{"class":95},[44,120776,83],{"class":58},[44,120778,1703],{"class":95},[44,120780,83],{"class":58},[44,120782,1717],{"class":95},[44,120784,1153],{"class":58},[44,120786,120787],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120788,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,120790,120791,120793,120795,120797,120799,120801,120803,120805,120807,120809],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,120792,136],{"class":135},[44,120794,120],{"class":58},[44,120796,74756],{"class":135},[44,120798,120],{"class":58},[44,120800,1579],{"class":116},[44,120802,83],{"class":58},[44,120804,78312],{"class":9668},[44,120806,55],{"class":54},[44,120808,4112],{"class":1266},[44,120810,2239],{"class":58},[44,120812,120813],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,120814,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,120816,120817,120819,120821,120823,120825,120827,120829,120831],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,120818,1579],{"class":50},[44,120820,113],{"class":58},[44,120822,35027],{"class":116},[44,120824,120],{"class":58},[44,120826,73819],{"class":9668},[44,120828,55],{"class":54},[44,120830,4112],{"class":1266},[44,120832,129],{"class":58},[44,120834,120835,120837,120839,120841],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,120836,136],{"class":135},[44,120838,120],{"class":58},[44,120840,1579],{"class":116},[44,120842,129],{"class":58},[20,120844,120845],{},[590,120846,2576],{},[35,120848,120850],{"className":37,"code":120849,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120851,120852,120868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120853,120854,120856,120858,120860,120862,120864,120866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120855,896],{"class":58},[44,120857,2567],{"class":95},[44,120859,83],{"class":58},[44,120861,1717],{"class":95},[44,120863,83],{"class":58},[44,120865,1703],{"class":95},[44,120867,1153],{"class":58},[44,120869,120870,120872,120874,120876,120878,120880,120882],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120871,896],{"class":58},[44,120873,2567],{"class":95},[44,120875,83],{"class":58},[44,120877,1717],{"class":95},[44,120879,83],{"class":58},[44,120881,1703],{"class":95},[44,120883,1153],{"class":58},[981,120885,120887],{"id":120886},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[35,120889,120891],{"className":37,"code":120890,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120892,120893,120925,120929,120955,120959,120981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120894,120895,120897,120899,120901,120903,120905,120907,120909,120911,120913,120915,120917,120919,120921,120923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120896,4573],{"class":50},[44,120898,55],{"class":54},[44,120900,1556],{"class":58},[44,120902,63],{"class":62},[44,120904,83605],{"class":66},[44,120906,63],{"class":62},[44,120908,83],{"class":58},[44,120910,75],{"class":62},[44,120912,4582],{"class":66},[44,120914,63],{"class":62},[44,120916,83],{"class":58},[44,120918,75],{"class":62},[44,120920,119079],{"class":66},[44,120922,63],{"class":62},[44,120924,1153],{"class":58},[44,120926,120927],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120928,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,120930,120931,120933,120935,120937,120939,120941,120943,120945,120947,120949,120951,120953],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,120932,136],{"class":135},[44,120934,120],{"class":58},[44,120936,74756],{"class":135},[44,120938,120],{"class":58},[44,120940,4617],{"class":116},[44,120942,83],{"class":58},[44,120944,22018],{"class":9668},[44,120946,55],{"class":54},[44,120948,3950],{"class":2248},[44,120950,113],{"class":58},[44,120952,9135],{"class":25189},[44,120954,2239],{"class":58},[44,120956,120957],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,120958,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,120960,120961,120963,120965,120967,120969,120971,120973,120975,120977,120979],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,120962,4617],{"class":50},[44,120964,113],{"class":58},[44,120966,35027],{"class":116},[44,120968,120],{"class":58},[44,120970,414],{"class":9668},[44,120972,55],{"class":54},[44,120974,3950],{"class":2248},[44,120976,113],{"class":58},[44,120978,9135],{"class":25189},[44,120980,129],{"class":58},[44,120982,120983,120985,120987,120989],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,120984,136],{"class":135},[44,120986,120],{"class":58},[44,120988,4617],{"class":116},[44,120990,129],{"class":58},[20,120992,120993],{},[590,120994,2576],{},[35,120996,120998],{"className":37,"code":120997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120999,121000,121028],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121001,121002,121004,121006,121008,121010,121012,121014,121016,121018,121020,121022,121024,121026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121003,896],{"class":58},[44,121005,2197],{"class":62},[44,121007,4582],{"class":66},[44,121009,2197],{"class":62},[44,121011,83],{"class":58},[44,121013,2232],{"class":62},[44,121015,83605],{"class":66},[44,121017,2197],{"class":62},[44,121019,83],{"class":58},[44,121021,2232],{"class":62},[44,121023,119079],{"class":66},[44,121025,2197],{"class":62},[44,121027,1153],{"class":58},[44,121029,121030,121032,121034,121036,121038,121040,121042,121044,121046,121048,121050,121052,121054],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121031,896],{"class":58},[44,121033,2197],{"class":62},[44,121035,4582],{"class":66},[44,121037,2197],{"class":62},[44,121039,83],{"class":58},[44,121041,2232],{"class":62},[44,121043,83605],{"class":66},[44,121045,2197],{"class":62},[44,121047,83],{"class":58},[44,121049,2232],{"class":62},[44,121051,119079],{"class":66},[44,121053,2197],{"class":62},[44,121055,1153],{"class":58},[20,121057,1785,121058,121060],{},[15,121059,78827],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,121062,121063,121064,113],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[625,121065,121067],{"href":121066},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[30,121069,121071],{"id":121070},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,121073,121074],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[981,121076,121078,121079,13066],{"id":121077},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,121080,78109],{},[20,121082,121083],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[35,121085,121087],{"className":37,"code":121086,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121088,121089,121109,121113,121127,121131,121141],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121090,121091,121093,121095,121097,121099,121101,121103,121105,121107],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121092,1551],{"class":50},[44,121094,55],{"class":54},[44,121096,1556],{"class":58},[44,121098,2567],{"class":95},[44,121100,83],{"class":58},[44,121102,1703],{"class":95},[44,121104,83],{"class":58},[44,121106,1717],{"class":95},[44,121108,1153],{"class":58},[44,121110,121111],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121112,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,121114,121115,121117,121119,121121,121123,121125],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,121116,1953],{"class":50},[44,121118,55],{"class":54},[44,121120,4767],{"class":50},[44,121122,113],{"class":58},[44,121124,35027],{"class":116},[44,121126,9138],{"class":58},[44,121128,121129],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,121130,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,121132,121133,121135,121137,121139],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,121134,136],{"class":135},[44,121136,120],{"class":58},[44,121138,1984],{"class":116},[44,121140,129],{"class":58},[44,121142,121143,121145,121147,121149],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,121144,136],{"class":135},[44,121146,120],{"class":58},[44,121148,1579],{"class":116},[44,121150,129],{"class":58},[20,121152,121153],{},[590,121154,2576],{},[35,121156,121157],{"className":37,"code":79450,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,121158,121159,121163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121160,121161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121162,12280],{"class":1266},[44,121164,121165,121167,121169,121171,121173,121175,121177],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121166,896],{"class":58},[44,121168,1588],{"class":95},[44,121170,83],{"class":58},[44,121172,1717],{"class":95},[44,121174,83],{"class":58},[44,121176,2955],{"class":95},[44,121178,1153],{"class":58},[20,121180,12372],{},[252,121182,121183,121188,121193],{},[255,121184,121185,121187],{},[15,121186,120190],{}," sorts the list in place",[255,121189,35243,121190,121192],{},[590,121191,592],{}," return the sorted list",[255,121194,90229,121195,42389,121197],{},[15,121196,1984],{},[15,121198,4282],{},[981,121200,121202,121203,121205],{"id":121201},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,121204,74666],{}," to change the original list",[35,121207,121209],{"className":37,"code":121208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121210,121211,121231,121235,121245,121249],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121212,121213,121215,121217,121219,121221,121223,121225,121227,121229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121214,1551],{"class":50},[44,121216,55],{"class":54},[44,121218,1556],{"class":58},[44,121220,2567],{"class":95},[44,121222,83],{"class":58},[44,121224,1703],{"class":95},[44,121226,83],{"class":58},[44,121228,1717],{"class":95},[44,121230,1153],{"class":58},[44,121232,121233],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121234,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,121236,121237,121239,121241,121243],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,121238,74756],{"class":135},[44,121240,120],{"class":58},[44,121242,1579],{"class":116},[44,121244,129],{"class":58},[44,121246,121247],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,121248,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,121250,121251,121253,121255,121257],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,121252,136],{"class":135},[44,121254,120],{"class":58},[44,121256,1579],{"class":116},[44,121258,129],{"class":58},[20,121260,121261],{},[590,121262,2576],{},[35,121264,121265],{"className":37,"code":119411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,121266,121267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121268,121269,121271,121273,121275,121277,121279,121281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121270,896],{"class":58},[44,121272,2567],{"class":95},[44,121274,83],{"class":58},[44,121276,1703],{"class":95},[44,121278,83],{"class":58},[44,121280,1717],{"class":95},[44,121282,1153],{"class":58},[20,121284,121285,121288],{},[15,121286,121287],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121290,11288],{},[35,121292,121294],{"className":37,"code":121293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121295,121296,121316,121320,121334,121338],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121297,121298,121300,121302,121304,121306,121308,121310,121312,121314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121299,1551],{"class":50},[44,121301,55],{"class":54},[44,121303,1556],{"class":58},[44,121305,2567],{"class":95},[44,121307,83],{"class":58},[44,121309,1703],{"class":95},[44,121311,83],{"class":58},[44,121313,1717],{"class":95},[44,121315,1153],{"class":58},[44,121317,121318],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121319,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,121321,121322,121324,121326,121328,121330,121332],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,121323,55881],{"class":50},[44,121325,55],{"class":54},[44,121327,74800],{"class":135},[44,121329,120],{"class":58},[44,121331,1579],{"class":116},[44,121333,129],{"class":58},[44,121335,121336],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,121337,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,121339,121340,121342,121344,121346],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,121341,136],{"class":135},[44,121343,120],{"class":58},[44,121345,55900],{"class":116},[44,121347,129],{"class":58},[981,121349,121351,121352,121354],{"id":121350},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121353,64553],{}," on a tuple or string",[35,121356,121357],{"className":37,"code":79552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,121358,121359,121371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121360,121361,121363,121365,121367,121369],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121362,34915],{"class":50},[44,121364,55],{"class":54},[44,121366,75],{"class":62},[44,121368,39],{"class":66},[44,121370,3865],{"class":62},[44,121372,121373,121375,121377,121379],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121374,34936],{"class":50},[44,121376,113],{"class":58},[44,121378,35027],{"class":116},[44,121380,9138],{"class":58},[20,121382,121383,121384,33827],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121385,64553],{},[20,121387,121388,121390],{},[15,121389,64553],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121392,121393,121394,121396,121397,113],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121395,74666],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[625,121398,5637],{"href":6087},[981,121400,121402,121403,119448],{"id":121401},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121404,74666],{},[35,121406,121408],{"className":37,"code":121407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121409,121410,121423,121437,121441,121451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121411,121412,121414,121416,121418,121421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121413,34915],{"class":50},[44,121415,55],{"class":54},[44,121417,75],{"class":62},[44,121419,121420],{"class":66},"cab",[44,121422,3865],{"class":62},[44,121424,121425,121427,121429,121431,121433,121435],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121426,1953],{"class":50},[44,121428,55],{"class":54},[44,121430,74800],{"class":135},[44,121432,120],{"class":58},[44,121434,34936],{"class":116},[44,121436,129],{"class":58},[44,121438,121439],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,121440,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,121442,121443,121445,121447,121449],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,121444,136],{"class":135},[44,121446,120],{"class":58},[44,121448,1984],{"class":116},[44,121450,129],{"class":58},[44,121452,121453,121455,121457,121459,121461,121463],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,121454,136],{"class":135},[44,121456,120],{"class":58},[44,121458,2249],{"class":2248},[44,121460,120],{"class":58},[44,121462,1984],{"class":116},[44,121464,2239],{"class":58},[20,121466,121467],{},[590,121468,2576],{},[35,121470,121472],{"className":37,"code":121471,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121473,121474,121502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121475,121476,121478,121480,121482,121484,121486,121488,121490,121492,121494,121496,121498,121500],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121477,896],{"class":58},[44,121479,2197],{"class":62},[44,121481,625],{"class":66},[44,121483,2197],{"class":62},[44,121485,83],{"class":58},[44,121487,2232],{"class":62},[44,121489,639],{"class":66},[44,121491,2197],{"class":62},[44,121493,83],{"class":58},[44,121495,2232],{"class":62},[44,121497,696],{"class":66},[44,121499,2197],{"class":62},[44,121501,1153],{"class":58},[44,121503,121504,121506,121508,121510,121512,121514],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121505,3797],{"class":54},[44,121507,3800],{"class":2570},[44,121509,2232],{"class":62},[44,121511,8588],{"class":66},[44,121513,2197],{"class":62},[44,121515,3809],{"class":54},[20,121517,121518],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[30,121520,113969],{"id":113968},[20,121522,121523],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[252,121525,121526,121529,121534,121539,121545],{},[255,121527,121528],{},"confusing a function with a method",[255,121530,121531,121532,53883],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121533,64553],{},[255,121535,121536,121537,13066],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121538,78109],{},[255,121540,121541,121542,121544],{},"trying to use ",[15,121543,64553],{}," on non-list data types",[255,121546,50743,121547,121549],{},[15,121548,74666],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121551,121552],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,121554,121556],{"className":37,"code":121555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121557,121558,121568,121582,121607,121622,121632],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121559,121560,121562,121564,121566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121561,136],{"class":135},[44,121563,120],{"class":58},[44,121565,8834],{"class":116},[44,121567,129],{"class":58},[44,121569,121570,121572,121574,121576,121578,121580],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121571,136],{"class":135},[44,121573,120],{"class":58},[44,121575,74756],{"class":135},[44,121577,120],{"class":58},[44,121579,8834],{"class":116},[44,121581,2239],{"class":58},[44,121583,121584,121586,121588,121590,121592,121594,121596,121599,121601,121603,121605],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,121585,1953],{"class":50},[44,121587,55],{"class":54},[44,121589,8891],{"class":50},[44,121591,113],{"class":58},[44,121593,35027],{"class":116},[44,121595,7862],{"class":58},[44,121597,121598],{"class":50},"; ",[44,121600,136],{"class":135},[44,121602,120],{"class":58},[44,121604,1984],{"class":116},[44,121606,129],{"class":58},[44,121608,121609,121611,121613,121615,121617,121620],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,121610,136],{"class":135},[44,121612,120],{"class":58},[44,121614,2249],{"class":2248},[44,121616,120],{"class":58},[44,121618,121619],{"class":116},"my_data",[44,121621,2239],{"class":58},[44,121623,121624,121626,121628,121630],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,121625,32378],{"class":135},[44,121627,120],{"class":58},[44,121629,74756],{"class":135},[44,121631,129],{"class":58},[44,121633,121634,121636,121638,121640,121642,121644],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,121635,32378],{"class":135},[44,121637,120],{"class":58},[44,121639,8588],{"class":2248},[44,121641,113],{"class":58},[44,121643,35027],{"class":25189},[44,121645,129],{"class":58},[20,121647,84615],{},[252,121649,121650,121653,121657,121665],{},[255,121651,121652],{},"whether your original list changed",[255,121654,26455,121655,12180],{},[15,121656,74666],{},[255,121658,121659,121660,121662,121663],{},"whether ",[15,121661,64553],{}," returned ",[15,121664,4282],{},[255,121666,121667],{},"what type of object you are working with",[30,121669,121671],{"id":121670},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121673,121674],{},"Use this rule:",[252,121676,121677,121685],{},[255,121678,121679,121680,121682,121683],{},"Need a ",[590,121681,119773],{},": use ",[15,121684,74666],{},[255,121686,121687,121688,121682,121691],{},"Need to ",[590,121689,121690],{},"change one list directly",[15,121692,78109],{},[20,121694,121695,121696,121698],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121697,74666],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[30,121700,2301],{"id":2300},[981,121702,121704,121705,3384,121707,2363],{"id":121703},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121706,74666],{},[15,121708,78109],{},[20,121710,121711,121713],{},[15,121712,74666],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[981,121715,5659,121717,5662,121719,2363],{"id":121716},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121718,78109],{},[15,121720,4282],{},[20,121722,121723],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[981,121725,5671,121727,121729],{"id":121726},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121728,74666],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121731,121732],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[981,121734,2339,121736,121738],{"id":121735},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121737,64553],{}," on a string?",[20,121740,46601,121741,121743,121744,40162],{},[15,121742,64553],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121745,121746],{},"sorted(string)",[981,121748,12291,121750,976,121752,121754],{"id":121749},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121751,74666],{},[15,121753,64553],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121756,121757,121758,113],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121759,78333],{},[30,121761,2375],{"id":2374},[252,121763,121764,121770,121776,121780,121784],{},[255,121765,121766],{},[625,121767,4083,121768,4016],{"href":74763},[15,121769,74666],{},[255,121771,121772],{},[625,121773,4083,121774,11221],{"href":75017},[15,121775,78109],{},[255,121777,121778],{},[625,121779,80115],{"href":78618},[255,121781,121782],{},[625,121783,121067],{"href":121066},[255,121785,121786],{},[625,121787,53010],{"href":51217},[2414,121789,121790],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":121792},[121793,121794,121795,121799,121803,121806,121810,121814,121819,121829,121830,121831,121843],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":119861,"depth":102,"text":119862},{"id":117964,"depth":102,"text":119686,"children":121796},[121797],{"id":119928,"depth":132,"text":121798},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78175,"depth":102,"text":80137,"children":121800},[121801],{"id":120105,"depth":132,"text":121802},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120201,"depth":102,"text":120202,"children":121804},[121805],{"id":120227,"depth":132,"text":120228},{"id":120433,"depth":102,"text":121807,"children":121808},"When to use sorted()",[121809],{"id":120455,"depth":132,"text":120456},{"id":120590,"depth":102,"text":121811,"children":121812},"When to use list.sort()",[121813],{"id":120613,"depth":132,"text":120614},{"id":120727,"depth":102,"text":121815,"children":121816},"reverse and key work with both",[121817,121818],{"id":120758,"depth":132,"text":120759},{"id":120886,"depth":132,"text":120887},{"id":121070,"depth":102,"text":121071,"children":121820},[121821,121823,121825,121827],{"id":121077,"depth":132,"text":121822},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121201,"depth":132,"text":121824},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121350,"depth":132,"text":121826},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121401,"depth":132,"text":121828},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113968,"depth":102,"text":113969},{"id":121670,"depth":102,"text":121671},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":121832},[121833,121835,121837,121839,121841],{"id":121703,"depth":132,"text":121834},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121716,"depth":132,"text":121836},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121726,"depth":132,"text":121838},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121735,"depth":132,"text":121840},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121749,"depth":132,"text":121842},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119732,"description":121844},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121850,"title":42410,"body":121851,"description":123583,"extension":2465,"meta":123584,"navigation":169,"path":123585,"seo":123586,"stem":123587,"__hash__":123588},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121852,"toc":123540},[121853,121858,121863,121869,121871,121926,121930,121953,121958,121963,121968,121970,122001,122004,122018,122020,122022,122037,122042,122046,122049,122100,122104,122118,122125,122129,122133,122188,122192,122215,122219,122275,122279,122302,122306,122361,122365,122388,122392,122459,122463,122498,122504,122509,122514,122516,122530,122532,122606,122610,122630,122635,122642,122645,122657,122659,122728,122732,122769,122772,122797,122804,122813,122816,122828,122834,122840,122842,122848,122853,122932,122936,122977,122981,122983,123010,123013,123036,123039,123045,123048,123085,123097,123104,123106,123157,123160,123192,123195,123197,123204,123206,123221,123223,123280,123284,123308,123310,123315,123331,123338,123342,123345,123428,123438,123440,123445,123448,123454,123457,123463,123466,123472,123475,123482,123490,123492,123537],[10,121854,4083,121856,4087],{"id":121855},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121857,47920],{},[20,121859,32543,121860,121862],{},[15,121861,47920],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121864,121865,121866,121868],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121867,47920],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[30,121870,2507],{"id":2506},[35,121872,121874],{"className":37,"code":121873,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121875,121876,121884,121898,121902,121912],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121877,121878,121880,121882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121879,1036],{"class":50},[44,121881,55],{"class":54},[44,121883,45461],{"class":95},[44,121885,121886,121888,121890,121892,121894,121896],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121887,34915],{"class":50},[44,121889,55],{"class":54},[44,121891,49141],{"class":2248},[44,121893,120],{"class":58},[44,121895,88],{"class":116},[44,121897,129],{"class":58},[44,121899,121900],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,121901,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,121903,121904,121906,121908,121910],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,121905,136],{"class":135},[44,121907,120],{"class":58},[44,121909,34936],{"class":116},[44,121911,129],{"class":58},[44,121913,121914,121916,121918,121920,121922,121924],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,121915,136],{"class":135},[44,121917,120],{"class":58},[44,121919,2249],{"class":2248},[44,121921,120],{"class":58},[44,121923,34936],{"class":116},[44,121925,2239],{"class":58},[20,121927,121928],{},[590,121929,2576],{},[35,121931,121933],{"className":37,"code":121932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121934,121935,121939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121936,121937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121938,3213],{"class":95},[44,121940,121941,121943,121945,121947,121949,121951],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121942,3797],{"class":54},[44,121944,3800],{"class":2570},[44,121946,2232],{"class":62},[44,121948,3950],{"class":66},[44,121950,2197],{"class":62},[44,121952,3809],{"class":54},[20,121954,227,121955,121957],{},[15,121956,47920],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[30,121959,243,121961,246],{"id":121960},"what-str-does",[15,121962,47920],{},[20,121964,121965,121967],{},[15,121966,47920],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121969,2613],{},[252,121971,121972,121979,121986,121993],{},[255,121973,121974,121975,42389,121977],{},"An integer like ",[15,121976,1559],{},[15,121978,42360],{},[255,121980,121981,121982,42389,121984],{},"A float like ",[15,121983,40376],{},[15,121985,48331],{},[255,121987,121988,121989,42389,121991],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121990,4112],{},[15,121992,7138],{},[255,121994,121995,121996,42389,121998],{},"A list like ",[15,121997,75488],{},[15,121999,122000],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,122002,122003],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[252,122005,122006,122009,122012,122015],{},[255,122007,122008],{},"print it",[255,122010,122011],{},"combine it with other strings",[255,122013,122014],{},"save it to a file",[255,122016,122017],{},"use it in messages",[30,122019,392],{"id":391},[20,122021,7714],{},[35,122023,122025],{"className":37,"code":122024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"str(object)\n",[15,122026,122027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122028,122029,122031,122033,122035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122030,3950],{"class":2248},[44,122032,120],{"class":58},[44,122034,42633],{"class":2248},[44,122036,129],{"class":58},[20,122038,381,122039,122041],{},[15,122040,42633],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,122043,122044,8720],{},[15,122045,47920],{},[20,122047,122048],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[35,122050,122052],{"className":37,"code":122051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,122053,122054,122063,122086,122090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122055,122056,122058,122060],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122057,5596],{"class":50},[44,122059,55],{"class":54},[44,122061,122062],{"class":95}," 100\n",[44,122064,122065,122067,122069,122071,122074,122076,122078,122080,122082,122084],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122066,90249],{"class":50},[44,122068,55],{"class":54},[44,122070,75],{"class":62},[44,122072,122073],{"class":66},"Your score is ",[44,122075,63],{"class":62},[44,122077,2958],{"class":54},[44,122079,49141],{"class":2248},[44,122081,120],{"class":58},[44,122083,85762],{"class":116},[44,122085,129],{"class":58},[44,122087,122088],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,122089,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,122091,122092,122094,122096,122098],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,122093,136],{"class":135},[44,122095,120],{"class":58},[44,122097,90266],{"class":116},[44,122099,129],{"class":58},[20,122101,122102],{},[590,122103,2576],{},[35,122105,122107],{"className":37,"code":122106,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Your score is 100\n",[15,122108,122109],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122110,122111,122114,122116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122112,122113],{"class":50},"Your score ",[44,122115,12666],{"class":54},[44,122117,122062],{"class":95},[20,122119,2800,122120,122124],{},[625,122121,122122,2807],{"href":2803},[15,122123,2806],{}," can help you check.",[30,122126,122128],{"id":122127},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[981,122130,122132],{"id":122131},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[35,122134,122136],{"className":37,"code":122135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122137,122138,122146,122160,122164,122174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122139,122140,122142,122144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122141,2723],{"class":50},[44,122143,55],{"class":54},[44,122145,3091],{"class":95},[44,122147,122148,122150,122152,122154,122156,122158],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122149,34915],{"class":50},[44,122151,55],{"class":54},[44,122153,49141],{"class":2248},[44,122155,120],{"class":58},[44,122157,2744],{"class":116},[44,122159,129],{"class":58},[44,122161,122162],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,122163,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,122165,122166,122168,122170,122172],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,122167,136],{"class":135},[44,122169,120],{"class":58},[44,122171,34936],{"class":116},[44,122173,129],{"class":58},[44,122175,122176,122178,122180,122182,122184,122186],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,122177,136],{"class":135},[44,122179,120],{"class":58},[44,122181,2249],{"class":2248},[44,122183,120],{"class":58},[44,122185,34936],{"class":116},[44,122187,2239],{"class":58},[20,122189,122190],{},[590,122191,2576],{},[35,122193,122195],{"className":37,"code":122194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122196,122197,122201],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122198,122199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122200,2880],{"class":95},[44,122202,122203,122205,122207,122209,122211,122213],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122204,3797],{"class":54},[44,122206,3800],{"class":2570},[44,122208,2232],{"class":62},[44,122210,3950],{"class":66},[44,122212,2197],{"class":62},[44,122214,3809],{"class":54},[981,122216,122218],{"id":122217},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[35,122220,122222],{"className":37,"code":122221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122223,122224,122233,122247,122251,122261],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122225,122226,122228,122230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122227,40620],{"class":50},[44,122229,55],{"class":54},[44,122231,122232],{"class":95}," 3.14\n",[44,122234,122235,122237,122239,122241,122243,122245],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122236,34915],{"class":50},[44,122238,55],{"class":54},[44,122240,49141],{"class":2248},[44,122242,120],{"class":58},[44,122244,825],{"class":116},[44,122246,129],{"class":58},[44,122248,122249],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,122250,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,122252,122253,122255,122257,122259],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,122254,136],{"class":135},[44,122256,120],{"class":58},[44,122258,34936],{"class":116},[44,122260,129],{"class":58},[44,122262,122263,122265,122267,122269,122271,122273],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,122264,136],{"class":135},[44,122266,120],{"class":58},[44,122268,2249],{"class":2248},[44,122270,120],{"class":58},[44,122272,34936],{"class":116},[44,122274,2239],{"class":58},[20,122276,122277],{},[590,122278,2576],{},[35,122280,122282],{"className":37,"code":122281,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122283,122284,122288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122285,122286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122287,40410],{"class":95},[44,122289,122290,122292,122294,122296,122298,122300],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122291,3797],{"class":54},[44,122293,3800],{"class":2570},[44,122295,2232],{"class":62},[44,122297,3950],{"class":66},[44,122299,2197],{"class":62},[44,122301,3809],{"class":54},[981,122303,122305],{"id":122304},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[35,122307,122309],{"className":37,"code":122308,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122310,122311,122319,122333,122337,122347],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122312,122313,122315,122317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122314,1244],{"class":50},[44,122316,55],{"class":54},[44,122318,6923],{"class":1266},[44,122320,122321,122323,122325,122327,122329,122331],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122322,34915],{"class":50},[44,122324,55],{"class":54},[44,122326,49141],{"class":2248},[44,122328,120],{"class":58},[44,122330,1282],{"class":116},[44,122332,129],{"class":58},[44,122334,122335],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,122336,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,122338,122339,122341,122343,122345],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,122340,136],{"class":135},[44,122342,120],{"class":58},[44,122344,34936],{"class":116},[44,122346,129],{"class":58},[44,122348,122349,122351,122353,122355,122357,122359],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,122350,136],{"class":135},[44,122352,120],{"class":58},[44,122354,2249],{"class":2248},[44,122356,120],{"class":58},[44,122358,34936],{"class":116},[44,122360,2239],{"class":58},[20,122362,122363],{},[590,122364,2576],{},[35,122366,122368],{"className":37,"code":122367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122369,122370,122374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122371,122372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122373,4482],{"class":1266},[44,122375,122376,122378,122380,122382,122384,122386],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122377,3797],{"class":54},[44,122379,3800],{"class":2570},[44,122381,2232],{"class":62},[44,122383,3950],{"class":66},[44,122385,2197],{"class":62},[44,122387,3809],{"class":54},[981,122389,122391],{"id":122390},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[35,122393,122395],{"className":37,"code":122394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122396,122397,122417,122431,122435,122445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122398,122399,122401,122403,122405,122407,122409,122411,122413,122415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122400,8276],{"class":50},[44,122402,55],{"class":54},[44,122404,1556],{"class":58},[44,122406,1588],{"class":95},[44,122408,83],{"class":58},[44,122410,1717],{"class":95},[44,122412,83],{"class":58},[44,122414,2955],{"class":95},[44,122416,1153],{"class":58},[44,122418,122419,122421,122423,122425,122427,122429],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122420,34915],{"class":50},[44,122422,55],{"class":54},[44,122424,49141],{"class":2248},[44,122426,120],{"class":58},[44,122428,8305],{"class":116},[44,122430,129],{"class":58},[44,122432,122433],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,122434,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,122436,122437,122439,122441,122443],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,122438,136],{"class":135},[44,122440,120],{"class":58},[44,122442,34936],{"class":116},[44,122444,129],{"class":58},[44,122446,122447,122449,122451,122453,122455,122457],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,122448,136],{"class":135},[44,122450,120],{"class":58},[44,122452,2249],{"class":2248},[44,122454,120],{"class":58},[44,122456,34936],{"class":116},[44,122458,2239],{"class":58},[20,122460,122461],{},[590,122462,2576],{},[35,122464,122466],{"className":37,"code":122465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122467,122468,122484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122469,122470,122472,122474,122476,122478,122480,122482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122471,896],{"class":58},[44,122473,1588],{"class":95},[44,122475,83],{"class":58},[44,122477,1717],{"class":95},[44,122479,83],{"class":58},[44,122481,2955],{"class":95},[44,122483,1153],{"class":58},[44,122485,122486,122488,122490,122492,122494,122496],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122487,3797],{"class":54},[44,122489,3800],{"class":2570},[44,122491,2232],{"class":62},[44,122493,3950],{"class":66},[44,122495,2197],{"class":62},[44,122497,3809],{"class":54},[20,122499,122500,122501,122503],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[590,122502,592],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[30,122505,769,122507],{"id":122506},"when-to-use-str",[15,122508,47920],{},[20,122510,227,122511,122513],{},[15,122512,47920],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122515,36656],{},[252,122517,122518,122521,122524,122527],{},[255,122519,122520],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[255,122522,122523],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[255,122525,122526],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[255,122528,122529],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122531,269],{},[35,122533,122535],{"className":37,"code":122534,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122536,122537,122549,122557,122561,122596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122538,122539,122541,122543,122545,122547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122540,8372],{"class":50},[44,122542,55],{"class":54},[44,122544,75],{"class":62},[44,122546,11985],{"class":66},[44,122548,3865],{"class":62},[44,122550,122551,122553,122555],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122552,1036],{"class":50},[44,122554,55],{"class":54},[44,122556,45461],{"class":95},[44,122558,122559],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,122560,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,122562,122563,122565,122567,122569,122571,122573,122575,122577,122579,122581,122583,122585,122587,122589,122591,122594],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,122564,90249],{"class":50},[44,122566,55],{"class":54},[44,122568,36198],{"class":50},[44,122570,2564],{"class":54},[44,122572,75],{"class":62},[44,122574,5285],{"class":66},[44,122576,63],{"class":62},[44,122578,2958],{"class":54},[44,122580,49141],{"class":2248},[44,122582,120],{"class":58},[44,122584,88],{"class":116},[44,122586,144],{"class":58},[44,122588,2958],{"class":54},[44,122590,75],{"class":62},[44,122592,122593],{"class":66}," years old.",[44,122595,3865],{"class":62},[44,122597,122598,122600,122602,122604],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,122599,136],{"class":135},[44,122601,120],{"class":58},[44,122603,90266],{"class":116},[44,122605,129],{"class":58},[20,122607,122608],{},[590,122609,2576],{},[35,122611,122613],{"className":37,"code":122612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122614,122615],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122616,122617,122620,122622,122624,122627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122618,122619],{"class":50},"Maya ",[44,122621,12666],{"class":54},[44,122623,96],{"class":95},[44,122625,122626],{"class":50}," years old",[44,122628,122629],{"class":58},".\n",[20,122631,122632,122633,113],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[625,122634,89935],{"href":89934},[30,122636,122638,967,122640],{"id":122637},"str-vs-print",[15,122639,47920],{},[15,122641,46688],{},[20,122643,122644],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[252,122646,122647,122652],{},[255,122648,122649,122651],{},[15,122650,47920],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[255,122653,122654,122656],{},[15,122655,46688],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122658,269],{},[35,122660,122662],{"className":37,"code":122661,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122663,122664,122672,122676,122690,122700,122714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122665,122666,122668,122670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122667,1244],{"class":50},[44,122669,55],{"class":54},[44,122671,3273],{"class":95},[44,122673,122674],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122675,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,122677,122678,122680,122682,122684,122686,122688],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,122679,34915],{"class":50},[44,122681,55],{"class":54},[44,122683,49141],{"class":2248},[44,122685,120],{"class":58},[44,122687,1282],{"class":116},[44,122689,129],{"class":58},[44,122691,122692,122694,122696,122698],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,122693,136],{"class":135},[44,122695,120],{"class":58},[44,122697,34936],{"class":116},[44,122699,129],{"class":58},[44,122701,122702,122704,122706,122708,122710,122712],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,122703,136],{"class":135},[44,122705,120],{"class":58},[44,122707,2249],{"class":2248},[44,122709,120],{"class":58},[44,122711,34936],{"class":116},[44,122713,2239],{"class":58},[44,122715,122716,122718,122720,122722,122724,122726],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,122717,136],{"class":135},[44,122719,120],{"class":58},[44,122721,2249],{"class":2248},[44,122723,120],{"class":58},[44,122725,1282],{"class":116},[44,122727,2239],{"class":58},[20,122729,122730],{},[590,122731,2576],{},[35,122733,122735],{"className":37,"code":122734,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122736,122737,122741,122755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122738,122739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122740,46848],{"class":95},[44,122742,122743,122745,122747,122749,122751,122753],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122744,3797],{"class":54},[44,122746,3800],{"class":2570},[44,122748,2232],{"class":62},[44,122750,3950],{"class":66},[44,122752,2197],{"class":62},[44,122754,3809],{"class":54},[44,122756,122757,122759,122761,122763,122765,122767],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,122758,3797],{"class":54},[44,122760,3800],{"class":2570},[44,122762,2232],{"class":62},[44,122764,2694],{"class":66},[44,122766,2197],{"class":62},[44,122768,3809],{"class":54},[20,122770,122771],{},"Notice:",[252,122773,122774,122780,122785],{},[255,122775,122776,122779],{},[15,122777,122778],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[255,122781,122782,122784],{},[15,122783,46688],{}," only displayed values",[255,122786,122787,122789,122790,122792,122793,61542,122795],{},[15,122788,46688],{}," did not change ",[15,122791,1282],{}," from ",[15,122794,2694],{},[15,122796,3950],{},[20,122798,122799,122800,113],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[625,122801,122802,2807],{"href":46685},[15,122803,46688],{},[30,122805,122807,967,122809,122812],{"id":122806},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122808,47920],{},[15,122810,122811],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122814,122815],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[252,122817,122818,122823],{},[255,122819,122820,122822],{},[15,122821,47920],{}," is the more readable text version",[255,122824,122825,122827],{},[15,122826,122811],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122829,122830,122831,122833],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122832,47920],{}," much more often.",[20,122835,122836,122837,122839],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122838,47920],{}," is usually the right choice.",[30,122841,1526],{"id":1525},[981,122843,1535,122845,122847],{"id":122844},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122846,47920],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122849,122850,122852],{},[15,122851,47920],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[35,122854,122856],{"className":37,"code":122855,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122857,122858,122866,122880,122884,122894,122908,122918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122859,122860,122862,122864],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122861,1036],{"class":50},[44,122863,55],{"class":54},[44,122865,45461],{"class":95},[44,122867,122868,122870,122872,122874,122876,122878],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122869,34915],{"class":50},[44,122871,55],{"class":54},[44,122873,49141],{"class":2248},[44,122875,120],{"class":58},[44,122877,88],{"class":116},[44,122879,129],{"class":58},[44,122881,122882],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,122883,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,122885,122886,122888,122890,122892],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,122887,136],{"class":135},[44,122889,120],{"class":58},[44,122891,88],{"class":116},[44,122893,129],{"class":58},[44,122895,122896,122898,122900,122902,122904,122906],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,122897,136],{"class":135},[44,122899,120],{"class":58},[44,122901,2249],{"class":2248},[44,122903,120],{"class":58},[44,122905,88],{"class":116},[44,122907,2239],{"class":58},[44,122909,122910,122912,122914,122916],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,122911,136],{"class":135},[44,122913,120],{"class":58},[44,122915,34936],{"class":116},[44,122917,129],{"class":58},[44,122919,122920,122922,122924,122926,122928,122930],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,122921,136],{"class":135},[44,122923,120],{"class":58},[44,122925,2249],{"class":2248},[44,122927,120],{"class":58},[44,122929,34936],{"class":116},[44,122931,2239],{"class":58},[20,122933,122934],{},[590,122935,2576],{},[35,122937,122939],{"className":37,"code":122938,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122940,122941,122945,122959,122963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122942,122943],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122944,3213],{"class":95},[44,122946,122947,122949,122951,122953,122955,122957],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122948,3797],{"class":54},[44,122950,3800],{"class":2570},[44,122952,2232],{"class":62},[44,122954,2694],{"class":66},[44,122956,2197],{"class":62},[44,122958,3809],{"class":54},[44,122960,122961],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,122962,3213],{"class":95},[44,122964,122965,122967,122969,122971,122973,122975],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,122966,3797],{"class":54},[44,122968,3800],{"class":2570},[44,122970,2232],{"class":62},[44,122972,3950],{"class":66},[44,122974,2197],{"class":62},[44,122976,3809],{"class":54},[981,122978,122980],{"id":122979},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122982,7185],{},[35,122984,122986],{"className":37,"code":122985,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122987,122988,122996],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122989,122990,122992,122994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122991,1036],{"class":50},[44,122993,55],{"class":54},[44,122995,45461],{"class":95},[44,122997,122998,123000,123002,123004,123006,123008],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122999,34915],{"class":50},[44,123001,55],{"class":54},[44,123003,49141],{"class":2248},[44,123005,120],{"class":58},[44,123007,88],{"class":116},[44,123009,129],{"class":58},[20,123011,123012],{},"But if you only do this:",[35,123014,123016],{"className":37,"code":123015,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,123017,123018,123026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123019,123020,123022,123024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123021,1036],{"class":50},[44,123023,55],{"class":54},[44,123025,45461],{"class":95},[44,123027,123028,123030,123032,123034],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123029,3950],{"class":2248},[44,123031,120],{"class":58},[44,123033,88],{"class":116},[44,123035,129],{"class":58},[20,123037,123038],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[981,123040,1785,123042,123044],{"id":123041},"using-str-too-early",[15,123043,47920],{}," too early",[20,123046,123047],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[35,123049,123051],{"className":37,"code":123050,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,123052,123053,123061,123076,123080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123054,123055,123057,123059],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123056,40620],{"class":50},[44,123058,55],{"class":54},[44,123060,3091],{"class":95},[44,123062,123063,123066,123068,123070,123072,123074],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123064,123065],{"class":50},"text_price ",[44,123067,55],{"class":54},[44,123069,49141],{"class":2248},[44,123071,120],{"class":58},[44,123073,825],{"class":116},[44,123075,129],{"class":58},[44,123077,123078],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,123079,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,123081,123082],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,123083,123084],{"class":147},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,123086,123087,123088,3384,123092,123096],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[625,123089,123090],{"href":3380},[15,123091,3383],{},[625,123093,123094],{"href":3387},[15,123095,3390],{},", depending on the situation.",[981,123098,1904,123100,123103],{"id":123099},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,123101,123102],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,123105,64885],{},[35,123107,123109],{"className":37,"code":123108,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,123110,123111,123143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123112,123113,123115,123117,123119,123121,123123,123125,123127,123129,123131,123133,123135,123137,123139,123141],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123114,8276],{"class":50},[44,123116,55],{"class":54},[44,123118,1556],{"class":58},[44,123120,63],{"class":62},[44,123122,4582],{"class":66},[44,123124,63],{"class":62},[44,123126,83],{"class":58},[44,123128,75],{"class":62},[44,123130,4591],{"class":66},[44,123132,63],{"class":62},[44,123134,83],{"class":58},[44,123136,75],{"class":62},[44,123138,33447],{"class":66},[44,123140,63],{"class":62},[44,123142,1153],{"class":58},[44,123144,123145,123147,123149,123151,123153,123155],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123146,136],{"class":135},[44,123148,120],{"class":58},[44,123150,3950],{"class":2248},[44,123152,120],{"class":58},[44,123154,8305],{"class":116},[44,123156,2239],{"class":58},[20,123158,123159],{},"prints:",[35,123161,123162],{"className":37,"code":73078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123163,123164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123165,123166,123168,123170,123172,123174,123176,123178,123180,123182,123184,123186,123188,123190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123167,896],{"class":58},[44,123169,2197],{"class":62},[44,123171,4582],{"class":66},[44,123173,2197],{"class":62},[44,123175,83],{"class":58},[44,123177,2232],{"class":62},[44,123179,4591],{"class":66},[44,123181,2197],{"class":62},[44,123183,83],{"class":58},[44,123185,2232],{"class":62},[44,123187,33447],{"class":66},[44,123189,2197],{"class":62},[44,123191,1153],{"class":58},[20,123193,123194],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[30,123196,583],{"id":582},[20,123198,123199,22413,123201,113],{},[15,123200,47920],{},[590,123202,123203],{},"new string",[20,123205,11935],{},[252,123207,123208,123211,123214],{},[255,123209,123210],{},"It always returns a string",[255,123212,123213],{},"It does not modify the original object",[255,123215,8259,123216,123220],{},[625,123217,123218],{"href":2803},[15,123219,2806],{}," to confirm the result",[20,123222,269],{},[35,123224,123226],{"className":37,"code":123225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123227,123228,123236,123251,123255,123266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123229,123230,123232,123234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123231,1244],{"class":50},[44,123233,55],{"class":54},[44,123235,14589],{"class":95},[44,123237,123238,123241,123243,123245,123247,123249],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123239,123240],{"class":50},"converted ",[44,123242,55],{"class":54},[44,123244,49141],{"class":2248},[44,123246,120],{"class":58},[44,123248,1282],{"class":116},[44,123250,129],{"class":58},[44,123252,123253],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,123254,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,123256,123257,123259,123261,123264],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,123258,136],{"class":135},[44,123260,120],{"class":58},[44,123262,123263],{"class":116},"converted",[44,123265,129],{"class":58},[44,123267,123268,123270,123272,123274,123276,123278],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,123269,136],{"class":135},[44,123271,120],{"class":58},[44,123273,2249],{"class":2248},[44,123275,120],{"class":58},[44,123277,123263],{"class":116},[44,123279,2239],{"class":58},[20,123281,123282],{},[590,123283,2576],{},[35,123285,123287],{"className":37,"code":123286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123288,123289,123294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123290,123291],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123292,123293],{"class":95},"99\n",[44,123295,123296,123298,123300,123302,123304,123306],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123297,3797],{"class":54},[44,123299,3800],{"class":2570},[44,123301,2232],{"class":62},[44,123303,3950],{"class":66},[44,123305,2197],{"class":62},[44,123307,3809],{"class":54},[30,123309,113969],{"id":113968},[20,123311,123312,123313,75057],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123314,47920],{},[252,123316,123317,123320,123323,123328],{},[255,123318,123319],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[255,123321,123322],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[255,123324,1785,123325,123327],{},[15,123326,47920],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[255,123329,123330],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123332,123333,123334,113],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[625,123335,26116,123336],{"href":90647},[15,123337,90648],{},[30,123339,123341],{"id":123340},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123343,123344],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[35,123346,123348],{"className":37,"code":123347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123349,123350,123358,123362,123372,123386,123390,123404,123414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123351,123352,123354,123356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123353,1244],{"class":50},[44,123355,55],{"class":54},[44,123357,45461],{"class":95},[44,123359,123360],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123361,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,123363,123364,123366,123368,123370],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,123365,136],{"class":135},[44,123367,120],{"class":58},[44,123369,1282],{"class":116},[44,123371,129],{"class":58},[44,123373,123374,123376,123378,123380,123382,123384],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,123375,136],{"class":135},[44,123377,120],{"class":58},[44,123379,2249],{"class":2248},[44,123381,120],{"class":58},[44,123383,1282],{"class":116},[44,123385,2239],{"class":58},[44,123387,123388],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,123389,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,123391,123392,123394,123396,123398,123400,123402],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,123393,123240],{"class":50},[44,123395,55],{"class":54},[44,123397,49141],{"class":2248},[44,123399,120],{"class":58},[44,123401,1282],{"class":116},[44,123403,129],{"class":58},[44,123405,123406,123408,123410,123412],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,123407,136],{"class":135},[44,123409,120],{"class":58},[44,123411,123263],{"class":116},[44,123413,129],{"class":58},[44,123415,123416,123418,123420,123422,123424,123426],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,123417,136],{"class":135},[44,123419,120],{"class":58},[44,123421,2249],{"class":2248},[44,123423,120],{"class":58},[44,123425,123263],{"class":116},[44,123427,2239],{"class":58},[20,123429,123430,123431,2695,123433,123435,123436,113],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123432,2694],{},[15,123434,2698],{},", or another type into ",[15,123437,3950],{},[30,123439,2301],{"id":2300},[981,123441,5643,123443,5646],{"id":123442},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123444,47920],{},[20,123446,123447],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[981,123449,2329,123451,123453],{"id":123450},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123452,47920],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123455,123456],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[981,123458,5671,123460,123462],{"id":123459},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123461,47920],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123464,123465],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[981,123467,94833,123469,123471],{"id":123468},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123470,47920],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123473,123474],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[981,123476,15359,123478,57445,123480,2363],{"id":123477},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123479,47920],{},[15,123481,46688],{},[20,123483,46601,123484,123486,123487,123489],{},[15,123485,47920],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123488,46688],{}," shows output.",[30,123491,2375],{"id":2374},[252,123493,123494,123500,123506,123512,123518,123527,123531],{},[255,123495,123496],{},[625,123497,123498,4016],{"href":46685},[15,123499,46688],{},[255,123501,123502],{},[625,123503,123504,4016],{"href":2803},[15,123505,2806],{},[255,123507,123508],{},[625,123509,123510,4016],{"href":3380},[15,123511,3383],{},[255,123513,123514],{},[625,123515,123516,4016],{"href":3387},[15,123517,3390],{},[255,123519,123520],{},[625,123521,123523,123524,123526],{"href":123522},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123525,2694],{}," to string in Python",[255,123528,123529],{},[625,123530,90925],{"href":89934},[255,123532,123533],{},[625,123534,30572,123535],{"href":90647},[15,123536,90648],{},[2414,123538,123539],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":123541},[123542,123543,123545,123546,123552,123554,123556,123558,123567,123568,123569,123570,123582],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":121960,"depth":102,"text":123544},"What str() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":122127,"depth":102,"text":122128,"children":123547},[123548,123549,123550,123551],{"id":122131,"depth":132,"text":122132},{"id":122217,"depth":132,"text":122218},{"id":122304,"depth":132,"text":122305},{"id":122390,"depth":132,"text":122391},{"id":122506,"depth":102,"text":123553},"When to use str()",{"id":122637,"depth":102,"text":123555},"str() vs print()",{"id":122806,"depth":102,"text":123557},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526,"children":123559},[123560,123562,123563,123565],{"id":122844,"depth":132,"text":123561},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122979,"depth":132,"text":122980},{"id":123041,"depth":132,"text":123564},"Using str() too early",{"id":123099,"depth":132,"text":123566},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":582,"depth":102,"text":583},{"id":113968,"depth":102,"text":113969},{"id":123340,"depth":102,"text":123341},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":123571},[123572,123574,123576,123578,123580],{"id":123442,"depth":132,"text":123573},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123450,"depth":132,"text":123575},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123459,"depth":132,"text":123577},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123468,"depth":132,"text":123579},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123477,"depth":132,"text":123581},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42410,"description":123583},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123590,"title":123591,"body":123592,"description":125045,"extension":2465,"meta":125046,"navigation":169,"path":125047,"seo":125048,"stem":125049,"__hash__":125050},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123593,"toc":125007},[123594,123600,123606,123609,123631,123633,123695,123697,123710,123716,123721,123726,123728,123741,123752,123754,123781,123783,123800,123807,123818,123820,123825,123827,123839,123847,123856,123858,123861,123914,123916,123924,123932,123936,123941,123981,123983,123991,123994,123996,124036,124038,124046,124056,124062,124065,124138,124140,124153,124157,124162,124190,124193,124228,124230,124238,124241,124245,124249,124251,124267,124269,124309,124311,124319,124328,124371,124373,124381,124383,124387,124393,124396,124436,124438,124446,124451,124454,124497,124501,124504,124539,124544,124546,124585,124595,124603,124613,124621,124625,124630,124632,124673,124675,124683,124688,124691,124694,124712,124718,124722,124727,124730,124770,124772,124777,124876,124879,124895,124897,124916,124918,124925,124928,124934,124937,124943,124947,124953,124956,124962,124965,124967,125004],[10,123595,123597,123598,18],{"id":123596},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123599,57530],{},[20,123601,123602,123603,123605],{},"The Python string ",[15,123604,57530],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123607,123608],{},"This reference page explains:",[252,123610,123611,123615,123618,123620,123628],{},[255,123612,26455,123613,246],{},[15,123614,57530],{},[255,123616,123617],{},"its syntax",[255,123619,35623],{},[255,123621,123622,123623,976,123625,123627],{},"how ",[15,123624,36302],{},[15,123626,52899],{}," work",[255,123629,123630],{},"common beginner mistakes",[30,123632,2507],{"id":2506},[35,123634,123636],{"className":37,"code":123635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123637,123638,123650,123672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123639,123640,123642,123644,123646,123648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123641,34915],{"class":50},[44,123643,55],{"class":54},[44,123645,75],{"class":62},[44,123647,4591],{"class":66},[44,123649,3865],{"class":62},[44,123651,123652,123654,123656,123658,123660,123662,123664,123666,123668,123670],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123653,136],{"class":135},[44,123655,120],{"class":58},[44,123657,34936],{"class":116},[44,123659,113],{"class":58},[44,123661,41493],{"class":116},[44,123663,120],{"class":58},[44,123665,63],{"class":62},[44,123667,625],{"class":66},[44,123669,63],{"class":62},[44,123671,2239],{"class":58},[44,123673,123674,123676,123678,123680,123682,123684,123686,123688,123691,123693],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,123675,136],{"class":135},[44,123677,120],{"class":58},[44,123679,34936],{"class":116},[44,123681,113],{"class":58},[44,123683,41493],{"class":116},[44,123685,120],{"class":58},[44,123687,63],{"class":62},[44,123689,123690],{"class":66},"na",[44,123692,63],{"class":62},[44,123694,2239],{"class":58},[20,123696,2576],{},[35,123698,123700],{"className":37,"code":123699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n2\n",[15,123701,123702,123706],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123703,123704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123705,46853],{"class":95},[44,123707,123708],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123709,17510],{"class":95},[20,123711,227,123712,123715],{},[15,123713,123714],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[30,123717,13459,123719,13462],{"id":123718},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123720,57530],{},[20,123722,123723,123725],{},[15,123724,57530],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123727,13515],{},[252,123729,123730,123733,123736,123738],{},[255,123731,123732],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[255,123734,123735],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[255,123737,43893],{},[255,123739,123740],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123742,123743,123744,123746,123747,2695,123749,123751],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123745,18548],{}," characters are in ",[15,123748,65516],{},[15,123750,57530],{}," is a simple choice.",[30,123753,392],{"id":391},[35,123755,123757],{"className":37,"code":123756,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123758,123759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123760,123761,123763,123765,123767,123769,123771,123773,123775,123777,123779],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123762,61415],{"class":50},[44,123764,113],{"class":58},[44,123766,41493],{"class":116},[44,123768,120],{"class":58},[44,123770,1282],{"class":116},[44,123772,83],{"class":58},[44,123774,36281],{"class":116},[44,123776,83],{"class":58},[44,123778,65282],{"class":116},[44,123780,129],{"class":58},[981,123782,17848],{"id":17847},[252,123784,123785,123790,123795],{},[255,123786,123787,123789],{},[15,123788,1282],{},": the text to search for",[255,123791,123792,123794],{},[15,123793,36302],{},": optional; where counting begins",[255,123796,123797,123799],{},[15,123798,52899],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123801,123802,976,123804,123806],{},[15,123803,36302],{},[15,123805,52899],{}," work like slice positions:",[252,123808,123809,123814],{},[255,123810,123811,123813],{},[15,123812,36302],{}," is included",[255,123815,123816,75983],{},[15,123817,52899],{},[30,123819,583],{"id":582},[20,123821,123822,123824],{},[15,123823,57530],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123826,2632],{},[252,123828,123829,123834],{},[255,123830,123831,123832],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123833,2567],{},[255,123835,123836,123837],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123838,2626],{},[20,123840,41139,123841,5662,123843,3384,123845,113],{},[590,123842,592],{},[15,123844,4112],{},[15,123846,4178],{},[20,123848,123849,123850,123855],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[625,123851,123853,101843],{"href":123852},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123854,4385],{}," is often a better fit.",[30,123857,11952],{"id":11951},[20,123859,123860],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[35,123862,123864],{"className":37,"code":123863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123865,123866,123878,123900,123904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123867,123868,123870,123872,123874,123876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123869,34915],{"class":50},[44,123871,55],{"class":54},[44,123873,75],{"class":62},[44,123875,4582],{"class":66},[44,123877,3865],{"class":62},[44,123879,123880,123882,123884,123886,123888,123890,123892,123894,123896,123898],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123881,1953],{"class":50},[44,123883,55],{"class":54},[44,123885,43076],{"class":50},[44,123887,113],{"class":58},[44,123889,41493],{"class":116},[44,123891,120],{"class":58},[44,123893,63],{"class":62},[44,123895,20],{"class":66},[44,123897,63],{"class":62},[44,123899,129],{"class":58},[44,123901,123902],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,123903,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,123905,123906,123908,123910,123912],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,123907,136],{"class":135},[44,123909,120],{"class":58},[44,123911,1984],{"class":116},[44,123913,129],{"class":58},[20,123915,2576],{},[35,123917,123918],{"className":37,"code":17510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123919,123920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123921,123922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123923,17510],{"class":95},[20,123925,64061,123926,123929,123930,113],{},[15,123927,123928],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123931,58073],{},[30,123933,123935],{"id":123934},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123937,123938,123940],{},[15,123939,57530],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[35,123942,123944],{"className":37,"code":123943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123945,123946,123959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123947,123948,123950,123952,123954,123957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123949,34915],{"class":50},[44,123951,55],{"class":54},[44,123953,75],{"class":62},[44,123955,123956],{"class":66},"cat dog cat bird cat",[44,123958,3865],{"class":62},[44,123960,123961,123963,123965,123967,123969,123971,123973,123975,123977,123979],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123962,136],{"class":135},[44,123964,120],{"class":58},[44,123966,34936],{"class":116},[44,123968,113],{"class":58},[44,123970,41493],{"class":116},[44,123972,120],{"class":58},[44,123974,63],{"class":62},[44,123976,37278],{"class":66},[44,123978,63],{"class":62},[44,123980,2239],{"class":58},[20,123982,2576],{},[35,123984,123985],{"className":37,"code":46853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123986,123987],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123988,123989],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123990,46853],{"class":95},[20,123992,123993],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123995,269],{},[35,123997,123999],{"className":37,"code":123998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,124000,124001,124014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124002,124003,124005,124007,124009,124012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124004,34915],{"class":50},[44,124006,55],{"class":54},[44,124008,75],{"class":62},[44,124010,124011],{"class":66},"one One one",[44,124013,3865],{"class":62},[44,124015,124016,124018,124020,124022,124024,124026,124028,124030,124032,124034],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124017,136],{"class":135},[44,124019,120],{"class":58},[44,124021,34936],{"class":116},[44,124023,113],{"class":58},[44,124025,41493],{"class":116},[44,124027,120],{"class":58},[44,124029,63],{"class":62},[44,124031,2069],{"class":66},[44,124033,63],{"class":62},[44,124035,2239],{"class":58},[20,124037,2576],{},[35,124039,124040],{"className":37,"code":17510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124041,124042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124043,124044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124045,17510],{"class":95},[20,124047,124048,124049,124052,124053,124055],{},"The uppercase ",[15,124050,124051],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,124054,57530],{}," is case-sensitive.",[30,124057,1785,124058,976,124060],{"id":65648},[15,124059,36302],{},[15,124061,52899],{},[20,124063,124064],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[35,124066,124068],{"className":37,"code":124067,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,124069,124070,124082,124108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124071,124072,124074,124076,124078,124080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124073,34915],{"class":50},[44,124075,55],{"class":54},[44,124077,75],{"class":62},[44,124079,4591],{"class":66},[44,124081,3865],{"class":62},[44,124083,124084,124086,124088,124090,124092,124094,124096,124098,124100,124102,124104,124106],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124085,136],{"class":135},[44,124087,120],{"class":58},[44,124089,34936],{"class":116},[44,124091,113],{"class":58},[44,124093,41493],{"class":116},[44,124095,120],{"class":58},[44,124097,63],{"class":62},[44,124099,625],{"class":66},[44,124101,63],{"class":62},[44,124103,83],{"class":58},[44,124105,1717],{"class":95},[44,124107,2239],{"class":58},[44,124109,124110,124112,124114,124116,124118,124120,124122,124124,124126,124128,124130,124132,124134,124136],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,124111,136],{"class":135},[44,124113,120],{"class":58},[44,124115,34936],{"class":116},[44,124117,113],{"class":58},[44,124119,41493],{"class":116},[44,124121,120],{"class":58},[44,124123,63],{"class":62},[44,124125,625],{"class":66},[44,124127,63],{"class":62},[44,124129,83],{"class":58},[44,124131,1717],{"class":95},[44,124133,83],{"class":58},[44,124135,5108],{"class":95},[44,124137,2239],{"class":58},[20,124139,2576],{},[35,124141,124143],{"className":37,"code":124142,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n1\n",[15,124144,124145,124149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124146,124147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124148,17510],{"class":95},[44,124150,124151],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124152,47153],{"class":95},[981,124154,124156],{"id":124155},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,124158,124159,124160,72],{},"In ",[15,124161,65516],{},[252,124163,124164,124172,124180],{},[255,124165,71207,124166,124168,124169],{},[15,124167,2561],{}," starts at the first ",[15,124170,124171],{},"\"n\"",[255,124173,124174,124177,124178,76281],{},[15,124175,124176],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,124179,2561],{},[255,124181,124182,124177,124185,124187,124188],{},[15,124183,124184],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,124186,2561],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,124189,2643],{},[20,124191,124192],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[35,124194,124196],{"className":37,"code":124195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,124197,124198,124210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124199,124200,124202,124204,124206,124208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124201,34915],{"class":50},[44,124203,55],{"class":54},[44,124205,75],{"class":62},[44,124207,4591],{"class":66},[44,124209,3865],{"class":62},[44,124211,124212,124214,124216,124218,124220,124222,124224,124226],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124213,136],{"class":135},[44,124215,120],{"class":58},[44,124217,34936],{"class":116},[44,124219,896],{"class":58},[44,124221,2561],{"class":95},[44,124223,72],{"class":58},[44,124225,2643],{"class":95},[44,124227,4391],{"class":58},[20,124229,2576],{},[35,124231,124232],{"className":37,"code":41702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124233,124234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124235,124236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124237,41702],{"class":50},[20,124239,124240],{},"Only that section is searched.",[30,124242,124244],{"id":124243},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,124246,124247,124055],{},[15,124248,57530],{},[20,124250,2613],{},[252,124252,124253,124261],{},[255,124254,124255,976,124257,124260],{},[15,124256,18548],{},[15,124258,124259],{},"\"A\""," are different",[255,124262,124263,976,124265,124260],{},[15,124264,64776],{},[15,124266,90660],{},[20,124268,269],{},[35,124270,124272],{"className":37,"code":124271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124273,124274,124287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124275,124276,124278,124280,124282,124285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124277,34915],{"class":50},[44,124279,55],{"class":54},[44,124281,75],{"class":62},[44,124283,124284],{"class":66},"Apple apple APPLE",[44,124286,3865],{"class":62},[44,124288,124289,124291,124293,124295,124297,124299,124301,124303,124305,124307],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124290,136],{"class":135},[44,124292,120],{"class":58},[44,124294,34936],{"class":116},[44,124296,113],{"class":58},[44,124298,41493],{"class":116},[44,124300,120],{"class":58},[44,124302,63],{"class":62},[44,124304,4582],{"class":66},[44,124306,63],{"class":62},[44,124308,2239],{"class":58},[20,124310,2576],{},[35,124312,124313],{"className":37,"code":47153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124314,124315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124316,124317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124318,47153],{"class":95},[20,124320,124321,124322,72],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[625,124323,124325],{"href":124324},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124326,124327],{},"lower()",[35,124329,124331],{"className":37,"code":124330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124332,124333,124345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124334,124335,124337,124339,124341,124343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124336,34915],{"class":50},[44,124338,55],{"class":54},[44,124340,75],{"class":62},[44,124342,124284],{"class":66},[44,124344,3865],{"class":62},[44,124346,124347,124349,124351,124353,124355,124357,124359,124361,124363,124365,124367,124369],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124348,136],{"class":135},[44,124350,120],{"class":58},[44,124352,34936],{"class":116},[44,124354,113],{"class":58},[44,124356,9135],{"class":116},[44,124358,9132],{"class":58},[44,124360,41493],{"class":116},[44,124362,120],{"class":58},[44,124364,63],{"class":62},[44,124366,4582],{"class":66},[44,124368,63],{"class":62},[44,124370,2239],{"class":58},[20,124372,2576],{},[35,124374,124375],{"className":37,"code":46853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124376,124377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124378,124379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124380,46853],{"class":95},[30,124382,3335],{"id":3334},[20,124384,23533,124385,113],{},[15,124386,57530],{},[981,124388,1904,124390,124392],{"id":124389},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124391,57530],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124394,124395],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[35,124397,124399],{"className":37,"code":124398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124400,124401,124414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124402,124403,124405,124407,124409,124412],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124404,34915],{"class":50},[44,124406,55],{"class":54},[44,124408,75],{"class":62},[44,124410,124411],{"class":66},"Aardvark",[44,124413,3865],{"class":62},[44,124415,124416,124418,124420,124422,124424,124426,124428,124430,124432,124434],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124417,136],{"class":135},[44,124419,120],{"class":58},[44,124421,34936],{"class":116},[44,124423,113],{"class":58},[44,124425,41493],{"class":116},[44,124427,120],{"class":58},[44,124429,63],{"class":62},[44,124431,625],{"class":66},[44,124433,63],{"class":62},[44,124435,2239],{"class":58},[20,124437,2576],{},[35,124439,124440],{"className":37,"code":17510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124441,124442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124443,124444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124445,17510],{"class":95},[20,124447,124048,124448,124450],{},[15,124449,124259],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124452,124453],{},"If needed, convert first:",[35,124455,124457],{"className":37,"code":124456,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124458,124459,124471],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124460,124461,124463,124465,124467,124469],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124462,34915],{"class":50},[44,124464,55],{"class":54},[44,124466,75],{"class":62},[44,124468,124411],{"class":66},[44,124470,3865],{"class":62},[44,124472,124473,124475,124477,124479,124481,124483,124485,124487,124489,124491,124493,124495],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124474,136],{"class":135},[44,124476,120],{"class":58},[44,124478,34936],{"class":116},[44,124480,113],{"class":58},[44,124482,9135],{"class":116},[44,124484,9132],{"class":58},[44,124486,41493],{"class":116},[44,124488,120],{"class":58},[44,124490,63],{"class":62},[44,124492,625],{"class":66},[44,124494,63],{"class":62},[44,124496,2239],{"class":58},[981,124498,124500],{"id":124499},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124502,124503],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[35,124505,124507],{"className":37,"code":124506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124508,124509,124521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124510,124511,124513,124515,124517,124519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124512,34915],{"class":50},[44,124514,55],{"class":54},[44,124516,75],{"class":62},[44,124518,4591],{"class":66},[44,124520,3865],{"class":62},[44,124522,124523,124525,124527,124529,124531,124533,124535,124537],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124524,136],{"class":135},[44,124526,120],{"class":58},[44,124528,34936],{"class":116},[44,124530,113],{"class":58},[44,124532,41493],{"class":116},[44,124534,120],{"class":58},[44,124536,625],{"class":116},[44,124538,2239],{"class":58},[20,124540,124541,124542,113],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124543,625],{},[20,124545,11288],{},[35,124547,124549],{"className":37,"code":124548,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124550,124551,124563],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124552,124553,124555,124557,124559,124561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124554,34915],{"class":50},[44,124556,55],{"class":54},[44,124558,75],{"class":62},[44,124560,4591],{"class":66},[44,124562,3865],{"class":62},[44,124564,124565,124567,124569,124571,124573,124575,124577,124579,124581,124583],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124566,136],{"class":135},[44,124568,120],{"class":58},[44,124570,34936],{"class":116},[44,124572,113],{"class":58},[44,124574,41493],{"class":116},[44,124576,120],{"class":58},[44,124578,63],{"class":62},[44,124580,625],{"class":66},[44,124582,63],{"class":62},[44,124584,2239],{"class":58},[981,124586,37435,124588,9200,124590,3384,124593],{"id":124587},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124589,57530],{},[15,124591,124592],{},"find()",[15,124594,59208],{},[20,124596,227,124597,124599,124600,113],{},[15,124598,57530],{}," when you need the ",[590,124601,124602],{},"number of matches",[20,124604,227,124605,124599,124610,124612],{},[625,124606,124608],{"href":124607},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124609,124592],{},[590,124611,65188],{}," of the first match.",[20,124614,227,124615,124620],{},[625,124616,124618],{"href":124617},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124619,59208],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[981,124622,124624],{"id":124623},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124626,124627,124629],{},[15,124628,57530],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124631,269],{},[35,124633,124635],{"className":37,"code":124634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124636,124637,124650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124638,124639,124641,124643,124645,124648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124640,34915],{"class":50},[44,124642,55],{"class":54},[44,124644,75],{"class":62},[44,124646,124647],{"class":66},"aaaa",[44,124649,3865],{"class":62},[44,124651,124652,124654,124656,124658,124660,124662,124664,124666,124669,124671],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124653,136],{"class":135},[44,124655,120],{"class":58},[44,124657,34936],{"class":116},[44,124659,113],{"class":58},[44,124661,41493],{"class":116},[44,124663,120],{"class":58},[44,124665,63],{"class":62},[44,124667,124668],{"class":66},"aa",[44,124670,63],{"class":62},[44,124672,2239],{"class":58},[20,124674,2576],{},[35,124676,124677],{"className":37,"code":17510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124678,124679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124680,124681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124682,17510],{"class":95},[20,124684,124685,124686,113],{},"It does not return ",[15,124687,2567],{},[20,124689,124690],{},"Why not?",[20,124692,124693],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[252,124695,124696,124705],{},[255,124697,124698,124701,124702],{},[15,124699,124700],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124703,124704],{},"0-1",[255,124706,124707,124701,124709],{},[15,124708,124700],{},[15,124710,124711],{},"2-3",[20,124713,124714,124715,113],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124716,124717],{},"1-2",[30,124719,769,124720],{"id":58613},[15,124721,57530],{},[20,124723,227,124724,124726],{},[15,124725,57530],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124728,124729],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[252,124731,124732,124741,124751,124761],{},[255,124733,227,124734,124736,124737,124740],{},[15,124735,57530],{}," when you need ",[590,124738,124739],{},"how many times"," something appears",[255,124742,227,124743,124736,124747,124750],{},[625,124744,124745],{"href":124607},[15,124746,124592],{},[590,124748,124749],{},"where"," it appears",[255,124752,48047,124753,124757,124758],{},[625,124754,124755,101843],{"href":123852},[15,124756,4385],{}," when you only need to know ",[590,124759,124760],{},"if it exists",[255,124762,227,124763,124769],{},[625,124764,124766],{"href":124765},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124767,124768],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[30,124771,26378],{"id":26377},[20,124773,2154,124774,124776],{},[15,124775,57530],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[35,124778,124780],{"className":37,"code":124779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124781,124782,124792,124806,124828,124854],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124783,124784,124786,124788,124790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124785,136],{"class":135},[44,124787,120],{"class":58},[44,124789,34936],{"class":116},[44,124791,129],{"class":58},[44,124793,124794,124796,124798,124800,124802,124804],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124795,136],{"class":135},[44,124797,120],{"class":58},[44,124799,2249],{"class":2248},[44,124801,120],{"class":58},[44,124803,34936],{"class":116},[44,124805,2239],{"class":58},[44,124807,124808,124810,124812,124814,124816,124818,124820,124822,124824,124826],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,124809,136],{"class":135},[44,124811,120],{"class":58},[44,124813,34936],{"class":116},[44,124815,113],{"class":58},[44,124817,41493],{"class":116},[44,124819,120],{"class":58},[44,124821,63],{"class":62},[44,124823,625],{"class":66},[44,124825,63],{"class":62},[44,124827,2239],{"class":58},[44,124829,124830,124832,124834,124836,124838,124840,124842,124844,124846,124848,124850,124852],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,124831,136],{"class":135},[44,124833,120],{"class":58},[44,124835,34936],{"class":116},[44,124837,113],{"class":58},[44,124839,9135],{"class":116},[44,124841,9132],{"class":58},[44,124843,41493],{"class":116},[44,124845,120],{"class":58},[44,124847,63],{"class":62},[44,124849,625],{"class":66},[44,124851,63],{"class":62},[44,124853,2239],{"class":58},[44,124855,124856,124858,124860,124862,124864,124866,124868,124870,124872,124874],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,124857,136],{"class":135},[44,124859,120],{"class":58},[44,124861,34936],{"class":116},[44,124863,113],{"class":58},[44,124865,41493],{"class":116},[44,124867,120],{"class":58},[44,124869,63],{"class":62},[44,124871,123690],{"class":66},[44,124873,63],{"class":62},[44,124875,2239],{"class":58},[20,124877,124878],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[252,124880,124881,124884,124889,124892],{},[255,124882,124883],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[255,124885,124886,124888],{},[15,124887,34936],{}," not being a string",[255,124890,124891],{},"counting the wrong substring",[255,124893,124894],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124896,59102],{},[252,124898,124899,124902,124905,124908],{},[255,124900,124901],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[255,124903,124904],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[255,124906,124907],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[255,124909,50729,124910,44865,124912,3384,124914,73553],{},[15,124911,57530],{},[15,124913,124592],{},[15,124915,4385],{},[30,124917,2301],{"id":2300},[981,124919,124921,124922,124924],{"id":124920},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124923,57530],{}," change the original string?",[20,124926,124927],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[981,124929,15359,124931,124933],{"id":124930},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124932,57530],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124935,124936],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[981,124938,5643,124940,124942],{"id":124939},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124941,57530],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124944,5649,124945,113],{},[15,124946,2626],{},[981,124948,5671,124950,124952],{"id":124949},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124951,57530],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124954,124955],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[981,124957,2329,124959,124961],{"id":124958},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124960,57530],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124963,124964],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[30,124966,2375],{"id":2374},[252,124968,124969,124976,124983,124990,124997],{},[255,124970,124971],{},[625,124972,124973],{"href":124607},[15,124974,124975],{},"Python string find() method",[255,124977,124978],{},[625,124979,124980],{"href":124617},[15,124981,124982],{},"Python string index() method",[255,124984,124985],{},[625,124986,124987],{"href":124324},[15,124988,124989],{},"Python string lower() method",[255,124991,124992],{},[625,124993,124994],{"href":123852},[15,124995,124996],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[255,124998,124999],{},[625,125000,125001],{"href":124765},[15,125002,125003],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2414,125005,125006],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":125008},[125009,125010,125012,125015,125016,125017,125018,125021,125022,125030,125031,125032,125044],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":123718,"depth":102,"text":125011},"What the count() method does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392,"children":125013},[125014],{"id":17847,"depth":132,"text":17848},{"id":582,"depth":102,"text":583},{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952},{"id":123934,"depth":102,"text":123935},{"id":65648,"depth":102,"text":66431,"children":125019},[125020],{"id":124155,"depth":132,"text":124156},{"id":124243,"depth":102,"text":124244},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":125023},[125024,125026,125027,125029],{"id":124389,"depth":132,"text":125025},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124499,"depth":132,"text":124500},{"id":124587,"depth":132,"text":125028},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124623,"depth":132,"text":124624},{"id":58613,"depth":102,"text":59244},{"id":26377,"depth":102,"text":26378},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":125033},[125034,125036,125038,125040,125042],{"id":124920,"depth":132,"text":125035},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124930,"depth":132,"text":125037},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124939,"depth":132,"text":125039},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124949,"depth":132,"text":125041},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124958,"depth":132,"text":125043},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123591,"description":125045},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":125052,"title":125053,"body":125054,"description":126639,"extension":2465,"meta":126640,"navigation":169,"path":126641,"seo":126642,"stem":126643,"__hash__":126644},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":125055,"toc":126612},[125056,125059,125062,125159,125168,125170,125189,125193,125196,125199,125212,125215,125244,125249,125254,125312,125314,125347,125353,125357,125360,125363,125392,125395,125422,125425,125428,125432,125435,125442,125505,125507,125525,125528,125532,125535,125538,125580,125583,125627,125630,125633,125637,125642,125645,125688,125690,125713,125716,125749,125752,125801,125811,125815,125818,125821,125850,125853,125864,125866,125925,125928,125932,125935,125938,125953,125962,125965,125999,126002,126029,126032,126039,126041,126044,126046,126049,126063,126072,126074,126101,126105,126108,126122,126125,126184,126188,126191,126218,126221,126248,126256,126259,126319,126321,126354,126358,126361,126380,126385,126434,126439,126441,126444,126503,126521,126523,126527,126535,126539,126542,126546,126552,126556,126566,126570,126573,126575,126609],[10,125057,125053],{"id":125058},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,125060,125061],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[35,125063,125065],{"className":37,"code":125064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,125066,125067,125079,125091,125100,125114,125118,125128,125138,125149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125068,125069,125071,125073,125075,125077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125070,8372],{"class":50},[44,125072,55],{"class":54},[44,125074,75],{"class":62},[44,125076,5505],{"class":66},[44,125078,3865],{"class":62},[44,125080,125081,125083,125085,125087,125089],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125082,90249],{"class":50},[44,125084,55],{"class":54},[44,125086,2232],{"class":62},[44,125088,35095],{"class":66},[44,125090,29924],{"class":62},[44,125092,125093,125096,125098],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,125094,125095],{"class":50},"empty ",[44,125097,55],{"class":54},[44,125099,8377],{"class":62},[44,125101,125102,125104,125106,125108,125110,125112],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,125103,34915],{"class":50},[44,125105,55],{"class":54},[44,125107,49141],{"class":2248},[44,125109,120],{"class":58},[44,125111,50483],{"class":95},[44,125113,129],{"class":58},[44,125115,125116],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,125117,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,125119,125120,125122,125124,125126],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,125121,136],{"class":135},[44,125123,120],{"class":58},[44,125125,67],{"class":116},[44,125127,129],{"class":58},[44,125129,125130,125132,125134,125136],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,125131,136],{"class":135},[44,125133,120],{"class":58},[44,125135,90266],{"class":116},[44,125137,129],{"class":58},[44,125139,125140,125142,125144,125147],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,125141,136],{"class":135},[44,125143,120],{"class":58},[44,125145,125146],{"class":116},"empty",[44,125148,129],{"class":58},[44,125150,125151,125153,125155,125157],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,125152,136],{"class":135},[44,125154,120],{"class":58},[44,125156,34936],{"class":116},[44,125158,129],{"class":58},[20,125160,125161,125164,125165,125167],{},[590,125162,125163],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,125166,47920],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[30,125169,15619],{"id":15618},[252,125171,125172,125175,125178,125181,125186],{},[255,125173,125174],{},"What a string is in Python",[255,125176,125177],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[255,125179,125180],{},"How to create an empty string",[255,125182,125183,125184],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,125185,47920],{},[255,125187,125188],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[30,125190,125192],{"id":125191},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,125194,125195],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,125197,125198],{},"Strings can contain:",[252,125200,125201,125204,125206,125209],{},[255,125202,125203],{},"Letters",[255,125205,56701],{},[255,125207,125208],{},"Spaces",[255,125210,125211],{},"Symbols",[20,125213,125214],{},"Examples of strings:",[35,125216,125218],{"className":37,"code":125217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,125219,125220,125228,125236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125221,125222,125224,125226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125223,63],{"class":43563},[44,125225,4349],{"class":43567},[44,125227,3865],{"class":43563},[44,125229,125230,125232,125234],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125231,63],{"class":43563},[44,125233,50483],{"class":43567},[44,125235,3865],{"class":43563},[44,125237,125238,125240,125242],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,125239,63],{"class":43563},[44,125241,89391],{"class":43567},[44,125243,3865],{"class":43563},[20,125245,21421,125246,125248],{},[15,125247,50533],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125250,125251,125252,72],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125253,2806],{},[35,125255,125257],{"className":37,"code":125256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125258,125259,125271,125280,125284,125298],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125260,125261,125263,125265,125267,125269],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125262,34915],{"class":50},[44,125264,55],{"class":54},[44,125266,75],{"class":62},[44,125268,50483],{"class":66},[44,125270,3865],{"class":62},[44,125272,125273,125275,125277],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125274,2723],{"class":50},[44,125276,55],{"class":54},[44,125278,125279],{"class":95}," 123\n",[44,125281,125282],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,125283,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,125285,125286,125288,125290,125292,125294,125296],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,125287,136],{"class":135},[44,125289,120],{"class":58},[44,125291,2249],{"class":2248},[44,125293,120],{"class":58},[44,125295,34936],{"class":116},[44,125297,2239],{"class":58},[44,125299,125300,125302,125304,125306,125308,125310],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,125301,136],{"class":135},[44,125303,120],{"class":58},[44,125305,2249],{"class":2248},[44,125307,120],{"class":58},[44,125309,2744],{"class":116},[44,125311,2239],{"class":58},[20,125313,2576],{},[35,125315,125317],{"className":37,"code":125316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125318,125319,125333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125320,125321,125323,125325,125327,125329,125331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125322,3797],{"class":54},[44,125324,3800],{"class":2570},[44,125326,2232],{"class":62},[44,125328,3950],{"class":66},[44,125330,2197],{"class":62},[44,125332,3809],{"class":54},[44,125334,125335,125337,125339,125341,125343,125345],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125336,3797],{"class":54},[44,125338,3800],{"class":2570},[44,125340,2232],{"class":62},[44,125342,2694],{"class":66},[44,125344,2197],{"class":62},[44,125346,3809],{"class":54},[20,125348,125349,125350,113],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[625,125351,125352],{"href":51213},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[30,125354,125356],{"id":125355},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125358,125359],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125361,125362],{},"You can use single quotes:",[35,125364,125366],{"className":37,"code":125365,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125367,125368,125381],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125369,125370,125373,125375,125377,125379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125371,125372],{"class":50},"greeting ",[44,125374,55],{"class":54},[44,125376,2232],{"class":62},[44,125378,4349],{"class":66},[44,125380,29924],{"class":62},[44,125382,125383,125385,125387,125390],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125384,136],{"class":135},[44,125386,120],{"class":58},[44,125388,125389],{"class":116},"greeting",[44,125391,129],{"class":58},[20,125393,125394],{},"Or double quotes:",[35,125396,125398],{"className":37,"code":125397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125399,125400,125412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125401,125402,125404,125406,125408,125410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125403,125372],{"class":50},[44,125405,55],{"class":54},[44,125407,75],{"class":62},[44,125409,4349],{"class":66},[44,125411,3865],{"class":62},[44,125413,125414,125416,125418,125420],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125415,136],{"class":135},[44,125417,120],{"class":58},[44,125419,125389],{"class":116},[44,125421,129],{"class":58},[20,125423,125424],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125426,125427],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[30,125429,125431],{"id":125430},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125433,125434],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125436,125437,125438,3384,125440,72],{},"Use either ",[15,125439,6773],{},[15,125441,4277],{},[35,125443,125445],{"className":37,"code":125444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125446,125447,125456,125465,125469,125480,125491],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125448,125449,125452,125454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125450,125451],{"class":50},"empty1 ",[44,125453,55],{"class":54},[44,125455,8377],{"class":62},[44,125457,125458,125461,125463],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125459,125460],{"class":50},"empty2 ",[44,125462,55],{"class":54},[44,125464,47732],{"class":62},[44,125466,125467],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,125468,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,125470,125471,125473,125475,125478],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,125472,136],{"class":135},[44,125474,120],{"class":58},[44,125476,125477],{"class":116},"empty1",[44,125479,129],{"class":58},[44,125481,125482,125484,125486,125489],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,125483,136],{"class":135},[44,125485,120],{"class":58},[44,125487,125488],{"class":116},"empty2",[44,125490,129],{"class":58},[44,125492,125493,125495,125497,125499,125501,125503],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,125494,136],{"class":135},[44,125496,120],{"class":58},[44,125498,2249],{"class":2248},[44,125500,120],{"class":58},[44,125502,125477],{"class":116},[44,125504,2239],{"class":58},[20,125506,2576],{},[35,125508,125509],{"className":37,"code":46006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,125510,125511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125512,125513,125515,125517,125519,125521,125523],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125514,3797],{"class":54},[44,125516,3800],{"class":2570},[44,125518,2232],{"class":62},[44,125520,3950],{"class":66},[44,125522,2197],{"class":62},[44,125524,3809],{"class":54},[20,125526,125527],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[30,125529,125531],{"id":125530},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125533,125534],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125536,125537],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[35,125539,125541],{"className":37,"code":125540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125542,125543,125554,125559,125566,125570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125544,125545,125547,125549,125552],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125546,90249],{"class":50},[44,125548,55],{"class":54},[44,125550,125551],{"class":62}," \"\"\"",[44,125553,89191],{"class":66},[44,125555,125556],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125557,125558],{"class":66},"Welcome to Python\n",[44,125560,125561,125564],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,125562,125563],{"class":66},"Have a nice day",[44,125565,43571],{"class":62},[44,125567,125568],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,125569,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,125571,125572,125574,125576,125578],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,125573,136],{"class":135},[44,125575,120],{"class":58},[44,125577,90266],{"class":116},[44,125579,129],{"class":58},[20,125581,125582],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[35,125584,125586],{"className":37,"code":125585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125587,125588,125600,125605,125613,125617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125589,125590,125592,125594,125597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125591,90249],{"class":50},[44,125593,55],{"class":54},[44,125595,125596],{"class":62}," '''",[44,125598,125599],{"class":66},"Line 1\n",[44,125601,125602],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125603,125604],{"class":66},"Line 2\n",[44,125606,125607,125610],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,125608,125609],{"class":66},"Line 3",[44,125611,125612],{"class":62},"'''\n",[44,125614,125615],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,125616,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,125618,125619,125621,125623,125625],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,125620,136],{"class":135},[44,125622,120],{"class":58},[44,125624,90266],{"class":116},[44,125626,129],{"class":58},[20,125628,125629],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125631,125632],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[30,125634,125636],{"id":125635},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125638,2482,125639,125641],{},[15,125640,47920],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125643,125644],{},"Example with a number:",[35,125646,125648],{"className":37,"code":125647,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125649,125650,125664,125674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125651,125652,125654,125656,125658,125660,125662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125653,34915],{"class":50},[44,125655,55],{"class":54},[44,125657,49141],{"class":2248},[44,125659,120],{"class":58},[44,125661,46762],{"class":95},[44,125663,129],{"class":58},[44,125665,125666,125668,125670,125672],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125667,136],{"class":135},[44,125669,120],{"class":58},[44,125671,34936],{"class":116},[44,125673,129],{"class":58},[44,125675,125676,125678,125680,125682,125684,125686],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,125677,136],{"class":135},[44,125679,120],{"class":58},[44,125681,2249],{"class":2248},[44,125683,120],{"class":58},[44,125685,34936],{"class":116},[44,125687,2239],{"class":58},[20,125689,2576],{},[35,125691,125693],{"className":37,"code":125692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125694,125695,125699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125696,125697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125698,46848],{"class":95},[44,125700,125701,125703,125705,125707,125709,125711],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125702,3797],{"class":54},[44,125704,3800],{"class":2570},[44,125706,2232],{"class":62},[44,125708,3950],{"class":66},[44,125710,2197],{"class":62},[44,125712,3809],{"class":54},[20,125714,125715],{},"You can also convert other values:",[35,125717,125719],{"className":37,"code":125718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125720,125721,125735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125722,125723,125725,125727,125729,125731,125733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125724,136],{"class":135},[44,125726,120],{"class":58},[44,125728,3950],{"class":2248},[44,125730,120],{"class":58},[44,125732,4112],{"class":1266},[44,125734,2239],{"class":58},[44,125736,125737,125739,125741,125743,125745,125747],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125738,136],{"class":135},[44,125740,120],{"class":58},[44,125742,3950],{"class":2248},[44,125744,120],{"class":58},[44,125746,40376],{"class":95},[44,125748,2239],{"class":58},[20,125750,125751],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[35,125753,125755],{"className":37,"code":125754,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125756,125757,125765,125787,125791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125758,125759,125761,125763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125760,1036],{"class":50},[44,125762,55],{"class":54},[44,125764,45461],{"class":95},[44,125766,125767,125769,125771,125773,125775,125777,125779,125781,125783,125785],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125768,90249],{"class":50},[44,125770,55],{"class":54},[44,125772,75],{"class":62},[44,125774,89667],{"class":66},[44,125776,63],{"class":62},[44,125778,2958],{"class":54},[44,125780,49141],{"class":2248},[44,125782,120],{"class":58},[44,125784,88],{"class":116},[44,125786,129],{"class":58},[44,125788,125789],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,125790,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,125792,125793,125795,125797,125799],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,125794,136],{"class":135},[44,125796,120],{"class":58},[44,125798,90266],{"class":116},[44,125800,129],{"class":58},[20,125802,125803,125804,3384,125808,113],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[625,125805,4083,125806,4016],{"href":42409},[15,125807,47920],{},[625,125809,125810],{"href":123522},"how to convert int to string in Python",[30,125812,125814],{"id":125813},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125816,125817],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125819,125820],{},"Both of these are valid:",[35,125822,125824],{"className":37,"code":125823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125825,125826,125838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125827,125828,125830,125832,125834,125836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125829,3058],{"class":50},[44,125831,55],{"class":54},[44,125833,2232],{"class":62},[44,125835,7793],{"class":66},[44,125837,29924],{"class":62},[44,125839,125840,125842,125844,125846,125848],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125841,3086],{"class":50},[44,125843,55],{"class":54},[44,125845,75],{"class":62},[44,125847,7793],{"class":66},[44,125849,3865],{"class":62},[20,125851,125852],{},"A common rule is:",[252,125854,125855,125858,125861],{},[255,125856,125857],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[255,125859,125860],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[255,125862,125863],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125865,269],{},[35,125867,125869],{"className":37,"code":125868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125870,125871,125885,125899,125903,125914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125872,125873,125876,125878,125880,125883],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125874,125875],{"class":50},"text1 ",[44,125877,55],{"class":54},[44,125879,75],{"class":62},[44,125881,125882],{"class":66},"It's working",[44,125884,3865],{"class":62},[44,125886,125887,125890,125892,125894,125897],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125888,125889],{"class":50},"text2 ",[44,125891,55],{"class":54},[44,125893,2232],{"class":62},[44,125895,125896],{"class":66},"She said \"hello\"",[44,125898,29924],{"class":62},[44,125900,125901],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,125902,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,125904,125905,125907,125909,125912],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,125906,136],{"class":135},[44,125908,120],{"class":58},[44,125910,125911],{"class":116},"text1",[44,125913,129],{"class":58},[44,125915,125916,125918,125920,125923],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,125917,136],{"class":135},[44,125919,120],{"class":58},[44,125921,125922],{"class":116},"text2",[44,125924,129],{"class":58},[20,125926,125927],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[30,125929,125931],{"id":125930},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125933,125934],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125936,125937],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[35,125939,125941],{"className":37,"code":125940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125942,125943,125948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125944,125945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125946,125947],{"class":147},"# This will cause an error\n",[44,125949,125950],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125951,125952],{"class":147},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125954,125955,125956,35558,125958,125961],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125957,2197],{},[15,125959,125960],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125963,125964],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[35,125966,125968],{"className":37,"code":125967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125969,125970,125989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125971,125972,125974,125976,125978,125981,125984,125987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125973,34915],{"class":50},[44,125975,55],{"class":54},[44,125977,2232],{"class":62},[44,125979,125980],{"class":66},"It",[44,125982,125983],{"class":34680},"\\'",[44,125985,125986],{"class":66},"s working",[44,125988,29924],{"class":62},[44,125990,125991,125993,125995,125997],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125992,136],{"class":135},[44,125994,120],{"class":58},[44,125996,34936],{"class":116},[44,125998,129],{"class":58},[20,126000,126001],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[35,126003,126005],{"className":37,"code":126004,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126006,126007,126019],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126008,126009,126011,126013,126015,126017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126010,34915],{"class":50},[44,126012,55],{"class":54},[44,126014,75],{"class":62},[44,126016,125882],{"class":66},[44,126018,3865],{"class":62},[44,126020,126021,126023,126025,126027],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126022,136],{"class":135},[44,126024,120],{"class":58},[44,126026,34936],{"class":116},[44,126028,129],{"class":58},[20,126030,126031],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,126033,126034,126035,113],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[625,126036,126038],{"href":126037},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[30,126040,3335],{"id":3334},[20,126042,126043],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[981,126045,90456],{"id":90455},[20,126047,126048],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[35,126050,126052],{"className":37,"code":126051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,126053,126054,126058],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126055,126056],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126057,125947],{"class":147},[44,126059,126060],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126061,126062],{"class":147},"# name = Alice\n",[20,126064,126065,126066,9096,126069,126071],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,126067,126068],{},"NameError",[15,126070,5505],{}," is not defined.",[20,126073,11288],{},[35,126075,126077],{"className":37,"code":126076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,126078,126079,126091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126080,126081,126083,126085,126087,126089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126082,8372],{"class":50},[44,126084,55],{"class":54},[44,126086,75],{"class":62},[44,126088,5505],{"class":66},[44,126090,3865],{"class":62},[44,126092,126093,126095,126097,126099],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126094,136],{"class":135},[44,126096,120],{"class":58},[44,126098,67],{"class":116},[44,126100,129],{"class":58},[981,126102,126104],{"id":126103},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,126106,126107],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[35,126109,126111],{"className":37,"code":126110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,126112,126113,126117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126114,126115],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126116,125947],{"class":147},[44,126118,126119],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126120,126121],{"class":147},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,126123,126124],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[35,126126,126128],{"className":37,"code":126127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,126129,126130,126147,126160,126164,126174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126131,126132,126134,126136,126138,126140,126142,126145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126133,125875],{"class":50},[44,126135,55],{"class":54},[44,126137,2232],{"class":62},[44,126139,125980],{"class":66},[44,126141,125983],{"class":34680},[44,126143,126144],{"class":66},"s good",[44,126146,29924],{"class":62},[44,126148,126149,126151,126153,126155,126158],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126150,125889],{"class":50},[44,126152,55],{"class":54},[44,126154,75],{"class":62},[44,126156,126157],{"class":66},"It's good",[44,126159,3865],{"class":62},[44,126161,126162],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,126163,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,126165,126166,126168,126170,126172],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,126167,136],{"class":135},[44,126169,120],{"class":58},[44,126171,125911],{"class":116},[44,126173,129],{"class":58},[44,126175,126176,126178,126180,126182],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,126177,136],{"class":135},[44,126179,120],{"class":58},[44,126181,125922],{"class":116},[44,126183,129],{"class":58},[981,126185,126187],{"id":126186},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,126189,126190],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[35,126192,126194],{"className":37,"code":126193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126195,126196,126208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126197,126198,126200,126202,126204,126206],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126199,34915],{"class":50},[44,126201,55],{"class":54},[44,126203,125551],{"class":62},[44,126205,4349],{"class":66},[44,126207,43571],{"class":62},[44,126209,126210,126212,126214,126216],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126211,136],{"class":135},[44,126213,120],{"class":58},[44,126215,34936],{"class":116},[44,126217,129],{"class":58},[20,126219,126220],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[35,126222,126224],{"className":37,"code":126223,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126225,126226,126238],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126227,126228,126230,126232,126234,126236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126229,34915],{"class":50},[44,126231,55],{"class":54},[44,126233,75],{"class":62},[44,126235,4349],{"class":66},[44,126237,3865],{"class":62},[44,126239,126240,126242,126244,126246],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126241,136],{"class":135},[44,126243,120],{"class":58},[44,126245,34936],{"class":116},[44,126247,129],{"class":58},[981,126249,5082,126251,976,126253,126255],{"id":126250},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126252,50483],{},[15,126254,50533],{}," are the same type",[20,126257,126258],{},"They are different:",[35,126260,126262],{"className":37,"code":126261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126263,126264,126273,126286,126290,126304],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126265,126266,126269,126271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126267,126268],{"class":50},"value1 ",[44,126270,55],{"class":54},[44,126272,125279],{"class":95},[44,126274,126275,126278,126280,126282,126284],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126276,126277],{"class":50},"value2 ",[44,126279,55],{"class":54},[44,126281,75],{"class":62},[44,126283,50483],{"class":66},[44,126285,3865],{"class":62},[44,126287,126288],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,126289,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,126291,126292,126294,126296,126298,126300,126302],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,126293,136],{"class":135},[44,126295,120],{"class":58},[44,126297,2249],{"class":2248},[44,126299,120],{"class":58},[44,126301,85012],{"class":116},[44,126303,2239],{"class":58},[44,126305,126306,126308,126310,126312,126314,126317],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,126307,136],{"class":135},[44,126309,120],{"class":58},[44,126311,2249],{"class":2248},[44,126313,120],{"class":58},[44,126315,126316],{"class":116},"value2",[44,126318,2239],{"class":58},[20,126320,2576],{},[35,126322,126324],{"className":37,"code":126323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126325,126326,126340],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126327,126328,126330,126332,126334,126336,126338],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126329,3797],{"class":54},[44,126331,3800],{"class":2570},[44,126333,2232],{"class":62},[44,126335,2694],{"class":66},[44,126337,2197],{"class":62},[44,126339,3809],{"class":54},[44,126341,126342,126344,126346,126348,126350,126352],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126343,3797],{"class":54},[44,126345,3800],{"class":2570},[44,126347,2232],{"class":62},[44,126349,3950],{"class":66},[44,126351,2197],{"class":62},[44,126353,3809],{"class":54},[981,126355,126357],{"id":126356},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126359,126360],{},"This causes a type error:",[35,126362,126364],{"className":37,"code":126363,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126365,126366,126370,126375],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126367,126368],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126369,125947],{"class":147},[44,126371,126372],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126373,126374],{"class":147},"# age = 10\n",[44,126376,126377],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,126378,126379],{"class":147},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126381,126382,126383,72],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126384,47920],{},[35,126386,126388],{"className":37,"code":126387,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126389,126390,126398,126420,126424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126391,126392,126394,126396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126393,1036],{"class":50},[44,126395,55],{"class":54},[44,126397,3091],{"class":95},[44,126399,126400,126402,126404,126406,126408,126410,126412,126414,126416,126418],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126401,90249],{"class":50},[44,126403,55],{"class":54},[44,126405,75],{"class":62},[44,126407,89667],{"class":66},[44,126409,63],{"class":62},[44,126411,2958],{"class":54},[44,126413,49141],{"class":2248},[44,126415,120],{"class":58},[44,126417,88],{"class":116},[44,126419,129],{"class":58},[44,126421,126422],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,126423,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,126425,126426,126428,126430,126432],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,126427,136],{"class":135},[44,126429,120],{"class":58},[44,126431,90266],{"class":116},[44,126433,129],{"class":58},[20,126435,126436,126437,113],{},"For this specific error, see ",[625,126438,90648],{"href":90647},[981,126440,60951],{"id":60950},[20,126442,126443],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[35,126445,126447],{"className":37,"code":126446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126448,126449,126461,126465,126475,126489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126450,126451,126453,126455,126457,126459],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126452,34915],{"class":50},[44,126454,55],{"class":54},[44,126456,75],{"class":62},[44,126458,4349],{"class":66},[44,126460,3865],{"class":62},[44,126462,126463],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126464,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,126466,126467,126469,126471,126473],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,126468,136],{"class":135},[44,126470,120],{"class":58},[44,126472,34936],{"class":116},[44,126474,129],{"class":58},[44,126476,126477,126479,126481,126483,126485,126487],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,126478,136],{"class":135},[44,126480,120],{"class":58},[44,126482,2249],{"class":2248},[44,126484,120],{"class":58},[44,126486,34936],{"class":116},[44,126488,2239],{"class":58},[44,126490,126491,126493,126495,126497,126499,126501],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,126492,136],{"class":135},[44,126494,120],{"class":58},[44,126496,42013],{"class":135},[44,126498,120],{"class":58},[44,126500,34936],{"class":116},[44,126502,2239],{"class":58},[252,126504,126505,126510,126515],{},[255,126506,126507,46514],{},[15,126508,126509],{},"print(text)",[255,126511,126512,46519],{},[15,126513,126514],{},"print(type(text))",[255,126516,126517,126520],{},[15,126518,126519],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[30,126522,2301],{"id":2300},[981,126524,126526],{"id":126525},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126528,126529,126530,3384,126533,113],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126531,126532],{},"'hello'",[15,126534,64776],{},[981,126536,126538],{"id":126537},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126540,126541],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[981,126543,126545],{"id":126544},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126547,227,126548,3384,126550,113],{},[15,126549,6773],{},[15,126551,4277],{},[981,126553,126555],{"id":126554},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126557,227,126558,126560,126561,126563,126564,113],{},[15,126559,47920],{},", like ",[15,126562,80622],{},", which returns ",[15,126565,42360],{},[981,126567,126569],{"id":126568},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126571,126572],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[30,126574,2375],{"id":2374},[252,126576,126577,126581,126587,126592,126601,126605],{},[255,126578,126579],{},[625,126580,125352],{"href":51213},[255,126582,126583],{},[625,126584,4083,126585,4016],{"href":42409},[15,126586,47920],{},[255,126588,126589],{},[625,126590,126591],{"href":123522},"How to convert int to string in Python",[255,126593,126594],{},[625,126595,126597,126598,11221],{"href":126596},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126599,126600],{},"format()",[255,126602,126603],{},[625,126604,126038],{"href":126037},[255,126606,126607],{},[625,126608,90648],{"href":90647},[2414,126610,126611],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":126613},[126614,126615,126616,126617,126618,126619,126620,126621,126622,126631,126638],{"id":15618,"depth":102,"text":15619},{"id":125191,"depth":102,"text":125192},{"id":125355,"depth":102,"text":125356},{"id":125430,"depth":102,"text":125431},{"id":125530,"depth":102,"text":125531},{"id":125635,"depth":102,"text":125636},{"id":125813,"depth":102,"text":125814},{"id":125930,"depth":102,"text":125931},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":126623},[126624,126625,126626,126627,126629,126630],{"id":90455,"depth":132,"text":90456},{"id":126103,"depth":132,"text":126104},{"id":126186,"depth":132,"text":126187},{"id":126250,"depth":132,"text":126628},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126356,"depth":132,"text":126357},{"id":60950,"depth":132,"text":60951},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":126632},[126633,126634,126635,126636,126637],{"id":126525,"depth":132,"text":126526},{"id":126537,"depth":132,"text":126538},{"id":126544,"depth":132,"text":126545},{"id":126554,"depth":132,"text":126555},{"id":126568,"depth":132,"text":126569},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":125053,"description":126639},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126646,"title":126647,"body":126648,"description":128562,"extension":2465,"meta":128563,"navigation":169,"path":128564,"seo":128565,"stem":128566,"__hash__":128567},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126649,"toc":128523},[126650,126656,126661,126669,126671,126738,126740,126752,126761,126766,126770,126787,126789,126854,126856,126868,126873,126875,126903,126924,126927,126966,126968,126976,126980,126984,126988,126996,126999,127040,127042,127050,127053,127110,127112,127120,127124,127129,127173,127175,127183,127192,127196,127201,127249,127251,127259,127265,127267,127271,127283,127288,127367,127369,127389,127393,127397,127437,127439,127447,127451,127494,127496,127504,127508,127548,127550,127558,127562,127618,127620,127628,127634,127636,127640,127650,127717,127719,127732,127739,127782,127784,127792,127796,127799,127855,127857,127865,127868,127870,127947,127949,127957,127966,127968,127972,127976,127978,128000,128003,128050,128054,128093,128095,128103,128105,128147,128154,128159,128221,128223,128235,128241,128246,128295,128297,128316,128322,128324,128343,128345,128436,128438,128444,128451,128457,128463,128468,128477,128484,128492,128494,128520],[10,126651,123597,126653,18],{"id":126652},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126654,126655],{},"endswith()",[20,126657,123602,126658,126660],{},[15,126659,126655],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126662,126663,126664,3384,126666,126668],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126665,4112],{},[15,126667,4178],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[30,126670,2507],{"id":2506},[35,126672,126674],{"className":37,"code":126673,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126675,126676,126690,126715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126677,126678,126681,126683,126685,126688],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126679,126680],{"class":50},"filename ",[44,126682,55],{"class":54},[44,126684,75],{"class":62},[44,126686,126687],{"class":66},"report.csv",[44,126689,3865],{"class":62},[44,126691,126692,126694,126696,126699,126701,126704,126706,126708,126711,126713],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126693,136],{"class":135},[44,126695,120],{"class":58},[44,126697,126698],{"class":116},"filename",[44,126700,113],{"class":58},[44,126702,126703],{"class":116},"endswith",[44,126705,120],{"class":58},[44,126707,63],{"class":62},[44,126709,126710],{"class":66},".csv",[44,126712,63],{"class":62},[44,126714,2239],{"class":58},[44,126716,126717,126719,126721,126723,126725,126727,126729,126731,126734,126736],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,126718,136],{"class":135},[44,126720,120],{"class":58},[44,126722,126698],{"class":116},[44,126724,113],{"class":58},[44,126726,126703],{"class":116},[44,126728,120],{"class":58},[44,126730,63],{"class":62},[44,126732,126733],{"class":66},".txt",[44,126735,63],{"class":62},[44,126737,2239],{"class":58},[20,126739,2576],{},[35,126741,126742],{"className":37,"code":44409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126743,126744,126748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126745,126746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126747,4482],{"class":1266},[44,126749,126750],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126751,4543],{"class":1266},[20,126753,227,126754,5870,126756,3384,126758,126760],{},[15,126755,126655],{},[15,126757,4112],{},[15,126759,4178],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[30,126762,243,126764,246],{"id":126763},"what-endswith-does",[15,126765,126655],{},[20,126767,126768,72],{},[15,126769,126655],{},[252,126771,126772,126775,126781,126784],{},[255,126773,126774],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[255,126776,11901,126777,3384,126779],{},[15,126778,4112],{},[15,126780,4178],{},[255,126782,126783],{},"Does not change the original string",[255,126785,126786],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126788,269],{},[35,126790,126792],{"className":37,"code":126791,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126793,126794,126806,126810,126832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126795,126796,126798,126800,126802,126804],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126797,34915],{"class":50},[44,126799,55],{"class":54},[44,126801,75],{"class":62},[44,126803,60647],{"class":66},[44,126805,3865],{"class":62},[44,126807,126808],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126809,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,126811,126812,126814,126816,126818,126820,126822,126824,126826,126828,126830],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,126813,136],{"class":135},[44,126815,120],{"class":58},[44,126817,34936],{"class":116},[44,126819,113],{"class":58},[44,126821,126703],{"class":116},[44,126823,120],{"class":58},[44,126825,63],{"class":62},[44,126827,60832],{"class":66},[44,126829,63],{"class":62},[44,126831,2239],{"class":58},[44,126833,126834,126836,126838,126840,126842,126844,126846,126848,126850,126852],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,126835,136],{"class":135},[44,126837,120],{"class":58},[44,126839,34936],{"class":116},[44,126841,113],{"class":58},[44,126843,126703],{"class":116},[44,126845,120],{"class":58},[44,126847,63],{"class":62},[44,126849,4349],{"class":66},[44,126851,63],{"class":62},[44,126853,2239],{"class":58},[20,126855,2576],{},[35,126857,126858],{"className":37,"code":44409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126859,126860,126864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126861,126862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126863,4482],{"class":1266},[44,126865,126866],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126867,4543],{"class":1266},[20,126869,126870,126871,113],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[625,126872,125352],{"href":51213},[30,126874,392],{"id":391},[35,126876,126878],{"className":37,"code":126877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126879,126880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126881,126882,126884,126886,126888,126890,126893,126895,126897,126899,126901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126883,61415],{"class":50},[44,126885,113],{"class":58},[44,126887,126703],{"class":116},[44,126889,120],{"class":58},[44,126891,126892],{"class":116},"suffix",[44,126894,83],{"class":58},[44,126896,36281],{"class":116},[44,126898,83],{"class":58},[44,126900,65282],{"class":116},[44,126902,129],{"class":58},[252,126904,126905,126910,126917],{},[255,126906,126907,126909],{},[15,126908,126892],{}," is required",[255,126911,126912,976,126914,126916],{},[15,126913,36302],{},[15,126915,52899],{}," are optional",[255,126918,126919,976,126921,126923],{},[15,126920,36302],{},[15,126922,52899],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126925,126926],{},"Basic example:",[35,126928,126930],{"className":37,"code":126929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126931,126932,126944],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126933,126934,126936,126938,126940,126942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126935,126680],{"class":50},[44,126937,55],{"class":54},[44,126939,75],{"class":62},[44,126941,87137],{"class":66},[44,126943,3865],{"class":62},[44,126945,126946,126948,126950,126952,126954,126956,126958,126960,126962,126964],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126947,136],{"class":135},[44,126949,120],{"class":58},[44,126951,126698],{"class":116},[44,126953,113],{"class":58},[44,126955,126703],{"class":116},[44,126957,120],{"class":58},[44,126959,63],{"class":62},[44,126961,126733],{"class":66},[44,126963,63],{"class":62},[44,126965,2239],{"class":58},[20,126967,2576],{},[35,126969,126970],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126971,126972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126973,126974],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126975,4482],{"class":1266},[30,126977,126979],{"id":126978},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[981,126981,126982],{"id":126892},[15,126983,126892],{},[20,126985,126986,30975],{},[15,126987,126892],{},[252,126989,126990,126993],{},[255,126991,126992],{},"A single string",[255,126994,126995],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126997,126998],{},"Single suffix:",[35,127000,127002],{"className":37,"code":127001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,127003,127004,127017],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127005,127006,127008,127010,127012,127015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127007,8372],{"class":50},[44,127009,55],{"class":54},[44,127011,75],{"class":62},[44,127013,127014],{"class":66},"image.png",[44,127016,3865],{"class":62},[44,127018,127019,127021,127023,127025,127027,127029,127031,127033,127036,127038],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127020,136],{"class":135},[44,127022,120],{"class":58},[44,127024,67],{"class":116},[44,127026,113],{"class":58},[44,127028,126703],{"class":116},[44,127030,120],{"class":58},[44,127032,63],{"class":62},[44,127034,127035],{"class":66},".png",[44,127037,63],{"class":62},[44,127039,2239],{"class":58},[20,127041,2576],{},[35,127043,127044],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127045,127046],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127047,127048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127049,4482],{"class":1266},[20,127051,127052],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[35,127054,127056],{"className":37,"code":127055,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127057,127058,127070],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127059,127060,127062,127064,127066,127068],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127061,8372],{"class":50},[44,127063,55],{"class":54},[44,127065,75],{"class":62},[44,127067,127014],{"class":66},[44,127069,3865],{"class":62},[44,127071,127072,127074,127076,127078,127080,127082,127084,127086,127089,127091,127093,127095,127097,127099,127101,127103,127106,127108],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127073,136],{"class":135},[44,127075,120],{"class":58},[44,127077,67],{"class":116},[44,127079,113],{"class":58},[44,127081,126703],{"class":116},[44,127083,6011],{"class":58},[44,127085,63],{"class":62},[44,127087,127088],{"class":66},".jpg",[44,127090,63],{"class":62},[44,127092,83],{"class":58},[44,127094,75],{"class":62},[44,127096,127035],{"class":66},[44,127098,63],{"class":62},[44,127100,83],{"class":58},[44,127102,75],{"class":62},[44,127104,127105],{"class":66},".gif",[44,127107,63],{"class":62},[44,127109,3418],{"class":58},[20,127111,2576],{},[35,127113,127114],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127115,127116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127117,127118],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127119,4482],{"class":1266},[981,127121,127122],{"id":36302},[15,127123,36302],{},[20,127125,127126,127128],{},[15,127127,36302],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[35,127130,127132],{"className":37,"code":127131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,127133,127134,127147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127135,127136,127138,127140,127142,127145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127137,34915],{"class":50},[44,127139,55],{"class":54},[44,127141,75],{"class":62},[44,127143,127144],{"class":66},"my_report.csv",[44,127146,3865],{"class":62},[44,127148,127149,127151,127153,127155,127157,127159,127161,127163,127165,127167,127169,127171],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127150,136],{"class":135},[44,127152,120],{"class":58},[44,127154,34936],{"class":116},[44,127156,113],{"class":58},[44,127158,126703],{"class":116},[44,127160,120],{"class":58},[44,127162,63],{"class":62},[44,127164,126710],{"class":66},[44,127166,63],{"class":62},[44,127168,83],{"class":58},[44,127170,2955],{"class":95},[44,127172,2239],{"class":58},[20,127174,2576],{},[35,127176,127177],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127178,127179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127180,127181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127182,4482],{"class":1266},[20,127184,127185,127186,127188,127189,113],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,127187,2567],{}," onward, which is ",[15,127190,127191],{},"\"report.csv\"",[981,127193,127194],{"id":52899},[15,127195,52899],{},[20,127197,127198,127200],{},[15,127199,52899],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[35,127202,127204],{"className":37,"code":127203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,127205,127206,127219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127207,127208,127210,127212,127214,127217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127209,34915],{"class":50},[44,127211,55],{"class":54},[44,127213,75],{"class":62},[44,127215,127216],{"class":66},"report.csv backup",[44,127218,3865],{"class":62},[44,127220,127221,127223,127225,127227,127229,127231,127233,127235,127237,127239,127241,127243,127245,127247],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127222,136],{"class":135},[44,127224,120],{"class":58},[44,127226,34936],{"class":116},[44,127228,113],{"class":58},[44,127230,126703],{"class":116},[44,127232,120],{"class":58},[44,127234,63],{"class":62},[44,127236,126710],{"class":66},[44,127238,63],{"class":62},[44,127240,83],{"class":58},[44,127242,561],{"class":95},[44,127244,83],{"class":58},[44,127246,632],{"class":95},[44,127248,2239],{"class":58},[20,127250,2576],{},[35,127252,127253],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127254,127255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127256,127257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127258,4482],{"class":1266},[20,127260,127261,127262,127264],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127263,127191],{}," and ignores the rest.",[30,127266,583],{"id":582},[20,127268,127269,25945],{},[15,127270,126655],{},[252,127272,127273,127278],{},[255,127274,127275,127277],{},[15,127276,4112],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[255,127279,127280,127282],{},[15,127281,4178],{}," if it does not",[20,127284,127285,127286,7669],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127287,1345],{},[35,127289,127291],{"className":37,"code":127290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127292,127293,127306,127310,127331,127346,127352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127294,127295,127297,127299,127301,127304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127296,126680],{"class":50},[44,127298,55],{"class":54},[44,127300,75],{"class":62},[44,127302,127303],{"class":66},"data.csv",[44,127305,3865],{"class":62},[44,127307,127308],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127309,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,127311,127312,127314,127317,127319,127321,127323,127325,127327,127329],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,127313,1345],{"class":1140},[44,127315,127316],{"class":50}," filename",[44,127318,113],{"class":58},[44,127320,126703],{"class":116},[44,127322,120],{"class":58},[44,127324,63],{"class":62},[44,127326,126710],{"class":66},[44,127328,63],{"class":62},[44,127330,8837],{"class":58},[44,127332,127333,127335,127337,127339,127342,127344],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,127334,1387],{"class":135},[44,127336,120],{"class":58},[44,127338,63],{"class":62},[44,127340,127341],{"class":66},"This is a CSV file.",[44,127343,63],{"class":62},[44,127345,129],{"class":58},[44,127347,127348,127350],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,127349,1398],{"class":1140},[44,127351,1359],{"class":58},[44,127353,127354,127356,127358,127360,127363,127365],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,127355,1387],{"class":135},[44,127357,120],{"class":58},[44,127359,63],{"class":62},[44,127361,127362],{"class":66},"This is not a CSV file.",[44,127364,63],{"class":62},[44,127366,129],{"class":58},[20,127368,2576],{},[35,127370,127372],{"className":37,"code":127371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127373,127374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127375,127376,127378,127380,127382,127385,127387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127377,50116],{"class":50},[44,127379,12666],{"class":54},[44,127381,44780],{"class":50},[44,127383,127384],{"class":34680},"CSV",[44,127386,86878],{"class":86877},[44,127388,122629],{"class":58},[30,127390,127392],{"id":127391},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[981,127394,127396],{"id":127395},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[35,127398,127400],{"className":37,"code":127399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127401,127402,127415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127403,127404,127406,127408,127410,127413],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127405,126680],{"class":50},[44,127407,55],{"class":54},[44,127409,75],{"class":62},[44,127411,127412],{"class":66},"sales.csv",[44,127414,3865],{"class":62},[44,127416,127417,127419,127421,127423,127425,127427,127429,127431,127433,127435],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127418,136],{"class":135},[44,127420,120],{"class":58},[44,127422,126698],{"class":116},[44,127424,113],{"class":58},[44,127426,126703],{"class":116},[44,127428,120],{"class":58},[44,127430,63],{"class":62},[44,127432,126710],{"class":66},[44,127434,63],{"class":62},[44,127436,2239],{"class":58},[20,127438,2576],{},[35,127440,127441],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127442,127443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127444,127445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127446,4482],{"class":1266},[981,127448,127450],{"id":127449},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[35,127452,127454],{"className":37,"code":127453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127455,127456,127470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127457,127458,127461,127463,127465,127468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127459,127460],{"class":50},"url ",[44,127462,55],{"class":54},[44,127464,75],{"class":62},[44,127466,127467],{"class":66},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[44,127469,3865],{"class":62},[44,127471,127472,127474,127476,127479,127481,127483,127485,127487,127490,127492],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127473,136],{"class":135},[44,127475,120],{"class":58},[44,127477,127478],{"class":116},"url",[44,127480,113],{"class":58},[44,127482,126703],{"class":116},[44,127484,120],{"class":58},[44,127486,63],{"class":62},[44,127488,127489],{"class":66},"\u002F",[44,127491,63],{"class":62},[44,127493,2239],{"class":58},[20,127495,2576],{},[35,127497,127498],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127499,127500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127501,127502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127503,4482],{"class":1266},[981,127505,127507],{"id":127506},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[35,127509,127511],{"className":37,"code":127510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127512,127513,127526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127514,127515,127517,127519,127521,127524],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127516,90249],{"class":50},[44,127518,55],{"class":54},[44,127520,75],{"class":62},[44,127522,127523],{"class":66},"Hello!",[44,127525,3865],{"class":62},[44,127527,127528,127530,127532,127534,127536,127538,127540,127542,127544,127546],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127529,136],{"class":135},[44,127531,120],{"class":58},[44,127533,90266],{"class":116},[44,127535,113],{"class":58},[44,127537,126703],{"class":116},[44,127539,120],{"class":58},[44,127541,63],{"class":62},[44,127543,90090],{"class":66},[44,127545,63],{"class":62},[44,127547,2239],{"class":58},[20,127549,2576],{},[35,127551,127552],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127553,127554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127555,127556],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127557,4482],{"class":1266},[981,127559,127561],{"id":127560},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[35,127563,127565],{"className":37,"code":127564,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127566,127567,127580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127568,127569,127571,127573,127575,127578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127570,126680],{"class":50},[44,127572,55],{"class":54},[44,127574,75],{"class":62},[44,127576,127577],{"class":66},"photo.jpg",[44,127579,3865],{"class":62},[44,127581,127582,127584,127586,127588,127590,127592,127594,127596,127598,127600,127602,127604,127606,127608,127610,127612,127614,127616],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127583,136],{"class":135},[44,127585,120],{"class":58},[44,127587,126698],{"class":116},[44,127589,113],{"class":58},[44,127591,126703],{"class":116},[44,127593,6011],{"class":58},[44,127595,63],{"class":62},[44,127597,127088],{"class":66},[44,127599,63],{"class":62},[44,127601,83],{"class":58},[44,127603,75],{"class":62},[44,127605,127035],{"class":66},[44,127607,63],{"class":62},[44,127609,83],{"class":58},[44,127611,75],{"class":62},[44,127613,127105],{"class":66},[44,127615,63],{"class":62},[44,127617,3418],{"class":58},[20,127619,2576],{},[35,127621,127622],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127623,127624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127625,127626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127627,4482],{"class":1266},[20,127629,127630,127631,113],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[625,127632,127633],{"href":123852},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[30,127635,124244],{"id":124243},[20,127637,127638,124055],{},[15,127639,126655],{},[20,127641,127642,127643,976,127646,127649],{},"That means ",[15,127644,127645],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127647,127648],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[35,127651,127653],{"className":37,"code":127652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127654,127655,127668,127672,127694],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127656,127657,127659,127661,127663,127666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127658,126680],{"class":50},[44,127660,55],{"class":54},[44,127662,75],{"class":62},[44,127664,127665],{"class":66},"REPORT.CSV",[44,127667,3865],{"class":62},[44,127669,127670],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127671,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,127673,127674,127676,127678,127680,127682,127684,127686,127688,127690,127692],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,127675,136],{"class":135},[44,127677,120],{"class":58},[44,127679,126698],{"class":116},[44,127681,113],{"class":58},[44,127683,126703],{"class":116},[44,127685,120],{"class":58},[44,127687,63],{"class":62},[44,127689,126710],{"class":66},[44,127691,63],{"class":62},[44,127693,2239],{"class":58},[44,127695,127696,127698,127700,127702,127704,127706,127708,127710,127713,127715],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,127697,136],{"class":135},[44,127699,120],{"class":58},[44,127701,126698],{"class":116},[44,127703,113],{"class":58},[44,127705,126703],{"class":116},[44,127707,120],{"class":58},[44,127709,63],{"class":62},[44,127711,127712],{"class":66},".CSV",[44,127714,63],{"class":62},[44,127716,2239],{"class":58},[20,127718,2576],{},[35,127720,127722],{"className":37,"code":127721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127723,127724,127728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127725,127726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127727,4543],{"class":1266},[44,127729,127730],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127731,4482],{"class":1266},[20,127733,127734,127735,113],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[625,127736,127737],{"href":124324},[15,127738,124327],{},[35,127740,127742],{"className":37,"code":127741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127743,127744,127756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127745,127746,127748,127750,127752,127754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127747,126680],{"class":50},[44,127749,55],{"class":54},[44,127751,75],{"class":62},[44,127753,127665],{"class":66},[44,127755,3865],{"class":62},[44,127757,127758,127760,127762,127764,127766,127768,127770,127772,127774,127776,127778,127780],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127759,136],{"class":135},[44,127761,120],{"class":58},[44,127763,126698],{"class":116},[44,127765,113],{"class":58},[44,127767,9135],{"class":116},[44,127769,9132],{"class":58},[44,127771,126703],{"class":116},[44,127773,120],{"class":58},[44,127775,63],{"class":62},[44,127777,126710],{"class":66},[44,127779,63],{"class":62},[44,127781,2239],{"class":58},[20,127783,2576],{},[35,127785,127786],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127787,127788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127789,127790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127791,4482],{"class":1266},[30,127793,127795],{"id":127794},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127797,127798],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[35,127800,127802],{"className":37,"code":127801,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127803,127804,127817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127805,127806,127808,127810,127812,127815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127807,126680],{"class":50},[44,127809,55],{"class":54},[44,127811,75],{"class":62},[44,127813,127814],{"class":66},"picture.gif",[44,127816,3865],{"class":62},[44,127818,127819,127821,127823,127825,127827,127829,127831,127833,127835,127837,127839,127841,127843,127845,127847,127849,127851,127853],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127820,136],{"class":135},[44,127822,120],{"class":58},[44,127824,126698],{"class":116},[44,127826,113],{"class":58},[44,127828,126703],{"class":116},[44,127830,6011],{"class":58},[44,127832,63],{"class":62},[44,127834,127088],{"class":66},[44,127836,63],{"class":62},[44,127838,83],{"class":58},[44,127840,75],{"class":62},[44,127842,127035],{"class":66},[44,127844,63],{"class":62},[44,127846,83],{"class":58},[44,127848,75],{"class":62},[44,127850,127105],{"class":66},[44,127852,63],{"class":62},[44,127854,3418],{"class":58},[20,127856,2576],{},[35,127858,127859],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127860,127861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127862,127863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127864,4482],{"class":1266},[20,127866,127867],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127869,52318],{},[35,127871,127873],{"className":37,"code":127872,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127874,127875,127888,127923,127927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127876,127877,127880,127882,127884,127886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127878,127879],{"class":50},"document ",[44,127881,55],{"class":54},[44,127883,75],{"class":62},[44,127885,87137],{"class":66},[44,127887,3865],{"class":62},[44,127889,127890,127893,127895,127897,127899,127901,127903,127905,127907,127910,127912,127914,127916,127919,127921],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127891,127892],{"class":50},"allowed ",[44,127894,55],{"class":54},[44,127896,9728],{"class":58},[44,127898,63],{"class":62},[44,127900,126733],{"class":66},[44,127902,63],{"class":62},[44,127904,83],{"class":58},[44,127906,75],{"class":62},[44,127908,127909],{"class":66},".md",[44,127911,63],{"class":62},[44,127913,83],{"class":58},[44,127915,75],{"class":62},[44,127917,127918],{"class":66},".docx",[44,127920,63],{"class":62},[44,127922,129],{"class":58},[44,127924,127925],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,127926,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,127928,127929,127931,127933,127936,127938,127940,127942,127945],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,127930,136],{"class":135},[44,127932,120],{"class":58},[44,127934,127935],{"class":116},"document",[44,127937,113],{"class":58},[44,127939,126703],{"class":116},[44,127941,120],{"class":58},[44,127943,127944],{"class":116},"allowed",[44,127946,2239],{"class":58},[20,127948,2576],{},[35,127950,127951],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127952,127953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127954,127955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127956,4482],{"class":1266},[20,127958,127959,127960,113],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[625,127961,126597,127963,11221],{"href":127962},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127964,127965],{},"startswith()",[30,127967,3335],{"id":3334},[20,127969,8942,127970,113],{},[15,127971,126655],{},[981,127973,127975],{"id":127974},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127977,5028],{},[35,127979,127981],{"className":37,"code":127980,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127982,127983,127995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127984,127985,127987,127989,127991,127993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127986,126680],{"class":50},[44,127988,55],{"class":54},[44,127990,75],{"class":62},[44,127992,127577],{"class":66},[44,127994,3865],{"class":62},[44,127996,127997],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127998,127999],{"class":147},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,128001,128002],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[35,128004,128006],{"className":37,"code":128005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,128007,128008,128020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128009,128010,128012,128014,128016,128018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128011,126680],{"class":50},[44,128013,55],{"class":54},[44,128015,75],{"class":62},[44,128017,127577],{"class":66},[44,128019,3865],{"class":62},[44,128021,128022,128024,128026,128028,128030,128032,128034,128036,128038,128040,128042,128044,128046,128048],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128023,136],{"class":135},[44,128025,120],{"class":58},[44,128027,126698],{"class":116},[44,128029,113],{"class":58},[44,128031,126703],{"class":116},[44,128033,6011],{"class":58},[44,128035,63],{"class":62},[44,128037,127088],{"class":66},[44,128039,63],{"class":62},[44,128041,83],{"class":58},[44,128043,75],{"class":62},[44,128045,127035],{"class":66},[44,128047,63],{"class":62},[44,128049,3418],{"class":58},[981,128051,128053],{"id":128052},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[35,128055,128057],{"className":37,"code":128056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,128058,128059,128071],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128060,128061,128063,128065,128067,128069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128062,126680],{"class":50},[44,128064,55],{"class":54},[44,128066,75],{"class":62},[44,128068,127665],{"class":66},[44,128070,3865],{"class":62},[44,128072,128073,128075,128077,128079,128081,128083,128085,128087,128089,128091],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128074,136],{"class":135},[44,128076,120],{"class":58},[44,128078,126698],{"class":116},[44,128080,113],{"class":58},[44,128082,126703],{"class":116},[44,128084,120],{"class":58},[44,128086,63],{"class":62},[44,128088,126710],{"class":66},[44,128090,63],{"class":62},[44,128092,2239],{"class":58},[20,128094,2576],{},[35,128096,128097],{"className":37,"code":4543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,128098,128099],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128100,128101],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128102,4543],{"class":1266},[20,128104,39494],{},[35,128106,128107],{"className":37,"code":127741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,128108,128109,128121],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128110,128111,128113,128115,128117,128119],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128112,126680],{"class":50},[44,128114,55],{"class":54},[44,128116,75],{"class":62},[44,128118,127665],{"class":66},[44,128120,3865],{"class":62},[44,128122,128123,128125,128127,128129,128131,128133,128135,128137,128139,128141,128143,128145],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128124,136],{"class":135},[44,128126,120],{"class":58},[44,128128,126698],{"class":116},[44,128130,113],{"class":58},[44,128132,9135],{"class":116},[44,128134,9132],{"class":58},[44,128136,126703],{"class":116},[44,128138,120],{"class":58},[44,128140,63],{"class":62},[44,128142,126710],{"class":66},[44,128144,63],{"class":62},[44,128146,2239],{"class":58},[981,128148,37435,128150,9200,128152],{"id":128149},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,128151,126655],{},[15,128153,4385],{},[20,128155,128156,128158],{},[15,128157,126655],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[35,128160,128162],{"className":37,"code":128161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,128163,128164,128177,128181,128203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128165,128166,128168,128170,128172,128175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128167,34915],{"class":50},[44,128169,55],{"class":54},[44,128171,75],{"class":62},[44,128173,128174],{"class":66},"my_report.csv.backup",[44,128176,3865],{"class":62},[44,128178,128179],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128180,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,128182,128183,128185,128187,128189,128191,128193,128195,128197,128199,128201],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,128184,136],{"class":135},[44,128186,120],{"class":58},[44,128188,34936],{"class":116},[44,128190,113],{"class":58},[44,128192,126703],{"class":116},[44,128194,120],{"class":58},[44,128196,63],{"class":62},[44,128198,126710],{"class":66},[44,128200,63],{"class":62},[44,128202,2239],{"class":58},[44,128204,128205,128207,128209,128211,128213,128215,128217,128219],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,128206,136],{"class":135},[44,128208,120],{"class":58},[44,128210,63],{"class":62},[44,128212,126710],{"class":66},[44,128214,63],{"class":62},[44,128216,1354],{"class":1140},[44,128218,43076],{"class":116},[44,128220,129],{"class":58},[20,128222,2576],{},[35,128224,128225],{"className":37,"code":127721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,128226,128227,128231],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128228,128229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128230,4543],{"class":1266},[44,128232,128233],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128234,4482],{"class":1266},[981,128236,1904,128238,128240],{"id":128237},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128239,126655],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,128242,128243,128245],{},[15,128244,126655],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[35,128247,128249],{"className":37,"code":128248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128250,128251,128263,128285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128252,128253,128255,128257,128259,128261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128254,126680],{"class":50},[44,128256,55],{"class":54},[44,128258,75],{"class":62},[44,128260,126687],{"class":66},[44,128262,3865],{"class":62},[44,128264,128265,128267,128269,128271,128273,128275,128277,128279,128281,128283],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128266,136],{"class":135},[44,128268,120],{"class":58},[44,128270,126698],{"class":116},[44,128272,113],{"class":58},[44,128274,126703],{"class":116},[44,128276,120],{"class":58},[44,128278,63],{"class":62},[44,128280,126710],{"class":66},[44,128282,63],{"class":62},[44,128284,2239],{"class":58},[44,128286,128287,128289,128291,128293],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,128288,136],{"class":135},[44,128290,120],{"class":58},[44,128292,126698],{"class":116},[44,128294,129],{"class":58},[20,128296,2576],{},[35,128298,128300],{"className":37,"code":128299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128301,128302,128306],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128303,128304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128305,4482],{"class":1266},[44,128307,128308,128311,128313],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128309,128310],{"class":50},"report",[44,128312,113],{"class":58},[44,128314,128315],{"class":25189},"csv\n",[20,128317,128318,128319,113],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[625,128320,128321],{"href":124765},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128323,66305],{},[252,128325,128326,128329,128332,128335],{},[255,128327,128328],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[255,128330,128331],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[255,128333,128334],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[255,128336,1785,128337,44865,128339,3384,128341,111794],{},[15,128338,126655],{},[15,128340,124768],{},[15,128342,41887],{},[20,128344,30360],{},[35,128346,128348],{"className":37,"code":128347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128349,128350,128360,128374,128396,128422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128351,128352,128354,128356,128358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128353,136],{"class":135},[44,128355,120],{"class":58},[44,128357,34936],{"class":116},[44,128359,129],{"class":58},[44,128361,128362,128364,128366,128368,128370,128372],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128363,136],{"class":135},[44,128365,120],{"class":58},[44,128367,42013],{"class":135},[44,128369,120],{"class":58},[44,128371,34936],{"class":116},[44,128373,2239],{"class":58},[44,128375,128376,128378,128380,128382,128384,128386,128388,128390,128392,128394],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,128377,136],{"class":135},[44,128379,120],{"class":58},[44,128381,34936],{"class":116},[44,128383,113],{"class":58},[44,128385,126703],{"class":116},[44,128387,120],{"class":58},[44,128389,2197],{"class":62},[44,128391,126710],{"class":66},[44,128393,2197],{"class":62},[44,128395,2239],{"class":58},[44,128397,128398,128400,128402,128404,128406,128408,128410,128412,128414,128416,128418,128420],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,128399,136],{"class":135},[44,128401,120],{"class":58},[44,128403,34936],{"class":116},[44,128405,113],{"class":58},[44,128407,9135],{"class":116},[44,128409,9132],{"class":58},[44,128411,126703],{"class":116},[44,128413,120],{"class":58},[44,128415,2197],{"class":62},[44,128417,126710],{"class":66},[44,128419,2197],{"class":62},[44,128421,2239],{"class":58},[44,128423,128424,128426,128428,128430,128432,128434],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,128425,136],{"class":135},[44,128427,120],{"class":58},[44,128429,2249],{"class":2248},[44,128431,120],{"class":58},[44,128433,34936],{"class":116},[44,128435,2239],{"class":58},[30,128437,2301],{"id":2300},[981,128439,2329,128441,128443],{"id":128440},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128442,126655],{}," change the string?",[20,128445,128446,128447,3384,128449,113],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128448,4112],{},[15,128450,4178],{},[981,128452,5671,128454,128456],{"id":128453},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128455,126655],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128458,128459,128460,113],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128461,128462],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[981,128464,15359,128466,124933],{"id":128465},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128467,126655],{},[20,128469,128470,128471,3384,128473,128476],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128472,124327],{},[15,128474,128475],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[981,128478,2358,128480,976,128482,2363],{"id":128479},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128481,126655],{},[15,128483,124592],{},[20,128485,128486,128488,128489,128491],{},[15,128487,126655],{}," only checks the end of the string. 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":128524},[128525,128526,128528,128529,128534,128535,128541,128542,128543,128551,128561],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":126763,"depth":102,"text":128527},"What endswith() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":126978,"depth":102,"text":126979,"children":128530},[128531,128532,128533],{"id":126892,"depth":132,"text":126892},{"id":36302,"depth":132,"text":36302},{"id":52899,"depth":132,"text":52899},{"id":582,"depth":102,"text":583},{"id":127391,"depth":102,"text":127392,"children":128536},[128537,128538,128539,128540],{"id":127395,"depth":132,"text":127396},{"id":127449,"depth":132,"text":127450},{"id":127506,"depth":132,"text":127507},{"id":127560,"depth":132,"text":127561},{"id":124243,"depth":102,"text":124244},{"id":127794,"depth":102,"text":127795},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":128544},[128545,128546,128547,128549],{"id":127974,"depth":132,"text":127975},{"id":128052,"depth":132,"text":128053},{"id":128149,"depth":132,"text":128548},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128237,"depth":132,"text":128550},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":128552},[128553,128555,128557,128559],{"id":128440,"depth":132,"text":128554},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128453,"depth":132,"text":128556},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128465,"depth":132,"text":128558},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128479,"depth":132,"text":128560},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126647,"description":128562},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128569,"title":128570,"body":128571,"description":130239,"extension":2465,"meta":130240,"navigation":169,"path":130241,"seo":130242,"stem":130243,"__hash__":130244},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128572,"toc":130212},[128573,128578,128583,128588,128593,128686,128696,128701,128706,128721,128723,128805,128813,128815,128817,128844,128846,128862,128869,128871,128979,128981,128986,129002,129004,129099,129107,129110,129116,129121,129126,129133,129272,129275,129288,129290,129294,129301,129371,129374,129423,129430,129437,129451,129456,129461,129507,129553,129569,129571,129576,129590,129593,129715,129720,129722,129727,129760,129763,129839,129841,129850,129864,129867,129951,129954,130065,130068,130096,130098,130105,130109,130115,130118,130124,130127,130134,130145,130151,130158,130160,130209],[10,128574,123597,128576,18],{"id":128575},"python-string-find-method",[15,128577,124592],{},[20,128579,123602,128580,128582],{},[15,128581,124592],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128584,128585,128586,113],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128587,66096],{},[20,128589,227,128590,128592],{},[15,128591,124592],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[35,128594,128596],{"className":37,"code":128595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128597,128598,128610,128633,128646,128650,128673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128599,128600,128602,128604,128606,128608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128601,34915],{"class":50},[44,128603,55],{"class":54},[44,128605,75],{"class":62},[44,128607,60647],{"class":66},[44,128609,3865],{"class":62},[44,128611,128612,128614,128616,128618,128620,128623,128625,128627,128629,128631],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128613,65161],{"class":50},[44,128615,55],{"class":54},[44,128617,43076],{"class":50},[44,128619,113],{"class":58},[44,128621,128622],{"class":116},"find",[44,128624,120],{"class":58},[44,128626,63],{"class":62},[44,128628,60832],{"class":66},[44,128630,63],{"class":62},[44,128632,129],{"class":58},[44,128634,128635,128637,128639,128641,128643],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,128636,136],{"class":135},[44,128638,120],{"class":58},[44,128640,65188],{"class":116},[44,128642,144],{"class":58},[44,128644,128645],{"class":147},"   # 6\n",[44,128647,128648],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,128649,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,128651,128652,128655,128657,128659,128661,128663,128665,128667,128669,128671],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,128653,128654],{"class":50},"missing ",[44,128656,55],{"class":54},[44,128658,43076],{"class":50},[44,128660,113],{"class":58},[44,128662,128622],{"class":116},[44,128664,120],{"class":58},[44,128666,63],{"class":62},[44,128668,39],{"class":66},[44,128670,63],{"class":62},[44,128672,129],{"class":58},[44,128674,128675,128677,128679,128681,128683],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,128676,136],{"class":135},[44,128678,120],{"class":58},[44,128680,705],{"class":116},[44,128682,144],{"class":58},[44,128684,128685],{"class":147},"    # -1\n",[43815,128687,128688],{},[20,128689,227,128690,128692,128693,128695],{},[15,128691,124592],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128694,66096],{}," if the substring is not found.",[30,128697,243,128699,246],{"id":128698},"what-find-does",[15,128700,124592],{},[20,128702,128703,128705],{},[15,128704,124592],{}," is a string method that:",[252,128707,128708,128711,128714,128719],{},[255,128709,128710],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[255,128712,128713],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[255,128715,11901,128716,128718],{},[15,128717,66096],{}," if no match is found",[255,128720,126783],{},[20,128722,269],{},[35,128724,128726],{"className":37,"code":128725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128727,128728,128740,128744,128768,128792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128729,128730,128732,128734,128736,128738],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128731,34915],{"class":50},[44,128733,55],{"class":54},[44,128735,75],{"class":62},[44,128737,4591],{"class":66},[44,128739,3865],{"class":62},[44,128741,128742],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128743,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,128745,128746,128748,128750,128752,128754,128756,128758,128760,128762,128764,128766],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,128747,136],{"class":135},[44,128749,120],{"class":58},[44,128751,34936],{"class":116},[44,128753,113],{"class":58},[44,128755,128622],{"class":116},[44,128757,120],{"class":58},[44,128759,63],{"class":62},[44,128761,123690],{"class":66},[44,128763,63],{"class":62},[44,128765,532],{"class":58},[44,128767,57885],{"class":147},[44,128769,128770,128772,128774,128776,128778,128780,128782,128784,128786,128788,128790],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,128771,136],{"class":135},[44,128773,120],{"class":58},[44,128775,34936],{"class":116},[44,128777,113],{"class":58},[44,128779,128622],{"class":116},[44,128781,120],{"class":58},[44,128783,63],{"class":62},[44,128785,1696],{"class":66},[44,128787,63],{"class":62},[44,128789,532],{"class":58},[44,128791,128685],{"class":147},[44,128793,128794,128796,128798,128800,128802],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,128795,136],{"class":135},[44,128797,120],{"class":58},[44,128799,34936],{"class":116},[44,128801,144],{"class":58},[44,128803,128804],{"class":147},"              # banana\n",[20,128806,381,128807,128810,128811,113],{},[15,128808,128809],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128812,2561],{},[30,128814,392],{"id":391},[20,128816,2666],{},[35,128818,128820],{"className":37,"code":128819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128821,128822],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128823,128824,128826,128828,128830,128832,128834,128836,128838,128840,128842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128825,61415],{"class":50},[44,128827,113],{"class":58},[44,128829,128622],{"class":116},[44,128831,120],{"class":58},[44,128833,1282],{"class":116},[44,128835,83],{"class":58},[44,128837,36281],{"class":116},[44,128839,83],{"class":58},[44,128841,65282],{"class":116},[44,128843,129],{"class":58},[981,128845,17848],{"id":17847},[252,128847,128848,128852,128857],{},[255,128849,128850,123789],{},[15,128851,1282],{},[255,128853,128854,128856],{},[15,128855,36302],{},": optional starting position",[255,128858,128859,128861],{},[15,128860,52899],{},": optional ending position",[20,128863,128864,976,128866,128868],{},[15,128865,36302],{},[15,128867,52899],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128870,126926],{},[35,128872,128874],{"className":37,"code":128873,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128875,128876,128888,128892,128917,128946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128877,128878,128880,128882,128884,128886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128879,34915],{"class":50},[44,128881,55],{"class":54},[44,128883,75],{"class":62},[44,128885,60647],{"class":66},[44,128887,3865],{"class":62},[44,128889,128890],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128891,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,128893,128894,128896,128898,128900,128902,128904,128906,128908,128910,128912,128914],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,128895,136],{"class":135},[44,128897,120],{"class":58},[44,128899,34936],{"class":116},[44,128901,113],{"class":58},[44,128903,128622],{"class":116},[44,128905,120],{"class":58},[44,128907,63],{"class":62},[44,128909,60714],{"class":66},[44,128911,63],{"class":62},[44,128913,532],{"class":58},[44,128915,128916],{"class":147},"        # 4\n",[44,128918,128919,128921,128923,128925,128927,128929,128931,128933,128935,128937,128939,128941,128943],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,128920,136],{"class":135},[44,128922,120],{"class":58},[44,128924,34936],{"class":116},[44,128926,113],{"class":58},[44,128928,128622],{"class":116},[44,128930,120],{"class":58},[44,128932,63],{"class":62},[44,128934,60714],{"class":66},[44,128936,63],{"class":62},[44,128938,83],{"class":58},[44,128940,5108],{"class":95},[44,128942,532],{"class":58},[44,128944,128945],{"class":147},"     # 7\n",[44,128947,128948,128950,128952,128954,128956,128958,128960,128962,128964,128966,128968,128970,128972,128974,128976],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,128949,136],{"class":135},[44,128951,120],{"class":58},[44,128953,34936],{"class":116},[44,128955,113],{"class":58},[44,128957,128622],{"class":116},[44,128959,120],{"class":58},[44,128961,63],{"class":62},[44,128963,60714],{"class":66},[44,128965,63],{"class":62},[44,128967,83],{"class":58},[44,128969,5108],{"class":95},[44,128971,83],{"class":58},[44,128973,6495],{"class":95},[44,128975,532],{"class":58},[44,128977,128978],{"class":147},"  # -1\n",[30,128980,38252],{"id":38251},[20,128982,57784,128983,128985],{},[15,128984,124592],{}," is always an integer.",[252,128987,128988,128994,128997],{},[255,128989,128990,128991,128993],{},"A number ",[15,128992,2626],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[255,128995,128996],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[255,128998,128999,129001],{},[15,129000,66096],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,129003,269],{},[35,129005,129007],{"className":37,"code":129006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,129008,129009,129021,129025,129050,129075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129010,129011,129013,129015,129017,129019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129012,34915],{"class":50},[44,129014,55],{"class":54},[44,129016,75],{"class":62},[44,129018,39],{"class":66},[44,129020,3865],{"class":62},[44,129022,129023],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129024,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,129026,129027,129029,129031,129033,129035,129037,129039,129041,129044,129046,129048],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,129028,136],{"class":135},[44,129030,120],{"class":58},[44,129032,34936],{"class":116},[44,129034,113],{"class":58},[44,129036,128622],{"class":116},[44,129038,120],{"class":58},[44,129040,63],{"class":62},[44,129042,129043],{"class":66},"py",[44,129045,63],{"class":62},[44,129047,532],{"class":58},[44,129049,566],{"class":147},[44,129051,129052,129054,129056,129058,129060,129062,129064,129066,129069,129071,129073],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,129053,136],{"class":135},[44,129055,120],{"class":58},[44,129057,34936],{"class":116},[44,129059,113],{"class":58},[44,129061,128622],{"class":116},[44,129063,120],{"class":58},[44,129065,63],{"class":62},[44,129067,129068],{"class":66},"th",[44,129070,63],{"class":62},[44,129072,532],{"class":58},[44,129074,57885],{"class":147},[44,129076,129077,129079,129081,129083,129085,129087,129089,129091,129093,129095,129097],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,129078,136],{"class":135},[44,129080,120],{"class":58},[44,129082,34936],{"class":116},[44,129084,113],{"class":58},[44,129086,128622],{"class":116},[44,129088,120],{"class":58},[44,129090,63],{"class":62},[44,129092,22515],{"class":66},[44,129094,63],{"class":62},[44,129096,532],{"class":58},[44,129098,128685],{"class":147},[20,129100,90152,129101,8950,129103,3384,129105,113],{},[15,129102,124592],{},[15,129104,4112],{},[15,129106,4178],{},[20,129108,129109],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[30,129111,1785,129112,976,129114],{"id":65648},[15,129113,36302],{},[15,129115,52899],{},[20,129117,227,129118,129120],{},[15,129119,36302],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,129122,227,129123,129125],{},[15,129124,52899],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,129127,2482,129128,75704,129130,129132],{},[15,129129,52899],{},[590,129131,65311],{}," in the search.",[35,129134,129136],{"className":37,"code":129135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,129137,129138,129151,129155,129179,129208,129240],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129139,129140,129142,129144,129146,129149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129141,34915],{"class":50},[44,129143,55],{"class":54},[44,129145,75],{"class":62},[44,129147,129148],{"class":66},"one two three two",[44,129150,3865],{"class":62},[44,129152,129153],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129154,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,129156,129157,129159,129161,129163,129165,129167,129169,129171,129173,129175,129177],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,129158,136],{"class":135},[44,129160,120],{"class":58},[44,129162,34936],{"class":116},[44,129164,113],{"class":58},[44,129166,128622],{"class":116},[44,129168,120],{"class":58},[44,129170,63],{"class":62},[44,129172,79513],{"class":66},[44,129174,63],{"class":62},[44,129176,532],{"class":58},[44,129178,128916],{"class":147},[44,129180,129181,129183,129185,129187,129189,129191,129193,129195,129197,129199,129201,129203,129205],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,129182,136],{"class":135},[44,129184,120],{"class":58},[44,129186,34936],{"class":116},[44,129188,113],{"class":58},[44,129190,128622],{"class":116},[44,129192,120],{"class":58},[44,129194,63],{"class":62},[44,129196,79513],{"class":66},[44,129198,63],{"class":62},[44,129200,83],{"class":58},[44,129202,5108],{"class":95},[44,129204,532],{"class":58},[44,129206,129207],{"class":147},"     # 14\n",[44,129209,129210,129212,129214,129216,129218,129220,129222,129224,129226,129228,129230,129232,129234,129236,129238],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,129211,136],{"class":135},[44,129213,120],{"class":58},[44,129215,34936],{"class":116},[44,129217,113],{"class":58},[44,129219,128622],{"class":116},[44,129221,120],{"class":58},[44,129223,63],{"class":62},[44,129225,79513],{"class":66},[44,129227,63],{"class":62},[44,129229,83],{"class":58},[44,129231,561],{"class":95},[44,129233,83],{"class":58},[44,129235,6495],{"class":95},[44,129237,532],{"class":58},[44,129239,51173],{"class":147},[44,129241,129242,129244,129246,129248,129250,129252,129254,129256,129258,129260,129262,129264,129266,129268,129270],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,129243,136],{"class":135},[44,129245,120],{"class":58},[44,129247,34936],{"class":116},[44,129249,113],{"class":58},[44,129251,128622],{"class":116},[44,129253,120],{"class":58},[44,129255,63],{"class":62},[44,129257,79513],{"class":66},[44,129259,63],{"class":62},[44,129261,83],{"class":58},[44,129263,561],{"class":95},[44,129265,83],{"class":58},[44,129267,2961],{"class":95},[44,129269,532],{"class":58},[44,129271,128978],{"class":147},[20,129273,129274],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129276,129277,129278,55308,129282,113],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[625,129279,129281],{"href":129280},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[625,129283,129285,129287],{"href":129284},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129286,60772],{}," string method",[30,129289,124244],{"id":124243},[20,129291,129292,124055],{},[15,129293,124592],{},[20,129295,127642,129296,976,129298,129300],{},[15,129297,90660],{},[15,129299,64776],{}," are treated as different text.",[35,129302,129304],{"className":37,"code":129303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129305,129306,129319,129323,129347],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129307,129308,129310,129312,129314,129317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129309,34915],{"class":50},[44,129311,55],{"class":54},[44,129313,75],{"class":62},[44,129315,129316],{"class":66},"Hello World",[44,129318,3865],{"class":62},[44,129320,129321],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129322,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,129324,129325,129327,129329,129331,129333,129335,129337,129339,129341,129343,129345],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,129326,136],{"class":135},[44,129328,120],{"class":58},[44,129330,34936],{"class":116},[44,129332,113],{"class":58},[44,129334,128622],{"class":116},[44,129336,120],{"class":58},[44,129338,63],{"class":62},[44,129340,35095],{"class":66},[44,129342,63],{"class":62},[44,129344,532],{"class":58},[44,129346,51485],{"class":147},[44,129348,129349,129351,129353,129355,129357,129359,129361,129363,129365,129367,129369],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,129350,136],{"class":135},[44,129352,120],{"class":58},[44,129354,34936],{"class":116},[44,129356,113],{"class":58},[44,129358,128622],{"class":116},[44,129360,120],{"class":58},[44,129362,63],{"class":62},[44,129364,4349],{"class":66},[44,129366,63],{"class":62},[44,129368,532],{"class":58},[44,129370,128978],{"class":147},[20,129372,129373],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[35,129375,129377],{"className":37,"code":129376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129378,129379,129391,129395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129380,129381,129383,129385,129387,129389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129382,34915],{"class":50},[44,129384,55],{"class":54},[44,129386,75],{"class":62},[44,129388,129316],{"class":66},[44,129390,3865],{"class":62},[44,129392,129393],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129394,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,129396,129397,129399,129401,129403,129405,129407,129409,129411,129413,129415,129417,129419,129421],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,129398,136],{"class":135},[44,129400,120],{"class":58},[44,129402,34936],{"class":116},[44,129404,113],{"class":58},[44,129406,9135],{"class":116},[44,129408,9132],{"class":58},[44,129410,128622],{"class":116},[44,129412,120],{"class":58},[44,129414,63],{"class":62},[44,129416,4349],{"class":66},[44,129418,63],{"class":62},[44,129420,532],{"class":58},[44,129422,51485],{"class":147},[30,129424,129426,967,129428],{"id":129425},"find-vs-index",[15,129427,124592],{},[15,129429,59208],{},[20,129431,129432,976,129434,129436],{},[15,129433,124592],{},[15,129435,59208],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[252,129438,129439,129445],{},[255,129440,129441,2901,129443],{},[15,129442,124592],{},[15,129444,66096],{},[255,129446,129447,52733,129449],{},[15,129448,59208],{},[15,129450,40937],{},[20,129452,227,129453,129455],{},[15,129454,124592],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129457,227,129458,129460],{},[15,129459,59208],{}," when the value must exist.",[35,129462,129464],{"className":37,"code":129463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129465,129466,129478,129482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129467,129468,129470,129472,129474,129476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129469,34915],{"class":50},[44,129471,55],{"class":54},[44,129473,75],{"class":62},[44,129475,4349],{"class":66},[44,129477,3865],{"class":62},[44,129479,129480],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129481,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,129483,129484,129486,129488,129490,129492,129494,129496,129498,129500,129502,129504],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,129485,136],{"class":135},[44,129487,120],{"class":58},[44,129489,34936],{"class":116},[44,129491,113],{"class":58},[44,129493,128622],{"class":116},[44,129495,120],{"class":58},[44,129497,63],{"class":62},[44,129499,1696],{"class":66},[44,129501,63],{"class":62},[44,129503,532],{"class":58},[44,129505,129506],{"class":147},"   # -1\n",[35,129508,129510],{"className":37,"code":129509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129511,129512,129524,129528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129513,129514,129516,129518,129520,129522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129515,34915],{"class":50},[44,129517,55],{"class":54},[44,129519,75],{"class":62},[44,129521,4349],{"class":66},[44,129523,3865],{"class":62},[44,129525,129526],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129527,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,129529,129530,129532,129534,129536,129538,129540,129542,129544,129546,129548,129550],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,129531,136],{"class":135},[44,129533,120],{"class":58},[44,129535,34936],{"class":116},[44,129537,113],{"class":58},[44,129539,36075],{"class":116},[44,129541,120],{"class":58},[44,129543,63],{"class":62},[44,129545,1696],{"class":66},[44,129547,63],{"class":62},[44,129549,532],{"class":58},[44,129551,129552],{"class":147},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129554,129555,129556,129560,129561,129563,129564,113],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[625,129557,129558,129287],{"href":124617},[15,129559,59208],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129562,59208],{},", read ",[625,129565,26116,129566],{"href":73724},[15,129567,129568],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[30,129570,41279],{"id":41278},[20,129572,35634,129573,129575],{},[15,129574,124592],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[252,129577,129578,129581,129584,129587],{},[255,129579,129580],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[255,129582,129583],{},"Get the position of a word",[255,129585,129586],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[255,129588,129589],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129591,129592],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[35,129594,129596],{"className":37,"code":129595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129597,129598,129611,129634,129638,129653,129669,129688,129702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129599,129600,129602,129604,129606,129609],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129601,34915],{"class":50},[44,129603,55],{"class":54},[44,129605,75],{"class":62},[44,129607,129608],{"class":66},"name:Alice",[44,129610,3865],{"class":62},[44,129612,129613,129616,129618,129620,129622,129624,129626,129628,129630,129632],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129614,129615],{"class":50},"colon_pos ",[44,129617,55],{"class":54},[44,129619,43076],{"class":50},[44,129621,113],{"class":58},[44,129623,128622],{"class":116},[44,129625,120],{"class":58},[44,129627,63],{"class":62},[44,129629,72],{"class":66},[44,129631,63],{"class":62},[44,129633,129],{"class":58},[44,129635,129636],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,129637,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,129639,129640,129642,129645,129647,129649,129651],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,129641,1345],{"class":1140},[44,129643,129644],{"class":50}," colon_pos ",[44,129646,72834],{"class":54},[44,129648,908],{"class":54},[44,129650,1588],{"class":95},[44,129652,1359],{"class":58},[44,129654,129655,129658,129660,129662,129664,129667],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,129656,129657],{"class":50},"    label ",[44,129659,55],{"class":54},[44,129661,43076],{"class":50},[44,129663,75777],{"class":58},[44,129665,129666],{"class":50},"colon_pos",[44,129668,1153],{"class":58},[44,129670,129671,129673,129675,129677,129679,129681,129683,129685],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,129672,1364],{"class":50},[44,129674,55],{"class":54},[44,129676,43076],{"class":50},[44,129678,896],{"class":58},[44,129680,129615],{"class":50},[44,129682,2564],{"class":54},[44,129684,1703],{"class":95},[44,129686,129687],{"class":58},":]\n",[44,129689,129690,129692,129694,129697,129699],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,129691,1387],{"class":135},[44,129693,120],{"class":58},[44,129695,129696],{"class":116},"label",[44,129698,144],{"class":58},[44,129700,129701],{"class":147},"  # name\n",[44,129703,129704,129706,129708,129710,129712],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,129705,1387],{"class":135},[44,129707,120],{"class":58},[44,129709,1282],{"class":116},[44,129711,144],{"class":58},[44,129713,129714],{"class":147},"  # Alice\n",[20,129716,129717,129718,113],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[625,129719,127633],{"href":123852},[30,129721,3335],{"id":3334},[20,129723,129724,129725,72],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129726,124592],{},[252,129728,129729,129738,129744,129749,129755],{},[255,129730,1904,129731,8950,129733,3384,129735,129737],{},[15,129732,124592],{},[15,129734,4112],{},[15,129736,4178],{}," instead of an index",[255,129739,129740,129741,129743],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129742,66096],{}," when the substring is missing",[255,129745,1785,129746,129748],{},[15,129747,124592],{}," without handling case differences",[255,129750,37435,129751,9200,129753],{},[15,129752,124592],{},[15,129754,59208],{},[255,129756,5082,129757,129759],{},[15,129758,124592],{}," changes the string",[20,129761,129762],{},"Example of a mistake:",[35,129764,129766],{"className":37,"code":129765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129767,129768,129780,129784,129804,129819,129825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129769,129770,129772,129774,129776,129778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129771,34915],{"class":50},[44,129773,55],{"class":54},[44,129775,75],{"class":62},[44,129777,4349],{"class":66},[44,129779,3865],{"class":62},[44,129781,129782],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129783,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,129785,129786,129788,129790,129792,129794,129796,129798,129800,129802],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,129787,1345],{"class":1140},[44,129789,43076],{"class":50},[44,129791,113],{"class":58},[44,129793,128622],{"class":116},[44,129795,120],{"class":58},[44,129797,63],{"class":62},[44,129799,60679],{"class":66},[44,129801,63],{"class":62},[44,129803,8837],{"class":58},[44,129805,129806,129808,129810,129812,129815,129817],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,129807,1387],{"class":135},[44,129809,120],{"class":58},[44,129811,63],{"class":62},[44,129813,129814],{"class":66},"Found",[44,129816,63],{"class":62},[44,129818,129],{"class":58},[44,129820,129821,129823],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,129822,1398],{"class":1140},[44,129824,1359],{"class":58},[44,129826,129827,129829,129831,129833,129835,129837],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,129828,1387],{"class":135},[44,129830,120],{"class":58},[44,129832,63],{"class":62},[44,129834,206],{"class":66},[44,129836,63],{"class":62},[44,129838,129],{"class":58},[20,129840,100158],{},[35,129842,129844],{"className":37,"code":129843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Not found\n",[15,129845,129846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129847,129848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129849,129843],{"class":50},[20,129851,45939,129852,129855,129856,17526,129858,129860,129861,129863],{},[15,129853,129854],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129857,2626],{},[15,129859,2626],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129862,1345],{}," statement.",[20,129865,129866],{},"A safer version is:",[35,129868,129870],{"className":37,"code":129869,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129871,129872,129884,129888,129917,129931,129937],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129873,129874,129876,129878,129880,129882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129875,34915],{"class":50},[44,129877,55],{"class":54},[44,129879,75],{"class":62},[44,129881,4349],{"class":66},[44,129883,3865],{"class":62},[44,129885,129886],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129887,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,129889,129890,129892,129894,129896,129898,129900,129902,129904,129906,129908,129911,129913,129915],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,129891,1345],{"class":1140},[44,129893,43076],{"class":50},[44,129895,113],{"class":58},[44,129897,128622],{"class":116},[44,129899,120],{"class":58},[44,129901,63],{"class":62},[44,129903,60679],{"class":66},[44,129905,63],{"class":62},[44,129907,144],{"class":58},[44,129909,129910],{"class":54}," !=",[44,129912,908],{"class":54},[44,129914,1588],{"class":95},[44,129916,1359],{"class":58},[44,129918,129919,129921,129923,129925,129927,129929],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,129920,1387],{"class":135},[44,129922,120],{"class":58},[44,129924,63],{"class":62},[44,129926,129814],{"class":66},[44,129928,63],{"class":62},[44,129930,129],{"class":58},[44,129932,129933,129935],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,129934,1398],{"class":1140},[44,129936,1359],{"class":58},[44,129938,129939,129941,129943,129945,129947,129949],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,129940,1387],{"class":135},[44,129942,120],{"class":58},[44,129944,63],{"class":62},[44,129946,206],{"class":66},[44,129948,63],{"class":62},[44,129950,129],{"class":58},[20,129952,129953],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[35,129955,129957],{"className":37,"code":129956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129958,129959,129981,129995,130021,130035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129960,129961,129963,129965,129967,129969,129971,129973,129975,129977,129979],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129962,136],{"class":135},[44,129964,120],{"class":58},[44,129966,34936],{"class":116},[44,129968,113],{"class":58},[44,129970,128622],{"class":116},[44,129972,120],{"class":58},[44,129974,2197],{"class":62},[44,129976,38623],{"class":66},[44,129978,2197],{"class":62},[44,129980,2239],{"class":58},[44,129982,129983,129985,129987,129989,129991,129993],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129984,136],{"class":135},[44,129986,120],{"class":58},[44,129988,42013],{"class":135},[44,129990,120],{"class":58},[44,129992,34936],{"class":116},[44,129994,2239],{"class":58},[44,129996,129997,129999,130001,130003,130005,130007,130009,130011,130013,130015,130017,130019],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,129998,136],{"class":135},[44,130000,120],{"class":58},[44,130002,34936],{"class":116},[44,130004,113],{"class":58},[44,130006,9135],{"class":116},[44,130008,9132],{"class":58},[44,130010,128622],{"class":116},[44,130012,120],{"class":58},[44,130014,2197],{"class":62},[44,130016,38623],{"class":66},[44,130018,2197],{"class":62},[44,130020,2239],{"class":58},[44,130022,130023,130025,130027,130029,130031,130033],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,130024,136],{"class":135},[44,130026,120],{"class":58},[44,130028,11641],{"class":135},[44,130030,120],{"class":58},[44,130032,34936],{"class":116},[44,130034,2239],{"class":58},[44,130036,130037,130039,130041,130043,130045,130047,130049,130051,130053,130055,130057,130059,130061,130063],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,130038,136],{"class":135},[44,130040,120],{"class":58},[44,130042,34936],{"class":116},[44,130044,113],{"class":58},[44,130046,128622],{"class":116},[44,130048,120],{"class":58},[44,130050,2197],{"class":62},[44,130052,38623],{"class":66},[44,130054,2197],{"class":62},[44,130056,83],{"class":58},[44,130058,36281],{"class":116},[44,130060,83],{"class":58},[44,130062,65282],{"class":116},[44,130064,2239],{"class":58},[20,130066,130067],{},"These help you check:",[252,130069,130070,130075,130080,130085,130088],{},[255,130071,130072,130073],{},"The actual result from ",[15,130074,124592],{},[255,130076,130077,130078],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,130079,122811],{},[255,130081,130082,130083],{},"Case differences with ",[15,130084,124327],{},[255,130086,130087],{},"The string length",[255,130089,130090,130091,976,130093,130095],{},"Whether your ",[15,130092,36302],{},[15,130094,52899],{}," values are correct",[30,130097,2301],{"id":2300},[981,130099,130101,130102,130104],{"id":130100},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,130103,124592],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,130106,5649,130107,113],{},[15,130108,66096],{},[981,130110,2329,130112,130114],{"id":130111},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,130113,124592],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,130116,130117],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[981,130119,130121,130122,124933],{"id":130120},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,130123,124592],{},[20,130125,130126],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[981,130128,2358,130130,976,130132,69897],{"id":130129},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,130131,124592],{},[15,130133,59208],{},[20,130135,130136,2901,130138,130140,130141,52733,130143,113],{},[15,130137,124592],{},[15,130139,66096],{}," if not found, while ",[15,130142,59208],{},[15,130144,40937],{},[981,130146,2339,130148,130150],{"id":130147},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,130149,124592],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,130152,130153,130154,976,130156,66395],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,130155,36302],{},[15,130157,52899],{},[30,130159,2375],{"id":2374},[252,130161,130162,130168,130174,130181,130187,130194,130198,130203],{},[255,130163,130164],{},[625,130165,126597,130166,11221],{"href":124617},[15,130167,59208],{},[255,130169,130170],{},[625,130171,126597,130172,11221],{"href":129284},[15,130173,60772],{},[255,130175,130176],{},[625,130177,126597,130179,11221],{"href":130178},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,130180,124768],{},[255,130182,130183],{},[625,130184,126597,130185,11221],{"href":127962},[15,130186,127965],{},[255,130188,130189],{},[625,130190,126597,130192,11221],{"href":130191},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,130193,126655],{},[255,130195,130196],{},[625,130197,124996],{"href":123852},[255,130199,130200],{},[625,130201,130202],{"href":129280},"How to split a string in Python",[255,130204,130205],{},[625,130206,26558,130207],{"href":73724},[15,130208,129568],{},[2414,130210,130211],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":130213},[130214,130216,130219,130220,130221,130222,130224,130225,130226,130238],{"id":128698,"depth":102,"text":130215},"What find() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392,"children":130217},[130218],{"id":17847,"depth":132,"text":17848},{"id":38251,"depth":102,"text":38252},{"id":65648,"depth":102,"text":66431},{"id":124243,"depth":102,"text":124244},{"id":129425,"depth":102,"text":130223},"find() vs index()",{"id":41278,"depth":102,"text":41279},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":130227},[130228,130230,130232,130234,130236],{"id":130100,"depth":132,"text":130229},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":130111,"depth":132,"text":130231},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":130120,"depth":132,"text":130233},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":130129,"depth":132,"text":130235},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":130147,"depth":132,"text":130237},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128570,"description":130239},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130246,"title":130247,"body":130248,"description":132174,"extension":2465,"meta":132175,"navigation":169,"path":132176,"seo":132177,"stem":132178,"__hash__":132179},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130249,"toc":132142},[130250,130255,130260,130263,130265,130341,130345,130373,130381,130385,130390,130394,130411,130413,130480,130484,130506,130514,130516,130519,130543,130546,130560,130562,130647,130651,130663,130666,130670,130676,130726,130730,130747,130756,130759,130767,130770,130819,130823,130848,130851,130906,130910,130922,130928,130932,130938,130943,131010,131014,131040,131043,131054,131056,131123,131127,131152,131159,131163,131168,131175,131183,131185,131237,131241,131259,131261,131306,131310,131325,131328,131338,131345,131347,131351,131354,131365,131367,131427,131431,131459,131462,131468,131473,131476,131480,131524,131527,131565,131568,131576,131578,131583,131587,131590,131638,131641,131644,131700,131704,131709,131712,131761,131763,131812,131818,131823,131825,131872,131876,131889,131891,131942,131948,131951,131955,131958,131964,131969,131971,131974,132046,132049,132066,132068,132073,132076,132080,132086,132092,132099,132105,132111,132113,132139],[10,130251,123597,130253,18],{"id":130252},"python-string-format-method",[15,130254,126600],{},[20,130256,123602,130257,130259],{},[15,130258,126600],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130261,130262],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[30,130264,2507],{"id":2506},[35,130266,130268],{"className":37,"code":130267,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130269,130270,130282,130290,130294,130331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130271,130272,130274,130276,130278,130280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130273,8372],{"class":50},[44,130275,55],{"class":54},[44,130277,75],{"class":62},[44,130279,11985],{"class":66},[44,130281,3865],{"class":62},[44,130283,130284,130286,130288],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,130285,1036],{"class":50},[44,130287,55],{"class":54},[44,130289,89041],{"class":95},[44,130291,130292],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,130293,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,130295,130296,130298,130300,130302,130305,130307,130310,130312,130314,130316,130318,130321,130323,130325,130327,130329],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,130297,90249],{"class":50},[44,130299,55],{"class":54},[44,130301,75],{"class":62},[44,130303,130304],{"class":66},"My name is ",[44,130306,4296],{"class":95},[44,130308,130309],{"class":66}," and I am ",[44,130311,4296],{"class":95},[44,130313,122593],{"class":66},[44,130315,63],{"class":62},[44,130317,113],{"class":58},[44,130319,130320],{"class":116},"format",[44,130322,120],{"class":58},[44,130324,67],{"class":116},[44,130326,83],{"class":58},[44,130328,9681],{"class":116},[44,130330,129],{"class":58},[44,130332,130333,130335,130337,130339],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,130334,136],{"class":135},[44,130336,120],{"class":58},[44,130338,90266],{"class":116},[44,130340,129],{"class":58},[20,130342,130343],{},[590,130344,2576],{},[35,130346,130348],{"className":37,"code":130347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130349,130350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130351,130352,130355,130357,130360,130363,130366,130369,130371],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130353,130354],{"class":50},"My name ",[44,130356,12666],{"class":54},[44,130358,130359],{"class":50}," Maya ",[44,130361,130362],{"class":54},"and",[44,130364,130365],{"class":50}," I am ",[44,130367,130368],{"class":95},"12",[44,130370,122626],{"class":50},[44,130372,122629],{"class":58},[20,130374,227,130375,130377,130378,130380],{},[15,130376,4296],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130379,126600],{}," in the same order.",[20,130382,125349,130383,113],{},[625,130384,125352],{"href":51213},[30,130386,13459,130388,13462],{"id":130387},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130389,126600],{},[20,130391,2482,130392,11890],{},[15,130393,126600],{},[252,130395,130396,130399,130405,130408],{},[255,130397,130398],{},"inserts values into a string",[255,130400,130401,130402,130404],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130403,4296],{}," with given values",[255,130406,130407],{},"returns a new string",[255,130409,130410],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130412,269],{},[35,130414,130416],{"className":37,"code":130415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130417,130418,130432,130455,130459,130470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130419,130420,130422,130424,130426,130428,130430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130421,34915],{"class":50},[44,130423,55],{"class":54},[44,130425,75],{"class":62},[44,130427,45137],{"class":66},[44,130429,4296],{"class":95},[44,130431,3865],{"class":62},[44,130433,130434,130437,130439,130441,130443,130445,130447,130449,130451,130453],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,130435,130436],{"class":50},"new_text ",[44,130438,55],{"class":54},[44,130440,43076],{"class":50},[44,130442,113],{"class":58},[44,130444,130320],{"class":116},[44,130446,120],{"class":58},[44,130448,63],{"class":62},[44,130450,8173],{"class":66},[44,130452,63],{"class":62},[44,130454,129],{"class":58},[44,130456,130457],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,130458,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,130460,130461,130463,130465,130468],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,130462,136],{"class":135},[44,130464,120],{"class":58},[44,130466,130467],{"class":116},"new_text",[44,130469,129],{"class":58},[44,130471,130472,130474,130476,130478],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,130473,136],{"class":135},[44,130475,120],{"class":58},[44,130477,34936],{"class":116},[44,130479,129],{"class":58},[20,130481,130482],{},[590,130483,2576],{},[35,130485,130487],{"className":37,"code":130486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130488,130489,130498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130490,130491,130493,130495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130492,35095],{"class":50},[44,130494,83],{"class":58},[44,130496,130497],{"class":50}," Sam\n",[44,130499,130500,130502,130504],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,130501,35095],{"class":50},[44,130503,83],{"class":58},[44,130505,10325],{"class":58},[20,130507,2790,130508,130510,130511,130513],{},[15,130509,34936],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130512,126600],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[30,130515,392],{"id":391},[20,130517,130518],{},"The general form is:",[35,130520,130522],{"className":37,"code":130521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130523,130524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130525,130526,130528,130531,130533,130535,130537,130539,130541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130527,63],{"class":43563},[44,130529,130530],{"class":43567},"text {}",[44,130532,63],{"class":43563},[44,130534,113],{"class":58},[44,130536,130320],{"class":116},[44,130538,120],{"class":58},[44,130540,1282],{"class":116},[44,130542,129],{"class":58},[20,130544,130545],{},"Key idea:",[252,130547,130548,130554,130557],{},[255,130549,130550,130551,130553],{},"each ",[15,130552,4296],{}," is a placeholder",[255,130555,130556],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[255,130558,130559],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130561,269],{},[35,130563,130565],{"className":37,"code":130564,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130566,130567,130580,130594,130598,130636],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130568,130569,130572,130574,130576,130578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130570,130571],{"class":50},"animal ",[44,130573,55],{"class":54},[44,130575,75],{"class":62},[44,130577,37278],{"class":66},[44,130579,3865],{"class":62},[44,130581,130582,130585,130587,130589,130592],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,130583,130584],{"class":50},"sound ",[44,130586,55],{"class":54},[44,130588,75],{"class":62},[44,130590,130591],{"class":66},"meow",[44,130593,3865],{"class":62},[44,130595,130596],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,130597,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,130599,130600,130603,130605,130607,130609,130611,130614,130616,130618,130620,130622,130624,130626,130629,130631,130634],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,130601,130602],{"class":50},"sentence ",[44,130604,55],{"class":54},[44,130606,75],{"class":62},[44,130608,2482],{"class":66},[44,130610,4296],{"class":95},[44,130612,130613],{"class":66}," says ",[44,130615,4296],{"class":95},[44,130617,113],{"class":66},[44,130619,63],{"class":62},[44,130621,113],{"class":58},[44,130623,130320],{"class":116},[44,130625,120],{"class":58},[44,130627,130628],{"class":116},"animal",[44,130630,83],{"class":58},[44,130632,130633],{"class":116}," sound",[44,130635,129],{"class":58},[44,130637,130638,130640,130642,130645],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,130639,136],{"class":135},[44,130641,120],{"class":58},[44,130643,130644],{"class":116},"sentence",[44,130646,129],{"class":58},[20,130648,130649],{},[590,130650,2576],{},[35,130652,130654],{"className":37,"code":130653,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130655,130656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130657,130658,130661],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130659,130660],{"class":50},"The cat says meow",[44,130662,122629],{"class":58},[20,130664,130665],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[30,130667,130669],{"id":130668},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130671,130672,130673,130675],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130674,4296],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[35,130677,130679],{"className":37,"code":130678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130680,130681],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130682,130683,130685,130687,130689,130692,130694,130696,130698,130700,130702,130704,130706,130708,130710,130713,130715,130717,130719,130722,130724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130684,136],{"class":135},[44,130686,120],{"class":58},[44,130688,63],{"class":62},[44,130690,130691],{"class":66},"I like ",[44,130693,4296],{"class":95},[44,130695,976],{"class":66},[44,130697,4296],{"class":95},[44,130699,113],{"class":66},[44,130701,63],{"class":62},[44,130703,113],{"class":58},[44,130705,130320],{"class":116},[44,130707,120],{"class":58},[44,130709,63],{"class":62},[44,130711,130712],{"class":66},"pizza",[44,130714,63],{"class":62},[44,130716,83],{"class":58},[44,130718,75],{"class":62},[44,130720,130721],{"class":66},"pasta",[44,130723,63],{"class":62},[44,130725,2239],{"class":58},[20,130727,130728],{},[590,130729,2576],{},[35,130731,130733],{"className":37,"code":130732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130734,130735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130736,130737,130740,130742,130745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130738,130739],{"class":50},"I like pizza ",[44,130741,130362],{"class":54},[44,130743,130744],{"class":50}," pasta",[44,130746,122629],{"class":58},[20,130748,130749,130750,976,130753,113],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130751,130752],{},"{0}",[15,130754,130755],{},"{1}",[20,130757,130758],{},"This is helpful when:",[252,130760,130761,130764],{},[255,130762,130763],{},"you want to reuse a value",[255,130765,130766],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130768,130769],{},"Example with reused values:",[35,130771,130773],{"className":37,"code":130772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130774,130775,130809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130776,130777,130779,130781,130783,130785,130788,130790,130793,130795,130797,130799,130801,130803,130805,130807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130778,34915],{"class":50},[44,130780,55],{"class":54},[44,130782,75],{"class":62},[44,130784,130752],{"class":95},[44,130786,130787],{"class":66}," is learning Python. ",[44,130789,130752],{"class":95},[44,130791,130792],{"class":66}," likes coding.",[44,130794,63],{"class":62},[44,130796,113],{"class":58},[44,130798,130320],{"class":116},[44,130800,120],{"class":58},[44,130802,63],{"class":62},[44,130804,20329],{"class":66},[44,130806,63],{"class":62},[44,130808,129],{"class":58},[44,130810,130811,130813,130815,130817],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,130812,136],{"class":135},[44,130814,120],{"class":58},[44,130816,34936],{"class":116},[44,130818,129],{"class":58},[20,130820,130821],{},[590,130822,2576],{},[35,130824,130826],{"className":37,"code":130825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130827,130828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130829,130830,130833,130835,130838,130840,130843,130846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130831,130832],{"class":50},"Lina ",[44,130834,12666],{"class":54},[44,130836,130837],{"class":50}," learning Python",[44,130839,113],{"class":58},[44,130841,130842],{"class":25189}," Lina",[44,130844,130845],{"class":50}," likes coding",[44,130847,122629],{"class":58},[20,130849,130850],{},"Example with changed order:",[35,130852,130854],{"className":37,"code":130853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130855,130856,130896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130857,130858,130860,130862,130864,130866,130868,130870,130872,130874,130876,130878,130880,130882,130884,130886,130888,130890,130892,130894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130859,34915],{"class":50},[44,130861,55],{"class":54},[44,130863,75],{"class":62},[44,130865,130755],{"class":95},[44,130867,83568],{"class":66},[44,130869,130752],{"class":95},[44,130871,113],{"class":66},[44,130873,63],{"class":62},[44,130875,113],{"class":58},[44,130877,130320],{"class":116},[44,130879,120],{"class":58},[44,130881,63],{"class":62},[44,130883,2069],{"class":66},[44,130885,63],{"class":62},[44,130887,83],{"class":58},[44,130889,75],{"class":62},[44,130891,79513],{"class":66},[44,130893,63],{"class":62},[44,130895,129],{"class":58},[44,130897,130898,130900,130902,130904],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,130899,136],{"class":135},[44,130901,120],{"class":58},[44,130903,34936],{"class":116},[44,130905,129],{"class":58},[20,130907,130908],{},[590,130909,2576],{},[35,130911,130913],{"className":37,"code":130912,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130914,130915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130916,130917,130920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130918,130919],{"class":50},"two comes after one",[44,130921,122629],{"class":58},[20,130923,130924,130925,130927],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130926,4296],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[30,130929,130931],{"id":130930},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130933,130934,130935,113],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130936,130937],{},"{name}",[20,130939,130940,130941,72],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130942,126600],{},[35,130944,130946],{"className":37,"code":130945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130947,130948,131000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130949,130950,130952,130954,130956,130958,130960,130963,130966,130968,130970,130972,130974,130976,130978,130980,130982,130984,130986,130988,130990,130992,130994,130996,130998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130951,34915],{"class":50},[44,130953,55],{"class":54},[44,130955,75],{"class":62},[44,130957,130304],{"class":66},[44,130959,130937],{"class":95},[44,130961,130962],{"class":66}," and I live in ",[44,130964,130965],{"class":95},"{city}",[44,130967,113],{"class":66},[44,130969,63],{"class":62},[44,130971,113],{"class":58},[44,130973,130320],{"class":116},[44,130975,120],{"class":58},[44,130977,67],{"class":9668},[44,130979,55],{"class":54},[44,130981,63],{"class":62},[44,130983,78],{"class":66},[44,130985,63],{"class":62},[44,130987,83],{"class":58},[44,130989,31610],{"class":9668},[44,130991,55],{"class":54},[44,130993,63],{"class":62},[44,130995,16487],{"class":66},[44,130997,63],{"class":62},[44,130999,129],{"class":58},[44,131001,131002,131004,131006,131008],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131003,136],{"class":135},[44,131005,120],{"class":58},[44,131007,34936],{"class":116},[44,131009,129],{"class":58},[20,131011,131012],{},[590,131013,2576],{},[35,131015,131017],{"className":37,"code":131016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,131018,131019],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131020,131021,131023,131025,131028,131030,131033,131035,131038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131022,130354],{"class":50},[44,131024,12666],{"class":54},[44,131026,131027],{"class":50}," Ana ",[44,131029,130362],{"class":54},[44,131031,131032],{"class":50}," I live ",[44,131034,4385],{"class":54},[44,131036,131037],{"class":50}," Lima",[44,131039,122629],{"class":58},[20,131041,131042],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[252,131044,131045,131048,131051],{},[255,131046,131047],{},"they make code easier to read",[255,131049,131050],{},"they help when a string has many values",[255,131052,131053],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,131055,269],{},[35,131057,131059],{"className":37,"code":131058,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,131060,131061,131113],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131062,131063,131066,131068,131070,131073,131076,131079,131082,131084,131086,131088,131090,131092,131094,131096,131099,131101,131103,131106,131108,131111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131064,131065],{"class":50},"report ",[44,131067,55],{"class":54},[44,131069,75],{"class":62},[44,131071,131072],{"class":66},"Student: ",[44,131074,131075],{"class":95},"{student}",[44,131077,131078],{"class":66},", Score: ",[44,131080,131081],{"class":95},"{score}",[44,131083,63],{"class":62},[44,131085,113],{"class":58},[44,131087,130320],{"class":116},[44,131089,120],{"class":58},[44,131091,14085],{"class":9668},[44,131093,55],{"class":54},[44,131095,63],{"class":62},[44,131097,131098],{"class":66},"Noah",[44,131100,63],{"class":62},[44,131102,83],{"class":58},[44,131104,131105],{"class":9668}," score",[44,131107,55],{"class":54},[44,131109,131110],{"class":95},"95",[44,131112,129],{"class":58},[44,131114,131115,131117,131119,131121],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131116,136],{"class":135},[44,131118,120],{"class":58},[44,131120,128310],{"class":116},[44,131122,129],{"class":58},[20,131124,131125],{},[590,131126,2576],{},[35,131128,131130],{"className":37,"code":131129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,131131,131132],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131133,131134,131137,131139,131142,131144,131147,131149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131135,131136],{"class":50},"Student",[44,131138,72],{"class":58},[44,131140,131141],{"class":50}," Noah",[44,131143,83],{"class":58},[44,131145,131146],{"class":50}," Score",[44,131148,72],{"class":58},[44,131150,131151],{"class":95}," 95\n",[20,131153,131154,131155,113],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[625,131156,4083,131157,4016],{"href":42409},[15,131158,47920],{},[30,131160,131162],{"id":131161},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,131164,131165,131167],{},[15,131166,126600],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,131169,131170,131171,131174],{},"A common example is ",[15,131172,131173],{},":.2f",", which means:",[252,131176,131177,131180],{},[255,131178,131179],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[255,131181,131182],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,131184,269],{},[35,131186,131188],{"className":37,"code":131187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,131189,131190,131198,131227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131191,131192,131194,131196],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131193,40620],{"class":50},[44,131195,55],{"class":54},[44,131197,49513],{"class":95},[44,131199,131200,131202,131204,131206,131209,131211,131213,131215,131217,131219,131221,131223,131225],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131201,34915],{"class":50},[44,131203,55],{"class":54},[44,131205,75],{"class":62},[44,131207,131208],{"class":66},"Price: $",[44,131210,9770],{"class":95},[44,131212,131173],{"class":2570},[44,131214,22741],{"class":95},[44,131216,63],{"class":62},[44,131218,113],{"class":58},[44,131220,130320],{"class":116},[44,131222,120],{"class":58},[44,131224,825],{"class":116},[44,131226,129],{"class":58},[44,131228,131229,131231,131233,131235],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,131230,136],{"class":135},[44,131232,120],{"class":58},[44,131234,34936],{"class":116},[44,131236,129],{"class":58},[20,131238,131239],{},[590,131240,2576],{},[35,131242,131244],{"className":37,"code":131243,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,131245,131246],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131247,131248,131251,131253,131256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131249,131250],{"class":50},"Price",[44,131252,72],{"class":58},[44,131254,131255],{"class":37598}," $",[44,131257,131258],{"class":95},"3.50\n",[20,131260,52318],{},[35,131262,131264],{"className":37,"code":131263,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131265,131266,131276],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131267,131268,131271,131273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131269,131270],{"class":50},"average ",[44,131272,55],{"class":54},[44,131274,131275],{"class":95}," 91.236\n",[44,131277,131278,131280,131282,131284,131287,131289,131291,131293,131295,131297,131299,131301,131304],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131279,136],{"class":135},[44,131281,120],{"class":58},[44,131283,63],{"class":62},[44,131285,131286],{"class":66},"Average: ",[44,131288,9770],{"class":95},[44,131290,131173],{"class":2570},[44,131292,22741],{"class":95},[44,131294,63],{"class":62},[44,131296,113],{"class":58},[44,131298,130320],{"class":116},[44,131300,120],{"class":58},[44,131302,131303],{"class":116},"average",[44,131305,2239],{"class":58},[20,131307,131308],{},[590,131309,2576],{},[35,131311,131313],{"className":37,"code":131312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131314,131315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131316,131317,131320,131322],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131318,131319],{"class":50},"Average",[44,131321,72],{"class":58},[44,131323,131324],{"class":95}," 91.24\n",[20,131326,131327],{},"This is useful for:",[252,131329,131330,131332,131335],{},[255,131331,83326],{},[255,131333,131334],{},"averages",[255,131336,131337],{},"percentages",[20,131339,131340,131341,113],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[625,131342,4083,131343,2807],{"href":46685},[15,131344,46688],{},[30,131346,583],{"id":582},[20,131348,131349,92763],{},[15,131350,126600],{},[20,131352,131353],{},"That means you can:",[252,131355,131356,131359,131362],{},[255,131357,131358],{},"save it in a variable",[255,131360,131361],{},"print it directly",[255,131363,131364],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131366,269],{},[35,131368,131370],{"className":37,"code":131369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131371,131372,131403,131413],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131373,131374,131376,131378,131380,131382,131384,131386,131388,131390,131392,131394,131396,131399,131401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131375,90249],{"class":50},[44,131377,55],{"class":54},[44,131379,75],{"class":62},[44,131381,45137],{"class":66},[44,131383,4296],{"class":95},[44,131385,90090],{"class":66},[44,131387,63],{"class":62},[44,131389,113],{"class":58},[44,131391,130320],{"class":116},[44,131393,120],{"class":58},[44,131395,63],{"class":62},[44,131397,131398],{"class":66},"Chris",[44,131400,63],{"class":62},[44,131402,129],{"class":58},[44,131404,131405,131407,131409,131411],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131406,136],{"class":135},[44,131408,120],{"class":58},[44,131410,90266],{"class":116},[44,131412,129],{"class":58},[44,131414,131415,131417,131419,131421,131423,131425],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,131416,136],{"class":135},[44,131418,120],{"class":58},[44,131420,2249],{"class":2248},[44,131422,120],{"class":58},[44,131424,90266],{"class":116},[44,131426,2239],{"class":58},[20,131428,131429],{},[590,131430,2576],{},[35,131432,131434],{"className":37,"code":131433,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131435,131436,131445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131437,131438,131440,131442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131439,35095],{"class":50},[44,131441,83],{"class":58},[44,131443,131444],{"class":50}," Chris!\n",[44,131446,131447,131449,131451,131453,131455,131457],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131448,3797],{"class":54},[44,131450,3800],{"class":2570},[44,131452,2232],{"class":62},[44,131454,3950],{"class":66},[44,131456,2197],{"class":62},[44,131458,3809],{"class":54},[20,131460,131461],{},"The original string is not changed.",[30,131463,131465,131467],{"id":131464},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131466,126600],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131469,131470,131472],{},[15,131471,126600],{}," is a string method.",[20,131474,131475],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131477,46276,131478,72],{},[15,131479,126600],{},[35,131481,131483],{"className":37,"code":131482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131484,131485,131498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131486,131487,131489,131491,131493,131496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131488,8372],{"class":50},[44,131490,55],{"class":54},[44,131492,75],{"class":62},[44,131494,131495],{"class":66},"Rita",[44,131497,3865],{"class":62},[44,131499,131500,131502,131504,131506,131508,131510,131512,131514,131516,131518,131520,131522],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131501,136],{"class":135},[44,131503,120],{"class":58},[44,131505,63],{"class":62},[44,131507,45137],{"class":66},[44,131509,4296],{"class":95},[44,131511,90090],{"class":66},[44,131513,63],{"class":62},[44,131515,113],{"class":58},[44,131517,130320],{"class":116},[44,131519,120],{"class":58},[44,131521,67],{"class":116},[44,131523,2239],{"class":58},[20,131525,131526],{},"Example with an f-string:",[35,131528,131530],{"className":37,"code":131529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131531,131532,131544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131533,131534,131536,131538,131540,131542],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131535,8372],{"class":50},[44,131537,55],{"class":54},[44,131539,75],{"class":62},[44,131541,131495],{"class":66},[44,131543,3865],{"class":62},[44,131545,131546,131548,131550,131552,131554,131556,131558,131560,131563],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131547,136],{"class":135},[44,131549,120],{"class":58},[44,131551,22732],{"class":2570},[44,131553,43581],{"class":66},[44,131555,9770],{"class":95},[44,131557,67],{"class":116},[44,131559,22741],{"class":95},[44,131561,131562],{"class":66},"!\"",[44,131564,129],{"class":58},[20,131566,131567],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131569,131570,131571,131573,131574,113],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131572,126600],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[625,131575,89935],{"href":89934},[30,131577,3335],{"id":3334},[20,131579,131580,131581,113],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131582,126600],{},[981,131584,131586],{"id":131585},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131588,131589],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[35,131591,131593],{"className":37,"code":131592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131594,131595,131628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131596,131597,131599,131601,131603,131605,131607,131610,131612,131614,131616,131618,131620,131622,131624,131626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131598,34915],{"class":50},[44,131600,55],{"class":54},[44,131602,75],{"class":62},[44,131604,45137],{"class":66},[44,131606,4296],{"class":95},[44,131608,131609],{"class":95}," {}",[44,131611,90090],{"class":66},[44,131613,63],{"class":62},[44,131615,113],{"class":58},[44,131617,130320],{"class":116},[44,131619,120],{"class":58},[44,131621,63],{"class":62},[44,131623,8173],{"class":66},[44,131625,63],{"class":62},[44,131627,129],{"class":58},[44,131629,131630,131632,131634,131636],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131631,136],{"class":135},[44,131633,120],{"class":58},[44,131635,34936],{"class":116},[44,131637,129],{"class":58},[20,131639,131640],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131642,131643],{},"Fixed version:",[35,131645,131647],{"className":37,"code":131646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131648,131649,131690],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131650,131651,131653,131655,131657,131659,131661,131663,131665,131667,131669,131671,131673,131675,131677,131679,131681,131683,131686,131688],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131652,34915],{"class":50},[44,131654,55],{"class":54},[44,131656,75],{"class":62},[44,131658,45137],{"class":66},[44,131660,4296],{"class":95},[44,131662,131609],{"class":95},[44,131664,90090],{"class":66},[44,131666,63],{"class":62},[44,131668,113],{"class":58},[44,131670,130320],{"class":116},[44,131672,120],{"class":58},[44,131674,63],{"class":62},[44,131676,8173],{"class":66},[44,131678,63],{"class":62},[44,131680,83],{"class":58},[44,131682,75],{"class":62},[44,131684,131685],{"class":66},"Lee",[44,131687,63],{"class":62},[44,131689,129],{"class":58},[44,131691,131692,131694,131696,131698],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131693,136],{"class":135},[44,131695,120],{"class":58},[44,131697,34936],{"class":116},[44,131699,129],{"class":58},[981,131701,131703],{"id":131702},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131705,131706,131707,113],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131708,126600],{},[20,131710,131711],{},"Problem:",[35,131713,131715],{"className":37,"code":131714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131716,131717,131751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131718,131719,131721,131723,131725,131727,131729,131731,131733,131735,131737,131739,131741,131743,131745,131747,131749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131720,34915],{"class":50},[44,131722,55],{"class":54},[44,131724,75],{"class":62},[44,131726,45137],{"class":66},[44,131728,130937],{"class":95},[44,131730,90090],{"class":66},[44,131732,63],{"class":62},[44,131734,113],{"class":58},[44,131736,130320],{"class":116},[44,131738,120],{"class":58},[44,131740,8480],{"class":9668},[44,131742,55],{"class":54},[44,131744,63],{"class":62},[44,131746,8173],{"class":66},[44,131748,63],{"class":62},[44,131750,129],{"class":58},[44,131752,131753,131755,131757,131759],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131754,136],{"class":135},[44,131756,120],{"class":58},[44,131758,34936],{"class":116},[44,131760,129],{"class":58},[20,131762,131643],{},[35,131764,131766],{"className":37,"code":131765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131767,131768,131802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131769,131770,131772,131774,131776,131778,131780,131782,131784,131786,131788,131790,131792,131794,131796,131798,131800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131771,34915],{"class":50},[44,131773,55],{"class":54},[44,131775,75],{"class":62},[44,131777,45137],{"class":66},[44,131779,130937],{"class":95},[44,131781,90090],{"class":66},[44,131783,63],{"class":62},[44,131785,113],{"class":58},[44,131787,130320],{"class":116},[44,131789,120],{"class":58},[44,131791,67],{"class":9668},[44,131793,55],{"class":54},[44,131795,63],{"class":62},[44,131797,8173],{"class":66},[44,131799,63],{"class":62},[44,131801,129],{"class":58},[44,131803,131804,131806,131808,131810],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131805,136],{"class":135},[44,131807,120],{"class":58},[44,131809,34936],{"class":116},[44,131811,129],{"class":58},[981,131813,1904,131815,131817],{"id":131814},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131816,126600],{}," to change the original string",[20,131819,131820,131822],{},[15,131821,126600],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131824,131711],{},[35,131826,131828],{"className":37,"code":131827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131829,131830,131844,131862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131831,131832,131834,131836,131838,131840,131842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131833,34915],{"class":50},[44,131835,55],{"class":54},[44,131837,75],{"class":62},[44,131839,45137],{"class":66},[44,131841,4296],{"class":95},[44,131843,3865],{"class":62},[44,131845,131846,131848,131850,131852,131854,131856,131858,131860],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131847,34936],{"class":50},[44,131849,113],{"class":58},[44,131851,130320],{"class":116},[44,131853,120],{"class":58},[44,131855,63],{"class":62},[44,131857,8173],{"class":66},[44,131859,63],{"class":62},[44,131861,129],{"class":58},[44,131863,131864,131866,131868,131870],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,131865,136],{"class":135},[44,131867,120],{"class":58},[44,131869,34936],{"class":116},[44,131871,129],{"class":58},[20,131873,131874],{},[590,131875,2576],{},[35,131877,131879],{"className":37,"code":131878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131880,131881],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131882,131883,131885,131887],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131884,35095],{"class":50},[44,131886,83],{"class":58},[44,131888,10325],{"class":58},[20,131890,131643],{},[35,131892,131894],{"className":37,"code":131893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131895,131896,131910,131932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131897,131898,131900,131902,131904,131906,131908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131899,34915],{"class":50},[44,131901,55],{"class":54},[44,131903,75],{"class":62},[44,131905,45137],{"class":66},[44,131907,4296],{"class":95},[44,131909,3865],{"class":62},[44,131911,131912,131914,131916,131918,131920,131922,131924,131926,131928,131930],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131913,34915],{"class":50},[44,131915,55],{"class":54},[44,131917,43076],{"class":50},[44,131919,113],{"class":58},[44,131921,130320],{"class":116},[44,131923,120],{"class":58},[44,131925,63],{"class":62},[44,131927,8173],{"class":66},[44,131929,63],{"class":62},[44,131931,129],{"class":58},[44,131933,131934,131936,131938,131940],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,131935,136],{"class":135},[44,131937,120],{"class":58},[44,131939,34936],{"class":116},[44,131941,129],{"class":58},[981,131943,1675,131945,131947],{"id":131944},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131946,126600],{}," returns a new string",[20,131949,131950],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[981,131952,131954],{"id":131953},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131956,131957],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131959,131960,131961,131963],{},"Use simple ",[15,131962,4296],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131965,131966,131967,113],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[625,131968,90648],{"href":90647},[30,131970,68137],{"id":68136},[20,131972,131973],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[35,131975,131977],{"className":37,"code":131976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131978,131979,131989,132003,132032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131980,131981,131983,131985,131987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131982,136],{"class":135},[44,131984,120],{"class":58},[44,131986,34936],{"class":116},[44,131988,129],{"class":58},[44,131990,131991,131993,131995,131997,131999,132001],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131992,136],{"class":135},[44,131994,120],{"class":58},[44,131996,2249],{"class":2248},[44,131998,120],{"class":58},[44,132000,1282],{"class":116},[44,132002,2239],{"class":58},[44,132004,132005,132007,132009,132011,132014,132016,132018,132020,132022,132024,132026,132028,132030],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,132006,136],{"class":135},[44,132008,120],{"class":58},[44,132010,63],{"class":62},[44,132012,132013],{"class":66},"Hello ",[44,132015,4296],{"class":95},[44,132017,63],{"class":62},[44,132019,113],{"class":58},[44,132021,130320],{"class":116},[44,132023,120],{"class":58},[44,132025,63],{"class":62},[44,132027,8173],{"class":66},[44,132029,63],{"class":62},[44,132031,2239],{"class":58},[44,132033,132034,132036,132038,132040,132042,132044],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,132035,32378],{"class":135},[44,132037,120],{"class":58},[44,132039,3950],{"class":2248},[44,132041,113],{"class":58},[44,132043,130320],{"class":25189},[44,132045,129],{"class":58},[20,132047,132048],{},"Use them to check:",[252,132050,132051,132054,132057,132060],{},[255,132052,132053],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[255,132055,132056],{},"what type your value has",[255,132058,132059],{},"whether a small test example works",[255,132061,132062,132063],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,132064,132065],{},"str.format",[30,132067,2301],{"id":2300},[981,132069,130101,132071,13182],{"id":132070},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,132072,126600],{},[20,132074,132075],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[981,132077,132079],{"id":132078},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,132081,132082,132083,132085],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,132084,4296],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[981,132087,132089,132090,2363],{"id":132088},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,132091,126600],{},[20,132093,132094,132095,132098],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,132096,132097],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[981,132100,15359,132102,132104],{"id":132101},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,132103,126600],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,132106,132107,132108,132110],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,132109,126600],{}," is still useful and common.",[30,132112,2375],{"id":2374},[252,132114,132115,132119,132123,132129,132135],{},[255,132116,132117],{},[625,132118,125352],{"href":51213},[255,132120,132121],{},[625,132122,90925],{"href":89934},[255,132124,132125],{},[625,132126,4083,132127,4016],{"href":46685},[15,132128,46688],{},[255,132130,132131],{},[625,132132,4083,132133,4016],{"href":42409},[15,132134,47920],{},[255,132136,132137],{},[625,132138,90648],{"href":90647},[2414,132140,132141],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":132143},[132144,132145,132147,132148,132149,132150,132151,132152,132154,132163,132164,132173],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":130387,"depth":102,"text":132146},"What the format() method does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":130668,"depth":102,"text":130669},{"id":130930,"depth":102,"text":130931},{"id":131161,"depth":102,"text":131162},{"id":582,"depth":102,"text":583},{"id":131464,"depth":102,"text":132153},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":132155},[132156,132157,132158,132160,132162],{"id":131585,"depth":132,"text":131586},{"id":131702,"depth":132,"text":131703},{"id":131814,"depth":132,"text":132159},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131944,"depth":132,"text":132161},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131953,"depth":132,"text":131954},{"id":68136,"depth":102,"text":68137},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":132165},[132166,132168,132169,132171],{"id":132070,"depth":132,"text":132167},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":132078,"depth":132,"text":132079},{"id":132088,"depth":132,"text":132170},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":132101,"depth":132,"text":132172},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130247,"description":132174},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132181,"title":132182,"body":132183,"description":133663,"extension":2465,"meta":133664,"navigation":169,"path":133665,"seo":133666,"stem":133667,"__hash__":133668},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132184,"toc":133635},[132185,132190,132195,132200,132202,132264,132271,132277,132282,132284,132300,132302,132373,132375,132389,132392,132442,132444,132446,132473,132476,132491,132494,132535,132538,132583,132590,132639,132641,132649,132651,132669,132671,132764,132772,132813,132818,132825,132831,132838,132841,132845,132946,132948,132970,132974,133027,133030,133033,133039,133046,133048,133087,133089,133107,133117,133124,133207,133210,133217,133224,133231,133235,133243,133289,133293,133302,133367,133372,133377,133388,133390,133395,133422,133424,133527,133530,133550,133552,133557,133560,133564,133568,133575,133584,133590,133593,133599,133601,133603,133632],[10,132186,123597,132188,18],{"id":132187},"python-string-index-method",[15,132189,59208],{},[20,132191,123602,132192,132194],{},[15,132193,59208],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,132196,132197,132198,113],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,132199,40937],{},[30,132201,2507],{"id":2506},[35,132203,132205],{"className":37,"code":132204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,132206,132207,132219,132241,132251,132255,132259],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132208,132209,132211,132213,132215,132217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132210,34915],{"class":50},[44,132212,55],{"class":54},[44,132214,75],{"class":62},[44,132216,60647],{"class":66},[44,132218,3865],{"class":62},[44,132220,132221,132223,132225,132227,132229,132231,132233,132235,132237,132239],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132222,65161],{"class":50},[44,132224,55],{"class":54},[44,132226,43076],{"class":50},[44,132228,113],{"class":58},[44,132230,36075],{"class":116},[44,132232,120],{"class":58},[44,132234,63],{"class":62},[44,132236,60832],{"class":66},[44,132238,63],{"class":62},[44,132240,129],{"class":58},[44,132242,132243,132245,132247,132249],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,132244,136],{"class":135},[44,132246,120],{"class":58},[44,132248,65188],{"class":116},[44,132250,129],{"class":58},[44,132252,132253],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,132254,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,132256,132257],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,132258,91066],{"class":147},[44,132260,132261],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,132262,132263],{"class":147},"# 6\n",[20,132265,227,132266,132268,132269,113],{},[15,132267,59208],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132270,40937],{},[30,132272,243,132274,246],{"id":132273},"what-strindex-does",[15,132275,132276],{},"str.index()",[20,132278,132279,132281],{},[15,132280,132276],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132283,13515],{},[252,132285,132286,132289,132292,132295],{},[255,132287,132288],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[255,132290,132291],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[255,132293,132294],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[255,132296,30518,132297,132299],{},[15,132298,40937],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132301,269],{},[35,132303,132305],{"className":37,"code":132304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132306,132307,132319,132323,132348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132308,132309,132311,132313,132315,132317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132310,34915],{"class":50},[44,132312,55],{"class":54},[44,132314,75],{"class":62},[44,132316,4591],{"class":66},[44,132318,3865],{"class":62},[44,132320,132321],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132322,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,132324,132325,132327,132329,132331,132333,132335,132337,132339,132341,132343,132345],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,132326,136],{"class":135},[44,132328,120],{"class":58},[44,132330,34936],{"class":116},[44,132332,113],{"class":58},[44,132334,36075],{"class":116},[44,132336,120],{"class":58},[44,132338,63],{"class":62},[44,132340,625],{"class":66},[44,132342,63],{"class":62},[44,132344,532],{"class":58},[44,132346,132347],{"class":147},"     # 1\n",[44,132349,132350,132352,132354,132356,132358,132360,132362,132364,132366,132368,132370],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,132351,136],{"class":135},[44,132353,120],{"class":58},[44,132355,34936],{"class":116},[44,132357,113],{"class":58},[44,132359,36075],{"class":116},[44,132361,120],{"class":58},[44,132363,63],{"class":62},[44,132365,123690],{"class":66},[44,132367,63],{"class":62},[44,132369,532],{"class":58},[44,132371,132372],{"class":147},"    # 2\n",[20,132374,2684],{},[252,132376,132377,132383],{},[255,132378,132379,128810,132381],{},[15,132380,18548],{},[15,132382,1588],{},[255,132384,132385,128810,132387],{},[15,132386,128809],{},[15,132388,2561],{},[20,132390,132391],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[35,132393,132395],{"className":37,"code":132394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132396,132397,132409,132413,132437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132398,132399,132401,132403,132405,132407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132400,34915],{"class":50},[44,132402,55],{"class":54},[44,132404,75],{"class":62},[44,132406,35095],{"class":66},[44,132408,3865],{"class":62},[44,132410,132411],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132412,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,132414,132415,132417,132419,132421,132423,132425,132427,132429,132431,132433,132435],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,132416,136],{"class":135},[44,132418,120],{"class":58},[44,132420,34936],{"class":116},[44,132422,113],{"class":58},[44,132424,36075],{"class":116},[44,132426,120],{"class":58},[44,132428,63],{"class":62},[44,132430,51429],{"class":66},[44,132432,63],{"class":62},[44,132434,532],{"class":58},[44,132436,566],{"class":147},[44,132438,132439],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,132440,132441],{"class":147},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[30,132443,392],{"id":391},[20,132445,2666],{},[35,132447,132449],{"className":37,"code":132448,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132450,132451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132452,132453,132455,132457,132459,132461,132463,132465,132467,132469,132471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132454,61415],{"class":50},[44,132456,113],{"class":58},[44,132458,36075],{"class":116},[44,132460,120],{"class":58},[44,132462,1282],{"class":116},[44,132464,83],{"class":58},[44,132466,36281],{"class":116},[44,132468,83],{"class":58},[44,132470,65282],{"class":116},[44,132472,129],{"class":58},[20,132474,132475],{},"Parameters:",[252,132477,132478,132482,132486],{},[255,132479,132480,123789],{},[15,132481,1282],{},[255,132483,132484,128856],{},[15,132485,36302],{},[255,132487,132488,132490],{},[15,132489,52899],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132492,132493],{},"You can use just the value:",[35,132495,132497],{"className":37,"code":132496,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132498,132499,132511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132500,132501,132503,132505,132507,132509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132502,34915],{"class":50},[44,132504,55],{"class":54},[44,132506,75],{"class":62},[44,132508,39],{"class":66},[44,132510,3865],{"class":62},[44,132512,132513,132515,132517,132519,132521,132523,132525,132527,132529,132531,132533],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132514,136],{"class":135},[44,132516,120],{"class":58},[44,132518,34936],{"class":116},[44,132520,113],{"class":58},[44,132522,36075],{"class":116},[44,132524,120],{"class":58},[44,132526,63],{"class":62},[44,132528,63528],{"class":66},[44,132530,63],{"class":62},[44,132532,532],{"class":58},[44,132534,51653],{"class":147},[20,132536,132537],{},"Or include a start position:",[35,132539,132541],{"className":37,"code":132540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132542,132543,132555],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132544,132545,132547,132549,132551,132553],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132546,34915],{"class":50},[44,132548,55],{"class":54},[44,132550,75],{"class":62},[44,132552,4591],{"class":66},[44,132554,3865],{"class":62},[44,132556,132557,132559,132561,132563,132565,132567,132569,132571,132573,132575,132577,132579,132581],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132558,136],{"class":135},[44,132560,120],{"class":58},[44,132562,34936],{"class":116},[44,132564,113],{"class":58},[44,132566,36075],{"class":116},[44,132568,120],{"class":58},[44,132570,63],{"class":62},[44,132572,625],{"class":66},[44,132574,63],{"class":62},[44,132576,83],{"class":58},[44,132578,1717],{"class":95},[44,132580,532],{"class":58},[44,132582,51008],{"class":147},[20,132584,132585,132586,976,132588,72],{},"Or include both ",[15,132587,36302],{},[15,132589,52899],{},[35,132591,132593],{"className":37,"code":132592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132594,132595,132607],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132596,132597,132599,132601,132603,132605],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132598,34915],{"class":50},[44,132600,55],{"class":54},[44,132602,75],{"class":62},[44,132604,4591],{"class":66},[44,132606,3865],{"class":62},[44,132608,132609,132611,132613,132615,132617,132619,132621,132623,132625,132627,132629,132631,132633,132635,132637],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132610,136],{"class":135},[44,132612,120],{"class":58},[44,132614,34936],{"class":116},[44,132616,113],{"class":58},[44,132618,36075],{"class":116},[44,132620,120],{"class":58},[44,132622,63],{"class":62},[44,132624,625],{"class":66},[44,132626,63],{"class":62},[44,132628,83],{"class":58},[44,132630,1717],{"class":95},[44,132632,83],{"class":58},[44,132634,5108],{"class":95},[44,132636,532],{"class":58},[44,132638,51008],{"class":147},[30,132640,38252],{"id":38251},[20,132642,28932,132643,132645,132646,113],{},[15,132644,59208],{}," is a ",[590,132647,132648],{},"zero-based index",[20,132650,2613],{},[252,132652,132653,132659,132664],{},[255,132654,132655,132656,132658],{},"Index ",[15,132657,2626],{}," is the first character",[255,132660,132655,132661,132663],{},[15,132662,1588],{}," is the second character",[255,132665,132655,132666,132668],{},[15,132667,2561],{}," is the third character",[20,132670,269],{},[35,132672,132674],{"className":37,"code":132673,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132675,132676,132688,132692,132716,132740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132677,132678,132680,132682,132684,132686],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132679,34915],{"class":50},[44,132681,55],{"class":54},[44,132683,75],{"class":62},[44,132685,37278],{"class":66},[44,132687,3865],{"class":62},[44,132689,132690],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132691,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,132693,132694,132696,132698,132700,132702,132704,132706,132708,132710,132712,132714],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,132695,136],{"class":135},[44,132697,120],{"class":58},[44,132699,34936],{"class":116},[44,132701,113],{"class":58},[44,132703,36075],{"class":116},[44,132705,120],{"class":58},[44,132707,63],{"class":62},[44,132709,696],{"class":66},[44,132711,63],{"class":62},[44,132713,532],{"class":58},[44,132715,51485],{"class":147},[44,132717,132718,132720,132722,132724,132726,132728,132730,132732,132734,132736,132738],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,132719,136],{"class":135},[44,132721,120],{"class":58},[44,132723,34936],{"class":116},[44,132725,113],{"class":58},[44,132727,36075],{"class":116},[44,132729,120],{"class":58},[44,132731,63],{"class":62},[44,132733,625],{"class":66},[44,132735,63],{"class":62},[44,132737,532],{"class":58},[44,132739,1762],{"class":147},[44,132741,132742,132744,132746,132748,132750,132752,132754,132756,132758,132760,132762],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,132743,136],{"class":135},[44,132745,120],{"class":58},[44,132747,34936],{"class":116},[44,132749,113],{"class":58},[44,132751,36075],{"class":116},[44,132753,120],{"class":58},[44,132755,63],{"class":62},[44,132757,63528],{"class":66},[44,132759,63],{"class":62},[44,132761,532],{"class":58},[44,132763,51653],{"class":147},[20,132765,132766,132768,132769,132771],{},[15,132767,59208],{}," returns only the ",[590,132770,30133],{}," matching position.",[35,132773,132775],{"className":37,"code":132774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132776,132777,132789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132778,132779,132781,132783,132785,132787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132780,34915],{"class":50},[44,132782,55],{"class":54},[44,132784,75],{"class":62},[44,132786,4591],{"class":66},[44,132788,3865],{"class":62},[44,132790,132791,132793,132795,132797,132799,132801,132803,132805,132807,132809,132811],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132792,136],{"class":135},[44,132794,120],{"class":58},[44,132796,34936],{"class":116},[44,132798,113],{"class":58},[44,132800,36075],{"class":116},[44,132802,120],{"class":58},[44,132804,63],{"class":62},[44,132806,625],{"class":66},[44,132808,63],{"class":62},[44,132810,532],{"class":58},[44,132812,1762],{"class":147},[20,132814,21421,132815,132817],{},[15,132816,18548],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132819,132820,132821,113],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[625,132822,132823,11221],{"href":125047},[15,132824,58830],{},[30,132826,1785,132827,976,132829],{"id":65648},[15,132828,36302],{},[15,132830,52899],{},[20,132832,2482,132833,976,132835,132837],{},[15,132834,36302],{},[15,132836,52899],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132839,132840],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132842,46276,132843,72],{},[15,132844,36302],{},[35,132846,132848],{"className":37,"code":132847,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132849,132850,132862,132866,132890,132918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132851,132852,132854,132856,132858,132860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132853,34915],{"class":50},[44,132855,55],{"class":54},[44,132857,75],{"class":62},[44,132859,4591],{"class":66},[44,132861,3865],{"class":62},[44,132863,132864],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132865,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,132867,132868,132870,132872,132874,132876,132878,132880,132882,132884,132886,132888],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,132869,136],{"class":135},[44,132871,120],{"class":58},[44,132873,34936],{"class":116},[44,132875,113],{"class":58},[44,132877,36075],{"class":116},[44,132879,120],{"class":58},[44,132881,63],{"class":62},[44,132883,625],{"class":66},[44,132885,63],{"class":62},[44,132887,532],{"class":58},[44,132889,51358],{"class":147},[44,132891,132892,132894,132896,132898,132900,132902,132904,132906,132908,132910,132912,132914,132916],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,132893,136],{"class":135},[44,132895,120],{"class":58},[44,132897,34936],{"class":116},[44,132899,113],{"class":58},[44,132901,36075],{"class":116},[44,132903,120],{"class":58},[44,132905,63],{"class":62},[44,132907,625],{"class":66},[44,132909,63],{"class":62},[44,132911,83],{"class":58},[44,132913,1717],{"class":95},[44,132915,532],{"class":58},[44,132917,51207],{"class":147},[44,132919,132920,132922,132924,132926,132928,132930,132932,132934,132936,132938,132940,132942,132944],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,132921,136],{"class":135},[44,132923,120],{"class":58},[44,132925,34936],{"class":116},[44,132927,113],{"class":58},[44,132929,36075],{"class":116},[44,132931,120],{"class":58},[44,132933,63],{"class":62},[44,132935,625],{"class":66},[44,132937,63],{"class":62},[44,132939,83],{"class":58},[44,132941,2961],{"class":95},[44,132943,532],{"class":58},[44,132945,50991],{"class":147},[20,132947,20403],{},[252,132949,132950,132957,132963],{},[255,132951,132952,132953,65838,132955],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132954,18548],{},[15,132956,1588],{},[255,132958,132959,132960,132962],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132961,2561],{}," skips that first match",[255,132964,132959,132965,132967,132968],{},[15,132966,3008],{}," finds the last ",[15,132969,18548],{},[20,132971,46276,132972,72],{},[15,132973,52899],{},[35,132975,132977],{"className":37,"code":132976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132978,132979,132991,132995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132980,132981,132983,132985,132987,132989],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132982,34915],{"class":50},[44,132984,55],{"class":54},[44,132986,75],{"class":62},[44,132988,4591],{"class":66},[44,132990,3865],{"class":62},[44,132992,132993],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132994,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,132996,132997,132999,133001,133003,133005,133007,133009,133011,133013,133015,133017,133019,133021,133023,133025],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,132998,136],{"class":135},[44,133000,120],{"class":58},[44,133002,34936],{"class":116},[44,133004,113],{"class":58},[44,133006,36075],{"class":116},[44,133008,120],{"class":58},[44,133010,63],{"class":62},[44,133012,76272],{"class":66},[44,133014,63],{"class":62},[44,133016,83],{"class":58},[44,133018,561],{"class":95},[44,133020,83],{"class":58},[44,133022,2961],{"class":95},[44,133024,532],{"class":58},[44,133026,51653],{"class":147},[20,133028,133029],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,133031,133032],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[30,133034,44448,133036,133038],{"id":133035},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,133037,59208],{}," causes an error",[20,133040,133041,133042,52733,133044,113],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,133043,59208],{},[15,133045,40937],{},[20,133047,269],{},[35,133049,133051],{"className":37,"code":133050,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,133052,133053,133065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133054,133055,133057,133059,133061,133063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133056,34915],{"class":50},[44,133058,55],{"class":54},[44,133060,75],{"class":62},[44,133062,4349],{"class":66},[44,133064,3865],{"class":62},[44,133066,133067,133069,133071,133073,133075,133077,133079,133081,133083,133085],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133068,136],{"class":135},[44,133070,120],{"class":58},[44,133072,34936],{"class":116},[44,133074,113],{"class":58},[44,133076,36075],{"class":116},[44,133078,120],{"class":58},[44,133080,63],{"class":62},[44,133082,22515],{"class":66},[44,133084,63],{"class":62},[44,133086,2239],{"class":58},[20,133088,2576],{},[35,133090,133092],{"className":37,"code":133091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,133093,133094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133095,133096,133098,133100,133103,133105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133097,40937],{"class":2248},[44,133099,72],{"class":58},[44,133101,133102],{"class":50}," substring ",[44,133104,592],{"class":54},[44,133106,66071],{"class":50},[20,133108,53580,133109,126563,133114,133116],{},[625,133110,133111],{"href":130241},[15,133112,133113],{},"str.find()",[15,133115,66096],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,133118,133119,133120,976,133122,72],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,133121,30028],{},[15,133123,30059],{},[35,133125,133127],{"className":37,"code":133126,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,133128,133129,133141,133145,133151,133174,133184,133192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133130,133131,133133,133135,133137,133139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133132,34915],{"class":50},[44,133134,55],{"class":54},[44,133136,75],{"class":62},[44,133138,4349],{"class":66},[44,133140,3865],{"class":62},[44,133142,133143],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133144,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,133146,133147,133149],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,133148,30028],{"class":1140},[44,133150,1359],{"class":58},[44,133152,133153,133156,133158,133160,133162,133164,133166,133168,133170,133172],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,133154,133155],{"class":50},"    position ",[44,133157,55],{"class":54},[44,133159,43076],{"class":50},[44,133161,113],{"class":58},[44,133163,36075],{"class":116},[44,133165,120],{"class":58},[44,133167,63],{"class":62},[44,133169,22515],{"class":66},[44,133171,63],{"class":62},[44,133173,129],{"class":58},[44,133175,133176,133178,133180,133182],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,133177,1387],{"class":135},[44,133179,120],{"class":58},[44,133181,65188],{"class":116},[44,133183,129],{"class":58},[44,133185,133186,133188,133190],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,133187,30059],{"class":1140},[44,133189,42160],{"class":2248},[44,133191,1359],{"class":58},[44,133193,133194,133196,133198,133200,133203,133205],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,133195,1387],{"class":135},[44,133197,120],{"class":58},[44,133199,63],{"class":62},[44,133201,133202],{"class":66},"Substring not found",[44,133204,63],{"class":62},[44,133206,129],{"class":58},[20,133208,133209],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,133211,42180,133212,113],{},[625,133213,26116,133215],{"href":133214},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,133216,129568],{},[30,133218,133220,967,133222],{"id":133219},"index-vs-find",[15,133221,59208],{},[15,133223,124592],{},[20,133225,133226,976,133228,133230],{},[15,133227,59208],{},[15,133229,124592],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[981,133232,133233],{"id":36075},[15,133234,59208],{},[252,133236,133237,133240],{},[255,133238,133239],{},"Returns the first match position",[255,133241,133242],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[35,133244,133246],{"className":37,"code":133245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133247,133248,133260,133284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133249,133250,133252,133254,133256,133258],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133251,34915],{"class":50},[44,133253,55],{"class":54},[44,133255,75],{"class":62},[44,133257,4349],{"class":66},[44,133259,3865],{"class":62},[44,133261,133262,133264,133266,133268,133270,133272,133274,133276,133278,133280,133282],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133263,136],{"class":135},[44,133265,120],{"class":58},[44,133267,34936],{"class":116},[44,133269,113],{"class":58},[44,133271,36075],{"class":116},[44,133273,120],{"class":58},[44,133275,63],{"class":62},[44,133277,60688],{"class":66},[44,133279,63],{"class":62},[44,133281,532],{"class":58},[44,133283,1762],{"class":147},[44,133285,133286],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,133287,133288],{"class":147},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[981,133290,133291],{"id":128622},[15,133292,124592],{},[252,133294,133295,133297],{},[255,133296,133239],{},[255,133298,11901,133299,133301],{},[15,133300,66096],{}," if nothing is found",[35,133303,133305],{"className":37,"code":133304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133306,133307,133319,133343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133308,133309,133311,133313,133315,133317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133310,34915],{"class":50},[44,133312,55],{"class":54},[44,133314,75],{"class":62},[44,133316,4349],{"class":66},[44,133318,3865],{"class":62},[44,133320,133321,133323,133325,133327,133329,133331,133333,133335,133337,133339,133341],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133322,136],{"class":135},[44,133324,120],{"class":58},[44,133326,34936],{"class":116},[44,133328,113],{"class":58},[44,133330,128622],{"class":116},[44,133332,120],{"class":58},[44,133334,63],{"class":62},[44,133336,60688],{"class":66},[44,133338,63],{"class":62},[44,133340,532],{"class":58},[44,133342,1762],{"class":147},[44,133344,133345,133347,133349,133351,133353,133355,133357,133359,133361,133363,133365],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,133346,136],{"class":135},[44,133348,120],{"class":58},[44,133350,34936],{"class":116},[44,133352,113],{"class":58},[44,133354,128622],{"class":116},[44,133356,120],{"class":58},[44,133358,63],{"class":62},[44,133360,22515],{"class":66},[44,133362,63],{"class":62},[44,133364,532],{"class":58},[44,133366,128978],{"class":147},[20,133368,227,133369,133371],{},[15,133370,59208],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133373,227,133374,133376],{},[15,133375,124592],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133378,133379,133380,3384,133385,113],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[625,133381,133382,133384],{"href":130241},[15,133383,133113],{}," method reference",[625,133386,127633],{"href":133387},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[30,133389,3335],{"id":3334},[20,133391,133392,133393,72],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133394,59208],{},[252,133396,133397,133400,133407,133412,133417],{},[255,133398,133399],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[255,133401,1904,133402,8950,133404,133406],{},[15,133403,59208],{},[15,133405,66096],{}," when no match exists",[255,133408,1785,133409,133411],{},[15,133410,59208],{}," on a value that may not be present",[255,133413,133414,133415],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133416,1588],{},[255,133418,5082,133419,133421],{},[15,133420,59208],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133423,62536],{},[35,133425,133427],{"className":37,"code":133426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133428,133429,133439,133453,133475,133497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133430,133431,133433,133435,133437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133432,136],{"class":135},[44,133434,120],{"class":58},[44,133436,34936],{"class":116},[44,133438,129],{"class":58},[44,133440,133441,133443,133445,133447,133449,133451],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133442,136],{"class":135},[44,133444,120],{"class":58},[44,133446,42013],{"class":135},[44,133448,120],{"class":58},[44,133450,34936],{"class":116},[44,133452,2239],{"class":58},[44,133454,133455,133457,133459,133461,133463,133465,133467,133469,133471,133473],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,133456,136],{"class":135},[44,133458,120],{"class":58},[44,133460,34936],{"class":116},[44,133462,113],{"class":58},[44,133464,36075],{"class":116},[44,133466,120],{"class":58},[44,133468,63],{"class":62},[44,133470,1282],{"class":66},[44,133472,63],{"class":62},[44,133474,2239],{"class":58},[44,133476,133477,133479,133481,133483,133485,133487,133489,133491,133493,133495],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,133478,136],{"class":135},[44,133480,120],{"class":58},[44,133482,34936],{"class":116},[44,133484,113],{"class":58},[44,133486,128622],{"class":116},[44,133488,120],{"class":58},[44,133490,63],{"class":62},[44,133492,1282],{"class":66},[44,133494,63],{"class":62},[44,133496,2239],{"class":58},[44,133498,133499,133501,133503,133505,133507,133509,133511,133513,133515,133517,133519,133521,133523,133525],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,133500,136],{"class":135},[44,133502,120],{"class":58},[44,133504,34936],{"class":116},[44,133506,113],{"class":58},[44,133508,36075],{"class":116},[44,133510,120],{"class":58},[44,133512,63],{"class":62},[44,133514,1282],{"class":66},[44,133516,63],{"class":62},[44,133518,83],{"class":58},[44,133520,36281],{"class":116},[44,133522,83],{"class":58},[44,133524,65282],{"class":116},[44,133526,2239],{"class":58},[20,133528,133529],{},"Tips:",[252,133531,133532,133537,133542,133545],{},[255,133533,227,133534,133536],{},[15,133535,126519],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[255,133538,227,133539,133541],{},[15,133540,124592],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[255,133543,133544],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[255,133546,133547,133548],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133549,2626],{},[30,133551,2301],{"id":2300},[981,133553,130101,133555,13182],{"id":133554},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133556,59208],{},[20,133558,133559],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[981,133561,133563],{"id":133562},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133565,77100,133566,113],{},[15,133567,40937],{},[981,133569,2358,133571,976,133573,2363],{"id":133570},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133572,59208],{},[15,133574,124592],{},[20,133576,133577,133579,133580,2901,133582,765],{},[15,133578,59208],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133581,124592],{},[15,133583,66096],{},[981,133585,5671,133587,133589],{"id":133586},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133588,59208],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133591,133592],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[981,133594,133596,133597,124933],{"id":133595},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133598,59208],{},[20,133600,130126],{},[30,133602,2375],{"id":2374},[252,133604,133605,133611,133615,133620,133626],{},[255,133606,133607],{},[625,133608,133609,11221],{"href":130241},[15,133610,133113],{},[255,133612,133613],{},[625,133614,124996],{"href":133387},[255,133616,133617],{},[625,133618,130202],{"href":133619},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[255,133621,133622],{},[625,133623,133624,11221],{"href":125047},[15,133625,58830],{},[255,133627,133628],{},[625,133629,30572,133630],{"href":133214},[15,133631,129568],{},[2414,133633,133634],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":133636},[133637,133638,133640,133641,133642,133643,133645,133650,133651,133662],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":132273,"depth":102,"text":133639},"What str.index() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":38251,"depth":102,"text":38252},{"id":65648,"depth":102,"text":66431},{"id":133035,"depth":102,"text":133644},"When index() causes an error",{"id":133219,"depth":102,"text":133646,"children":133647},"index() vs find()",[133648,133649],{"id":36075,"depth":132,"text":59208},{"id":128622,"depth":132,"text":124592},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":133652},[133653,133655,133656,133658,133660],{"id":133554,"depth":132,"text":133654},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133562,"depth":132,"text":133563},{"id":133570,"depth":132,"text":133657},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133586,"depth":132,"text":133659},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133595,"depth":132,"text":133661},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132182,"description":133663},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133670,"title":133671,"body":133672,"description":136447,"extension":2465,"meta":136448,"navigation":169,"path":136449,"seo":136450,"stem":136451,"__hash__":136452},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133673,"toc":136383},[133674,133680,133685,133688,133691,133702,133704,133773,133775,133789,133794,133799,133804,133806,133849,133851,133934,133936,133982,133988,133990,133992,134012,134014,134037,134039,134113,134115,134134,134139,134141,134145,134217,134219,134233,134237,134313,134315,134334,134338,134432,134434,134443,134450,134526,134528,134546,134550,134553,134560,134609,134611,134620,134627,134686,134688,134706,134709,134716,134775,134777,134795,134802,134859,134861,134870,134874,134879,134883,134942,134944,134962,134966,135013,135018,135021,135090,135092,135109,135116,135122,135177,135182,135185,135262,135264,135282,135288,135294,135354,135356,135375,135381,135384,135391,135444,135449,135451,135512,135521,135528,135530,135587,135592,135594,135665,135669,135724,135726,135735,135740,135746,135815,135817,135849,135855,135863,135870,135876,135941,135943,135952,135958,136039,136041,136050,136055,136069,136076,136080,136085,136113,136115,136248,136251,136288,136290,136296,136305,136310,136313,136318,136323,136329,136332,136341,136344,136346,136375,136380],[10,133675,123597,133677,18],{"id":133676},"python-string-join-method",[15,133678,133679],{},"join()",[20,133681,123602,133682,133684],{},[15,133683,133679],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133686,133687],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133689,133690],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[252,133692,133693,133699],{},[255,133694,133695,133696,133698],{},"You call ",[15,133697,133679],{}," on the separator string",[255,133700,133701],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[30,133703,33],{"id":32},[35,133705,133707],{"className":37,"code":133706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133708,133709,133742,133763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133710,133711,133713,133715,133717,133719,133721,133723,133725,133727,133729,133731,133733,133735,133738,133740],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133712,4573],{"class":50},[44,133714,55],{"class":54},[44,133716,1556],{"class":58},[44,133718,63],{"class":62},[44,133720,7793],{"class":66},[44,133722,63],{"class":62},[44,133724,83],{"class":58},[44,133726,75],{"class":62},[44,133728,12666],{"class":66},[44,133730,63],{"class":62},[44,133732,83],{"class":58},[44,133734,75],{"class":62},[44,133736,133737],{"class":66},"fun",[44,133739,63],{"class":62},[44,133741,1153],{"class":58},[44,133743,133744,133746,133748,133750,133752,133754,133757,133759,133761],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133745,1953],{"class":50},[44,133747,55],{"class":54},[44,133749,75],{"class":62},[44,133751,75],{"class":62},[44,133753,113],{"class":58},[44,133755,133756],{"class":116},"join",[44,133758,120],{"class":58},[44,133760,4617],{"class":116},[44,133762,129],{"class":58},[44,133764,133765,133767,133769,133771],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,133766,136],{"class":135},[44,133768,120],{"class":58},[44,133770,1984],{"class":116},[44,133772,129],{"class":58},[20,133774,2576],{},[35,133776,133778],{"className":37,"code":133777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python is fun\n",[15,133779,133780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133781,133782,133784,133786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133783,4083],{"class":50},[44,133785,12666],{"class":54},[44,133787,133788],{"class":50}," fun\n",[20,133790,227,133791,133793],{},[15,133792,133679],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[30,133795,243,133797,246],{"id":133796},"what-join-does",[15,133798,133679],{},[20,133800,133801,133803],{},[15,133802,133679],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133805,11935],{},[252,133807,133808,133815,133843,133846],{},[255,133809,133810,133811,133814],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133812,133813],{},".join()"," as the separator",[255,133816,133817,133818],{},"Common separators are:\n",[252,133819,133820,133826,133832,133838],{},[255,133821,133822,133825],{},[15,133823,133824],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[255,133827,133828,133831],{},[15,133829,133830],{},"\", \""," for commas",[255,133833,133834,133837],{},[15,133835,133836],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[255,133839,133840,133842],{},[15,133841,6773],{}," for no separator",[255,133844,133845],{},"It returns a new string",[255,133847,133848],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133850,269],{},[35,133852,133854],{"className":37,"code":133853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133855,133856,133888,133910,133914,133924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133857,133858,133860,133862,133864,133866,133868,133870,133872,133874,133876,133878,133880,133882,133884,133886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133859,4573],{"class":50},[44,133861,55],{"class":54},[44,133863,1556],{"class":58},[44,133865,63],{"class":62},[44,133867,13556],{"class":66},[44,133869,63],{"class":62},[44,133871,83],{"class":58},[44,133873,75],{"class":62},[44,133875,17907],{"class":66},[44,133877,63],{"class":62},[44,133879,83],{"class":58},[44,133881,75],{"class":62},[44,133883,13573],{"class":66},[44,133885,63],{"class":62},[44,133887,1153],{"class":58},[44,133889,133890,133892,133894,133896,133898,133900,133902,133904,133906,133908],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133891,1953],{"class":50},[44,133893,55],{"class":54},[44,133895,75],{"class":62},[44,133897,2695],{"class":66},[44,133899,63],{"class":62},[44,133901,113],{"class":58},[44,133903,133756],{"class":116},[44,133905,120],{"class":58},[44,133907,4617],{"class":116},[44,133909,129],{"class":58},[44,133911,133912],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,133913,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,133915,133916,133918,133920,133922],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,133917,136],{"class":135},[44,133919,120],{"class":58},[44,133921,1984],{"class":116},[44,133923,129],{"class":58},[44,133925,133926,133928,133930,133932],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,133927,136],{"class":135},[44,133929,120],{"class":58},[44,133931,4617],{"class":116},[44,133933,129],{"class":58},[20,133935,2576],{},[35,133937,133939],{"className":37,"code":133938,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133940,133941,133954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133942,133943,133945,133947,133950,133952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133944,13556],{"class":50},[44,133946,83],{"class":58},[44,133948,133949],{"class":50}," green",[44,133951,83],{"class":58},[44,133953,36110],{"class":50},[44,133955,133956,133958,133960,133962,133964,133966,133968,133970,133972,133974,133976,133978,133980],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133957,896],{"class":58},[44,133959,2197],{"class":62},[44,133961,13556],{"class":66},[44,133963,2197],{"class":62},[44,133965,83],{"class":58},[44,133967,2232],{"class":62},[44,133969,17907],{"class":66},[44,133971,2197],{"class":62},[44,133973,83],{"class":58},[44,133975,2232],{"class":62},[44,133977,13573],{"class":66},[44,133979,2197],{"class":62},[44,133981,1153],{"class":58},[20,133983,133984,133985,133987],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133986,133679],{}," creates a new string.",[30,133989,392],{"id":391},[20,133991,7714],{},[35,133993,133995],{"className":37,"code":133994,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133996,133997],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133998,133999,134002,134004,134006,134008,134010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134000,134001],{"class":50},"separator",[44,134003,113],{"class":58},[44,134005,133756],{"class":116},[44,134007,120],{"class":58},[44,134009,4224],{"class":116},[44,134011,129],{"class":58},[981,134013,49247],{"id":49246},[252,134015,134016,134029,134034],{},[255,134017,134018,134020,134021,2695,134023,2695,134025,2699,134027],{},[15,134019,134001],{}," is a string such as ",[15,134022,133824],{},[15,134024,133830],{},[15,134026,133836],{},[15,134028,6773],{},[255,134030,134031,134033],{},[15,134032,4224],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[255,134035,134036],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,134038,269],{},[35,134040,134042],{"className":37,"code":134041,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134043,134044,134076,134099,134103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134045,134046,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056,134058,134060,134062,134064,134066,134068,134070,134072,134074],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134047,5496],{"class":50},[44,134049,55],{"class":54},[44,134051,1556],{"class":58},[44,134053,63],{"class":62},[44,134055,78],{"class":66},[44,134057,63],{"class":62},[44,134059,83],{"class":58},[44,134061,75],{"class":62},[44,134063,36170],{"class":66},[44,134065,63],{"class":62},[44,134067,83],{"class":58},[44,134069,75],{"class":62},[44,134071,36179],{"class":66},[44,134073,63],{"class":62},[44,134075,1153],{"class":58},[44,134077,134078,134080,134082,134084,134087,134089,134091,134093,134095,134097],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134079,1953],{"class":50},[44,134081,55],{"class":54},[44,134083,75],{"class":62},[44,134085,134086],{"class":66}," | ",[44,134088,63],{"class":62},[44,134090,113],{"class":58},[44,134092,133756],{"class":116},[44,134094,120],{"class":58},[44,134096,5540],{"class":116},[44,134098,129],{"class":58},[44,134100,134101],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,134102,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,134104,134105,134107,134109,134111],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,134106,136],{"class":135},[44,134108,120],{"class":58},[44,134110,1984],{"class":116},[44,134112,129],{"class":58},[20,134114,2576],{},[35,134116,134118],{"className":37,"code":134117,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,134119,134120],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134121,134122,134125,134127,134130,134132],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134123,134124],{"class":50},"Ana ",[44,134126,114104],{"class":54},[44,134128,134129],{"class":50}," Ben ",[44,134131,114104],{"class":54},[44,134133,36251],{"class":50},[20,134135,134136,134137,113],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[625,134138,125352],{"href":51213},[30,134140,122128],{"id":122127},[981,134142,134144],{"id":134143},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[35,134146,134148],{"className":37,"code":134147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134149,134150,134183,134203,134207],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134151,134152,134154,134156,134158,134160,134162,134164,134166,134168,134170,134172,134174,134176,134179,134181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134153,4573],{"class":50},[44,134155,55],{"class":54},[44,134157,1556],{"class":58},[44,134159,63],{"class":62},[44,134161,7793],{"class":66},[44,134163,63],{"class":62},[44,134165,83],{"class":58},[44,134167,75],{"class":62},[44,134169,12666],{"class":66},[44,134171,63],{"class":62},[44,134173,83],{"class":58},[44,134175,75],{"class":62},[44,134177,134178],{"class":66},"easy",[44,134180,63],{"class":62},[44,134182,1153],{"class":58},[44,134184,134185,134187,134189,134191,134193,134195,134197,134199,134201],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134186,1953],{"class":50},[44,134188,55],{"class":54},[44,134190,75],{"class":62},[44,134192,75],{"class":62},[44,134194,113],{"class":58},[44,134196,133756],{"class":116},[44,134198,120],{"class":58},[44,134200,4617],{"class":116},[44,134202,129],{"class":58},[44,134204,134205],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,134206,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,134208,134209,134211,134213,134215],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,134210,136],{"class":135},[44,134212,120],{"class":58},[44,134214,1984],{"class":116},[44,134216,129],{"class":58},[20,134218,2576],{},[35,134220,134222],{"className":37,"code":134221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python is easy\n",[15,134223,134224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134225,134226,134228,134230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134227,4083],{"class":50},[44,134229,12666],{"class":54},[44,134231,134232],{"class":50}," easy\n",[981,134234,134236],{"id":134235},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[35,134238,134240],{"className":37,"code":134239,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134241,134242,134277,134299,134303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134243,134244,134246,134248,134250,134252,134255,134257,134259,134261,134264,134266,134268,134270,134273,134275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134245,8276],{"class":50},[44,134247,55],{"class":54},[44,134249,1556],{"class":58},[44,134251,63],{"class":62},[44,134253,134254],{"class":66},"apples",[44,134256,63],{"class":62},[44,134258,83],{"class":58},[44,134260,75],{"class":62},[44,134262,134263],{"class":66},"bananas",[44,134265,63],{"class":62},[44,134267,83],{"class":58},[44,134269,75],{"class":62},[44,134271,134272],{"class":66},"oranges",[44,134274,63],{"class":62},[44,134276,1153],{"class":58},[44,134278,134279,134281,134283,134285,134287,134289,134291,134293,134295,134297],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134280,1953],{"class":50},[44,134282,55],{"class":54},[44,134284,75],{"class":62},[44,134286,2695],{"class":66},[44,134288,63],{"class":62},[44,134290,113],{"class":58},[44,134292,133756],{"class":116},[44,134294,120],{"class":58},[44,134296,8305],{"class":116},[44,134298,129],{"class":58},[44,134300,134301],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,134302,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,134304,134305,134307,134309,134311],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,134306,136],{"class":135},[44,134308,120],{"class":58},[44,134310,1984],{"class":116},[44,134312,129],{"class":58},[20,134314,2576],{},[35,134316,134318],{"className":37,"code":134317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134319,134320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134321,134322,134324,134326,134329,134331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134323,134254],{"class":50},[44,134325,83],{"class":58},[44,134327,134328],{"class":50}," bananas",[44,134330,83],{"class":58},[44,134332,134333],{"class":50}," oranges\n",[981,134335,134337],{"id":134336},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[35,134339,134341],{"className":37,"code":134340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134342,134343,134400,134418,134422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134344,134345,134347,134349,134351,134353,134356,134358,134360,134362,134364,134366,134368,134370,134372,134374,134376,134378,134380,134382,134384,134386,134388,134390,134392,134394,134396,134398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134346,36320],{"class":50},[44,134348,55],{"class":54},[44,134350,1556],{"class":58},[44,134352,63],{"class":62},[44,134354,134355],{"class":66},"P",[44,134357,63],{"class":62},[44,134359,83],{"class":58},[44,134361,75],{"class":62},[44,134363,1710],{"class":66},[44,134365,63],{"class":62},[44,134367,83],{"class":58},[44,134369,75],{"class":62},[44,134371,63528],{"class":66},[44,134373,63],{"class":62},[44,134375,83],{"class":58},[44,134377,75],{"class":62},[44,134379,60679],{"class":66},[44,134381,63],{"class":62},[44,134383,83],{"class":58},[44,134385,75],{"class":62},[44,134387,60714],{"class":66},[44,134389,63],{"class":62},[44,134391,83],{"class":58},[44,134393,75],{"class":62},[44,134395,76272],{"class":66},[44,134397,63],{"class":62},[44,134399,1153],{"class":58},[44,134401,134402,134404,134406,134408,134410,134412,134414,134416],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134403,1953],{"class":50},[44,134405,55],{"class":54},[44,134407,6627],{"class":62},[44,134409,113],{"class":58},[44,134411,133756],{"class":116},[44,134413,120],{"class":58},[44,134415,36373],{"class":116},[44,134417,129],{"class":58},[44,134419,134420],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,134421,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,134423,134424,134426,134428,134430],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,134425,136],{"class":135},[44,134427,120],{"class":58},[44,134429,1984],{"class":116},[44,134431,129],{"class":58},[20,134433,2576],{},[35,134435,134437],{"className":37,"code":134436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python\n",[15,134438,134439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134440,134441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134442,134436],{"class":50},[981,134444,134446,134447,134449],{"id":134445},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134448,133679],{}," returns the result",[35,134451,134453],{"className":37,"code":134452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134454,134455,134488,134511,134515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134456,134457,134459,134461,134463,134465,134467,134469,134471,134473,134475,134477,134479,134481,134484,134486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134458,4573],{"class":50},[44,134460,55],{"class":54},[44,134462,1556],{"class":58},[44,134464,63],{"class":62},[44,134466,2069],{"class":66},[44,134468,63],{"class":62},[44,134470,83],{"class":58},[44,134472,75],{"class":62},[44,134474,79513],{"class":66},[44,134476,63],{"class":62},[44,134478,83],{"class":58},[44,134480,75],{"class":62},[44,134482,134483],{"class":66},"three",[44,134485,63],{"class":62},[44,134487,1153],{"class":58},[44,134489,134490,134493,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134491,134492],{"class":50},"joined_text ",[44,134494,55],{"class":54},[44,134496,75],{"class":62},[44,134498,2526],{"class":66},[44,134500,63],{"class":62},[44,134502,113],{"class":58},[44,134504,133756],{"class":116},[44,134506,120],{"class":58},[44,134508,4617],{"class":116},[44,134510,129],{"class":58},[44,134512,134513],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,134514,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,134516,134517,134519,134521,134524],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,134518,136],{"class":135},[44,134520,120],{"class":58},[44,134522,134523],{"class":116},"joined_text",[44,134525,129],{"class":58},[20,134527,2576],{},[35,134529,134531],{"className":37,"code":134530,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"one-two-three\n",[15,134532,134533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134534,134535,134537,134539,134541,134543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134536,2069],{"class":50},[44,134538,2526],{"class":54},[44,134540,79513],{"class":50},[44,134542,2526],{"class":54},[44,134544,134545],{"class":50},"three\n",[30,134547,134549],{"id":134548},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134551,134552],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[981,134554,134556,134559],{"id":134555},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134557,134558],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[35,134561,134563],{"className":37,"code":134562,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134564,134565,134589],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134566,134567,134569,134571,134573,134575,134577,134579,134581,134583,134585,134587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134568,4573],{"class":50},[44,134570,55],{"class":54},[44,134572,1556],{"class":58},[44,134574,63],{"class":62},[44,134576,4349],{"class":66},[44,134578,63],{"class":62},[44,134580,83],{"class":58},[44,134582,75],{"class":62},[44,134584,60832],{"class":66},[44,134586,63],{"class":62},[44,134588,1153],{"class":58},[44,134590,134591,134593,134595,134597,134599,134601,134603,134605,134607],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134592,136],{"class":135},[44,134594,120],{"class":58},[44,134596,63],{"class":62},[44,134598,75],{"class":62},[44,134600,113],{"class":58},[44,134602,133756],{"class":116},[44,134604,120],{"class":58},[44,134606,4617],{"class":116},[44,134608,2239],{"class":58},[20,134610,2576],{},[35,134612,134614],{"className":37,"code":134613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\n",[15,134615,134616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134617,134618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134619,134613],{"class":50},[981,134621,134623,134626],{"id":134622},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134624,134625],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[35,134628,134630],{"className":37,"code":134629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134631,134632,134664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134633,134634,134636,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650,134652,134654,134656,134658,134660,134662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134635,13539],{"class":50},[44,134637,55],{"class":54},[44,134639,1556],{"class":58},[44,134641,63],{"class":62},[44,134643,13556],{"class":66},[44,134645,63],{"class":62},[44,134647,83],{"class":58},[44,134649,75],{"class":62},[44,134651,13573],{"class":66},[44,134653,63],{"class":62},[44,134655,83],{"class":58},[44,134657,75],{"class":62},[44,134659,17907],{"class":66},[44,134661,63],{"class":62},[44,134663,1153],{"class":58},[44,134665,134666,134668,134670,134672,134674,134676,134678,134680,134682,134684],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134667,136],{"class":135},[44,134669,120],{"class":58},[44,134671,63],{"class":62},[44,134673,2695],{"class":66},[44,134675,63],{"class":62},[44,134677,113],{"class":58},[44,134679,133756],{"class":116},[44,134681,120],{"class":58},[44,134683,17954],{"class":116},[44,134685,2239],{"class":58},[20,134687,2576],{},[35,134689,134691],{"className":37,"code":134690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134692,134693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134694,134695,134697,134699,134702,134704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134696,13556],{"class":50},[44,134698,83],{"class":58},[44,134700,134701],{"class":50}," blue",[44,134703,83],{"class":58},[44,134705,36103],{"class":50},[20,134707,134708],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[981,134710,134712,134715],{"id":134711},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134713,134714],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[35,134717,134719],{"className":37,"code":134718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134720,134721,134753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134722,134723,134725,134727,134729,134731,134733,134735,134737,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747,134749,134751],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134724,43071],{"class":50},[44,134726,55],{"class":54},[44,134728,1556],{"class":58},[44,134730,63],{"class":62},[44,134732,39],{"class":66},[44,134734,63],{"class":62},[44,134736,83],{"class":58},[44,134738,75],{"class":62},[44,134740,61415],{"class":66},[44,134742,63],{"class":62},[44,134744,83],{"class":58},[44,134746,75],{"class":62},[44,134748,133756],{"class":66},[44,134750,63],{"class":62},[44,134752,1153],{"class":58},[44,134754,134755,134757,134759,134761,134763,134765,134767,134769,134771,134773],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134756,136],{"class":135},[44,134758,120],{"class":58},[44,134760,63],{"class":62},[44,134762,2526],{"class":66},[44,134764,63],{"class":62},[44,134766,113],{"class":58},[44,134768,133756],{"class":116},[44,134770,120],{"class":58},[44,134772,43103],{"class":116},[44,134774,2239],{"class":58},[20,134776,2576],{},[35,134778,134780],{"className":37,"code":134779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"python-string-join\n",[15,134781,134782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134783,134784,134786,134788,134790,134792],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134785,39],{"class":50},[44,134787,2526],{"class":54},[44,134789,61415],{"class":50},[44,134791,2526],{"class":54},[44,134793,134794],{"class":50},"join\n",[981,134796,134798,134801],{"id":134797},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134799,134800],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[35,134803,134805],{"className":37,"code":134804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134806,134807,134840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134808,134809,134811,134813,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134836,134838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134810,113176],{"class":50},[44,134812,55],{"class":54},[44,134814,1556],{"class":58},[44,134816,63],{"class":62},[44,134818,22683],{"class":66},[44,134820,63],{"class":62},[44,134822,83],{"class":58},[44,134824,75],{"class":62},[44,134826,30825],{"class":66},[44,134828,63],{"class":62},[44,134830,83],{"class":58},[44,134832,75],{"class":62},[44,134834,134835],{"class":66},"C",[44,134837,63],{"class":62},[44,134839,1153],{"class":58},[44,134841,134842,134844,134846,134848,134850,134852,134854,134857],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134843,136],{"class":135},[44,134845,120],{"class":58},[44,134847,6773],{"class":62},[44,134849,113],{"class":58},[44,134851,133756],{"class":116},[44,134853,120],{"class":58},[44,134855,134856],{"class":116},"chars",[44,134858,2239],{"class":58},[20,134860,2576],{},[35,134862,134864],{"className":37,"code":134863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ABC\n",[15,134865,134866],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134867,134868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134869,134863],{"class":34680},[30,134871,134873],{"id":134872},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134875,134876,134878],{},[15,134877,133679],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[981,134880,134882],{"id":134881},"this-works","This works",[35,134884,134886],{"className":37,"code":134885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134887,134888,134920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134889,134890,134892,134894,134896,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134891,4327],{"class":50},[44,134893,55],{"class":54},[44,134895,1556],{"class":58},[44,134897,63],{"class":62},[44,134899,1559],{"class":66},[44,134901,63],{"class":62},[44,134903,83],{"class":58},[44,134905,75],{"class":62},[44,134907,16210],{"class":66},[44,134909,63],{"class":62},[44,134911,83],{"class":58},[44,134913,75],{"class":62},[44,134915,37072],{"class":66},[44,134917,63],{"class":62},[44,134919,1153],{"class":58},[44,134921,134922,134924,134926,134928,134930,134932,134934,134936,134938,134940],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134923,136],{"class":135},[44,134925,120],{"class":58},[44,134927,63],{"class":62},[44,134929,2695],{"class":66},[44,134931,63],{"class":62},[44,134933,113],{"class":58},[44,134935,133756],{"class":116},[44,134937,120],{"class":58},[44,134939,5860],{"class":116},[44,134941,2239],{"class":58},[20,134943,2576],{},[35,134945,134947],{"className":37,"code":134946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134948,134949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134950,134951,134953,134955,134957,134959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134952,1559],{"class":95},[44,134954,83],{"class":58},[44,134956,646],{"class":95},[44,134958,83],{"class":58},[44,134960,134961],{"class":95}," 30\n",[981,134963,134965],{"id":134964},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[35,134967,134969],{"className":37,"code":134968,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134970,134971,134991],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134972,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987,134989],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134974,4327],{"class":50},[44,134976,55],{"class":54},[44,134978,1556],{"class":58},[44,134980,1588],{"class":95},[44,134982,83],{"class":58},[44,134984,1717],{"class":95},[44,134986,83],{"class":58},[44,134988,2955],{"class":95},[44,134990,1153],{"class":58},[44,134992,134993,134995,134997,134999,135001,135003,135005,135007,135009,135011],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134994,136],{"class":135},[44,134996,120],{"class":58},[44,134998,63],{"class":62},[44,135000,2695],{"class":66},[44,135002,63],{"class":62},[44,135004,113],{"class":58},[44,135006,133756],{"class":116},[44,135008,120],{"class":58},[44,135010,5860],{"class":116},[44,135012,2239],{"class":58},[20,135014,90553,135015,135017],{},[15,135016,3511],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,135019,135020],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[35,135022,135024],{"className":37,"code":135023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135025,135026,135046,135076,135080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135027,135028,135030,135032,135034,135036,135038,135040,135042,135044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135029,4327],{"class":50},[44,135031,55],{"class":54},[44,135033,1556],{"class":58},[44,135035,1588],{"class":95},[44,135037,83],{"class":58},[44,135039,1717],{"class":95},[44,135041,83],{"class":58},[44,135043,2955],{"class":95},[44,135045,1153],{"class":58},[44,135047,135048,135050,135052,135054,135056,135058,135060,135062,135064,135066,135068,135070,135072,135074],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135049,1953],{"class":50},[44,135051,55],{"class":54},[44,135053,75],{"class":62},[44,135055,2695],{"class":66},[44,135057,63],{"class":62},[44,135059,113],{"class":58},[44,135061,133756],{"class":116},[44,135063,120],{"class":58},[44,135065,40092],{"class":135},[44,135067,120],{"class":58},[44,135069,3950],{"class":2248},[44,135071,83],{"class":58},[44,135073,4388],{"class":116},[44,135075,2239],{"class":58},[44,135077,135078],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,135079,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,135081,135082,135084,135086,135088],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,135083,136],{"class":135},[44,135085,120],{"class":58},[44,135087,1984],{"class":116},[44,135089,129],{"class":58},[20,135091,2576],{},[35,135093,135095],{"className":37,"code":135094,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,135096,135097],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135098,135099,135101,135103,135105,135107],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135100,1588],{"class":95},[44,135102,83],{"class":58},[44,135104,1717],{"class":95},[44,135106,83],{"class":58},[44,135108,3081],{"class":95},[20,135110,135111,135112,113],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[625,135113,4083,135114,4016],{"href":42409},[15,135115,47920],{},[981,135117,135119,135121],{"id":135118},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,135120,4282],{}," values do not work directly",[35,135123,135125],{"className":37,"code":135124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135126,135127,135155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135128,135129,135131,135133,135135,135137,135139,135141,135143,135145,135147,135149,135151,135153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135130,4327],{"class":50},[44,135132,55],{"class":54},[44,135134,1556],{"class":58},[44,135136,63],{"class":62},[44,135138,4582],{"class":66},[44,135140,63],{"class":62},[44,135142,83],{"class":58},[44,135144,1267],{"class":1266},[44,135146,83],{"class":58},[44,135148,75],{"class":62},[44,135150,4591],{"class":66},[44,135152,63],{"class":62},[44,135154,1153],{"class":58},[44,135156,135157,135159,135161,135163,135165,135167,135169,135171,135173,135175],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135158,136],{"class":135},[44,135160,120],{"class":58},[44,135162,63],{"class":62},[44,135164,2695],{"class":66},[44,135166,63],{"class":62},[44,135168,113],{"class":58},[44,135170,133756],{"class":116},[44,135172,120],{"class":58},[44,135174,5860],{"class":116},[44,135176,2239],{"class":58},[20,135178,135179,135180,113],{},"This also causes a ",[15,135181,3511],{},[20,135183,135184],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[35,135186,135188],{"className":37,"code":135187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135189,135190,135218,135248,135252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135191,135192,135194,135196,135198,135200,135202,135204,135206,135208,135210,135212,135214,135216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135193,4327],{"class":50},[44,135195,55],{"class":54},[44,135197,1556],{"class":58},[44,135199,63],{"class":62},[44,135201,4582],{"class":66},[44,135203,63],{"class":62},[44,135205,83],{"class":58},[44,135207,1267],{"class":1266},[44,135209,83],{"class":58},[44,135211,75],{"class":62},[44,135213,4591],{"class":66},[44,135215,63],{"class":62},[44,135217,1153],{"class":58},[44,135219,135220,135222,135224,135226,135228,135230,135232,135234,135236,135238,135240,135242,135244,135246],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135221,1953],{"class":50},[44,135223,55],{"class":54},[44,135225,75],{"class":62},[44,135227,2695],{"class":66},[44,135229,63],{"class":62},[44,135231,113],{"class":58},[44,135233,133756],{"class":116},[44,135235,120],{"class":58},[44,135237,40092],{"class":135},[44,135239,120],{"class":58},[44,135241,3950],{"class":2248},[44,135243,83],{"class":58},[44,135245,4388],{"class":116},[44,135247,2239],{"class":58},[44,135249,135250],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,135251,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,135253,135254,135256,135258,135260],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,135255,136],{"class":135},[44,135257,120],{"class":58},[44,135259,1984],{"class":116},[44,135261,129],{"class":58},[20,135263,2576],{},[35,135265,135267],{"className":37,"code":135266,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135268,135269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135270,135271,135273,135275,135277,135279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135272,4582],{"class":50},[44,135274,83],{"class":58},[44,135276,1267],{"class":1266},[44,135278,83],{"class":58},[44,135280,135281],{"class":50}," banana\n",[20,135283,135284,135285,135287],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135286,4282],{}," values instead of converting them.",[981,135289,135291,135293],{"id":135290},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135292,133679],{}," also works with tuples",[35,135295,135297],{"className":37,"code":135296,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135298,135299,135331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135300,135301,135303,135305,135307,135309,135311,135313,135315,135317,135319,135321,135323,135325,135327,135329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135302,5496],{"class":50},[44,135304,55],{"class":54},[44,135306,9728],{"class":58},[44,135308,63],{"class":62},[44,135310,8173],{"class":66},[44,135312,63],{"class":62},[44,135314,83],{"class":58},[44,135316,75],{"class":62},[44,135318,131685],{"class":66},[44,135320,63],{"class":62},[44,135322,83],{"class":58},[44,135324,75],{"class":62},[44,135326,1814],{"class":66},[44,135328,63],{"class":62},[44,135330,129],{"class":58},[44,135332,135333,135335,135337,135339,135342,135344,135346,135348,135350,135352],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135334,136],{"class":135},[44,135336,120],{"class":58},[44,135338,63],{"class":62},[44,135340,135341],{"class":66}," \u002F ",[44,135343,63],{"class":62},[44,135345,113],{"class":58},[44,135347,133756],{"class":116},[44,135349,120],{"class":58},[44,135351,5540],{"class":116},[44,135353,2239],{"class":58},[20,135355,2576],{},[35,135357,135359],{"className":37,"code":135358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135360,135361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135362,135363,135366,135368,135371,135373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135364,135365],{"class":50},"Sam ",[44,135367,127489],{"class":54},[44,135369,135370],{"class":50}," Lee ",[44,135372,127489],{"class":54},[44,135374,22772],{"class":50},[30,135376,135378,135379],{"id":135377},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135380,133679],{},[20,135382,135383],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[981,135385,135387,135388,135390],{"id":135386},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135389,3511],{}," because not all items are strings",[35,135392,135394],{"className":37,"code":135393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135395,135396,135424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135397,135398,135400,135402,135404,135406,135408,135410,135412,135414,135416,135418,135420,135422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135399,8276],{"class":50},[44,135401,55],{"class":54},[44,135403,1556],{"class":58},[44,135405,63],{"class":62},[44,135407,625],{"class":66},[44,135409,63],{"class":62},[44,135411,83],{"class":58},[44,135413,1717],{"class":95},[44,135415,83],{"class":58},[44,135417,75],{"class":62},[44,135419,696],{"class":66},[44,135421,63],{"class":62},[44,135423,1153],{"class":58},[44,135425,135426,135428,135430,135432,135434,135436,135438,135440,135442],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135427,136],{"class":135},[44,135429,120],{"class":58},[44,135431,63],{"class":62},[44,135433,75],{"class":62},[44,135435,113],{"class":58},[44,135437,133756],{"class":116},[44,135439,120],{"class":58},[44,135441,8305],{"class":116},[44,135443,2239],{"class":58},[20,135445,48747,135446,135448],{},[15,135447,2561],{}," is an integer.",[20,135450,39494],{},[35,135452,135454],{"className":37,"code":135453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135455,135456,135484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135457,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474,135476,135478,135480,135482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135459,8276],{"class":50},[44,135461,55],{"class":54},[44,135463,1556],{"class":58},[44,135465,63],{"class":62},[44,135467,625],{"class":66},[44,135469,63],{"class":62},[44,135471,83],{"class":58},[44,135473,1717],{"class":95},[44,135475,83],{"class":58},[44,135477,75],{"class":62},[44,135479,696],{"class":66},[44,135481,63],{"class":62},[44,135483,1153],{"class":58},[44,135485,135486,135488,135490,135492,135494,135496,135498,135500,135502,135504,135506,135508,135510],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135487,136],{"class":135},[44,135489,120],{"class":58},[44,135491,63],{"class":62},[44,135493,75],{"class":62},[44,135495,113],{"class":58},[44,135497,133756],{"class":116},[44,135499,120],{"class":58},[44,135501,40092],{"class":135},[44,135503,120],{"class":58},[44,135505,3950],{"class":2248},[44,135507,83],{"class":58},[44,135509,6467],{"class":116},[44,135511,3418],{"class":58},[20,135513,135514,135515,113],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[625,135516,26116,135518],{"href":135517},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135519,135520],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[981,135522,135524,135525,135527],{"id":135523},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135526,133679],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135529,5028],{},[35,135531,135533],{"className":37,"code":135532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135534,135535,135567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135536,135537,135539,135541,135543,135545,135547,135549,135551,135553,135555,135557,135559,135561,135563,135565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135538,4573],{"class":50},[44,135540,55],{"class":54},[44,135542,1556],{"class":58},[44,135544,63],{"class":62},[44,135546,7793],{"class":66},[44,135548,63],{"class":62},[44,135550,83],{"class":58},[44,135552,75],{"class":62},[44,135554,12666],{"class":66},[44,135556,63],{"class":62},[44,135558,83],{"class":58},[44,135560,75],{"class":62},[44,135562,133737],{"class":66},[44,135564,63],{"class":62},[44,135566,1153],{"class":58},[44,135568,135569,135571,135573,135575,135577,135579,135581,135583,135585],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135570,1953],{"class":50},[44,135572,55],{"class":54},[44,135574,6669],{"class":50},[44,135576,113],{"class":58},[44,135578,133756],{"class":116},[44,135580,120],{"class":58},[44,135582,63],{"class":62},[44,135584,75],{"class":62},[44,135586,129],{"class":58},[20,135588,135589,135591],{},[15,135590,133679],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135593,11288],{},[35,135595,135597],{"className":37,"code":135596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135598,135599,135631,135651,135655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135600,135601,135603,135605,135607,135609,135611,135613,135615,135617,135619,135621,135623,135625,135627,135629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135602,4573],{"class":50},[44,135604,55],{"class":54},[44,135606,1556],{"class":58},[44,135608,63],{"class":62},[44,135610,7793],{"class":66},[44,135612,63],{"class":62},[44,135614,83],{"class":58},[44,135616,75],{"class":62},[44,135618,12666],{"class":66},[44,135620,63],{"class":62},[44,135622,83],{"class":58},[44,135624,75],{"class":62},[44,135626,133737],{"class":66},[44,135628,63],{"class":62},[44,135630,1153],{"class":58},[44,135632,135633,135635,135637,135639,135641,135643,135645,135647,135649],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135634,1953],{"class":50},[44,135636,55],{"class":54},[44,135638,75],{"class":62},[44,135640,75],{"class":62},[44,135642,113],{"class":58},[44,135644,133756],{"class":116},[44,135646,120],{"class":58},[44,135648,4617],{"class":116},[44,135650,129],{"class":58},[44,135652,135653],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,135654,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,135656,135657,135659,135661,135663],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,135658,136],{"class":135},[44,135660,120],{"class":58},[44,135662,1984],{"class":116},[44,135664,129],{"class":58},[981,135666,135668],{"id":135667},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[35,135670,135672],{"className":37,"code":135671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135673,135674,135706],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135675,135676,135678,135680,135682,135684,135686,135688,135690,135692,135694,135696,135698,135700,135702,135704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135677,4573],{"class":50},[44,135679,55],{"class":54},[44,135681,1556],{"class":58},[44,135683,63],{"class":62},[44,135685,2069],{"class":66},[44,135687,63],{"class":62},[44,135689,83],{"class":58},[44,135691,75],{"class":62},[44,135693,79513],{"class":66},[44,135695,63],{"class":62},[44,135697,83],{"class":58},[44,135699,75],{"class":62},[44,135701,134483],{"class":66},[44,135703,63],{"class":62},[44,135705,1153],{"class":58},[44,135707,135708,135710,135712,135714,135716,135718,135720,135722],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135709,136],{"class":135},[44,135711,120],{"class":58},[44,135713,6773],{"class":62},[44,135715,113],{"class":58},[44,135717,133756],{"class":116},[44,135719,120],{"class":58},[44,135721,4617],{"class":116},[44,135723,2239],{"class":58},[20,135725,2576],{},[35,135727,135729],{"className":37,"code":135728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"onetwothree\n",[15,135730,135731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135732,135733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135734,135728],{"class":50},[20,135736,135737,135738,765],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135739,133824],{},[981,135741,135743,135744,131947],{"id":135742},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135745,133679],{},[35,135747,135749],{"className":37,"code":135748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135750,135751,135783,135801,135805],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135752,135753,135755,135757,135759,135761,135763,135765,135767,135769,135771,135773,135775,135777,135779,135781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135754,4573],{"class":50},[44,135756,55],{"class":54},[44,135758,1556],{"class":58},[44,135760,63],{"class":62},[44,135762,625],{"class":66},[44,135764,63],{"class":62},[44,135766,83],{"class":58},[44,135768,75],{"class":62},[44,135770,639],{"class":66},[44,135772,63],{"class":62},[44,135774,83],{"class":58},[44,135776,75],{"class":62},[44,135778,696],{"class":66},[44,135780,63],{"class":62},[44,135782,1153],{"class":58},[44,135784,135785,135787,135789,135791,135793,135795,135797,135799],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135786,63],{"class":43563},[44,135788,2526],{"class":43567},[44,135790,63],{"class":43563},[44,135792,113],{"class":58},[44,135794,133756],{"class":116},[44,135796,120],{"class":58},[44,135798,4617],{"class":116},[44,135800,129],{"class":58},[44,135802,135803],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,135804,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,135806,135807,135809,135811,135813],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,135808,136],{"class":135},[44,135810,120],{"class":58},[44,135812,4617],{"class":116},[44,135814,129],{"class":58},[20,135816,2576],{},[35,135818,135819],{"className":37,"code":43110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,135820,135821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135822,135823,135825,135827,135829,135831,135833,135835,135837,135839,135841,135843,135845,135847],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135824,896],{"class":58},[44,135826,2197],{"class":62},[44,135828,625],{"class":66},[44,135830,2197],{"class":62},[44,135832,83],{"class":58},[44,135834,2232],{"class":62},[44,135836,639],{"class":66},[44,135838,2197],{"class":62},[44,135840,83],{"class":58},[44,135842,2232],{"class":62},[44,135844,696],{"class":66},[44,135846,2197],{"class":62},[44,135848,1153],{"class":58},[20,135850,135851,135852,135854],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135853,133679],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[30,135856,135858,135860,135861],{"id":135857},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135859,133679],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135862,2564],{},[20,135864,973,135865,976,135867,135869],{},[15,135866,133679],{},[15,135868,2564],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[981,135871,227,135873,135875],{"id":135872},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135874,2564],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[35,135877,135879],{"className":37,"code":135878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135880,135881,135894,135907,135927,135931],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135882,135883,135886,135888,135890,135892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135884,135885],{"class":50},"first ",[44,135887,55],{"class":54},[44,135889,75],{"class":62},[44,135891,35095],{"class":66},[44,135893,3865],{"class":62},[44,135895,135896,135899,135901,135903,135905],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135897,135898],{"class":50},"second ",[44,135900,55],{"class":54},[44,135902,75],{"class":62},[44,135904,89982],{"class":66},[44,135906,3865],{"class":62},[44,135908,135909,135911,135913,135916,135918,135920,135922,135924],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,135910,1953],{"class":50},[44,135912,55],{"class":54},[44,135914,135915],{"class":50}," first ",[44,135917,2564],{"class":54},[44,135919,75],{"class":62},[44,135921,75],{"class":62},[44,135923,2958],{"class":54},[44,135925,135926],{"class":50}," second\n",[44,135928,135929],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,135930,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,135932,135933,135935,135937,135939],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,135934,136],{"class":135},[44,135936,120],{"class":58},[44,135938,1984],{"class":116},[44,135940,129],{"class":58},[20,135942,2576],{},[35,135944,135946],{"className":37,"code":135945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello World\n",[15,135947,135948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135949,135950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135951,135945],{"class":50},[981,135953,227,135955,135957],{"id":135954},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135956,133679],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[35,135959,135961],{"className":37,"code":135960,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135962,135963,136005,136025,136029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135964,135965,135967,135969,135971,135973,135975,135977,135979,135981,135984,135986,135988,135990,135993,135995,135997,135999,136001,136003],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135966,4573],{"class":50},[44,135968,55],{"class":54},[44,135970,1556],{"class":58},[44,135972,63],{"class":62},[44,135974,7793],{"class":66},[44,135976,63],{"class":62},[44,135978,83],{"class":58},[44,135980,75],{"class":62},[44,135982,135983],{"class":66},"makes",[44,135985,63],{"class":62},[44,135987,83],{"class":58},[44,135989,75],{"class":62},[44,135991,135992],{"class":66},"this",[44,135994,63],{"class":62},[44,135996,83],{"class":58},[44,135998,75],{"class":62},[44,136000,134178],{"class":66},[44,136002,63],{"class":62},[44,136004,1153],{"class":58},[44,136006,136007,136009,136011,136013,136015,136017,136019,136021,136023],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136008,1953],{"class":50},[44,136010,55],{"class":54},[44,136012,75],{"class":62},[44,136014,75],{"class":62},[44,136016,113],{"class":58},[44,136018,133756],{"class":116},[44,136020,120],{"class":58},[44,136022,4617],{"class":116},[44,136024,129],{"class":58},[44,136026,136027],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,136028,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,136030,136031,136033,136035,136037],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,136032,136],{"class":135},[44,136034,120],{"class":58},[44,136036,1984],{"class":116},[44,136038,129],{"class":58},[20,136040,2576],{},[35,136042,136044],{"className":37,"code":136043,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,136045,136046],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136047,136048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136049,136043],{"class":50},[20,136051,136052,136054],{},[15,136053,133679],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[252,136056,136057,136060,136063],{},[255,136058,136059],{},"You already have a list of strings",[255,136061,136062],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[255,136064,136065,136066,136068],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,136067,2564],{}," operators",[20,136070,136071,136072,113],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[625,136073,136075],{"href":136074},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[30,136077,136079],{"id":136078},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,136081,2154,136082,136084],{},[15,136083,133679],{}," is not working, check these first:",[252,136086,136087,136090,136095,136104,136110],{},[255,136088,136089],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[255,136091,136092,136093],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,136094,4282],{},[255,136096,136097,136098,2037,136101],{},"You may have written ",[15,136099,136100],{},"list.join(...)",[15,136102,136103],{},"string.join(...)",[255,136105,136106,136107,136109],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,136108,133679],{}," to change the original iterable",[255,136111,136112],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,136114,94622],{},[35,136116,136118],{"className":37,"code":136117,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,136119,136120,136134,136144,136168,136208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136121,136122,136124,136126,136128,136130,136132],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136123,136],{"class":135},[44,136125,120],{"class":58},[44,136127,2249],{"class":2248},[44,136129,120],{"class":58},[44,136131,8305],{"class":116},[44,136133,2239],{"class":58},[44,136135,136136,136138,136140,136142],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136137,136],{"class":135},[44,136139,120],{"class":58},[44,136141,8305],{"class":116},[44,136143,129],{"class":58},[44,136145,136146,136148,136150,136152,136154,136156,136158,136160,136162,136164,136166],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,136147,136],{"class":135},[44,136149,3492],{"class":58},[44,136151,2249],{"class":2248},[44,136153,120],{"class":58},[44,136155,23749],{"class":116},[44,136157,144],{"class":58},[44,136159,4379],{"class":1140},[44,136161,6462],{"class":116},[44,136163,4385],{"class":1140},[44,136165,6467],{"class":116},[44,136167,4391],{"class":58},[44,136169,136170,136172,136174,136176,136178,136180,136182,136184,136186,136188,136190,136192,136194,136196,136198,136200,136202,136204,136206],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,136171,136],{"class":135},[44,136173,120],{"class":58},[44,136175,2197],{"class":62},[44,136177,2232],{"class":62},[44,136179,113],{"class":58},[44,136181,133756],{"class":116},[44,136183,3492],{"class":58},[44,136185,2197],{"class":62},[44,136187,625],{"class":66},[44,136189,2197],{"class":62},[44,136191,83],{"class":58},[44,136193,2232],{"class":62},[44,136195,639],{"class":66},[44,136197,2197],{"class":62},[44,136199,83],{"class":58},[44,136201,2232],{"class":62},[44,136203,696],{"class":66},[44,136205,2197],{"class":62},[44,136207,3505],{"class":58},[44,136209,136210,136212,136214,136216,136218,136220,136222,136224,136226,136228,136230,136232,136234,136236,136238,136240,136242,136244,136246],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,136211,136],{"class":135},[44,136213,120],{"class":58},[44,136215,2197],{"class":62},[44,136217,2695],{"class":66},[44,136219,2197],{"class":62},[44,136221,113],{"class":58},[44,136223,133756],{"class":116},[44,136225,120],{"class":58},[44,136227,40092],{"class":135},[44,136229,120],{"class":58},[44,136231,3950],{"class":2248},[44,136233,83],{"class":58},[44,136235,1556],{"class":58},[44,136237,1588],{"class":95},[44,136239,83],{"class":58},[44,136241,1717],{"class":95},[44,136243,83],{"class":58},[44,136245,2955],{"class":95},[44,136247,37496],{"class":58},[20,136249,136250],{},"What these checks do:",[252,136252,136253,136261,136267,136273,136282],{},[255,136254,136255,136258,136259,8591],{},[15,136256,136257],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136260,8305],{},[255,136262,136263,136266],{},[15,136264,136265],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[255,136268,136269,136272],{},[15,136270,136271],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[255,136274,136275,136278,136279,136281],{},[15,136276,136277],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136280,133679],{}," behavior",[255,136283,136284,136287],{},[15,136285,136286],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[30,136289,2301],{"id":2300},[981,136291,2329,136293,136295],{"id":136292},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136294,133679],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136297,136298,136299,136301,136302,113],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136300,133679],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136303,136304],{},"map(str, values)",[981,136306,2329,136308,57403],{"id":136307},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136309,133679],{},[20,136311,136312],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[981,136314,2339,136316,62876],{"id":136315},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136317,133679],{},[20,136319,42386,136320,136322],{},[15,136321,133679],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[981,136324,5643,136326,40193],{"id":136325},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136327,136328],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136330,136331],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[981,136333,136335,136336,136338,136339,2363],{"id":136334},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136337,3511],{}," when using ",[15,136340,133679],{},[20,136342,136343],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[30,136345,2375],{"id":2374},[252,136347,136348,136353,136359,136365,136371],{},[255,136349,136350],{},[625,136351,136352],{"href":136074},"How to join strings in Python",[255,136354,136355],{},[625,136356,126597,136357,11221],{"href":129284},[15,136358,60772],{},[255,136360,136361],{},[625,136362,4083,136363,4016],{"href":42409},[15,136364,47920],{},[255,136366,136367],{},[625,136368,30572,136369],{"href":135517},[15,136370,135520],{},[255,136372,136373],{},[625,136374,125352],{"href":51213},[20,136376,97592,136377,136379],{},[15,136378,133679],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2414,136381,136382],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":136384},[136385,136386,136388,136391,136398,136408,136416,136426,136433,136434,136446],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":133796,"depth":102,"text":136387},"What join() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392,"children":136389},[136390],{"id":49246,"depth":132,"text":49247},{"id":122127,"depth":102,"text":122128,"children":136392},[136393,136394,136395,136396],{"id":134143,"depth":132,"text":134144},{"id":134235,"depth":132,"text":134236},{"id":134336,"depth":132,"text":134337},{"id":134445,"depth":132,"text":136397},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134548,"depth":102,"text":134549,"children":136399},[136400,136402,136404,136406],{"id":134555,"depth":132,"text":136401},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134622,"depth":132,"text":136403},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134711,"depth":132,"text":136405},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134797,"depth":132,"text":136407},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134872,"depth":102,"text":134873,"children":136409},[136410,136411,136412,136414],{"id":134881,"depth":132,"text":134882},{"id":134964,"depth":132,"text":134965},{"id":135118,"depth":132,"text":136413},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135290,"depth":132,"text":136415},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135377,"depth":102,"text":136417,"children":136418},"Common errors with join()",[136419,136421,136423,136424],{"id":135386,"depth":132,"text":136420},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135523,"depth":132,"text":136422},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135667,"depth":132,"text":135668},{"id":135742,"depth":132,"text":136425},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135857,"depth":102,"text":136427,"children":136428},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136429,136431],{"id":135872,"depth":132,"text":136430},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135954,"depth":132,"text":136432},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":136078,"depth":102,"text":136079},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":136435},[136436,136438,136440,136442,136444],{"id":136292,"depth":132,"text":136437},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136307,"depth":132,"text":136439},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136315,"depth":132,"text":136441},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136325,"depth":132,"text":136443},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136334,"depth":132,"text":136445},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133671,"description":136447},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136454,"title":136455,"body":136456,"description":138024,"extension":2465,"meta":138025,"navigation":169,"path":138026,"seo":138027,"stem":138028,"__hash__":138029},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136457,"toc":137991},[136458,136463,136468,136470,136484,136529,136536,136541,136546,136548,136564,136573,136575,136577,136592,136594,136604,136606,136668,136670,136673,136734,136736,136752,136754,136767,136770,136817,136819,136825,136828,136831,136891,136899,136985,136989,136994,136996,137010,137013,137098,137101,137159,137170,137225,137227,137234,137240,137246,137290,137293,137340,137342,137344,137351,137353,137384,137387,137389,137420,137424,137427,137429,137469,137471,137514,137520,137525,137527,137554,137559,137562,137611,137615,137618,137693,137704,137707,137764,137771,137777,137785,137790,137797,137804,137822,137824,137878,137886,137888,137893,137896,137902,137908,137913,137916,137922,137928,137935,137943,137945,137988],[10,136459,123597,136461,18],{"id":136460},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136462,124327],{},[20,136464,123602,136465,136467],{},[15,136466,124327],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136469,24526],{},[252,136471,136472,136475,136478,136481],{},[255,136473,136474],{},"convert text to lowercase",[255,136476,136477],{},"compare text without case differences",[255,136479,136480],{},"clean up user input",[255,136482,136483],{},"make simple text matching easier",[35,136485,136487],{"className":37,"code":136486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136488,136489,136502,136516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136490,136491,136493,136495,136497,136500],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136492,34915],{"class":50},[44,136494,55],{"class":54},[44,136496,75],{"class":62},[44,136498,136499],{"class":66},"Hello WORLD",[44,136501,3865],{"class":62},[44,136503,136504,136506,136508,136510,136512,136514],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136505,1953],{"class":50},[44,136507,55],{"class":54},[44,136509,43076],{"class":50},[44,136511,113],{"class":58},[44,136513,9135],{"class":116},[44,136515,9138],{"class":58},[44,136517,136518,136520,136522,136524,136526],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,136519,136],{"class":135},[44,136521,120],{"class":58},[44,136523,1984],{"class":116},[44,136525,144],{"class":58},[44,136527,136528],{"class":147},"  # hello world\n",[20,136530,136531,89205,136533,136535],{},[590,136532,84063],{},[15,136534,124327],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[30,136537,243,136539,246],{"id":136538},"what-lower-does",[15,136540,124327],{},[20,136542,136543,136545],{},[15,136544,124327],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136547,13515],{},[252,136549,136550,136555,136558,136561],{},[255,136551,136552,136554],{},[15,136553,124327],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[255,136556,136557],{},"It works on string objects",[255,136559,136560],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[255,136562,136563],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136565,125349,136566,136570,136571,113],{},[625,136567,136569],{"href":136568},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[625,136572,51214],{"href":51213},[30,136574,392],{"id":391},[20,136576,2666],{},[35,136578,136580],{"className":37,"code":136579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.lower()\n",[15,136581,136582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136583,136584,136586,136588,136590],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136585,61415],{"class":50},[44,136587,113],{"class":58},[44,136589,9135],{"class":116},[44,136591,9138],{"class":58},[20,136593,43885],{},[252,136595,136596,136598,136601],{},[255,136597,97770],{},[255,136599,136600],{},"You call it directly on a string",[255,136602,136603],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136605,269],{},[35,136607,136609],{"className":37,"code":136608,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136610,136611,136634,136638,136651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136612,136613,136615,136617,136619,136622,136624,136626,136628,136631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136614,136],{"class":135},[44,136616,120],{"class":58},[44,136618,63],{"class":62},[44,136620,136621],{"class":66},"HELLO",[44,136623,63],{"class":62},[44,136625,113],{"class":58},[44,136627,9135],{"class":116},[44,136629,136630],{"class":58},"())",[44,136632,136633],{"class":147},"  # hello\n",[44,136635,136636],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136637,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,136639,136640,136642,136644,136646,136649],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,136641,8372],{"class":50},[44,136643,55],{"class":54},[44,136645,75],{"class":62},[44,136647,136648],{"class":66},"PyThOn",[44,136650,3865],{"class":62},[44,136652,136653,136655,136657,136659,136661,136663,136665],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,136654,136],{"class":135},[44,136656,120],{"class":58},[44,136658,67],{"class":116},[44,136660,113],{"class":58},[44,136662,9135],{"class":116},[44,136664,136630],{"class":58},[44,136666,136667],{"class":147},"  # python\n",[30,136669,11952],{"id":11951},[20,136671,136672],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[35,136674,136676],{"className":37,"code":136675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136677,136678,136690,136694,136709,136713,136724],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136679,136680,136682,136684,136686,136688],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136681,34915],{"class":50},[44,136683,55],{"class":54},[44,136685,75],{"class":62},[44,136687,136499],{"class":66},[44,136689,3865],{"class":62},[44,136691,136692],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136693,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,136695,136696,136699,136701,136703,136705,136707],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,136697,136698],{"class":50},"lower_text ",[44,136700,55],{"class":54},[44,136702,43076],{"class":50},[44,136704,113],{"class":58},[44,136706,9135],{"class":116},[44,136708,9138],{"class":58},[44,136710,136711],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,136712,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,136714,136715,136717,136719,136722],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,136716,136],{"class":135},[44,136718,120],{"class":58},[44,136720,136721],{"class":116},"lower_text",[44,136723,129],{"class":58},[44,136725,136726,136728,136730,136732],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,136727,136],{"class":135},[44,136729,120],{"class":58},[44,136731,34936],{"class":116},[44,136733,129],{"class":58},[20,136735,2576],{},[35,136737,136739],{"className":37,"code":136738,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136740,136741,136745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136742,136743],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136744,134613],{"class":50},[44,136746,136747,136749],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136748,132013],{"class":50},[44,136750,136751],{"class":34680},"WORLD\n",[20,136753,25046],{},[252,136755,136756,136761],{},[255,136757,136758,136760],{},[15,136759,124327],{}," returns the lowercase result",[255,136762,136763,136764,136766],{},"the original ",[15,136765,34936],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136768,136769],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[35,136771,136773],{"className":37,"code":136772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136774,136775,136787,136801,136805],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136776,136777,136779,136781,136783,136785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136778,34915],{"class":50},[44,136780,55],{"class":54},[44,136782,75],{"class":62},[44,136784,136499],{"class":66},[44,136786,3865],{"class":62},[44,136788,136789,136791,136793,136795,136797,136799],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136790,34915],{"class":50},[44,136792,55],{"class":54},[44,136794,43076],{"class":50},[44,136796,113],{"class":58},[44,136798,9135],{"class":116},[44,136800,9138],{"class":58},[44,136802,136803],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,136804,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,136806,136807,136809,136811,136813,136815],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,136808,136],{"class":135},[44,136810,120],{"class":58},[44,136812,34936],{"class":116},[44,136814,144],{"class":58},[44,136816,136528],{"class":147},[30,136818,583],{"id":582},[20,136820,136821,22413,136823,113],{},[15,136822,124327],{},[590,136824,61415],{},[20,136826,136827],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136829,136830],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[35,136832,136834],{"className":37,"code":136833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136835,136836,136850,136854,136877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136837,136838,136841,136843,136845,136848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136839,136840],{"class":50},"answer ",[44,136842,55],{"class":54},[44,136844,75],{"class":62},[44,136846,136847],{"class":66},"YES",[44,136849,3865],{"class":62},[44,136851,136852],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136853,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,136855,136856,136858,136861,136863,136865,136867,136869,136871,136873,136875],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,136857,1345],{"class":1140},[44,136859,136860],{"class":50}," answer",[44,136862,113],{"class":58},[44,136864,9135],{"class":116},[44,136866,7862],{"class":58},[44,136868,6909],{"class":54},[44,136870,75],{"class":62},[44,136872,9153],{"class":66},[44,136874,63],{"class":62},[44,136876,1359],{"class":58},[44,136878,136879,136881,136883,136885,136887,136889],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,136880,1387],{"class":135},[44,136882,120],{"class":58},[44,136884,63],{"class":62},[44,136886,97079],{"class":66},[44,136888,63],{"class":62},[44,136890,129],{"class":58},[20,136892,136893,136894,72],{},"This is especially useful with ",[625,136895,136896,136897,2807],{"href":8714},"the ",[15,136898,3464],{},[35,136900,136902],{"className":37,"code":136901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136903,136904,136923,136927,136949,136964,136970],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136905,136906,136908,136910,136912,136914,136916,136919,136921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136907,136840],{"class":50},[44,136909,55],{"class":54},[44,136911,8737],{"class":135},[44,136913,120],{"class":58},[44,136915,63],{"class":62},[44,136917,136918],{"class":66},"Type yes or no: ",[44,136920,63],{"class":62},[44,136922,129],{"class":58},[44,136924,136925],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136926,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,136928,136929,136931,136933,136935,136937,136939,136941,136943,136945,136947],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,136930,1345],{"class":1140},[44,136932,136860],{"class":50},[44,136934,113],{"class":58},[44,136936,9135],{"class":116},[44,136938,7862],{"class":58},[44,136940,6909],{"class":54},[44,136942,75],{"class":62},[44,136944,9153],{"class":66},[44,136946,63],{"class":62},[44,136948,1359],{"class":58},[44,136950,136951,136953,136955,136957,136960,136962],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,136952,1387],{"class":135},[44,136954,120],{"class":58},[44,136956,63],{"class":62},[44,136958,136959],{"class":66},"You typed yes",[44,136961,63],{"class":62},[44,136963,129],{"class":58},[44,136965,136966,136968],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,136967,1398],{"class":1140},[44,136969,1359],{"class":58},[44,136971,136972,136974,136976,136978,136981,136983],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,136973,1387],{"class":135},[44,136975,120],{"class":58},[44,136977,63],{"class":62},[44,136979,136980],{"class":66},"You typed something else",[44,136982,63],{"class":62},[44,136984,129],{"class":58},[30,136986,136988],{"id":136987},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136990,136991,136993],{},[15,136992,124327],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136995,7839],{},[252,136997,136998,137001,137004,137007],{},[255,136999,137000],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[255,137002,137003],{},"Make text matching easier",[255,137005,137006],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[255,137008,137009],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,137011,137012],{},"Example: checking user input",[35,137014,137016],{"className":37,"code":137015,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,137017,137018,137036,137040,137062,137077,137083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137019,137020,137022,137024,137026,137028,137030,137032,137034],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137021,45194],{"class":50},[44,137023,55],{"class":54},[44,137025,8737],{"class":135},[44,137027,120],{"class":58},[44,137029,63],{"class":62},[44,137031,45205],{"class":66},[44,137033,63],{"class":62},[44,137035,129],{"class":58},[44,137037,137038],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137039,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,137041,137042,137044,137046,137048,137050,137052,137054,137056,137058,137060],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,137043,1345],{"class":1140},[44,137045,36080],{"class":50},[44,137047,113],{"class":58},[44,137049,9135],{"class":116},[44,137051,7862],{"class":58},[44,137053,6909],{"class":54},[44,137055,75],{"class":62},[44,137057,13573],{"class":66},[44,137059,63],{"class":62},[44,137061,1359],{"class":58},[44,137063,137064,137066,137068,137070,137073,137075],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,137065,1387],{"class":135},[44,137067,120],{"class":58},[44,137069,63],{"class":62},[44,137071,137072],{"class":66},"Nice choice!",[44,137074,63],{"class":62},[44,137076,129],{"class":58},[44,137078,137079,137081],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,137080,1398],{"class":1140},[44,137082,1359],{"class":58},[44,137084,137085,137087,137089,137091,137094,137096],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,137086,1387],{"class":135},[44,137088,120],{"class":58},[44,137090,63],{"class":62},[44,137092,137093],{"class":66},"Got it.",[44,137095,63],{"class":62},[44,137097,129],{"class":58},[20,137099,137100],{},"Example: simple search",[35,137102,137104],{"className":37,"code":137103,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,137105,137106,137119,137123,137144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137107,137108,137110,137112,137114,137117],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137109,90249],{"class":50},[44,137111,55],{"class":54},[44,137113,75],{"class":62},[44,137115,137116],{"class":66},"Python Is Fun",[44,137118,3865],{"class":62},[44,137120,137121],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137122,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,137124,137125,137127,137129,137131,137133,137135,137138,137140,137142],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,137126,1345],{"class":1140},[44,137128,75],{"class":62},[44,137130,39],{"class":66},[44,137132,63],{"class":62},[44,137134,1354],{"class":54},[44,137136,137137],{"class":50}," message",[44,137139,113],{"class":58},[44,137141,9135],{"class":116},[44,137143,22034],{"class":58},[44,137145,137146,137148,137150,137152,137155,137157],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,137147,1387],{"class":135},[44,137149,120],{"class":58},[44,137151,63],{"class":62},[44,137153,137154],{"class":66},"Found it",[44,137156,63],{"class":62},[44,137158,129],{"class":58},[20,137160,137161,137162,137164,137165,72],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,137163,124327],{}," is often used with ",[625,137166,137168],{"href":137167},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,137169,41887],{},[35,137171,137173],{"className":37,"code":137172,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,137174,137175,137188,137207,137211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137176,137177,137179,137181,137183,137186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137178,8372],{"class":50},[44,137180,55],{"class":54},[44,137182,75],{"class":62},[44,137184,137185],{"class":66},"  ALICE  ",[44,137187,3865],{"class":62},[44,137189,137190,137193,137195,137197,137199,137201,137203,137205],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137191,137192],{"class":50},"clean_name ",[44,137194,55],{"class":54},[44,137196,36221],{"class":50},[44,137198,113],{"class":58},[44,137200,9129],{"class":116},[44,137202,9132],{"class":58},[44,137204,9135],{"class":116},[44,137206,9138],{"class":58},[44,137208,137209],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,137210,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,137212,137213,137215,137217,137220,137222],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,137214,136],{"class":135},[44,137216,120],{"class":58},[44,137218,137219],{"class":116},"clean_name",[44,137221,144],{"class":58},[44,137223,137224],{"class":147},"  # alice\n",[30,137226,16052],{"id":16051},[20,137228,137229,137230,137233],{},"Strings are ",[590,137231,137232],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,137235,137236,137237,137239],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,137238,124327],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,137241,137242,137243,137245],{},"So this does ",[590,137244,592],{}," update the original variable:",[35,137247,137249],{"className":37,"code":137248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137250,137251,137263,137273,137277],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137252,137253,137255,137257,137259,137261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137254,34915],{"class":50},[44,137256,55],{"class":54},[44,137258,75],{"class":62},[44,137260,136621],{"class":66},[44,137262,3865],{"class":62},[44,137264,137265,137267,137269,137271],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137266,34936],{"class":50},[44,137268,113],{"class":58},[44,137270,9135],{"class":116},[44,137272,9138],{"class":58},[44,137274,137275],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,137276,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,137278,137279,137281,137283,137285,137287],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,137280,136],{"class":135},[44,137282,120],{"class":58},[44,137284,34936],{"class":116},[44,137286,144],{"class":58},[44,137288,137289],{"class":147},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137291,137292],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[35,137294,137296],{"className":37,"code":137295,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137297,137298,137310,137324,137328],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137299,137300,137302,137304,137306,137308],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137301,34915],{"class":50},[44,137303,55],{"class":54},[44,137305,75],{"class":62},[44,137307,136621],{"class":66},[44,137309,3865],{"class":62},[44,137311,137312,137314,137316,137318,137320,137322],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137313,34915],{"class":50},[44,137315,55],{"class":54},[44,137317,43076],{"class":50},[44,137319,113],{"class":58},[44,137321,9135],{"class":116},[44,137323,9138],{"class":58},[44,137325,137326],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,137327,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,137329,137330,137332,137334,137336,137338],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,137331,136],{"class":135},[44,137333,120],{"class":58},[44,137335,34936],{"class":116},[44,137337,144],{"class":58},[44,137339,136633],{"class":147},[30,137341,3335],{"id":3334},[981,137343,26124],{"id":26123},[20,137345,137346,137347,2037,137349,113],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137348,9135],{},[15,137350,124327],{},[20,137352,17098],{},[35,137354,137356],{"className":37,"code":137355,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137357,137358,137370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137359,137360,137362,137364,137366,137368],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137361,34915],{"class":50},[44,137363,55],{"class":54},[44,137365,75],{"class":62},[44,137367,136621],{"class":66},[44,137369,3865],{"class":62},[44,137371,137372,137374,137376,137378,137380,137382],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137373,136],{"class":135},[44,137375,120],{"class":58},[44,137377,34936],{"class":116},[44,137379,113],{"class":58},[44,137381,9135],{"class":25189},[44,137383,129],{"class":58},[20,137385,137386],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137388,17110],{},[35,137390,137392],{"className":37,"code":137391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137393,137394,137406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137395,137396,137398,137400,137402,137404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137397,34915],{"class":50},[44,137399,55],{"class":54},[44,137401,75],{"class":62},[44,137403,136621],{"class":66},[44,137405,3865],{"class":62},[44,137407,137408,137410,137412,137414,137416,137418],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137409,136],{"class":135},[44,137411,120],{"class":58},[44,137413,34936],{"class":116},[44,137415,113],{"class":58},[44,137417,9135],{"class":116},[44,137419,2188],{"class":58},[981,137421,137423],{"id":137422},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137425,137426],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137428,17098],{},[35,137430,137432],{"className":37,"code":137431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137433,137434,137446,137456],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137435,137436,137438,137440,137442,137444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137437,34915],{"class":50},[44,137439,55],{"class":54},[44,137441,75],{"class":62},[44,137443,136621],{"class":66},[44,137445,3865],{"class":62},[44,137447,137448,137450,137452,137454],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137449,34936],{"class":50},[44,137451,113],{"class":58},[44,137453,9135],{"class":116},[44,137455,9138],{"class":58},[44,137457,137458,137460,137462,137464,137466],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,137459,136],{"class":135},[44,137461,120],{"class":58},[44,137463,34936],{"class":116},[44,137465,144],{"class":58},[44,137467,137468],{"class":147},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137470,17110],{},[35,137472,137474],{"className":37,"code":137473,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137475,137476,137488,137502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137477,137478,137480,137482,137484,137486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137479,34915],{"class":50},[44,137481,55],{"class":54},[44,137483,75],{"class":62},[44,137485,136621],{"class":66},[44,137487,3865],{"class":62},[44,137489,137490,137492,137494,137496,137498,137500],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137491,34915],{"class":50},[44,137493,55],{"class":54},[44,137495,43076],{"class":50},[44,137497,113],{"class":58},[44,137499,9135],{"class":116},[44,137501,9138],{"class":58},[44,137503,137504,137506,137508,137510,137512],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,137505,136],{"class":135},[44,137507,120],{"class":58},[44,137509,34936],{"class":116},[44,137511,144],{"class":58},[44,137513,136633],{"class":147},[981,137515,1785,137517,137519],{"id":137516},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137518,124327],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137521,137522,137524],{},[15,137523,124327],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137526,17098],{},[35,137528,137530],{"className":37,"code":137529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137531,137532,137540],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137533,137534,137536,137538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137535,2723],{"class":50},[44,137537,55],{"class":54},[44,137539,125279],{"class":95},[44,137541,137542,137544,137546,137548,137550,137552],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137543,136],{"class":135},[44,137545,120],{"class":58},[44,137547,2744],{"class":116},[44,137549,113],{"class":58},[44,137551,9135],{"class":116},[44,137553,2188],{"class":58},[20,137555,137556,137557,33827],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137558,124327],{},[20,137560,137561],{},"You can check the type first:",[35,137563,137565],{"className":37,"code":137564,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137566,137567,137579,137583,137597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137568,137569,137571,137573,137575,137577],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137570,34915],{"class":50},[44,137572,55],{"class":54},[44,137574,75],{"class":62},[44,137576,136621],{"class":66},[44,137578,3865],{"class":62},[44,137580,137581],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137582,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,137584,137585,137587,137589,137591,137593,137595],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,137586,136],{"class":135},[44,137588,120],{"class":58},[44,137590,2249],{"class":2248},[44,137592,120],{"class":58},[44,137594,34936],{"class":116},[44,137596,2239],{"class":58},[44,137598,137599,137601,137603,137605,137607,137609],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,137600,136],{"class":135},[44,137602,120],{"class":58},[44,137604,34936],{"class":116},[44,137606,113],{"class":58},[44,137608,9135],{"class":116},[44,137610,2188],{"class":58},[981,137612,137614],{"id":137613},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137616,137617],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[35,137619,137621],{"className":37,"code":137620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137622,137623,137636,137640,137657,137672,137678],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137624,137625,137627,137629,137631,137634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137626,136840],{"class":50},[44,137628,55],{"class":54},[44,137630,75],{"class":62},[44,137632,137633],{"class":66},"Yes",[44,137635,3865],{"class":62},[44,137637,137638],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137639,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,137641,137642,137644,137647,137649,137651,137653,137655],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,137643,1345],{"class":1140},[44,137645,137646],{"class":50}," answer ",[44,137648,5191],{"class":54},[44,137650,75],{"class":62},[44,137652,9153],{"class":66},[44,137654,63],{"class":62},[44,137656,1359],{"class":58},[44,137658,137659,137661,137663,137665,137668,137670],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,137660,1387],{"class":135},[44,137662,120],{"class":58},[44,137664,63],{"class":62},[44,137666,137667],{"class":66},"Match",[44,137669,63],{"class":62},[44,137671,129],{"class":58},[44,137673,137674,137676],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,137675,1398],{"class":1140},[44,137677,1359],{"class":58},[44,137679,137680,137682,137684,137686,137689,137691],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,137681,1387],{"class":135},[44,137683,120],{"class":58},[44,137685,63],{"class":62},[44,137687,137688],{"class":66},"No match",[44,137690,63],{"class":62},[44,137692,129],{"class":58},[20,137694,29285,137695,976,137698,137701,137702,113],{},[15,137696,137697],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137699,137700],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137703,137688],{},[20,137705,137706],{},"Better:",[35,137708,137710],{"className":37,"code":137709,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137711,137712,137724,137728,137750],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137713,137714,137716,137718,137720,137722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137715,136840],{"class":50},[44,137717,55],{"class":54},[44,137719,75],{"class":62},[44,137721,137633],{"class":66},[44,137723,3865],{"class":62},[44,137725,137726],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137727,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,137729,137730,137732,137734,137736,137738,137740,137742,137744,137746,137748],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,137731,1345],{"class":1140},[44,137733,136860],{"class":50},[44,137735,113],{"class":58},[44,137737,9135],{"class":116},[44,137739,7862],{"class":58},[44,137741,6909],{"class":54},[44,137743,75],{"class":62},[44,137745,9153],{"class":66},[44,137747,63],{"class":62},[44,137749,1359],{"class":58},[44,137751,137752,137754,137756,137758,137760,137762],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,137753,1387],{"class":135},[44,137755,120],{"class":58},[44,137757,63],{"class":62},[44,137759,137667],{"class":66},[44,137761,63],{"class":62},[44,137763,129],{"class":58},[981,137765,44448,137767,137770],{"id":137766},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137768,137769],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137772,137773,137774,137776],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137775,124327],{}," is enough.",[20,137778,137779,137780,137782,137783,113],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137781,137769],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137784,124327],{},[20,137786,137787,137788,122839],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137789,124327],{},[30,137791,137793,967,137795],{"id":137792},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137794,124327],{},[15,137796,128475],{},[20,137798,137799,976,137801,137803],{},[15,137800,124327],{},[15,137802,128475],{}," are very similar.",[252,137805,137806,137811,137816,137819],{},[255,137807,137808,137810],{},[15,137809,124327],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[255,137812,137813,137815],{},[15,137814,128475],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[255,137817,137818],{},"Both return new strings",[255,137820,137821],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137823,269],{},[35,137825,137827],{"className":37,"code":137826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137828,137829,137841,137845,137861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137830,137831,137833,137835,137837,137839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137832,34915],{"class":50},[44,137834,55],{"class":54},[44,137836,75],{"class":62},[44,137838,129316],{"class":66},[44,137840,3865],{"class":62},[44,137842,137843],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137844,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,137846,137847,137849,137851,137853,137855,137857,137859],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,137848,136],{"class":135},[44,137850,120],{"class":58},[44,137852,34936],{"class":116},[44,137854,113],{"class":58},[44,137856,9135],{"class":116},[44,137858,136630],{"class":58},[44,137860,136528],{"class":147},[44,137862,137863,137865,137867,137869,137871,137873,137875],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,137864,136],{"class":135},[44,137866,120],{"class":58},[44,137868,34936],{"class":116},[44,137870,113],{"class":58},[44,137872,34705],{"class":116},[44,137874,136630],{"class":58},[44,137876,137877],{"class":147},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137879,137880,137881,113],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[625,137882,126597,137884,11221],{"href":137883},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137885,128475],{},[30,137887,2301],{"id":2300},[981,137889,2329,137891,124924],{"id":137890},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137892,124327],{},[20,137894,137895],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[981,137897,2329,137899,137901],{"id":137898},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137900,124327],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137903,137904,137905,113],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137906,137907],{},"string.lower()",[981,137909,5643,137911,13182],{"id":137910},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137912,124327],{},[20,137914,137915],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[981,137917,2339,137919,137921],{"id":137918},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137920,124327],{}," on user input?",[20,137923,137924,137925,137927],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137926,3464],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[981,137929,2358,137931,976,137933,2363],{"id":137930},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137932,124327],{},[15,137934,137769],{},[20,137936,137937,137939,137940,137942],{},[15,137938,124327],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137941,137769],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[30,137944,2375],{"id":2374},[252,137946,137947,137951,137957,137963,137969,137973,137977,137983],{},[255,137948,137949],{},[625,137950,51214],{"href":51213},[255,137952,137953],{},[625,137954,126597,137955,11221],{"href":137883},[15,137956,128475],{},[255,137958,137959],{},[625,137960,126597,137961,11221],{"href":137167},[15,137962,41887],{},[255,137964,137965],{},[625,137966,126597,137967,11221],{"href":130178},[15,137968,124768],{},[255,137970,137971],{},[625,137972,124996],{"href":123852},[255,137974,137975],{},[625,137976,90925],{"href":89934},[255,137978,137979],{},[625,137980,4083,137981,4016],{"href":8714},[15,137982,3464],{},[255,137984,137985],{},[625,137986,137987],{"href":136568},"What is a string in Python?",[2414,137989,137990],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":137992},[137993,137995,137996,137997,137998,137999,138000,138009,138011,138023],{"id":136538,"depth":102,"text":137994},"What lower() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952},{"id":582,"depth":102,"text":583},{"id":136987,"depth":102,"text":136988},{"id":16051,"depth":102,"text":16052},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":138001},[138002,138003,138004,138006,138007],{"id":26123,"depth":132,"text":26124},{"id":137422,"depth":132,"text":137423},{"id":137516,"depth":132,"text":138005},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137613,"depth":132,"text":137614},{"id":137766,"depth":132,"text":138008},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137792,"depth":102,"text":138010},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":138012},[138013,138015,138017,138019,138021],{"id":137890,"depth":132,"text":138014},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137898,"depth":132,"text":138016},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137910,"depth":132,"text":138018},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137918,"depth":132,"text":138020},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137930,"depth":132,"text":138022},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136455,"description":138024},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":138031,"title":138032,"body":138033,"description":139583,"extension":2465,"meta":139584,"navigation":169,"path":139585,"seo":139586,"stem":139587,"__hash__":139588},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":138034,"toc":139544},[138035,138040,138045,138051,138066,138068,138128,138130,138139,138145,138150,138155,138157,138171,138175,138177,138224,138226,138244,138246,138249,138320,138322,138336,138339,138351,138360,138364,138369,138374,138378,138444,138446,138455,138459,138524,138526,138535,138538,138543,138547,138552,138556,138617,138619,138628,138632,138635,138691,138693,138702,138705,138718,138720,138724,138731,138793,138795,138808,138814,138817,138824,138829,138834,138837,138845,138847,138908,138910,138919,138922,138969,138972,139019,139021,139026,139043,139050,139055,139108,139110,139118,139120,139177,139179,139187,139191,139238,139240,139248,139256,139260,139308,139310,139319,139324,139375,139377,139386,139393,139396,139417,139419,139424,139427,139431,139434,139438,139441,139468,139474,139477,139504,139509,139511,139513,139541],[10,138036,123597,138038,18],{"id":138037},"python-string-replace-method",[15,138039,124768],{},[20,138041,123602,138042,138044],{},[15,138043,124768],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,138046,138047,138048,138050],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,138049,124768],{},". You will learn:",[252,138052,138053,138057,138060,138063],{},[255,138054,26455,138055,246],{},[15,138056,124768],{},[255,138058,138059],{},"how its syntax works",[255,138061,138062],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[255,138064,138065],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[30,138067,2507],{"id":2506},[35,138069,138071],{"className":37,"code":138070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138072,138073,138086,138118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138074,138075,138077,138079,138081,138084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138076,34915],{"class":50},[44,138078,55],{"class":54},[44,138080,75],{"class":62},[44,138082,138083],{"class":66},"I like cats",[44,138085,3865],{"class":62},[44,138087,138088,138090,138092,138094,138096,138098,138100,138102,138105,138107,138109,138111,138114,138116],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138089,130436],{"class":50},[44,138091,55],{"class":54},[44,138093,43076],{"class":50},[44,138095,113],{"class":58},[44,138097,35227],{"class":116},[44,138099,120],{"class":58},[44,138101,63],{"class":62},[44,138103,138104],{"class":66},"cats",[44,138106,63],{"class":62},[44,138108,83],{"class":58},[44,138110,75],{"class":62},[44,138112,138113],{"class":66},"dogs",[44,138115,63],{"class":62},[44,138117,129],{"class":58},[44,138119,138120,138122,138124,138126],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,138121,136],{"class":135},[44,138123,120],{"class":58},[44,138125,130467],{"class":116},[44,138127,129],{"class":58},[20,138129,2576],{},[35,138131,138133],{"className":37,"code":138132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like dogs\n",[15,138134,138135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138136,138137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138138,138132],{"class":50},[20,138140,227,138141,138144],{},[15,138142,138143],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[30,138146,243,138148,246],{"id":138147},"what-replace-does",[15,138149,124768],{},[20,138151,138152,138154],{},[15,138153,124768],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,138156,13515],{},[252,138158,138159,138161,138163,138166],{},[255,138160,133845],{},[255,138162,136563],{},[255,138164,138165],{},"It works on exact matches",[255,138167,138168,138169],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,138170,41493],{},[20,138172,125349,138173,113],{},[625,138174,125352],{"href":51213},[30,138176,5932],{"id":5931},[35,138178,138180],{"className":37,"code":138179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,138181,138182,138202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138183,138184,138186,138188,138190,138192,138195,138197,138200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138185,61415],{"class":50},[44,138187,113],{"class":58},[44,138189,35227],{"class":116},[44,138191,120],{"class":58},[44,138193,138194],{"class":116},"old",[44,138196,83],{"class":58},[44,138198,138199],{"class":116}," new",[44,138201,129],{"class":58},[44,138203,138204,138206,138208,138210,138212,138214,138216,138218,138220,138222],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138205,61415],{"class":50},[44,138207,113],{"class":58},[44,138209,35227],{"class":116},[44,138211,120],{"class":58},[44,138213,138194],{"class":116},[44,138215,83],{"class":58},[44,138217,138199],{"class":116},[44,138219,83],{"class":58},[44,138221,49839],{"class":116},[44,138223,129],{"class":58},[981,138225,17848],{"id":17847},[252,138227,138228,138233,138239],{},[255,138229,138230,138232],{},[15,138231,138194],{}," = the text to find",[255,138234,138235,138238],{},[15,138236,138237],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[255,138240,138241,138243],{},[15,138242,41493],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[30,138245,6288],{"id":6287},[20,138247,138248],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[35,138250,138252],{"className":37,"code":138251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138253,138254,138266,138296,138300,138310],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138255,138256,138258,138260,138262,138264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138257,34915],{"class":50},[44,138259,55],{"class":54},[44,138261,75],{"class":62},[44,138263,138083],{"class":66},[44,138265,3865],{"class":62},[44,138267,138268,138270,138272,138274,138276,138278,138280,138282,138284,138286,138288,138290,138292,138294],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138269,130436],{"class":50},[44,138271,55],{"class":54},[44,138273,43076],{"class":50},[44,138275,113],{"class":58},[44,138277,35227],{"class":116},[44,138279,120],{"class":58},[44,138281,63],{"class":62},[44,138283,138104],{"class":66},[44,138285,63],{"class":62},[44,138287,83],{"class":58},[44,138289,75],{"class":62},[44,138291,138113],{"class":66},[44,138293,63],{"class":62},[44,138295,129],{"class":58},[44,138297,138298],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,138299,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,138301,138302,138304,138306,138308],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,138303,136],{"class":135},[44,138305,120],{"class":58},[44,138307,34936],{"class":116},[44,138309,129],{"class":58},[44,138311,138312,138314,138316,138318],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,138313,136],{"class":135},[44,138315,120],{"class":58},[44,138317,130467],{"class":116},[44,138319,129],{"class":58},[20,138321,2576],{},[35,138323,138325],{"className":37,"code":138324,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138326,138327,138332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138328,138329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138330,138331],{"class":50},"I like cats\n",[44,138333,138334],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138335,138132],{"class":50},[20,138337,138338],{},"Notice what happened:",[252,138340,138341,138346],{},[255,138342,138343,138345],{},[15,138344,34936],{}," did not change",[255,138347,138348,138350],{},[15,138349,130467],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138352,138353,138354,138356,138357,138359],{},"This happens because strings are ",[590,138355,137232],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138358,124768],{}," return a new string instead.",[30,138361,138363],{"id":138362},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138365,89943,138366,138368],{},[15,138367,124768],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138370,138371,138372,36852],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138373,41493],{},[981,138375,138377],{"id":138376},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[35,138379,138381],{"className":37,"code":138380,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138382,138383,138396,138430,138434],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138384,138385,138387,138389,138391,138394],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138386,34915],{"class":50},[44,138388,55],{"class":54},[44,138390,75],{"class":62},[44,138392,138393],{"class":66},"cat cat cat",[44,138395,3865],{"class":62},[44,138397,138398,138400,138402,138404,138406,138408,138410,138412,138414,138416,138418,138420,138422,138424,138426,138428],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138399,1953],{"class":50},[44,138401,55],{"class":54},[44,138403,43076],{"class":50},[44,138405,113],{"class":58},[44,138407,35227],{"class":116},[44,138409,120],{"class":58},[44,138411,63],{"class":62},[44,138413,37278],{"class":66},[44,138415,63],{"class":62},[44,138417,83],{"class":58},[44,138419,75],{"class":62},[44,138421,58367],{"class":66},[44,138423,63],{"class":62},[44,138425,83],{"class":58},[44,138427,1703],{"class":95},[44,138429,129],{"class":58},[44,138431,138432],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,138433,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,138435,138436,138438,138440,138442],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,138437,136],{"class":135},[44,138439,120],{"class":58},[44,138441,1984],{"class":116},[44,138443,129],{"class":58},[20,138445,2576],{},[35,138447,138449],{"className":37,"code":138448,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138450,138451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138452,138453],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138454,138448],{"class":50},[981,138456,138458],{"id":138457},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[35,138460,138462],{"className":37,"code":138461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138463,138464,138476,138510,138514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138465,138466,138468,138470,138472,138474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138467,34915],{"class":50},[44,138469,55],{"class":54},[44,138471,75],{"class":62},[44,138473,138393],{"class":66},[44,138475,3865],{"class":62},[44,138477,138478,138480,138482,138484,138486,138488,138490,138492,138494,138496,138498,138500,138502,138504,138506,138508],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138479,1953],{"class":50},[44,138481,55],{"class":54},[44,138483,43076],{"class":50},[44,138485,113],{"class":58},[44,138487,35227],{"class":116},[44,138489,120],{"class":58},[44,138491,63],{"class":62},[44,138493,37278],{"class":66},[44,138495,63],{"class":62},[44,138497,83],{"class":58},[44,138499,75],{"class":62},[44,138501,58367],{"class":66},[44,138503,63],{"class":62},[44,138505,83],{"class":58},[44,138507,1717],{"class":95},[44,138509,129],{"class":58},[44,138511,138512],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,138513,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,138515,138516,138518,138520,138522],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,138517,136],{"class":135},[44,138519,120],{"class":58},[44,138521,1984],{"class":116},[44,138523,129],{"class":58},[20,138525,2576],{},[35,138527,138529],{"className":37,"code":138528,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138530,138531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138532,138533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138534,138528],{"class":50},[20,138536,138537],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138539,138540,138541,113],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[625,138542,128321],{"href":124765},[30,138544,138546],{"id":138545},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138548,138549,138551],{},[15,138550,124768],{}," can also change single characters.",[981,138553,138555],{"id":138554},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[35,138557,138559],{"className":37,"code":138558,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138560,138561,138573,138603,138607],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138562,138563,138565,138567,138569,138571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138564,34915],{"class":50},[44,138566,55],{"class":54},[44,138568,75],{"class":62},[44,138570,4591],{"class":66},[44,138572,3865],{"class":62},[44,138574,138575,138577,138579,138581,138583,138585,138587,138589,138591,138593,138595,138597,138599,138601],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138576,1953],{"class":50},[44,138578,55],{"class":54},[44,138580,43076],{"class":50},[44,138582,113],{"class":58},[44,138584,35227],{"class":116},[44,138586,120],{"class":58},[44,138588,63],{"class":62},[44,138590,625],{"class":66},[44,138592,63],{"class":62},[44,138594,83],{"class":58},[44,138596,75],{"class":62},[44,138598,60714],{"class":66},[44,138600,63],{"class":62},[44,138602,129],{"class":58},[44,138604,138605],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,138606,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,138608,138609,138611,138613,138615],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,138610,136],{"class":135},[44,138612,120],{"class":58},[44,138614,1984],{"class":116},[44,138616,129],{"class":58},[20,138618,2576],{},[35,138620,138622],{"className":37,"code":138621,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bonono\n",[15,138623,138624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138625,138626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138627,138621],{"class":50},[981,138629,138631],{"id":138630},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138633,138634],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[35,138636,138638],{"className":37,"code":138637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138639,138640,138653,138677,138681],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138641,138642,138644,138646,138648,138651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138643,34915],{"class":50},[44,138645,55],{"class":54},[44,138647,75],{"class":62},[44,138649,138650],{"class":66},"a b c",[44,138652,3865],{"class":62},[44,138654,138655,138657,138659,138661,138663,138665,138667,138669,138671,138673,138675],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138656,1953],{"class":50},[44,138658,55],{"class":54},[44,138660,43076],{"class":50},[44,138662,113],{"class":58},[44,138664,35227],{"class":116},[44,138666,120],{"class":58},[44,138668,63],{"class":62},[44,138670,75],{"class":62},[44,138672,83],{"class":58},[44,138674,6627],{"class":62},[44,138676,129],{"class":58},[44,138678,138679],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,138680,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,138682,138683,138685,138687,138689],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,138684,136],{"class":135},[44,138686,120],{"class":58},[44,138688,1984],{"class":116},[44,138690,129],{"class":58},[20,138692,2576],{},[35,138694,138696],{"className":37,"code":138695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abc\n",[15,138697,138698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138699,138700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138701,138695],{"class":50},[20,138703,138704],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138706,138707,138708,138712,138713,138717],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[625,138709,126597,138710,11221],{"href":129284},[15,138711,60772],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[625,138714,126597,138715,11221],{"href":137167},[15,138716,41887],{}," is often a better choice.",[30,138719,124244],{"id":124243},[20,138721,138722,124055],{},[15,138723,124768],{},[20,138725,127642,138726,976,138728,127649],{},[15,138727,113281],{},[15,138729,138730],{},"\"Cat\"",[35,138732,138734],{"className":37,"code":138733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138735,138736,138749,138779,138783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138737,138738,138740,138742,138744,138747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138739,34915],{"class":50},[44,138741,55],{"class":54},[44,138743,75],{"class":62},[44,138745,138746],{"class":66},"Cat cat CAT",[44,138748,3865],{"class":62},[44,138750,138751,138753,138755,138757,138759,138761,138763,138765,138767,138769,138771,138773,138775,138777],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138752,1953],{"class":50},[44,138754,55],{"class":54},[44,138756,43076],{"class":50},[44,138758,113],{"class":58},[44,138760,35227],{"class":116},[44,138762,120],{"class":58},[44,138764,63],{"class":62},[44,138766,37278],{"class":66},[44,138768,63],{"class":62},[44,138770,83],{"class":58},[44,138772,75],{"class":62},[44,138774,58367],{"class":66},[44,138776,63],{"class":62},[44,138778,129],{"class":58},[44,138780,138781],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,138782,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,138784,138785,138787,138789,138791],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,138786,136],{"class":135},[44,138788,120],{"class":58},[44,138790,1984],{"class":116},[44,138792,129],{"class":58},[20,138794,2576],{},[35,138796,138798],{"className":37,"code":138797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138799,138800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138801,138802,138805],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138803,138804],{"class":50},"Cat dog ",[44,138806,138807],{"class":34680},"CAT\n",[20,138809,138810,138811,138813],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138812,113281],{}," was replaced.",[20,138815,138816],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138818,138819,138820,113],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[625,138821,126597,138822,11221],{"href":124324},[15,138823,124327],{},[30,138825,243,138827,12180],{"id":138826},"what-replace-returns",[15,138828,124768],{},[20,138830,138831,138833],{},[15,138832,124768],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138835,138836],{},"If no match is found:",[252,138838,138839,138842],{},[255,138840,138841],{},"no error happens",[255,138843,138844],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138846,269],{},[35,138848,138850],{"className":37,"code":138849,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138851,138852,138864,138894,138898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138853,138854,138856,138858,138860,138862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138855,34915],{"class":50},[44,138857,55],{"class":54},[44,138859,75],{"class":62},[44,138861,4349],{"class":66},[44,138863,3865],{"class":62},[44,138865,138866,138868,138870,138872,138874,138876,138878,138880,138882,138884,138886,138888,138890,138892],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138867,1953],{"class":50},[44,138869,55],{"class":54},[44,138871,43076],{"class":50},[44,138873,113],{"class":58},[44,138875,35227],{"class":116},[44,138877,120],{"class":58},[44,138879,63],{"class":62},[44,138881,1696],{"class":66},[44,138883,63],{"class":62},[44,138885,83],{"class":58},[44,138887,75],{"class":62},[44,138889,1710],{"class":66},[44,138891,63],{"class":62},[44,138893,129],{"class":58},[44,138895,138896],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,138897,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,138899,138900,138902,138904,138906],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,138901,136],{"class":135},[44,138903,120],{"class":58},[44,138905,1984],{"class":116},[44,138907,129],{"class":58},[20,138909,2576],{},[35,138911,138913],{"className":37,"code":138912,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello\n",[15,138914,138915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138916,138917],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138918,138912],{"class":50},[20,138920,138921],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[35,138923,138925],{"className":37,"code":138924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138926,138927,138939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138928,138929,138931,138933,138935,138937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138930,34915],{"class":50},[44,138932,55],{"class":54},[44,138934,75],{"class":62},[44,138936,60647],{"class":66},[44,138938,3865],{"class":62},[44,138940,138941,138943,138945,138947,138949,138951,138953,138955,138957,138959,138961,138963,138965,138967],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138942,130436],{"class":50},[44,138944,55],{"class":54},[44,138946,43076],{"class":50},[44,138948,113],{"class":58},[44,138950,35227],{"class":116},[44,138952,120],{"class":58},[44,138954,63],{"class":62},[44,138956,60832],{"class":66},[44,138958,63],{"class":62},[44,138960,83],{"class":58},[44,138962,75],{"class":62},[44,138964,7793],{"class":66},[44,138966,63],{"class":62},[44,138968,129],{"class":58},[20,138970,138971],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[35,138973,138975],{"className":37,"code":138974,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138976,138977,138989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138978,138979,138981,138983,138985,138987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138980,34915],{"class":50},[44,138982,55],{"class":54},[44,138984,75],{"class":62},[44,138986,60647],{"class":66},[44,138988,3865],{"class":62},[44,138990,138991,138993,138995,138997,138999,139001,139003,139005,139007,139009,139011,139013,139015,139017],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138992,34915],{"class":50},[44,138994,55],{"class":54},[44,138996,43076],{"class":50},[44,138998,113],{"class":58},[44,139000,35227],{"class":116},[44,139002,120],{"class":58},[44,139004,63],{"class":62},[44,139006,60832],{"class":66},[44,139008,63],{"class":62},[44,139010,83],{"class":58},[44,139012,75],{"class":62},[44,139014,7793],{"class":66},[44,139016,63],{"class":62},[44,139018,129],{"class":58},[30,139020,1526],{"id":1525},[20,139022,139023,139024,72],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,139025,124768],{},[252,139027,139028,139031,139035,139038],{},[255,139029,139030],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[255,139032,1904,139033,131817],{},[15,139034,124768],{},[255,139036,139037],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[255,139039,37435,139040,139042],{},[15,139041,124768],{}," with regex-based replacements",[981,139044,139046,139047,139049],{"id":139045},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,139048,124768],{}," without assigning the result",[20,139051,139052,139053,72],{},"This does not update ",[15,139054,34936],{},[35,139056,139058],{"className":37,"code":139057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139059,139060,139072,139098],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139061,139062,139064,139066,139068,139070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139063,34915],{"class":50},[44,139065,55],{"class":54},[44,139067,75],{"class":62},[44,139069,138083],{"class":66},[44,139071,3865],{"class":62},[44,139073,139074,139076,139078,139080,139082,139084,139086,139088,139090,139092,139094,139096],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139075,34936],{"class":50},[44,139077,113],{"class":58},[44,139079,35227],{"class":116},[44,139081,120],{"class":58},[44,139083,63],{"class":62},[44,139085,138104],{"class":66},[44,139087,63],{"class":62},[44,139089,83],{"class":58},[44,139091,75],{"class":62},[44,139093,138113],{"class":66},[44,139095,63],{"class":62},[44,139097,129],{"class":58},[44,139099,139100,139102,139104,139106],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,139101,136],{"class":135},[44,139103,120],{"class":58},[44,139105,34936],{"class":116},[44,139107,129],{"class":58},[20,139109,2576],{},[35,139111,139112],{"className":37,"code":138331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,139113,139114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139115,139116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139117,138331],{"class":50},[20,139119,11288],{},[35,139121,139123],{"className":37,"code":139122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139124,139125,139137,139167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139126,139127,139129,139131,139133,139135],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139128,34915],{"class":50},[44,139130,55],{"class":54},[44,139132,75],{"class":62},[44,139134,138083],{"class":66},[44,139136,3865],{"class":62},[44,139138,139139,139141,139143,139145,139147,139149,139151,139153,139155,139157,139159,139161,139163,139165],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139140,34915],{"class":50},[44,139142,55],{"class":54},[44,139144,43076],{"class":50},[44,139146,113],{"class":58},[44,139148,35227],{"class":116},[44,139150,120],{"class":58},[44,139152,63],{"class":62},[44,139154,138104],{"class":66},[44,139156,63],{"class":62},[44,139158,83],{"class":58},[44,139160,75],{"class":62},[44,139162,138113],{"class":66},[44,139164,63],{"class":62},[44,139166,129],{"class":58},[44,139168,139169,139171,139173,139175],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,139170,136],{"class":135},[44,139172,120],{"class":58},[44,139174,34936],{"class":116},[44,139176,129],{"class":58},[20,139178,2576],{},[35,139180,139181],{"className":37,"code":138132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,139182,139183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139184,139185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139186,138132],{"class":50},[981,139188,139190],{"id":139189},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[35,139192,139194],{"className":37,"code":139193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,139195,139196,139208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139197,139198,139200,139202,139204,139206],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139199,34915],{"class":50},[44,139201,55],{"class":54},[44,139203,75],{"class":62},[44,139205,35095],{"class":66},[44,139207,3865],{"class":62},[44,139209,139210,139212,139214,139216,139218,139220,139222,139224,139226,139228,139230,139232,139234,139236],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139211,136],{"class":135},[44,139213,120],{"class":58},[44,139215,34936],{"class":116},[44,139217,113],{"class":58},[44,139219,35227],{"class":116},[44,139221,120],{"class":58},[44,139223,63],{"class":62},[44,139225,4349],{"class":66},[44,139227,63],{"class":62},[44,139229,83],{"class":58},[44,139231,75],{"class":62},[44,139233,90178],{"class":66},[44,139235,63],{"class":62},[44,139237,2239],{"class":58},[20,139239,2576],{},[35,139241,139242],{"className":37,"code":89191,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,139243,139244],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139245,139246],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139247,89191],{"class":50},[20,139249,139250,139251,976,139253,139255],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139252,64776],{},[15,139254,90660],{}," are not the same.",[981,139257,139259],{"id":139258},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[35,139261,139263],{"className":37,"code":139262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139264,139265,139278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139266,139267,139269,139271,139273,139276],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139268,34915],{"class":50},[44,139270,55],{"class":54},[44,139272,75],{"class":62},[44,139274,139275],{"class":66},"red red red",[44,139277,3865],{"class":62},[44,139279,139280,139282,139284,139286,139288,139290,139292,139294,139296,139298,139300,139302,139304,139306],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139281,136],{"class":135},[44,139283,120],{"class":58},[44,139285,34936],{"class":116},[44,139287,113],{"class":58},[44,139289,35227],{"class":116},[44,139291,120],{"class":58},[44,139293,63],{"class":62},[44,139295,13556],{"class":66},[44,139297,63],{"class":62},[44,139299,83],{"class":58},[44,139301,75],{"class":62},[44,139303,13573],{"class":66},[44,139305,63],{"class":62},[44,139307,2239],{"class":58},[20,139309,2576],{},[35,139311,139313],{"className":37,"code":139312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139314,139315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139316,139317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139318,139312],{"class":50},[20,139320,139321,139322,72],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139323,41493],{},[35,139325,139327],{"className":37,"code":139326,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139328,139329,139341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139330,139331,139333,139335,139337,139339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139332,34915],{"class":50},[44,139334,55],{"class":54},[44,139336,75],{"class":62},[44,139338,139275],{"class":66},[44,139340,3865],{"class":62},[44,139342,139343,139345,139347,139349,139351,139353,139355,139357,139359,139361,139363,139365,139367,139369,139371,139373],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139344,136],{"class":135},[44,139346,120],{"class":58},[44,139348,34936],{"class":116},[44,139350,113],{"class":58},[44,139352,35227],{"class":116},[44,139354,120],{"class":58},[44,139356,63],{"class":62},[44,139358,13556],{"class":66},[44,139360,63],{"class":62},[44,139362,83],{"class":58},[44,139364,75],{"class":62},[44,139366,13573],{"class":66},[44,139368,63],{"class":62},[44,139370,83],{"class":58},[44,139372,1703],{"class":95},[44,139374,2239],{"class":58},[20,139376,2576],{},[35,139378,139380],{"className":37,"code":139379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue red red\n",[15,139381,139382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139383,139384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139385,139379],{"class":50},[981,139387,139389,139390,139392],{"id":139388},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139391,124768],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139394,139395],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[252,139397,139398,139405,139412],{},[255,139399,227,139400,139404],{},[625,139401,139402],{"href":129284},[15,139403,60772],{}," to break a string into a list",[255,139406,227,139407,139411],{},[625,139408,139409],{"href":137167},[15,139410,41887],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[255,139413,227,139414,139416],{},[15,139415,124768],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[30,139418,2301],{"id":2300},[981,139420,2329,139422,124924],{"id":139421},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139423,124768],{},[20,139425,139426],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[981,139428,139430],{"id":139429},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139432,139433],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[981,139435,139437],{"id":139436},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139439,139440],{},"Use the third argument:",[35,139442,139444],{"className":37,"code":139443,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139445,139446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139447,139448,139450,139452,139454,139456,139458,139460,139462,139464,139466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139449,34936],{"class":50},[44,139451,113],{"class":58},[44,139453,35227],{"class":116},[44,139455,120],{"class":58},[44,139457,138194],{"class":116},[44,139459,83],{"class":58},[44,139461,138199],{"class":116},[44,139463,83],{"class":58},[44,139465,1703],{"class":95},[44,139467,129],{"class":58},[981,139469,5671,139471,139473],{"id":139470},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139472,124768],{}," remove text?",[20,139475,139476],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[35,139478,139480],{"className":37,"code":139479,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139481,139482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139483,139484,139486,139488,139490,139492,139494,139496,139498,139500,139502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139485,34936],{"class":50},[44,139487,113],{"class":58},[44,139489,35227],{"class":116},[44,139491,120],{"class":58},[44,139493,63],{"class":62},[44,139495,1696],{"class":66},[44,139497,63],{"class":62},[44,139499,83],{"class":58},[44,139501,6627],{"class":62},[44,139503,129],{"class":58},[981,139505,15359,139507,124933],{"id":139506},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139508,124768],{},[20,139510,130126],{},[30,139512,2375],{"id":2374},[252,139514,139515,139519,139525,139531,139537],{},[255,139516,139517],{},[625,139518,125003],{"href":124765},[255,139520,139521],{},[625,139522,126597,139523,11221],{"href":129284},[15,139524,60772],{},[255,139526,139527],{},[625,139528,126597,139529,11221],{"href":137167},[15,139530,41887],{},[255,139532,139533],{},[625,139534,126597,139535,11221],{"href":124324},[15,139536,124327],{},[255,139538,139539],{},[625,139540,125352],{"href":51213},[2414,139542,139543],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":139545},[139546,139547,139549,139552,139553,139557,139561,139562,139564,139572,139582],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":138147,"depth":102,"text":139548},"What replace() does",{"id":5931,"depth":102,"text":5932,"children":139550},[139551],{"id":17847,"depth":132,"text":17848},{"id":6287,"depth":102,"text":6288},{"id":138362,"depth":102,"text":138363,"children":139554},[139555,139556],{"id":138376,"depth":132,"text":138377},{"id":138457,"depth":132,"text":138458},{"id":138545,"depth":102,"text":138546,"children":139558},[139559,139560],{"id":138554,"depth":132,"text":138555},{"id":138630,"depth":132,"text":138631},{"id":124243,"depth":102,"text":124244},{"id":138826,"depth":102,"text":139563},"What replace() returns",{"id":1525,"depth":102,"text":1526,"children":139565},[139566,139568,139569,139570],{"id":139045,"depth":132,"text":139567},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139189,"depth":132,"text":139190},{"id":139258,"depth":132,"text":139259},{"id":139388,"depth":132,"text":139571},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":139573},[139574,139576,139577,139578,139580],{"id":139421,"depth":132,"text":139575},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139429,"depth":132,"text":139430},{"id":139436,"depth":132,"text":139437},{"id":139470,"depth":132,"text":139579},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139506,"depth":132,"text":139581},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":138032,"description":139583},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139590,"title":139591,"body":139592,"description":141611,"extension":2465,"meta":141612,"navigation":169,"path":141613,"seo":141614,"stem":141615,"__hash__":141616},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139593,"toc":141575},[139594,139599,139604,139607,139618,139620,139675,139680,139685,139692,139694,139709,139711,139767,139769,139807,139812,139814,139838,139841,139854,139859,139861,139893,139895,139928,139934,139939,139942,139952,139955,139957,140013,140015,140065,140068,140076,140079,140135,140137,140210,140223,140231,140235,140246,140249,140252,140305,140307,140339,140342,140396,140398,140433,140436,140441,140446,140451,140454,140456,140514,140516,140550,140552,140567,140570,140572,140614,140616,140642,140647,140655,140658,140660,140742,140744,140795,140798,140809,140817,140819,140892,140894,140912,140916,140919,140923,140950,140952,140960,140964,140999,141001,141014,141018,141021,141060,141062,141079,141084,141089,141100,141103,141114,141116,141118,141144,141147,141196,141198,141215,141218,141220,141272,141274,141306,141309,141367,141372,141374,141379,141482,141484,141498,141500,141507,141512,141517,141522,141527,141532,141535,141539,141544,141546,141572],[10,139595,123597,139597,18],{"id":139596},"python-string-split-method",[15,139598,60772],{},[20,139600,123602,139601,139603],{},[15,139602,60772],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139605,139606],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[252,139608,139609,139612,139615],{},[255,139610,139611],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[255,139613,139614],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[255,139616,139617],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[30,139619,2507],{"id":2506},[35,139621,139623],{"className":37,"code":139622,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139624,139625,139638,139660,139670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139626,139627,139629,139631,139633,139636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139628,34915],{"class":50},[44,139630,55],{"class":54},[44,139632,75],{"class":62},[44,139634,139635],{"class":66},"apple,banana,cherry",[44,139637,3865],{"class":62},[44,139639,139640,139642,139644,139646,139648,139650,139652,139654,139656,139658],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139641,43071],{"class":50},[44,139643,55],{"class":54},[44,139645,43076],{"class":50},[44,139647,113],{"class":58},[44,139649,34696],{"class":116},[44,139651,120],{"class":58},[44,139653,63],{"class":62},[44,139655,83],{"class":66},[44,139657,63],{"class":62},[44,139659,129],{"class":58},[44,139661,139662,139664,139666,139668],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,139663,136],{"class":135},[44,139665,120],{"class":58},[44,139667,43103],{"class":116},[44,139669,129],{"class":58},[44,139671,139672],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,139673,139674],{"class":147},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139676,227,139677,139679],{},[15,139678,60772],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[30,139681,243,139683,246],{"id":139682},"what-split-does",[15,139684,60772],{},[20,139686,139687,132645,139689,113],{},[15,139688,60772],{},[590,139690,139691],{},"string method",[20,139693,49164],{},[252,139695,139696,139699,139704],{},[255,139697,139698],{},"divides a string into parts",[255,139700,119899,139701],{},[590,139702,139703],{},"new list of strings",[255,139705,119905,139706,139708],{},[590,139707,592],{}," change the original string",[20,139710,269],{},[35,139712,139714],{"className":37,"code":139713,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139715,139716,139729,139743,139747,139757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139717,139718,139720,139722,139724,139727],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139719,34915],{"class":50},[44,139721,55],{"class":54},[44,139723,75],{"class":62},[44,139725,139726],{"class":66},"red blue green",[44,139728,3865],{"class":62},[44,139730,139731,139733,139735,139737,139739,139741],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139732,43071],{"class":50},[44,139734,55],{"class":54},[44,139736,43076],{"class":50},[44,139738,113],{"class":58},[44,139740,34696],{"class":116},[44,139742,9138],{"class":58},[44,139744,139745],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,139746,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,139748,139749,139751,139753,139755],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,139750,136],{"class":135},[44,139752,120],{"class":58},[44,139754,34936],{"class":116},[44,139756,129],{"class":58},[44,139758,139759,139761,139763,139765],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,139760,136],{"class":135},[44,139762,120],{"class":58},[44,139764,43103],{"class":116},[44,139766,129],{"class":58},[20,139768,2576],{},[35,139770,139772],{"className":37,"code":139771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139773,139774,139779],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139775,139776],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139777,139778],{"class":50},"red blue green\n",[44,139780,139781,139783,139785,139787,139789,139791,139793,139795,139797,139799,139801,139803,139805],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139782,896],{"class":58},[44,139784,2197],{"class":62},[44,139786,13556],{"class":66},[44,139788,2197],{"class":62},[44,139790,83],{"class":58},[44,139792,2232],{"class":62},[44,139794,13573],{"class":66},[44,139796,2197],{"class":62},[44,139798,83],{"class":58},[44,139800,2232],{"class":62},[44,139802,17907],{"class":66},[44,139804,2197],{"class":62},[44,139806,1153],{"class":58},[20,139808,139809,139810,113],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[625,139811,125352],{"href":51213},[30,139813,392],{"id":391},[35,139815,139817],{"className":37,"code":139816,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139818,139819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139820,139821,139823,139825,139827,139829,139831,139833,139836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139822,61415],{"class":50},[44,139824,113],{"class":58},[44,139826,34696],{"class":116},[44,139828,120],{"class":58},[44,139830,134001],{"class":116},[44,139832,83],{"class":58},[44,139834,139835],{"class":116}," maxsplit",[44,139837,129],{"class":58},[20,139839,139840],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[252,139842,139843,139848],{},[255,139844,139845,139847],{},[15,139846,134001],{}," tells Python where to split",[255,139849,139850,139853],{},[15,139851,139852],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139855,2154,139856,139858],{},[15,139857,134001],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139860,269],{},[35,139862,139864],{"className":37,"code":139863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139865,139866,139879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139867,139868,139870,139872,139874,139877],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139869,34915],{"class":50},[44,139871,55],{"class":54},[44,139873,75],{"class":62},[44,139875,139876],{"class":66},"one two three",[44,139878,3865],{"class":62},[44,139880,139881,139883,139885,139887,139889,139891],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139882,136],{"class":135},[44,139884,120],{"class":58},[44,139886,34936],{"class":116},[44,139888,113],{"class":58},[44,139890,34696],{"class":116},[44,139892,2188],{"class":58},[20,139894,2576],{},[35,139896,139898],{"className":37,"code":139897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139899,139900],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139901,139902,139904,139906,139908,139910,139912,139914,139916,139918,139920,139922,139924,139926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139903,896],{"class":58},[44,139905,2197],{"class":62},[44,139907,2069],{"class":66},[44,139909,2197],{"class":62},[44,139911,83],{"class":58},[44,139913,2232],{"class":62},[44,139915,79513],{"class":66},[44,139917,2197],{"class":62},[44,139919,83],{"class":58},[44,139921,2232],{"class":62},[44,139923,134483],{"class":66},[44,139925,2197],{"class":62},[44,139927,1153],{"class":58},[30,139929,1785,139931,139933],{"id":139930},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139932,60772],{}," with no separator",[20,139935,70416,139936,139938],{},[15,139937,60772],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139940,139941],{},"Whitespace includes:",[252,139943,139944,139946,139949],{},[255,139945,10937],{},[255,139947,139948],{},"tabs",[255,139950,139951],{},"new lines",[20,139953,139954],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139956,269],{},[35,139958,139960],{"className":37,"code":139959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139961,139962,139985,139999,140003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139963,139964,139966,139968,139970,139973,139976,139978,139980,139983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139965,34915],{"class":50},[44,139967,55],{"class":54},[44,139969,75],{"class":62},[44,139971,139972],{"class":66},"Python   is",[44,139974,139975],{"class":34680},"\\t",[44,139977,133737],{"class":66},[44,139979,87395],{"class":34680},[44,139981,139982],{"class":66},"and useful",[44,139984,3865],{"class":62},[44,139986,139987,139989,139991,139993,139995,139997],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139988,43071],{"class":50},[44,139990,55],{"class":54},[44,139992,43076],{"class":50},[44,139994,113],{"class":58},[44,139996,34696],{"class":116},[44,139998,9138],{"class":58},[44,140000,140001],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,140002,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,140004,140005,140007,140009,140011],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,140006,136],{"class":135},[44,140008,120],{"class":58},[44,140010,43103],{"class":116},[44,140012,129],{"class":58},[20,140014,2576],{},[35,140016,140018],{"className":37,"code":140017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,140019,140020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140021,140022,140024,140026,140028,140030,140032,140034,140036,140038,140040,140042,140044,140046,140048,140050,140052,140054,140056,140058,140061,140063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140023,896],{"class":58},[44,140025,2197],{"class":62},[44,140027,7793],{"class":66},[44,140029,2197],{"class":62},[44,140031,83],{"class":58},[44,140033,2232],{"class":62},[44,140035,12666],{"class":66},[44,140037,2197],{"class":62},[44,140039,83],{"class":58},[44,140041,2232],{"class":62},[44,140043,133737],{"class":66},[44,140045,2197],{"class":62},[44,140047,83],{"class":58},[44,140049,2232],{"class":62},[44,140051,130362],{"class":66},[44,140053,2197],{"class":62},[44,140055,83],{"class":58},[44,140057,2232],{"class":62},[44,140059,140060],{"class":66},"useful",[44,140062,2197],{"class":62},[44,140064,1153],{"class":58},[20,140066,140067],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[981,140069,140071,967,140073],{"id":140070},"split-vs-split",[15,140072,60772],{},[15,140074,140075],{},"split(' ')",[20,140077,140078],{},"These are not the same.",[35,140080,140082],{"className":37,"code":140081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,140083,140084,140097,140101,140115],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140085,140086,140088,140090,140092,140095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140087,34915],{"class":50},[44,140089,55],{"class":54},[44,140091,75],{"class":62},[44,140093,140094],{"class":66},"a  b   c",[44,140096,3865],{"class":62},[44,140098,140099],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140100,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,140102,140103,140105,140107,140109,140111,140113],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,140104,136],{"class":135},[44,140106,120],{"class":58},[44,140108,34936],{"class":116},[44,140110,113],{"class":58},[44,140112,34696],{"class":116},[44,140114,2188],{"class":58},[44,140116,140117,140119,140121,140123,140125,140127,140129,140131,140133],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,140118,136],{"class":135},[44,140120,120],{"class":58},[44,140122,34936],{"class":116},[44,140124,113],{"class":58},[44,140126,34696],{"class":116},[44,140128,120],{"class":58},[44,140130,63],{"class":62},[44,140132,75],{"class":62},[44,140134,2239],{"class":58},[20,140136,2576],{},[35,140138,140140],{"className":37,"code":140139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,140141,140142,140170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140143,140144,140146,140148,140150,140152,140154,140156,140158,140160,140162,140164,140166,140168],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140145,896],{"class":58},[44,140147,2197],{"class":62},[44,140149,625],{"class":66},[44,140151,2197],{"class":62},[44,140153,83],{"class":58},[44,140155,2232],{"class":62},[44,140157,639],{"class":66},[44,140159,2197],{"class":62},[44,140161,83],{"class":58},[44,140163,2232],{"class":62},[44,140165,696],{"class":66},[44,140167,2197],{"class":62},[44,140169,1153],{"class":58},[44,140171,140172,140174,140176,140178,140180,140182,140184,140186,140188,140190,140192,140194,140196,140198,140200,140202,140204,140206,140208],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140173,896],{"class":58},[44,140175,2197],{"class":62},[44,140177,625],{"class":66},[44,140179,2197],{"class":62},[44,140181,83],{"class":58},[44,140183,4342],{"class":62},[44,140185,83],{"class":58},[44,140187,2232],{"class":62},[44,140189,639],{"class":66},[44,140191,2197],{"class":62},[44,140193,83],{"class":58},[44,140195,4342],{"class":62},[44,140197,83],{"class":58},[44,140199,4342],{"class":62},[44,140201,83],{"class":58},[44,140203,2232],{"class":62},[44,140205,696],{"class":66},[44,140207,2197],{"class":62},[44,140209,1153],{"class":58},[252,140211,140212,140217],{},[255,140213,140214,140216],{},[15,140215,60772],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[255,140218,140219,140222],{},[15,140220,140221],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,140224,140225,140226,140230],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[625,140227,126597,140228,11221],{"href":137167},[15,140229,41887],{}," is often useful.",[30,140232,140234],{"id":140233},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,140236,140237,140238,2695,140241,2699,140243,113],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,140239,140240],{},"\",\"",[15,140242,133836],{},[15,140244,140245],{},"\"::\"",[20,140247,140248],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,140250,140251],{},"Example with commas:",[35,140253,140255],{"className":37,"code":140254,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140256,140257,140269,140291,140295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140258,140259,140261,140263,140265,140267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140260,34915],{"class":50},[44,140262,55],{"class":54},[44,140264,75],{"class":62},[44,140266,139635],{"class":66},[44,140268,3865],{"class":62},[44,140270,140271,140273,140275,140277,140279,140281,140283,140285,140287,140289],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140272,43071],{"class":50},[44,140274,55],{"class":54},[44,140276,43076],{"class":50},[44,140278,113],{"class":58},[44,140280,34696],{"class":116},[44,140282,120],{"class":58},[44,140284,63],{"class":62},[44,140286,83],{"class":66},[44,140288,63],{"class":62},[44,140290,129],{"class":58},[44,140292,140293],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,140294,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,140296,140297,140299,140301,140303],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,140298,136],{"class":135},[44,140300,120],{"class":58},[44,140302,43103],{"class":116},[44,140304,129],{"class":58},[20,140306,2576],{},[35,140308,140309],{"className":37,"code":78692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140310,140311],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140312,140313,140315,140317,140319,140321,140323,140325,140327,140329,140331,140333,140335,140337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140314,896],{"class":58},[44,140316,2197],{"class":62},[44,140318,4582],{"class":66},[44,140320,2197],{"class":62},[44,140322,83],{"class":58},[44,140324,2232],{"class":62},[44,140326,4591],{"class":66},[44,140328,2197],{"class":62},[44,140330,83],{"class":58},[44,140332,2232],{"class":62},[44,140334,4600],{"class":66},[44,140336,2197],{"class":62},[44,140338,1153],{"class":58},[20,140340,140341],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[35,140343,140345],{"className":37,"code":140344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140346,140347,140360,140382,140386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140348,140349,140351,140353,140355,140358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140350,34915],{"class":50},[44,140352,55],{"class":54},[44,140354,75],{"class":62},[44,140356,140357],{"class":66},"2024::10::31",[44,140359,3865],{"class":62},[44,140361,140362,140364,140366,140368,140370,140372,140374,140376,140378,140380],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140363,43071],{"class":50},[44,140365,55],{"class":54},[44,140367,43076],{"class":50},[44,140369,113],{"class":58},[44,140371,34696],{"class":116},[44,140373,120],{"class":58},[44,140375,63],{"class":62},[44,140377,76909],{"class":66},[44,140379,63],{"class":62},[44,140381,129],{"class":58},[44,140383,140384],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,140385,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,140387,140388,140390,140392,140394],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,140389,136],{"class":135},[44,140391,120],{"class":58},[44,140393,43103],{"class":116},[44,140395,129],{"class":58},[20,140397,2576],{},[35,140399,140401],{"className":37,"code":140400,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140402,140403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140404,140405,140407,140409,140412,140414,140416,140418,140420,140422,140424,140426,140429,140431],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140406,896],{"class":58},[44,140408,2197],{"class":62},[44,140410,140411],{"class":66},"2024",[44,140413,2197],{"class":62},[44,140415,83],{"class":58},[44,140417,2232],{"class":62},[44,140419,1559],{"class":66},[44,140421,2197],{"class":62},[44,140423,83],{"class":58},[44,140425,2232],{"class":62},[44,140427,140428],{"class":66},"31",[44,140430,2197],{"class":62},[44,140432,1153],{"class":58},[20,140434,140435],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140437,140438,140439,113],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[625,140440,129281],{"href":129280},[30,140442,1785,140444],{"id":140443},"using-maxsplit",[15,140445,139852],{},[20,140447,140448,140450],{},[15,140449,139852],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140452,140453],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140455,269],{},[35,140457,140459],{"className":37,"code":140458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140460,140461,140474,140500,140504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140462,140463,140465,140467,140469,140472],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140464,34915],{"class":50},[44,140466,55],{"class":54},[44,140468,75],{"class":62},[44,140470,140471],{"class":66},"name:age:city:country",[44,140473,3865],{"class":62},[44,140475,140476,140478,140480,140482,140484,140486,140488,140490,140492,140494,140496,140498],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140477,43071],{"class":50},[44,140479,55],{"class":54},[44,140481,43076],{"class":50},[44,140483,113],{"class":58},[44,140485,34696],{"class":116},[44,140487,120],{"class":58},[44,140489,63],{"class":62},[44,140491,72],{"class":66},[44,140493,63],{"class":62},[44,140495,83],{"class":58},[44,140497,1717],{"class":95},[44,140499,129],{"class":58},[44,140501,140502],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,140503,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,140505,140506,140508,140510,140512],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,140507,136],{"class":135},[44,140509,120],{"class":58},[44,140511,43103],{"class":116},[44,140513,129],{"class":58},[20,140515,2576],{},[35,140517,140519],{"className":37,"code":140518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140520,140521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140522,140523,140525,140527,140529,140531,140533,140535,140537,140539,140541,140543,140546,140548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140524,896],{"class":58},[44,140526,2197],{"class":62},[44,140528,67],{"class":66},[44,140530,2197],{"class":62},[44,140532,83],{"class":58},[44,140534,2232],{"class":62},[44,140536,88],{"class":66},[44,140538,2197],{"class":62},[44,140540,83],{"class":58},[44,140542,2232],{"class":62},[44,140544,140545],{"class":66},"city:country",[44,140547,2197],{"class":62},[44,140549,1153],{"class":58},[20,140551,2684],{},[252,140553,140554,140559,140564],{},[255,140555,140556,140557],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140558,72],{},[255,140560,140561,140562],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140563,72],{},[255,140565,140566],{},"then stops",[20,140568,140569],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140571,52318],{},[35,140573,140575],{"className":37,"code":140574,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140576,140577,140590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140578,140579,140581,140583,140585,140588],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140580,34915],{"class":50},[44,140582,55],{"class":54},[44,140584,75],{"class":62},[44,140586,140587],{"class":66},"apple banana cherry grape",[44,140589,3865],{"class":62},[44,140591,140592,140594,140596,140598,140600,140602,140604,140606,140608,140610,140612],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140593,136],{"class":135},[44,140595,120],{"class":58},[44,140597,34936],{"class":116},[44,140599,113],{"class":58},[44,140601,34696],{"class":116},[44,140603,120],{"class":58},[44,140605,63],{"class":62},[44,140607,75],{"class":62},[44,140609,83],{"class":58},[44,140611,1703],{"class":95},[44,140613,2239],{"class":58},[20,140615,2576],{},[35,140617,140619],{"className":37,"code":140618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140620,140621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140622,140623,140625,140627,140629,140631,140633,140635,140638,140640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140624,896],{"class":58},[44,140626,2197],{"class":62},[44,140628,4582],{"class":66},[44,140630,2197],{"class":62},[44,140632,83],{"class":58},[44,140634,2232],{"class":62},[44,140636,140637],{"class":66},"banana cherry grape",[44,140639,2197],{"class":62},[44,140641,1153],{"class":58},[30,140643,243,140645,12180],{"id":140644},"what-split-returns",[15,140646,60772],{},[20,140648,140649,140650,140652,140653,113],{},"The result of ",[15,140651,60772],{}," is always a ",[590,140654,8588],{},[20,140656,140657],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140659,269],{},[35,140661,140663],{"className":37,"code":140662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140664,140665,140678,140700,140704,140714,140728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140666,140667,140669,140671,140673,140676],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140668,34915],{"class":50},[44,140670,55],{"class":54},[44,140672,75],{"class":62},[44,140674,140675],{"class":66},"cat,dog,bird",[44,140677,3865],{"class":62},[44,140679,140680,140682,140684,140686,140688,140690,140692,140694,140696,140698],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140681,43071],{"class":50},[44,140683,55],{"class":54},[44,140685,43076],{"class":50},[44,140687,113],{"class":58},[44,140689,34696],{"class":116},[44,140691,120],{"class":58},[44,140693,63],{"class":62},[44,140695,83],{"class":66},[44,140697,63],{"class":62},[44,140699,129],{"class":58},[44,140701,140702],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,140703,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,140705,140706,140708,140710,140712],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,140707,136],{"class":135},[44,140709,120],{"class":58},[44,140711,43103],{"class":116},[44,140713,129],{"class":58},[44,140715,140716,140718,140720,140722,140724,140726],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,140717,136],{"class":135},[44,140719,120],{"class":58},[44,140721,2249],{"class":2248},[44,140723,120],{"class":58},[44,140725,43103],{"class":116},[44,140727,2239],{"class":58},[44,140729,140730,140732,140734,140736,140738,140740],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,140731,136],{"class":135},[44,140733,120],{"class":58},[44,140735,43103],{"class":116},[44,140737,896],{"class":58},[44,140739,2626],{"class":95},[44,140741,4391],{"class":58},[20,140743,2576],{},[35,140745,140747],{"className":37,"code":140746,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140748,140749,140777,140791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140750,140751,140753,140755,140757,140759,140761,140763,140765,140767,140769,140771,140773,140775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140752,896],{"class":58},[44,140754,2197],{"class":62},[44,140756,37278],{"class":66},[44,140758,2197],{"class":62},[44,140760,83],{"class":58},[44,140762,2232],{"class":62},[44,140764,58367],{"class":66},[44,140766,2197],{"class":62},[44,140768,83],{"class":58},[44,140770,2232],{"class":62},[44,140772,58384],{"class":66},[44,140774,2197],{"class":62},[44,140776,1153],{"class":58},[44,140778,140779,140781,140783,140785,140787,140789],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140780,3797],{"class":54},[44,140782,3800],{"class":2570},[44,140784,2232],{"class":62},[44,140786,8588],{"class":66},[44,140788,2197],{"class":62},[44,140790,3809],{"class":54},[44,140792,140793],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,140794,85711],{"class":50},[20,140796,140797],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[252,140799,140800,140803,140806],{},[255,140801,140802],{},"loop over it",[255,140804,140805],{},"access items by index",[255,140807,140808],{},"combine items again later",[20,140810,140811,140812,113],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[625,140813,126597,140815,11221],{"href":140814},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140816,133679],{},[20,140818,269],{},[35,140820,140822],{"className":37,"code":140821,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140823,140824,140856,140878,140882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140825,140826,140828,140830,140832,140834,140836,140838,140840,140842,140844,140846,140848,140850,140852,140854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140827,43071],{"class":50},[44,140829,55],{"class":54},[44,140831,1556],{"class":58},[44,140833,2197],{"class":62},[44,140835,37278],{"class":66},[44,140837,2197],{"class":62},[44,140839,83],{"class":58},[44,140841,2232],{"class":62},[44,140843,58367],{"class":66},[44,140845,2197],{"class":62},[44,140847,83],{"class":58},[44,140849,2232],{"class":62},[44,140851,58384],{"class":66},[44,140853,2197],{"class":62},[44,140855,1153],{"class":58},[44,140857,140858,140860,140862,140864,140866,140868,140870,140872,140874,140876],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140859,34915],{"class":50},[44,140861,55],{"class":54},[44,140863,75],{"class":62},[44,140865,2526],{"class":66},[44,140867,63],{"class":62},[44,140869,113],{"class":58},[44,140871,133756],{"class":116},[44,140873,120],{"class":58},[44,140875,43103],{"class":116},[44,140877,129],{"class":58},[44,140879,140880],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,140881,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,140883,140884,140886,140888,140890],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,140885,136],{"class":135},[44,140887,120],{"class":58},[44,140889,34936],{"class":116},[44,140891,129],{"class":58},[20,140893,2576],{},[35,140895,140897],{"className":37,"code":140896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140898,140899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140900,140901,140903,140905,140907,140909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140902,37278],{"class":50},[44,140904,2526],{"class":54},[44,140906,58367],{"class":50},[44,140908,2526],{"class":54},[44,140910,140911],{"class":50},"bird\n",[30,140913,140915],{"id":140914},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140917,140918],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[981,140920,140922],{"id":140921},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[35,140924,140926],{"className":37,"code":140925,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140927,140928,140936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140929,140930,140932,140934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140931,34915],{"class":50},[44,140933,55],{"class":54},[44,140935,8377],{"class":62},[44,140937,140938,140940,140942,140944,140946,140948],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140939,136],{"class":135},[44,140941,120],{"class":58},[44,140943,34936],{"class":116},[44,140945,113],{"class":58},[44,140947,34696],{"class":116},[44,140949,2188],{"class":58},[20,140951,2576],{},[35,140953,140954],{"className":37,"code":38529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140955,140956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140957,140958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140959,38529],{"class":58},[981,140961,140963],{"id":140962},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[35,140965,140967],{"className":37,"code":140966,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140968,140969,140977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140970,140971,140973,140975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140972,34915],{"class":50},[44,140974,55],{"class":54},[44,140976,8377],{"class":62},[44,140978,140979,140981,140983,140985,140987,140989,140991,140993,140995,140997],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140980,136],{"class":135},[44,140982,120],{"class":58},[44,140984,34936],{"class":116},[44,140986,113],{"class":58},[44,140988,34696],{"class":116},[44,140990,120],{"class":58},[44,140992,63],{"class":62},[44,140994,83],{"class":66},[44,140996,63],{"class":62},[44,140998,2239],{"class":58},[20,141000,2576],{},[35,141002,141004],{"className":37,"code":141003,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['']\n",[15,141005,141006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141007,141008,141010,141012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141009,896],{"class":58},[44,141011,4277],{"class":62},[44,141013,1153],{"class":58},[981,141015,141017],{"id":141016},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,141019,141020],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[35,141022,141024],{"className":37,"code":141023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,141025,141026,141038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141027,141028,141030,141032,141034,141036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141029,34915],{"class":50},[44,141031,55],{"class":54},[44,141033,75],{"class":62},[44,141035,4349],{"class":66},[44,141037,3865],{"class":62},[44,141039,141040,141042,141044,141046,141048,141050,141052,141054,141056,141058],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141041,136],{"class":135},[44,141043,120],{"class":58},[44,141045,34936],{"class":116},[44,141047,113],{"class":58},[44,141049,34696],{"class":116},[44,141051,120],{"class":58},[44,141053,63],{"class":62},[44,141055,83],{"class":66},[44,141057,63],{"class":62},[44,141059,2239],{"class":58},[20,141061,2576],{},[35,141063,141065],{"className":37,"code":141064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['hello']\n",[15,141066,141067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141068,141069,141071,141073,141075,141077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141070,896],{"class":58},[44,141072,2197],{"class":62},[44,141074,4349],{"class":66},[44,141076,2197],{"class":62},[44,141078,1153],{"class":58},[30,141080,769,141082],{"id":141081},"when-to-use-split",[15,141083,60772],{},[20,141085,227,141086,141088],{},[15,141087,60772],{}," when you need to:",[252,141090,141091,141094,141097],{},[255,141092,141093],{},"split a sentence into words",[255,141095,141096],{},"split comma-separated values",[255,141098,141099],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,141101,141102],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[252,141104,141105,141108,141111],{},[255,141106,141107],{},"cleaning text",[255,141109,141110],{},"parsing user input",[255,141112,141113],{},"processing simple file content",[30,141115,3335],{"id":3334},[20,141117,84482],{},[252,141119,141120,141124,141130,141133,141141],{},[255,141121,50743,141122,131817],{},[15,141123,60772],{},[255,141125,141126,141127,141129],{},"forgetting that ",[15,141128,60772],{}," returns a list, not a string",[255,141131,141132],{},"using the wrong separator",[255,141134,141135,141136,141138,141139],{},"assuming ",[15,141137,140075],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,141140,60772],{},[255,141142,141143],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,141145,141146],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[35,141148,141150],{"className":37,"code":141149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141151,141152,141164,141182,141186],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141153,141154,141156,141158,141160,141162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141155,34915],{"class":50},[44,141157,55],{"class":54},[44,141159,75],{"class":62},[44,141161,43064],{"class":66},[44,141163,3865],{"class":62},[44,141165,141166,141168,141170,141172,141174,141176,141178,141180],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141167,34936],{"class":50},[44,141169,113],{"class":58},[44,141171,34696],{"class":116},[44,141173,120],{"class":58},[44,141175,63],{"class":62},[44,141177,83],{"class":66},[44,141179,63],{"class":62},[44,141181,129],{"class":58},[44,141183,141184],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,141185,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,141187,141188,141190,141192,141194],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,141189,136],{"class":135},[44,141191,120],{"class":58},[44,141193,34936],{"class":116},[44,141195,129],{"class":58},[20,141197,2576],{},[35,141199,141201],{"className":37,"code":141200,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a,b,c\n",[15,141202,141203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141204,141205,141207,141209,141211,141213],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141206,625],{"class":50},[44,141208,83],{"class":58},[44,141210,639],{"class":50},[44,141212,83],{"class":58},[44,141214,69488],{"class":50},[20,141216,141217],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,141219,11288],{},[35,141221,141222],{"className":37,"code":43051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,141223,141224,141236,141258,141262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141225,141226,141228,141230,141232,141234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141227,34915],{"class":50},[44,141229,55],{"class":54},[44,141231,75],{"class":62},[44,141233,43064],{"class":66},[44,141235,3865],{"class":62},[44,141237,141238,141240,141242,141244,141246,141248,141250,141252,141254,141256],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141239,43071],{"class":50},[44,141241,55],{"class":54},[44,141243,43076],{"class":50},[44,141245,113],{"class":58},[44,141247,34696],{"class":116},[44,141249,120],{"class":58},[44,141251,63],{"class":62},[44,141253,83],{"class":66},[44,141255,63],{"class":62},[44,141257,129],{"class":58},[44,141259,141260],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,141261,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,141263,141264,141266,141268,141270],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,141265,136],{"class":135},[44,141267,120],{"class":58},[44,141269,43103],{"class":116},[44,141271,129],{"class":58},[20,141273,2576],{},[35,141275,141276],{"className":37,"code":43110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,141277,141278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141279,141280,141282,141284,141286,141288,141290,141292,141294,141296,141298,141300,141302,141304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141281,896],{"class":58},[44,141283,2197],{"class":62},[44,141285,625],{"class":66},[44,141287,2197],{"class":62},[44,141289,83],{"class":58},[44,141291,2232],{"class":62},[44,141293,639],{"class":66},[44,141295,2197],{"class":62},[44,141297,83],{"class":58},[44,141299,2232],{"class":62},[44,141301,696],{"class":66},[44,141303,2197],{"class":62},[44,141305,1153],{"class":58},[20,141307,141308],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[35,141310,141312],{"className":37,"code":141311,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141313,141314,141327,141349,141353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141315,141316,141318,141320,141322,141325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141317,34915],{"class":50},[44,141319,55],{"class":54},[44,141321,75],{"class":62},[44,141323,141324],{"class":66},"apple,banana",[44,141326,3865],{"class":62},[44,141328,141329,141331,141333,141335,141337,141339,141341,141343,141345,141347],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141330,43071],{"class":50},[44,141332,55],{"class":54},[44,141334,43076],{"class":50},[44,141336,113],{"class":58},[44,141338,34696],{"class":116},[44,141340,120],{"class":58},[44,141342,63],{"class":62},[44,141344,83],{"class":66},[44,141346,63],{"class":62},[44,141348,129],{"class":58},[44,141350,141351],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,141352,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,141354,141355,141357,141359,141361,141363,141365],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,141356,136],{"class":135},[44,141358,120],{"class":58},[44,141360,43103],{"class":116},[44,141362,896],{"class":58},[44,141364,2561],{"class":95},[44,141366,4391],{"class":58},[20,141368,141369,141370,113],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[625,141371,69501],{"href":69500},[981,141373,60951],{"id":60950},[20,141375,2154,141376,141378],{},[15,141377,60772],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[35,141380,141382],{"className":37,"code":141381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141383,141384,141394,141408,141430,141456],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141385,141386,141388,141390,141392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141387,136],{"class":135},[44,141389,120],{"class":58},[44,141391,34936],{"class":116},[44,141393,129],{"class":58},[44,141395,141396,141398,141400,141402,141404,141406],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141397,136],{"class":135},[44,141399,120],{"class":58},[44,141401,34936],{"class":116},[44,141403,113],{"class":58},[44,141405,34696],{"class":116},[44,141407,2188],{"class":58},[44,141409,141410,141412,141414,141416,141418,141420,141422,141424,141426,141428],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,141411,136],{"class":135},[44,141413,120],{"class":58},[44,141415,34936],{"class":116},[44,141417,113],{"class":58},[44,141419,34696],{"class":116},[44,141421,120],{"class":58},[44,141423,2197],{"class":62},[44,141425,83],{"class":66},[44,141427,2197],{"class":62},[44,141429,2239],{"class":58},[44,141431,141432,141434,141436,141438,141440,141442,141444,141446,141448,141450,141452,141454],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,141433,136],{"class":135},[44,141435,120],{"class":58},[44,141437,11641],{"class":135},[44,141439,120],{"class":58},[44,141441,34936],{"class":116},[44,141443,113],{"class":58},[44,141445,34696],{"class":116},[44,141447,120],{"class":58},[44,141449,2197],{"class":62},[44,141451,83],{"class":66},[44,141453,2197],{"class":62},[44,141455,3418],{"class":58},[44,141457,141458,141460,141462,141464,141466,141468,141470,141472,141474,141476,141478,141480],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,141459,136],{"class":135},[44,141461,120],{"class":58},[44,141463,2249],{"class":2248},[44,141465,120],{"class":58},[44,141467,34936],{"class":116},[44,141469,113],{"class":58},[44,141471,34696],{"class":116},[44,141473,120],{"class":58},[44,141475,2197],{"class":62},[44,141477,83],{"class":66},[44,141479,2197],{"class":62},[44,141481,3418],{"class":58},[20,141483,11650],{},[252,141485,141486,141489,141492,141495],{},[255,141487,141488],{},"what the original string looks like",[255,141490,141491],{},"which separator works",[255,141493,141494],{},"how many items were created",[255,141496,141497],{},"that the result is a list",[30,141499,2301],{"id":2300},[981,141501,2358,141503,976,141505,2363],{"id":141502},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141504,60772],{},[15,141506,140075],{},[20,141508,141509,141511],{},[15,141510,60772],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141513,141514,141516],{},[15,141515,140075],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[981,141518,2329,141520,124924],{"id":141519},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141521,60772],{},[20,141523,141524,141525,56718],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141526,60772],{},[981,141528,5643,141530,40193],{"id":141529},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141531,139852],{},[20,141533,141534],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[981,141536,141538],{"id":141537},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141540,29285,141541,141543],{},[15,141542,60772],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[30,141545,2375],{"id":2374},[252,141547,141548,141552,141558,141564,141568],{},[255,141549,141550],{},[625,141551,130202],{"href":129280},[255,141553,141554],{},[625,141555,126597,141556,11221],{"href":140814},[15,141557,133679],{},[255,141559,141560],{},[625,141561,126597,141562,11221],{"href":137167},[15,141563,41887],{},[255,141565,141566],{},[625,141567,125352],{"href":51213},[255,141569,141570],{},[625,141571,69501],{"href":69500},[2414,141573,141574],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":141576},[141577,141578,141580,141581,141586,141587,141589,141591,141596,141598,141601,141610],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":139682,"depth":102,"text":141579},"What split() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":139930,"depth":102,"text":141582,"children":141583},"Using split() with no separator",[141584],{"id":140070,"depth":132,"text":141585},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140233,"depth":102,"text":140234},{"id":140443,"depth":102,"text":141588},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140644,"depth":102,"text":141590},"What split() returns",{"id":140914,"depth":102,"text":140915,"children":141592},[141593,141594,141595],{"id":140921,"depth":132,"text":140922},{"id":140962,"depth":132,"text":140963},{"id":141016,"depth":132,"text":141017},{"id":141081,"depth":102,"text":141597},"When to use split()",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":141599},[141600],{"id":60950,"depth":132,"text":60951},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":141602},[141603,141605,141607,141609],{"id":141502,"depth":132,"text":141604},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141519,"depth":132,"text":141606},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141529,"depth":132,"text":141608},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141537,"depth":132,"text":141538},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139591,"description":141611},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141618,"title":141619,"body":141620,"description":143563,"extension":2465,"meta":143564,"navigation":169,"path":143565,"seo":143566,"stem":143567,"__hash__":143568},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141621,"toc":143522},[141622,141627,141632,141639,141712,141717,141722,141727,141743,141745,141815,141817,141819,141839,141841,141886,141891,141893,141991,141996,142000,142005,142009,142012,142054,142058,142061,142106,142110,142113,142163,142167,142172,142224,142226,142231,142242,142247,142327,142329,142341,142350,142357,142372,142374,142489,142495,142499,142502,142507,142649,142652,142659,142661,142665,142673,142742,142748,142797,142802,142807,142809,142829,142831,142897,142899,142903,142906,142910,142951,142953,142986,142991,142994,143021,143023,143066,143073,143078,143088,143154,143158,143166,143171,143222,143226,143229,143231,143240,143242,143292,143294,143401,143403,143408,143415,143421,143424,143455,143460,143462,143469,143477,143486,143489,143491,143519],[10,141623,123597,141625,18],{"id":141624},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141626,127965],{},[20,141628,123602,141629,141631],{},[15,141630,127965],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141633,126663,141634,3384,141636,141638],{},[15,141635,4112],{},[15,141637,4178],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[35,141640,141642],{"className":37,"code":141641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141643,141644,141657,141661,141686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141645,141646,141648,141650,141652,141655],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141647,34915],{"class":50},[44,141649,55],{"class":54},[44,141651,75],{"class":62},[44,141653,141654],{"class":66},"Python Beginner Help",[44,141656,3865],{"class":62},[44,141658,141659],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141660,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,141662,141663,141665,141667,141669,141671,141674,141676,141678,141680,141682,141684],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,141664,136],{"class":135},[44,141666,120],{"class":58},[44,141668,34936],{"class":116},[44,141670,113],{"class":58},[44,141672,141673],{"class":116},"startswith",[44,141675,120],{"class":58},[44,141677,63],{"class":62},[44,141679,7793],{"class":66},[44,141681,63],{"class":62},[44,141683,532],{"class":58},[44,141685,44090],{"class":147},[44,141687,141688,141690,141692,141694,141696,141698,141700,141702,141705,141707,141709],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,141689,136],{"class":135},[44,141691,120],{"class":58},[44,141693,34936],{"class":116},[44,141695,113],{"class":58},[44,141697,141673],{"class":116},[44,141699,120],{"class":58},[44,141701,63],{"class":62},[44,141703,141704],{"class":66},"Beginner",[44,141706,63],{"class":62},[44,141708,532],{"class":58},[44,141710,141711],{"class":147}," # False\n",[20,141713,227,141714,141716],{},[15,141715,127965],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[30,141718,243,141720,246],{"id":141719},"what-startswith-does",[15,141721,127965],{},[20,141723,141724,141726],{},[15,141725,127965],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[252,141728,141729,141732,141738,141740],{},[255,141730,141731],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[255,141733,5649,141734,3384,141736],{},[15,141735,4112],{},[15,141737,4178],{},[255,141739,123740],{},[255,141741,141742],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141744,269],{},[35,141746,141748],{"className":37,"code":141747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141749,141750,141762,141766,141791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141751,141752,141754,141756,141758,141760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141753,8372],{"class":50},[44,141755,55],{"class":54},[44,141757,75],{"class":62},[44,141759,7793],{"class":66},[44,141761,3865],{"class":62},[44,141763,141764],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141765,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,141767,141768,141770,141772,141774,141776,141778,141780,141782,141785,141787,141789],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,141769,136],{"class":135},[44,141771,120],{"class":58},[44,141773,67],{"class":116},[44,141775,113],{"class":58},[44,141777,141673],{"class":116},[44,141779,120],{"class":58},[44,141781,63],{"class":62},[44,141783,141784],{"class":66},"Py",[44,141786,63],{"class":62},[44,141788,532],{"class":58},[44,141790,44090],{"class":147},[44,141792,141793,141795,141797,141799,141801,141803,141805,141807,141809,141811,141813],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,141794,136],{"class":135},[44,141796,120],{"class":58},[44,141798,67],{"class":116},[44,141800,113],{"class":58},[44,141802,141673],{"class":116},[44,141804,120],{"class":58},[44,141806,63],{"class":62},[44,141808,129043],{"class":66},[44,141810,63],{"class":62},[44,141812,532],{"class":58},[44,141814,44107],{"class":147},[30,141816,392],{"id":391},[20,141818,42619],{},[35,141820,141822],{"className":37,"code":141821,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141823,141824],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141825,141826,141828,141830,141832,141834,141837],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141827,61415],{"class":50},[44,141829,113],{"class":58},[44,141831,141673],{"class":116},[44,141833,120],{"class":58},[44,141835,141836],{"class":116},"prefix",[44,141838,129],{"class":58},[20,141840,30989],{},[35,141842,141844],{"className":37,"code":141843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141845,141846,141864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141847,141848,141850,141852,141854,141856,141858,141860,141862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141849,61415],{"class":50},[44,141851,113],{"class":58},[44,141853,141673],{"class":116},[44,141855,120],{"class":58},[44,141857,141836],{"class":116},[44,141859,83],{"class":58},[44,141861,36281],{"class":116},[44,141863,129],{"class":58},[44,141865,141866,141868,141870,141872,141874,141876,141878,141880,141882,141884],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141867,61415],{"class":50},[44,141869,113],{"class":58},[44,141871,141673],{"class":116},[44,141873,120],{"class":58},[44,141875,141836],{"class":116},[44,141877,83],{"class":58},[44,141879,36281],{"class":116},[44,141881,83],{"class":58},[44,141883,65282],{"class":116},[44,141885,129],{"class":58},[20,141887,381,141888,141890],{},[15,141889,141836],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141892,269],{},[35,141894,141896],{"className":37,"code":141895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141897,141898,141910,141914,141939,141963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141899,141900,141902,141904,141906,141908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141901,34915],{"class":50},[44,141903,55],{"class":54},[44,141905,75],{"class":62},[44,141907,60647],{"class":66},[44,141909,3865],{"class":62},[44,141911,141912],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141913,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,141915,141916,141918,141920,141922,141924,141926,141928,141930,141932,141934,141936],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,141917,136],{"class":135},[44,141919,120],{"class":58},[44,141921,34936],{"class":116},[44,141923,113],{"class":58},[44,141925,141673],{"class":116},[44,141927,120],{"class":58},[44,141929,63],{"class":62},[44,141931,4349],{"class":66},[44,141933,63],{"class":62},[44,141935,532],{"class":58},[44,141937,141938],{"class":147},"      # True\n",[44,141940,141941,141943,141945,141947,141949,141951,141953,141955,141957,141959,141961],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,141942,136],{"class":135},[44,141944,120],{"class":58},[44,141946,34936],{"class":116},[44,141948,113],{"class":58},[44,141950,141673],{"class":116},[44,141952,120],{"class":58},[44,141954,63],{"class":62},[44,141956,60832],{"class":66},[44,141958,63],{"class":62},[44,141960,532],{"class":58},[44,141962,21643],{"class":147},[44,141964,141965,141967,141969,141971,141973,141975,141977,141979,141981,141983,141985,141987,141989],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,141966,136],{"class":135},[44,141968,120],{"class":58},[44,141970,34936],{"class":116},[44,141972,113],{"class":58},[44,141974,141673],{"class":116},[44,141976,120],{"class":58},[44,141978,63],{"class":62},[44,141980,60832],{"class":66},[44,141982,63],{"class":62},[44,141984,83],{"class":58},[44,141986,37875],{"class":95},[44,141988,532],{"class":58},[44,141990,44090],{"class":147},[20,141992,141993,141994,113],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[625,141995,125352],{"href":51213},[30,141997,141999],{"id":141998},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,142001,142002,142004],{},[15,142003,127965],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[981,142006,142007],{"id":141836},[15,142008,141836],{},[20,142010,142011],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[35,142013,142015],{"className":37,"code":142014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,142016,142017,142029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142018,142019,142021,142023,142025,142027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142020,34915],{"class":50},[44,142022,55],{"class":54},[44,142024,75],{"class":62},[44,142026,4591],{"class":66},[44,142028,3865],{"class":62},[44,142030,142031,142033,142035,142037,142039,142041,142043,142045,142048,142050,142052],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142032,136],{"class":135},[44,142034,120],{"class":58},[44,142036,34936],{"class":116},[44,142038,113],{"class":58},[44,142040,141673],{"class":116},[44,142042,120],{"class":58},[44,142044,63],{"class":62},[44,142046,142047],{"class":66},"ban",[44,142049,63],{"class":62},[44,142051,532],{"class":58},[44,142053,4168],{"class":147},[981,142055,142056],{"id":36302},[15,142057,36302],{},[20,142059,142060],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[35,142062,142064],{"className":37,"code":142063,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,142065,142066,142078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142067,142068,142070,142072,142074,142076],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142069,34915],{"class":50},[44,142071,55],{"class":54},[44,142073,75],{"class":62},[44,142075,60647],{"class":66},[44,142077,3865],{"class":62},[44,142079,142080,142082,142084,142086,142088,142090,142092,142094,142096,142098,142100,142102,142104],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142081,136],{"class":135},[44,142083,120],{"class":58},[44,142085,34936],{"class":116},[44,142087,113],{"class":58},[44,142089,141673],{"class":116},[44,142091,120],{"class":58},[44,142093,63],{"class":62},[44,142095,60832],{"class":66},[44,142097,63],{"class":62},[44,142099,83],{"class":58},[44,142101,37875],{"class":95},[44,142103,532],{"class":58},[44,142105,4168],{"class":147},[981,142107,142108],{"id":52899},[15,142109,52899],{},[20,142111,142112],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[35,142114,142116],{"className":37,"code":142115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,142117,142118,142130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142119,142120,142122,142124,142126,142128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142121,34915],{"class":50},[44,142123,55],{"class":54},[44,142125,75],{"class":62},[44,142127,60647],{"class":66},[44,142129,3865],{"class":62},[44,142131,142132,142134,142136,142138,142140,142142,142144,142146,142149,142151,142153,142155,142157,142159,142161],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142133,136],{"class":135},[44,142135,120],{"class":58},[44,142137,34936],{"class":116},[44,142139,113],{"class":58},[44,142141,141673],{"class":116},[44,142143,120],{"class":58},[44,142145,63],{"class":62},[44,142147,142148],{"class":66},"wor",[44,142150,63],{"class":62},[44,142152,83],{"class":58},[44,142154,37875],{"class":95},[44,142156,83],{"class":58},[44,142158,54375],{"class":95},[44,142160,532],{"class":58},[44,142162,4168],{"class":147},[981,142164,142166],{"id":142165},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,142168,142169,142171],{},[15,142170,141836],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[35,142173,142175],{"className":37,"code":142174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,142176,142177,142190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142178,142179,142181,142183,142185,142188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142180,126680],{"class":50},[44,142182,55],{"class":54},[44,142184,75],{"class":62},[44,142186,142187],{"class":66},"img_001.png",[44,142189,3865],{"class":62},[44,142191,142192,142194,142196,142198,142200,142202,142204,142206,142209,142211,142213,142215,142218,142220,142222],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142193,136],{"class":135},[44,142195,120],{"class":58},[44,142197,126698],{"class":116},[44,142199,113],{"class":58},[44,142201,141673],{"class":116},[44,142203,6011],{"class":58},[44,142205,63],{"class":62},[44,142207,142208],{"class":66},"img_",[44,142210,63],{"class":62},[44,142212,83],{"class":58},[44,142214,75],{"class":62},[44,142216,142217],{"class":66},"photo_",[44,142219,63],{"class":62},[44,142221,51329],{"class":58},[44,142223,4168],{"class":147},[30,142225,583],{"id":582},[20,142227,142228,142230],{},[15,142229,127965],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[252,142232,142233,142238],{},[255,142234,142235,142237],{},[15,142236,4112],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[255,142239,142240,127282],{},[15,142241,4178],{},[20,142243,142244,142245,7669],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,142246,1345],{},[35,142248,142250],{"className":37,"code":142249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,142251,142252,142266,142270,142291,142306,142312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142253,142254,142257,142259,142261,142264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142255,142256],{"class":50},"command ",[44,142258,55],{"class":54},[44,142260,75],{"class":62},[44,142262,142263],{"class":66},"\u002Fhelp",[44,142265,3865],{"class":62},[44,142267,142268],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142269,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,142271,142272,142274,142277,142279,142281,142283,142285,142287,142289],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,142273,1345],{"class":1140},[44,142275,142276],{"class":50}," command",[44,142278,113],{"class":58},[44,142280,141673],{"class":116},[44,142282,120],{"class":58},[44,142284,63],{"class":62},[44,142286,127489],{"class":66},[44,142288,63],{"class":62},[44,142290,8837],{"class":58},[44,142292,142293,142295,142297,142299,142302,142304],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,142294,1387],{"class":135},[44,142296,120],{"class":58},[44,142298,63],{"class":62},[44,142300,142301],{"class":66},"This looks like a command.",[44,142303,63],{"class":62},[44,142305,129],{"class":58},[44,142307,142308,142310],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,142309,1398],{"class":1140},[44,142311,1359],{"class":58},[44,142313,142314,142316,142318,142320,142323,142325],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,142315,1387],{"class":135},[44,142317,120],{"class":58},[44,142319,63],{"class":62},[44,142321,142322],{"class":66},"This is normal text.",[44,142324,63],{"class":62},[44,142326,129],{"class":58},[20,142328,2576],{},[35,142330,142332],{"className":37,"code":142331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142333,142334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142335,142336,142339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142337,142338],{"class":50},"This looks like a command",[44,142340,122629],{"class":58},[30,142342,1785,142344,9200,142346,976,142348],{"id":142343},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142345,127965],{},[15,142347,36302],{},[15,142349,52899],{},[20,142351,2482,142352,976,142354,142356],{},[15,142353,36302],{},[15,142355,52899],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[252,142358,142359,142364,142369],{},[255,142360,142361,142363],{},[15,142362,36302],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[255,142365,142366,142368],{},[15,142367,52899],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[255,142370,142371],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142373,269],{},[35,142375,142377],{"className":37,"code":142376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142378,142379,142391,142395,142424,142457],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142380,142381,142383,142385,142387,142389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142382,34915],{"class":50},[44,142384,55],{"class":54},[44,142386,75],{"class":62},[44,142388,139876],{"class":66},[44,142390,3865],{"class":62},[44,142392,142393],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142394,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,142396,142397,142399,142401,142403,142405,142407,142409,142411,142413,142415,142417,142419,142421],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,142398,136],{"class":135},[44,142400,120],{"class":58},[44,142402,34936],{"class":116},[44,142404,113],{"class":58},[44,142406,141673],{"class":116},[44,142408,120],{"class":58},[44,142410,63],{"class":62},[44,142412,79513],{"class":66},[44,142414,63],{"class":62},[44,142416,83],{"class":58},[44,142418,2961],{"class":95},[44,142420,532],{"class":58},[44,142422,142423],{"class":147},"        # True\n",[44,142425,142426,142428,142430,142432,142434,142436,142438,142440,142442,142444,142446,142448,142450,142453,142455],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,142427,136],{"class":135},[44,142429,120],{"class":58},[44,142431,34936],{"class":116},[44,142433,113],{"class":58},[44,142435,141673],{"class":116},[44,142437,120],{"class":58},[44,142439,63],{"class":62},[44,142441,134483],{"class":66},[44,142443,63],{"class":62},[44,142445,83],{"class":58},[44,142447,6861],{"class":95},[44,142449,83],{"class":58},[44,142451,142452],{"class":95}," 13",[44,142454,532],{"class":58},[44,142456,4168],{"class":147},[44,142458,142459,142461,142463,142465,142467,142469,142471,142473,142475,142477,142479,142481,142483,142485,142487],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,142460,136],{"class":135},[44,142462,120],{"class":58},[44,142464,34936],{"class":116},[44,142466,113],{"class":58},[44,142468,141673],{"class":116},[44,142470,120],{"class":58},[44,142472,63],{"class":62},[44,142474,134483],{"class":66},[44,142476,63],{"class":62},[44,142478,83],{"class":58},[44,142480,6861],{"class":95},[44,142482,83],{"class":58},[44,142484,31168],{"class":95},[44,142486,532],{"class":58},[44,142488,5273],{"class":147},[20,142490,142491,142492,142494],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142493,52899],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[30,142496,142498],{"id":142497},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142500,142501],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142503,142504,142505,49585],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142506,41070],{},[35,142508,142510],{"className":37,"code":142509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142511,142512,142526,142540,142554,142558,142582,142586,142607,142628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142513,142514,142517,142519,142521,142524],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142515,142516],{"class":50},"filename1 ",[44,142518,55],{"class":54},[44,142520,75],{"class":62},[44,142522,142523],{"class":66},"img_101.jpg",[44,142525,3865],{"class":62},[44,142527,142528,142531,142533,142535,142538],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142529,142530],{"class":50},"filename2 ",[44,142532,55],{"class":54},[44,142534,75],{"class":62},[44,142536,142537],{"class":66},"photo_202.jpg",[44,142539,3865],{"class":62},[44,142541,142542,142545,142547,142549,142552],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,142543,142544],{"class":50},"filename3 ",[44,142546,55],{"class":54},[44,142548,75],{"class":62},[44,142550,142551],{"class":66},"doc_303.jpg",[44,142553,3865],{"class":62},[44,142555,142556],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,142557,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,142559,142560,142562,142564,142566,142568,142570,142572,142574,142576,142578,142580],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,142561,127892],{"class":50},[44,142563,55],{"class":54},[44,142565,9728],{"class":58},[44,142567,63],{"class":62},[44,142569,142208],{"class":66},[44,142571,63],{"class":62},[44,142573,83],{"class":58},[44,142575,75],{"class":62},[44,142577,142217],{"class":66},[44,142579,63],{"class":62},[44,142581,129],{"class":58},[44,142583,142584],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,142585,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,142587,142588,142590,142592,142595,142597,142599,142601,142603,142605],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,142589,136],{"class":135},[44,142591,120],{"class":58},[44,142593,142594],{"class":116},"filename1",[44,142596,113],{"class":58},[44,142598,141673],{"class":116},[44,142600,120],{"class":58},[44,142602,127944],{"class":116},[44,142604,532],{"class":58},[44,142606,4168],{"class":147},[44,142608,142609,142611,142613,142616,142618,142620,142622,142624,142626],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,142610,136],{"class":135},[44,142612,120],{"class":58},[44,142614,142615],{"class":116},"filename2",[44,142617,113],{"class":58},[44,142619,141673],{"class":116},[44,142621,120],{"class":58},[44,142623,127944],{"class":116},[44,142625,532],{"class":58},[44,142627,4168],{"class":147},[44,142629,142630,142632,142634,142637,142639,142641,142643,142645,142647],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,142631,136],{"class":135},[44,142633,120],{"class":58},[44,142635,142636],{"class":116},"filename3",[44,142638,113],{"class":58},[44,142640,141673],{"class":116},[44,142642,120],{"class":58},[44,142644,127944],{"class":116},[44,142646,532],{"class":58},[44,142648,5273],{"class":147},[20,142650,142651],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142653,75014,142654,142658],{},[625,142655,126597,142656,11221],{"href":130191},[15,142657,126655],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[30,142660,124244],{"id":124243},[20,142662,142663,124055],{},[15,142664,127965],{},[20,142666,127642,142667,976,142670,127649],{},[15,142668,142669],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142671,142672],{},"\"python\"",[35,142674,142676],{"className":37,"code":142675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142677,142678,142690,142694,142718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142679,142680,142682,142684,142686,142688],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142681,34915],{"class":50},[44,142683,55],{"class":54},[44,142685,75],{"class":62},[44,142687,7793],{"class":66},[44,142689,3865],{"class":62},[44,142691,142692],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142693,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,142695,142696,142698,142700,142702,142704,142706,142708,142710,142712,142714,142716],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,142697,136],{"class":135},[44,142699,120],{"class":58},[44,142701,34936],{"class":116},[44,142703,113],{"class":58},[44,142705,141673],{"class":116},[44,142707,120],{"class":58},[44,142709,63],{"class":62},[44,142711,141784],{"class":66},[44,142713,63],{"class":62},[44,142715,532],{"class":58},[44,142717,4168],{"class":147},[44,142719,142720,142722,142724,142726,142728,142730,142732,142734,142736,142738,142740],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,142721,136],{"class":135},[44,142723,120],{"class":58},[44,142725,34936],{"class":116},[44,142727,113],{"class":58},[44,142729,141673],{"class":116},[44,142731,120],{"class":58},[44,142733,63],{"class":62},[44,142735,129043],{"class":66},[44,142737,63],{"class":62},[44,142739,532],{"class":58},[44,142741,5273],{"class":147},[20,142743,127734,142744,113],{},[625,142745,142746],{"href":124324},[15,142747,124327],{},[35,142749,142751],{"className":37,"code":142750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142752,142753,142765,142769],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142754,142755,142757,142759,142761,142763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142756,34915],{"class":50},[44,142758,55],{"class":54},[44,142760,75],{"class":62},[44,142762,7793],{"class":66},[44,142764,3865],{"class":62},[44,142766,142767],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142768,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,142770,142771,142773,142775,142777,142779,142781,142783,142785,142787,142789,142791,142793,142795],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,142772,136],{"class":135},[44,142774,120],{"class":58},[44,142776,34936],{"class":116},[44,142778,113],{"class":58},[44,142780,9135],{"class":116},[44,142782,9132],{"class":58},[44,142784,141673],{"class":116},[44,142786,120],{"class":58},[44,142788,63],{"class":62},[44,142790,129043],{"class":66},[44,142792,63],{"class":62},[44,142794,532],{"class":58},[44,142796,4168],{"class":147},[30,142798,769,142800],{"id":142799},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142801,127965],{},[20,142803,142804,142806],{},[15,142805,127965],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142808,9863],{},[252,142810,142811,142814,142817,142826],{},[255,142812,142813],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[255,142815,142816],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[255,142818,142819,142820,3384,142823],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142821,142822],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142824,142825],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[255,142827,142828],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142830,269],{},[35,142832,142834],{"className":37,"code":142833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142835,142836,142849,142853,142882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142837,142838,142840,142842,142844,142847],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142839,127460],{"class":50},[44,142841,55],{"class":54},[44,142843,75],{"class":62},[44,142845,142846],{"class":66},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[44,142848,3865],{"class":62},[44,142850,142851],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142852,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,142854,142855,142857,142860,142862,142864,142866,142868,142870,142872,142874,142876,142878,142880],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,142856,1345],{"class":1140},[44,142858,142859],{"class":50}," url",[44,142861,113],{"class":58},[44,142863,141673],{"class":116},[44,142865,6011],{"class":58},[44,142867,63],{"class":62},[44,142869,142822],{"class":66},[44,142871,63],{"class":62},[44,142873,83],{"class":58},[44,142875,75],{"class":62},[44,142877,142825],{"class":66},[44,142879,63],{"class":62},[44,142881,69805],{"class":58},[44,142883,142884,142886,142888,142890,142893,142895],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,142885,1387],{"class":135},[44,142887,120],{"class":58},[44,142889,63],{"class":62},[44,142891,142892],{"class":66},"This looks like a web URL.",[44,142894,63],{"class":62},[44,142896,129],{"class":58},[30,142898,3335],{"id":3334},[20,142900,23533,142901,113],{},[15,142902,127965],{},[981,142904,139037],{"id":142905},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142907,142908,124055],{},[15,142909,127965],{},[35,142911,142913],{"className":37,"code":142912,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142914,142915,142927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142916,142917,142919,142921,142923,142925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142918,34915],{"class":50},[44,142920,55],{"class":54},[44,142922,75],{"class":62},[44,142924,7793],{"class":66},[44,142926,3865],{"class":62},[44,142928,142929,142931,142933,142935,142937,142939,142941,142943,142945,142947,142949],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142930,136],{"class":135},[44,142932,120],{"class":58},[44,142934,34936],{"class":116},[44,142936,113],{"class":58},[44,142938,141673],{"class":116},[44,142940,120],{"class":58},[44,142942,63],{"class":62},[44,142944,39],{"class":66},[44,142946,63],{"class":62},[44,142948,532],{"class":58},[44,142950,5273],{"class":147},[20,142952,39494],{},[35,142954,142956],{"className":37,"code":142955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142957,142958],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142959,142960,142962,142964,142966,142968,142970,142972,142974,142976,142978,142980,142982,142984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142961,136],{"class":135},[44,142963,120],{"class":58},[44,142965,34936],{"class":116},[44,142967,113],{"class":58},[44,142969,9135],{"class":116},[44,142971,9132],{"class":58},[44,142973,141673],{"class":116},[44,142975,120],{"class":58},[44,142977,63],{"class":62},[44,142979,39],{"class":66},[44,142981,63],{"class":62},[44,142983,532],{"class":58},[44,142985,4168],{"class":147},[981,142987,29874,142989,137519],{"id":142988},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142990,127965],{},[20,142992,142993],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[35,142995,142997],{"className":37,"code":142996,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142998,142999,143007,143011,143016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143000,143001,143003,143005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143002,1244],{"class":50},[44,143004,55],{"class":54},[44,143006,125279],{"class":95},[44,143008,143009],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143010,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,143012,143013],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,143014,143015],{"class":147},"# This will cause an error:\n",[44,143017,143018],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,143019,143020],{"class":147},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,143022,39494],{},[35,143024,143026],{"className":37,"code":143025,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,143027,143028,143042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143029,143030,143032,143034,143036,143038,143040],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143031,1244],{"class":50},[44,143033,55],{"class":54},[44,143035,49141],{"class":2248},[44,143037,120],{"class":58},[44,143039,50483],{"class":95},[44,143041,129],{"class":58},[44,143043,143044,143046,143048,143050,143052,143054,143056,143058,143060,143062,143064],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143045,136],{"class":135},[44,143047,120],{"class":58},[44,143049,1282],{"class":116},[44,143051,113],{"class":58},[44,143053,141673],{"class":116},[44,143055,120],{"class":58},[44,143057,63],{"class":62},[44,143059,1588],{"class":66},[44,143061,63],{"class":62},[44,143063,532],{"class":58},[44,143065,4168],{"class":147},[981,143067,37435,143069,9200,143071],{"id":143068},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,143070,127965],{},[15,143072,4385],{},[20,143074,143075,143077],{},[15,143076,127965],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,143079,143080,143081,143083,143084,113],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,143082,4385],{}," or methods like ",[625,143085,143086],{"href":124607},[15,143087,124592],{},[35,143089,143091],{"className":37,"code":143090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,143092,143093,143105,143109,143133],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143094,143095,143097,143099,143101,143103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143096,34915],{"class":50},[44,143098,55],{"class":54},[44,143100,75],{"class":62},[44,143102,60647],{"class":66},[44,143104,3865],{"class":62},[44,143106,143107],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143108,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,143110,143111,143113,143115,143117,143119,143121,143123,143125,143127,143129,143131],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,143112,136],{"class":135},[44,143114,120],{"class":58},[44,143116,34936],{"class":116},[44,143118,113],{"class":58},[44,143120,141673],{"class":116},[44,143122,120],{"class":58},[44,143124,63],{"class":62},[44,143126,60832],{"class":66},[44,143128,63],{"class":62},[44,143130,532],{"class":58},[44,143132,5273],{"class":147},[44,143134,143135,143137,143139,143141,143143,143145,143147,143149,143151],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,143136,136],{"class":135},[44,143138,120],{"class":58},[44,143140,63],{"class":62},[44,143142,60832],{"class":66},[44,143144,63],{"class":62},[44,143146,1354],{"class":1140},[44,143148,43076],{"class":116},[44,143150,144],{"class":58},[44,143152,143153],{"class":147},"           # True\n",[20,143155,136071,143156,113],{},[625,143157,127633],{"href":123852},[981,143159,1675,143161,976,143163,143165],{"id":143160},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,143162,36302],{},[15,143164,52899],{}," use index positions",[20,143167,143168,143169,113],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,143170,2626],{},[35,143172,143174],{"className":37,"code":143173,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,143175,143176,143189,143193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143177,143178,143180,143182,143184,143187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143179,34915],{"class":50},[44,143181,55],{"class":54},[44,143183,75],{"class":62},[44,143185,143186],{"class":66},"abcdef",[44,143188,3865],{"class":62},[44,143190,143191],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143192,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,143194,143195,143197,143199,143201,143203,143205,143207,143209,143212,143214,143216,143218,143220],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,143196,136],{"class":135},[44,143198,120],{"class":58},[44,143200,34936],{"class":116},[44,143202,113],{"class":58},[44,143204,141673],{"class":116},[44,143206,120],{"class":58},[44,143208,63],{"class":62},[44,143210,143211],{"class":66},"cd",[44,143213,63],{"class":62},[44,143215,83],{"class":58},[44,143217,1717],{"class":95},[44,143219,532],{"class":58},[44,143221,4168],{"class":147},[981,143223,143225],{"id":143224},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,143227,143228],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,143230,17098],{},[35,143232,143234],{"className":37,"code":143233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,143235,143236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143237,143238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143239,143233],{"class":147},[20,143241,17110],{},[35,143243,143245],{"className":37,"code":143244,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,143246,143247,143259],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143248,143249,143251,143253,143255,143257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143250,34915],{"class":50},[44,143252,55],{"class":54},[44,143254,75],{"class":62},[44,143256,7793],{"class":66},[44,143258,3865],{"class":62},[44,143260,143261,143263,143265,143267,143269,143271,143273,143275,143277,143279,143281,143283,143286,143288,143290],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143262,136],{"class":135},[44,143264,120],{"class":58},[44,143266,34936],{"class":116},[44,143268,113],{"class":58},[44,143270,141673],{"class":116},[44,143272,6011],{"class":58},[44,143274,63],{"class":62},[44,143276,141784],{"class":66},[44,143278,63],{"class":62},[44,143280,83],{"class":58},[44,143282,75],{"class":62},[44,143284,143285],{"class":66},"Ja",[44,143287,63],{"class":62},[44,143289,51329],{"class":58},[44,143291,4168],{"class":147},[20,143293,32308],{},[35,143295,143297],{"className":37,"code":143296,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143298,143299,143309,143323,143345,143371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143300,143301,143303,143305,143307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143302,136],{"class":135},[44,143304,120],{"class":58},[44,143306,34936],{"class":116},[44,143308,129],{"class":58},[44,143310,143311,143313,143315,143317,143319,143321],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143312,136],{"class":135},[44,143314,120],{"class":58},[44,143316,2249],{"class":2248},[44,143318,120],{"class":58},[44,143320,34936],{"class":116},[44,143322,2239],{"class":58},[44,143324,143325,143327,143329,143331,143333,143335,143337,143339,143341,143343],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,143326,136],{"class":135},[44,143328,120],{"class":58},[44,143330,34936],{"class":116},[44,143332,113],{"class":58},[44,143334,141673],{"class":116},[44,143336,120],{"class":58},[44,143338,63],{"class":62},[44,143340,141784],{"class":66},[44,143342,63],{"class":62},[44,143344,2239],{"class":58},[44,143346,143347,143349,143351,143353,143355,143357,143359,143361,143363,143365,143367,143369],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,143348,136],{"class":135},[44,143350,120],{"class":58},[44,143352,34936],{"class":116},[44,143354,113],{"class":58},[44,143356,9135],{"class":116},[44,143358,9132],{"class":58},[44,143360,141673],{"class":116},[44,143362,120],{"class":58},[44,143364,63],{"class":62},[44,143366,129043],{"class":66},[44,143368,63],{"class":62},[44,143370,2239],{"class":58},[44,143372,143373,143375,143377,143379,143381,143383,143385,143387,143389,143391,143393,143395,143397,143399],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,143374,136],{"class":135},[44,143376,120],{"class":58},[44,143378,34936],{"class":116},[44,143380,113],{"class":58},[44,143382,141673],{"class":116},[44,143384,6011],{"class":58},[44,143386,63],{"class":62},[44,143388,141784],{"class":66},[44,143390,63],{"class":62},[44,143392,83],{"class":58},[44,143394,75],{"class":62},[44,143396,143285],{"class":66},[44,143398,63],{"class":62},[44,143400,3418],{"class":58},[30,143402,2301],{"id":2300},[981,143404,2329,143406,128443],{"id":143405},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143407,127965],{},[20,143409,143410,143411,3384,143413,113],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143412,4112],{},[15,143414,4178],{},[981,143416,5671,143418,143420],{"id":143417},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143419,127965],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143422,143423],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[35,143425,143427],{"className":37,"code":143426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143428,143429],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143430,143431,143433,143435,143437,143439,143441,143443,143445,143447,143449,143451,143453],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143432,34936],{"class":50},[44,143434,113],{"class":58},[44,143436,141673],{"class":116},[44,143438,6011],{"class":58},[44,143440,63],{"class":62},[44,143442,625],{"class":66},[44,143444,63],{"class":62},[44,143446,83],{"class":58},[44,143448,75],{"class":62},[44,143450,639],{"class":66},[44,143452,63],{"class":62},[44,143454,2239],{"class":58},[981,143456,15359,143458,124933],{"id":143457},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143459,127965],{},[20,143461,130126],{},[981,143463,2358,143465,976,143467,2363],{"id":143464},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143466,127965],{},[15,143468,4385],{},[20,143470,143471,143473,143474,143476],{},[15,143472,127965],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143475,4385],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[981,143478,2339,143480,976,143482,9200,143484,2363],{"id":143479},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143481,36302],{},[15,143483,52899],{},[15,143485,127965],{},[20,143487,143488],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[30,143490,2375],{"id":2374},[252,143492,143493,143499,143505,143511,143515],{},[255,143494,143495],{},[625,143496,126597,143497,11221],{"href":130191},[15,143498,126655],{},[255,143500,143501],{},[625,143502,126597,143503,11221],{"href":124607},[15,143504,124592],{},[255,143506,143507],{},[625,143508,126597,143509,11221],{"href":124324},[15,143510,124327],{},[255,143512,143513],{},[625,143514,124996],{"href":123852},[255,143516,143517],{},[625,143518,125352],{"href":51213},[2414,143520,143521],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":143523},[143524,143526,143527,143533,143534,143536,143537,143538,143540,143550,143562],{"id":141719,"depth":102,"text":143525},"What startswith() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":141998,"depth":102,"text":141999,"children":143528},[143529,143530,143531,143532],{"id":141836,"depth":132,"text":141836},{"id":36302,"depth":132,"text":36302},{"id":52899,"depth":132,"text":52899},{"id":142165,"depth":132,"text":142166},{"id":582,"depth":102,"text":583},{"id":142343,"depth":102,"text":143535},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142497,"depth":102,"text":142498},{"id":124243,"depth":102,"text":124244},{"id":142799,"depth":102,"text":143539},"When to use startswith()",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":143541},[143542,143543,143545,143547,143549],{"id":142905,"depth":132,"text":139037},{"id":142988,"depth":132,"text":143544},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":143068,"depth":132,"text":143546},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":143160,"depth":132,"text":143548},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143224,"depth":132,"text":143225},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":143551},[143552,143554,143556,143558,143560],{"id":143405,"depth":132,"text":143553},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143417,"depth":132,"text":143555},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143457,"depth":132,"text":143557},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143464,"depth":132,"text":143559},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143479,"depth":132,"text":143561},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141619,"description":143563},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143570,"title":143571,"body":143572,"description":145026,"extension":2465,"meta":145027,"navigation":169,"path":145028,"seo":145029,"stem":145030,"__hash__":145031},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143573,"toc":144996},[143574,143579,143584,143587,143589,143633,143635,143643,143648,143653,143658,143660,143678,143680,143726,143728,143742,143751,143755,143757,143759,143771,143776,143779,143811,143813,143822,143827,143830,143871,143873,143881,143883,143896,143902,143906,143909,143925,143927,143976,143978,143987,143990,144049,144051,144060,144067,144070,144123,144125,144149,144156,144162,144166,144172,144175,144186,144188,144228,144230,144238,144240,144280,144282,144291,144293,144311,144314,144321,144332,144335,144352,144354,144431,144433,144464,144467,144469,144472,144498,144500,144540,144542,144551,144561,144569,144577,144582,144587,144589,144603,144605,144656,144658,144667,144677,144679,144681,144703,144706,144785,144787,144823,144826,144901,144906,144908,144914,144919,144924,144927,144933,144936,144943,144951,144955,144963,144965,144993],[10,143575,123597,143577,18],{"id":143576},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143578,41887],{},[20,143580,32543,143581,143583],{},[15,143582,41887],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143585,143586],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[30,143588,33],{"id":32},[35,143590,143592],{"className":37,"code":143591,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143593,143594,143607,143622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143595,143596,143598,143600,143602,143605],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143597,34915],{"class":50},[44,143599,55],{"class":54},[44,143601,75],{"class":62},[44,143603,143604],{"class":66},"  hello  ",[44,143606,3865],{"class":62},[44,143608,143609,143612,143614,143616,143618,143620],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143610,143611],{"class":50},"clean_text ",[44,143613,55],{"class":54},[44,143615,43076],{"class":50},[44,143617,113],{"class":58},[44,143619,9129],{"class":116},[44,143621,9138],{"class":58},[44,143623,143624,143626,143628,143631],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,143625,136],{"class":135},[44,143627,120],{"class":58},[44,143629,143630],{"class":116},"clean_text",[44,143632,129],{"class":58},[20,143634,2576],{},[35,143636,143637],{"className":37,"code":138912,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143638,143639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143640,143641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143642,138912],{"class":50},[20,143644,227,143645,143647],{},[15,143646,41887],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[30,143649,243,143651,246],{"id":143650},"what-strip-does",[15,143652,41887],{},[20,143654,143655,143657],{},[15,143656,41887],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143659,13515],{},[252,143661,143662,143666,143669,143672,143675],{},[255,143663,143664,131947],{},[15,143665,41887],{},[255,143667,143668],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[255,143670,143671],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[255,143673,143674],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[255,143676,143677],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143679,269],{},[35,143681,143683],{"className":37,"code":143682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143684,143685,143698,143702,143716],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143686,143687,143689,143691,143693,143696],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143688,34915],{"class":50},[44,143690,55],{"class":54},[44,143692,75],{"class":62},[44,143694,143695],{"class":66},"  hello world  ",[44,143697,3865],{"class":62},[44,143699,143700],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143701,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,143703,143704,143706,143708,143710,143712,143714],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,143705,136],{"class":135},[44,143707,120],{"class":58},[44,143709,34936],{"class":116},[44,143711,113],{"class":58},[44,143713,9129],{"class":116},[44,143715,2188],{"class":58},[44,143717,143718,143720,143722,143724],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,143719,136],{"class":135},[44,143721,120],{"class":58},[44,143723,34936],{"class":116},[44,143725,129],{"class":58},[20,143727,2576],{},[35,143729,143731],{"className":37,"code":143730,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143732,143733,143737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143734,143735],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143736,134613],{"class":50},[44,143738,143739],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143740,143741],{"class":50},"  hello world\n",[20,143743,143744,143745,143747,143748,143750],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143746,41887],{},", but the original ",[15,143749,34936],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143752,125349,143753,113],{},[625,143754,125352],{"href":51213},[30,143756,392],{"id":391},[20,143758,395],{},[252,143760,143761,143766],{},[255,143762,143763],{},[15,143764,143765],{},"string.strip()",[255,143767,143768],{},[15,143769,143770],{},"string.strip(chars)",[981,143772,143774],{"id":143773},"stringstrip",[15,143775,143765],{},[20,143777,143778],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[35,143780,143782],{"className":37,"code":143781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143783,143784,143797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143785,143786,143788,143790,143792,143795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143787,8372],{"class":50},[44,143789,55],{"class":54},[44,143791,75],{"class":62},[44,143793,143794],{"class":66},"  Alice  ",[44,143796,3865],{"class":62},[44,143798,143799,143801,143803,143805,143807,143809],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143800,136],{"class":135},[44,143802,120],{"class":58},[44,143804,67],{"class":116},[44,143806,113],{"class":58},[44,143808,9129],{"class":116},[44,143810,2188],{"class":58},[20,143812,2576],{},[35,143814,143816],{"className":37,"code":143815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Alice\n",[15,143817,143818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143819,143820],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143821,143815],{"class":50},[981,143823,143825],{"id":143824},"stringstripchars",[15,143826,143770],{},[20,143828,143829],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[35,143831,143833],{"className":37,"code":143832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143834,143835,143848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143836,143837,143839,143841,143843,143846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143838,34915],{"class":50},[44,143840,55],{"class":54},[44,143842,75],{"class":62},[44,143844,143845],{"class":66},"!!hello??",[44,143847,3865],{"class":62},[44,143849,143850,143852,143854,143856,143858,143860,143862,143864,143867,143869],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143851,136],{"class":135},[44,143853,120],{"class":58},[44,143855,34936],{"class":116},[44,143857,113],{"class":58},[44,143859,9129],{"class":116},[44,143861,120],{"class":58},[44,143863,63],{"class":62},[44,143865,143866],{"class":66},"!?",[44,143868,63],{"class":62},[44,143870,2239],{"class":58},[20,143872,2576],{},[35,143874,143875],{"className":37,"code":138912,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143876,143877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143878,143879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143880,138912],{"class":50},[20,143882,84063],{},[252,143884,143885,143890],{},[255,143886,143887,143889],{},[15,143888,134856],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[255,143891,143892,143893,143895],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143894,134856],{}," does not matter",[30,143897,143899,143900],{"id":143898},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143901,41887],{},[20,143903,31110,143904,113],{},[15,143905,41887],{},[20,143907,143908],{},"It is useful for:",[252,143910,143911,143916,143919,143922],{},[255,143912,143913,143914,4388],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143915,3464],{},[255,143917,143918],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[255,143920,143921],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[255,143923,143924],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143926,48598],{},[35,143928,143930],{"className":37,"code":143929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143931,143932,143945,143961,143965],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143933,143934,143936,143938,143940,143943],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143935,8456],{"class":50},[44,143937,55],{"class":54},[44,143939,75],{"class":62},[44,143941,143942],{"class":66},"  sam  ",[44,143944,3865],{"class":62},[44,143946,143947,143950,143952,143955,143957,143959],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143948,143949],{"class":50},"clean_username ",[44,143951,55],{"class":54},[44,143953,143954],{"class":50}," username",[44,143956,113],{"class":58},[44,143958,9129],{"class":116},[44,143960,9138],{"class":58},[44,143962,143963],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,143964,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,143966,143967,143969,143971,143974],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,143968,136],{"class":135},[44,143970,120],{"class":58},[44,143972,143973],{"class":116},"clean_username",[44,143975,129],{"class":58},[20,143977,2576],{},[35,143979,143981],{"className":37,"code":143980,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sam\n",[15,143982,143983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143984,143985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143986,143980],{"class":50},[20,143988,143989],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[35,143991,143993],{"className":37,"code":143992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143994,143995,144008,144012,144034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143996,143997,143999,144001,144003,144006],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143998,136840],{"class":50},[44,144000,55],{"class":54},[44,144002,75],{"class":62},[44,144004,144005],{"class":66}," yes  ",[44,144007,3865],{"class":62},[44,144009,144010],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144011,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,144013,144014,144016,144018,144020,144022,144024,144026,144028,144030,144032],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,144015,1345],{"class":1140},[44,144017,136860],{"class":50},[44,144019,113],{"class":58},[44,144021,9129],{"class":116},[44,144023,7862],{"class":58},[44,144025,6909],{"class":54},[44,144027,75],{"class":62},[44,144029,9153],{"class":66},[44,144031,63],{"class":62},[44,144033,1359],{"class":58},[44,144035,144036,144038,144040,144042,144045,144047],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,144037,1387],{"class":135},[44,144039,120],{"class":58},[44,144041,63],{"class":62},[44,144043,144044],{"class":66},"Matched",[44,144046,63],{"class":62},[44,144048,129],{"class":58},[20,144050,2576],{},[35,144052,144054],{"className":37,"code":144053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Matched\n",[15,144055,144056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144057,144058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144059,144053],{"class":50},[20,144061,144062,144063,113],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[625,144064,144066],{"href":144065},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,144068,144069],{},"Example with file-style text:",[35,144071,144073],{"className":37,"code":144072,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,144074,144075,144091,144105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144076,144077,144080,144082,144084,144087,144089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144078,144079],{"class":50},"line ",[44,144081,55],{"class":54},[44,144083,75],{"class":62},[44,144085,144086],{"class":66},"Python basics",[44,144088,87395],{"class":34680},[44,144090,3865],{"class":62},[44,144092,144093,144095,144097,144099,144101,144103],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144094,136],{"class":135},[44,144096,120],{"class":58},[44,144098,42013],{"class":135},[44,144100,120],{"class":58},[44,144102,46],{"class":116},[44,144104,2239],{"class":58},[44,144106,144107,144109,144111,144113,144115,144117,144119,144121],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,144108,136],{"class":135},[44,144110,120],{"class":58},[44,144112,42013],{"class":135},[44,144114,120],{"class":58},[44,144116,46],{"class":116},[44,144118,113],{"class":58},[44,144120,9129],{"class":116},[44,144122,6791],{"class":58},[20,144124,2576],{},[35,144126,144128],{"className":37,"code":144127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,144129,144130,144141],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144131,144132,144134,144136,144139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144133,2197],{"class":43563},[44,144135,144086],{"class":43567},[44,144137,87395],{"class":144138},"sfi6f",[44,144140,29924],{"class":43563},[44,144142,144143,144145,144147],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144144,2197],{"class":43563},[44,144146,144086],{"class":43567},[44,144148,29924],{"class":43563},[20,144150,1785,144151,144153,144154,113],{},[15,144152,122811],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,144155,87395],{},[20,144157,144158,144159,113],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[625,144160,144161],{"href":88048},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[30,144163,144165],{"id":144164},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,144167,144168,144169,113],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,144170,144171],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,144173,144174],{},"Python will:",[252,144176,144177,144180,144183],{},[255,144178,144179],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[255,144181,144182],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[255,144184,144185],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,144187,269],{},[35,144189,144191],{"className":37,"code":144190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144192,144193,144206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144194,144195,144197,144199,144201,144204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144196,34915],{"class":50},[44,144198,55],{"class":54},[44,144200,75],{"class":62},[44,144202,144203],{"class":66},"??hello!!",[44,144205,3865],{"class":62},[44,144207,144208,144210,144212,144214,144216,144218,144220,144222,144224,144226],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144209,136],{"class":135},[44,144211,120],{"class":58},[44,144213,34936],{"class":116},[44,144215,113],{"class":58},[44,144217,9129],{"class":116},[44,144219,120],{"class":58},[44,144221,63],{"class":62},[44,144223,143866],{"class":66},[44,144225,63],{"class":62},[44,144227,2239],{"class":58},[20,144229,2576],{},[35,144231,144232],{"className":37,"code":138912,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,144233,144234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144235,144236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144237,138912],{"class":50},[20,144239,52318],{},[35,144241,144243],{"className":37,"code":144242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,144244,144245,144258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144246,144247,144249,144251,144253,144256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144248,34915],{"class":50},[44,144250,55],{"class":54},[44,144252,75],{"class":62},[44,144254,144255],{"class":66},"abcHelloCba",[44,144257,3865],{"class":62},[44,144259,144260,144262,144264,144266,144268,144270,144272,144274,144276,144278],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144261,136],{"class":135},[44,144263,120],{"class":58},[44,144265,34936],{"class":116},[44,144267,113],{"class":58},[44,144269,9129],{"class":116},[44,144271,120],{"class":58},[44,144273,63],{"class":62},[44,144275,41794],{"class":66},[44,144277,63],{"class":62},[44,144279,2239],{"class":58},[20,144281,2576],{},[35,144283,144285],{"className":37,"code":144284,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HelloC\n",[15,144286,144287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144288,144289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144290,144284],{"class":50},[20,144292,6736],{},[20,144294,144295,588,144298,144300,144301,144303,144304,2695,144306,2699,144308,144310],{},[15,144296,144297],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[590,144299,592],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144302,41794],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144305,625],{},[15,144307,639],{},[15,144309,696],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144312,144313],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144315,144316,144317,765],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[625,144318,144319],{"href":130178},[15,144320,124768],{},[30,144322,144324,967,144326,967,144329],{"id":144323},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144325,41887],{},[15,144327,144328],{},"lstrip()",[15,144330,144331],{},"rstrip()",[20,144333,144334],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[252,144336,144337,144342,144347],{},[255,144338,144339,144341],{},[15,144340,41887],{}," removes from both ends",[255,144343,144344,144346],{},[15,144345,144328],{}," removes from the left side only",[255,144348,144349,144351],{},[15,144350,144331],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144353,269],{},[35,144355,144357],{"className":37,"code":144356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144358,144359,144371,144375,144393,144412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144360,144361,144363,144365,144367,144369],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144362,34915],{"class":50},[44,144364,55],{"class":54},[44,144366,75],{"class":62},[44,144368,143604],{"class":66},[44,144370,3865],{"class":62},[44,144372,144373],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144374,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,144376,144377,144379,144381,144383,144385,144387,144389,144391],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,144378,136],{"class":135},[44,144380,120],{"class":58},[44,144382,42013],{"class":135},[44,144384,120],{"class":58},[44,144386,34936],{"class":116},[44,144388,113],{"class":58},[44,144390,9129],{"class":116},[44,144392,6791],{"class":58},[44,144394,144395,144397,144399,144401,144403,144405,144407,144410],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,144396,136],{"class":135},[44,144398,120],{"class":58},[44,144400,42013],{"class":135},[44,144402,120],{"class":58},[44,144404,34936],{"class":116},[44,144406,113],{"class":58},[44,144408,144409],{"class":116},"lstrip",[44,144411,6791],{"class":58},[44,144413,144414,144416,144418,144420,144422,144424,144426,144429],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,144415,136],{"class":135},[44,144417,120],{"class":58},[44,144419,42013],{"class":135},[44,144421,120],{"class":58},[44,144423,34936],{"class":116},[44,144425,113],{"class":58},[44,144427,144428],{"class":116},"rstrip",[44,144430,6791],{"class":58},[20,144432,2576],{},[35,144434,144436],{"className":37,"code":144435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144437,144438,144446,144455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144439,144440,144442,144444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144441,2197],{"class":43563},[44,144443,4349],{"class":43567},[44,144445,29924],{"class":43563},[44,144447,144448,144450,144453],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144449,2197],{"class":43563},[44,144451,144452],{"class":43567},"hello  ",[44,144454,29924],{"class":43563},[44,144456,144457,144459,144462],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,144458,2197],{"class":43563},[44,144460,144461],{"class":43567},"  hello",[44,144463,29924],{"class":43563},[20,144465,144466],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[30,144468,108605],{"id":108604},[20,144470,144471],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[252,144473,144474,144482,144492,144495],{},[255,144475,144476,144478,144479,144481],{},[15,144477,144297],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144480,41763],{}," once",[255,144483,144484,144485,2695,144487,2699,144489,144491],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144486,625],{},[15,144488,639],{},[15,144490,696],{}," from both ends",[255,144493,144494],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[255,144496,144497],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144499,269],{},[35,144501,144503],{"className":37,"code":144502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144504,144505,144518],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144506,144507,144509,144511,144513,144516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144508,126680],{"class":50},[44,144510,55],{"class":54},[44,144512,75],{"class":62},[44,144514,144515],{"class":66},"txt_report.txt",[44,144517,3865],{"class":62},[44,144519,144520,144522,144524,144526,144528,144530,144532,144534,144536,144538],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144521,136],{"class":135},[44,144523,120],{"class":58},[44,144525,126698],{"class":116},[44,144527,113],{"class":58},[44,144529,9129],{"class":116},[44,144531,120],{"class":58},[44,144533,63],{"class":62},[44,144535,126733],{"class":66},[44,144537,63],{"class":62},[44,144539,2239],{"class":58},[20,144541,2576],{},[35,144543,144545],{"className":37,"code":144544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"_report\n",[15,144546,144547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144548,144549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144550,144544],{"class":50},[20,144552,144553,144554,2695,144556,2699,144558,144560],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144555,113],{},[15,144557,63528],{},[15,144559,1696],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144562,53892,144563,5285,144566,144568],{},[15,144564,144565],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[590,144567,592],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144570,144571,144572,144576],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[625,144573,144574],{"href":130178},[15,144575,124768],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[30,144578,769,144580],{"id":144579},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144581,41887],{},[20,144583,227,144584,144586],{},[15,144585,41887],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144588,36656],{},[252,144590,144591,144595,144597,144600],{},[255,144592,143913,144593,4388],{},[15,144594,3464],{},[255,144596,143918],{},[255,144598,144599],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[255,144601,144602],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144604,269],{},[35,144606,144608],{"className":37,"code":144607,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144609,144610,144624,144628,144641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144611,144612,144615,144617,144619,144622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144613,144614],{"class":50},"email ",[44,144616,55],{"class":54},[44,144618,75],{"class":62},[44,144620,144621],{"class":66},"  user@example.com  ",[44,144623,3865],{"class":62},[44,144625,144626],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144627,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,144629,144630,144632,144635,144637,144639],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,144631,1345],{"class":1140},[44,144633,144634],{"class":50}," email",[44,144636,113],{"class":58},[44,144638,9129],{"class":116},[44,144640,22034],{"class":58},[44,144642,144643,144645,144647,144649,144652,144654],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,144644,1387],{"class":135},[44,144646,120],{"class":58},[44,144648,63],{"class":62},[44,144650,144651],{"class":66},"Email was entered",[44,144653,63],{"class":62},[44,144655,129],{"class":58},[20,144657,2576],{},[35,144659,144661],{"className":37,"code":144660,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Email was entered\n",[15,144662,144663],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144664,144665],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144666,144660],{"class":50},[20,144668,144669,144670,144672,144673,113],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144671,41887],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[625,144674,144675],{"href":124324},[15,144676,124327],{},[30,144678,3335],{"id":3334},[20,144680,84482],{},[252,144682,144683,144687,144692,144697],{},[255,144684,1904,144685,131817],{},[15,144686,41887],{},[255,144688,1904,144689,144691],{},[15,144690,41887],{}," to remove text from the middle",[255,144693,1785,144694,144696],{},[15,144695,144565],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[255,144698,1675,144699,144702],{},[15,144700,144701],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144704,144705],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[35,144707,144709],{"className":37,"code":144708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144710,144711,144725,144729,144739,144753,144767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144712,144713,144715,144717,144719,144721,144723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144714,34915],{"class":50},[44,144716,55],{"class":54},[44,144718,75],{"class":62},[44,144720,144461],{"class":66},[44,144722,87395],{"class":34680},[44,144724,3865],{"class":62},[44,144726,144727],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144728,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,144730,144731,144733,144735,144737],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,144732,136],{"class":135},[44,144734,120],{"class":58},[44,144736,34936],{"class":116},[44,144738,129],{"class":58},[44,144740,144741,144743,144745,144747,144749,144751],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,144742,136],{"class":135},[44,144744,120],{"class":58},[44,144746,42013],{"class":135},[44,144748,120],{"class":58},[44,144750,34936],{"class":116},[44,144752,2239],{"class":58},[44,144754,144755,144757,144759,144761,144763,144765],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,144756,136],{"class":135},[44,144758,120],{"class":58},[44,144760,34936],{"class":116},[44,144762,113],{"class":58},[44,144764,9129],{"class":116},[44,144766,2188],{"class":58},[44,144768,144769,144771,144773,144775,144777,144779,144781,144783],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,144770,136],{"class":135},[44,144772,120],{"class":58},[44,144774,42013],{"class":135},[44,144776,120],{"class":58},[44,144778,34936],{"class":116},[44,144780,113],{"class":58},[44,144782,9129],{"class":116},[44,144784,6791],{"class":58},[20,144786,2576],{},[35,144788,144790],{"className":37,"code":144789,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144791,144792,144797,144801,144811,144815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144793,144794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144795,144796],{"class":50},"  hello\n",[44,144798,144799],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144800,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,144802,144803,144805,144807,144809],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,144804,2197],{"class":43563},[44,144806,144461],{"class":43567},[44,144808,87395],{"class":144138},[44,144810,29924],{"class":43563},[44,144812,144813],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,144814,138912],{"class":50},[44,144816,144817,144819,144821],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,144818,2197],{"class":43563},[44,144820,4349],{"class":43567},[44,144822,29924],{"class":43563},[20,144824,144825],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[35,144827,144829],{"className":37,"code":144828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144830,144831,144841,144855,144869,144887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144832,144833,144835,144837,144839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144834,136],{"class":135},[44,144836,120],{"class":58},[44,144838,34936],{"class":116},[44,144840,129],{"class":58},[44,144842,144843,144845,144847,144849,144851,144853],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144844,136],{"class":135},[44,144846,120],{"class":58},[44,144848,42013],{"class":135},[44,144850,120],{"class":58},[44,144852,34936],{"class":116},[44,144854,2239],{"class":58},[44,144856,144857,144859,144861,144863,144865,144867],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,144858,136],{"class":135},[44,144860,120],{"class":58},[44,144862,34936],{"class":116},[44,144864,113],{"class":58},[44,144866,9129],{"class":116},[44,144868,2188],{"class":58},[44,144870,144871,144873,144875,144877,144879,144881,144883,144885],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,144872,136],{"class":135},[44,144874,120],{"class":58},[44,144876,42013],{"class":135},[44,144878,120],{"class":58},[44,144880,34936],{"class":116},[44,144882,113],{"class":58},[44,144884,9129],{"class":116},[44,144886,6791],{"class":58},[44,144888,144889,144891,144893,144895,144897,144899],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,144890,32378],{"class":135},[44,144892,120],{"class":58},[44,144894,3950],{"class":2248},[44,144896,113],{"class":58},[44,144898,9129],{"class":25189},[44,144900,129],{"class":58},[20,144902,144903,144905],{},[15,144904,122811],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[30,144907,2301],{"id":2300},[981,144909,2329,144911,144913],{"id":144910},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144912,41887],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144915,46601,144916,144918],{},[15,144917,41887],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[981,144920,2329,144922,124924],{"id":144921},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144923,41887],{},[20,144925,144926],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[981,144928,5643,144930,144932],{"id":144929},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144931,41887],{}," remove by default?",[20,144934,144935],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[981,144937,34432,144939,34435,144941,2363],{"id":144938},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144940,41887],{},[15,144942,124768],{},[20,144944,144945,144947,144948,144950],{},[15,144946,41887],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144949,124768],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[981,144952,144954],{"id":144953},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144956,128470,144957,144959,144960,144962],{},[15,144958,144328],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144961,144331],{}," for the right side.",[30,144964,2375],{"id":2374},[252,144966,144967,144973,144979,144984,144989],{},[255,144968,144969],{},[625,144970,126597,144971,11221],{"href":124324},[15,144972,124327],{},[255,144974,144975],{},[625,144976,126597,144977,11221],{"href":130178},[15,144978,124768],{},[255,144980,144981],{},[625,144982,144983],{"href":144065},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[255,144985,144986],{},[625,144987,144988],{"href":88048},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[255,144990,144991],{},[625,144992,125352],{"href":51213},[2414,144994,144995],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":144997},[144998,144999,145001,145005,145007,145008,145010,145011,145013,145014,145025],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":143650,"depth":102,"text":145000},"What strip() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392,"children":145002},[145003,145004],{"id":143773,"depth":132,"text":143765},{"id":143824,"depth":132,"text":143770},{"id":143898,"depth":102,"text":145006},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":144164,"depth":102,"text":144165},{"id":144323,"depth":102,"text":145009},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108604,"depth":102,"text":108605},{"id":144579,"depth":102,"text":145012},"When to use strip()",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":145015},[145016,145018,145020,145022,145024],{"id":144910,"depth":132,"text":145017},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144921,"depth":132,"text":145019},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144929,"depth":132,"text":145021},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144938,"depth":132,"text":145023},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144953,"depth":132,"text":144954},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143571,"description":145026},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":145033,"title":145034,"body":145035,"description":146215,"extension":2465,"meta":146216,"navigation":169,"path":146217,"seo":146218,"stem":146219,"__hash__":146220},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":145036,"toc":146185},[145037,145042,145047,145052,145054,145100,145108,145113,145127,145133,145135,145137,145152,145154,145164,145167,145198,145201,145224,145226,145229,145286,145288,145302,145304,145318,145324,145329,145332,145373,145375,145384,145392,145395,145440,145442,145451,145454,145458,145463,145477,145479,145511,145513,145533,145536,145541,145546,145548,145559,145562,145619,145621,145629,145638,145640,145642,145648,145650,145687,145689,145697,145699,145740,145742,145751,145756,145761,145763,145790,145797,145800,145831,145833,145842,145848,145857,145888,145890,145902,145915,145919,145924,145954,145956,146023,146025,146035,146037,146042,146045,146050,146055,146059,146065,146071,146074,146076,146134,146136,146144,146146,146182],[10,145038,123597,145040,18],{"id":145039},"python-string-upper-method",[15,145041,128475],{},[20,145043,123602,145044,145046],{},[15,145045,128475],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,145048,84859,145049,145051],{},[15,145050,128475],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[30,145053,2507],{"id":2506},[35,145055,145057],{"className":37,"code":145056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145058,145059,145071,145085,145095],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145060,145061,145063,145065,145067,145069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145062,34915],{"class":50},[44,145064,55],{"class":54},[44,145066,75],{"class":62},[44,145068,129316],{"class":66},[44,145070,3865],{"class":62},[44,145072,145073,145075,145077,145079,145081,145083],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145074,1953],{"class":50},[44,145076,55],{"class":54},[44,145078,43076],{"class":50},[44,145080,113],{"class":58},[44,145082,34705],{"class":116},[44,145084,9138],{"class":58},[44,145086,145087,145089,145091,145093],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,145088,136],{"class":135},[44,145090,120],{"class":58},[44,145092,1984],{"class":116},[44,145094,129],{"class":58},[44,145096,145097],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,145098,145099],{"class":147},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,145101,145102,145104,145105,145107],{},[15,145103,128475],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[590,145106,592],{}," change the original string in place.",[30,145109,243,145111,246],{"id":145110},"what-upper-does",[15,145112,128475],{},[252,145114,145115,145120,145123,145125],{},[255,145116,145117,145119],{},[15,145118,128475],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[255,145121,145122],{},"It works on string values only",[255,145124,133845],{},[255,145126,136563],{},[20,145128,125349,145129,3384,145131,113],{},[625,145130,136569],{"href":136568},[625,145132,125352],{"href":51213},[30,145134,392],{"id":391},[20,145136,2666],{},[35,145138,145140],{"className":37,"code":145139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.upper()\n",[15,145141,145142],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145143,145144,145146,145148,145150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145145,61415],{"class":50},[44,145147,113],{"class":58},[44,145149,34705],{"class":116},[44,145151,9138],{"class":58},[20,145153,11935],{},[252,145155,145156,145158,145161],{},[255,145157,97770],{},[255,145159,145160],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[255,145162,145163],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,145165,145166],{},"Example with a variable:",[35,145168,145170],{"className":37,"code":145169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,145171,145172,145184],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145173,145174,145176,145178,145180,145182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145175,8372],{"class":50},[44,145177,55],{"class":54},[44,145179,75],{"class":62},[44,145181,39],{"class":66},[44,145183,3865],{"class":62},[44,145185,145186,145188,145190,145192,145194,145196],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145187,136],{"class":135},[44,145189,120],{"class":58},[44,145191,67],{"class":116},[44,145193,113],{"class":58},[44,145195,34705],{"class":116},[44,145197,2188],{"class":58},[20,145199,145200],{},"Example with a string literal:",[35,145202,145204],{"className":37,"code":145203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,145205,145206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145207,145208,145210,145212,145214,145216,145218,145220,145222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145209,136],{"class":135},[44,145211,120],{"class":58},[44,145213,63],{"class":62},[44,145215,4349],{"class":66},[44,145217,63],{"class":62},[44,145219,113],{"class":58},[44,145221,34705],{"class":116},[44,145223,2188],{"class":58},[30,145225,11952],{"id":11951},[20,145227,145228],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[35,145230,145232],{"className":37,"code":145231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,145233,145234,145246,145261,145265,145275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145235,145236,145238,145240,145242,145244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145237,6655],{"class":50},[44,145239,55],{"class":54},[44,145241,75],{"class":62},[44,145243,4591],{"class":66},[44,145245,3865],{"class":62},[44,145247,145248,145251,145253,145255,145257,145259],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145249,145250],{"class":50},"uppercase_word ",[44,145252,55],{"class":54},[44,145254,38613],{"class":50},[44,145256,113],{"class":58},[44,145258,34705],{"class":116},[44,145260,9138],{"class":58},[44,145262,145263],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,145264,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,145266,145267,145269,145271,145273],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,145268,136],{"class":135},[44,145270,120],{"class":58},[44,145272,38623],{"class":116},[44,145274,129],{"class":58},[44,145276,145277,145279,145281,145284],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,145278,136],{"class":135},[44,145280,120],{"class":58},[44,145282,145283],{"class":116},"uppercase_word",[44,145285,129],{"class":58},[20,145287,2576],{},[35,145289,145291],{"className":37,"code":145290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145292,145293,145297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145294,145295],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145296,70648],{"class":50},[44,145298,145299],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145300,145301],{"class":34680},"BANANA\n",[20,145303,112711],{},[252,145305,145306,145311],{},[255,145307,145308,145310],{},[15,145309,38623],{}," keeps its original value",[255,145312,145313,145315,145316],{},[15,145314,145283],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145317,128475],{},[30,145319,145321,145323],{"id":145320},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145322,128475],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145325,137229,145326,145328],{},[590,145327,137232],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145330,145331],{},"So this method:",[35,145333,145335],{"className":37,"code":145334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145336,145337,145349,145359,145363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145338,145339,145341,145343,145345,145347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145340,8372],{"class":50},[44,145342,55],{"class":54},[44,145344,75],{"class":62},[44,145346,18255],{"class":66},[44,145348,3865],{"class":62},[44,145350,145351,145353,145355,145357],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145352,67],{"class":50},[44,145354,113],{"class":58},[44,145356,34705],{"class":116},[44,145358,9138],{"class":58},[44,145360,145361],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,145362,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,145364,145365,145367,145369,145371],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,145366,136],{"class":135},[44,145368,120],{"class":58},[44,145370,67],{"class":116},[44,145372,129],{"class":58},[20,145374,2576],{},[35,145376,145378],{"className":37,"code":145377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"alice\n",[15,145379,145380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145381,145382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145383,145377],{"class":50},[20,145385,21421,145386,145388,145389,145391],{},[15,145387,128475],{}," was called, ",[15,145390,67],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145393,145394],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[35,145396,145398],{"className":37,"code":145397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145399,145400,145412,145426,145430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145401,145402,145404,145406,145408,145410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145403,8372],{"class":50},[44,145405,55],{"class":54},[44,145407,75],{"class":62},[44,145409,18255],{"class":66},[44,145411,3865],{"class":62},[44,145413,145414,145416,145418,145420,145422,145424],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145415,8372],{"class":50},[44,145417,55],{"class":54},[44,145419,36221],{"class":50},[44,145421,113],{"class":58},[44,145423,34705],{"class":116},[44,145425,9138],{"class":58},[44,145427,145428],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,145429,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,145431,145432,145434,145436,145438],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,145433,136],{"class":135},[44,145435,120],{"class":58},[44,145437,67],{"class":116},[44,145439,129],{"class":58},[20,145441,2576],{},[35,145443,145445],{"className":37,"code":145444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ALICE\n",[15,145446,145447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145448,145449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145450,145444],{"class":34680},[20,145452,145453],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[30,145455,145457],{"id":145456},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145459,145460,145462],{},[15,145461,128475],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[252,145464,145465,145468,145471,145474],{},[255,145466,145467],{},"Numbers stay the same",[255,145469,145470],{},"Spaces stay the same",[255,145472,145473],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[255,145475,145476],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145478,269],{},[35,145480,145482],{"className":37,"code":145481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145483,145484,145497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145485,145486,145488,145490,145492,145495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145487,34915],{"class":50},[44,145489,55],{"class":54},[44,145491,75],{"class":62},[44,145493,145494],{"class":66},"Room 7, table #3!",[44,145496,3865],{"class":62},[44,145498,145499,145501,145503,145505,145507,145509],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145500,136],{"class":135},[44,145502,120],{"class":58},[44,145504,34936],{"class":116},[44,145506,113],{"class":58},[44,145508,34705],{"class":116},[44,145510,2188],{"class":58},[20,145512,2576],{},[35,145514,145516],{"className":37,"code":145515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145517,145518],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145519,145520,145523,145525,145527,145530],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145521,145522],{"class":34680},"ROOM",[44,145524,6495],{"class":95},[44,145526,83],{"class":58},[44,145528,145529],{"class":34680}," TABLE",[44,145531,145532],{"class":147}," #3!\n",[20,145534,145535],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[30,145537,769,145539],{"id":145538},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145540,128475],{},[20,145542,145543,145545],{},[15,145544,128475],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145547,48576],{},[252,145549,145550,145553,145556],{},[255,145551,145552],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[255,145554,145555],{},"Format labels or headings",[255,145557,145558],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145560,145561],{},"Example: simple comparison",[35,145563,145565],{"className":37,"code":145564,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145566,145567,145579,145583,145605],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145568,145569,145571,145573,145575,145577],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145570,136840],{"class":50},[44,145572,55],{"class":54},[44,145574,75],{"class":62},[44,145576,9153],{"class":66},[44,145578,3865],{"class":62},[44,145580,145581],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145582,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,145584,145585,145587,145589,145591,145593,145595,145597,145599,145601,145603],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,145586,1345],{"class":1140},[44,145588,136860],{"class":50},[44,145590,113],{"class":58},[44,145592,34705],{"class":116},[44,145594,7862],{"class":58},[44,145596,6909],{"class":54},[44,145598,75],{"class":62},[44,145600,136847],{"class":66},[44,145602,63],{"class":62},[44,145604,1359],{"class":58},[44,145606,145607,145609,145611,145613,145615,145617],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,145608,1387],{"class":135},[44,145610,120],{"class":58},[44,145612,63],{"class":62},[44,145614,144044],{"class":66},[44,145616,63],{"class":62},[44,145618,129],{"class":58},[20,145620,2576],{},[35,145622,145623],{"className":37,"code":144053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145624,145625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145626,145627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145628,144053],{"class":50},[20,145630,145631,145632,2695,145634,2699,145636,113],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145633,9153],{},[15,145635,137633],{},[15,145637,136847],{},[30,145639,3335],{"id":3334},[981,145641,96131],{"id":96130},[20,145643,8611,145644,145647],{},[15,145645,145646],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145649,17098],{},[35,145651,145653],{"className":37,"code":145652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145654,145655,145667,145677],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145656,145657,145659,145661,145663,145665],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145658,34915],{"class":50},[44,145660,55],{"class":54},[44,145662,75],{"class":62},[44,145664,4349],{"class":66},[44,145666,3865],{"class":62},[44,145668,145669,145671,145673,145675],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145670,34936],{"class":50},[44,145672,113],{"class":58},[44,145674,34705],{"class":116},[44,145676,9138],{"class":58},[44,145678,145679,145681,145683,145685],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,145680,136],{"class":135},[44,145682,120],{"class":58},[44,145684,34936],{"class":116},[44,145686,129],{"class":58},[20,145688,2576],{},[35,145690,145691],{"className":37,"code":138912,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145692,145693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145694,145695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145696,138912],{"class":50},[20,145698,17110],{},[35,145700,145702],{"className":37,"code":145701,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145703,145704,145716,145730],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145705,145706,145708,145710,145712,145714],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145707,34915],{"class":50},[44,145709,55],{"class":54},[44,145711,75],{"class":62},[44,145713,4349],{"class":66},[44,145715,3865],{"class":62},[44,145717,145718,145720,145722,145724,145726,145728],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145719,34915],{"class":50},[44,145721,55],{"class":54},[44,145723,43076],{"class":50},[44,145725,113],{"class":58},[44,145727,34705],{"class":116},[44,145729,9138],{"class":58},[44,145731,145732,145734,145736,145738],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,145733,136],{"class":135},[44,145735,120],{"class":58},[44,145737,34936],{"class":116},[44,145739,129],{"class":58},[20,145741,2576],{},[35,145743,145745],{"className":37,"code":145744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HELLO\n",[15,145746,145747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145748,145749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145750,145744],{"class":34680},[981,145752,19357,145754,137519],{"id":145753},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145755,128475],{},[20,145757,145758,145760],{},[15,145759,128475],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145762,269],{},[35,145764,145766],{"className":37,"code":145765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145767,145768,145776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145769,145770,145772,145774],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145771,2723],{"class":50},[44,145773,55],{"class":54},[44,145775,125279],{"class":95},[44,145777,145778,145780,145782,145784,145786,145788],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145779,136],{"class":135},[44,145781,120],{"class":58},[44,145783,2744],{"class":116},[44,145785,113],{"class":58},[44,145787,34705],{"class":116},[44,145789,2188],{"class":58},[20,145791,39886,145792,145794,145795,33827],{},[15,145793,2694],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145796,128475],{},[20,145798,145799],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[35,145801,145803],{"className":37,"code":145802,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145804,145805,145813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145806,145807,145809,145811],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145808,2723],{"class":50},[44,145810,55],{"class":54},[44,145812,125279],{"class":95},[44,145814,145815,145817,145819,145821,145823,145825,145827,145829],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145816,136],{"class":135},[44,145818,120],{"class":58},[44,145820,3950],{"class":2248},[44,145822,120],{"class":58},[44,145824,2744],{"class":116},[44,145826,9126],{"class":58},[44,145828,34705],{"class":116},[44,145830,2188],{"class":58},[20,145832,2576],{},[35,145834,145836],{"className":37,"code":145835,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"123\n",[15,145837,145838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145839,145840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145841,145835],{"class":95},[981,145843,37435,145845,145847],{"id":145844},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145846,128475],{}," with title case",[20,145849,145850,145852,145853,145856],{},[15,145851,128475],{}," makes ",[590,145854,145855],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[35,145858,145860],{"className":37,"code":145859,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145861,145862,145874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145863,145864,145866,145868,145870,145872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145865,34915],{"class":50},[44,145867,55],{"class":54},[44,145869,75],{"class":62},[44,145871,60647],{"class":66},[44,145873,3865],{"class":62},[44,145875,145876,145878,145880,145882,145884,145886],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145877,136],{"class":135},[44,145879,120],{"class":58},[44,145881,34936],{"class":116},[44,145883,113],{"class":58},[44,145885,34705],{"class":116},[44,145887,2188],{"class":58},[20,145889,2576],{},[35,145891,145893],{"className":37,"code":145892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145894,145895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145896,145897,145899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145898,136621],{"class":34680},[44,145900,145901],{"class":34680}," WORLD\n",[20,145903,145904,145905,145909,145910,145914],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[625,145906,145907],{"href":124324},[15,145908,124327],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[625,145911,145912],{"href":130178},[15,145913,124768],{}," changes parts of a string.",[30,145916,145918],{"id":145917},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145920,145921,145922,72],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145923,128475],{},[252,145925,145926,145933,145940,145947],{},[255,145927,145928,145932],{},[625,145929,145930],{"href":124324},[15,145931,124327],{}," for lowercase text",[255,145934,145935,145939],{},[625,145936,145937],{"href":137167},[15,145938,41887],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[255,145941,145942,145946],{},[625,145943,145944],{"href":130178},[15,145945,124768],{}," for changing parts of a string",[255,145948,145949,976,145951,145953],{},[15,145950,127965],{},[15,145952,126655],{}," for checks",[20,145955,269],{},[35,145957,145959],{"className":37,"code":145958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145960,145961,145973,145977,145992,146008,146012],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145962,145963,145965,145967,145969,145971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145964,34915],{"class":50},[44,145966,55],{"class":54},[44,145968,75],{"class":62},[44,145970,143695],{"class":66},[44,145972,3865],{"class":62},[44,145974,145975],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145976,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,145978,145979,145982,145984,145986,145988,145990],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,145980,145981],{"class":50},"cleaned ",[44,145983,55],{"class":54},[44,145985,43076],{"class":50},[44,145987,113],{"class":58},[44,145989,9129],{"class":116},[44,145991,9138],{"class":58},[44,145993,145994,145997,145999,146002,146004,146006],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,145995,145996],{"class":50},"loud ",[44,145998,55],{"class":54},[44,146000,146001],{"class":50}," cleaned",[44,146003,113],{"class":58},[44,146005,34705],{"class":116},[44,146007,9138],{"class":58},[44,146009,146010],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,146011,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,146013,146014,146016,146018,146021],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,146015,136],{"class":135},[44,146017,120],{"class":58},[44,146019,146020],{"class":116},"loud",[44,146022,129],{"class":58},[20,146024,2576],{},[35,146026,146027],{"className":37,"code":145892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146028,146029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146030,146031,146033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146032,136621],{"class":34680},[44,146034,145901],{"class":34680},[30,146036,2301],{"id":2300},[981,146038,2329,146040,124924],{"id":146039},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,146041,128475],{},[20,146043,146044],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[981,146046,2329,146048,137901],{"id":146047},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,146049,128475],{},[20,146051,146052,146053,113],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,146054,145646],{},[981,146056,146058],{"id":146057},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,146060,146061,146062,146064],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,146063,128475],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[981,146066,2339,146068,146070],{"id":146067},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,146069,128475],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,146072,146073],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,146075,269],{},[35,146077,146079],{"className":37,"code":146078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,146080,146081,146093,146106,146110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146082,146083,146085,146087,146089,146091],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146084,3058],{"class":50},[44,146086,55],{"class":54},[44,146088,75],{"class":62},[44,146090,39],{"class":66},[44,146092,3865],{"class":62},[44,146094,146095,146097,146099,146101,146104],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146096,3086],{"class":50},[44,146098,55],{"class":54},[44,146100,75],{"class":62},[44,146102,146103],{"class":66},"PYTHON",[44,146105,3865],{"class":62},[44,146107,146108],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,146109,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,146111,146112,146114,146116,146118,146120,146122,146124,146126,146128,146130,146132],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,146113,136],{"class":135},[44,146115,120],{"class":58},[44,146117,625],{"class":116},[44,146119,113],{"class":58},[44,146121,34705],{"class":116},[44,146123,7862],{"class":58},[44,146125,6909],{"class":54},[44,146127,3063],{"class":116},[44,146129,113],{"class":58},[44,146131,34705],{"class":116},[44,146133,2188],{"class":58},[20,146135,2576],{},[35,146137,146138],{"className":37,"code":4482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146139,146140],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146141,146142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146143,4482],{"class":1266},[30,146145,2375],{"id":2374},[252,146147,146148,146152,146158,146164,146170,146174,146178],{},[255,146149,146150],{},[625,146151,125352],{"href":51213},[255,146153,146154],{},[625,146155,126597,146156,11221],{"href":124324},[15,146157,124327],{},[255,146159,146160],{},[625,146161,126597,146162,11221],{"href":137167},[15,146163,41887],{},[255,146165,146166],{},[625,146167,126597,146168,11221],{"href":130178},[15,146169,124768],{},[255,146171,146172],{},[625,146173,90925],{"href":89934},[255,146175,146176],{},[625,146177,124996],{"href":123852},[255,146179,146180],{},[625,146181,137987],{"href":136568},[2414,146183,146184],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":146186},[146187,146188,146190,146191,146192,146194,146195,146197,146204,146205,146214],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":145110,"depth":102,"text":146189},"What upper() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952},{"id":145320,"depth":102,"text":146193},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145456,"depth":102,"text":145457},{"id":145538,"depth":102,"text":146196},"When to use upper()",{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":146198},[146199,146200,146202],{"id":96130,"depth":132,"text":96131},{"id":145753,"depth":132,"text":146201},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145844,"depth":132,"text":146203},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145917,"depth":102,"text":145918},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":146206},[146207,146209,146211,146212],{"id":146039,"depth":132,"text":146208},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":146047,"depth":132,"text":146210},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":146057,"depth":132,"text":146058},{"id":146067,"depth":132,"text":146213},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":145034,"description":146215},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146222,"title":146223,"body":146224,"description":148101,"extension":2465,"meta":148102,"navigation":169,"path":148103,"seo":148104,"stem":148105,"__hash__":148106},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146225,"toc":148051},[146226,146232,146239,146245,146247,146303,146308,146313,146318,146321,146340,146343,146345,146369,146387,146398,146400,146403,146456,146458,146466,146468,146486,146491,146494,146551,146553,146562,146565,146585,146588,146594,146599,146601,146644,146646,146654,146657,146698,146700,146709,146715,146721,146748,146750,146758,146763,146767,146779,146822,146824,146832,146837,146843,146848,146852,146854,146897,146900,146947,146949,146958,146965,146969,146972,147018,147023,147027,147029,147072,147075,147083,147085,147090,147092,147094,147113,147116,147128,147130,147149,147151,147159,147163,147165,147216,147219,147294,147296,147304,147307,147311,147313,147360,147363,147434,147436,147444,147450,147452,147527,147531,147610,147612,147620,147626,147632,147637,147642,147691,147695,147766,147769,147774,147785,147788,147799,147809,147811,147816,147841,147846,147927,147929,147954,147956,147961,147964,147970,147979,147985,147988,147994,148000,148007,148010,148012,148048],[10,146227,4083,146229,4087],{"id":146228},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,146230,146231],{},"sum()",[20,146233,9616,146234,146236,146237,25203],{},[15,146235,146231],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,146238,60239],{},[20,146240,146241,146242,146244],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,146243,36302],{}," value and a few important limits.",[30,146246,2507],{"id":2506},[35,146248,146250],{"className":37,"code":146249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,146251,146252,146276,146291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146253,146254,146256,146258,146260,146262,146264,146266,146268,146270,146272,146274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146255,1551],{"class":50},[44,146257,55],{"class":54},[44,146259,1556],{"class":58},[44,146261,1588],{"class":95},[44,146263,83],{"class":58},[44,146265,1717],{"class":95},[44,146267,83],{"class":58},[44,146269,2955],{"class":95},[44,146271,83],{"class":58},[44,146273,2961],{"class":95},[44,146275,1153],{"class":58},[44,146277,146278,146280,146282,146285,146287,146289],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146279,41416],{"class":50},[44,146281,55],{"class":54},[44,146283,146284],{"class":135}," sum",[44,146286,120],{"class":58},[44,146288,1579],{"class":116},[44,146290,129],{"class":58},[44,146292,146293,146295,146297,146299,146301],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,146294,136],{"class":135},[44,146296,120],{"class":58},[44,146298,41445],{"class":116},[44,146300,144],{"class":58},[44,146302,727],{"class":147},[20,146304,227,146305,146307],{},[15,146306,146231],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[30,146309,243,146311,246],{"id":146310},"what-sum-does",[15,146312,146231],{},[20,146314,146315,146317],{},[15,146316,146231],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146319,146320],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[252,146322,146323,146326,146329,146334],{},[255,146324,146325],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[255,146327,146328],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[255,146330,146331,146332],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146333,36428],{},[255,146335,146336,146337,146339],{},"Counting ",[15,146338,4112],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146341,146342],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[30,146344,392],{"id":391},[35,146346,146348],{"className":37,"code":146347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146349,146350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146351,146352,146355,146357,146359,146361,146363,146365,146367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146353,146354],{"class":135},"sum",[44,146356,120],{"class":58},[44,146358,4224],{"class":116},[44,146360,83],{"class":58},[44,146362,36281],{"class":9668},[44,146364,55],{"class":54},[44,146366,2626],{"class":95},[44,146368,129],{"class":58},[252,146370,146371,146376,146381],{},[255,146372,146373,146375],{},[15,146374,4224],{}," is the group of values to add",[255,146377,146378,146380],{},[15,146379,36302],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[255,146382,146383,146384],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146385,146386],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146388,146389,146390,146393,146394,113],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146391,146392,4224],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[625,146395,146396,25056],{"href":36425},[15,146397,36428],{},[30,146399,11952],{"id":11951},[20,146401,146402],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[35,146404,146406],{"className":37,"code":146405,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146407,146408,146428,146442,146446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146409,146410,146412,146414,146416,146418,146420,146422,146424,146426],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146411,1551],{"class":50},[44,146413,55],{"class":54},[44,146415,1556],{"class":58},[44,146417,2643],{"class":95},[44,146419,83],{"class":58},[44,146421,632],{"class":95},[44,146423,83],{"class":58},[44,146425,38168],{"class":95},[44,146427,1153],{"class":58},[44,146429,146430,146432,146434,146436,146438,146440],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146431,41416],{"class":50},[44,146433,55],{"class":54},[44,146435,146284],{"class":135},[44,146437,120],{"class":58},[44,146439,1579],{"class":116},[44,146441,129],{"class":58},[44,146443,146444],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,146445,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,146447,146448,146450,146452,146454],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,146449,136],{"class":135},[44,146451,120],{"class":58},[44,146453,41445],{"class":116},[44,146455,129],{"class":58},[20,146457,2576],{},[35,146459,146460],{"className":37,"code":70082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146461,146462],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146463,146464],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146465,70082],{"class":95},[20,146467,12158],{},[252,146469,146470,146475,146481],{},[255,146471,146472,146474],{},[15,146473,1579],{}," contains three integers",[255,146476,146477,146480],{},[15,146478,146479],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[255,146482,146483,146484],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146485,41445],{},[30,146487,36843,146489,8928],{"id":146488},"using-the-start-value",[15,146490,36302],{},[20,146492,146493],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[35,146495,146497],{"className":37,"code":146496,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146498,146499,146519,146537,146541],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146500,146501,146503,146505,146507,146509,146511,146513,146515,146517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146502,1551],{"class":50},[44,146504,55],{"class":54},[44,146506,1556],{"class":58},[44,146508,1588],{"class":95},[44,146510,83],{"class":58},[44,146512,1717],{"class":95},[44,146514,83],{"class":58},[44,146516,2955],{"class":95},[44,146518,1153],{"class":58},[44,146520,146521,146523,146525,146527,146529,146531,146533,146535],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146522,41416],{"class":50},[44,146524,55],{"class":54},[44,146526,146284],{"class":135},[44,146528,120],{"class":58},[44,146530,1579],{"class":116},[44,146532,83],{"class":58},[44,146534,632],{"class":95},[44,146536,129],{"class":58},[44,146538,146539],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,146540,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,146542,146543,146545,146547,146549],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,146544,136],{"class":135},[44,146546,120],{"class":58},[44,146548,41445],{"class":116},[44,146550,129],{"class":58},[20,146552,2576],{},[35,146554,146556],{"className":37,"code":146555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"16\n",[15,146557,146558],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146559,146560],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146561,146555],{"class":95},[20,146563,146564],{},"This works like:",[252,146566,146567,146572,146577,146581],{},[255,146568,146569,146570],{},"Start at ",[15,146571,1559],{},[255,146573,146574,146575],{},"Add ",[15,146576,1588],{},[255,146578,146574,146579],{},[15,146580,2561],{},[255,146582,146574,146583],{},[15,146584,2567],{},[20,146586,146587],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[30,146589,243,146591,146593],{"id":146590},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146592,146231],{}," can work with",[20,146595,146596,146598],{},[15,146597,146231],{}," works with numeric values.",[981,146600,40658],{"id":40657},[35,146602,146604],{"className":37,"code":146603,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146605,146606,146630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146607,146608,146610,146612,146614,146616,146618,146620,146622,146624,146626,146628],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146609,4327],{"class":50},[44,146611,55],{"class":54},[44,146613,1556],{"class":58},[44,146615,1588],{"class":95},[44,146617,83],{"class":58},[44,146619,1717],{"class":95},[44,146621,83],{"class":58},[44,146623,2955],{"class":95},[44,146625,83],{"class":58},[44,146627,2961],{"class":95},[44,146629,1153],{"class":58},[44,146631,146632,146634,146636,146638,146640,146642],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146633,136],{"class":135},[44,146635,120],{"class":58},[44,146637,146354],{"class":135},[44,146639,120],{"class":58},[44,146641,5860],{"class":116},[44,146643,2239],{"class":58},[20,146645,2576],{},[35,146647,146648],{"className":37,"code":2880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146649,146650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146651,146652],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146653,2880],{"class":95},[981,146655,146656],{"id":52284},"Floats",[35,146658,146660],{"className":37,"code":146659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146661,146662,146684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146663,146664,146666,146668,146670,146672,146674,146677,146679,146682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146665,83290],{"class":50},[44,146667,55],{"class":54},[44,146669,1556],{"class":58},[44,146671,41392],{"class":95},[44,146673,83],{"class":58},[44,146675,146676],{"class":95}," 3.75",[44,146678,83],{"class":58},[44,146680,146681],{"class":95}," 1.25",[44,146683,1153],{"class":58},[44,146685,146686,146688,146690,146692,146694,146696],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146687,136],{"class":135},[44,146689,120],{"class":58},[44,146691,146354],{"class":135},[44,146693,120],{"class":58},[44,146695,83326],{"class":116},[44,146697,2239],{"class":58},[20,146699,2576],{},[35,146701,146703],{"className":37,"code":146702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.5\n",[15,146704,146705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146706,146707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146708,146702],{"class":95},[20,146710,146711,146712,113],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[625,146713,146714],{"href":2923},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[981,146716,146718,146719],{"id":146717},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146720,36428],{},[35,146722,146724],{"className":37,"code":146723,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146725,146726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146727,146728,146730,146732,146734,146736,146738,146740,146742,146744,146746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146729,136],{"class":135},[44,146731,120],{"class":58},[44,146733,146354],{"class":135},[44,146735,120],{"class":58},[44,146737,60239],{"class":135},[44,146739,120],{"class":58},[44,146741,1588],{"class":95},[44,146743,83],{"class":58},[44,146745,37875],{"class":95},[44,146747,3418],{"class":58},[20,146749,2576],{},[35,146751,146752],{"className":37,"code":47277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146753,146754],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146755,146756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146757,47277],{"class":95},[20,146759,113801,146760,113],{},[15,146761,146762],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[981,146764,146766],{"id":146765},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146768,146769,146770,146772,146773,976,146775,146772,146777,113],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146771,4112],{}," acts like ",[15,146774,1588],{},[15,146776,4178],{},[15,146778,2626],{},[35,146780,146782],{"className":37,"code":146781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146783,146784,146808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146785,146786,146788,146790,146792,146794,146796,146798,146800,146802,146804,146806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146787,52204],{"class":50},[44,146789,55],{"class":54},[44,146791,1556],{"class":58},[44,146793,4112],{"class":1266},[44,146795,83],{"class":58},[44,146797,4409],{"class":1266},[44,146799,83],{"class":58},[44,146801,4418],{"class":1266},[44,146803,83],{"class":58},[44,146805,4418],{"class":1266},[44,146807,1153],{"class":58},[44,146809,146810,146812,146814,146816,146818,146820],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146811,136],{"class":135},[44,146813,120],{"class":58},[44,146815,146354],{"class":135},[44,146817,120],{"class":58},[44,146819,52257],{"class":116},[44,146821,2239],{"class":58},[20,146823,2576],{},[35,146825,146826],{"className":37,"code":46853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146827,146828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146829,146830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146831,46853],{"class":95},[20,146833,146834,146835,113],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146836,4112],{},[30,146838,243,146840,146842],{"id":146839},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146841,146231],{}," does not work with",[20,146844,146845,146847],{},[15,146846,146231],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[981,146849,146851],{"id":146850},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146853,3342],{},[35,146855,146857],{"className":37,"code":146856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146858,146859,146883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146860,146861,146863,146865,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875,146877,146879,146881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146862,4573],{"class":50},[44,146864,55],{"class":54},[44,146866,1556],{"class":58},[44,146868,63],{"class":62},[44,146870,4349],{"class":66},[44,146872,63],{"class":62},[44,146874,83],{"class":58},[44,146876,75],{"class":62},[44,146878,60832],{"class":66},[44,146880,63],{"class":62},[44,146882,1153],{"class":58},[44,146884,146885,146887,146889,146891,146893,146895],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146886,136],{"class":135},[44,146888,120],{"class":58},[44,146890,146354],{"class":135},[44,146892,120],{"class":58},[44,146894,4617],{"class":116},[44,146896,2239],{"class":58},[20,146898,146899],{},"Use string joining instead:",[35,146901,146903],{"className":37,"code":146902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146904,146905,146929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146906,146907,146909,146911,146913,146915,146917,146919,146921,146923,146925,146927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146908,4573],{"class":50},[44,146910,55],{"class":54},[44,146912,1556],{"class":58},[44,146914,63],{"class":62},[44,146916,4349],{"class":66},[44,146918,63],{"class":62},[44,146920,83],{"class":58},[44,146922,75],{"class":62},[44,146924,60832],{"class":66},[44,146926,63],{"class":62},[44,146928,1153],{"class":58},[44,146930,146931,146933,146935,146937,146939,146941,146943,146945],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146932,136],{"class":135},[44,146934,120],{"class":58},[44,146936,6773],{"class":62},[44,146938,113],{"class":58},[44,146940,133756],{"class":116},[44,146942,120],{"class":58},[44,146944,4617],{"class":116},[44,146946,2239],{"class":58},[20,146948,2576],{},[35,146950,146952],{"className":37,"code":146951,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"helloworld\n",[15,146953,146954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146955,146956],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146957,146951],{"class":50},[20,146959,146960,146961,113],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[625,146962,146963,6284],{"href":42409},[15,146964,47920],{},[981,146966,146968],{"id":146967},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146970,146971],{},"This also causes an error:",[35,146973,146975],{"className":37,"code":146974,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146976,146977,147004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146978,146979,146982,146984,146986,146988,146990,146992,146994,146996,146998,147000,147002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146980,146981],{"class":50},"lists ",[44,146983,55],{"class":54},[44,146985,56533],{"class":58},[44,146987,1588],{"class":95},[44,146989,83],{"class":58},[44,146991,1717],{"class":95},[44,146993,18514],{"class":58},[44,146995,1556],{"class":58},[44,146997,2567],{"class":95},[44,146999,83],{"class":58},[44,147001,2961],{"class":95},[44,147003,53481],{"class":58},[44,147005,147006,147008,147010,147012,147014,147016],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147007,136],{"class":135},[44,147009,120],{"class":58},[44,147011,146354],{"class":135},[44,147013,120],{"class":58},[44,147015,5801],{"class":116},[44,147017,2239],{"class":58},[20,147019,147020,147022],{},[15,147021,146231],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[981,147024,147026],{"id":147025},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,147028,5973],{},[35,147030,147032],{"className":37,"code":147031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147033,147034,147058],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147035,147036,147038,147040,147042,147044,147046,147048,147050,147052,147054,147056],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147037,4327],{"class":50},[44,147039,55],{"class":54},[44,147041,1556],{"class":58},[44,147043,1588],{"class":95},[44,147045,83],{"class":58},[44,147047,1717],{"class":95},[44,147049,83],{"class":58},[44,147051,75],{"class":62},[44,147053,2567],{"class":66},[44,147055,63],{"class":62},[44,147057,1153],{"class":58},[44,147059,147060,147062,147064,147066,147068,147070],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147061,136],{"class":135},[44,147063,120],{"class":58},[44,147065,146354],{"class":135},[44,147067,120],{"class":58},[44,147069,5860],{"class":116},[44,147071,2239],{"class":58},[20,147073,147074],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,147076,147077,147078,147080,147081,113],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,147079,66187],{},", convert them first. See ",[625,147082,3469],{"href":3468},[30,147084,41738],{"id":41737},[20,147086,147087,147088,113],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,147089,146231],{},[981,147091,7023],{"id":7022},[20,147093,5028],{},[35,147095,147097],{"className":37,"code":147096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,147098,147099],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147100,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109,147111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147102,136],{"class":135},[44,147104,120],{"class":58},[44,147106,146354],{"class":135},[44,147108,120],{"class":58},[44,147110,2643],{"class":95},[44,147112,2239],{"class":58},[20,147114,147115],{},"Why it fails:",[252,147117,147118,147123],{},[255,147119,147120,147122],{},[15,147121,2643],{}," is a single integer",[255,147124,147125,147127],{},[15,147126,146231],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,147129,7053],{},[35,147131,147133],{"className":37,"code":147132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,147134,147135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147136,147137,147139,147141,147143,147145,147147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147138,136],{"class":135},[44,147140,120],{"class":58},[44,147142,146354],{"class":135},[44,147144,3492],{"class":58},[44,147146,2643],{"class":95},[44,147148,3505],{"class":58},[20,147150,2576],{},[35,147152,147153],{"className":37,"code":3453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,147154,147155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147156,147157],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147158,3453],{"class":95},[981,147160,147162],{"id":147161},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,147164,5028],{},[35,147166,147168],{"className":37,"code":147167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147169,147170,147202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147171,147172,147174,147176,147178,147180,147182,147184,147186,147188,147190,147192,147194,147196,147198,147200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147173,4327],{"class":50},[44,147175,55],{"class":54},[44,147177,1556],{"class":58},[44,147179,63],{"class":62},[44,147181,1588],{"class":66},[44,147183,63],{"class":62},[44,147185,83],{"class":58},[44,147187,75],{"class":62},[44,147189,2561],{"class":66},[44,147191,63],{"class":62},[44,147193,83],{"class":58},[44,147195,75],{"class":62},[44,147197,2567],{"class":66},[44,147199,63],{"class":62},[44,147201,1153],{"class":58},[44,147203,147204,147206,147208,147210,147212,147214],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147205,136],{"class":135},[44,147207,120],{"class":58},[44,147209,146354],{"class":135},[44,147211,120],{"class":58},[44,147213,5860],{"class":116},[44,147215,2239],{"class":58},[20,147217,147218],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[35,147220,147222],{"className":37,"code":147221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147223,147224,147256,147284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147225,147226,147228,147230,147232,147234,147236,147238,147240,147242,147244,147246,147248,147250,147252,147254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147227,4327],{"class":50},[44,147229,55],{"class":54},[44,147231,1556],{"class":58},[44,147233,63],{"class":62},[44,147235,1588],{"class":66},[44,147237,63],{"class":62},[44,147239,83],{"class":58},[44,147241,75],{"class":62},[44,147243,2561],{"class":66},[44,147245,63],{"class":62},[44,147247,83],{"class":58},[44,147249,75],{"class":62},[44,147251,2567],{"class":66},[44,147253,63],{"class":62},[44,147255,1153],{"class":58},[44,147257,147258,147260,147262,147264,147266,147268,147270,147272,147274,147276,147278,147280,147282],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147259,41416],{"class":50},[44,147261,55],{"class":54},[44,147263,146284],{"class":135},[44,147265,120],{"class":58},[44,147267,2694],{"class":2248},[44,147269,120],{"class":58},[44,147271,1696],{"class":116},[44,147273,144],{"class":58},[44,147275,4379],{"class":1140},[44,147277,4382],{"class":116},[44,147279,4385],{"class":1140},[44,147281,4388],{"class":116},[44,147283,129],{"class":58},[44,147285,147286,147288,147290,147292],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,147287,136],{"class":135},[44,147289,120],{"class":58},[44,147291,41445],{"class":116},[44,147293,129],{"class":58},[20,147295,2576],{},[35,147297,147298],{"className":37,"code":3159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,147299,147300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147301,147302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147303,3159],{"class":95},[20,147305,147306],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[981,147308,147310],{"id":147309},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147312,5028],{},[35,147314,147316],{"className":37,"code":147315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147317,147318,147346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147319,147320,147322,147324,147326,147328,147330,147332,147334,147336,147338,147340,147342,147344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147321,4327],{"class":50},[44,147323,55],{"class":54},[44,147325,1556],{"class":58},[44,147327,1588],{"class":95},[44,147329,83],{"class":58},[44,147331,1717],{"class":95},[44,147333,83],{"class":58},[44,147335,75],{"class":62},[44,147337,2567],{"class":66},[44,147339,63],{"class":62},[44,147341,83],{"class":58},[44,147343,2961],{"class":95},[44,147345,1153],{"class":58},[44,147347,147348,147350,147352,147354,147356,147358],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147349,136],{"class":135},[44,147351,120],{"class":58},[44,147353,146354],{"class":135},[44,147355,120],{"class":58},[44,147357,5860],{"class":116},[44,147359,2239],{"class":58},[20,147361,147362],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[35,147364,147366],{"className":37,"code":147365,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147367,147368,147396,147424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147369,147370,147372,147374,147376,147378,147380,147382,147384,147386,147388,147390,147392,147394],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147371,4327],{"class":50},[44,147373,55],{"class":54},[44,147375,1556],{"class":58},[44,147377,1588],{"class":95},[44,147379,83],{"class":58},[44,147381,1717],{"class":95},[44,147383,83],{"class":58},[44,147385,75],{"class":62},[44,147387,2567],{"class":66},[44,147389,63],{"class":62},[44,147391,83],{"class":58},[44,147393,2961],{"class":95},[44,147395,1153],{"class":58},[44,147397,147398,147400,147402,147404,147406,147408,147410,147412,147414,147416,147418,147420,147422],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147399,41416],{"class":50},[44,147401,55],{"class":54},[44,147403,146284],{"class":135},[44,147405,120],{"class":58},[44,147407,2694],{"class":2248},[44,147409,120],{"class":58},[44,147411,1696],{"class":116},[44,147413,144],{"class":58},[44,147415,4379],{"class":1140},[44,147417,4382],{"class":116},[44,147419,4385],{"class":1140},[44,147421,4388],{"class":116},[44,147423,129],{"class":58},[44,147425,147426,147428,147430,147432],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,147427,136],{"class":135},[44,147429,120],{"class":58},[44,147431,41445],{"class":116},[44,147433,129],{"class":58},[20,147435,2576],{},[35,147437,147438],{"className":37,"code":2880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,147439,147440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147441,147442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147443,2880],{"class":95},[981,147445,1785,147447,147449],{"id":147446},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147448,146231],{}," to join text",[20,147451,5028],{},[35,147453,147455],{"className":37,"code":147454,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147456,147457,147513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147458,147459,147461,147463,147465,147467,147469,147471,147473,147475,147477,147479,147481,147483,147485,147487,147489,147491,147493,147495,147497,147499,147501,147503,147505,147507,147509,147511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147460,36320],{"class":50},[44,147462,55],{"class":54},[44,147464,1556],{"class":58},[44,147466,63],{"class":62},[44,147468,134355],{"class":66},[44,147470,63],{"class":62},[44,147472,83],{"class":58},[44,147474,75],{"class":62},[44,147476,1710],{"class":66},[44,147478,63],{"class":62},[44,147480,83],{"class":58},[44,147482,75],{"class":62},[44,147484,63528],{"class":66},[44,147486,63],{"class":62},[44,147488,83],{"class":58},[44,147490,75],{"class":62},[44,147492,60679],{"class":66},[44,147494,63],{"class":62},[44,147496,83],{"class":58},[44,147498,75],{"class":62},[44,147500,60714],{"class":66},[44,147502,63],{"class":62},[44,147504,83],{"class":58},[44,147506,75],{"class":62},[44,147508,76272],{"class":66},[44,147510,63],{"class":62},[44,147512,1153],{"class":58},[44,147514,147515,147517,147519,147521,147523,147525],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147516,136],{"class":135},[44,147518,120],{"class":58},[44,147520,146354],{"class":135},[44,147522,120],{"class":58},[44,147524,36373],{"class":116},[44,147526,2239],{"class":58},[20,147528,227,147529,60773],{},[15,147530,133679],{},[35,147532,147534],{"className":37,"code":147533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147535,147536,147592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147537,147538,147540,147542,147544,147546,147548,147550,147552,147554,147556,147558,147560,147562,147564,147566,147568,147570,147572,147574,147576,147578,147580,147582,147584,147586,147588,147590],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147539,36320],{"class":50},[44,147541,55],{"class":54},[44,147543,1556],{"class":58},[44,147545,63],{"class":62},[44,147547,134355],{"class":66},[44,147549,63],{"class":62},[44,147551,83],{"class":58},[44,147553,75],{"class":62},[44,147555,1710],{"class":66},[44,147557,63],{"class":62},[44,147559,83],{"class":58},[44,147561,75],{"class":62},[44,147563,63528],{"class":66},[44,147565,63],{"class":62},[44,147567,83],{"class":58},[44,147569,75],{"class":62},[44,147571,60679],{"class":66},[44,147573,63],{"class":62},[44,147575,83],{"class":58},[44,147577,75],{"class":62},[44,147579,60714],{"class":66},[44,147581,63],{"class":62},[44,147583,83],{"class":58},[44,147585,75],{"class":62},[44,147587,76272],{"class":66},[44,147589,63],{"class":62},[44,147591,1153],{"class":58},[44,147593,147594,147596,147598,147600,147602,147604,147606,147608],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147595,136],{"class":135},[44,147597,120],{"class":58},[44,147599,6773],{"class":62},[44,147601,113],{"class":58},[44,147603,133756],{"class":116},[44,147605,120],{"class":58},[44,147607,36373],{"class":116},[44,147609,2239],{"class":58},[20,147611,2576],{},[35,147613,147614],{"className":37,"code":134436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,147615,147616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147617,147618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147619,134436],{"class":50},[20,147621,147622,147623,113],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[625,147624,147625],{"href":135517},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[30,147627,147629,147631],{"id":147628},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147630,146231],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147633,147634,147636],{},[15,147635,146231],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[981,147638,1785,147640],{"id":147639},"using-sum",[15,147641,146231],{},[35,147643,147645],{"className":37,"code":147644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147646,147647,147667,147681],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147648,147649,147651,147653,147655,147657,147659,147661,147663,147665],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147650,1551],{"class":50},[44,147652,55],{"class":54},[44,147654,1556],{"class":58},[44,147656,3008],{"class":95},[44,147658,83],{"class":58},[44,147660,6495],{"class":95},[44,147662,83],{"class":58},[44,147664,54375],{"class":95},[44,147666,1153],{"class":58},[44,147668,147669,147671,147673,147675,147677,147679],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147670,41416],{"class":50},[44,147672,55],{"class":54},[44,147674,146284],{"class":135},[44,147676,120],{"class":58},[44,147678,1579],{"class":116},[44,147680,129],{"class":58},[44,147682,147683,147685,147687,147689],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,147684,136],{"class":135},[44,147686,120],{"class":58},[44,147688,41445],{"class":116},[44,147690,129],{"class":58},[981,147692,147694],{"id":147693},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[35,147696,147698],{"className":37,"code":147697,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147699,147700,147720,147728,147732,147744,147752,147756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147701,147702,147704,147706,147708,147710,147712,147714,147716,147718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147703,1551],{"class":50},[44,147705,55],{"class":54},[44,147707,1556],{"class":58},[44,147709,3008],{"class":95},[44,147711,83],{"class":58},[44,147713,6495],{"class":95},[44,147715,83],{"class":58},[44,147717,54375],{"class":95},[44,147719,1153],{"class":58},[44,147721,147722,147724,147726],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147723,41416],{"class":50},[44,147725,55],{"class":54},[44,147727,38745],{"class":95},[44,147729,147730],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,147731,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,147733,147734,147736,147738,147740,147742],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,147735,6459],{"class":1140},[44,147737,6888],{"class":50},[44,147739,4385],{"class":1140},[44,147741,4767],{"class":50},[44,147743,1359],{"class":58},[44,147745,147746,147748,147750],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,147747,90349],{"class":50},[44,147749,90352],{"class":54},[44,147751,90355],{"class":50},[44,147753,147754],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,147755,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,147757,147758,147760,147762,147764],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,147759,136],{"class":135},[44,147761,120],{"class":58},[44,147763,41445],{"class":116},[44,147765,129],{"class":58},[20,147767,147768],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147770,2992,147771,147773],{},[15,147772,146231],{}," is often better:",[252,147775,147776,147779,147782],{},[255,147777,147778],{},"Shorter code",[255,147780,147781],{},"Easier to read",[255,147783,147784],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147786,147787],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[252,147789,147790,147793,147796],{},[255,147791,147792],{},"You need to skip some values",[255,147794,147795],{},"You need extra checks",[255,147797,147798],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147800,147801,147802,147805,147806,147808],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[625,147803,147804],{"href":40241},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147807,146231],{}," on the filtered result.",[30,147810,3335],{"id":3334},[20,147812,147813,147814,72],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147815,146231],{},[252,147817,147818,147824,147831,147838],{},[255,147819,147820,147821],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147822,147823],{},"sum(5)",[255,147825,147826,147827,147830],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147828,147829],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[255,147832,1785,147833,147835,147836],{},[15,147834,146231],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147837,133679],{},[255,147839,147840],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147842,2154,147843,147845],{},[15,147844,146231],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[35,147847,147849],{"className":37,"code":147848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147850,147851,147861,147875,147899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147852,147853,147855,147857,147859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147854,136],{"class":135},[44,147856,120],{"class":58},[44,147858,5860],{"class":116},[44,147860,129],{"class":58},[44,147862,147863,147865,147867,147869,147871,147873],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147864,136],{"class":135},[44,147866,120],{"class":58},[44,147868,2249],{"class":2248},[44,147870,120],{"class":58},[44,147872,5860],{"class":116},[44,147874,2239],{"class":58},[44,147876,147877,147879,147881,147883,147885,147887,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,147878,136],{"class":135},[44,147880,3492],{"class":58},[44,147882,2249],{"class":2248},[44,147884,120],{"class":58},[44,147886,1696],{"class":116},[44,147888,144],{"class":58},[44,147890,4379],{"class":1140},[44,147892,4382],{"class":116},[44,147894,4385],{"class":1140},[44,147896,4388],{"class":116},[44,147898,4391],{"class":58},[44,147900,147901,147903,147905,147907,147909,147911,147913,147915,147917,147919,147921,147923,147925],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,147902,136],{"class":135},[44,147904,120],{"class":58},[44,147906,146354],{"class":135},[44,147908,3492],{"class":58},[44,147910,2694],{"class":2248},[44,147912,120],{"class":58},[44,147914,1696],{"class":116},[44,147916,144],{"class":58},[44,147918,4379],{"class":1140},[44,147920,4382],{"class":116},[44,147922,4385],{"class":1140},[44,147924,4388],{"class":116},[44,147926,3505],{"class":58},[20,147928,136250],{},[252,147930,147931,147937,147943,147948],{},[255,147932,147933,147936],{},[15,147934,147935],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[255,147938,147939,147942],{},[15,147940,147941],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[255,147944,147945,136272],{},[15,147946,147947],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[255,147949,147950,147953],{},[15,147951,147952],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[30,147955,2301],{"id":2300},[981,147957,5643,147959,5646],{"id":147958},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147960,146231],{},[20,147962,147963],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[981,147965,5671,147967,147969],{"id":147966},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147968,146231],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147971,30495,147972,3384,147975,147978],{},[15,147973,147974],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147976,147977],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[981,147980,5671,147982,147984],{"id":147981},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147983,146231],{}," work with floats?",[20,147986,147987],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[981,147989,147991,147992,2363],{"id":147990},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147993,146231],{},[20,147995,147996,147997,147999],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147998,36302],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[981,148001,5659,148003,119635,148005,2363],{"id":148002},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,148004,146231],{},[15,148006,3511],{},[20,148008,148009],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[30,148011,2375],{"id":2374},[252,148013,148014,148018,148024,148030,148036,148040,148044],{},[255,148015,148016],{},[625,148017,146714],{"href":2923},[255,148019,148020],{},[625,148021,4083,148022,4016],{"href":36425},[15,148023,36428],{},[255,148025,148026],{},[625,148027,4083,148028,4016],{"href":42592},[15,148029,42595],{},[255,148031,148032],{},[625,148033,4083,148034,4016],{"href":42409},[15,148035,47920],{},[255,148037,148038],{},[625,148039,5722],{"href":40241},[255,148041,148042],{},[625,148043,4033],{"href":3468},[255,148045,148046],{},[625,148047,147625],{"href":135517},[2414,148049,148050],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":148052},[148053,148054,148056,148057,148058,148060,148068,148074,148081,148087,148088,148100],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":146310,"depth":102,"text":148055},"What sum() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952},{"id":146488,"depth":102,"text":148059},"Using the start value",{"id":146590,"depth":102,"text":148061,"children":148062},"What sum() can work with",[148063,148064,148065,148067],{"id":40657,"depth":132,"text":40658},{"id":52284,"depth":132,"text":146656},{"id":146717,"depth":132,"text":148066},"Values from range()",{"id":146765,"depth":132,"text":146766},{"id":146839,"depth":102,"text":148069,"children":148070},"What sum() does not work with",[148071,148072,148073],{"id":146850,"depth":132,"text":146851},{"id":146967,"depth":132,"text":146968},{"id":147025,"depth":132,"text":147026},{"id":41737,"depth":102,"text":41738,"children":148075},[148076,148077,148078,148079],{"id":7022,"depth":132,"text":7023},{"id":147161,"depth":132,"text":147162},{"id":147309,"depth":132,"text":147310},{"id":147446,"depth":132,"text":148080},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147628,"depth":102,"text":148082,"children":148083},"sum() vs manual loop",[148084,148086],{"id":147639,"depth":132,"text":148085},"Using sum()",{"id":147693,"depth":132,"text":147694},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":148089},[148090,148092,148094,148096,148098],{"id":147958,"depth":132,"text":148091},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147966,"depth":132,"text":148093},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147981,"depth":132,"text":148095},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147990,"depth":132,"text":148097},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":148002,"depth":132,"text":148099},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146223,"description":148101},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":148108,"title":148109,"body":148110,"description":149512,"extension":2465,"meta":149513,"navigation":169,"path":149514,"seo":149515,"stem":149516,"__hash__":149517},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":148111,"toc":149480},[148112,148118,148124,148127,148190,148196,148201,148205,148222,148236,148240,148260,148274,148276,148369,148371,148385,148387,148390,148479,148481,148489,148498,148500,148504,148525,148527,148619,148621,148642,148644,148648,148662,148664,148738,148740,148759,148763,148766,148789,148791,148902,148909,148917,148919,148925,148928,148971,148974,148997,149005,149009,149084,149090,149115,149122,149125,149128,149132,149137,149225,149233,149237,149240,149265,149269,149330,149334,149383,149393,149395,149400,149403,149409,149412,149416,149420,149426,149429,149437,149445,149447,149477],[10,148113,148115,148116,18],{"id":148114},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,148117,57530],{},[20,148119,148120,148123],{},[15,148121,148122],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,148125,148126],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[35,148128,148130],{"className":37,"code":148129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,148131,148132,148160,148178],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148133,148134,148136,148138,148140,148142,148144,148146,148148,148150,148152,148154,148156,148158],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148135,1551],{"class":50},[44,148137,55],{"class":54},[44,148139,9728],{"class":58},[44,148141,1588],{"class":95},[44,148143,83],{"class":58},[44,148145,1717],{"class":95},[44,148147,83],{"class":58},[44,148149,1717],{"class":95},[44,148151,83],{"class":58},[44,148153,2955],{"class":95},[44,148155,83],{"class":58},[44,148157,1717],{"class":95},[44,148159,129],{"class":58},[44,148161,148162,148164,148166,148168,148170,148172,148174,148176],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148163,1953],{"class":50},[44,148165,55],{"class":54},[44,148167,4767],{"class":50},[44,148169,113],{"class":58},[44,148171,41493],{"class":116},[44,148173,120],{"class":58},[44,148175,2561],{"class":95},[44,148177,129],{"class":58},[44,148179,148180,148182,148184,148186,148188],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,148181,136],{"class":135},[44,148183,120],{"class":58},[44,148185,1984],{"class":116},[44,148187,144],{"class":58},[44,148189,51008],{"class":147},[20,148191,227,148192,148195],{},[15,148193,148194],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[30,148197,243,148199,246],{"id":148198},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,148200,148122],{},[20,148202,148203,72],{},[15,148204,148194],{},[252,148206,148207,148213,148216,148219],{},[255,148208,148209,148210,148212],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,148211,1282],{}," appears in the tuple",[255,148214,148215],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[255,148217,148218],{},"Returns an integer",[255,148220,148221],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,148223,148224,148225,148227,148228,3384,148232,113],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,148226,57530],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[625,148229,148231],{"href":148230},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[625,148233,148235],{"href":148234},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[30,148237,148239],{"id":148238},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[35,148241,148243],{"className":37,"code":148242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,148244,148245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148246,148247,148250,148252,148254,148256,148258],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148248,148249],{"class":50},"my_tuple",[44,148251,113],{"class":58},[44,148253,41493],{"class":116},[44,148255,120],{"class":58},[44,148257,1282],{"class":116},[44,148259,129],{"class":58},[252,148261,148262,148266,148269],{},[255,148263,148264,57695],{},[15,148265,1282],{},[255,148267,148268],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[255,148270,148271,148272],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148273,2626],{},[981,148275,103350],{"id":103349},[35,148277,148279],{"className":37,"code":148278,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148280,148281,148321,148345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148282,148283,148285,148287,148289,148291,148293,148295,148297,148299,148301,148303,148305,148307,148309,148311,148313,148315,148317,148319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148284,13539],{"class":50},[44,148286,55],{"class":54},[44,148288,9728],{"class":58},[44,148290,63],{"class":62},[44,148292,13556],{"class":66},[44,148294,63],{"class":62},[44,148296,83],{"class":58},[44,148298,75],{"class":62},[44,148300,13573],{"class":66},[44,148302,63],{"class":62},[44,148304,83],{"class":58},[44,148306,75],{"class":62},[44,148308,13556],{"class":66},[44,148310,63],{"class":62},[44,148312,83],{"class":58},[44,148314,75],{"class":62},[44,148316,17907],{"class":66},[44,148318,63],{"class":62},[44,148320,129],{"class":58},[44,148322,148323,148325,148327,148329,148331,148333,148335,148337,148339,148341,148343],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148324,136],{"class":135},[44,148326,120],{"class":58},[44,148328,17954],{"class":116},[44,148330,113],{"class":58},[44,148332,41493],{"class":116},[44,148334,120],{"class":58},[44,148336,63],{"class":62},[44,148338,13556],{"class":66},[44,148340,63],{"class":62},[44,148342,532],{"class":58},[44,148344,57885],{"class":147},[44,148346,148347,148349,148351,148353,148355,148357,148359,148361,148363,148365,148367],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,148348,136],{"class":135},[44,148350,120],{"class":58},[44,148352,17954],{"class":116},[44,148354,113],{"class":58},[44,148356,41493],{"class":116},[44,148358,120],{"class":58},[44,148360,63],{"class":62},[44,148362,22962],{"class":66},[44,148364,63],{"class":62},[44,148366,532],{"class":58},[44,148368,51485],{"class":147},[20,148370,20403],{},[252,148372,148373,148378],{},[255,148374,148375,148377],{},[15,148376,65634],{}," appears 2 times",[255,148379,148380,148382,148383],{},[15,148381,110046],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148384,2626],{},[30,148386,11952],{"id":11951},[20,148388,148389],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[35,148391,148393],{"className":37,"code":148392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148394,148395,148443,148447,148469],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148396,148397,148399,148401,148403,148405,148407,148409,148411,148413,148415,148417,148419,148421,148423,148425,148427,148429,148431,148433,148435,148437,148439,148441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148398,36469],{"class":50},[44,148400,55],{"class":54},[44,148402,9728],{"class":58},[44,148404,63],{"class":62},[44,148406,4582],{"class":66},[44,148408,63],{"class":62},[44,148410,83],{"class":58},[44,148412,75],{"class":62},[44,148414,4591],{"class":66},[44,148416,63],{"class":62},[44,148418,83],{"class":58},[44,148420,75],{"class":62},[44,148422,4582],{"class":66},[44,148424,63],{"class":62},[44,148426,83],{"class":58},[44,148428,75],{"class":62},[44,148430,33447],{"class":66},[44,148432,63],{"class":62},[44,148434,83],{"class":58},[44,148436,75],{"class":62},[44,148438,4582],{"class":66},[44,148440,63],{"class":62},[44,148442,129],{"class":58},[44,148444,148445],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148446,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,148448,148449,148451,148453,148455,148457,148459,148461,148463,148465,148467],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,148450,1953],{"class":50},[44,148452,55],{"class":54},[44,148454,53090],{"class":50},[44,148456,113],{"class":58},[44,148458,41493],{"class":116},[44,148460,120],{"class":58},[44,148462,63],{"class":62},[44,148464,4582],{"class":66},[44,148466,63],{"class":62},[44,148468,129],{"class":58},[44,148470,148471,148473,148475,148477],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,148472,136],{"class":135},[44,148474,120],{"class":58},[44,148476,1984],{"class":116},[44,148478,129],{"class":58},[20,148480,2576],{},[35,148482,148483],{"className":37,"code":46853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,148484,148485],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148486,148487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148488,46853],{"class":95},[20,148490,148491,148493,148494,2901,148496,113],{},[15,148492,58073],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148495,57530],{},[15,148497,2567],{},[30,148499,38252],{"id":38251},[20,148501,57784,148502,128985],{},[15,148503,57530],{},[252,148505,148506,148511,148516,148519],{},[255,148507,11901,148508,148510],{},[15,148509,2626],{}," when the value does not exist",[255,148512,11901,148513,148515],{},[15,148514,1588],{}," when the value appears once",[255,148517,148518],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[255,148520,148521,148522,148524],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148523,1345],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148526,269],{},[35,148528,148530],{"className":37,"code":148529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148531,148532,148573,148577,148604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148533,148534,148537,148539,148541,148543,148545,148547,148549,148551,148553,148555,148557,148559,148561,148563,148565,148567,148569,148571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148535,148536],{"class":50},"answers ",[44,148538,55],{"class":54},[44,148540,9728],{"class":58},[44,148542,63],{"class":62},[44,148544,9153],{"class":66},[44,148546,63],{"class":62},[44,148548,83],{"class":58},[44,148550,75],{"class":62},[44,148552,9092],{"class":66},[44,148554,63],{"class":62},[44,148556,83],{"class":58},[44,148558,75],{"class":62},[44,148560,9153],{"class":66},[44,148562,63],{"class":62},[44,148564,83],{"class":58},[44,148566,75],{"class":62},[44,148568,9153],{"class":66},[44,148570,63],{"class":62},[44,148572,129],{"class":58},[44,148574,148575],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148576,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,148578,148579,148581,148584,148586,148588,148590,148592,148594,148596,148598,148600,148602],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,148580,1345],{"class":1140},[44,148582,148583],{"class":50}," answers",[44,148585,113],{"class":58},[44,148587,41493],{"class":116},[44,148589,120],{"class":58},[44,148591,63],{"class":62},[44,148593,9153],{"class":66},[44,148595,63],{"class":62},[44,148597,144],{"class":58},[44,148599,38628],{"class":54},[44,148601,1703],{"class":95},[44,148603,1359],{"class":58},[44,148605,148606,148608,148610,148612,148615,148617],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,148607,1387],{"class":135},[44,148609,120],{"class":58},[44,148611,63],{"class":62},[44,148613,148614],{"class":66},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[44,148616,63],{"class":62},[44,148618,129],{"class":58},[20,148620,2576],{},[35,148622,148624],{"className":37,"code":148623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148625,148626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148627,148628,148631,148633,148635,148637,148640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148629,148630],{"class":50},"The answer ",[44,148632,2197],{"class":62},[44,148634,9153],{"class":66},[44,148636,2197],{"class":62},[44,148638,148639],{"class":50}," appears more than once",[44,148641,122629],{"class":58},[30,148643,41279],{"id":41278},[20,148645,35634,148646,104813],{},[15,148647,148122],{},[252,148649,148650,148653,148656,148659],{},[255,148651,148652],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[255,148654,148655],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[255,148657,148658],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[255,148660,148661],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148663,269],{},[35,148665,148667],{"className":37,"code":148666,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148668,148669,148697,148701,148723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148670,148671,148673,148675,148677,148679,148681,148683,148685,148687,148689,148691,148693,148695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148672,472],{"class":50},[44,148674,55],{"class":54},[44,148676,9728],{"class":58},[44,148678,1559],{"class":95},[44,148680,83],{"class":58},[44,148682,646],{"class":95},[44,148684,83],{"class":58},[44,148686,632],{"class":95},[44,148688,83],{"class":58},[44,148690,1568],{"class":95},[44,148692,83],{"class":58},[44,148694,632],{"class":95},[44,148696,129],{"class":58},[44,148698,148699],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148700,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,148702,148703,148705,148707,148709,148711,148713,148715,148717,148719,148721],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,148704,1345],{"class":1140},[44,148706,5611],{"class":50},[44,148708,113],{"class":58},[44,148710,41493],{"class":116},[44,148712,120],{"class":58},[44,148714,1559],{"class":95},[44,148716,144],{"class":58},[44,148718,51526],{"class":54},[44,148720,1717],{"class":95},[44,148722,1359],{"class":58},[44,148724,148725,148727,148729,148731,148734,148736],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,148726,1387],{"class":135},[44,148728,120],{"class":58},[44,148730,63],{"class":62},[44,148732,148733],{"class":66},"The score 10 is repeated.",[44,148735,63],{"class":62},[44,148737,129],{"class":58},[20,148739,2576],{},[35,148741,148743],{"className":37,"code":148742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148744,148745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148746,148747,148750,148752,148754,148757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148748,148749],{"class":50},"The score ",[44,148751,1559],{"class":95},[44,148753,8591],{"class":54},[44,148755,148756],{"class":50}," repeated",[44,148758,122629],{"class":58},[30,148760,148762],{"id":148761},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148764,148765],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[252,148767,148768,148774,148779,148782],{},[255,148769,148770,148771,148773],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148772,57530],{}," still works because it only reads data",[255,148775,148776,148778],{},[15,148777,57530],{}," counts exact matches",[255,148780,148781],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[255,148783,148784,976,148786,148788],{},[15,148785,1588],{},[15,148787,42392],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148790,269],{},[35,148792,148794],{"className":37,"code":148793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148795,148796,148830,148834,148854,148878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148797,148798,148800,148802,148804,148806,148808,148811,148813,148815,148818,148820,148822,148824,148826,148828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148799,4327],{"class":50},[44,148801,55],{"class":54},[44,148803,9728],{"class":58},[44,148805,1588],{"class":95},[44,148807,83],{"class":58},[44,148809,148810],{"class":95}," 1.0",[44,148812,83],{"class":58},[44,148814,75],{"class":62},[44,148816,148817],{"class":66},"Cat",[44,148819,63],{"class":62},[44,148821,83],{"class":58},[44,148823,75],{"class":62},[44,148825,37278],{"class":66},[44,148827,63],{"class":62},[44,148829,129],{"class":58},[44,148831,148832],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148833,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,148835,148836,148838,148840,148842,148844,148846,148848,148850,148852],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,148837,136],{"class":135},[44,148839,120],{"class":58},[44,148841,5860],{"class":116},[44,148843,113],{"class":58},[44,148845,41493],{"class":116},[44,148847,120],{"class":58},[44,148849,1588],{"class":95},[44,148851,532],{"class":58},[44,148853,51332],{"class":147},[44,148855,148856,148858,148860,148862,148864,148866,148868,148870,148872,148874,148876],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,148857,136],{"class":135},[44,148859,120],{"class":58},[44,148861,5860],{"class":116},[44,148863,113],{"class":58},[44,148865,41493],{"class":116},[44,148867,120],{"class":58},[44,148869,63],{"class":62},[44,148871,148817],{"class":66},[44,148873,63],{"class":62},[44,148875,532],{"class":58},[44,148877,1762],{"class":147},[44,148879,148880,148882,148884,148886,148888,148890,148892,148894,148896,148898,148900],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,148881,136],{"class":135},[44,148883,120],{"class":58},[44,148885,5860],{"class":116},[44,148887,113],{"class":58},[44,148889,41493],{"class":116},[44,148891,120],{"class":58},[44,148893,63],{"class":62},[44,148895,37278],{"class":66},[44,148897,63],{"class":62},[44,148899,532],{"class":58},[44,148901,1762],{"class":147},[20,148903,5659,148904,5662,148907,2363],{},[15,148905,148906],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148908,2561],{},[20,148910,9281,148911,5285,148914,148916],{},[15,148912,148913],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148915,4112],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[30,148918,3335],{"id":3334},[981,148920,1785,148922,148924],{"id":148921},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148923,41493],{}," without parentheses",[20,148926,148927],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[35,148929,148931],{"className":37,"code":148930,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148932,148933,148957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148934,148935,148937,148939,148941,148943,148945,148947,148949,148951,148953,148955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148936,1551],{"class":50},[44,148938,55],{"class":54},[44,148940,9728],{"class":58},[44,148942,1588],{"class":95},[44,148944,83],{"class":58},[44,148946,1717],{"class":95},[44,148948,83],{"class":58},[44,148950,1717],{"class":95},[44,148952,83],{"class":58},[44,148954,2955],{"class":95},[44,148956,129],{"class":58},[44,148958,148959,148961,148963,148965,148967,148969],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148960,136],{"class":135},[44,148962,120],{"class":58},[44,148964,1579],{"class":116},[44,148966,113],{"class":58},[44,148968,41493],{"class":25189},[44,148970,129],{"class":58},[20,148972,148973],{},"To call the method correctly:",[35,148975,148977],{"className":37,"code":148976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148978,148979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148980,148981,148983,148985,148987,148989,148991,148993,148995],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148982,136],{"class":135},[44,148984,120],{"class":58},[44,148986,1579],{"class":116},[44,148988,113],{"class":58},[44,148990,41493],{"class":116},[44,148992,120],{"class":58},[44,148994,2561],{"class":95},[44,148996,2239],{"class":58},[981,148998,1904,148999,8950,149001,3384,149003],{"id":58833},[15,149000,57530],{},[15,149002,4112],{},[15,149004,4178],{},[20,149006,149007,58844],{},[15,149008,57530],{},[35,149010,149012],{"className":37,"code":149011,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,149013,149014,149046,149068,149072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149015,149016,149018,149020,149022,149024,149026,149028,149030,149032,149034,149036,149038,149040,149042,149044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149017,36320],{"class":50},[44,149019,55],{"class":54},[44,149021,9728],{"class":58},[44,149023,63],{"class":62},[44,149025,625],{"class":66},[44,149027,63],{"class":62},[44,149029,83],{"class":58},[44,149031,75],{"class":62},[44,149033,639],{"class":66},[44,149035,63],{"class":62},[44,149037,83],{"class":58},[44,149039,75],{"class":62},[44,149041,625],{"class":66},[44,149043,63],{"class":62},[44,149045,129],{"class":58},[44,149047,149048,149050,149052,149054,149056,149058,149060,149062,149064,149066],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149049,1953],{"class":50},[44,149051,55],{"class":54},[44,149053,70338],{"class":50},[44,149055,113],{"class":58},[44,149057,41493],{"class":116},[44,149059,120],{"class":58},[44,149061,63],{"class":62},[44,149063,625],{"class":66},[44,149065,63],{"class":62},[44,149067,129],{"class":58},[44,149069,149070],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,149071,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,149073,149074,149076,149078,149080,149082],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,149075,136],{"class":135},[44,149077,120],{"class":58},[44,149079,1984],{"class":116},[44,149081,144],{"class":58},[44,149083,51653],{"class":147},[20,149085,149086,149087,149089],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,149088,4385],{}," is often simpler:",[35,149091,149093],{"className":37,"code":149092,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,149094,149095],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149096,149097,149099,149101,149103,149105,149107,149109,149111,149113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149098,136],{"class":135},[44,149100,120],{"class":58},[44,149102,63],{"class":62},[44,149104,625],{"class":66},[44,149106,63],{"class":62},[44,149108,1354],{"class":1140},[44,149110,70338],{"class":116},[44,149112,144],{"class":58},[44,149114,4168],{"class":147},[981,149116,37435,149118,9200,149120],{"id":149117},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,149119,148122],{},[15,149121,57535],{},[20,149123,149124],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,149126,149127],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[981,149129,149131],{"id":149130},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,149133,149134,149136],{},[15,149135,57530],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[35,149138,149140],{"className":37,"code":149139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,149141,149142,149175,149201],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149143,149144,149146,149148,149150,149152,149154,149156,149158,149160,149163,149165,149167,149169,149171,149173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149145,4573],{"class":50},[44,149147,55],{"class":54},[44,149149,9728],{"class":58},[44,149151,63],{"class":62},[44,149153,4582],{"class":66},[44,149155,63],{"class":62},[44,149157,83],{"class":58},[44,149159,75],{"class":62},[44,149161,149162],{"class":66},"pineapple",[44,149164,63],{"class":62},[44,149166,83],{"class":58},[44,149168,75],{"class":62},[44,149170,4582],{"class":66},[44,149172,63],{"class":62},[44,149174,129],{"class":58},[44,149176,149177,149179,149181,149183,149185,149187,149189,149191,149194,149196,149198],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149178,136],{"class":135},[44,149180,120],{"class":58},[44,149182,4617],{"class":116},[44,149184,113],{"class":58},[44,149186,41493],{"class":116},[44,149188,120],{"class":58},[44,149190,63],{"class":62},[44,149192,149193],{"class":66},"app",[44,149195,63],{"class":62},[44,149197,532],{"class":58},[44,149199,149200],{"class":147},"    # 0\n",[44,149202,149203,149205,149207,149209,149211,149213,149215,149217,149219,149221,149223],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,149204,136],{"class":135},[44,149206,120],{"class":58},[44,149208,4617],{"class":116},[44,149210,113],{"class":58},[44,149212,41493],{"class":116},[44,149214,120],{"class":58},[44,149216,63],{"class":62},[44,149218,4582],{"class":66},[44,149220,63],{"class":62},[44,149222,532],{"class":58},[44,149224,51653],{"class":147},[20,149226,149227,149230,149231,113],{},[15,149228,149229],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,149232,2626],{},[30,149234,149236],{"id":149235},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,149238,149239],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[252,149241,149242,149247,149256,149262],{},[255,149243,227,149244,149246],{},[15,149245,4385],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[255,149248,227,149249,149255],{},[625,149250,149252,149253],{"href":149251},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,149254,59208],{}," to find the position of a value",[255,149257,227,149258,149261],{},[15,149259,149260],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[255,149263,149264],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,149266,46276,149267,72],{},[15,149268,4385],{},[35,149270,149272],{"className":37,"code":149271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149273,149274,149294,149298,149314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149275,149276,149278,149280,149282,149284,149286,149288,149290,149292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149277,1551],{"class":50},[44,149279,55],{"class":54},[44,149281,9728],{"class":58},[44,149283,3008],{"class":95},[44,149285,83],{"class":58},[44,149287,6495],{"class":95},[44,149289,83],{"class":58},[44,149291,54375],{"class":95},[44,149293,129],{"class":58},[44,149295,149296],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149297,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,149299,149300,149302,149304,149306,149308,149310,149312],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,149301,136],{"class":135},[44,149303,120],{"class":58},[44,149305,2529],{"class":95},[44,149307,1354],{"class":1140},[44,149309,4767],{"class":116},[44,149311,144],{"class":58},[44,149313,44090],{"class":147},[44,149315,149316,149318,149320,149322,149324,149326,149328],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,149317,136],{"class":135},[44,149319,120],{"class":58},[44,149321,2643],{"class":95},[44,149323,1354],{"class":1140},[44,149325,4767],{"class":116},[44,149327,144],{"class":58},[44,149329,44107],{"class":147},[20,149331,46276,149332,72],{},[15,149333,59208],{},[35,149335,149337],{"className":37,"code":149336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149338,149339,149363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149340,149341,149343,149345,149347,149349,149351,149353,149355,149357,149359,149361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149342,1551],{"class":50},[44,149344,55],{"class":54},[44,149346,9728],{"class":58},[44,149348,3008],{"class":95},[44,149350,83],{"class":58},[44,149352,6495],{"class":95},[44,149354,83],{"class":58},[44,149356,54375],{"class":95},[44,149358,83],{"class":58},[44,149360,6495],{"class":95},[44,149362,129],{"class":58},[44,149364,149365,149367,149369,149371,149373,149375,149377,149379,149381],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149366,136],{"class":135},[44,149368,120],{"class":58},[44,149370,1579],{"class":116},[44,149372,113],{"class":58},[44,149374,36075],{"class":116},[44,149376,120],{"class":58},[44,149378,2529],{"class":95},[44,149380,532],{"class":58},[44,149382,1762],{"class":147},[20,149384,149385,149387,149388,149390,149392],{},[15,149386,57530],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10333,149389],{},[15,149391,59208],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[30,149394,2301],{"id":2300},[981,149396,5643,149398,5646],{"id":149397},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149399,148122],{},[20,149401,149402],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[981,149404,2329,149406,149408],{"id":149405},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149407,148122],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149410,149411],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[981,149413,149415],{"id":149414},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149417,12383,149418,113],{},[15,149419,2626],{},[981,149421,5671,149423,149425],{"id":149422},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149424,148122],{}," count strings?",[20,149427,149428],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[981,149430,2358,149432,976,149434,2363],{"id":149431},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149433,148122],{},[15,149435,149436],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149438,149439,149441,149442,149444],{},[15,149440,57530],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149443,59208],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[30,149446,2375],{"id":2374},[252,149448,149449,149453,149458,149465,149473],{},[255,149450,149451],{},[625,149452,148231],{"href":148230},[255,149454,149455],{},[625,149456,149457],{"href":148234},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[255,149459,149460],{},[625,149461,149462,149463,11221],{"href":149251},"Python tuple ",[15,149464,59208],{},[255,149466,149467],{},[625,149468,149470,149471],{"href":149469},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149472,42595],{},[255,149474,149475],{},[625,149476,59196],{"href":59195},[2414,149478,149479],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":149481},[149482,149484,149487,149488,149489,149490,149491,149499,149500,149511],{"id":148198,"depth":102,"text":149483},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148238,"depth":102,"text":148239,"children":149485},[149486],{"id":103349,"depth":132,"text":103350},{"id":11951,"depth":102,"text":11952},{"id":38251,"depth":102,"text":38252},{"id":41278,"depth":102,"text":41279},{"id":148761,"depth":102,"text":148762},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":149492},[149493,149495,149496,149498],{"id":148921,"depth":132,"text":149494},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58833,"depth":132,"text":59249},{"id":149117,"depth":132,"text":149497},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":149130,"depth":132,"text":149131},{"id":149235,"depth":102,"text":149236},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":149501},[149502,149504,149506,149507,149509],{"id":149397,"depth":132,"text":149503},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149405,"depth":132,"text":149505},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149414,"depth":132,"text":149415},{"id":149422,"depth":132,"text":149508},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149431,"depth":132,"text":149510},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":148109,"description":149512},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149519,"title":149520,"body":149521,"description":151208,"extension":2465,"meta":151209,"navigation":169,"path":151210,"seo":151211,"stem":151212,"__hash__":151213},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149522,"toc":151171},[149523,149526,149529,149538,149540,149670,149672,149733,149739,149741,149761,149765,149768,149771,149806,149808,149829,149832,149871,149873,149898,149905,149909,149912,149949,149951,149974,149977,149980,149992,149998,150002,150005,150011,150052,150054,150077,150080,150121,150123,150150,150152,150169,150171,150188,150191,150195,150198,150200,150234,150236,150283,150287,150326,150330,150333,150390,150392,150433,150439,150445,150450,150452,150489,150491,150511,150513,150546,150548,150581,150584,150588,150621,150623,150648,150651,150653,150667,150674,150676,150679,150683,150686,150721,150724,150759,150763,150766,150805,150808,150847,150851,150853,150883,150886,150893,150895,150927,150930,150962,150965,150996,150998,151015,151019,151022,151086,151088,151092,151099,151103,151106,151110,151113,151117,151120,151125,151131,151133,151168],[10,149524,149520],{"id":149525},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149527,149528],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149530,149531,149532,3384,149536,113],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[625,149533,149535],{"href":149534},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[625,149537,148231],{"href":148230},[30,149539,2507],{"id":2506},[35,149541,149543],{"className":37,"code":149542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149544,149545,149565,149574,149588,149624,149628,149638,149648,149659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149546,149547,149549,149551,149553,149555,149557,149559,149561,149563],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149548,1551],{"class":50},[44,149550,55],{"class":54},[44,149552,9728],{"class":58},[44,149554,1588],{"class":95},[44,149556,83],{"class":58},[44,149558,1717],{"class":95},[44,149560,83],{"class":58},[44,149562,2955],{"class":95},[44,149564,129],{"class":58},[44,149566,149567,149569,149571],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149568,125095],{"class":50},[44,149570,55],{"class":54},[44,149572,149573],{"class":58}," ()\n",[44,149575,149576,149579,149581,149583,149585],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,149577,149578],{"class":50},"one_item ",[44,149580,55],{"class":54},[44,149582,9728],{"class":58},[44,149584,2643],{"class":95},[44,149586,149587],{"class":58},",)\n",[44,149589,149590,149593,149595,149598,149600,149602,149604,149606,149608,149610,149612,149614,149616,149618,149620,149622],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,149591,149592],{"class":50},"from_list ",[44,149594,55],{"class":54},[44,149596,149597],{"class":2248}," tuple",[44,149599,3492],{"class":58},[44,149601,63],{"class":62},[44,149603,625],{"class":66},[44,149605,63],{"class":62},[44,149607,83],{"class":58},[44,149609,75],{"class":62},[44,149611,639],{"class":66},[44,149613,63],{"class":62},[44,149615,83],{"class":58},[44,149617,75],{"class":62},[44,149619,696],{"class":66},[44,149621,63],{"class":62},[44,149623,4391],{"class":58},[44,149625,149626],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,149627,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,149629,149630,149632,149634,149636],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,149631,136],{"class":135},[44,149633,120],{"class":58},[44,149635,1579],{"class":116},[44,149637,129],{"class":58},[44,149639,149640,149642,149644,149646],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,149641,136],{"class":135},[44,149643,120],{"class":58},[44,149645,125146],{"class":116},[44,149647,129],{"class":58},[44,149649,149650,149652,149654,149657],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,149651,136],{"class":135},[44,149653,120],{"class":58},[44,149655,149656],{"class":116},"one_item",[44,149658,129],{"class":58},[44,149660,149661,149663,149665,149668],{"class":46,"line":946},[44,149662,136],{"class":135},[44,149664,120],{"class":58},[44,149666,149667],{"class":116},"from_list",[44,149669,129],{"class":58},[20,149671,2576],{},[35,149673,149675],{"className":37,"code":149674,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149676,149677,149693,149697,149705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149678,149679,149681,149683,149685,149687,149689,149691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149680,120],{"class":58},[44,149682,1588],{"class":95},[44,149684,83],{"class":58},[44,149686,1717],{"class":95},[44,149688,83],{"class":58},[44,149690,2955],{"class":95},[44,149692,129],{"class":58},[44,149694,149695],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149696,9138],{"class":58},[44,149698,149699,149701,149703],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,149700,120],{"class":58},[44,149702,2643],{"class":95},[44,149704,149587],{"class":58},[44,149706,149707,149709,149711,149713,149715,149717,149719,149721,149723,149725,149727,149729,149731],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,149708,120],{"class":58},[44,149710,2197],{"class":62},[44,149712,625],{"class":66},[44,149714,2197],{"class":62},[44,149716,83],{"class":58},[44,149718,2232],{"class":62},[44,149720,639],{"class":66},[44,149722,2197],{"class":62},[44,149724,83],{"class":58},[44,149726,2232],{"class":62},[44,149728,696],{"class":66},[44,149730,2197],{"class":62},[44,149732,129],{"class":58},[20,149734,149735,149736,113],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149737,149738],{},"(5,)",[30,149740,15619],{"id":15618},[252,149742,149743,149746,149749,149752,149755,149758],{},[255,149744,149745],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[255,149747,149748],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[255,149750,149751],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[255,149753,149754],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[255,149756,149757],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[255,149759,149760],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[30,149762,149764],{"id":149763},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149766,149767],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149769,149770],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[35,149772,149774],{"className":37,"code":149773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149775,149776,149796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149777,149778,149780,149782,149784,149786,149788,149790,149792,149794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149779,1551],{"class":50},[44,149781,55],{"class":54},[44,149783,9728],{"class":58},[44,149785,1588],{"class":95},[44,149787,83],{"class":58},[44,149789,1717],{"class":95},[44,149791,83],{"class":58},[44,149793,2955],{"class":95},[44,149795,129],{"class":58},[44,149797,149798,149800,149802,149804],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149799,136],{"class":135},[44,149801,120],{"class":58},[44,149803,1579],{"class":116},[44,149805,129],{"class":58},[20,149807,2576],{},[35,149809,149811],{"className":37,"code":149810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149812,149813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149814,149815,149817,149819,149821,149823,149825,149827],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149816,120],{"class":58},[44,149818,1588],{"class":95},[44,149820,83],{"class":58},[44,149822,1717],{"class":95},[44,149824,83],{"class":58},[44,149826,2955],{"class":95},[44,149828,129],{"class":58},[20,149830,149831],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[35,149833,149835],{"className":37,"code":149834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149836,149837,149861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149838,149839,149841,149843,149845,149847,149849,149851,149853,149855,149857,149859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149840,616],{"class":50},[44,149842,55],{"class":54},[44,149844,9728],{"class":58},[44,149846,1588],{"class":95},[44,149848,83],{"class":58},[44,149850,75],{"class":62},[44,149852,4582],{"class":66},[44,149854,63],{"class":62},[44,149856,83],{"class":58},[44,149858,4418],{"class":1266},[44,149860,129],{"class":58},[44,149862,149863,149865,149867,149869],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149864,136],{"class":135},[44,149866,120],{"class":58},[44,149868,750],{"class":116},[44,149870,129],{"class":58},[20,149872,2576],{},[35,149874,149876],{"className":37,"code":149875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149877,149878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149879,149880,149882,149884,149886,149888,149890,149892,149894,149896],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149881,120],{"class":58},[44,149883,1588],{"class":95},[44,149885,83],{"class":58},[44,149887,2232],{"class":62},[44,149889,4582],{"class":66},[44,149891,2197],{"class":62},[44,149893,83],{"class":58},[44,149895,4418],{"class":1266},[44,149897,129],{"class":58},[20,149899,149900,149901,113],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[625,149902,149904],{"href":149903},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[30,149906,149908],{"id":149907},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149910,149911],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[35,149913,149915],{"className":37,"code":149914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149916,149917,149925,149935],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149918,149919,149921,149923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149920,125095],{"class":50},[44,149922,55],{"class":54},[44,149924,149573],{"class":58},[44,149926,149927,149929,149931,149933],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149928,136],{"class":135},[44,149930,120],{"class":58},[44,149932,125146],{"class":116},[44,149934,129],{"class":58},[44,149936,149937,149939,149941,149943,149945,149947],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,149938,136],{"class":135},[44,149940,120],{"class":58},[44,149942,2249],{"class":2248},[44,149944,120],{"class":58},[44,149946,125146],{"class":116},[44,149948,2239],{"class":58},[20,149950,2576],{},[35,149952,149954],{"className":37,"code":149953,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149955,149956,149960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149957,149958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149959,9138],{"class":58},[44,149961,149962,149964,149966,149968,149970,149972],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149963,3797],{"class":54},[44,149965,3800],{"class":2570},[44,149967,2232],{"class":62},[44,149969,49190],{"class":66},[44,149971,2197],{"class":62},[44,149973,3809],{"class":54},[20,149975,149976],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149978,149979],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[252,149981,149982,149987],{},[255,149983,149984,149985],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149986,7862],{},[255,149988,149989,149990],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149991,4291],{},[20,149993,149994,149995,113],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[625,149996,149997],{"href":57393},"Python list: creating a list",[30,149999,150001],{"id":150000},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,150003,150004],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,150006,150007,150008,150010],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[590,150009,592],{}," automatically a tuple:",[35,150012,150014],{"className":37,"code":150013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,150015,150016,150028,150038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150017,150018,150020,150022,150024,150026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150019,1244],{"class":50},[44,150021,55],{"class":54},[44,150023,9728],{"class":58},[44,150025,2643],{"class":95},[44,150027,129],{"class":58},[44,150029,150030,150032,150034,150036],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150031,136],{"class":135},[44,150033,120],{"class":58},[44,150035,1282],{"class":116},[44,150037,129],{"class":58},[44,150039,150040,150042,150044,150046,150048,150050],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,150041,136],{"class":135},[44,150043,120],{"class":58},[44,150045,2249],{"class":2248},[44,150047,120],{"class":58},[44,150049,1282],{"class":116},[44,150051,2239],{"class":58},[20,150053,2576],{},[35,150055,150057],{"className":37,"code":150056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,150058,150059,150063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150060,150061],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150062,3453],{"class":95},[44,150064,150065,150067,150069,150071,150073,150075],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150066,3797],{"class":54},[44,150068,3800],{"class":2570},[44,150070,2232],{"class":62},[44,150072,2694],{"class":66},[44,150074,2197],{"class":62},[44,150076,3809],{"class":54},[20,150078,150079],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[35,150081,150083],{"className":37,"code":150082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,150084,150085,150097,150107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150086,150087,150089,150091,150093,150095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150088,149578],{"class":50},[44,150090,55],{"class":54},[44,150092,9728],{"class":58},[44,150094,2643],{"class":95},[44,150096,149587],{"class":58},[44,150098,150099,150101,150103,150105],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150100,136],{"class":135},[44,150102,120],{"class":58},[44,150104,149656],{"class":116},[44,150106,129],{"class":58},[44,150108,150109,150111,150113,150115,150117,150119],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,150110,136],{"class":135},[44,150112,120],{"class":58},[44,150114,2249],{"class":2248},[44,150116,120],{"class":58},[44,150118,149656],{"class":116},[44,150120,2239],{"class":58},[20,150122,2576],{},[35,150124,150126],{"className":37,"code":150125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150127,150128,150136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150129,150130,150132,150134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150131,120],{"class":58},[44,150133,2643],{"class":95},[44,150135,149587],{"class":58},[44,150137,150138,150140,150142,150144,150146,150148],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150139,3797],{"class":54},[44,150141,3800],{"class":2570},[44,150143,2232],{"class":62},[44,150145,49190],{"class":66},[44,150147,2197],{"class":62},[44,150149,3809],{"class":54},[20,150151,17110],{},[35,150153,150155],{"className":37,"code":150154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,150156,150157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150158,150159,150161,150163,150165,150167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150160,120],{"class":58},[44,150162,63],{"class":62},[44,150164,4582],{"class":66},[44,150166,63],{"class":62},[44,150168,149587],{"class":58},[20,150170,17098],{},[35,150172,150174],{"className":37,"code":150173,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,150175,150176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150177,150178,150180,150182,150184,150186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150179,120],{"class":58},[44,150181,63],{"class":62},[44,150183,4582],{"class":66},[44,150185,63],{"class":62},[44,150187,129],{"class":58},[20,150189,150190],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[30,150192,150194],{"id":150193},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,150196,150197],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[981,150199,56701],{"id":1579},[35,150201,150202],{"className":37,"code":149773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150203,150204,150224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150205,150206,150208,150210,150212,150214,150216,150218,150220,150222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150207,1551],{"class":50},[44,150209,55],{"class":54},[44,150211,9728],{"class":58},[44,150213,1588],{"class":95},[44,150215,83],{"class":58},[44,150217,1717],{"class":95},[44,150219,83],{"class":58},[44,150221,2955],{"class":95},[44,150223,129],{"class":58},[44,150225,150226,150228,150230,150232],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150227,136],{"class":135},[44,150229,120],{"class":58},[44,150231,1579],{"class":116},[44,150233,129],{"class":58},[981,150235,56704],{"id":5810},[35,150237,150239],{"className":37,"code":150238,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,150240,150241,150273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150242,150243,150245,150247,150249,150251,150253,150255,150257,150259,150261,150263,150265,150267,150269,150271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150244,13539],{"class":50},[44,150246,55],{"class":54},[44,150248,9728],{"class":58},[44,150250,63],{"class":62},[44,150252,13556],{"class":66},[44,150254,63],{"class":62},[44,150256,83],{"class":58},[44,150258,75],{"class":62},[44,150260,17907],{"class":66},[44,150262,63],{"class":62},[44,150264,83],{"class":58},[44,150266,75],{"class":62},[44,150268,13573],{"class":66},[44,150270,63],{"class":62},[44,150272,129],{"class":58},[44,150274,150275,150277,150279,150281],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150276,136],{"class":135},[44,150278,120],{"class":58},[44,150280,17954],{"class":116},[44,150282,129],{"class":58},[981,150284,150286],{"id":150285},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[35,150288,150290],{"className":37,"code":150289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150291,150292,150316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150293,150294,150296,150298,150300,150302,150304,150306,150308,150310,150312,150314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150295,59713],{"class":50},[44,150297,55],{"class":54},[44,150299,9728],{"class":58},[44,150301,1588],{"class":95},[44,150303,83],{"class":58},[44,150305,75],{"class":62},[44,150307,4582],{"class":66},[44,150309,63],{"class":62},[44,150311,83],{"class":58},[44,150313,4418],{"class":1266},[44,150315,129],{"class":58},[44,150317,150318,150320,150322,150324],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150319,136],{"class":135},[44,150321,120],{"class":58},[44,150323,59766],{"class":116},[44,150325,129],{"class":58},[981,150327,150329],{"id":150328},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150331,150332],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[35,150334,150336],{"className":37,"code":150335,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150337,150338,150379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150339,150340,150343,150345,150347,150349,150351,150353,150355,150357,150359,150361,150363,150365,150367,150369,150371,150373,150375,150377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150341,150342],{"class":50},"nested ",[44,150344,55],{"class":54},[44,150346,9728],{"class":58},[44,150348,1588],{"class":95},[44,150350,83],{"class":58},[44,150352,9728],{"class":58},[44,150354,63],{"class":62},[44,150356,625],{"class":66},[44,150358,63],{"class":62},[44,150360,83],{"class":58},[44,150362,75],{"class":62},[44,150364,639],{"class":66},[44,150366,63],{"class":62},[44,150368,9725],{"class":58},[44,150370,1556],{"class":58},[44,150372,1559],{"class":95},[44,150374,83],{"class":58},[44,150376,646],{"class":95},[44,150378,4391],{"class":58},[44,150380,150381,150383,150385,150388],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150382,136],{"class":135},[44,150384,120],{"class":58},[44,150386,150387],{"class":116},"nested",[44,150389,129],{"class":58},[20,150391,2576],{},[35,150393,150395],{"className":37,"code":150394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150396,150397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150398,150399,150401,150403,150405,150407,150409,150411,150413,150415,150417,150419,150421,150423,150425,150427,150429,150431],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150400,120],{"class":58},[44,150402,1588],{"class":95},[44,150404,83],{"class":58},[44,150406,9728],{"class":58},[44,150408,2197],{"class":62},[44,150410,625],{"class":66},[44,150412,2197],{"class":62},[44,150414,83],{"class":58},[44,150416,2232],{"class":62},[44,150418,639],{"class":66},[44,150420,2197],{"class":62},[44,150422,9725],{"class":58},[44,150424,1556],{"class":58},[44,150426,1559],{"class":95},[44,150428,83],{"class":58},[44,150430,646],{"class":95},[44,150432,4391],{"class":58},[30,150434,150436,150437],{"id":150435},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150438,38278],{},[20,150440,150441,150442,150444],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150443,38278],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150446,150447,150448,113],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[625,150449,63459],{"href":63458},[981,150451,105490],{"id":105489},[35,150453,150455],{"className":37,"code":150454,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150456,150457,150479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150458,150459,150461,150463,150465,150467,150469,150471,150473,150475,150477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150460,1551],{"class":50},[44,150462,55],{"class":54},[44,150464,149597],{"class":2248},[44,150466,3492],{"class":58},[44,150468,1588],{"class":95},[44,150470,83],{"class":58},[44,150472,1717],{"class":95},[44,150474,83],{"class":58},[44,150476,2955],{"class":95},[44,150478,4391],{"class":58},[44,150480,150481,150483,150485,150487],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150482,136],{"class":135},[44,150484,120],{"class":58},[44,150486,1579],{"class":116},[44,150488,129],{"class":58},[20,150490,2576],{},[35,150492,150493],{"className":37,"code":149810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150494,150495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150496,150497,150499,150501,150503,150505,150507,150509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150498,120],{"class":58},[44,150500,1588],{"class":95},[44,150502,83],{"class":58},[44,150504,1717],{"class":95},[44,150506,83],{"class":58},[44,150508,2955],{"class":95},[44,150510,129],{"class":58},[981,150512,105676],{"id":105675},[35,150514,150516],{"className":37,"code":150515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150517,150518,150536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150519,150520,150522,150524,150526,150528,150530,150532,150534],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150521,36320],{"class":50},[44,150523,55],{"class":54},[44,150525,149597],{"class":2248},[44,150527,120],{"class":58},[44,150529,63],{"class":62},[44,150531,41794],{"class":66},[44,150533,63],{"class":62},[44,150535,129],{"class":58},[44,150537,150538,150540,150542,150544],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150539,136],{"class":135},[44,150541,120],{"class":58},[44,150543,36373],{"class":116},[44,150545,129],{"class":58},[20,150547,2576],{},[35,150549,150551],{"className":37,"code":150550,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150552,150553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150554,150555,150557,150559,150561,150563,150565,150567,150569,150571,150573,150575,150577,150579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150556,120],{"class":58},[44,150558,2197],{"class":62},[44,150560,625],{"class":66},[44,150562,2197],{"class":62},[44,150564,83],{"class":58},[44,150566,2232],{"class":62},[44,150568,639],{"class":66},[44,150570,2197],{"class":62},[44,150572,83],{"class":58},[44,150574,2232],{"class":62},[44,150576,696],{"class":66},[44,150578,2197],{"class":62},[44,150580,129],{"class":58},[20,150582,150583],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[981,150585,150587],{"id":150586},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[35,150589,150591],{"className":37,"code":150590,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150592,150593,150611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150594,150595,150597,150599,150601,150603,150605,150607,150609],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150596,4327],{"class":50},[44,150598,55],{"class":54},[44,150600,149597],{"class":2248},[44,150602,120],{"class":58},[44,150604,60239],{"class":135},[44,150606,120],{"class":58},[44,150608,3008],{"class":95},[44,150610,2239],{"class":58},[44,150612,150613,150615,150617,150619],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150614,136],{"class":135},[44,150616,120],{"class":58},[44,150618,5860],{"class":116},[44,150620,129],{"class":58},[20,150622,2576],{},[35,150624,150626],{"className":37,"code":150625,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150627,150628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150629,150630,150632,150634,150636,150638,150640,150642,150644,150646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150631,120],{"class":58},[44,150633,2626],{"class":95},[44,150635,83],{"class":58},[44,150637,1703],{"class":95},[44,150639,83],{"class":58},[44,150641,1717],{"class":95},[44,150643,83],{"class":58},[44,150645,2955],{"class":95},[44,150647,129],{"class":58},[20,150649,150650],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[30,150652,21244],{"id":21243},[252,150654,150655,150658,150661,150664],{},[255,150656,150657],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[255,150659,150660],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[255,150662,150663],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[255,150665,150666],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150668,150669,150670,113],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[625,150671,150673],{"href":150672},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[30,150675,3335],{"id":3334},[20,150677,150678],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[981,150680,150682],{"id":150681},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150684,150685],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[35,150687,150689],{"className":37,"code":150688,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150690,150691,150707],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150692,150693,150695,150697,150699,150701,150703,150705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150694,28762],{"class":50},[44,150696,55],{"class":54},[44,150698,9728],{"class":58},[44,150700,63],{"class":62},[44,150702,4582],{"class":66},[44,150704,63],{"class":62},[44,150706,129],{"class":58},[44,150708,150709,150711,150713,150715,150717,150719],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150710,136],{"class":135},[44,150712,120],{"class":58},[44,150714,2249],{"class":2248},[44,150716,120],{"class":58},[44,150718,23749],{"class":116},[44,150720,2239],{"class":58},[20,150722,150723],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[35,150725,150727],{"className":37,"code":150726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150728,150729,150745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150730,150731,150733,150735,150737,150739,150741,150743],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150732,28762],{"class":50},[44,150734,55],{"class":54},[44,150736,9728],{"class":58},[44,150738,63],{"class":62},[44,150740,4582],{"class":66},[44,150742,63],{"class":62},[44,150744,149587],{"class":58},[44,150746,150747,150749,150751,150753,150755,150757],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150748,136],{"class":135},[44,150750,120],{"class":58},[44,150752,2249],{"class":2248},[44,150754,120],{"class":58},[44,150756,23749],{"class":116},[44,150758,2239],{"class":58},[981,150760,150762],{"id":150761},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150764,150765],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[35,150767,150769],{"className":37,"code":150768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150770,150771,150791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150772,150773,150775,150777,150779,150781,150783,150785,150787,150789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150774,4327],{"class":50},[44,150776,55],{"class":54},[44,150778,1556],{"class":58},[44,150780,1588],{"class":95},[44,150782,83],{"class":58},[44,150784,1717],{"class":95},[44,150786,83],{"class":58},[44,150788,2955],{"class":95},[44,150790,1153],{"class":58},[44,150792,150793,150795,150797,150799,150801,150803],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150794,136],{"class":135},[44,150796,120],{"class":58},[44,150798,2249],{"class":2248},[44,150800,120],{"class":58},[44,150802,5860],{"class":116},[44,150804,2239],{"class":58},[20,150806,150807],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[35,150809,150811],{"className":37,"code":150810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150812,150813,150833],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150814,150815,150817,150819,150821,150823,150825,150827,150829,150831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150816,4327],{"class":50},[44,150818,55],{"class":54},[44,150820,9728],{"class":58},[44,150822,1588],{"class":95},[44,150824,83],{"class":58},[44,150826,1717],{"class":95},[44,150828,83],{"class":58},[44,150830,2955],{"class":95},[44,150832,129],{"class":58},[44,150834,150835,150837,150839,150841,150843,150845],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150836,136],{"class":135},[44,150838,120],{"class":58},[44,150840,2249],{"class":2248},[44,150842,120],{"class":58},[44,150844,5860],{"class":116},[44,150846,2239],{"class":58},[981,150848,150850],{"id":150849},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150852,150663],{},[35,150854,150856],{"className":37,"code":150855,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150857,150858,150878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150859,150860,150862,150864,150866,150868,150870,150872,150874,150876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150861,1551],{"class":50},[44,150863,55],{"class":54},[44,150865,9728],{"class":58},[44,150867,1588],{"class":95},[44,150869,83],{"class":58},[44,150871,1717],{"class":95},[44,150873,83],{"class":58},[44,150875,2955],{"class":95},[44,150877,129],{"class":58},[44,150879,150880],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150881,150882],{"class":147},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150884,150885],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[981,150887,37435,150889,150892],{"id":150888},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150890,150891],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150894,64885],{},[35,150896,150897],{"className":37,"code":150515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150898,150899,150917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150900,150901,150903,150905,150907,150909,150911,150913,150915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150902,36320],{"class":50},[44,150904,55],{"class":54},[44,150906,149597],{"class":2248},[44,150908,120],{"class":58},[44,150910,63],{"class":62},[44,150912,41794],{"class":66},[44,150914,63],{"class":62},[44,150916,129],{"class":58},[44,150918,150919,150921,150923,150925],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150920,136],{"class":135},[44,150922,120],{"class":58},[44,150924,36373],{"class":116},[44,150926,129],{"class":58},[20,150928,150929],{},"gives:",[35,150931,150932],{"className":37,"code":150550,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150933,150934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150935,150936,150938,150940,150942,150944,150946,150948,150950,150952,150954,150956,150958,150960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150937,120],{"class":58},[44,150939,2197],{"class":62},[44,150941,625],{"class":66},[44,150943,2197],{"class":62},[44,150945,83],{"class":58},[44,150947,2232],{"class":62},[44,150949,639],{"class":66},[44,150951,2197],{"class":62},[44,150953,83],{"class":58},[44,150955,2232],{"class":62},[44,150957,696],{"class":66},[44,150959,2197],{"class":62},[44,150961,129],{"class":58},[20,150963,150964],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[35,150966,150968],{"className":37,"code":150967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150969,150970,150986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150971,150972,150974,150976,150978,150980,150982,150984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150973,6655],{"class":50},[44,150975,55],{"class":54},[44,150977,9728],{"class":58},[44,150979,63],{"class":62},[44,150981,41794],{"class":66},[44,150983,63],{"class":62},[44,150985,149587],{"class":58},[44,150987,150988,150990,150992,150994],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150989,136],{"class":135},[44,150991,120],{"class":58},[44,150993,38623],{"class":116},[44,150995,129],{"class":58},[20,150997,2576],{},[35,150999,151001],{"className":37,"code":151000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('abc',)\n",[15,151002,151003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151004,151005,151007,151009,151011,151013],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151006,120],{"class":58},[44,151008,2197],{"class":62},[44,151010,41794],{"class":66},[44,151012,2197],{"class":62},[44,151014,149587],{"class":58},[981,151016,151018],{"id":151017},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,151020,151021],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[35,151023,151025],{"className":37,"code":151024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,151026,151027,151044,151048,151058,151072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151028,151029,151032,151034,151036,151038,151040,151042],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151030,151031],{"class":50},"my_tuple ",[44,151033,55],{"class":54},[44,151035,9728],{"class":58},[44,151037,63],{"class":62},[44,151039,4582],{"class":66},[44,151041,63],{"class":62},[44,151043,149587],{"class":58},[44,151045,151046],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151047,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,151049,151050,151052,151054,151056],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,151051,136],{"class":135},[44,151053,120],{"class":58},[44,151055,148249],{"class":116},[44,151057,129],{"class":58},[44,151059,151060,151062,151064,151066,151068,151070],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,151061,136],{"class":135},[44,151063,120],{"class":58},[44,151065,2249],{"class":2248},[44,151067,120],{"class":58},[44,151069,148249],{"class":116},[44,151071,2239],{"class":58},[44,151073,151074,151076,151078,151080,151082,151084],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,151075,136],{"class":135},[44,151077,120],{"class":58},[44,151079,11641],{"class":135},[44,151081,120],{"class":58},[44,151083,148249],{"class":116},[44,151085,2239],{"class":58},[30,151087,2301],{"id":2300},[981,151089,151091],{"id":151090},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,151093,151094,151095,151098],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,151096,151097],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[981,151100,151102],{"id":151101},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,151104,151105],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[981,151107,151109],{"id":151108},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,151111,151112],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[981,151114,151116],{"id":151115},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,151118,151119],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[981,151121,5643,151123,13182],{"id":151122},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,151124,150891],{},[20,151126,5649,151127,151130],{},[15,151128,151129],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[30,151132,2375],{"id":2374},[252,151134,151135,151139,151143,151149,151154,151159,151163],{},[255,151136,151137],{},[625,151138,148231],{"href":148230},[255,151140,151141],{},[625,151142,149904],{"href":149903},[255,151144,151145],{},[625,151146,151148],{"href":151147},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[255,151150,151151],{},[625,151152,151153],{"href":149469},"Python tuple length with len()",[255,151155,151156],{},[625,151157,151158],{"href":149534},"What is a tuple in Python?",[255,151160,151161],{},[625,151162,63459],{"href":63458},[255,151164,151165],{},[625,151166,151167],{"href":150672},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2414,151169,151170],{},"html 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.slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":151172},[151173,151174,151175,151176,151177,151178,151184,151190,151191,151199,151207],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":15618,"depth":102,"text":15619},{"id":149763,"depth":102,"text":149764},{"id":149907,"depth":102,"text":149908},{"id":150000,"depth":102,"text":150001},{"id":150193,"depth":102,"text":150194,"children":151179},[151180,151181,151182,151183],{"id":1579,"depth":132,"text":56701},{"id":5810,"depth":132,"text":56704},{"id":150285,"depth":132,"text":150286},{"id":150328,"depth":132,"text":150329},{"id":150435,"depth":102,"text":151185,"children":151186},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151187,151188,151189],{"id":105489,"depth":132,"text":105490},{"id":105675,"depth":132,"text":105676},{"id":150586,"depth":132,"text":150587},{"id":21243,"depth":102,"text":21244},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":151192},[151193,151194,151195,151196,151198],{"id":150681,"depth":132,"text":150682},{"id":150761,"depth":132,"text":150762},{"id":150849,"depth":132,"text":150850},{"id":150888,"depth":132,"text":151197},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":151017,"depth":132,"text":151018},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":151200},[151201,151202,151203,151204,151205],{"id":151090,"depth":132,"text":151091},{"id":151101,"depth":132,"text":151102},{"id":151108,"depth":132,"text":151109},{"id":151115,"depth":132,"text":151116},{"id":151122,"depth":132,"text":151206},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149520,"description":151208},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151215,"title":151216,"body":151217,"description":152762,"extension":2465,"meta":152763,"navigation":169,"path":152764,"seo":152765,"stem":152766,"__hash__":152767},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151218,"toc":152732},[151219,151222,151227,151229,151242,151248,151250,151317,151319,151354,151359,151363,151367,151369,151380,151388,151390,151392,151413,151415,151435,151438,151440,151445,151488,151490,151512,151515,151528,151532,151536,151539,151592,151594,151615,151620,151624,151627,151672,151674,151707,151719,151723,151731,151768,151770,151799,151803,151806,151859,151861,151881,151888,151892,151897,151966,151968,151993,151997,152000,152006,152083,152085,152144,152146,152158,152163,152167,152171,152185,152187,152222,152224,152241,152244,152257,152261,152265,152276,152281,152296,152299,152302,152304,152307,152311,152313,152327,152329,152353,152358,152362,152365,152384,152387,152436,152441,152458,152461,152494,152498,152500,152551,152554,152579,152582,152605,152609,152615,152617,152652,152655,152660,152662,152666,152669,152673,152678,152682,152685,152689,152692,152696,152701,152703,152729],[10,151220,151216],{"id":151221},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,151223,9616,151224,151226],{},[15,151225,38278],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,151228,82831],{},[252,151230,151231,151236],{},[255,151232,151233,151235],{},[15,151234,38278],{}," creates an empty tuple",[255,151237,151238,151241],{},[15,151239,151240],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,151243,151244,151245,151247],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,151246,38278],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[30,151249,2507],{"id":2506},[35,151251,151253],{"className":37,"code":151252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,151254,151255,151275,151289,151293,151303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151256,151257,151259,151261,151263,151265,151267,151269,151271,151273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151258,1551],{"class":50},[44,151260,55],{"class":54},[44,151262,1556],{"class":58},[44,151264,1588],{"class":95},[44,151266,83],{"class":58},[44,151268,1717],{"class":95},[44,151270,83],{"class":58},[44,151272,2955],{"class":95},[44,151274,1153],{"class":58},[44,151276,151277,151279,151281,151283,151285,151287],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151278,1953],{"class":50},[44,151280,55],{"class":54},[44,151282,149597],{"class":2248},[44,151284,120],{"class":58},[44,151286,1579],{"class":116},[44,151288,129],{"class":58},[44,151290,151291],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,151292,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,151294,151295,151297,151299,151301],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,151296,136],{"class":135},[44,151298,120],{"class":58},[44,151300,1984],{"class":116},[44,151302,129],{"class":58},[44,151304,151305,151307,151309,151311,151313,151315],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,151306,136],{"class":135},[44,151308,120],{"class":58},[44,151310,2249],{"class":2248},[44,151312,120],{"class":58},[44,151314,1984],{"class":116},[44,151316,2239],{"class":58},[20,151318,2576],{},[35,151320,151322],{"className":37,"code":151321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151323,151324,151340],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151325,151326,151328,151330,151332,151334,151336,151338],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151327,120],{"class":58},[44,151329,1588],{"class":95},[44,151331,83],{"class":58},[44,151333,1717],{"class":95},[44,151335,83],{"class":58},[44,151337,2955],{"class":95},[44,151339,129],{"class":58},[44,151341,151342,151344,151346,151348,151350,151352],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151343,3797],{"class":54},[44,151345,3800],{"class":2570},[44,151347,2232],{"class":62},[44,151349,49190],{"class":66},[44,151351,2197],{"class":62},[44,151353,3809],{"class":54},[20,151355,227,151356,151358],{},[15,151357,151240],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[30,151360,151362],{"id":151361},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151364,151365,63167],{},[15,151366,38278],{},[20,151368,49164],{},[252,151370,151371,151374,151377],{},[255,151372,151373],{},"creates a tuple object",[255,151375,151376],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[255,151378,151379],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151381,151382,151383,151385,151386,113],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[625,151384,149535],{"href":149534}," or the full guide to ",[625,151387,148231],{"href":148230},[30,151389,392],{"id":391},[20,151391,395],{},[35,151393,151395],{"className":37,"code":151394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151396,151397,151403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151398,151399,151401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151400,49190],{"class":2248},[44,151402,9138],{"class":58},[44,151404,151405,151407,151409,151411],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151406,49190],{"class":2248},[44,151408,120],{"class":58},[44,151410,4224],{"class":116},[44,151412,129],{"class":58},[20,151414,11935],{},[252,151416,151417,151420],{},[255,151418,151419],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[255,151421,151422,151423],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[252,151424,151425,151427,151429,151431,151433],{},[255,151426,5801],{},[255,151428,5810],{},[255,151430,63238],{},[255,151432,5807],{},[255,151434,7747],{},[20,151436,151437],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[30,151439,149908],{"id":149907},[20,151441,29874,151442,151444],{},[15,151443,38278],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[35,151446,151448],{"className":37,"code":151447,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151449,151450,151460,151464,151474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151451,151452,151454,151456,151458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151453,125095],{"class":50},[44,151455,55],{"class":54},[44,151457,149597],{"class":2248},[44,151459,9138],{"class":58},[44,151461,151462],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151463,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,151465,151466,151468,151470,151472],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,151467,136],{"class":135},[44,151469,120],{"class":58},[44,151471,125146],{"class":116},[44,151473,129],{"class":58},[44,151475,151476,151478,151480,151482,151484,151486],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,151477,136],{"class":135},[44,151479,120],{"class":58},[44,151481,2249],{"class":2248},[44,151483,120],{"class":58},[44,151485,125146],{"class":116},[44,151487,2239],{"class":58},[20,151489,2576],{},[35,151491,151492],{"className":37,"code":149953,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151493,151494,151498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151495,151496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151497,9138],{"class":58},[44,151499,151500,151502,151504,151506,151508,151510],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151501,3797],{"class":54},[44,151503,3800],{"class":2570},[44,151505,2232],{"class":62},[44,151507,49190],{"class":66},[44,151509,2197],{"class":62},[44,151511,3809],{"class":54},[20,151513,151514],{},"This is equivalent to:",[35,151516,151518],{"className":37,"code":151517,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = ()\n",[15,151519,151520],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151521,151522,151524,151526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151523,125095],{"class":50},[44,151525,55],{"class":54},[44,151527,149573],{"class":58},[30,151529,151531],{"id":151530},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[981,151533,151535],{"id":151534},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151537,151538],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[35,151540,151542],{"className":37,"code":151541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151543,151544,151564,151578,151582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151545,151546,151548,151550,151552,151554,151556,151558,151560,151562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151547,1551],{"class":50},[44,151549,55],{"class":54},[44,151551,1556],{"class":58},[44,151553,1559],{"class":95},[44,151555,83],{"class":58},[44,151557,646],{"class":95},[44,151559,83],{"class":58},[44,151561,1568],{"class":95},[44,151563,1153],{"class":58},[44,151565,151566,151568,151570,151572,151574,151576],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151567,1953],{"class":50},[44,151569,55],{"class":54},[44,151571,149597],{"class":2248},[44,151573,120],{"class":58},[44,151575,1579],{"class":116},[44,151577,129],{"class":58},[44,151579,151580],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,151581,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,151583,151584,151586,151588,151590],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,151585,136],{"class":135},[44,151587,120],{"class":58},[44,151589,1984],{"class":116},[44,151591,129],{"class":58},[20,151593,2576],{},[35,151595,151597],{"className":37,"code":151596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151598,151599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151600,151601,151603,151605,151607,151609,151611,151613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151602,120],{"class":58},[44,151604,1559],{"class":95},[44,151606,83],{"class":58},[44,151608,646],{"class":95},[44,151610,83],{"class":58},[44,151612,1568],{"class":95},[44,151614,129],{"class":58},[20,151616,151617,151618,113],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[625,151619,105295],{"href":60296},[981,151621,151623],{"id":151622},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151625,151626],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[35,151628,151630],{"className":37,"code":151629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151631,151632,151644,151658,151662],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151633,151634,151636,151638,151640,151642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151635,34915],{"class":50},[44,151637,55],{"class":54},[44,151639,75],{"class":62},[44,151641,37278],{"class":66},[44,151643,3865],{"class":62},[44,151645,151646,151648,151650,151652,151654,151656],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151647,1953],{"class":50},[44,151649,55],{"class":54},[44,151651,149597],{"class":2248},[44,151653,120],{"class":58},[44,151655,34936],{"class":116},[44,151657,129],{"class":58},[44,151659,151660],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,151661,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,151663,151664,151666,151668,151670],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,151665,136],{"class":135},[44,151667,120],{"class":58},[44,151669,1984],{"class":116},[44,151671,129],{"class":58},[20,151673,2576],{},[35,151675,151677],{"className":37,"code":151676,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151678,151679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151680,151681,151683,151685,151687,151689,151691,151693,151695,151697,151699,151701,151703,151705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151682,120],{"class":58},[44,151684,2197],{"class":62},[44,151686,696],{"class":66},[44,151688,2197],{"class":62},[44,151690,83],{"class":58},[44,151692,2232],{"class":62},[44,151694,625],{"class":66},[44,151696,2197],{"class":62},[44,151698,83],{"class":58},[44,151700,2232],{"class":62},[44,151702,63528],{"class":66},[44,151704,2197],{"class":62},[44,151706,129],{"class":58},[20,151708,151709,151710,588,151713,151715,151716,113],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151711,151712],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[590,151714,592],{}," create ",[15,151717,151718],{},"('cat',)",[981,151720,151722],{"id":151721},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151724,151725,151727,151728,151730],{},[15,151726,36428],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151729,38278],{}," collects them all.",[35,151732,151734],{"className":37,"code":151733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151735,151736,151754,151758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151737,151738,151740,151742,151744,151746,151748,151750,151752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151739,1953],{"class":50},[44,151741,55],{"class":54},[44,151743,149597],{"class":2248},[44,151745,120],{"class":58},[44,151747,60239],{"class":135},[44,151749,120],{"class":58},[44,151751,2643],{"class":95},[44,151753,2239],{"class":58},[44,151755,151756],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151757,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,151759,151760,151762,151764,151766],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,151761,136],{"class":135},[44,151763,120],{"class":58},[44,151765,1984],{"class":116},[44,151767,129],{"class":58},[20,151769,2576],{},[35,151771,151773],{"className":37,"code":151772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151774,151775],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151776,151777,151779,151781,151783,151785,151787,151789,151791,151793,151795,151797],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151778,120],{"class":58},[44,151780,2626],{"class":95},[44,151782,83],{"class":58},[44,151784,1703],{"class":95},[44,151786,83],{"class":58},[44,151788,1717],{"class":95},[44,151790,83],{"class":58},[44,151792,2955],{"class":95},[44,151794,83],{"class":58},[44,151796,2961],{"class":95},[44,151798,129],{"class":58},[981,151800,151802],{"id":151801},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151804,151805],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[35,151807,151809],{"className":37,"code":151808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151810,151811,151831,151845,151849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151812,151813,151815,151817,151819,151821,151823,151825,151827,151829],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151814,4327],{"class":50},[44,151816,55],{"class":54},[44,151818,59],{"class":58},[44,151820,1588],{"class":95},[44,151822,83],{"class":58},[44,151824,1717],{"class":95},[44,151826,83],{"class":58},[44,151828,2955],{"class":95},[44,151830,99],{"class":58},[44,151832,151833,151835,151837,151839,151841,151843],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151834,1953],{"class":50},[44,151836,55],{"class":54},[44,151838,149597],{"class":2248},[44,151840,120],{"class":58},[44,151842,5860],{"class":116},[44,151844,129],{"class":58},[44,151846,151847],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,151848,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,151850,151851,151853,151855,151857],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,151852,136],{"class":135},[44,151854,120],{"class":58},[44,151856,1984],{"class":116},[44,151858,129],{"class":58},[20,151860,2576],{},[35,151862,151863],{"className":37,"code":149810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151864,151865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151866,151867,151869,151871,151873,151875,151877,151879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151868,120],{"class":58},[44,151870,1588],{"class":95},[44,151872,83],{"class":58},[44,151874,1717],{"class":95},[44,151876,83],{"class":58},[44,151878,2955],{"class":95},[44,151880,129],{"class":58},[20,151882,151883,151884,113],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[625,151885,151887],{"href":151886},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[981,151889,151891],{"id":151890},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151893,63781,151894,151896],{},[15,151895,38278],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[35,151898,151900],{"className":37,"code":151899,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151901,151902,151938,151952,151956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151903,151904,151906,151908,151910,151912,151914,151916,151918,151920,151922,151924,151926,151928,151930,151932,151934,151936],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151905,51],{"class":50},[44,151907,55],{"class":54},[44,151909,59],{"class":58},[44,151911,63],{"class":62},[44,151913,67],{"class":66},[44,151915,63],{"class":62},[44,151917,72],{"class":58},[44,151919,75],{"class":62},[44,151921,78],{"class":66},[44,151923,63],{"class":62},[44,151925,83],{"class":58},[44,151927,75],{"class":62},[44,151929,88],{"class":66},[44,151931,63],{"class":62},[44,151933,72],{"class":58},[44,151935,96],{"class":95},[44,151937,99],{"class":58},[44,151939,151940,151942,151944,151946,151948,151950],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151941,1953],{"class":50},[44,151943,55],{"class":54},[44,151945,149597],{"class":2248},[44,151947,120],{"class":58},[44,151949,158],{"class":116},[44,151951,129],{"class":58},[44,151953,151954],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,151955,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,151957,151958,151960,151962,151964],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,151959,136],{"class":135},[44,151961,120],{"class":58},[44,151963,1984],{"class":116},[44,151965,129],{"class":58},[20,151967,30254],{},[35,151969,151971],{"className":37,"code":151970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151972,151973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151974,151975,151977,151979,151981,151983,151985,151987,151989,151991],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151976,120],{"class":58},[44,151978,2197],{"class":62},[44,151980,67],{"class":66},[44,151982,2197],{"class":62},[44,151984,83],{"class":58},[44,151986,2232],{"class":62},[44,151988,88],{"class":66},[44,151990,2197],{"class":62},[44,151992,129],{"class":58},[30,151994,151996],{"id":151995},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151998,151999],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,152001,152002,152005],{},[15,152003,152004],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[35,152007,152009],{"className":37,"code":152008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,152010,152011,152047,152051,152065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152012,152013,152015,152017,152019,152021,152023,152025,152027,152029,152031,152033,152035,152037,152039,152041,152043,152045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152014,51],{"class":50},[44,152016,55],{"class":54},[44,152018,59],{"class":58},[44,152020,63],{"class":62},[44,152022,67],{"class":66},[44,152024,63],{"class":62},[44,152026,72],{"class":58},[44,152028,75],{"class":62},[44,152030,78],{"class":66},[44,152032,63],{"class":62},[44,152034,83],{"class":58},[44,152036,75],{"class":62},[44,152038,88],{"class":66},[44,152040,63],{"class":62},[44,152042,72],{"class":58},[44,152044,96],{"class":95},[44,152046,99],{"class":58},[44,152048,152049],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152050,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,152052,152053,152055,152057,152059,152061,152063],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,152054,136],{"class":135},[44,152056,120],{"class":58},[44,152058,49190],{"class":2248},[44,152060,120],{"class":58},[44,152062,158],{"class":116},[44,152064,2239],{"class":58},[44,152066,152067,152069,152071,152073,152075,152077,152079,152081],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,152068,136],{"class":135},[44,152070,120],{"class":58},[44,152072,49190],{"class":2248},[44,152074,120],{"class":58},[44,152076,158],{"class":116},[44,152078,113],{"class":58},[44,152080,8305],{"class":116},[44,152082,6791],{"class":58},[20,152084,2576],{},[35,152086,152088],{"className":37,"code":152087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,152089,152090,152110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152091,152092,152094,152096,152098,152100,152102,152104,152106,152108],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152093,120],{"class":58},[44,152095,2197],{"class":62},[44,152097,67],{"class":66},[44,152099,2197],{"class":62},[44,152101,83],{"class":58},[44,152103,2232],{"class":62},[44,152105,88],{"class":66},[44,152107,2197],{"class":62},[44,152109,129],{"class":58},[44,152111,152112,152114,152116,152118,152120,152122,152124,152126,152128,152130,152132,152134,152136,152138,152140,152142],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152113,6011],{"class":58},[44,152115,2197],{"class":62},[44,152117,67],{"class":66},[44,152119,2197],{"class":62},[44,152121,83],{"class":58},[44,152123,2232],{"class":62},[44,152125,78],{"class":66},[44,152127,2197],{"class":62},[44,152129,9725],{"class":58},[44,152131,9728],{"class":58},[44,152133,2197],{"class":62},[44,152135,88],{"class":66},[44,152137,2197],{"class":62},[44,152139,83],{"class":58},[44,152141,96],{"class":95},[44,152143,2239],{"class":58},[20,152145,19144],{},[252,152147,152148,152153],{},[255,152149,152150,152152],{},[15,152151,152004],{}," for keys",[255,152154,152155,32783],{},[15,152156,152157],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,152159,152160,152161,113],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[625,152162,63791],{"href":63790},[30,152164,152166],{"id":152165},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,152168,152169,18771],{},[15,152170,38278],{},[252,152172,152173,152176,152179,152182],{},[255,152174,152175],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[255,152177,152178],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[255,152180,152181],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[255,152183,152184],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,152186,269],{},[35,152188,152190],{"className":37,"code":152189,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,152191,152192,152211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152193,152194,152197,152199,152201,152203,152205,152207,152209],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152195,152196],{"class":50},"coordinates ",[44,152198,55],{"class":54},[44,152200,149597],{"class":2248},[44,152202,3492],{"class":58},[44,152204,3008],{"class":95},[44,152206,83],{"class":58},[44,152208,6495],{"class":95},[44,152210,4391],{"class":58},[44,152212,152213,152215,152217,152220],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152214,136],{"class":135},[44,152216,120],{"class":58},[44,152218,152219],{"class":116},"coordinates",[44,152221,129],{"class":58},[20,152223,2576],{},[35,152225,152227],{"className":37,"code":152226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(4, 7)\n",[15,152228,152229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152230,152231,152233,152235,152237,152239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152232,120],{"class":58},[44,152234,3008],{"class":95},[44,152236,83],{"class":58},[44,152238,6495],{"class":95},[44,152240,129],{"class":58},[20,152242,152243],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[252,152245,152246,152248,152251,152254],{},[255,152247,152219],{},[255,152249,152250],{},"RGB colors",[255,152252,152253],{},"dates",[255,152255,152256],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[30,152258,152260],{"id":152259},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,152262,44664,152263,776],{},[15,152264,38278],{},[252,152266,152267,152270,152273],{},[255,152268,152269],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[255,152271,152272],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[255,152274,152275],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,152277,116722,152278,152280],{},[590,152279,592],{}," work:",[35,152282,152284],{"className":37,"code":152283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152285,152286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152287,152288,152290,152292,152294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152289,49190],{"class":2248},[44,152291,120],{"class":58},[44,152293,2643],{"class":95},[44,152295,129],{"class":58},[20,152297,152298],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152300,152301],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[30,152303,115560],{"id":115559},[20,152305,152306],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[981,152308,152310],{"id":152309},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152312,3342],{},[35,152314,152315],{"className":37,"code":152283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152316,152317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152318,152319,152321,152323,152325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152320,49190],{"class":2248},[44,152322,120],{"class":58},[44,152324,2643],{"class":95},[44,152326,129],{"class":58},[20,152328,29905],{},[35,152330,152331],{"className":37,"code":63895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152332,152333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152334,152335,152337,152339,152341,152343,152345,152347,152349,152351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152336,3511],{"class":2248},[44,152338,72],{"class":58},[44,152340,2232],{"class":62},[44,152342,2694],{"class":66},[44,152344,2197],{"class":62},[44,152346,25056],{"class":2248},[44,152348,8591],{"class":54},[44,152350,8594],{"class":54},[44,152352,63918],{"class":50},[20,152354,152355,152356,113],{},"If you see this, read ",[625,152357,62532],{"href":52838},[981,152359,152361],{"id":152360},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152363,152364],{},"This code:",[35,152366,152368],{"className":37,"code":152367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152369,152370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152371,152372,152374,152376,152378,152380,152382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152373,49190],{"class":2248},[44,152375,120],{"class":58},[44,152377,63],{"class":62},[44,152379,4349],{"class":66},[44,152381,63],{"class":62},[44,152383,129],{"class":58},[20,152385,152386],{},"returns:",[35,152388,152390],{"className":37,"code":152389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152391,152392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152393,152394,152396,152398,152400,152402,152404,152406,152408,152410,152412,152414,152416,152418,152420,152422,152424,152426,152428,152430,152432,152434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152395,120],{"class":58},[44,152397,2197],{"class":62},[44,152399,60679],{"class":66},[44,152401,2197],{"class":62},[44,152403,83],{"class":58},[44,152405,2232],{"class":62},[44,152407,60688],{"class":66},[44,152409,2197],{"class":62},[44,152411,83],{"class":58},[44,152413,2232],{"class":62},[44,152415,60697],{"class":66},[44,152417,2197],{"class":62},[44,152419,83],{"class":58},[44,152421,2232],{"class":62},[44,152423,60697],{"class":66},[44,152425,2197],{"class":62},[44,152427,83],{"class":58},[44,152429,2232],{"class":62},[44,152431,60714],{"class":66},[44,152433,2197],{"class":62},[44,152435,129],{"class":58},[20,152437,41139,152438,152440],{},[590,152439,592],{}," return:",[35,152442,152444],{"className":37,"code":152443,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('hello',)\n",[15,152445,152446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152447,152448,152450,152452,152454,152456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152449,120],{"class":58},[44,152451,2197],{"class":62},[44,152453,4349],{"class":66},[44,152455,2197],{"class":62},[44,152457,149587],{"class":58},[20,152459,152460],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[35,152462,152464],{"className":37,"code":152463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152465,152466,152483],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152467,152468,152471,152473,152475,152477,152479,152481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152469,152470],{"class":50},"single ",[44,152472,55],{"class":54},[44,152474,9728],{"class":58},[44,152476,63],{"class":62},[44,152478,4349],{"class":66},[44,152480,63],{"class":62},[44,152482,149587],{"class":58},[44,152484,152485,152487,152489,152492],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152486,136],{"class":135},[44,152488,120],{"class":58},[44,152490,152491],{"class":116},"single",[44,152493,129],{"class":58},[981,152495,152497],{"id":152496},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152499,152364],{},[35,152501,152503],{"className":37,"code":152502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152504,152505,152537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152506,152507,152509,152511,152513,152515,152517,152519,152521,152523,152525,152527,152529,152531,152533,152535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152508,616],{"class":50},[44,152510,55],{"class":54},[44,152512,59],{"class":58},[44,152514,63],{"class":62},[44,152516,625],{"class":66},[44,152518,63],{"class":62},[44,152520,72],{"class":58},[44,152522,1703],{"class":95},[44,152524,83],{"class":58},[44,152526,75],{"class":62},[44,152528,639],{"class":66},[44,152530,63],{"class":62},[44,152532,72],{"class":58},[44,152534,1717],{"class":95},[44,152536,99],{"class":58},[44,152538,152539,152541,152543,152545,152547,152549],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152540,136],{"class":135},[44,152542,120],{"class":58},[44,152544,49190],{"class":2248},[44,152546,120],{"class":58},[44,152548,750],{"class":116},[44,152550,2239],{"class":58},[20,152552,152553],{},"returns only the keys:",[35,152555,152557],{"className":37,"code":152556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152558,152559],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152560,152561,152563,152565,152567,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152562,120],{"class":58},[44,152564,2197],{"class":62},[44,152566,625],{"class":66},[44,152568,2197],{"class":62},[44,152570,83],{"class":58},[44,152572,2232],{"class":62},[44,152574,639],{"class":66},[44,152576,2197],{"class":62},[44,152578,129],{"class":58},[20,152580,152581],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[35,152583,152585],{"className":37,"code":152584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152586,152587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152588,152589,152591,152593,152595,152597,152599,152601,152603],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152590,136],{"class":135},[44,152592,120],{"class":58},[44,152594,49190],{"class":2248},[44,152596,120],{"class":58},[44,152598,750],{"class":116},[44,152600,113],{"class":58},[44,152602,8305],{"class":116},[44,152604,6791],{"class":58},[981,152606,152608],{"id":152607},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152610,152611,152612,152614],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152613,38278],{}," conversion.",[20,152616,5973],{},[35,152618,152620],{"className":37,"code":152619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152621,152622,152642],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152623,152624,152626,152628,152630,152632,152634,152636,152638,152640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152625,1244],{"class":50},[44,152627,55],{"class":54},[44,152629,9728],{"class":58},[44,152631,1588],{"class":95},[44,152633,83],{"class":58},[44,152635,1717],{"class":95},[44,152637,83],{"class":58},[44,152639,2955],{"class":95},[44,152641,129],{"class":58},[44,152643,152644,152646,152648,152650],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152645,136],{"class":135},[44,152647,120],{"class":58},[44,152649,1282],{"class":116},[44,152651,129],{"class":58},[20,152653,152654],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152656,25942,152657,152659],{},[15,152658,38278],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[30,152661,2301],{"id":2300},[981,152663,152665],{"id":152664},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152667,152668],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[981,152670,152672],{"id":152671},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152674,152675,152676,113],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152677,7862],{},[981,152679,152681],{"id":152680},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152683,152684],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[981,152686,152688],{"id":152687},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152690,152691],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[981,152693,152695],{"id":152694},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152697,152698,152699,113],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152700,3511],{},[30,152702,2375],{"id":2374},[252,152704,152705,152709,152713,152717,152721,152725],{},[255,152706,152707],{},[625,152708,148231],{"href":148230},[255,152710,152711],{},[625,152712,151158],{"href":149534},[255,152714,152715],{},[625,152716,105295],{"href":60296},[255,152718,152719],{},[625,152720,151887],{"href":151886},[255,152722,152723],{},[625,152724,63791],{"href":63790},[255,152726,152727],{},[625,152728,62532],{"href":52838},[2414,152730,152731],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":152733},[152734,152735,152736,152737,152738,152745,152746,152747,152748,152754,152761],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":151361,"depth":102,"text":151362},{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":149907,"depth":102,"text":149908},{"id":151530,"depth":102,"text":151531,"children":152739},[152740,152741,152742,152743,152744],{"id":151534,"depth":132,"text":151535},{"id":151622,"depth":132,"text":151623},{"id":151721,"depth":132,"text":151722},{"id":151801,"depth":132,"text":151802},{"id":151890,"depth":132,"text":151891},{"id":151995,"depth":102,"text":151996},{"id":152165,"depth":102,"text":152166},{"id":152259,"depth":102,"text":152260},{"id":115559,"depth":102,"text":115560,"children":152749},[152750,152751,152752,152753],{"id":152309,"depth":132,"text":152310},{"id":152360,"depth":132,"text":152361},{"id":152496,"depth":132,"text":152497},{"id":152607,"depth":132,"text":152608},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":152755},[152756,152757,152758,152759,152760],{"id":152664,"depth":132,"text":152665},{"id":152671,"depth":132,"text":152672},{"id":152680,"depth":132,"text":152681},{"id":152687,"depth":132,"text":152688},{"id":152694,"depth":132,"text":152695},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151216,"description":152762},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152769,"title":152770,"body":152771,"description":154184,"extension":2465,"meta":154185,"navigation":169,"path":154186,"seo":154187,"stem":154188,"__hash__":154189},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152772,"toc":154156},[152773,152778,152783,152786,152788,152867,152873,152878,152882,152897,152899,152946,152948,152956,152964,152970,152972,152977,152997,153000,153027,153029,153053,153055,153197,153199,153203,153211,153214,153216,153293,153295,153303,153307,153311,153321,153331,153333,153338,153340,153399,153404,153406,153506,153508,153522,153527,153533,153540,153543,153545,153655,153659,153676,153678,153741,153743,153751,153763,153767,153772,153800,153803,153885,153887,153898,153900,153904,153931,153933,153935,154015,154023,154025,154080,154082,154087,154090,154094,154098,154100,154104,154108,154116,154123,154126,154128,154153],[10,152774,148115,152776,18],{"id":152775},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152777,59208],{},[20,152779,152780,152782],{},[15,152781,149436],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152784,152785],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[30,152787,2507],{"id":2506},[35,152789,152791],{"className":37,"code":152790,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152792,152793,152833,152855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152794,152795,152797,152799,152801,152803,152805,152807,152809,152811,152813,152815,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827,152829,152831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152796,13539],{"class":50},[44,152798,55],{"class":54},[44,152800,9728],{"class":58},[44,152802,63],{"class":62},[44,152804,13556],{"class":66},[44,152806,63],{"class":62},[44,152808,83],{"class":58},[44,152810,75],{"class":62},[44,152812,13573],{"class":66},[44,152814,63],{"class":62},[44,152816,83],{"class":58},[44,152818,75],{"class":62},[44,152820,17907],{"class":66},[44,152822,63],{"class":62},[44,152824,83],{"class":58},[44,152826,75],{"class":62},[44,152828,13573],{"class":66},[44,152830,63],{"class":62},[44,152832,129],{"class":58},[44,152834,152835,152837,152839,152841,152843,152845,152847,152849,152851,152853],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152836,65161],{"class":50},[44,152838,55],{"class":54},[44,152840,13587],{"class":50},[44,152842,113],{"class":58},[44,152844,36075],{"class":116},[44,152846,120],{"class":58},[44,152848,63],{"class":62},[44,152850,13573],{"class":66},[44,152852,63],{"class":62},[44,152854,129],{"class":58},[44,152856,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,152858,136],{"class":135},[44,152860,120],{"class":58},[44,152862,65188],{"class":116},[44,152864,144],{"class":58},[44,152866,1762],{"class":147},[20,152868,152869,152872],{},[15,152870,152871],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[30,152874,243,152876,246],{"id":152875},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152877,149436],{},[20,152879,2482,152880,11890],{},[15,152881,59208],{},[252,152883,152884,152887,152889,152892],{},[255,152885,152886],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[255,152888,128713],{},[255,152890,152891],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[255,152893,152894,152895],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152896,2626],{},[20,152898,269],{},[35,152900,152902],{"className":37,"code":152901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152903,152904,152928],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152905,152906,152908,152910,152912,152914,152916,152918,152920,152922,152924,152926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152907,1551],{"class":50},[44,152909,55],{"class":54},[44,152911,9728],{"class":58},[44,152913,1559],{"class":95},[44,152915,83],{"class":58},[44,152917,646],{"class":95},[44,152919,83],{"class":58},[44,152921,1568],{"class":95},[44,152923,83],{"class":58},[44,152925,646],{"class":95},[44,152927,129],{"class":58},[44,152929,152930,152932,152934,152936,152938,152940,152942,152944],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152931,136],{"class":135},[44,152933,120],{"class":58},[44,152935,1579],{"class":116},[44,152937,113],{"class":58},[44,152939,36075],{"class":116},[44,152941,120],{"class":58},[44,152943,16210],{"class":95},[44,152945,2239],{"class":58},[20,152947,2576],{},[35,152949,152950],{"className":37,"code":47153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152951,152952],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152953,152954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152955,47153],{"class":95},[20,152957,21421,152958,152960,152961,152963],{},[15,152959,16210],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152962,59208],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152965,151382,152966,113],{},[625,152967,152969],{"href":152968},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[30,152971,392],{"id":391},[20,152973,8259,152974,152976],{},[15,152975,59208],{}," in two ways:",[35,152978,152980],{"className":37,"code":152979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152981,152982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152983,152984,152987,152989,152991,152993,152995],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152985,152986],{"class":50},"tuple_name",[44,152988,113],{"class":58},[44,152990,36075],{"class":116},[44,152992,120],{"class":58},[44,152994,1282],{"class":116},[44,152996,129],{"class":58},[20,152998,152999],{},"or:",[35,153001,153003],{"className":37,"code":153002,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,153004,153005],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153006,153007,153009,153011,153013,153015,153017,153019,153021,153023,153025],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153008,152986],{"class":50},[44,153010,113],{"class":58},[44,153012,36075],{"class":116},[44,153014,120],{"class":58},[44,153016,1282],{"class":116},[44,153018,83],{"class":58},[44,153020,36281],{"class":116},[44,153022,83],{"class":58},[44,153024,65282],{"class":116},[44,153026,129],{"class":58},[981,153028,17848],{"id":17847},[252,153030,153031,153036,153041,153046],{},[255,153032,153033,153035],{},[15,153034,1282],{}," — the item to search for",[255,153037,153038,153040],{},[15,153039,36302],{}," — optional starting position",[255,153042,153043,153045],{},[15,153044,52899],{}," — optional ending position",[255,153047,153048,5285,153050,153052],{},[15,153049,52899],{},[590,153051,65311],{}," in the search",[20,153054,269],{},[35,153056,153058],{"className":37,"code":153057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,153059,153060,153108,153112,153137,153165],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153061,153062,153064,153066,153068,153070,153072,153074,153076,153078,153080,153082,153084,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100,153102,153104,153106],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153063,36320],{"class":50},[44,153065,55],{"class":54},[44,153067,9728],{"class":58},[44,153069,63],{"class":62},[44,153071,625],{"class":66},[44,153073,63],{"class":62},[44,153075,83],{"class":58},[44,153077,75],{"class":62},[44,153079,639],{"class":66},[44,153081,63],{"class":62},[44,153083,83],{"class":58},[44,153085,75],{"class":62},[44,153087,696],{"class":66},[44,153089,63],{"class":62},[44,153091,83],{"class":58},[44,153093,75],{"class":62},[44,153095,639],{"class":66},[44,153097,63],{"class":62},[44,153099,83],{"class":58},[44,153101,75],{"class":62},[44,153103,19217],{"class":66},[44,153105,63],{"class":62},[44,153107,129],{"class":58},[44,153109,153110],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153111,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,153113,153114,153116,153118,153120,153122,153124,153126,153128,153130,153132,153134],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,153115,136],{"class":135},[44,153117,120],{"class":58},[44,153119,36373],{"class":116},[44,153121,113],{"class":58},[44,153123,36075],{"class":116},[44,153125,120],{"class":58},[44,153127,63],{"class":62},[44,153129,639],{"class":66},[44,153131,63],{"class":62},[44,153133,532],{"class":58},[44,153135,153136],{"class":147},"        # 1\n",[44,153138,153139,153141,153143,153145,153147,153149,153151,153153,153155,153157,153159,153161,153163],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,153140,136],{"class":135},[44,153142,120],{"class":58},[44,153144,36373],{"class":116},[44,153146,113],{"class":58},[44,153148,36075],{"class":116},[44,153150,120],{"class":58},[44,153152,63],{"class":62},[44,153154,639],{"class":66},[44,153156,63],{"class":62},[44,153158,83],{"class":58},[44,153160,1717],{"class":95},[44,153162,532],{"class":58},[44,153164,51156],{"class":147},[44,153166,153167,153169,153171,153173,153175,153177,153179,153181,153183,153185,153187,153189,153191,153193,153195],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,153168,136],{"class":135},[44,153170,120],{"class":58},[44,153172,36373],{"class":116},[44,153174,113],{"class":58},[44,153176,36075],{"class":116},[44,153178,120],{"class":58},[44,153180,63],{"class":62},[44,153182,639],{"class":66},[44,153184,63],{"class":62},[44,153186,83],{"class":58},[44,153188,1703],{"class":95},[44,153190,83],{"class":58},[44,153192,2955],{"class":95},[44,153194,532],{"class":58},[44,153196,1762],{"class":147},[30,153198,103622],{"id":103621},[20,153200,153201,25945],{},[15,153202,149436],{},[252,153204,153205,153208],{},[255,153206,153207],{},"An integer",[255,153209,153210],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,153212,153213],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,153215,269],{},[35,153217,153219],{"className":37,"code":153218,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,153220,153221,153261,153283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153222,153223,153225,153227,153229,153231,153233,153235,153237,153239,153241,153243,153245,153247,153249,153251,153253,153255,153257,153259],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153224,108721],{"class":50},[44,153226,55],{"class":54},[44,153228,9728],{"class":58},[44,153230,63],{"class":62},[44,153232,37278],{"class":66},[44,153234,63],{"class":62},[44,153236,83],{"class":58},[44,153238,75],{"class":62},[44,153240,58367],{"class":66},[44,153242,63],{"class":62},[44,153244,83],{"class":58},[44,153246,75],{"class":62},[44,153248,58384],{"class":66},[44,153250,63],{"class":62},[44,153252,83],{"class":58},[44,153254,75],{"class":62},[44,153256,58367],{"class":66},[44,153258,63],{"class":62},[44,153260,129],{"class":58},[44,153262,153263,153265,153267,153269,153271,153273,153275,153277,153279,153281],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153264,1953],{"class":50},[44,153266,55],{"class":54},[44,153268,108764],{"class":50},[44,153270,113],{"class":58},[44,153272,36075],{"class":116},[44,153274,120],{"class":58},[44,153276,63],{"class":62},[44,153278,58367],{"class":66},[44,153280,63],{"class":62},[44,153282,129],{"class":58},[44,153284,153285,153287,153289,153291],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,153286,136],{"class":135},[44,153288,120],{"class":58},[44,153290,1984],{"class":116},[44,153292,129],{"class":58},[20,153294,2576],{},[35,153296,153297],{"className":37,"code":47153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,153298,153299],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153300,153301],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153302,47153],{"class":95},[30,153304,153306],{"id":153305},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153308,227,153309,776],{},[15,153310,149436],{},[252,153312,153313,153315,153318],{},[255,153314,66340],{},[255,153316,153317],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[255,153319,153320],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153322,153323,153324,153327,153328,113],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153325,153326],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[625,153329,149904],{"href":153330},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[30,153332,65872],{"id":65871},[20,153334,153335,153336,113],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153337,40937],{},[20,153339,269],{},[35,153341,153343],{"className":37,"code":153342,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153344,153345,153377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153346,153347,153349,153351,153353,153355,153357,153359,153361,153363,153365,153367,153369,153371,153373,153375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153348,13539],{"class":50},[44,153350,55],{"class":54},[44,153352,9728],{"class":58},[44,153354,63],{"class":62},[44,153356,13556],{"class":66},[44,153358,63],{"class":62},[44,153360,83],{"class":58},[44,153362,75],{"class":62},[44,153364,13573],{"class":66},[44,153366,63],{"class":62},[44,153368,83],{"class":58},[44,153370,75],{"class":62},[44,153372,17907],{"class":66},[44,153374,63],{"class":62},[44,153376,129],{"class":58},[44,153378,153379,153381,153383,153385,153387,153389,153391,153393,153395,153397],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153380,136],{"class":135},[44,153382,120],{"class":58},[44,153384,17954],{"class":116},[44,153386,113],{"class":58},[44,153388,36075],{"class":116},[44,153390,120],{"class":58},[44,153392,63],{"class":62},[44,153394,22962],{"class":66},[44,153396,63],{"class":62},[44,153398,2239],{"class":58},[20,153400,39886,153401,153403],{},[15,153402,110046],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153405,65947],{},[35,153407,153409],{"className":37,"code":153408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153410,153411,153443,153447,153463,153485,153491],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153412,153413,153415,153417,153419,153421,153423,153425,153427,153429,153431,153433,153435,153437,153439,153441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153414,13539],{"class":50},[44,153416,55],{"class":54},[44,153418,9728],{"class":58},[44,153420,63],{"class":62},[44,153422,13556],{"class":66},[44,153424,63],{"class":62},[44,153426,83],{"class":58},[44,153428,75],{"class":62},[44,153430,13573],{"class":66},[44,153432,63],{"class":62},[44,153434,83],{"class":58},[44,153436,75],{"class":62},[44,153438,17907],{"class":66},[44,153440,63],{"class":62},[44,153442,129],{"class":58},[44,153444,153445],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153446,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,153448,153449,153451,153453,153455,153457,153459,153461],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,153450,1345],{"class":1140},[44,153452,75],{"class":62},[44,153454,22962],{"class":66},[44,153456,63],{"class":62},[44,153458,1354],{"class":54},[44,153460,13587],{"class":50},[44,153462,1359],{"class":58},[44,153464,153465,153467,153469,153471,153473,153475,153477,153479,153481,153483],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,153466,1387],{"class":135},[44,153468,120],{"class":58},[44,153470,17954],{"class":116},[44,153472,113],{"class":58},[44,153474,36075],{"class":116},[44,153476,120],{"class":58},[44,153478,63],{"class":62},[44,153480,22962],{"class":66},[44,153482,63],{"class":62},[44,153484,2239],{"class":58},[44,153486,153487,153489],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,153488,1398],{"class":1140},[44,153490,1359],{"class":58},[44,153492,153493,153495,153497,153499,153502,153504],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,153494,1387],{"class":135},[44,153496,120],{"class":58},[44,153498,63],{"class":62},[44,153500,153501],{"class":66},"Value not found",[44,153503,63],{"class":62},[44,153505,129],{"class":58},[20,153507,2576],{},[35,153509,153511],{"className":37,"code":153510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Value not found\n",[15,153512,153513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153514,153515,153518,153520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153516,153517],{"class":50},"Value ",[44,153519,592],{"class":54},[44,153521,66071],{"class":50},[20,153523,153524,153525,113],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[625,153526,66081],{"href":66080},[30,153528,1785,153529,976,153531],{"id":65648},[15,153530,36302],{},[15,153532,52899],{},[20,153534,2482,153535,976,153537,153539],{},[15,153536,36302],{},[15,153538,52899],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153541,153542],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153544,269],{},[35,153546,153548],{"className":37,"code":153547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153549,153550,153578,153582,153603,153627],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153551,153552,153554,153556,153558,153560,153562,153564,153566,153568,153570,153572,153574,153576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153553,4327],{"class":50},[44,153555,55],{"class":54},[44,153557,9728],{"class":58},[44,153559,2643],{"class":95},[44,153561,83],{"class":58},[44,153563,632],{"class":95},[44,153565,83],{"class":58},[44,153567,5108],{"class":95},[44,153569,83],{"class":58},[44,153571,646],{"class":95},[44,153573,83],{"class":58},[44,153575,5108],{"class":95},[44,153577,129],{"class":58},[44,153579,153580],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153581,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,153583,153584,153586,153588,153590,153592,153594,153596,153598,153600],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,153585,136],{"class":135},[44,153587,120],{"class":58},[44,153589,5860],{"class":116},[44,153591,113],{"class":58},[44,153593,36075],{"class":116},[44,153595,120],{"class":58},[44,153597,2643],{"class":95},[44,153599,532],{"class":58},[44,153601,153602],{"class":147},"        # 0\n",[44,153604,153605,153607,153609,153611,153613,153615,153617,153619,153621,153623,153625],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,153606,136],{"class":135},[44,153608,120],{"class":58},[44,153610,5860],{"class":116},[44,153612,113],{"class":58},[44,153614,36075],{"class":116},[44,153616,120],{"class":58},[44,153618,2643],{"class":95},[44,153620,83],{"class":58},[44,153622,1703],{"class":95},[44,153624,532],{"class":58},[44,153626,51190],{"class":147},[44,153628,153629,153631,153633,153635,153637,153639,153641,153643,153645,153647,153649,153651,153653],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,153630,136],{"class":135},[44,153632,120],{"class":58},[44,153634,5860],{"class":116},[44,153636,113],{"class":58},[44,153638,36075],{"class":116},[44,153640,120],{"class":58},[44,153642,2643],{"class":95},[44,153644,83],{"class":58},[44,153646,2955],{"class":95},[44,153648,83],{"class":58},[44,153650,5108],{"class":95},[44,153652,532],{"class":58},[44,153654,51173],{"class":147},[981,153656,153658],{"id":153657},"how-it-works","How it works",[252,153660,153661,153666,153671],{},[255,153662,153663,153665],{},[15,153664,36302],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[255,153667,153668,153670],{},[15,153669,52899],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[255,153672,2482,153673,153675],{},[15,153674,52899],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153677,269],{},[35,153679,153681],{"className":37,"code":153680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153682,153683,153711,153715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153684,153685,153687,153689,153691,153693,153695,153697,153699,153701,153703,153705,153707,153709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153686,4327],{"class":50},[44,153688,55],{"class":54},[44,153690,9728],{"class":58},[44,153692,2643],{"class":95},[44,153694,83],{"class":58},[44,153696,632],{"class":95},[44,153698,83],{"class":58},[44,153700,5108],{"class":95},[44,153702,83],{"class":58},[44,153704,646],{"class":95},[44,153706,83],{"class":58},[44,153708,5108],{"class":95},[44,153710,129],{"class":58},[44,153712,153713],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153714,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,153716,153717,153719,153721,153723,153725,153727,153729,153731,153733,153735,153737,153739],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,153718,136],{"class":135},[44,153720,120],{"class":58},[44,153722,5860],{"class":116},[44,153724,113],{"class":58},[44,153726,36075],{"class":116},[44,153728,120],{"class":58},[44,153730,2643],{"class":95},[44,153732,83],{"class":58},[44,153734,1703],{"class":95},[44,153736,83],{"class":58},[44,153738,2961],{"class":95},[44,153740,2239],{"class":58},[20,153742,2576],{},[35,153744,153745],{"className":37,"code":17510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,153746,153747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153748,153749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153750,17510],{"class":95},[20,153752,153753,153754,2695,153756,17526,153758,153760,153761,113],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153755,1588],{},[15,153757,2561],{},[15,153759,2567],{},", but not ",[15,153762,3008],{},[30,153764,153766],{"id":153765},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153768,153769,153770,72],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153771,149436],{},[252,153773,153774,153782,153787,153794],{},[255,153775,153776,153777,153779,153780],{},"Do not confuse the ",[590,153778,1282],{}," with the ",[590,153781,36075],{},[255,153783,153784,153785],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153786,2626],{},[255,153788,227,153789,153793],{},[625,153790,149462,153791,11221],{"href":149514},[15,153792,57530],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[255,153795,153796,153797,153799],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153798,153326],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153801,153802],{},"Example of value vs index:",[35,153804,153806],{"className":37,"code":153805,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153807,153808,153840,153844,153868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153809,153810,153812,153814,153816,153818,153820,153822,153824,153826,153828,153830,153832,153834,153836,153838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153811,36469],{"class":50},[44,153813,55],{"class":54},[44,153815,9728],{"class":58},[44,153817,63],{"class":62},[44,153819,4582],{"class":66},[44,153821,63],{"class":62},[44,153823,83],{"class":58},[44,153825,75],{"class":62},[44,153827,4591],{"class":66},[44,153829,63],{"class":62},[44,153831,83],{"class":58},[44,153833,75],{"class":62},[44,153835,33447],{"class":66},[44,153837,63],{"class":62},[44,153839,129],{"class":58},[44,153841,153842],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153843,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,153845,153846,153848,153850,153852,153854,153856,153858,153860,153862,153864,153866],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,153847,136],{"class":135},[44,153849,120],{"class":58},[44,153851,36521],{"class":116},[44,153853,113],{"class":58},[44,153855,36075],{"class":116},[44,153857,120],{"class":58},[44,153859,63],{"class":62},[44,153861,4591],{"class":66},[44,153863,63],{"class":62},[44,153865,532],{"class":58},[44,153867,1762],{"class":147},[44,153869,153870,153872,153874,153876,153878,153880,153882],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,153871,136],{"class":135},[44,153873,120],{"class":58},[44,153875,36521],{"class":116},[44,153877,896],{"class":58},[44,153879,1588],{"class":95},[44,153881,20892],{"class":58},[44,153883,153884],{"class":147},"               # banana\n",[20,153886,2684],{},[252,153888,153889,153893],{},[255,153890,153891,15703],{},[15,153892,65516],{},[255,153894,153895,153897],{},[15,153896,1588],{}," is the index",[30,153899,3335],{"id":3334},[20,153901,106360,153902,72],{},[15,153903,149436],{},[252,153905,153906,153909,153914,153919,153926],{},[255,153907,153908],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[255,153910,1904,153911,153913],{},[15,153912,59208],{}," to return all matching positions",[255,153915,153916,153917],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153918,2626],{},[255,153920,153921,153922,976,153924],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153923,36302],{},[15,153925,52899],{},[255,153927,37435,153928,153930],{},[15,153929,149436],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[981,153932,60951],{"id":60950},[20,153934,94622],{},[35,153936,153938],{"className":37,"code":153937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153939,153940,153950,153964,153979,153997],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153941,153942,153944,153946,153948],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153943,136],{"class":135},[44,153945,120],{"class":58},[44,153947,148249],{"class":116},[44,153949,129],{"class":58},[44,153951,153952,153954,153956,153958,153960,153962],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153953,136],{"class":135},[44,153955,120],{"class":58},[44,153957,11641],{"class":135},[44,153959,120],{"class":58},[44,153961,148249],{"class":116},[44,153963,2239],{"class":58},[44,153965,153966,153968,153970,153972,153974,153977],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,153967,136],{"class":135},[44,153969,120],{"class":58},[44,153971,1244],{"class":116},[44,153973,4385],{"class":1140},[44,153975,153976],{"class":116}," my_tuple",[44,153978,129],{"class":58},[44,153980,153981,153983,153985,153987,153989,153991,153993,153995],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,153982,136],{"class":135},[44,153984,120],{"class":58},[44,153986,148249],{"class":116},[44,153988,113],{"class":58},[44,153990,41493],{"class":116},[44,153992,120],{"class":58},[44,153994,1282],{"class":116},[44,153996,2239],{"class":58},[44,153998,153999,154001,154003,154005,154007,154009,154011,154013],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,154000,136],{"class":135},[44,154002,120],{"class":58},[44,154004,148249],{"class":116},[44,154006,113],{"class":58},[44,154008,36075],{"class":116},[44,154010,120],{"class":58},[44,154012,1282],{"class":116},[44,154014,2239],{"class":58},[20,154016,154017,154018,84639,154020,154022],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,154019,40937],{},[15,154021,1282],{}," is missing.",[20,154024,129866],{},[35,154026,154028],{"className":37,"code":154027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,154029,154030,154042,154060,154066],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154031,154032,154034,154036,154038,154040],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154033,1345],{"class":1140},[44,154035,22023],{"class":50},[44,154037,4385],{"class":54},[44,154039,153976],{"class":50},[44,154041,1359],{"class":58},[44,154043,154044,154046,154048,154050,154052,154054,154056,154058],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154045,1387],{"class":135},[44,154047,120],{"class":58},[44,154049,148249],{"class":116},[44,154051,113],{"class":58},[44,154053,36075],{"class":116},[44,154055,120],{"class":58},[44,154057,1282],{"class":116},[44,154059,2239],{"class":58},[44,154061,154062,154064],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,154063,1398],{"class":1140},[44,154065,1359],{"class":58},[44,154067,154068,154070,154072,154074,154076,154078],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,154069,1387],{"class":135},[44,154071,120],{"class":58},[44,154073,63],{"class":62},[44,154075,153501],{"class":66},[44,154077,63],{"class":62},[44,154079,129],{"class":58},[30,154081,2301],{"id":2300},[981,154083,5643,154085,13182],{"id":154084},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,154086,149436],{},[20,154088,154089],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[981,154091,154093],{"id":154092},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,154095,154096,152963],{},[15,154097,149436],{},[981,154099,149415],{"id":149414},[20,154101,77100,154102,113],{},[15,154103,40937],{},[981,154105,154107],{"id":154106},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,154109,154110,154111,976,154113,154115],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,154112,36302],{},[15,154114,52899],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[981,154117,15359,154119,57445,154121,2363],{"id":154118},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,154120,149436],{},[15,154122,65107],{},[20,154124,154125],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[30,154127,2375],{"id":2374},[252,154129,154130,154136,154140,154145,154149],{},[255,154131,154132],{},[625,154133,149462,154134,11221],{"href":149514},[15,154135,57530],{},[255,154137,154138],{},[625,154139,149904],{"href":153330},[255,154141,154142],{},[625,154143,154144],{"href":151210},"Creating a tuple in Python",[255,154146,154147],{},[625,154148,66081],{"href":66080},[255,154150,154151],{},[625,154152,151158],{"href":152968},[2414,154154,154155],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392,"children":154162},[154163],{"id":17847,"depth":132,"text":17848},{"id":103621,"depth":102,"text":103622},{"id":153305,"depth":102,"text":153306},{"id":65871,"depth":102,"text":65872},{"id":65648,"depth":102,"text":66431,"children":154168},[154169],{"id":153657,"depth":132,"text":153658},{"id":153765,"depth":102,"text":153766},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335,"children":154172},[154173],{"id":60950,"depth":132,"text":60951},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":154175},[154176,154178,154179,154180,154181],{"id":154084,"depth":132,"text":154177},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":154092,"depth":132,"text":154093},{"id":149414,"depth":132,"text":149415},{"id":154106,"depth":132,"text":154107},{"id":154118,"depth":132,"text":154182},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152770,"description":154184},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154191,"title":154192,"body":154193,"description":155588,"extension":2465,"meta":155589,"navigation":169,"path":153330,"seo":155590,"stem":155591,"__hash__":155592},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154194,"toc":155570},[154195,154198,154201,154204,154218,154220,154223,154317,154327,154333,154337,154340,154343,154345,154363,154365,154436,154438,154455,154459,154463,154466,154483,154486,154501,154503,154594,154597,154601,154604,154621,154623,154718,154721,154724,154728,154731,154825,154827,154846,154849,154853,154856,154858,154913,154915,154950,154953,154967,154975,155068,155077,155081,155084,155091,155094,155141,155143,155151,155154,155205,155207,155224,155229,155233,155236,155239,155241,155292,155295,155350,155353,155356,155358,155361,155381,155383,155456,155459,155472,155474,155478,155483,155487,155492,155509,155513,155516,155533,155537,155540,155542,155567],[10,154196,154192],{"id":154197},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,154199,154200],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,154202,154203],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[252,154205,154206,154209,154212,154215],{},[255,154207,154208],{},"positive indexes",[255,154210,154211],{},"negative indexes",[255,154213,154214],{},"common indexing mistakes",[255,154216,154217],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[30,154219,33],{"id":32},[20,154221,154222],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[35,154224,154226],{"className":37,"code":154225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,154227,154228,154260,154264,154281,154298],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154229,154230,154232,154234,154236,154238,154240,154242,154244,154246,154248,154250,154252,154254,154256,154258],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154231,13539],{"class":50},[44,154233,55],{"class":54},[44,154235,9728],{"class":58},[44,154237,63],{"class":62},[44,154239,13556],{"class":66},[44,154241,63],{"class":62},[44,154243,83],{"class":58},[44,154245,75],{"class":62},[44,154247,17907],{"class":66},[44,154249,63],{"class":62},[44,154251,83],{"class":58},[44,154253,75],{"class":62},[44,154255,13573],{"class":66},[44,154257,63],{"class":62},[44,154259,129],{"class":58},[44,154261,154262],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154263,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,154265,154266,154268,154270,154272,154274,154276,154278],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,154267,136],{"class":135},[44,154269,120],{"class":58},[44,154271,17954],{"class":116},[44,154273,896],{"class":58},[44,154275,2626],{"class":95},[44,154277,20892],{"class":58},[44,154279,154280],{"class":147},"   # red\n",[44,154282,154283,154285,154287,154289,154291,154293,154295],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,154284,136],{"class":135},[44,154286,120],{"class":58},[44,154288,17954],{"class":116},[44,154290,896],{"class":58},[44,154292,1588],{"class":95},[44,154294,20892],{"class":58},[44,154296,154297],{"class":147},"   # green\n",[44,154299,154300,154302,154304,154306,154308,154310,154312,154314],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,154301,136],{"class":135},[44,154303,120],{"class":58},[44,154305,17954],{"class":116},[44,154307,896],{"class":58},[44,154309,2526],{"class":54},[44,154311,1588],{"class":95},[44,154313,20892],{"class":58},[44,154315,154316],{"class":147},"  # blue\n",[252,154318,154319,154324],{},[255,154320,132655,154321,154323],{},[15,154322,2626],{}," is the first item.",[255,154325,154326],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154328,154329,154330,113],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[625,154331,154332],{"href":148234},"how to create a tuple in Python",[30,154334,154336],{"id":154335},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154338,154339],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154341,154342],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154344,11935],{},[252,154346,154347,154350,154357,154360],{},[255,154348,154349],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[255,154351,154352,154353,19413,154355],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154354,2626],{},[15,154356,1588],{},[255,154358,154359],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[255,154361,154362],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154364,269],{},[35,154366,154368],{"className":37,"code":154367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154369,154370,154390,154394,154408,154422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154371,154372,154374,154376,154378,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154373,1551],{"class":50},[44,154375,55],{"class":54},[44,154377,9728],{"class":58},[44,154379,1559],{"class":95},[44,154381,83],{"class":58},[44,154383,646],{"class":95},[44,154385,83],{"class":58},[44,154387,1568],{"class":95},[44,154389,129],{"class":58},[44,154391,154392],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154393,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,154395,154396,154398,154400,154402,154404,154406],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,154397,136],{"class":135},[44,154399,120],{"class":58},[44,154401,1579],{"class":116},[44,154403,896],{"class":58},[44,154405,2626],{"class":95},[44,154407,4391],{"class":58},[44,154409,154410,154412,154414,154416,154418,154420],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,154411,136],{"class":135},[44,154413,120],{"class":58},[44,154415,1579],{"class":116},[44,154417,896],{"class":58},[44,154419,1588],{"class":95},[44,154421,4391],{"class":58},[44,154423,154424,154426,154428,154430,154432,154434],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,154425,136],{"class":135},[44,154427,120],{"class":58},[44,154429,1579],{"class":116},[44,154431,896],{"class":58},[44,154433,2561],{"class":95},[44,154435,4391],{"class":58},[20,154437,2576],{},[35,154439,154441],{"className":37,"code":154440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154442,154443,154447,154451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154444,154445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154446,2880],{"class":95},[44,154448,154449],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154450,71466],{"class":95},[44,154452,154453],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,154454,70082],{"class":95},[20,154456,59633,154457,113],{},[625,154458,148231],{"href":148230},[30,154460,154462],{"id":154461},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154464,154465],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[252,154467,154468,154473,154478],{},[255,154469,154470,154472],{},[15,154471,2626],{}," = first item",[255,154474,154475,154477],{},[15,154476,1588],{}," = second item",[255,154479,154480,154482],{},[15,154481,2561],{}," = third item",[20,154484,154485],{},"Pattern:",[35,154487,154489],{"className":37,"code":154488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154490,154491],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154492,154493,154495,154497,154499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154494,152986],{"class":50},[44,154496,896],{"class":58},[44,154498,36075],{"class":50},[44,154500,1153],{"class":58},[20,154502,269],{},[35,154504,154506],{"className":37,"code":154505,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154507,154508,154540,154544,154561,154577],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154509,154510,154512,154514,154516,154518,154520,154522,154524,154526,154528,154530,154532,154534,154536,154538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154511,36469],{"class":50},[44,154513,55],{"class":54},[44,154515,9728],{"class":58},[44,154517,63],{"class":62},[44,154519,4582],{"class":66},[44,154521,63],{"class":62},[44,154523,83],{"class":58},[44,154525,75],{"class":62},[44,154527,4591],{"class":66},[44,154529,63],{"class":62},[44,154531,83],{"class":58},[44,154533,75],{"class":62},[44,154535,4600],{"class":66},[44,154537,63],{"class":62},[44,154539,129],{"class":58},[44,154541,154542],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154543,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,154545,154546,154548,154550,154552,154554,154556,154558],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,154547,136],{"class":135},[44,154549,120],{"class":58},[44,154551,36521],{"class":116},[44,154553,896],{"class":58},[44,154555,2626],{"class":95},[44,154557,20892],{"class":58},[44,154559,154560],{"class":147},"  # apple\n",[44,154562,154563,154565,154567,154569,154571,154573,154575],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,154564,136],{"class":135},[44,154566,120],{"class":58},[44,154568,36521],{"class":116},[44,154570,896],{"class":58},[44,154572,1588],{"class":95},[44,154574,20892],{"class":58},[44,154576,51724],{"class":147},[44,154578,154579,154581,154583,154585,154587,154589,154591],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,154580,136],{"class":135},[44,154582,120],{"class":58},[44,154584,36521],{"class":116},[44,154586,896],{"class":58},[44,154588,2561],{"class":95},[44,154590,20892],{"class":58},[44,154592,154593],{"class":147},"  # cherry\n",[20,154595,154596],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[30,154598,154600],{"id":154599},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154602,154603],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[252,154605,154606,154611,154616],{},[255,154607,154608,154610],{},[15,154609,66096],{}," = last item",[255,154612,154613,154615],{},[15,154614,95652],{}," = second-to-last item",[255,154617,154618,154620],{},[15,154619,47907],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154622,269],{},[35,154624,154626],{"className":37,"code":154625,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154627,154628,154660,154664,154682,154700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154629,154630,154632,154634,154636,154638,154640,154642,154644,154646,154648,154650,154652,154654,154656,154658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154631,36469],{"class":50},[44,154633,55],{"class":54},[44,154635,9728],{"class":58},[44,154637,63],{"class":62},[44,154639,4582],{"class":66},[44,154641,63],{"class":62},[44,154643,83],{"class":58},[44,154645,75],{"class":62},[44,154647,4591],{"class":66},[44,154649,63],{"class":62},[44,154651,83],{"class":58},[44,154653,75],{"class":62},[44,154655,4600],{"class":66},[44,154657,63],{"class":62},[44,154659,129],{"class":58},[44,154661,154662],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154663,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,154665,154666,154668,154670,154672,154674,154676,154678,154680],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,154667,136],{"class":135},[44,154669,120],{"class":58},[44,154671,36521],{"class":116},[44,154673,896],{"class":58},[44,154675,2526],{"class":54},[44,154677,1588],{"class":95},[44,154679,20892],{"class":58},[44,154681,154593],{"class":147},[44,154683,154684,154686,154688,154690,154692,154694,154696,154698],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,154685,136],{"class":135},[44,154687,120],{"class":58},[44,154689,36521],{"class":116},[44,154691,896],{"class":58},[44,154693,2526],{"class":54},[44,154695,2561],{"class":95},[44,154697,20892],{"class":58},[44,154699,51724],{"class":147},[44,154701,154702,154704,154706,154708,154710,154712,154714,154716],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,154703,136],{"class":135},[44,154705,120],{"class":58},[44,154707,36521],{"class":116},[44,154709,896],{"class":58},[44,154711,2526],{"class":54},[44,154713,2567],{"class":95},[44,154715,20892],{"class":58},[44,154717,154560],{"class":147},[20,154719,154720],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154722,154723],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[30,154725,154727],{"id":154726},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154729,154730],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[35,154732,154734],{"className":37,"code":154733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154735,154736,154768,154772,154789,154806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154737,154738,154740,154742,154744,154746,154748,154750,154752,154754,154756,154758,154760,154762,154764,154766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154739,5496],{"class":50},[44,154741,55],{"class":54},[44,154743,9728],{"class":58},[44,154745,63],{"class":62},[44,154747,78],{"class":66},[44,154749,63],{"class":62},[44,154751,83],{"class":58},[44,154753,75],{"class":62},[44,154755,36170],{"class":66},[44,154757,63],{"class":62},[44,154759,83],{"class":58},[44,154761,75],{"class":62},[44,154763,36179],{"class":66},[44,154765,63],{"class":62},[44,154767,129],{"class":58},[44,154769,154770],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154771,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,154773,154774,154776,154778,154780,154782,154784,154786],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,154775,136],{"class":135},[44,154777,120],{"class":58},[44,154779,5540],{"class":116},[44,154781,896],{"class":58},[44,154783,2626],{"class":95},[44,154785,20892],{"class":58},[44,154787,154788],{"class":147},"   # first item\n",[44,154790,154791,154793,154795,154797,154799,154801,154803],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,154792,136],{"class":135},[44,154794,120],{"class":58},[44,154796,5540],{"class":116},[44,154798,896],{"class":58},[44,154800,1588],{"class":95},[44,154802,20892],{"class":58},[44,154804,154805],{"class":147},"   # middle item\n",[44,154807,154808,154810,154812,154814,154816,154818,154820,154822],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,154809,136],{"class":135},[44,154811,120],{"class":58},[44,154813,5540],{"class":116},[44,154815,896],{"class":58},[44,154817,2526],{"class":54},[44,154819,1588],{"class":95},[44,154821,20892],{"class":58},[44,154823,154824],{"class":147},"  # last item\n",[20,154826,2576],{},[35,154828,154830],{"className":37,"code":154829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154831,154832,154836,154841],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154833,154834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154835,50277],{"class":50},[44,154837,154838],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154839,154840],{"class":50},"Ben\n",[44,154842,154843],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,154844,154845],{"class":50},"Cara\n",[20,154847,154848],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[30,154850,154852],{"id":154851},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154854,154855],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154857,269],{},[35,154859,154861],{"className":37,"code":154860,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154862,154863,154895,154899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154864,154865,154867,154869,154871,154873,154875,154877,154879,154881,154883,154885,154887,154889,154891,154893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154866,36320],{"class":50},[44,154868,55],{"class":54},[44,154870,9728],{"class":58},[44,154872,63],{"class":62},[44,154874,625],{"class":66},[44,154876,63],{"class":62},[44,154878,83],{"class":58},[44,154880,75],{"class":62},[44,154882,639],{"class":66},[44,154884,63],{"class":62},[44,154886,83],{"class":58},[44,154888,75],{"class":62},[44,154890,696],{"class":66},[44,154892,63],{"class":62},[44,154894,129],{"class":58},[44,154896,154897],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154898,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,154900,154901,154903,154905,154907,154909,154911],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,154902,136],{"class":135},[44,154904,120],{"class":58},[44,154906,36373],{"class":116},[44,154908,896],{"class":58},[44,154910,2643],{"class":95},[44,154912,4391],{"class":58},[20,154914,2576],{},[35,154916,154918],{"className":37,"code":154917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154919,154920,154932,154937],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154921,154922,154925,154927,154930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154923,154924],{"class":116},"Traceback ",[44,154926,120],{"class":58},[44,154928,154929],{"class":116},"most recent call last",[44,154931,8837],{"class":58},[44,154933,154934],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154935,154936],{"class":34680},"  ...\n",[44,154938,154939,154941,154943,154945,154948],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,154940,70973],{"class":2248},[44,154942,72],{"class":58},[44,154944,149597],{"class":2248},[44,154946,154947],{"class":50}," index out of ",[44,154949,71165],{"class":135},[20,154951,154952],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[252,154954,154955,154959,154963],{},[255,154956,154957],{},[15,154958,2626],{},[255,154960,154961],{},[15,154962,1588],{},[255,154964,154965],{},[15,154966,2561],{},[20,154968,154969,154970,113],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[625,154971,154972,154974],{"href":149469},[15,154973,42595],{}," on a tuple",[35,154976,154978],{"className":37,"code":154977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154979,154980,155012,155016,155032,155036,155054],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154981,154982,154984,154986,154988,154990,154992,154994,154996,154998,155000,155002,155004,155006,155008,155010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154983,36320],{"class":50},[44,154985,55],{"class":54},[44,154987,9728],{"class":58},[44,154989,63],{"class":62},[44,154991,625],{"class":66},[44,154993,63],{"class":62},[44,154995,83],{"class":58},[44,154997,75],{"class":62},[44,154999,639],{"class":66},[44,155001,63],{"class":62},[44,155003,83],{"class":58},[44,155005,75],{"class":62},[44,155007,696],{"class":66},[44,155009,63],{"class":62},[44,155011,129],{"class":58},[44,155013,155014],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155015,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,155017,155018,155020,155022,155024,155026,155028,155030],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,155019,136],{"class":135},[44,155021,120],{"class":58},[44,155023,11641],{"class":135},[44,155025,120],{"class":58},[44,155027,36373],{"class":116},[44,155029,532],{"class":58},[44,155031,51008],{"class":147},[44,155033,155034],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,155035,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,155037,155038,155040,155042,155044,155046,155048,155050,155052],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,155039,1345],{"class":1140},[44,155041,38618],{"class":135},[44,155043,120],{"class":58},[44,155045,36373],{"class":116},[44,155047,144],{"class":58},[44,155049,38628],{"class":54},[44,155051,1717],{"class":95},[44,155053,1359],{"class":58},[44,155055,155056,155058,155060,155062,155064,155066],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,155057,1387],{"class":135},[44,155059,120],{"class":58},[44,155061,36373],{"class":116},[44,155063,896],{"class":58},[44,155065,2561],{"class":95},[44,155067,4391],{"class":58},[20,155069,155070,155071,113],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[625,155072,26116,155074],{"href":155073},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,155075,155076],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[30,155078,155080],{"id":155079},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,155082,155083],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[252,155085,155086,155088],{},[255,155087,77117],{},[255,155089,155090],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,155092,155093],{},"Indexing example:",[35,155095,155097],{"className":37,"code":155096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,155098,155099,155123,155127],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155100,155101,155103,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115,155117,155119,155121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155102,1551],{"class":50},[44,155104,55],{"class":54},[44,155106,9728],{"class":58},[44,155108,1559],{"class":95},[44,155110,83],{"class":58},[44,155112,646],{"class":95},[44,155114,83],{"class":58},[44,155116,1568],{"class":95},[44,155118,83],{"class":58},[44,155120,51081],{"class":95},[44,155122,129],{"class":58},[44,155124,155125],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155126,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,155128,155129,155131,155133,155135,155137,155139],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,155130,136],{"class":135},[44,155132,120],{"class":58},[44,155134,1579],{"class":116},[44,155136,896],{"class":58},[44,155138,1588],{"class":95},[44,155140,4391],{"class":58},[20,155142,2576],{},[35,155144,155145],{"className":37,"code":71466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155146,155147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155148,155149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155150,71466],{"class":95},[20,155152,155153],{},"Slicing example:",[35,155155,155157],{"className":37,"code":155156,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,155158,155159,155183,155187],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155160,155161,155163,155165,155167,155169,155171,155173,155175,155177,155179,155181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155162,1551],{"class":50},[44,155164,55],{"class":54},[44,155166,9728],{"class":58},[44,155168,1559],{"class":95},[44,155170,83],{"class":58},[44,155172,646],{"class":95},[44,155174,83],{"class":58},[44,155176,1568],{"class":95},[44,155178,83],{"class":58},[44,155180,51081],{"class":95},[44,155182,129],{"class":58},[44,155184,155185],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155186,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,155188,155189,155191,155193,155195,155197,155199,155201,155203],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,155190,136],{"class":135},[44,155192,120],{"class":58},[44,155194,1579],{"class":116},[44,155196,896],{"class":58},[44,155198,1588],{"class":95},[44,155200,72],{"class":58},[44,155202,2567],{"class":95},[44,155204,4391],{"class":58},[20,155206,2576],{},[35,155208,155210],{"className":37,"code":155209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30)\n",[15,155211,155212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155213,155214,155216,155218,155220,155222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155215,120],{"class":58},[44,155217,16210],{"class":95},[44,155219,83],{"class":58},[44,155221,1568],{"class":95},[44,155223,129],{"class":58},[20,155225,155226,155227,113],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[625,155228,151148],{"href":151147},[30,155230,155232],{"id":155231},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,155234,155235],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,155237,155238],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,155240,7185],{},[35,155242,155244],{"className":37,"code":155243,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,155245,155246,155278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155247,155248,155250,155252,155254,155256,155258,155260,155262,155264,155266,155268,155270,155272,155274,155276],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155249,13539],{"class":50},[44,155251,55],{"class":54},[44,155253,9728],{"class":58},[44,155255,63],{"class":62},[44,155257,13556],{"class":66},[44,155259,63],{"class":62},[44,155261,83],{"class":58},[44,155263,75],{"class":62},[44,155265,17907],{"class":66},[44,155267,63],{"class":62},[44,155269,83],{"class":58},[44,155271,75],{"class":62},[44,155273,13573],{"class":66},[44,155275,63],{"class":62},[44,155277,129],{"class":58},[44,155279,155280,155282,155284,155286,155288,155290],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155281,136],{"class":135},[44,155283,120],{"class":58},[44,155285,17954],{"class":116},[44,155287,896],{"class":58},[44,155289,1588],{"class":95},[44,155291,4391],{"class":58},[20,155293,155294],{},"But this does not work:",[35,155296,155298],{"className":37,"code":155297,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155299,155300,155332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155301,155302,155304,155306,155308,155310,155312,155314,155316,155318,155320,155322,155324,155326,155328,155330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155303,13539],{"class":50},[44,155305,55],{"class":54},[44,155307,9728],{"class":58},[44,155309,63],{"class":62},[44,155311,13556],{"class":66},[44,155313,63],{"class":62},[44,155315,83],{"class":58},[44,155317,75],{"class":62},[44,155319,17907],{"class":66},[44,155321,63],{"class":62},[44,155323,83],{"class":58},[44,155325,75],{"class":62},[44,155327,13573],{"class":66},[44,155329,63],{"class":62},[44,155331,129],{"class":58},[44,155333,155334,155336,155338,155340,155342,155344,155346,155348],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155335,17954],{"class":50},[44,155337,896],{"class":58},[44,155339,1588],{"class":95},[44,155341,905],{"class":58},[44,155343,13736],{"class":54},[44,155345,75],{"class":62},[44,155347,22962],{"class":66},[44,155349,3865],{"class":62},[20,155351,155352],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155354,155355],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[30,155357,3335],{"id":3334},[20,155359,155360],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[252,155362,155363,155369,155372,155375],{},[255,155364,132959,155365,2037,155367],{},[15,155366,1588],{},[15,155368,2626],{},[255,155370,155371],{},"Using an index that is too large",[255,155373,155374],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[255,155376,155377,155378],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155379,155380],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155382,62536],{},[35,155384,155386],{"className":37,"code":155385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155387,155388,155398,155412,155426,155442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155389,155390,155392,155394,155396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155391,136],{"class":135},[44,155393,120],{"class":58},[44,155395,148249],{"class":116},[44,155397,129],{"class":58},[44,155399,155400,155402,155404,155406,155408,155410],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155401,136],{"class":135},[44,155403,120],{"class":58},[44,155405,11641],{"class":135},[44,155407,120],{"class":58},[44,155409,148249],{"class":116},[44,155411,2239],{"class":58},[44,155413,155414,155416,155418,155420,155422,155424],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,155415,136],{"class":135},[44,155417,120],{"class":58},[44,155419,148249],{"class":116},[44,155421,896],{"class":58},[44,155423,2626],{"class":95},[44,155425,4391],{"class":58},[44,155427,155428,155430,155432,155434,155436,155438,155440],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,155429,136],{"class":135},[44,155431,120],{"class":58},[44,155433,148249],{"class":116},[44,155435,896],{"class":58},[44,155437,2526],{"class":54},[44,155439,1588],{"class":95},[44,155441,4391],{"class":58},[44,155443,155444,155446,155448,155450,155452,155454],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,155445,136],{"class":135},[44,155447,120],{"class":58},[44,155449,2249],{"class":2248},[44,155451,120],{"class":58},[44,155453,148249],{"class":116},[44,155455,2239],{"class":58},[20,155457,155458],{},"These can help you confirm:",[252,155460,155461,155464,155466,155469],{},[255,155462,155463],{},"what the tuple contains",[255,155465,61025],{},[255,155467,155468],{},"what the first and last items are",[255,155470,155471],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[30,155473,2301],{"id":2300},[981,155475,155477],{"id":155476},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155479,155480,155481,113],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155482,2626],{},[981,155484,155486],{"id":155485},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155488,227,155489,155491],{},[15,155490,66096],{}," as the index:",[35,155493,155495],{"className":37,"code":155494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155496,155497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155498,155499,155501,155503,155505,155507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155500,148249],{"class":50},[44,155502,896],{"class":58},[44,155504,2526],{"class":54},[44,155506,1588],{"class":95},[44,155508,1153],{"class":58},[981,155510,155512],{"id":155511},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155514,155515],{},"Python raises:",[35,155517,155519],{"className":37,"code":155518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155520,155521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155522,155523,155525,155527,155529,155531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155524,70973],{"class":2248},[44,155526,72],{"class":58},[44,155528,149597],{"class":2248},[44,155530,154947],{"class":50},[44,155532,71165],{"class":135},[981,155534,155536],{"id":155535},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155538,155539],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[30,155541,2375],{"id":2374},[252,155543,155544,155549,155553,155557,155563],{},[255,155545,155546],{},[625,155547,155548],{"href":148234},"How to create a tuple in Python",[255,155550,155551],{},[625,155552,151148],{"href":151147},[255,155554,155555],{},[625,155556,151153],{"href":149469},[255,155558,155559],{},[625,155560,26558,155561],{"href":155073},[15,155562,155076],{},[255,155564,155565],{},[625,155566,148231],{"href":148230},[2414,155568,155569],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":155571},[155572,155573,155574,155575,155576,155577,155578,155579,155580,155581,155587],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":154335,"depth":102,"text":154336},{"id":154461,"depth":102,"text":154462},{"id":154599,"depth":102,"text":154600},{"id":154726,"depth":102,"text":154727},{"id":154851,"depth":102,"text":154852},{"id":155079,"depth":102,"text":155080},{"id":155231,"depth":102,"text":155232},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":155582},[155583,155584,155585,155586],{"id":155476,"depth":132,"text":155477},{"id":155485,"depth":132,"text":155486},{"id":155511,"depth":132,"text":155512},{"id":155535,"depth":132,"text":155536},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154192,"description":155588},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155594,"title":155595,"body":155596,"description":157485,"extension":2465,"meta":157486,"navigation":169,"path":157487,"seo":157488,"stem":157489,"__hash__":157490},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155597,"toc":157442},[155598,155604,155609,155660,155664,155672,155678,155680,155696,155698,155701,155716,155718,155731,155733,155790,155794,155802,155809,155815,155821,155825,155876,155880,155888,155892,155921,155925,155933,155937,155970,155974,155982,155986,155989,156040,156044,156052,156054,156071,156075,156079,156138,156142,156150,156153,156180,156184,156192,156196,156202,156277,156281,156318,156326,156330,156393,156397,156405,156410,156414,156420,156463,156467,156475,156481,156484,156531,156535,156543,156552,156558,156613,156617,156625,156628,156632,156634,156665,156669,156688,156691,156736,156740,156763,156769,156774,156776,156823,156828,156831,156879,156883,156891,156895,156900,156904,156954,156958,156973,156977,157035,157039,157054,157058,157129,157133,157142,157146,157225,157229,157251,157259,157261,157264,157289,157291,157344,157346,157363,157365,157369,157375,157380,157385,157389,157394,157398,157403,157409,157412,157414,157439],[10,155599,155601,155602,144],{"id":155600},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155603,11641],{},[20,155605,227,155606,155608],{},[15,155607,42595],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[35,155610,155612],{"className":37,"code":155611,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155613,155614,155646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155615,155616,155618,155620,155622,155624,155626,155628,155630,155632,155634,155636,155638,155640,155642,155644],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155617,13539],{"class":50},[44,155619,55],{"class":54},[44,155621,9728],{"class":58},[44,155623,63],{"class":62},[44,155625,13556],{"class":66},[44,155627,63],{"class":62},[44,155629,83],{"class":58},[44,155631,75],{"class":62},[44,155633,17907],{"class":66},[44,155635,63],{"class":62},[44,155637,83],{"class":58},[44,155639,75],{"class":62},[44,155641,13573],{"class":66},[44,155643,63],{"class":62},[44,155645,129],{"class":58},[44,155647,155648,155650,155652,155654,155656,155658],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155649,136],{"class":135},[44,155651,120],{"class":58},[44,155653,11641],{"class":135},[44,155655,120],{"class":58},[44,155657,17954],{"class":116},[44,155659,2239],{"class":58},[20,155661,155662],{},[590,155663,2576],{},[35,155665,155666],{"className":37,"code":46853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155667,155668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155669,155670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155671,46853],{"class":95},[20,155673,227,155674,155677],{},[15,155675,155676],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[30,155679,15619],{"id":15618},[252,155681,155682,155687,155691,155694],{},[255,155683,4702,155684,155686],{},[15,155685,42595],{}," works with tuples",[255,155688,68500,155689,12180],{},[15,155690,42595],{},[255,155692,155693],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[255,155695,1526],{},[30,155697,392],{"id":391},[20,155699,155700],{},"Use this pattern:",[35,155702,155704],{"className":37,"code":155703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155705,155706],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155707,155708,155710,155712,155714],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155709,11641],{"class":135},[44,155711,120],{"class":58},[44,155713,148249],{"class":116},[44,155715,129],{"class":58},[20,155717,11935],{},[252,155719,155720,155723,155726],{},[255,155721,155722],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[255,155724,155725],{},"The result is an integer",[255,155727,155728,155730],{},[15,155729,42595],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155732,269],{},[35,155734,155736],{"className":37,"code":155735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155737,155738,155762,155776,155780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155739,155740,155742,155744,155746,155748,155750,155752,155754,155756,155758,155760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155741,1551],{"class":50},[44,155743,55],{"class":54},[44,155745,9728],{"class":58},[44,155747,1559],{"class":95},[44,155749,83],{"class":58},[44,155751,646],{"class":95},[44,155753,83],{"class":58},[44,155755,1568],{"class":95},[44,155757,83],{"class":58},[44,155759,51081],{"class":95},[44,155761,129],{"class":58},[44,155763,155764,155766,155768,155770,155772,155774],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155765,41475],{"class":50},[44,155767,55],{"class":54},[44,155769,38618],{"class":135},[44,155771,120],{"class":58},[44,155773,1579],{"class":116},[44,155775,129],{"class":58},[44,155777,155778],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,155779,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,155781,155782,155784,155786,155788],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,155783,136],{"class":135},[44,155785,120],{"class":58},[44,155787,41493],{"class":116},[44,155789,129],{"class":58},[20,155791,155792],{},[590,155793,2576],{},[35,155795,155796],{"className":37,"code":48887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155797,155798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155799,155800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155801,48887],{"class":95},[20,155803,155804,155805,113],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[625,155806,4083,155807,4016],{"href":42592},[15,155808,42595],{},[30,155810,243,155812,155814],{"id":155811},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155813,42595],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155816,155817,155818,155820],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155819,42595],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[981,155822,155824],{"id":155823},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[35,155826,155828],{"className":37,"code":155827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155829,155830,155862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155831,155832,155834,155836,155838,155840,155842,155844,155846,155848,155850,155852,155854,155856,155858,155860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155833,36469],{"class":50},[44,155835,55],{"class":54},[44,155837,9728],{"class":58},[44,155839,63],{"class":62},[44,155841,4582],{"class":66},[44,155843,63],{"class":62},[44,155845,83],{"class":58},[44,155847,75],{"class":62},[44,155849,4591],{"class":66},[44,155851,63],{"class":62},[44,155853,83],{"class":58},[44,155855,75],{"class":62},[44,155857,33447],{"class":66},[44,155859,63],{"class":62},[44,155861,129],{"class":58},[44,155863,155864,155866,155868,155870,155872,155874],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155865,136],{"class":135},[44,155867,120],{"class":58},[44,155869,11641],{"class":135},[44,155871,120],{"class":58},[44,155873,36521],{"class":116},[44,155875,2239],{"class":58},[20,155877,155878],{},[590,155879,2576],{},[35,155881,155882],{"className":37,"code":46853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155883,155884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155885,155886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155887,46853],{"class":95},[981,155889,155891],{"id":155890},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[35,155893,155895],{"className":37,"code":155894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155896,155897,155906],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155898,155899,155902,155904],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155900,155901],{"class":50},"empty_tuple ",[44,155903,55],{"class":54},[44,155905,149573],{"class":58},[44,155907,155908,155910,155912,155914,155916,155919],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155909,136],{"class":135},[44,155911,120],{"class":58},[44,155913,11641],{"class":135},[44,155915,120],{"class":58},[44,155917,155918],{"class":116},"empty_tuple",[44,155920,2239],{"class":58},[20,155922,155923],{},[590,155924,2576],{},[35,155926,155927],{"className":37,"code":47488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155928,155929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155930,155931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155932,47488],{"class":95},[981,155934,155936],{"id":155935},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[35,155938,155940],{"className":37,"code":155939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155941,155942,155955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155943,155944,155947,155949,155951,155953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155945,155946],{"class":50},"single_value ",[44,155948,55],{"class":54},[44,155950,9728],{"class":58},[44,155952,2643],{"class":95},[44,155954,149587],{"class":58},[44,155956,155957,155959,155961,155963,155965,155968],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155958,136],{"class":135},[44,155960,120],{"class":58},[44,155962,11641],{"class":135},[44,155964,120],{"class":58},[44,155966,155967],{"class":116},"single_value",[44,155969,2239],{"class":58},[20,155971,155972],{},[590,155973,2576],{},[35,155975,155976],{"className":37,"code":47153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155977,155978],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155979,155980],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155981,47153],{"class":95},[981,155983,155985],{"id":155984},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155987,155988],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[35,155990,155992],{"className":37,"code":155991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155993,155994,156026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155995,155996,155998,156000,156002,156004,156006,156008,156010,156012,156014,156016,156018,156020,156022,156024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155997,616],{"class":50},[44,155999,55],{"class":54},[44,156001,9728],{"class":58},[44,156003,1588],{"class":95},[44,156005,83],{"class":58},[44,156007,9728],{"class":58},[44,156009,2561],{"class":95},[44,156011,83],{"class":58},[44,156013,2955],{"class":95},[44,156015,9725],{"class":58},[44,156017,1556],{"class":58},[44,156019,3008],{"class":95},[44,156021,83],{"class":58},[44,156023,5108],{"class":95},[44,156025,4391],{"class":58},[44,156027,156028,156030,156032,156034,156036,156038],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156029,136],{"class":135},[44,156031,120],{"class":58},[44,156033,11641],{"class":135},[44,156035,120],{"class":58},[44,156037,750],{"class":116},[44,156039,2239],{"class":58},[20,156041,156042],{},[590,156043,2576],{},[35,156045,156046],{"className":37,"code":46853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156047,156048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156049,156050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156051,46853],{"class":95},[20,156053,20403],{},[252,156055,156056,156061,156066],{},[255,156057,156058,156060],{},[15,156059,1588],{}," is one item",[255,156062,156063,156060],{},[15,156064,156065],{},"(2, 3)",[255,156067,156068,156060],{},[15,156069,156070],{},"[4, 5]",[30,156072,156074],{"id":156073},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[981,156076,156078],{"id":156077},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[35,156080,156082],{"className":37,"code":156081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,156083,156084,156124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156085,156086,156088,156090,156092,156094,156096,156098,156100,156102,156104,156106,156108,156110,156112,156114,156116,156118,156120,156122],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156087,13539],{"class":50},[44,156089,55],{"class":54},[44,156091,9728],{"class":58},[44,156093,63],{"class":62},[44,156095,13556],{"class":66},[44,156097,63],{"class":62},[44,156099,83],{"class":58},[44,156101,75],{"class":62},[44,156103,17907],{"class":66},[44,156105,63],{"class":62},[44,156107,83],{"class":58},[44,156109,75],{"class":62},[44,156111,13573],{"class":66},[44,156113,63],{"class":62},[44,156115,83],{"class":58},[44,156117,75],{"class":62},[44,156119,22962],{"class":66},[44,156121,63],{"class":62},[44,156123,129],{"class":58},[44,156125,156126,156128,156130,156132,156134,156136],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156127,136],{"class":135},[44,156129,120],{"class":58},[44,156131,11641],{"class":135},[44,156133,120],{"class":58},[44,156135,17954],{"class":116},[44,156137,2239],{"class":58},[20,156139,156140],{},[590,156141,2576],{},[35,156143,156144],{"className":37,"code":48887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156145,156146],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156147,156148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156149,48887],{"class":95},[981,156151,155891],{"id":156152},"empty-tuple-1",[35,156154,156156],{"className":37,"code":156155,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,156157,156158,156166],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156159,156160,156162,156164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156161,8276],{"class":50},[44,156163,55],{"class":54},[44,156165,149573],{"class":58},[44,156167,156168,156170,156172,156174,156176,156178],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156169,136],{"class":135},[44,156171,120],{"class":58},[44,156173,11641],{"class":135},[44,156175,120],{"class":58},[44,156177,8305],{"class":116},[44,156179,2239],{"class":58},[20,156181,156182],{},[590,156183,2576],{},[35,156185,156186],{"className":37,"code":47488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156187,156188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156189,156190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156191,47488],{"class":95},[981,156193,156195],{"id":156194},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,156197,156198,156199,156201],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[590,156200,592],{}," always a tuple.",[35,156203,156205],{"className":37,"code":156204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,156206,156207,156219,156231,156235,156249,156263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156208,156209,156211,156213,156215,156217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156210,3058],{"class":50},[44,156212,55],{"class":54},[44,156214,9728],{"class":58},[44,156216,2643],{"class":95},[44,156218,129],{"class":58},[44,156220,156221,156223,156225,156227,156229],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156222,3086],{"class":50},[44,156224,55],{"class":54},[44,156226,9728],{"class":58},[44,156228,2643],{"class":95},[44,156230,149587],{"class":58},[44,156232,156233],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,156234,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,156236,156237,156239,156241,156243,156245,156247],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,156238,136],{"class":135},[44,156240,120],{"class":58},[44,156242,2249],{"class":2248},[44,156244,120],{"class":58},[44,156246,625],{"class":116},[44,156248,2239],{"class":58},[44,156250,156251,156253,156255,156257,156259,156261],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,156252,136],{"class":135},[44,156254,120],{"class":58},[44,156256,2249],{"class":2248},[44,156258,120],{"class":58},[44,156260,639],{"class":116},[44,156262,2239],{"class":58},[44,156264,156265,156267,156269,156271,156273,156275],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,156266,136],{"class":135},[44,156268,120],{"class":58},[44,156270,11641],{"class":135},[44,156272,120],{"class":58},[44,156274,639],{"class":116},[44,156276,2239],{"class":58},[20,156278,156279],{},[590,156280,2576],{},[35,156282,156284],{"className":37,"code":156283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156285,156286,156300,156314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156287,156288,156290,156292,156294,156296,156298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156289,3797],{"class":54},[44,156291,3800],{"class":2570},[44,156293,2232],{"class":62},[44,156295,2694],{"class":66},[44,156297,2197],{"class":62},[44,156299,3809],{"class":54},[44,156301,156302,156304,156306,156308,156310,156312],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156303,3797],{"class":54},[44,156305,3800],{"class":2570},[44,156307,2232],{"class":62},[44,156309,49190],{"class":66},[44,156311,2197],{"class":62},[44,156313,3809],{"class":54},[44,156315,156316],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,156317,47153],{"class":95},[20,156319,156320,156321,976,156324,113],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[625,156322,156323],{"href":148234},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[625,156325,149535],{"href":149534},[981,156327,156329],{"id":156328},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[35,156331,156333],{"className":37,"code":156332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156334,156335,156379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156336,156337,156339,156341,156343,156345,156347,156349,156351,156353,156355,156357,156359,156361,156363,156365,156367,156369,156371,156373,156375,156377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156338,59713],{"class":50},[44,156340,55],{"class":54},[44,156342,9728],{"class":58},[44,156344,63],{"class":62},[44,156346,4582],{"class":66},[44,156348,63],{"class":62},[44,156350,83],{"class":58},[44,156352,1556],{"class":58},[44,156354,1588],{"class":95},[44,156356,83],{"class":58},[44,156358,1717],{"class":95},[44,156360,18514],{"class":58},[44,156362,9728],{"class":58},[44,156364,63],{"class":62},[44,156366,1696],{"class":66},[44,156368,63],{"class":62},[44,156370,83],{"class":58},[44,156372,75],{"class":62},[44,156374,1710],{"class":66},[44,156376,63],{"class":62},[44,156378,2239],{"class":58},[44,156380,156381,156383,156385,156387,156389,156391],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156382,136],{"class":135},[44,156384,120],{"class":58},[44,156386,11641],{"class":135},[44,156388,120],{"class":58},[44,156390,59766],{"class":116},[44,156392,2239],{"class":58},[20,156394,156395],{},[590,156396,2576],{},[35,156398,156399],{"className":37,"code":46853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156400,156401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156402,156403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156404,46853],{"class":95},[20,156406,156407,156409],{},[15,156408,42595],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[30,156411,156413],{"id":156412},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[981,156415,156417,156419],{"id":156416},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156418,42595],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[35,156421,156423],{"className":37,"code":156422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156424,156425,156449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156426,156427,156429,156431,156433,156435,156437,156439,156441,156443,156445,156447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156428,4573],{"class":50},[44,156430,55],{"class":54},[44,156432,9728],{"class":58},[44,156434,63],{"class":62},[44,156436,63837],{"class":66},[44,156438,63],{"class":62},[44,156440,83],{"class":58},[44,156442,75],{"class":62},[44,156444,39],{"class":66},[44,156446,63],{"class":62},[44,156448,129],{"class":58},[44,156450,156451,156453,156455,156457,156459,156461],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156452,136],{"class":135},[44,156454,120],{"class":58},[44,156456,11641],{"class":135},[44,156458,120],{"class":58},[44,156460,4617],{"class":116},[44,156462,2239],{"class":58},[20,156464,156465],{},[590,156466,2576],{},[35,156468,156469],{"className":37,"code":17510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156470,156471],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156472,156473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156474,17510],{"class":95},[20,156476,156477,156478,156480],{},"This result is ",[15,156479,2561],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156482,156483],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[35,156485,156487],{"className":37,"code":156486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156488,156489,156513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156490,156491,156493,156495,156497,156499,156501,156503,156505,156507,156509,156511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156492,4573],{"class":50},[44,156494,55],{"class":54},[44,156496,9728],{"class":58},[44,156498,63],{"class":62},[44,156500,63837],{"class":66},[44,156502,63],{"class":62},[44,156504,83],{"class":58},[44,156506,75],{"class":62},[44,156508,39],{"class":66},[44,156510,63],{"class":62},[44,156512,129],{"class":58},[44,156514,156515,156517,156519,156521,156523,156525,156527,156529],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156516,136],{"class":135},[44,156518,120],{"class":58},[44,156520,11641],{"class":135},[44,156522,120],{"class":58},[44,156524,4617],{"class":116},[44,156526,896],{"class":58},[44,156528,2626],{"class":95},[44,156530,3505],{"class":58},[20,156532,156533],{},[590,156534,2576],{},[35,156536,156537],{"className":37,"code":17510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156538,156539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156540,156541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156542,17510],{"class":95},[20,156544,381,156545,156548,156549,113],{},[15,156546,156547],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156550,156551],{},"\"hi\"",[981,156553,156555,156557],{"id":156554},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156556,42595],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[35,156559,156561],{"className":37,"code":156560,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156562,156563,156599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156564,156565,156567,156569,156571,156573,156575,156577,156579,156581,156583,156585,156587,156589,156591,156593,156595,156597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156566,4327],{"class":50},[44,156568,55],{"class":54},[44,156570,10482],{"class":58},[44,156572,1588],{"class":95},[44,156574,83],{"class":58},[44,156576,1717],{"class":95},[44,156578,9725],{"class":58},[44,156580,9728],{"class":58},[44,156582,2567],{"class":95},[44,156584,83],{"class":58},[44,156586,2961],{"class":95},[44,156588,9725],{"class":58},[44,156590,9728],{"class":58},[44,156592,2643],{"class":95},[44,156594,83],{"class":58},[44,156596,37875],{"class":95},[44,156598,2239],{"class":58},[44,156600,156601,156603,156605,156607,156609,156611],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156602,136],{"class":135},[44,156604,120],{"class":58},[44,156606,11641],{"class":135},[44,156608,120],{"class":58},[44,156610,5860],{"class":116},[44,156612,2239],{"class":58},[20,156614,156615],{},[590,156616,2576],{},[35,156618,156619],{"className":37,"code":46853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156620,156621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156622,156623],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156624,46853],{"class":95},[20,156626,156627],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[981,156629,156631],{"id":156630},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156633,26127],{},[35,156635,156637],{"className":37,"code":156636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156638,156639,156651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156640,156641,156643,156645,156647,156649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156642,1244],{"class":50},[44,156644,55],{"class":54},[44,156646,9728],{"class":58},[44,156648,1559],{"class":95},[44,156650,129],{"class":58},[44,156652,156653,156655,156657,156659,156661,156663],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156654,136],{"class":135},[44,156656,120],{"class":58},[44,156658,2249],{"class":2248},[44,156660,120],{"class":58},[44,156662,1282],{"class":116},[44,156664,2239],{"class":58},[20,156666,156667],{},[590,156668,2576],{},[35,156670,156672],{"className":37,"code":156671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156673,156674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156675,156676,156678,156680,156682,156684,156686],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156677,3797],{"class":54},[44,156679,3800],{"class":2570},[44,156681,2232],{"class":62},[44,156683,2694],{"class":66},[44,156685,2197],{"class":62},[44,156687,3809],{"class":54},[20,156689,156690],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[35,156692,156694],{"className":37,"code":156693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156695,156696,156708,156722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156697,156698,156700,156702,156704,156706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156699,1244],{"class":50},[44,156701,55],{"class":54},[44,156703,9728],{"class":58},[44,156705,1559],{"class":95},[44,156707,149587],{"class":58},[44,156709,156710,156712,156714,156716,156718,156720],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156711,136],{"class":135},[44,156713,120],{"class":58},[44,156715,2249],{"class":2248},[44,156717,120],{"class":58},[44,156719,1282],{"class":116},[44,156721,2239],{"class":58},[44,156723,156724,156726,156728,156730,156732,156734],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,156725,136],{"class":135},[44,156727,120],{"class":58},[44,156729,11641],{"class":135},[44,156731,120],{"class":58},[44,156733,1282],{"class":116},[44,156735,2239],{"class":58},[20,156737,156738],{},[590,156739,2576],{},[35,156741,156743],{"className":37,"code":156742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156744,156745,156759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156746,156747,156749,156751,156753,156755,156757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156748,3797],{"class":54},[44,156750,3800],{"class":2570},[44,156752,2232],{"class":62},[44,156754,49190],{"class":66},[44,156756,2197],{"class":62},[44,156758,3809],{"class":54},[44,156760,156761],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156762,47153],{"class":95},[981,156764,156766,156768],{"id":156765},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156767,11641],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156770,44664,156771,156773],{},[15,156772,11641],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156775,44695],{},[35,156777,156779],{"className":37,"code":156778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156780,156781,156789,156809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156782,156783,156785,156787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156784,11641],{"class":135},[44,156786,13736],{"class":54},[44,156788,3091],{"class":95},[44,156790,156791,156793,156795,156797,156799,156801,156803,156805,156807],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156792,1551],{"class":50},[44,156794,55],{"class":54},[44,156796,9728],{"class":58},[44,156798,1588],{"class":95},[44,156800,83],{"class":58},[44,156802,1717],{"class":95},[44,156804,83],{"class":58},[44,156806,2955],{"class":95},[44,156808,129],{"class":58},[44,156810,156811,156813,156815,156817,156819,156821],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,156812,136],{"class":135},[44,156814,120],{"class":58},[44,156816,11641],{"class":135},[44,156818,120],{"class":58},[44,156820,1579],{"class":116},[44,156822,2239],{"class":58},[20,156824,39886,156825,156827],{},[15,156826,11641],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156829,156830],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[35,156832,156834],{"className":37,"code":156833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156835,156836,156845,156865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156837,156838,156841,156843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156839,156840],{"class":50},"length_value ",[44,156842,55],{"class":54},[44,156844,3091],{"class":95},[44,156846,156847,156849,156851,156853,156855,156857,156859,156861,156863],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156848,1551],{"class":50},[44,156850,55],{"class":54},[44,156852,9728],{"class":58},[44,156854,1588],{"class":95},[44,156856,83],{"class":58},[44,156858,1717],{"class":95},[44,156860,83],{"class":58},[44,156862,2955],{"class":95},[44,156864,129],{"class":58},[44,156866,156867,156869,156871,156873,156875,156877],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,156868,136],{"class":135},[44,156870,120],{"class":58},[44,156872,11641],{"class":135},[44,156874,120],{"class":58},[44,156876,1579],{"class":116},[44,156878,2239],{"class":58},[20,156880,156881],{},[590,156882,2576],{},[35,156884,156885],{"className":37,"code":46853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156886,156887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156888,156889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156890,46853],{"class":95},[30,156892,156894],{"id":156893},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156896,156897,156899],{},[15,156898,42595],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[981,156901,156903],{"id":156902},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[35,156905,156907],{"className":37,"code":156906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156908,156909,156917,156921,156939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156910,156911,156913,156915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156912,8276],{"class":50},[44,156914,55],{"class":54},[44,156916,149573],{"class":58},[44,156918,156919],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156920,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,156922,156923,156925,156927,156929,156931,156933,156935,156937],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,156924,1345],{"class":1140},[44,156926,38618],{"class":135},[44,156928,120],{"class":58},[44,156930,8305],{"class":116},[44,156932,144],{"class":58},[44,156934,6909],{"class":54},[44,156936,561],{"class":95},[44,156938,1359],{"class":58},[44,156940,156941,156943,156945,156947,156950,156952],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,156942,1387],{"class":135},[44,156944,120],{"class":58},[44,156946,63],{"class":62},[44,156948,156949],{"class":66},"The tuple is empty",[44,156951,63],{"class":62},[44,156953,129],{"class":58},[20,156955,156956],{},[590,156957,2576],{},[35,156959,156961],{"className":37,"code":156960,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156962,156963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156964,156965,156967,156969,156971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156966,2482],{"class":50},[44,156968,49190],{"class":2248},[44,156970,8591],{"class":54},[44,156972,8597],{"class":50},[981,156974,156976],{"id":156975},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[35,156978,156980],{"className":37,"code":156979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156981,156982,156998,157002,157020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156983,156984,156986,156988,156990,156992,156994,156996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156985,51623],{"class":50},[44,156987,55],{"class":54},[44,156989,9728],{"class":58},[44,156991,3008],{"class":95},[44,156993,83],{"class":58},[44,156995,6495],{"class":95},[44,156997,129],{"class":58},[44,156999,157000],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157001,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,157003,157004,157006,157008,157010,157012,157014,157016,157018],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,157005,1345],{"class":1140},[44,157007,38618],{"class":135},[44,157009,120],{"class":58},[44,157011,51648],{"class":116},[44,157013,144],{"class":58},[44,157015,6909],{"class":54},[44,157017,1717],{"class":95},[44,157019,1359],{"class":58},[44,157021,157022,157024,157026,157028,157031,157033],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,157023,1387],{"class":135},[44,157025,120],{"class":58},[44,157027,63],{"class":62},[44,157029,157030],{"class":66},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[44,157032,63],{"class":62},[44,157034,129],{"class":58},[20,157036,157037],{},[590,157038,2576],{},[35,157040,157042],{"className":37,"code":157041,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,157043,157044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157045,157046,157049,157051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157047,157048],{"class":50},"This looks like an x",[44,157050,83],{"class":58},[44,157052,157053],{"class":50}," y coordinate\n",[981,157055,157057],{"id":157056},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[35,157059,157061],{"className":37,"code":157060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,157062,157063,157092,157096,157114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157064,157065,157067,157069,157071,157073,157075,157077,157079,157081,157083,157085,157088,157090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157066,279],{"class":50},[44,157068,55],{"class":54},[44,157070,9728],{"class":58},[44,157072,63],{"class":62},[44,157074,78],{"class":66},[44,157076,63],{"class":62},[44,157078,83],{"class":58},[44,157080,96],{"class":95},[44,157082,83],{"class":58},[44,157084,75],{"class":62},[44,157086,157087],{"class":66},"Canada",[44,157089,63],{"class":62},[44,157091,129],{"class":58},[44,157093,157094],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157095,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,157097,157098,157100,157102,157104,157106,157108,157110,157112],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,157099,1345],{"class":1140},[44,157101,38618],{"class":135},[44,157103,120],{"class":58},[44,157105,373],{"class":116},[44,157107,144],{"class":58},[44,157109,6909],{"class":54},[44,157111,2955],{"class":95},[44,157113,1359],{"class":58},[44,157115,157116,157118,157120,157122,157125,157127],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,157117,1387],{"class":135},[44,157119,120],{"class":58},[44,157121,63],{"class":62},[44,157123,157124],{"class":66},"User record has the expected number of values",[44,157126,63],{"class":62},[44,157128,129],{"class":58},[20,157130,157131],{},[590,157132,2576],{},[35,157134,157136],{"className":37,"code":157135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,157137,157138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157139,157140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157141,157135],{"class":50},[981,157143,157145],{"id":157144},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[35,157147,157149],{"className":37,"code":157148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,157150,157151,157183,157187,157207],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157152,157153,157155,157157,157159,157161,157163,157165,157167,157169,157171,157173,157175,157177,157179,157181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157154,36320],{"class":50},[44,157156,55],{"class":54},[44,157158,9728],{"class":58},[44,157160,63],{"class":62},[44,157162,625],{"class":66},[44,157164,63],{"class":62},[44,157166,83],{"class":58},[44,157168,75],{"class":62},[44,157170,639],{"class":66},[44,157172,63],{"class":62},[44,157174,83],{"class":58},[44,157176,75],{"class":62},[44,157178,696],{"class":66},[44,157180,63],{"class":62},[44,157182,129],{"class":58},[44,157184,157185],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157186,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,157188,157189,157191,157193,157195,157197,157199,157201,157203,157205],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,157190,6459],{"class":1140},[44,157192,69790],{"class":50},[44,157194,4385],{"class":1140},[44,157196,54309],{"class":135},[44,157198,120],{"class":58},[44,157200,11641],{"class":135},[44,157202,120],{"class":58},[44,157204,36373],{"class":116},[44,157206,69805],{"class":58},[44,157208,157209,157211,157213,157215,157217,157219,157221,157223],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,157210,1387],{"class":135},[44,157212,120],{"class":58},[44,157214,36384],{"class":116},[44,157216,83],{"class":58},[44,157218,70338],{"class":116},[44,157220,896],{"class":58},[44,157222,36384],{"class":116},[44,157224,4391],{"class":58},[20,157226,157227],{},[590,157228,2576],{},[35,157230,157231],{"className":37,"code":36396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,157232,157233,157239,157245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157234,157235,157237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157236,2626],{"class":95},[44,157238,36405],{"class":50},[44,157240,157241,157243],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157242,1588],{"class":95},[44,157244,36412],{"class":50},[44,157246,157247,157249],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,157248,2561],{"class":95},[44,157250,36419],{"class":50},[20,157252,157253,157254,157256,157257,113],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[625,157255,149904],{"href":149903},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[625,157258,151148],{"href":151147},[30,157260,3335],{"id":3334},[20,157262,157263],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[252,157265,157266,157274,157281,157286],{},[255,157267,157268,157269,2037,157272],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,157270,157271],{},"(5)",[15,157273,149738],{},[255,157275,1785,157276,157278,157279],{},[15,157277,11641],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,157280,42595],{},[255,157282,1904,157283,157285],{},[15,157284,42595],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[255,157287,157288],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,157290,32308],{},[35,157292,157294],{"className":37,"code":157293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157295,157296,157306,157320,157334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157297,157298,157300,157302,157304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157299,136],{"class":135},[44,157301,120],{"class":58},[44,157303,148249],{"class":116},[44,157305,129],{"class":58},[44,157307,157308,157310,157312,157314,157316,157318],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157309,136],{"class":135},[44,157311,120],{"class":58},[44,157313,2249],{"class":2248},[44,157315,120],{"class":58},[44,157317,148249],{"class":116},[44,157319,2239],{"class":58},[44,157321,157322,157324,157326,157328,157330,157332],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,157323,136],{"class":135},[44,157325,120],{"class":58},[44,157327,11641],{"class":135},[44,157329,120],{"class":58},[44,157331,148249],{"class":116},[44,157333,2239],{"class":58},[44,157335,157336,157338,157340,157342],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,157337,32378],{"class":135},[44,157339,120],{"class":58},[44,157341,11641],{"class":135},[44,157343,129],{"class":58},[20,157345,155458],{},[252,157347,157348,157351,157354,157358],{},[255,157349,157350],{},"what value you are using",[255,157352,157353],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[255,157355,26455,157356,12180],{},[15,157357,42595],{},[255,157359,123622,157360,157362],{},[15,157361,42595],{}," is documented in Python",[30,157364,2301],{"id":2300},[981,157366,157368],{"id":157367},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157370,227,157371,157374],{},[15,157372,157373],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[981,157376,2329,157378,149408],{"id":157377},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157379,42595],{},[20,157381,46601,157382,157384],{},[15,157383,42595],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[981,157386,157388],{"id":157387},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157390,157391,157392,113],{},"The length is ",[15,157393,2626],{},[981,157395,157397],{"id":157396},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157399,151094,157400,157402],{},[15,157401,151097],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[981,157404,2329,157406,157408],{"id":157405},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157407,42595],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157410,157411],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[30,157413,2375],{"id":2374},[252,157415,157416,157422,157426,157430,157434],{},[255,157417,157418],{},[625,157419,4083,157420,4016],{"href":42592},[15,157421,42595],{},[255,157423,157424],{},[625,157425,156323],{"href":148234},[255,157427,157428],{},[625,157429,149904],{"href":149903},[255,157431,157432],{},[625,157433,151148],{"href":151147},[255,157435,157436],{},[625,157437,157438],{"href":149534},"What is a tuple in Python",[2414,157440,157441],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":157443},[157444,157445,157446,157453,157459,157468,157474,157475,157484],{"id":15618,"depth":102,"text":15619},{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":155811,"depth":102,"text":157447,"children":157448},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157449,157450,157451,157452],{"id":155823,"depth":132,"text":155824},{"id":155890,"depth":132,"text":155891},{"id":155935,"depth":132,"text":155936},{"id":155984,"depth":132,"text":155985},{"id":156073,"depth":102,"text":156074,"children":157454},[157455,157456,157457,157458],{"id":156077,"depth":132,"text":156078},{"id":156152,"depth":132,"text":155891},{"id":156194,"depth":132,"text":156195},{"id":156328,"depth":132,"text":156329},{"id":156412,"depth":102,"text":156413,"children":157460},[157461,157463,157465,157466],{"id":156416,"depth":132,"text":157462},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156554,"depth":132,"text":157464},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156630,"depth":132,"text":156631},{"id":156765,"depth":132,"text":157467},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156893,"depth":102,"text":156894,"children":157469},[157470,157471,157472,157473],{"id":156902,"depth":132,"text":156903},{"id":156975,"depth":132,"text":156976},{"id":157056,"depth":132,"text":157057},{"id":157144,"depth":132,"text":157145},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":157476},[157477,157478,157480,157481,157482],{"id":157367,"depth":132,"text":157368},{"id":157377,"depth":132,"text":157479},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157387,"depth":132,"text":157388},{"id":157396,"depth":132,"text":157397},{"id":157405,"depth":132,"text":157483},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155595,"description":157485},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157492,"title":157493,"body":157494,"description":159879,"extension":2465,"meta":159880,"navigation":169,"path":159881,"seo":159882,"stem":159883,"__hash__":159884},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157495,"toc":159840},[157496,157499,157502,157505,157528,157534,157536,157647,157651,157654,157664,157666,157765,157767,157844,157850,157854,157857,157880,157883,157900,157903,157905,157968,157970,157987,157998,158003,158005,158008,158014,158065,158067,158087,158091,158142,158144,158165,158169,158224,158226,158247,158251,158306,158308,158329,158333,158386,158388,158417,158419,158421,158424,158428,158485,158487,158508,158512,158565,158567,158592,158597,158601,158606,158624,158627,158690,158692,158713,158716,158777,158779,158800,158803,158846,158849,158853,158858,158862,158941,158943,158974,158978,159053,159055,159082,159086,159133,159135,159143,159148,159152,159155,159170,159172,159260,159262,159287,159290,159333,159342,159344,159347,159362,159365,159369,159423,159425,159445,159450,159454,159456,159494,159497,159547,159551,159624,159626,159663,159666,159668,159671,159691,159694,159763,159765,159778,159780,159784,159787,159791,159794,159799,159802,159808,159813,159815,159837],[10,157497,157493],{"id":157498},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157500,157501],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157503,157504],{},"Use this format:",[35,157506,157508],{"className":37,"code":157507,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157509,157510],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157511,157512,157514,157516,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157513,49190],{"class":50},[44,157515,896],{"class":58},[44,157517,36302],{"class":50},[44,157519,72],{"class":58},[44,157521,75668],{"class":50},[44,157523,72],{"class":58},[44,157525,75671],{"class":50},[44,157527,1153],{"class":58},[20,157529,2482,157530,75704,157532,113],{},[15,157531,75668],{},[590,157533,65311],{},[30,157535,2507],{"id":2506},[35,157537,157539],{"className":37,"code":157538,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157540,157541,157569,157573,157594,157611,157628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157542,157543,157545,157547,157549,157551,157553,157555,157557,157559,157561,157563,157565,157567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157544,1551],{"class":50},[44,157546,55],{"class":54},[44,157548,9728],{"class":58},[44,157550,1559],{"class":95},[44,157552,83],{"class":58},[44,157554,646],{"class":95},[44,157556,83],{"class":58},[44,157558,1568],{"class":95},[44,157560,83],{"class":58},[44,157562,51081],{"class":95},[44,157564,83],{"class":58},[44,157566,5581],{"class":95},[44,157568,129],{"class":58},[44,157570,157571],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157572,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,157574,157575,157577,157579,157581,157583,157585,157587,157589,157591],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,157576,136],{"class":135},[44,157578,120],{"class":58},[44,157580,1579],{"class":116},[44,157582,896],{"class":58},[44,157584,1588],{"class":95},[44,157586,72],{"class":58},[44,157588,3008],{"class":95},[44,157590,20892],{"class":58},[44,157592,157593],{"class":147},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[44,157595,157596,157598,157600,157602,157604,157606,157608],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,157597,136],{"class":135},[44,157599,120],{"class":58},[44,157601,1579],{"class":116},[44,157603,75777],{"class":58},[44,157605,2567],{"class":95},[44,157607,20892],{"class":58},[44,157609,157610],{"class":147},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[44,157612,157613,157615,157617,157619,157621,157623,157625],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,157614,136],{"class":135},[44,157616,120],{"class":58},[44,157618,1579],{"class":116},[44,157620,74364],{"class":58},[44,157622,2561],{"class":95},[44,157624,20892],{"class":58},[44,157626,157627],{"class":147},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[44,157629,157630,157632,157634,157636,157638,157640,157642,157644],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,157631,136],{"class":135},[44,157633,120],{"class":58},[44,157635,1579],{"class":116},[44,157637,74364],{"class":58},[44,157639,2526],{"class":54},[44,157641,1588],{"class":95},[44,157643,20892],{"class":58},[44,157645,157646],{"class":147},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[30,157648,157650],{"id":157649},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157652,157653],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[252,157655,157656,157658,157661],{},[255,157657,75971],{},[255,157659,157660],{},"The result is a new tuple",[255,157662,157663],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157665,269],{},[35,157667,157669],{"className":37,"code":157668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157670,157671,157719,157723,157741,157745,157755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157672,157673,157675,157677,157679,157681,157683,157685,157687,157689,157691,157693,157695,157697,157699,157701,157703,157705,157707,157709,157711,157713,157715,157717],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157674,36320],{"class":50},[44,157676,55],{"class":54},[44,157678,9728],{"class":58},[44,157680,63],{"class":62},[44,157682,625],{"class":66},[44,157684,63],{"class":62},[44,157686,83],{"class":58},[44,157688,75],{"class":62},[44,157690,639],{"class":66},[44,157692,63],{"class":62},[44,157694,83],{"class":58},[44,157696,75],{"class":62},[44,157698,696],{"class":66},[44,157700,63],{"class":62},[44,157702,83],{"class":58},[44,157704,75],{"class":62},[44,157706,19217],{"class":66},[44,157708,63],{"class":62},[44,157710,83],{"class":58},[44,157712,75],{"class":62},[44,157714,60688],{"class":66},[44,157716,63],{"class":62},[44,157718,129],{"class":58},[44,157720,157721],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157722,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,157724,157725,157727,157729,157731,157733,157735,157737,157739],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,157726,75901],{"class":50},[44,157728,55],{"class":54},[44,157730,70338],{"class":50},[44,157732,896],{"class":58},[44,157734,1588],{"class":95},[44,157736,72],{"class":58},[44,157738,3008],{"class":95},[44,157740,1153],{"class":58},[44,157742,157743],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,157744,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,157746,157747,157749,157751,157753],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,157748,136],{"class":135},[44,157750,120],{"class":58},[44,157752,75924],{"class":116},[44,157754,129],{"class":58},[44,157756,157757,157759,157761,157763],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,157758,136],{"class":135},[44,157760,120],{"class":58},[44,157762,36373],{"class":116},[44,157764,129],{"class":58},[20,157766,2576],{},[35,157768,157770],{"className":37,"code":157769,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157771,157772,157800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157773,157774,157776,157778,157780,157782,157784,157786,157788,157790,157792,157794,157796,157798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157775,120],{"class":58},[44,157777,2197],{"class":62},[44,157779,639],{"class":66},[44,157781,2197],{"class":62},[44,157783,83],{"class":58},[44,157785,2232],{"class":62},[44,157787,696],{"class":66},[44,157789,2197],{"class":62},[44,157791,83],{"class":58},[44,157793,2232],{"class":62},[44,157795,19217],{"class":66},[44,157797,2197],{"class":62},[44,157799,129],{"class":58},[44,157801,157802,157804,157806,157808,157810,157812,157814,157816,157818,157820,157822,157824,157826,157828,157830,157832,157834,157836,157838,157840,157842],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157803,120],{"class":58},[44,157805,2197],{"class":62},[44,157807,625],{"class":66},[44,157809,2197],{"class":62},[44,157811,83],{"class":58},[44,157813,2232],{"class":62},[44,157815,639],{"class":66},[44,157817,2197],{"class":62},[44,157819,83],{"class":58},[44,157821,2232],{"class":62},[44,157823,696],{"class":66},[44,157825,2197],{"class":62},[44,157827,83],{"class":58},[44,157829,2232],{"class":62},[44,157831,19217],{"class":66},[44,157833,2197],{"class":62},[44,157835,83],{"class":58},[44,157837,2232],{"class":62},[44,157839,60688],{"class":66},[44,157841,2197],{"class":62},[44,157843,129],{"class":58},[20,157845,157846,157847,113],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[625,157848,148231],{"href":157849},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[30,157851,157853],{"id":157852},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157855,157856],{},"The full syntax is:",[35,157858,157860],{"className":37,"code":157859,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157861,157862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157863,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872,157874,157876,157878],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157865,148249],{"class":50},[44,157867,896],{"class":58},[44,157869,36302],{"class":50},[44,157871,72],{"class":58},[44,157873,75668],{"class":50},[44,157875,72],{"class":58},[44,157877,75671],{"class":50},[44,157879,1153],{"class":58},[20,157881,157882],{},"Each part has a job:",[252,157884,157885,157890,157895],{},[255,157886,157887,157889],{},[15,157888,36302],{},": where slicing begins",[255,157891,157892,157894],{},[15,157893,75668],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[255,157896,157897,157899],{},[15,157898,75671],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157901,157902],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157904,269],{},[35,157906,157908],{"className":37,"code":157907,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157909,157910,157942,157946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157911,157912,157914,157916,157918,157920,157922,157924,157926,157928,157930,157932,157934,157936,157938,157940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157913,1551],{"class":50},[44,157915,55],{"class":54},[44,157917,9728],{"class":58},[44,157919,1559],{"class":95},[44,157921,83],{"class":58},[44,157923,646],{"class":95},[44,157925,83],{"class":58},[44,157927,1568],{"class":95},[44,157929,83],{"class":58},[44,157931,51081],{"class":95},[44,157933,83],{"class":58},[44,157935,5581],{"class":95},[44,157937,83],{"class":58},[44,157939,76342],{"class":95},[44,157941,129],{"class":58},[44,157943,157944],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157945,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,157947,157948,157950,157952,157954,157956,157958,157960,157962,157964,157966],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,157949,136],{"class":135},[44,157951,120],{"class":58},[44,157953,1579],{"class":116},[44,157955,896],{"class":58},[44,157957,1588],{"class":95},[44,157959,72],{"class":58},[44,157961,2643],{"class":95},[44,157963,72],{"class":58},[44,157965,2561],{"class":95},[44,157967,4391],{"class":58},[20,157969,2576],{},[35,157971,157973],{"className":37,"code":157972,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157974,157975],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157976,157977,157979,157981,157983,157985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157978,120],{"class":58},[44,157980,16210],{"class":95},[44,157982,83],{"class":58},[44,157984,51081],{"class":95},[44,157986,129],{"class":58},[20,157988,157989,157990,157992,157993,157995,157996,113],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157991,1588],{},", stops before index ",[15,157994,2643],{},", and moves by ",[15,157997,2561],{},[20,157999,158000,158001,113],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[625,158002,149904],{"href":153330},[30,158004,76258],{"id":76257},[20,158006,158007],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[981,158009,158011,158012,6467],{"id":158010},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,158013,76272],{},[35,158015,158017],{"className":37,"code":158016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,158018,158019,158047,158051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158020,158021,158023,158025,158027,158029,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158022,1551],{"class":50},[44,158024,55],{"class":54},[44,158026,9728],{"class":58},[44,158028,1559],{"class":95},[44,158030,83],{"class":58},[44,158032,646],{"class":95},[44,158034,83],{"class":58},[44,158036,1568],{"class":95},[44,158038,83],{"class":58},[44,158040,51081],{"class":95},[44,158042,83],{"class":58},[44,158044,5581],{"class":95},[44,158046,129],{"class":58},[44,158048,158049],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158050,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,158052,158053,158055,158057,158059,158061,158063],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158054,136],{"class":135},[44,158056,120],{"class":58},[44,158058,1579],{"class":116},[44,158060,75777],{"class":58},[44,158062,2567],{"class":95},[44,158064,4391],{"class":58},[20,158066,2576],{},[35,158068,158069],{"className":37,"code":151596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158070,158071],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158072,158073,158075,158077,158079,158081,158083,158085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158074,120],{"class":58},[44,158076,1559],{"class":95},[44,158078,83],{"class":58},[44,158080,646],{"class":95},[44,158082,83],{"class":58},[44,158084,1568],{"class":95},[44,158086,129],{"class":58},[981,158088,158090],{"id":158089},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[35,158092,158094],{"className":37,"code":158093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,158095,158096,158124,158128],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158097,158098,158100,158102,158104,158106,158108,158110,158112,158114,158116,158118,158120,158122],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158099,1551],{"class":50},[44,158101,55],{"class":54},[44,158103,9728],{"class":58},[44,158105,1559],{"class":95},[44,158107,83],{"class":58},[44,158109,646],{"class":95},[44,158111,83],{"class":58},[44,158113,1568],{"class":95},[44,158115,83],{"class":58},[44,158117,51081],{"class":95},[44,158119,83],{"class":58},[44,158121,5581],{"class":95},[44,158123,129],{"class":58},[44,158125,158126],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158127,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,158129,158130,158132,158134,158136,158138,158140],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158131,136],{"class":135},[44,158133,120],{"class":58},[44,158135,1579],{"class":116},[44,158137,896],{"class":58},[44,158139,2561],{"class":95},[44,158141,77958],{"class":58},[20,158143,2576],{},[35,158145,158147],{"className":37,"code":158146,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,158148,158149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158150,158151,158153,158155,158157,158159,158161,158163],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158152,120],{"class":58},[44,158154,37072],{"class":95},[44,158156,83],{"class":58},[44,158158,51081],{"class":95},[44,158160,83],{"class":58},[44,158162,5581],{"class":95},[44,158164,129],{"class":58},[981,158166,158168],{"id":158167},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[35,158170,158172],{"className":37,"code":158171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,158173,158174,158202,158206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158175,158176,158178,158180,158182,158184,158186,158188,158190,158192,158194,158196,158198,158200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158177,1551],{"class":50},[44,158179,55],{"class":54},[44,158181,9728],{"class":58},[44,158183,1559],{"class":95},[44,158185,83],{"class":58},[44,158187,646],{"class":95},[44,158189,83],{"class":58},[44,158191,1568],{"class":95},[44,158193,83],{"class":58},[44,158195,51081],{"class":95},[44,158197,83],{"class":58},[44,158199,5581],{"class":95},[44,158201,129],{"class":58},[44,158203,158204],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158205,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,158207,158208,158210,158212,158214,158216,158218,158220,158222],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158209,136],{"class":135},[44,158211,120],{"class":58},[44,158213,1579],{"class":116},[44,158215,896],{"class":58},[44,158217,1588],{"class":95},[44,158219,72],{"class":58},[44,158221,3008],{"class":95},[44,158223,4391],{"class":58},[20,158225,2576],{},[35,158227,158229],{"className":37,"code":158228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158230,158231],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158232,158233,158235,158237,158239,158241,158243,158245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158234,120],{"class":58},[44,158236,16210],{"class":95},[44,158238,83],{"class":58},[44,158240,1568],{"class":95},[44,158242,83],{"class":58},[44,158244,51081],{"class":95},[44,158246,129],{"class":58},[981,158248,158250],{"id":158249},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[35,158252,158254],{"className":37,"code":158253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,158255,158256,158288,158292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158257,158258,158260,158262,158264,158266,158268,158270,158272,158274,158276,158278,158280,158282,158284,158286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158259,1551],{"class":50},[44,158261,55],{"class":54},[44,158263,9728],{"class":58},[44,158265,1559],{"class":95},[44,158267,83],{"class":58},[44,158269,646],{"class":95},[44,158271,83],{"class":58},[44,158273,1568],{"class":95},[44,158275,83],{"class":58},[44,158277,51081],{"class":95},[44,158279,83],{"class":58},[44,158281,5581],{"class":95},[44,158283,83],{"class":58},[44,158285,76342],{"class":95},[44,158287,129],{"class":58},[44,158289,158290],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158291,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,158293,158294,158296,158298,158300,158302,158304],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158295,136],{"class":135},[44,158297,120],{"class":58},[44,158299,1579],{"class":116},[44,158301,74364],{"class":58},[44,158303,2561],{"class":95},[44,158305,4391],{"class":58},[20,158307,2576],{},[35,158309,158311],{"className":37,"code":158310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158312,158313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158314,158315,158317,158319,158321,158323,158325,158327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158316,120],{"class":58},[44,158318,1559],{"class":95},[44,158320,83],{"class":58},[44,158322,1568],{"class":95},[44,158324,83],{"class":58},[44,158326,5581],{"class":95},[44,158328,129],{"class":58},[981,158330,158332],{"id":158331},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[35,158334,158336],{"className":37,"code":158335,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158337,158338,158366,158370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158339,158340,158342,158344,158346,158348,158350,158352,158354,158356,158358,158360,158362,158364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158341,1551],{"class":50},[44,158343,55],{"class":54},[44,158345,9728],{"class":58},[44,158347,1559],{"class":95},[44,158349,83],{"class":58},[44,158351,646],{"class":95},[44,158353,83],{"class":58},[44,158355,1568],{"class":95},[44,158357,83],{"class":58},[44,158359,51081],{"class":95},[44,158361,83],{"class":58},[44,158363,5581],{"class":95},[44,158365,129],{"class":58},[44,158367,158368],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158369,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,158371,158372,158374,158376,158378,158380,158382,158384],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158373,136],{"class":135},[44,158375,120],{"class":58},[44,158377,1579],{"class":116},[44,158379,74364],{"class":58},[44,158381,2526],{"class":54},[44,158383,1588],{"class":95},[44,158385,4391],{"class":58},[20,158387,2576],{},[35,158389,158391],{"className":37,"code":158390,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158392,158393],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158394,158395,158397,158399,158401,158403,158405,158407,158409,158411,158413,158415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158396,120],{"class":58},[44,158398,77036],{"class":95},[44,158400,83],{"class":58},[44,158402,51081],{"class":95},[44,158404,83],{"class":58},[44,158406,1568],{"class":95},[44,158408,83],{"class":58},[44,158410,646],{"class":95},[44,158412,83],{"class":58},[44,158414,632],{"class":95},[44,158416,129],{"class":58},[30,158418,76552],{"id":76551},[20,158420,154603],{},[20,158422,158423],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[981,158425,158427],{"id":158426},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[35,158429,158431],{"className":37,"code":158430,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158432,158433,158465,158469],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158434,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449,158451,158453,158455,158457,158459,158461,158463],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158436,1551],{"class":50},[44,158438,55],{"class":54},[44,158440,9728],{"class":58},[44,158442,1559],{"class":95},[44,158444,83],{"class":58},[44,158446,646],{"class":95},[44,158448,83],{"class":58},[44,158450,1568],{"class":95},[44,158452,83],{"class":58},[44,158454,51081],{"class":95},[44,158456,83],{"class":58},[44,158458,5581],{"class":95},[44,158460,83],{"class":58},[44,158462,76342],{"class":95},[44,158464,129],{"class":58},[44,158466,158467],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158468,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,158470,158471,158473,158475,158477,158479,158481,158483],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158472,136],{"class":135},[44,158474,120],{"class":58},[44,158476,1579],{"class":116},[44,158478,896],{"class":58},[44,158480,2526],{"class":54},[44,158482,2567],{"class":95},[44,158484,77958],{"class":58},[20,158486,2576],{},[35,158488,158490],{"className":37,"code":158489,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158491,158492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158493,158494,158496,158498,158500,158502,158504,158506],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158495,120],{"class":58},[44,158497,56932],{"class":95},[44,158499,83],{"class":58},[44,158501,5581],{"class":95},[44,158503,83],{"class":58},[44,158505,76342],{"class":95},[44,158507,129],{"class":58},[981,158509,158511],{"id":158510},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[35,158513,158515],{"className":37,"code":158514,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158516,158517,158545,158549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158518,158519,158521,158523,158525,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535,158537,158539,158541,158543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158520,1551],{"class":50},[44,158522,55],{"class":54},[44,158524,9728],{"class":58},[44,158526,1559],{"class":95},[44,158528,83],{"class":58},[44,158530,646],{"class":95},[44,158532,83],{"class":58},[44,158534,1568],{"class":95},[44,158536,83],{"class":58},[44,158538,51081],{"class":95},[44,158540,83],{"class":58},[44,158542,5581],{"class":95},[44,158544,129],{"class":58},[44,158546,158547],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158548,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,158550,158551,158553,158555,158557,158559,158561,158563],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158552,136],{"class":135},[44,158554,120],{"class":58},[44,158556,1579],{"class":116},[44,158558,75777],{"class":58},[44,158560,2526],{"class":54},[44,158562,1588],{"class":95},[44,158564,4391],{"class":58},[20,158566,2576],{},[35,158568,158570],{"className":37,"code":158569,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158571,158572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158573,158574,158576,158578,158580,158582,158584,158586,158588,158590],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158575,120],{"class":58},[44,158577,1559],{"class":95},[44,158579,83],{"class":58},[44,158581,646],{"class":95},[44,158583,83],{"class":58},[44,158585,1568],{"class":95},[44,158587,83],{"class":58},[44,158589,51081],{"class":95},[44,158591,129],{"class":58},[20,158593,158594,158595,113],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[625,158596,151153],{"href":157487},[30,158598,158600],{"id":158599},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158602,2482,158603,158605],{},[15,158604,75671],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[252,158607,158608,158610,158612,158618],{},[255,158609,76808],{},[255,158611,76811],{},[255,158613,158614,158617],{},[15,158615,158616],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[255,158619,158620,158621,158623],{},"A step of ",[15,158622,2626],{}," is not allowed",[20,158625,158626],{},"Example with a positive step:",[35,158628,158630],{"className":37,"code":158629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158631,158632,158664,158668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158633,158634,158636,158638,158640,158642,158644,158646,158648,158650,158652,158654,158656,158658,158660,158662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158635,1551],{"class":50},[44,158637,55],{"class":54},[44,158639,9728],{"class":58},[44,158641,1559],{"class":95},[44,158643,83],{"class":58},[44,158645,646],{"class":95},[44,158647,83],{"class":58},[44,158649,1568],{"class":95},[44,158651,83],{"class":58},[44,158653,51081],{"class":95},[44,158655,83],{"class":58},[44,158657,5581],{"class":95},[44,158659,83],{"class":58},[44,158661,76342],{"class":95},[44,158663,129],{"class":58},[44,158665,158666],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158667,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,158669,158670,158672,158674,158676,158678,158680,158682,158684,158686,158688],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158671,136],{"class":135},[44,158673,120],{"class":58},[44,158675,1579],{"class":116},[44,158677,896],{"class":58},[44,158679,1588],{"class":95},[44,158681,72],{"class":58},[44,158683,80836],{"class":95},[44,158685,72],{"class":58},[44,158687,2561],{"class":95},[44,158689,4391],{"class":58},[20,158691,2576],{},[35,158693,158695],{"className":37,"code":158694,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158696,158697],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158698,158699,158701,158703,158705,158707,158709,158711],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158700,120],{"class":58},[44,158702,16210],{"class":95},[44,158704,83],{"class":58},[44,158706,51081],{"class":95},[44,158708,83],{"class":58},[44,158710,76342],{"class":95},[44,158712,129],{"class":58},[20,158714,158715],{},"Example with a negative step:",[35,158717,158719],{"className":37,"code":158718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158720,158721,158749,158753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158722,158723,158725,158727,158729,158731,158733,158735,158737,158739,158741,158743,158745,158747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158724,1551],{"class":50},[44,158726,55],{"class":54},[44,158728,9728],{"class":58},[44,158730,1559],{"class":95},[44,158732,83],{"class":58},[44,158734,646],{"class":95},[44,158736,83],{"class":58},[44,158738,1568],{"class":95},[44,158740,83],{"class":58},[44,158742,51081],{"class":95},[44,158744,83],{"class":58},[44,158746,5581],{"class":95},[44,158748,129],{"class":58},[44,158750,158751],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158752,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,158754,158755,158757,158759,158761,158763,158765,158767,158769,158771,158773,158775],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158756,136],{"class":135},[44,158758,120],{"class":58},[44,158760,1579],{"class":116},[44,158762,896],{"class":58},[44,158764,3008],{"class":95},[44,158766,72],{"class":58},[44,158768,1588],{"class":95},[44,158770,72],{"class":58},[44,158772,2526],{"class":54},[44,158774,1588],{"class":95},[44,158776,4391],{"class":58},[20,158778,2576],{},[35,158780,158782],{"className":37,"code":158781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158783,158784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158785,158786,158788,158790,158792,158794,158796,158798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158787,120],{"class":58},[44,158789,77036],{"class":95},[44,158791,83],{"class":58},[44,158793,51081],{"class":95},[44,158795,83],{"class":58},[44,158797,1568],{"class":95},[44,158799,129],{"class":58},[20,158801,158802],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[35,158804,158806],{"className":37,"code":158805,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158807,158808,158828,158832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158809,158810,158812,158814,158816,158818,158820,158822,158824,158826],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158811,1551],{"class":50},[44,158813,55],{"class":54},[44,158815,9728],{"class":58},[44,158817,1559],{"class":95},[44,158819,83],{"class":58},[44,158821,646],{"class":95},[44,158823,83],{"class":58},[44,158825,1568],{"class":95},[44,158827,129],{"class":58},[44,158829,158830],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158831,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,158833,158834,158836,158838,158840,158842,158844],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158835,136],{"class":135},[44,158837,120],{"class":58},[44,158839,1579],{"class":116},[44,158841,74364],{"class":58},[44,158843,2626],{"class":95},[44,158845,4391],{"class":58},[20,158847,158848],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[30,158850,158852],{"id":158851},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158854,158855,158856,33968],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[590,158857,49190],{},[981,158859,158861],{"id":158860},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[35,158863,158865],{"className":37,"code":158864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158866,158867,158891,158895,158913,158917,158927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158868,158869,158871,158873,158875,158877,158879,158881,158883,158885,158887,158889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158870,1551],{"class":50},[44,158872,55],{"class":54},[44,158874,9728],{"class":58},[44,158876,1559],{"class":95},[44,158878,83],{"class":58},[44,158880,646],{"class":95},[44,158882,83],{"class":58},[44,158884,1568],{"class":95},[44,158886,83],{"class":58},[44,158888,51081],{"class":95},[44,158890,129],{"class":58},[44,158892,158893],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158894,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,158896,158897,158899,158901,158903,158905,158907,158909,158911],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158898,1953],{"class":50},[44,158900,55],{"class":54},[44,158902,4767],{"class":50},[44,158904,896],{"class":58},[44,158906,1588],{"class":95},[44,158908,72],{"class":58},[44,158910,2567],{"class":95},[44,158912,1153],{"class":58},[44,158914,158915],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,158916,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,158918,158919,158921,158923,158925],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,158920,136],{"class":135},[44,158922,120],{"class":58},[44,158924,1984],{"class":116},[44,158926,129],{"class":58},[44,158928,158929,158931,158933,158935,158937,158939],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,158930,136],{"class":135},[44,158932,120],{"class":58},[44,158934,2249],{"class":2248},[44,158936,120],{"class":58},[44,158938,1984],{"class":116},[44,158940,2239],{"class":58},[20,158942,2576],{},[35,158944,158946],{"className":37,"code":158945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158947,158948,158960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158949,158950,158952,158954,158956,158958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158951,120],{"class":58},[44,158953,16210],{"class":95},[44,158955,83],{"class":58},[44,158957,1568],{"class":95},[44,158959,129],{"class":58},[44,158961,158962,158964,158966,158968,158970,158972],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158963,3797],{"class":54},[44,158965,3800],{"class":2570},[44,158967,2232],{"class":62},[44,158969,49190],{"class":66},[44,158971,2197],{"class":62},[44,158973,3809],{"class":54},[981,158975,158977],{"id":158976},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[35,158979,158981],{"className":37,"code":158980,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158982,158983,159003,159007,159025,159029,159039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158984,158985,158987,158989,158991,158993,158995,158997,158999,159001],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158986,1551],{"class":50},[44,158988,55],{"class":54},[44,158990,9728],{"class":58},[44,158992,1559],{"class":95},[44,158994,83],{"class":58},[44,158996,646],{"class":95},[44,158998,83],{"class":58},[44,159000,1568],{"class":95},[44,159002,129],{"class":58},[44,159004,159005],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159006,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,159008,159009,159011,159013,159015,159017,159019,159021,159023],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,159010,1953],{"class":50},[44,159012,55],{"class":54},[44,159014,4767],{"class":50},[44,159016,896],{"class":58},[44,159018,1588],{"class":95},[44,159020,72],{"class":58},[44,159022,2561],{"class":95},[44,159024,1153],{"class":58},[44,159026,159027],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,159028,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,159030,159031,159033,159035,159037],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,159032,136],{"class":135},[44,159034,120],{"class":58},[44,159036,1984],{"class":116},[44,159038,129],{"class":58},[44,159040,159041,159043,159045,159047,159049,159051],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,159042,136],{"class":135},[44,159044,120],{"class":58},[44,159046,2249],{"class":2248},[44,159048,120],{"class":58},[44,159050,1984],{"class":116},[44,159052,2239],{"class":58},[20,159054,2576],{},[35,159056,159058],{"className":37,"code":159057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,159059,159060,159068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159061,159062,159064,159066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159063,120],{"class":58},[44,159065,16210],{"class":95},[44,159067,149587],{"class":58},[44,159069,159070,159072,159074,159076,159078,159080],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159071,3797],{"class":54},[44,159073,3800],{"class":2570},[44,159075,2232],{"class":62},[44,159077,49190],{"class":66},[44,159079,2197],{"class":62},[44,159081,3809],{"class":54},[981,159083,159085],{"id":159084},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[35,159087,159089],{"className":37,"code":159088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,159090,159091,159111,159115],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159092,159093,159095,159097,159099,159101,159103,159105,159107,159109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159094,1551],{"class":50},[44,159096,55],{"class":54},[44,159098,9728],{"class":58},[44,159100,1559],{"class":95},[44,159102,83],{"class":58},[44,159104,646],{"class":95},[44,159106,83],{"class":58},[44,159108,1568],{"class":95},[44,159110,129],{"class":58},[44,159112,159113],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159114,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,159116,159117,159119,159121,159123,159125,159127,159129,159131],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,159118,136],{"class":135},[44,159120,120],{"class":58},[44,159122,1579],{"class":116},[44,159124,896],{"class":58},[44,159126,2643],{"class":95},[44,159128,72],{"class":58},[44,159130,2849],{"class":95},[44,159132,4391],{"class":58},[20,159134,2576],{},[35,159136,159137],{"className":37,"code":9138,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159138,159139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159140,159141],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159142,9138],{"class":58},[20,159144,159145,159146,113],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[625,159147,156323],{"href":151210},[30,159149,159151],{"id":159150},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,159153,159154],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[252,159156,159157,159159,159162,159167],{},[255,159158,77117],{},[255,159160,159161],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[255,159163,159164,159165],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,159166,70973],{},[255,159168,159169],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,159171,269],{},[35,159173,159175],{"className":37,"code":159174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,159176,159177,159197,159201,159218,159239],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159178,159179,159181,159183,159185,159187,159189,159191,159193,159195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159180,1551],{"class":50},[44,159182,55],{"class":54},[44,159184,9728],{"class":58},[44,159186,1559],{"class":95},[44,159188,83],{"class":58},[44,159190,646],{"class":95},[44,159192,83],{"class":58},[44,159194,1568],{"class":95},[44,159196,129],{"class":58},[44,159198,159199],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159200,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,159202,159203,159205,159207,159209,159211,159213,159215],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,159204,136],{"class":135},[44,159206,120],{"class":58},[44,159208,1579],{"class":116},[44,159210,896],{"class":58},[44,159212,1588],{"class":95},[44,159214,20892],{"class":58},[44,159216,159217],{"class":147},"    # one item\n",[44,159219,159220,159222,159224,159226,159228,159230,159232,159234,159236],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,159221,136],{"class":135},[44,159223,120],{"class":58},[44,159225,1579],{"class":116},[44,159227,896],{"class":58},[44,159229,1588],{"class":95},[44,159231,72],{"class":58},[44,159233,2643],{"class":95},[44,159235,20892],{"class":58},[44,159237,159238],{"class":147},"  # slice\n",[44,159240,159241,159243,159245,159247,159249,159251,159253,159255,159257],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,159242,136],{"class":135},[44,159244,120],{"class":58},[44,159246,1579],{"class":116},[44,159248,896],{"class":58},[44,159250,2643],{"class":95},[44,159252,72],{"class":58},[44,159254,2849],{"class":95},[44,159256,20892],{"class":58},[44,159258,159259],{"class":147},"  # empty slice\n",[20,159261,2576],{},[35,159263,159265],{"className":37,"code":159264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,159266,159267,159271,159283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159268,159269],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159270,71466],{"class":95},[44,159272,159273,159275,159277,159279,159281],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159274,120],{"class":58},[44,159276,16210],{"class":95},[44,159278,83],{"class":58},[44,159280,1568],{"class":95},[44,159282,129],{"class":58},[44,159284,159285],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,159286,9138],{"class":58},[20,159288,159289],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[35,159291,159293],{"className":37,"code":159292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159294,159295,159315,159319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159296,159297,159299,159301,159303,159305,159307,159309,159311,159313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159298,1551],{"class":50},[44,159300,55],{"class":54},[44,159302,9728],{"class":58},[44,159304,1559],{"class":95},[44,159306,83],{"class":58},[44,159308,646],{"class":95},[44,159310,83],{"class":58},[44,159312,1568],{"class":95},[44,159314,129],{"class":58},[44,159316,159317],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159318,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,159320,159321,159323,159325,159327,159329,159331],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,159322,136],{"class":135},[44,159324,120],{"class":58},[44,159326,1579],{"class":116},[44,159328,896],{"class":58},[44,159330,2643],{"class":95},[44,159332,4391],{"class":58},[20,159334,159335,159336,159338,159339,113],{},"This raises an ",[15,159337,70973],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[625,159340,155076],{"href":159341},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[30,159343,15633],{"id":77384},[20,159345,159346],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[252,159348,159349,159352,159354,159357],{},[255,159350,159351],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[255,159353,60933],{},[255,159355,159356],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[255,159358,159359,159360],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159361,2626],{},[20,159363,159364],{},"Here are a few examples.",[981,159366,159368],{"id":159367},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[35,159370,159371],{"className":37,"code":158171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159372,159373,159401,159405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159374,159375,159377,159379,159381,159383,159385,159387,159389,159391,159393,159395,159397,159399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159376,1551],{"class":50},[44,159378,55],{"class":54},[44,159380,9728],{"class":58},[44,159382,1559],{"class":95},[44,159384,83],{"class":58},[44,159386,646],{"class":95},[44,159388,83],{"class":58},[44,159390,1568],{"class":95},[44,159392,83],{"class":58},[44,159394,51081],{"class":95},[44,159396,83],{"class":58},[44,159398,5581],{"class":95},[44,159400,129],{"class":58},[44,159402,159403],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159404,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,159406,159407,159409,159411,159413,159415,159417,159419,159421],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,159408,136],{"class":135},[44,159410,120],{"class":58},[44,159412,1579],{"class":116},[44,159414,896],{"class":58},[44,159416,1588],{"class":95},[44,159418,72],{"class":58},[44,159420,3008],{"class":95},[44,159422,4391],{"class":58},[20,159424,2576],{},[35,159426,159427],{"className":37,"code":158228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159428,159429],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159430,159431,159433,159435,159437,159439,159441,159443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159432,120],{"class":58},[44,159434,16210],{"class":95},[44,159436,83],{"class":58},[44,159438,1568],{"class":95},[44,159440,83],{"class":58},[44,159442,51081],{"class":95},[44,159444,129],{"class":58},[20,159446,132655,159447,159449],{},[15,159448,3008],{}," is not included.",[981,159451,159453],{"id":159452},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159455,5028],{},[35,159457,159459],{"className":37,"code":159458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159460,159461,159485,159489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159462,159463,159465,159467,159469,159471,159473,159475,159477,159479,159481,159483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159464,1551],{"class":50},[44,159466,55],{"class":54},[44,159468,9728],{"class":58},[44,159470,1559],{"class":95},[44,159472,83],{"class":58},[44,159474,646],{"class":95},[44,159476,83],{"class":58},[44,159478,1568],{"class":95},[44,159480,83],{"class":58},[44,159482,51081],{"class":95},[44,159484,129],{"class":58},[44,159486,159487],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159488,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,159490,159491],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,159492,159493],{"class":147},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159495,159496],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[35,159498,159499],{"className":37,"code":155156,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159500,159501,159525,159529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159502,159503,159505,159507,159509,159511,159513,159515,159517,159519,159521,159523],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159504,1551],{"class":50},[44,159506,55],{"class":54},[44,159508,9728],{"class":58},[44,159510,1559],{"class":95},[44,159512,83],{"class":58},[44,159514,646],{"class":95},[44,159516,83],{"class":58},[44,159518,1568],{"class":95},[44,159520,83],{"class":58},[44,159522,51081],{"class":95},[44,159524,129],{"class":58},[44,159526,159527],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159528,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,159530,159531,159533,159535,159537,159539,159541,159543,159545],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,159532,136],{"class":135},[44,159534,120],{"class":58},[44,159536,1579],{"class":116},[44,159538,896],{"class":58},[44,159540,1588],{"class":95},[44,159542,72],{"class":58},[44,159544,2567],{"class":95},[44,159546,4391],{"class":58},[981,159548,159550],{"id":159549},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[35,159552,159554],{"className":37,"code":159553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159555,159556,159580,159584,159599,159603,159614],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159557,159558,159560,159562,159564,159566,159568,159570,159572,159574,159576,159578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159559,1551],{"class":50},[44,159561,55],{"class":54},[44,159563,9728],{"class":58},[44,159565,1559],{"class":95},[44,159567,83],{"class":58},[44,159569,646],{"class":95},[44,159571,83],{"class":58},[44,159573,1568],{"class":95},[44,159575,83],{"class":58},[44,159577,51081],{"class":95},[44,159579,129],{"class":58},[44,159581,159582],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159583,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,159585,159586,159589,159591,159593,159595,159597],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,159587,159588],{"class":50},"slice_result ",[44,159590,55],{"class":54},[44,159592,4767],{"class":50},[44,159594,75777],{"class":58},[44,159596,2561],{"class":95},[44,159598,1153],{"class":58},[44,159600,159601],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,159602,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,159604,159605,159607,159609,159612],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,159606,136],{"class":135},[44,159608,120],{"class":58},[44,159610,159611],{"class":116},"slice_result",[44,159613,129],{"class":58},[44,159615,159616,159618,159620,159622],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,159617,136],{"class":135},[44,159619,120],{"class":58},[44,159621,1579],{"class":116},[44,159623,129],{"class":58},[20,159625,2576],{},[35,159627,159629],{"className":37,"code":159628,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159630,159631,159643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159632,159633,159635,159637,159639,159641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159634,120],{"class":58},[44,159636,1559],{"class":95},[44,159638,83],{"class":58},[44,159640,646],{"class":95},[44,159642,129],{"class":58},[44,159644,159645,159647,159649,159651,159653,159655,159657,159659,159661],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159646,120],{"class":58},[44,159648,1559],{"class":95},[44,159650,83],{"class":58},[44,159652,646],{"class":95},[44,159654,83],{"class":58},[44,159656,1568],{"class":95},[44,159658,83],{"class":58},[44,159660,51081],{"class":95},[44,159662,129],{"class":58},[20,159664,159665],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[30,159667,113969],{"id":113968},[20,159669,159670],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[252,159672,159673,159676,159679,159685,159688],{},[255,159674,159675],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[255,159677,159678],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[255,159680,159681,159682],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159683,159684],{},"tuple[::0]",[255,159686,159687],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[255,159689,159690],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159692,159693],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[35,159695,159697],{"className":37,"code":159696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159698,159699,159709,159727,159749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159700,159701,159703,159705,159707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159702,136],{"class":135},[44,159704,120],{"class":58},[44,159706,148249],{"class":116},[44,159708,129],{"class":58},[44,159710,159711,159713,159715,159717,159719,159721,159723,159725],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159712,136],{"class":135},[44,159714,120],{"class":58},[44,159716,148249],{"class":116},[44,159718,896],{"class":58},[44,159720,1588],{"class":95},[44,159722,72],{"class":58},[44,159724,3008],{"class":95},[44,159726,4391],{"class":58},[44,159728,159729,159731,159733,159735,159737,159739,159741,159743,159745,159747],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,159730,136],{"class":135},[44,159732,120],{"class":58},[44,159734,2249],{"class":2248},[44,159736,120],{"class":58},[44,159738,148249],{"class":116},[44,159740,896],{"class":58},[44,159742,1588],{"class":95},[44,159744,72],{"class":58},[44,159746,3008],{"class":95},[44,159748,3505],{"class":58},[44,159750,159751,159753,159755,159757,159759,159761],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,159752,136],{"class":135},[44,159754,120],{"class":58},[44,159756,11641],{"class":135},[44,159758,120],{"class":58},[44,159760,148249],{"class":116},[44,159762,2239],{"class":58},[20,159764,11650],{},[252,159766,159767,159769,159772,159775],{},[255,159768,155463],{},[255,159770,159771],{},"what the slice actually returns",[255,159773,159774],{},"that the result is a tuple",[255,159776,159777],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[30,159779,2301],{"id":2300},[981,159781,159783],{"id":159782},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159785,159786],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[981,159788,159790],{"id":159789},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159792,159793],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[981,159795,5643,159797,40193],{"id":159796},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159798,158616],{},[20,159800,159801],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[981,159803,159805,159806,2363],{"id":159804},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159807,70973],{},[20,159809,159810,159811,113],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159812,70973],{},[30,159814,2375],{"id":2374},[252,159816,159817,159821,159825,159829,159833],{},[255,159818,159819],{},[625,159820,156323],{"href":151210},[255,159822,159823],{},[625,159824,149904],{"href":153330},[255,159826,159827],{},[625,159828,151153],{"href":157487},[255,159830,159831],{},[625,159832,148231],{"href":157849},[255,159834,159835],{},[625,159836,155076],{"href":159341},[2414,159838,159839],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":159841},[159842,159843,159844,159845,159853,159857,159858,159863,159864,159869,159870,159878],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":157649,"depth":102,"text":157650},{"id":157852,"depth":102,"text":157853},{"id":76257,"depth":102,"text":76258,"children":159846},[159847,159849,159850,159851,159852],{"id":158010,"depth":132,"text":159848},"Get the first n items",{"id":158089,"depth":132,"text":158090},{"id":158167,"depth":132,"text":158168},{"id":158249,"depth":132,"text":158250},{"id":158331,"depth":132,"text":158332},{"id":76551,"depth":102,"text":76552,"children":159854},[159855,159856],{"id":158426,"depth":132,"text":158427},{"id":158510,"depth":132,"text":158511},{"id":158599,"depth":102,"text":158600},{"id":158851,"depth":102,"text":158852,"children":159859},[159860,159861,159862],{"id":158860,"depth":132,"text":158861},{"id":158976,"depth":132,"text":158977},{"id":159084,"depth":132,"text":159085},{"id":159150,"depth":102,"text":159151},{"id":77384,"depth":102,"text":15633,"children":159865},[159866,159867,159868],{"id":159367,"depth":132,"text":159368},{"id":159452,"depth":132,"text":159453},{"id":159549,"depth":132,"text":159550},{"id":113968,"depth":102,"text":113969},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":159871},[159872,159873,159874,159876],{"id":159782,"depth":132,"text":159783},{"id":159789,"depth":132,"text":159790},{"id":159796,"depth":132,"text":159875},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159804,"depth":132,"text":159877},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157493,"description":159879},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159886,"title":159887,"body":159888,"description":161711,"extension":2465,"meta":161712,"navigation":169,"path":35036,"seo":161713,"stem":161714,"__hash__":161715},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159889,"toc":161677},[159890,159895,159900,159904,159922,159925,159940,159946,159948,160005,160007,160039,160051,160057,160062,160065,160100,160106,160108,160111,160125,160128,160130,160153,160155,160173,160176,160192,160194,160197,160310,160312,160401,160404,160409,160415,160418,160421,160520,160522,160581,160586,160589,160658,160662,160694,160710,160715,160722,160729,160741,160743,160792,160794,160817,160823,160871,160876,160883,160891,160897,160900,160924,160927,160929,161005,161007,161032,161038,161041,161046,161050,161064,161066,161129,161131,161163,161166,161182,161184,161190,161197,161199,161218,161220,161238,161245,161250,161257,161259,161296,161299,161306,161310,161313,161371,161374,161377,161432,161434,161446,161452,161454,161458,161491,161498,161500,161563,161566,161568,161573,161587,161594,161602,161611,161620,161626,161632,161634,161674],[10,159891,4083,159893,4087],{"id":159892},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159894,2806],{},[20,159896,32543,159897,159899],{},[15,159898,2806],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159901,63008,159902,104813],{},[15,159903,2806],{},[252,159905,159906,159909,159912,159915],{},[255,159907,159908],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[255,159910,159911],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[255,159913,159914],{},"debug confusing code",[255,159916,159917,159918],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[625,159919,159920],{"href":8714},[15,159921,3464],{},[20,159923,159924],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[35,159926,159928],{"className":37,"code":159927,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"type(object)\n",[15,159929,159930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159931,159932,159934,159936,159938],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159933,2249],{"class":2248},[44,159935,120],{"class":58},[44,159937,42633],{"class":2248},[44,159939,129],{"class":58},[20,159941,159942,159943,159945],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159944,2806],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[30,159947,33],{"id":32},[35,159949,159951],{"className":37,"code":159950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159952,159953,159965,159979,159983,159991],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159954,159955,159957,159959,159961,159963],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159956,8372],{"class":50},[44,159958,55],{"class":54},[44,159960,75],{"class":62},[44,159962,5505],{"class":66},[44,159964,3865],{"class":62},[44,159966,159967,159969,159971,159973,159975,159977],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159968,136],{"class":135},[44,159970,120],{"class":58},[44,159972,2249],{"class":2248},[44,159974,120],{"class":58},[44,159976,67],{"class":116},[44,159978,2239],{"class":58},[44,159980,159981],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,159982,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,159984,159985,159987,159989],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,159986,2723],{"class":50},[44,159988,55],{"class":54},[44,159990,3091],{"class":95},[44,159992,159993,159995,159997,159999,160001,160003],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,159994,136],{"class":135},[44,159996,120],{"class":58},[44,159998,2249],{"class":2248},[44,160000,120],{"class":58},[44,160002,2744],{"class":116},[44,160004,2239],{"class":58},[20,160006,2576],{},[35,160008,160009],{"className":37,"code":125316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160010,160011,160025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160012,160013,160015,160017,160019,160021,160023],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160014,3797],{"class":54},[44,160016,3800],{"class":2570},[44,160018,2232],{"class":62},[44,160020,3950],{"class":66},[44,160022,2197],{"class":62},[44,160024,3809],{"class":54},[44,160026,160027,160029,160031,160033,160035,160037],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160028,3797],{"class":54},[44,160030,3800],{"class":2570},[44,160032,2232],{"class":62},[44,160034,2694],{"class":66},[44,160036,2197],{"class":62},[44,160038,3809],{"class":54},[20,160040,227,160041,160044,160045,976,160048,113],{},[15,160042,160043],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,160046,160047],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,160049,160050],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[30,160052,13459,160054,160056],{"id":160053},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,160055,2806],{}," function does",[20,160058,160059,160061],{},[15,160060,2806],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,160063,160064],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[252,160066,160067,160072,160077,160082,160087,160092],{},[255,160068,160069,160071],{},[15,160070,3950],{}," for text",[255,160073,160074,160076],{},[15,160075,2694],{}," for whole numbers",[255,160078,160079,160081],{},[15,160080,2698],{}," for decimal numbers",[255,160083,160084,160086],{},[15,160085,8588],{}," for lists",[255,160088,160089,160091],{},[15,160090,9317],{}," for dictionaries",[255,160093,160094,69337,160096,976,160098],{},[15,160095,4370],{},[15,160097,4112],{},[15,160099,4178],{},[20,160101,160102,160103,160105],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,160104,2806],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[30,160107,392],{"id":391},[20,160109,160110],{},"The main beginner form is:",[35,160112,160113],{"className":37,"code":159927,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160114,160115],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160116,160117,160119,160121,160123],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160118,2249],{"class":2248},[44,160120,120],{"class":58},[44,160122,42633],{"class":2248},[44,160124,129],{"class":58},[20,160126,160127],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,160129,269],{},[35,160131,160133],{"className":37,"code":160132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,160134,160135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160136,160137,160139,160141,160143,160145,160147,160149,160151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160138,136],{"class":135},[44,160140,120],{"class":58},[44,160142,2249],{"class":2248},[44,160144,120],{"class":58},[44,160146,63],{"class":62},[44,160148,4349],{"class":66},[44,160150,63],{"class":62},[44,160152,2239],{"class":58},[20,160154,2576],{},[35,160156,160157],{"className":37,"code":46006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160158,160159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160160,160161,160163,160165,160167,160169,160171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160162,3797],{"class":54},[44,160164,3800],{"class":2570},[44,160166,2232],{"class":62},[44,160168,3950],{"class":66},[44,160170,2197],{"class":62},[44,160172,3809],{"class":54},[20,160174,160175],{},"You can pass either:",[252,160177,160178,160185],{},[255,160179,160180,160181,3384,160183],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,160182,64776],{},[15,160184,46762],{},[255,160186,160187,160188,3384,160190],{},"a variable such as ",[15,160189,67],{},[15,160191,88],{},[30,160193,122128],{"id":122127},[20,160195,160196],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[35,160198,160200],{"className":37,"code":160199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,160201,160202,160220,160234,160248,160270,160296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160203,160204,160206,160208,160210,160212,160214,160216,160218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160205,136],{"class":135},[44,160207,120],{"class":58},[44,160209,2249],{"class":2248},[44,160211,120],{"class":58},[44,160213,63],{"class":62},[44,160215,4349],{"class":66},[44,160217,63],{"class":62},[44,160219,2239],{"class":58},[44,160221,160222,160224,160226,160228,160230,160232],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160223,136],{"class":135},[44,160225,120],{"class":58},[44,160227,2249],{"class":2248},[44,160229,120],{"class":58},[44,160231,1559],{"class":95},[44,160233,2239],{"class":58},[44,160235,160236,160238,160240,160242,160244,160246],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,160237,136],{"class":135},[44,160239,120],{"class":58},[44,160241,2249],{"class":2248},[44,160243,120],{"class":58},[44,160245,40376],{"class":95},[44,160247,2239],{"class":58},[44,160249,160250,160252,160254,160256,160258,160260,160262,160264,160266,160268],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,160251,136],{"class":135},[44,160253,120],{"class":58},[44,160255,2249],{"class":2248},[44,160257,3492],{"class":58},[44,160259,1588],{"class":95},[44,160261,83],{"class":58},[44,160263,1717],{"class":95},[44,160265,83],{"class":58},[44,160267,2955],{"class":95},[44,160269,3505],{"class":58},[44,160271,160272,160274,160276,160278,160280,160282,160284,160286,160288,160290,160292,160294],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,160273,136],{"class":135},[44,160275,120],{"class":58},[44,160277,2249],{"class":2248},[44,160279,6030],{"class":58},[44,160281,63],{"class":62},[44,160283,67],{"class":66},[44,160285,63],{"class":62},[44,160287,72],{"class":58},[44,160289,75],{"class":62},[44,160291,5505],{"class":66},[44,160293,63],{"class":62},[44,160295,6039],{"class":58},[44,160297,160298,160300,160302,160304,160306,160308],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,160299,136],{"class":135},[44,160301,120],{"class":58},[44,160303,2249],{"class":2248},[44,160305,120],{"class":58},[44,160307,4112],{"class":1266},[44,160309,2239],{"class":58},[20,160311,2576],{},[35,160313,160315],{"className":37,"code":160314,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160316,160317,160331,160345,160359,160373,160387],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160318,160319,160321,160323,160325,160327,160329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160320,3797],{"class":54},[44,160322,3800],{"class":2570},[44,160324,2232],{"class":62},[44,160326,3950],{"class":66},[44,160328,2197],{"class":62},[44,160330,3809],{"class":54},[44,160332,160333,160335,160337,160339,160341,160343],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160334,3797],{"class":54},[44,160336,3800],{"class":2570},[44,160338,2232],{"class":62},[44,160340,2694],{"class":66},[44,160342,2197],{"class":62},[44,160344,3809],{"class":54},[44,160346,160347,160349,160351,160353,160355,160357],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,160348,3797],{"class":54},[44,160350,3800],{"class":2570},[44,160352,2232],{"class":62},[44,160354,2698],{"class":66},[44,160356,2197],{"class":62},[44,160358,3809],{"class":54},[44,160360,160361,160363,160365,160367,160369,160371],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,160362,3797],{"class":54},[44,160364,3800],{"class":2570},[44,160366,2232],{"class":62},[44,160368,8588],{"class":66},[44,160370,2197],{"class":62},[44,160372,3809],{"class":54},[44,160374,160375,160377,160379,160381,160383,160385],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,160376,3797],{"class":54},[44,160378,3800],{"class":2570},[44,160380,2232],{"class":62},[44,160382,9317],{"class":66},[44,160384,2197],{"class":62},[44,160386,3809],{"class":54},[44,160388,160389,160391,160393,160395,160397,160399],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,160390,3797],{"class":54},[44,160392,3800],{"class":2570},[44,160394,2232],{"class":62},[44,160396,4370],{"class":66},[44,160398,2197],{"class":62},[44,160400,3809],{"class":54},[20,160402,160403],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160405,160406,160407,113],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[625,160408,45033],{"href":49215},[30,160410,1785,160412,160414],{"id":160411},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160413,2806],{}," with variables",[20,160416,160417],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160419,160420],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[35,160422,160424],{"className":37,"code":160423,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160425,160426,160434,160452,160456,160468,160486,160490,160502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160427,160428,160430,160432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160429,1244],{"class":50},[44,160431,55],{"class":54},[44,160433,3091],{"class":95},[44,160435,160436,160438,160440,160442,160444,160446,160448,160450],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160437,136],{"class":135},[44,160439,120],{"class":58},[44,160441,1282],{"class":116},[44,160443,83],{"class":58},[44,160445,49627],{"class":2248},[44,160447,120],{"class":58},[44,160449,1282],{"class":116},[44,160451,2239],{"class":58},[44,160453,160454],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,160455,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,160457,160458,160460,160462,160464,160466],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,160459,1244],{"class":50},[44,160461,55],{"class":54},[44,160463,75],{"class":62},[44,160465,46143],{"class":66},[44,160467,3865],{"class":62},[44,160469,160470,160472,160474,160476,160478,160480,160482,160484],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,160471,136],{"class":135},[44,160473,120],{"class":58},[44,160475,1282],{"class":116},[44,160477,83],{"class":58},[44,160479,49627],{"class":2248},[44,160481,120],{"class":58},[44,160483,1282],{"class":116},[44,160485,2239],{"class":58},[44,160487,160488],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,160489,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,160491,160492,160494,160496,160498,160500],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,160493,1244],{"class":50},[44,160495,55],{"class":54},[44,160497,1556],{"class":58},[44,160499,1559],{"class":95},[44,160501,1153],{"class":58},[44,160503,160504,160506,160508,160510,160512,160514,160516,160518],{"class":46,"line":213},[44,160505,136],{"class":135},[44,160507,120],{"class":58},[44,160509,1282],{"class":116},[44,160511,83],{"class":58},[44,160513,49627],{"class":2248},[44,160515,120],{"class":58},[44,160517,1282],{"class":116},[44,160519,2239],{"class":58},[20,160521,2576],{},[35,160523,160525],{"className":37,"code":160524,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160526,160527,160544,160561],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160528,160529,160531,160534,160536,160538,160540,160542],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160530,1559],{"class":95},[44,160532,160533],{"class":54}," \u003C",[44,160535,3800],{"class":2570},[44,160537,2232],{"class":62},[44,160539,2694],{"class":66},[44,160541,2197],{"class":62},[44,160543,3809],{"class":54},[44,160545,160546,160549,160551,160553,160555,160557,160559],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160547,160548],{"class":50},"ten ",[44,160550,3797],{"class":54},[44,160552,3800],{"class":2570},[44,160554,2232],{"class":62},[44,160556,3950],{"class":66},[44,160558,2197],{"class":62},[44,160560,3809],{"class":54},[44,160562,160563,160565,160567,160569,160571,160573,160575,160577,160579],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,160564,896],{"class":58},[44,160566,1559],{"class":95},[44,160568,905],{"class":58},[44,160570,160533],{"class":54},[44,160572,3800],{"class":2570},[44,160574,2232],{"class":62},[44,160576,8588],{"class":66},[44,160578,2197],{"class":62},[44,160580,3809],{"class":54},[20,160582,160583,160585],{},[15,160584,2806],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160587,160588],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[35,160590,160592],{"className":37,"code":160591,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160593,160594,160612,160626,160630,160644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160595,160596,160598,160600,160602,160604,160606,160608,160610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160597,3898],{"class":50},[44,160599,55],{"class":54},[44,160601,8737],{"class":135},[44,160603,120],{"class":58},[44,160605,63],{"class":62},[44,160607,42105],{"class":66},[44,160609,63],{"class":62},[44,160611,129],{"class":58},[44,160613,160614,160616,160618,160620,160622,160624],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160615,136],{"class":135},[44,160617,120],{"class":58},[44,160619,2249],{"class":2248},[44,160621,120],{"class":58},[44,160623,3924],{"class":116},[44,160625,2239],{"class":58},[44,160627,160628],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,160629,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,160631,160632,160634,160636,160638,160640,160642],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,160633,123240],{"class":50},[44,160635,55],{"class":54},[44,160637,45512],{"class":2248},[44,160639,120],{"class":58},[44,160641,3924],{"class":116},[44,160643,129],{"class":58},[44,160645,160646,160648,160650,160652,160654,160656],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,160647,136],{"class":135},[44,160649,120],{"class":58},[44,160651,2249],{"class":2248},[44,160653,120],{"class":58},[44,160655,123263],{"class":116},[44,160657,2239],{"class":58},[20,160659,41354,160660,41358],{},[15,160661,9686],{},[35,160663,160664],{"className":37,"code":125316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160665,160666,160680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160667,160668,160670,160672,160674,160676,160678],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160669,3797],{"class":54},[44,160671,3800],{"class":2570},[44,160673,2232],{"class":62},[44,160675,3950],{"class":66},[44,160677,2197],{"class":62},[44,160679,3809],{"class":54},[44,160681,160682,160684,160686,160688,160690,160692],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160683,3797],{"class":54},[44,160685,3800],{"class":2570},[44,160687,2232],{"class":62},[44,160689,2694],{"class":66},[44,160691,2197],{"class":62},[44,160693,3809],{"class":54},[20,160695,45939,160696,160700,160701,3384,160705,160709],{},[625,160697,160698],{"href":8714},[15,160699,3464],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[625,160702,160703],{"href":3380},[15,160704,3383],{},[625,160706,160707],{"href":3387},[15,160708,3390],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160711,160712,160713,113],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[625,160714,9474],{"href":9473},[30,160716,160718,967,160720],{"id":160717},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160719,2806],{},[15,160721,45041],{},[20,160723,160724,976,160726,160728],{},[15,160725,2806],{},[15,160727,45041],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[252,160730,160731,160736],{},[255,160732,160733,160735],{},[15,160734,2806],{}," tells you the exact type",[255,160737,160738,160740],{},[15,160739,45041],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160742,269],{},[35,160744,160746],{"className":37,"code":160745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160747,160748,160756,160760,160774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160749,160750,160752,160754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160751,1244],{"class":50},[44,160753,55],{"class":54},[44,160755,35070],{"class":95},[44,160757,160758],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160759,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,160761,160762,160764,160766,160768,160770,160772],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,160763,136],{"class":135},[44,160765,120],{"class":58},[44,160767,2249],{"class":2248},[44,160769,120],{"class":58},[44,160771,1282],{"class":116},[44,160773,2239],{"class":58},[44,160775,160776,160778,160780,160782,160784,160786,160788,160790],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,160777,136],{"class":135},[44,160779,120],{"class":58},[44,160781,49112],{"class":135},[44,160783,120],{"class":58},[44,160785,1282],{"class":116},[44,160787,83],{"class":58},[44,160789,45512],{"class":2248},[44,160791,2239],{"class":58},[20,160793,2576],{},[35,160795,160797],{"className":37,"code":160796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160798,160799,160813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160800,160801,160803,160805,160807,160809,160811],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160802,3797],{"class":54},[44,160804,3800],{"class":2570},[44,160806,2232],{"class":62},[44,160808,2694],{"class":66},[44,160810,2197],{"class":62},[44,160812,3809],{"class":54},[44,160814,160815],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160816,4482],{"class":1266},[20,160818,160819,160820,160822],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160821,45041],{}," is more practical.",[35,160824,160826],{"className":37,"code":160825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160827,160828,160836,160840,160856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160829,160830,160832,160834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160831,1244],{"class":50},[44,160833,55],{"class":54},[44,160835,35070],{"class":95},[44,160837,160838],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160839,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,160841,160842,160844,160846,160848,160850,160852,160854],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,160843,1345],{"class":1140},[44,160845,49850],{"class":135},[44,160847,120],{"class":58},[44,160849,1282],{"class":116},[44,160851,83],{"class":58},[44,160853,45512],{"class":2248},[44,160855,8837],{"class":58},[44,160857,160858,160860,160862,160864,160867,160869],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,160859,1387],{"class":135},[44,160861,120],{"class":58},[44,160863,63],{"class":62},[44,160865,160866],{"class":66},"This is an integer",[44,160868,63],{"class":62},[44,160870,129],{"class":58},[20,160872,227,160873,160875],{},[15,160874,2806],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160877,227,160878,160880,160881,7669],{},[15,160879,45041],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160882,1345],{},[20,160884,160885,160886,113],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[625,160887,4083,160889,4016],{"href":160888},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160890,45041],{},[30,160892,160894,160895],{"id":160893},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160896,2806],{},[20,160898,160899],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[35,160901,160903],{"className":37,"code":160902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160904,160905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160906,160907,160909,160911,160913,160915,160918,160920,160922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160908,2249],{"class":2248},[44,160910,120],{"class":58},[44,160912,67],{"class":116},[44,160914,83],{"class":58},[44,160916,160917],{"class":116}," bases",[44,160919,83],{"class":58},[44,160921,9663],{"class":2248},[44,160923,129],{"class":58},[20,160925,160926],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160928,269],{},[35,160930,160932],{"className":37,"code":160931,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160933,160934,160977,160981,160991],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160935,160936,160939,160941,160943,160945,160947,160950,160952,160954,160957,160959,160961,160964,160966,160968,160970,160973,160975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160937,160938],{"class":50},"Person ",[44,160940,55],{"class":54},[44,160942,49627],{"class":2248},[44,160944,120],{"class":58},[44,160946,63],{"class":62},[44,160948,160949],{"class":66},"Person",[44,160951,63],{"class":62},[44,160953,83],{"class":58},[44,160955,160956],{"class":58}," (),",[44,160958,59],{"class":58},[44,160960,63],{"class":62},[44,160962,160963],{"class":66},"species",[44,160965,63],{"class":62},[44,160967,72],{"class":58},[44,160969,75],{"class":62},[44,160971,160972],{"class":66},"human",[44,160974,63],{"class":62},[44,160976,30721],{"class":58},[44,160978,160979],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160980,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,160982,160983,160985,160987,160989],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,160984,136],{"class":135},[44,160986,120],{"class":58},[44,160988,160949],{"class":116},[44,160990,129],{"class":58},[44,160992,160993,160995,160997,160999,161001,161003],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,160994,136],{"class":135},[44,160996,120],{"class":58},[44,160998,160949],{"class":116},[44,161000,113],{"class":58},[44,161002,160963],{"class":25189},[44,161004,129],{"class":58},[20,161006,2576],{},[35,161008,161010],{"className":37,"code":161009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,161011,161012,161027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161013,161014,161016,161018,161020,161023,161025],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161015,3797],{"class":54},[44,161017,3800],{"class":2570},[44,161019,2232],{"class":62},[44,161021,161022],{"class":66},"__main__.Person",[44,161024,2197],{"class":62},[44,161026,3809],{"class":54},[44,161028,161029],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161030,161031],{"class":50},"human\n",[20,161033,161034,161035,161037],{},"Most beginners do ",[590,161036,592],{}," need this form.",[20,161039,161040],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[30,161042,769,161044],{"id":161043},"when-to-use-type",[15,161045,2806],{},[20,161047,161048,12917],{},[15,161049,2806],{},[252,161051,161052,161055,161058,161061],{},[255,161053,161054],{},"debug unexpected values",[255,161056,161057],{},"check what a conversion produced",[255,161059,161060],{},"learn Python data types",[255,161062,161063],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,161065,5973],{},[35,161067,161069],{"className":37,"code":161068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,161070,161071,161083,161097,161101,161115],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161072,161073,161075,161077,161079,161081],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161074,34915],{"class":50},[44,161076,55],{"class":54},[44,161078,75],{"class":62},[44,161080,50483],{"class":66},[44,161082,3865],{"class":62},[44,161084,161085,161087,161089,161091,161093,161095],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161086,2723],{"class":50},[44,161088,55],{"class":54},[44,161090,45512],{"class":2248},[44,161092,120],{"class":58},[44,161094,34936],{"class":116},[44,161096,129],{"class":58},[44,161098,161099],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,161100,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,161102,161103,161105,161107,161109,161111,161113],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,161104,136],{"class":135},[44,161106,120],{"class":58},[44,161108,2249],{"class":2248},[44,161110,120],{"class":58},[44,161112,34936],{"class":116},[44,161114,2239],{"class":58},[44,161116,161117,161119,161121,161123,161125,161127],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,161118,136],{"class":135},[44,161120,120],{"class":58},[44,161122,2249],{"class":2248},[44,161124,120],{"class":58},[44,161126,2744],{"class":116},[44,161128,2239],{"class":58},[20,161130,2576],{},[35,161132,161133],{"className":37,"code":125316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,161134,161135,161149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161136,161137,161139,161141,161143,161145,161147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161138,3797],{"class":54},[44,161140,3800],{"class":2570},[44,161142,2232],{"class":62},[44,161144,3950],{"class":66},[44,161146,2197],{"class":62},[44,161148,3809],{"class":54},[44,161150,161151,161153,161155,161157,161159,161161],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161152,3797],{"class":54},[44,161154,3800],{"class":2570},[44,161156,2232],{"class":62},[44,161158,2694],{"class":66},[44,161160,2197],{"class":62},[44,161162,3809],{"class":54},[20,161164,161165],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,161167,161168,161169,2695,161173,17526,161177,161181],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[625,161170,161171],{"href":42409},[15,161172,47920],{},[625,161174,161175],{"href":3380},[15,161176,3383],{},[625,161178,161179],{"href":3387},[15,161180,3390],{}," are often the next step.",[30,161183,25794],{"id":25793},[20,161185,161186,161187,161189],{},"A few things about ",[15,161188,2806],{}," often confuse beginners.",[981,161191,161193,161196],{"id":161192},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,161194,161195],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,161198,64885],{},[35,161200,161202],{"className":37,"code":161201,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(5))\n",[15,161203,161204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161205,161206,161208,161210,161212,161214,161216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161207,136],{"class":135},[44,161209,120],{"class":58},[44,161211,2249],{"class":2248},[44,161213,120],{"class":58},[44,161215,2643],{"class":95},[44,161217,2239],{"class":58},[20,161219,123159],{},[35,161221,161222],{"className":37,"code":156671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,161223,161224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161225,161226,161228,161230,161232,161234,161236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161227,3797],{"class":54},[44,161229,3800],{"class":2570},[44,161231,2232],{"class":62},[44,161233,2694],{"class":66},[44,161235,2197],{"class":62},[44,161237,3809],{"class":54},[20,161239,41139,161240,161242,161243,113],{},[590,161241,592],{}," print just ",[15,161244,2694],{},[20,161246,7174,161247,161249],{},[15,161248,2806],{}," returns a class object.",[981,161251,161253,2901,161255],{"id":161252},"input-returns-str",[15,161254,3464],{},[15,161256,3950],{},[20,161258,79784],{},[35,161260,161262],{"className":37,"code":161261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,161263,161264,161282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161265,161266,161268,161270,161272,161274,161276,161278,161280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161267,1244],{"class":50},[44,161269,55],{"class":54},[44,161271,8737],{"class":135},[44,161273,120],{"class":58},[44,161275,63],{"class":62},[44,161277,46546],{"class":66},[44,161279,63],{"class":62},[44,161281,129],{"class":58},[44,161283,161284,161286,161288,161290,161292,161294],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161285,136],{"class":135},[44,161287,120],{"class":58},[44,161289,2249],{"class":2248},[44,161291,120],{"class":58},[44,161293,1282],{"class":116},[44,161295,2239],{"class":58},[20,161297,161298],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,161300,161301,161302,3384,161304,113],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,161303,3383],{},[15,161305,3390],{},[981,161307,161309],{"id":161308},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161311,161312],{},"Avoid code like this:",[35,161314,161316],{"className":37,"code":161315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161317,161318,161326,161330,161356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161319,161320,161322,161324],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161321,1244],{"class":50},[44,161323,55],{"class":54},[44,161325,35070],{"class":95},[44,161327,161328],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161329,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,161331,161332,161334,161336,161338,161340,161342,161344,161346,161348,161350,161352,161354],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,161333,1345],{"class":1140},[44,161335,49141],{"class":2248},[44,161337,120],{"class":58},[44,161339,2249],{"class":2248},[44,161341,120],{"class":58},[44,161343,1282],{"class":116},[44,161345,532],{"class":58},[44,161347,6909],{"class":54},[44,161349,75],{"class":62},[44,161351,160050],{"class":66},[44,161353,63],{"class":62},[44,161355,1359],{"class":58},[44,161357,161358,161360,161362,161364,161367,161369],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,161359,1387],{"class":135},[44,161361,120],{"class":58},[44,161363,63],{"class":62},[44,161365,161366],{"class":66},"It is an int",[44,161368,63],{"class":62},[44,161370,129],{"class":58},[20,161372,161373],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161375,161376],{},"Better options:",[35,161378,161380],{"className":37,"code":161379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161381,161382,161390,161394,161414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161383,161384,161386,161388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161385,1244],{"class":50},[44,161387,55],{"class":54},[44,161389,35070],{"class":95},[44,161391,161392],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161393,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,161395,161396,161398,161400,161402,161404,161406,161408,161410,161412],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,161397,136],{"class":135},[44,161399,120],{"class":58},[44,161401,2249],{"class":2248},[44,161403,120],{"class":58},[44,161405,1282],{"class":116},[44,161407,144],{"class":58},[44,161409,6909],{"class":54},[44,161411,45512],{"class":2248},[44,161413,129],{"class":58},[44,161415,161416,161418,161420,161422,161424,161426,161428,161430],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,161417,136],{"class":135},[44,161419,120],{"class":58},[44,161421,49112],{"class":135},[44,161423,120],{"class":58},[44,161425,1282],{"class":116},[44,161427,83],{"class":58},[44,161429,45512],{"class":2248},[44,161431,2239],{"class":58},[20,161433,2576],{},[35,161435,161436],{"className":37,"code":5009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,161437,161438,161442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161439,161440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161441,4482],{"class":1266},[44,161443,161444],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161445,4482],{"class":1266},[20,161447,161448,161449,161451],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161450,45041],{}," is the more useful check.",[30,161453,3335],{"id":3334},[20,161455,15191,161456,72],{},[15,161457,2806],{},[252,161459,161460,161470,161479,161488],{},[255,161461,1785,161462,161464,161465,161469],{},[15,161463,2806],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[625,161466,161467],{"href":8714},[15,161468,3464],{}," always returns a string",[255,161471,1904,161472,161474,161475,2037,161477],{},[15,161473,2806],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161476,2694],{},[15,161478,160050],{},[255,161480,1785,161481,44865,161484,161487],{},[15,161482,161483],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161485,161486],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[255,161489,161490],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161492,161493,161494,113],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[625,161495,161497],{"href":161496},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161499,144825],{},[35,161501,161503],{"className":37,"code":161502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161504,161505,161519,161529,161543,161553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161506,161507,161509,161511,161513,161515,161517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161508,136],{"class":135},[44,161510,120],{"class":58},[44,161512,2249],{"class":2248},[44,161514,120],{"class":58},[44,161516,1282],{"class":116},[44,161518,2239],{"class":58},[44,161520,161521,161523,161525,161527],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161522,136],{"class":135},[44,161524,120],{"class":58},[44,161526,1282],{"class":116},[44,161528,129],{"class":58},[44,161530,161531,161533,161535,161537,161539,161541],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,161532,136],{"class":135},[44,161534,120],{"class":58},[44,161536,42013],{"class":135},[44,161538,120],{"class":58},[44,161540,1282],{"class":116},[44,161542,2239],{"class":58},[44,161544,161545,161547,161549,161551],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,161546,32378],{"class":135},[44,161548,120],{"class":58},[44,161550,2249],{"class":2248},[44,161552,129],{"class":58},[44,161554,161555,161557,161559,161561],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,161556,34599],{"class":135},[44,161558,120],{"class":58},[44,161560,1282],{"class":116},[44,161562,129],{"class":58},[20,161564,161565],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[30,161567,2301],{"id":2300},[981,161569,5643,161571,5646],{"id":161570},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161572,2806],{},[20,161574,161575,161576,2695,161578,2695,161580,2699,161582,161584,161585,113],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161577,3950],{},[15,161579,2694],{},[15,161581,8588],{},[15,161583,9317],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161586,160047],{},[981,161588,15359,161590,57445,161592,2363],{"id":161589},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161591,2806],{},[15,161593,45041],{},[20,161595,46601,161596,161598,161599,161601],{},[15,161597,2806],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161600,45041],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[981,161603,5659,161605,161608,161609,2363],{"id":161604},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161606,161607],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161610,3950],{},[20,161612,29285,161613,161615,161616,3384,161618,160709],{},[15,161614,3464],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161617,3383],{},[15,161619,3390],{},[981,161621,5671,161623,161625],{"id":161622},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161624,2806],{}," create classes?",[20,161627,161628,161629,113],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161630,161631],{},"type(object)",[30,161633,2375],{"id":2374},[252,161635,161636,161640,161646,161652,161656,161662,161668],{},[255,161637,161638],{},[625,161639,45033],{"href":49215},[255,161641,161642],{},[625,161643,4083,161644,4016],{"href":160888},[15,161645,45041],{},[255,161647,161648],{},[625,161649,4083,161650,4016],{"href":8714},[15,161651,3464],{},[255,161653,161654],{},[625,161655,9551],{"href":9473},[255,161657,161658],{},[625,161659,4083,161660,4016],{"href":3380},[15,161661,3383],{},[255,161663,161664],{},[625,161665,4083,161666,4016],{"href":3387},[15,161667,3390],{},[255,161669,161670],{},[625,161671,4083,161672,4016],{"href":42409},[15,161673,47920],{},[2414,161675,161676],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":161678},[161679,161680,161682,161683,161684,161686,161688,161690,161692,161699,161700,161710],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":160053,"depth":102,"text":161681},"What the type() function does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":122127,"depth":102,"text":122128},{"id":160411,"depth":102,"text":161685},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160717,"depth":102,"text":161687},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160893,"depth":102,"text":161689},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":161043,"depth":102,"text":161691},"When to use type()",{"id":25793,"depth":102,"text":25794,"children":161693},[161694,161696,161698],{"id":161192,"depth":132,"text":161695},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161252,"depth":132,"text":161697},"input() returns str",{"id":161308,"depth":132,"text":161309},{"id":3334,"depth":102,"text":3335},{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":161701},[161702,161704,161706,161708],{"id":161570,"depth":132,"text":161703},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161589,"depth":132,"text":161705},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161604,"depth":132,"text":161707},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161622,"depth":132,"text":161709},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159887,"description":161711},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161717,"title":161718,"body":161719,"description":164198,"extension":2465,"meta":164199,"navigation":169,"path":164200,"seo":164201,"stem":164202,"__hash__":164203},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161720,"toc":164155},[161721,161726,161731,161740,161742,161842,161844,161869,161874,161879,161895,161898,161900,161902,161927,161930,161933,162016,162018,162067,162070,162192,162194,162267,162271,162274,162388,162390,162416,162418,162439,162444,162448,162453,162456,162560,162562,162579,162588,162591,162678,162680,162691,162696,162702,162707,162713,162716,162809,162811,162860,162866,162869,162970,162972,163025,163030,163034,163037,163136,163138,163177,163180,163185,163187,163192,163196,163309,163313,163410,163414,163502,163504,163521,163525,163648,163654,163660,163666,163671,163674,163701,163705,163707,163801,163804,163808,163811,163898,163901,163936,163938,163975,163978,163986,163991,163996,164070,164077,164079,164084,164087,164093,164096,164102,164107,164113,164118,164122,164125,164127,164152],[10,161722,4083,161724,4087],{"id":161723},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161725,64561],{},[20,161727,161728,161730],{},[15,161729,64561],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161732,161733,161734,161736,161737,161739],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161735,64561],{}," inside a ",[15,161738,6459],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[30,161741,2507],{"id":2506},[35,161743,161745],{"className":37,"code":161744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161746,161747,161779,161799,161803,161828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161748,161749,161751,161753,161755,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161750,5496],{"class":50},[44,161752,55],{"class":54},[44,161754,1556],{"class":58},[44,161756,63],{"class":62},[44,161758,78],{"class":66},[44,161760,63],{"class":62},[44,161762,83],{"class":58},[44,161764,75],{"class":62},[44,161766,36170],{"class":66},[44,161768,63],{"class":62},[44,161770,83],{"class":58},[44,161772,75],{"class":62},[44,161774,36179],{"class":66},[44,161776,63],{"class":62},[44,161778,1153],{"class":58},[44,161780,161781,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793,161795,161797],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161782,472],{"class":50},[44,161784,55],{"class":54},[44,161786,1556],{"class":58},[44,161788,13962],{"class":95},[44,161790,83],{"class":58},[44,161792,502],{"class":95},[44,161794,83],{"class":58},[44,161796,29144],{"class":95},[44,161798,1153],{"class":58},[44,161800,161801],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,161802,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,161804,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,161806,6459],{"class":1140},[44,161808,36221],{"class":50},[44,161810,83],{"class":58},[44,161812,5606],{"class":50},[44,161814,4385],{"class":1140},[44,161816,161817],{"class":135}," zip",[44,161819,120],{"class":58},[44,161821,5540],{"class":116},[44,161823,83],{"class":58},[44,161825,5611],{"class":116},[44,161827,8837],{"class":58},[44,161829,161830,161832,161834,161836,161838,161840],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,161831,1387],{"class":135},[44,161833,120],{"class":58},[44,161835,67],{"class":116},[44,161837,83],{"class":58},[44,161839,131105],{"class":116},[44,161841,129],{"class":58},[20,161843,2576],{},[35,161845,161847],{"className":37,"code":161846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161848,161849,161855,161862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161850,161851,161853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161852,134124],{"class":50},[44,161854,33362],{"class":95},[44,161856,161857,161860],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161858,161859],{"class":50},"Ben ",[44,161861,33367],{"class":95},[44,161863,161864,161867],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,161865,161866],{"class":50},"Cara ",[44,161868,33372],{"class":95},[20,161870,227,161871,161873],{},[15,161872,64561],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[30,161875,243,161877,246],{"id":161876},"what-zip-does",[15,161878,64561],{},[252,161880,161881,161886,161889,161892],{},[255,161882,161883,161885],{},[15,161884,64561],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[255,161887,161888],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[255,161890,161891],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[255,161893,161894],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161896,161897],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[30,161899,392],{"id":391},[20,161901,7714],{},[35,161903,161905],{"className":37,"code":161904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161906,161907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161908,161909,161911,161913,161916,161918,161921,161923,161925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161910,64631],{"class":135},[44,161912,120],{"class":58},[44,161914,161915],{"class":116},"iterable1",[44,161917,83],{"class":58},[44,161919,161920],{"class":116}," iterable2",[44,161922,83],{"class":58},[44,161924,34681],{"class":135},[44,161926,129],{"class":58},[20,161928,161929],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161931,161932],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[35,161934,161936],{"className":37,"code":161935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161937,161938,161958,161990,161994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161939,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161941,1551],{"class":50},[44,161943,55],{"class":54},[44,161945,1556],{"class":58},[44,161947,1588],{"class":95},[44,161949,83],{"class":58},[44,161951,1717],{"class":95},[44,161953,83],{"class":58},[44,161955,2955],{"class":95},[44,161957,1153],{"class":58},[44,161959,161960,161962,161964,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974,161976,161978,161980,161982,161984,161986,161988],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161961,36320],{"class":50},[44,161963,55],{"class":54},[44,161965,1556],{"class":58},[44,161967,63],{"class":62},[44,161969,625],{"class":66},[44,161971,63],{"class":62},[44,161973,83],{"class":58},[44,161975,75],{"class":62},[44,161977,639],{"class":66},[44,161979,63],{"class":62},[44,161981,83],{"class":58},[44,161983,75],{"class":62},[44,161985,696],{"class":66},[44,161987,63],{"class":62},[44,161989,1153],{"class":58},[44,161991,161992],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,161993,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,161995,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,161997,136],{"class":135},[44,161999,120],{"class":58},[44,162001,8588],{"class":2248},[44,162003,120],{"class":58},[44,162005,64631],{"class":135},[44,162007,120],{"class":58},[44,162009,1579],{"class":116},[44,162011,83],{"class":58},[44,162013,70338],{"class":116},[44,162015,3418],{"class":58},[20,162017,2576],{},[35,162019,162021],{"className":37,"code":162020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,162022,162023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162024,162025,162027,162029,162031,162033,162035,162037,162039,162041,162043,162045,162047,162049,162051,162053,162055,162057,162059,162061,162063,162065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162026,22178],{"class":58},[44,162028,1588],{"class":95},[44,162030,83],{"class":58},[44,162032,2232],{"class":62},[44,162034,625],{"class":66},[44,162036,2197],{"class":62},[44,162038,9725],{"class":58},[44,162040,9728],{"class":58},[44,162042,2561],{"class":95},[44,162044,83],{"class":58},[44,162046,2232],{"class":62},[44,162048,639],{"class":66},[44,162050,2197],{"class":62},[44,162052,9725],{"class":58},[44,162054,9728],{"class":58},[44,162056,2567],{"class":95},[44,162058,83],{"class":58},[44,162060,2232],{"class":62},[44,162062,696],{"class":66},[44,162064,2197],{"class":62},[44,162066,9741],{"class":58},[20,162068,162069],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[35,162071,162073],{"className":37,"code":162072,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,162074,162075,162107,162127,162161,162165],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162076,162077,162079,162081,162083,162085,162087,162089,162091,162093,162095,162097,162099,162101,162103,162105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162078,5496],{"class":50},[44,162080,55],{"class":54},[44,162082,1556],{"class":58},[44,162084,63],{"class":62},[44,162086,78],{"class":66},[44,162088,63],{"class":62},[44,162090,83],{"class":58},[44,162092,75],{"class":62},[44,162094,36170],{"class":66},[44,162096,63],{"class":62},[44,162098,83],{"class":58},[44,162100,75],{"class":62},[44,162102,36179],{"class":66},[44,162104,63],{"class":62},[44,162106,1153],{"class":58},[44,162108,162109,162111,162113,162115,162117,162119,162121,162123,162125],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162110,472],{"class":50},[44,162112,55],{"class":54},[44,162114,1556],{"class":58},[44,162116,13962],{"class":95},[44,162118,83],{"class":58},[44,162120,502],{"class":95},[44,162122,83],{"class":58},[44,162124,29144],{"class":95},[44,162126,1153],{"class":58},[44,162128,162129,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144,162146,162148,162150,162152,162154,162157,162159],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,162130,162131],{"class":50},"grades ",[44,162133,55],{"class":54},[44,162135,1556],{"class":58},[44,162137,63],{"class":62},[44,162139,22683],{"class":66},[44,162141,63],{"class":62},[44,162143,83],{"class":58},[44,162145,75],{"class":62},[44,162147,30825],{"class":66},[44,162149,63],{"class":62},[44,162151,83],{"class":58},[44,162153,75],{"class":62},[44,162155,162156],{"class":66},"B+",[44,162158,63],{"class":62},[44,162160,1153],{"class":58},[44,162162,162163],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,162164,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,162166,162167,162169,162171,162173,162175,162177,162179,162181,162183,162185,162187,162190],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,162168,136],{"class":135},[44,162170,120],{"class":58},[44,162172,8588],{"class":2248},[44,162174,120],{"class":58},[44,162176,64631],{"class":135},[44,162178,120],{"class":58},[44,162180,5540],{"class":116},[44,162182,83],{"class":58},[44,162184,5611],{"class":116},[44,162186,83],{"class":58},[44,162188,162189],{"class":116}," grades",[44,162191,3418],{"class":58},[20,162193,2576],{},[35,162195,162197],{"className":37,"code":162196,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,162198,162199],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162200,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221,162223,162225,162227,162229,162231,162233,162235,162237,162239,162241,162243,162245,162247,162249,162251,162253,162255,162257,162259,162261,162263,162265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162202,22178],{"class":58},[44,162204,2197],{"class":62},[44,162206,78],{"class":66},[44,162208,2197],{"class":62},[44,162210,83],{"class":58},[44,162212,488],{"class":95},[44,162214,83],{"class":58},[44,162216,2232],{"class":62},[44,162218,22683],{"class":66},[44,162220,2197],{"class":62},[44,162222,9725],{"class":58},[44,162224,9728],{"class":58},[44,162226,2197],{"class":62},[44,162228,36170],{"class":66},[44,162230,2197],{"class":62},[44,162232,83],{"class":58},[44,162234,502],{"class":95},[44,162236,83],{"class":58},[44,162238,2232],{"class":62},[44,162240,30825],{"class":66},[44,162242,2197],{"class":62},[44,162244,9725],{"class":58},[44,162246,9728],{"class":58},[44,162248,2197],{"class":62},[44,162250,36179],{"class":66},[44,162252,2197],{"class":62},[44,162254,83],{"class":58},[44,162256,29144],{"class":95},[44,162258,83],{"class":58},[44,162260,2232],{"class":62},[44,162262,162156],{"class":66},[44,162264,2197],{"class":62},[44,162266,9741],{"class":58},[30,162268,162270],{"id":162269},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,162272,162273],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[35,162275,162277],{"className":37,"code":162276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,162278,162279,162311,162331,162335,162359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162280,162281,162283,162285,162287,162289,162291,162293,162295,162297,162299,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162282,5496],{"class":50},[44,162284,55],{"class":54},[44,162286,1556],{"class":58},[44,162288,63],{"class":62},[44,162290,78],{"class":66},[44,162292,63],{"class":62},[44,162294,83],{"class":58},[44,162296,75],{"class":62},[44,162298,36170],{"class":66},[44,162300,63],{"class":62},[44,162302,83],{"class":58},[44,162304,75],{"class":62},[44,162306,36179],{"class":66},[44,162308,63],{"class":62},[44,162310,1153],{"class":58},[44,162312,162313,162315,162317,162319,162321,162323,162325,162327,162329],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162314,472],{"class":50},[44,162316,55],{"class":54},[44,162318,1556],{"class":58},[44,162320,13962],{"class":95},[44,162322,83],{"class":58},[44,162324,502],{"class":95},[44,162326,83],{"class":58},[44,162328,29144],{"class":95},[44,162330,1153],{"class":58},[44,162332,162333],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,162334,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,162336,162337,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353,162355,162357],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,162338,6459],{"class":1140},[44,162340,36221],{"class":50},[44,162342,83],{"class":58},[44,162344,5606],{"class":50},[44,162346,4385],{"class":1140},[44,162348,161817],{"class":135},[44,162350,120],{"class":58},[44,162352,5540],{"class":116},[44,162354,83],{"class":58},[44,162356,5611],{"class":116},[44,162358,8837],{"class":58},[44,162360,162361,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375,162378,162380,162382,162384,162386],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,162362,1387],{"class":135},[44,162364,120],{"class":58},[44,162366,22732],{"class":2570},[44,162368,63],{"class":66},[44,162370,9770],{"class":95},[44,162372,67],{"class":116},[44,162374,22741],{"class":95},[44,162376,162377],{"class":66}," scored ",[44,162379,9770],{"class":95},[44,162381,85762],{"class":116},[44,162383,22741],{"class":95},[44,162385,63],{"class":66},[44,162387,129],{"class":58},[20,162389,2576],{},[35,162391,162393],{"className":37,"code":162392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162394,162395,162402,162409],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162396,162397,162400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162398,162399],{"class":50},"Ana scored ",[44,162401,33362],{"class":95},[44,162403,162404,162407],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162405,162406],{"class":50},"Ben scored ",[44,162408,33367],{"class":95},[44,162410,162411,162414],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,162412,162413],{"class":50},"Cara scored ",[44,162415,33372],{"class":95},[20,162417,45166],{},[252,162419,162420,162429,162432],{},[255,162421,162422,162425,162426],{},[15,162423,162424],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162427,162428],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[255,162430,162431],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[255,162433,162434,976,162436,162438],{},[15,162435,67],{},[15,162437,85762],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162440,162441,162442,113],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[625,162443,69855],{"href":69854},[30,162445,162447],{"id":162446},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162449,162450,162452],{},[15,162451,64561],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162454,162455],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[35,162457,162459],{"className":37,"code":162458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162460,162461,162502,162518,162522,162546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162462,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493,162495,162498,162500],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162464,5496],{"class":50},[44,162466,55],{"class":54},[44,162468,1556],{"class":58},[44,162470,63],{"class":62},[44,162472,78],{"class":66},[44,162474,63],{"class":62},[44,162476,83],{"class":58},[44,162478,75],{"class":62},[44,162480,36170],{"class":66},[44,162482,63],{"class":62},[44,162484,83],{"class":58},[44,162486,75],{"class":62},[44,162488,36179],{"class":66},[44,162490,63],{"class":62},[44,162492,83],{"class":58},[44,162494,75],{"class":62},[44,162496,162497],{"class":66},"Dan",[44,162499,63],{"class":62},[44,162501,1153],{"class":58},[44,162503,162504,162506,162508,162510,162512,162514,162516],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162505,472],{"class":50},[44,162507,55],{"class":54},[44,162509,1556],{"class":58},[44,162511,13962],{"class":95},[44,162513,83],{"class":58},[44,162515,502],{"class":95},[44,162517,1153],{"class":58},[44,162519,162520],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,162521,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,162523,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532,162534,162536,162538,162540,162542,162544],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,162525,6459],{"class":1140},[44,162527,36221],{"class":50},[44,162529,83],{"class":58},[44,162531,5606],{"class":50},[44,162533,4385],{"class":1140},[44,162535,161817],{"class":135},[44,162537,120],{"class":58},[44,162539,5540],{"class":116},[44,162541,83],{"class":58},[44,162543,5611],{"class":116},[44,162545,8837],{"class":58},[44,162547,162548,162550,162552,162554,162556,162558],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,162549,1387],{"class":135},[44,162551,120],{"class":58},[44,162553,67],{"class":116},[44,162555,83],{"class":58},[44,162557,131105],{"class":116},[44,162559,129],{"class":58},[20,162561,2576],{},[35,162563,162565],{"className":37,"code":162564,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162566,162567,162573],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162568,162569,162571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162570,134124],{"class":50},[44,162572,33362],{"class":95},[44,162574,162575,162577],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162576,161859],{"class":50},[44,162578,33367],{"class":95},[20,162580,2790,162581,976,162584,162587],{},[15,162582,162583],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162585,162586],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162589,162590],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[35,162592,162594],{"className":37,"code":162593,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162595,162596,162636,162652,162656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162597,162598,162600,162602,162604,162606,162608,162610,162612,162614,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626,162628,162630,162632,162634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162599,5496],{"class":50},[44,162601,55],{"class":54},[44,162603,1556],{"class":58},[44,162605,63],{"class":62},[44,162607,78],{"class":66},[44,162609,63],{"class":62},[44,162611,83],{"class":58},[44,162613,75],{"class":62},[44,162615,36170],{"class":66},[44,162617,63],{"class":62},[44,162619,83],{"class":58},[44,162621,75],{"class":62},[44,162623,36179],{"class":66},[44,162625,63],{"class":62},[44,162627,83],{"class":58},[44,162629,75],{"class":62},[44,162631,162497],{"class":66},[44,162633,63],{"class":62},[44,162635,1153],{"class":58},[44,162637,162638,162640,162642,162644,162646,162648,162650],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162639,472],{"class":50},[44,162641,55],{"class":54},[44,162643,1556],{"class":58},[44,162645,13962],{"class":95},[44,162647,83],{"class":58},[44,162649,502],{"class":95},[44,162651,1153],{"class":58},[44,162653,162654],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,162655,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,162657,162658,162660,162662,162664,162666,162668,162670,162672,162674,162676],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,162659,136],{"class":135},[44,162661,120],{"class":58},[44,162663,11641],{"class":135},[44,162665,120],{"class":58},[44,162667,5540],{"class":116},[44,162669,9725],{"class":58},[44,162671,38618],{"class":135},[44,162673,120],{"class":58},[44,162675,517],{"class":116},[44,162677,2239],{"class":58},[20,162679,2576],{},[35,162681,162683],{"className":37,"code":162682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4 2\n",[15,162684,162685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162686,162687,162689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162688,3008],{"class":95},[44,162690,45825],{"class":95},[20,162692,162693,162694,113],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162695,64561],{},[30,162697,92353,162699,162701],{"id":162698},"converting-zip-output",[15,162700,64561],{}," output",[20,162703,29285,162704,162706],{},[15,162705,64561],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[981,162708,227,162710],{"id":162709},"use-listzip",[15,162711,162712],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162714,162715],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[35,162717,162719],{"className":37,"code":162718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162720,162721,162753,162773,162777,162799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162722,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162724,5496],{"class":50},[44,162726,55],{"class":54},[44,162728,1556],{"class":58},[44,162730,63],{"class":62},[44,162732,78],{"class":66},[44,162734,63],{"class":62},[44,162736,83],{"class":58},[44,162738,75],{"class":62},[44,162740,36170],{"class":66},[44,162742,63],{"class":62},[44,162744,83],{"class":58},[44,162746,75],{"class":62},[44,162748,36179],{"class":66},[44,162750,63],{"class":62},[44,162752,1153],{"class":58},[44,162754,162755,162757,162759,162761,162763,162765,162767,162769,162771],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162756,472],{"class":50},[44,162758,55],{"class":54},[44,162760,1556],{"class":58},[44,162762,13962],{"class":95},[44,162764,83],{"class":58},[44,162766,502],{"class":95},[44,162768,83],{"class":58},[44,162770,29144],{"class":95},[44,162772,1153],{"class":58},[44,162774,162775],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,162776,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,162778,162779,162781,162783,162785,162787,162789,162791,162793,162795,162797],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,162780,9707],{"class":50},[44,162782,55],{"class":54},[44,162784,22998],{"class":2248},[44,162786,120],{"class":58},[44,162788,64631],{"class":135},[44,162790,120],{"class":58},[44,162792,5540],{"class":116},[44,162794,83],{"class":58},[44,162796,5611],{"class":116},[44,162798,2239],{"class":58},[44,162800,162801,162803,162805,162807],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,162802,136],{"class":135},[44,162804,120],{"class":58},[44,162806,9754],{"class":116},[44,162808,129],{"class":58},[20,162810,2576],{},[35,162812,162814],{"className":37,"code":162813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162815,162816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162817,162818,162820,162822,162824,162826,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836,162838,162840,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854,162856,162858],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162819,22178],{"class":58},[44,162821,2197],{"class":62},[44,162823,78],{"class":66},[44,162825,2197],{"class":62},[44,162827,83],{"class":58},[44,162829,488],{"class":95},[44,162831,9725],{"class":58},[44,162833,9728],{"class":58},[44,162835,2197],{"class":62},[44,162837,36170],{"class":66},[44,162839,2197],{"class":62},[44,162841,83],{"class":58},[44,162843,502],{"class":95},[44,162845,9725],{"class":58},[44,162847,9728],{"class":58},[44,162849,2197],{"class":62},[44,162851,36179],{"class":66},[44,162853,2197],{"class":62},[44,162855,83],{"class":58},[44,162857,29144],{"class":95},[44,162859,9741],{"class":58},[981,162861,227,162863],{"id":162862},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162864,162865],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162867,162868],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[35,162870,162872],{"className":37,"code":162871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162873,162874,162906,162934,162938,162960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162875,162876,162878,162880,162882,162884,162886,162888,162890,162892,162894,162896,162898,162900,162902,162904],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162877,17696],{"class":50},[44,162879,55],{"class":54},[44,162881,1556],{"class":58},[44,162883,63],{"class":62},[44,162885,67],{"class":66},[44,162887,63],{"class":62},[44,162889,83],{"class":58},[44,162891,75],{"class":62},[44,162893,88],{"class":66},[44,162895,63],{"class":62},[44,162897,83],{"class":58},[44,162899,75],{"class":62},[44,162901,305],{"class":66},[44,162903,63],{"class":62},[44,162905,1153],{"class":58},[44,162907,162908,162910,162912,162914,162916,162918,162920,162922,162924,162926,162928,162930,162932],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162909,4327],{"class":50},[44,162911,55],{"class":54},[44,162913,1556],{"class":58},[44,162915,63],{"class":62},[44,162917,78],{"class":66},[44,162919,63],{"class":62},[44,162921,83],{"class":58},[44,162923,96],{"class":95},[44,162925,83],{"class":58},[44,162927,75],{"class":62},[44,162929,16487],{"class":66},[44,162931,63],{"class":62},[44,162933,1153],{"class":58},[44,162935,162936],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,162937,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,162939,162940,162942,162944,162946,162948,162950,162952,162954,162956,162958],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,162941,51],{"class":50},[44,162943,55],{"class":54},[44,162945,9663],{"class":2248},[44,162947,120],{"class":58},[44,162949,64631],{"class":135},[44,162951,120],{"class":58},[44,162953,2185],{"class":116},[44,162955,83],{"class":58},[44,162957,4388],{"class":116},[44,162959,2239],{"class":58},[44,162961,162962,162964,162966,162968],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,162963,136],{"class":135},[44,162965,120],{"class":58},[44,162967,158],{"class":116},[44,162969,129],{"class":58},[20,162971,2576],{},[35,162973,162975],{"className":37,"code":162974,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162976,162977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162978,162979,162981,162983,162985,162987,162989,162991,162993,162995,162997,162999,163001,163003,163005,163007,163009,163011,163013,163015,163017,163019,163021,163023],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162980,9770],{"class":58},[44,162982,2197],{"class":62},[44,162984,67],{"class":66},[44,162986,2197],{"class":62},[44,162988,72],{"class":58},[44,162990,2232],{"class":62},[44,162992,78],{"class":66},[44,162994,2197],{"class":62},[44,162996,83],{"class":58},[44,162998,2232],{"class":62},[44,163000,88],{"class":66},[44,163002,2197],{"class":62},[44,163004,72],{"class":58},[44,163006,96],{"class":95},[44,163008,83],{"class":58},[44,163010,2232],{"class":62},[44,163012,305],{"class":66},[44,163014,2197],{"class":62},[44,163016,72],{"class":58},[44,163018,2232],{"class":62},[44,163020,16487],{"class":66},[44,163022,2197],{"class":62},[44,163024,99],{"class":58},[20,163026,163027,163028,113],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[625,163029,31312],{"href":31311},[981,163031,163033],{"id":163032},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,163035,163036],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[35,163038,163040],{"className":37,"code":163039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,163041,163042,163066,163082,163086,163104,163108,163122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163043,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163045,5496],{"class":50},[44,163047,55],{"class":54},[44,163049,1556],{"class":58},[44,163051,63],{"class":62},[44,163053,78],{"class":66},[44,163055,63],{"class":62},[44,163057,83],{"class":58},[44,163059,75],{"class":62},[44,163061,36170],{"class":66},[44,163063,63],{"class":62},[44,163065,1153],{"class":58},[44,163067,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163069,472],{"class":50},[44,163071,55],{"class":54},[44,163073,1556],{"class":58},[44,163075,13962],{"class":95},[44,163077,83],{"class":58},[44,163079,502],{"class":95},[44,163081,1153],{"class":58},[44,163083,163084],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,163085,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,163087,163088,163090,163092,163094,163096,163098,163100,163102],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,163089,9707],{"class":50},[44,163091,55],{"class":54},[44,163093,161817],{"class":135},[44,163095,120],{"class":58},[44,163097,5540],{"class":116},[44,163099,83],{"class":58},[44,163101,5611],{"class":116},[44,163103,129],{"class":58},[44,163105,163106],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,163107,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,163109,163110,163112,163114,163116,163118,163120],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,163111,136],{"class":135},[44,163113,120],{"class":58},[44,163115,8588],{"class":2248},[44,163117,120],{"class":58},[44,163119,9754],{"class":116},[44,163121,2239],{"class":58},[44,163123,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,163125,136],{"class":135},[44,163127,120],{"class":58},[44,163129,8588],{"class":2248},[44,163131,120],{"class":58},[44,163133,9754],{"class":116},[44,163135,2239],{"class":58},[20,163137,2576],{},[35,163139,163141],{"className":37,"code":163140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,163142,163143,163173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163144,163145,163147,163149,163151,163153,163155,163157,163159,163161,163163,163165,163167,163169,163171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163146,22178],{"class":58},[44,163148,2197],{"class":62},[44,163150,78],{"class":66},[44,163152,2197],{"class":62},[44,163154,83],{"class":58},[44,163156,488],{"class":95},[44,163158,9725],{"class":58},[44,163160,9728],{"class":58},[44,163162,2197],{"class":62},[44,163164,36170],{"class":66},[44,163166,2197],{"class":62},[44,163168,83],{"class":58},[44,163170,502],{"class":95},[44,163172,9741],{"class":58},[44,163174,163175],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163176,38529],{"class":58},[20,163178,163179],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,163181,163182,163183,113],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[625,163184,5637],{"href":6087},[30,163186,41279],{"id":41278},[20,163188,163189,163190,113],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,163191,64561],{},[981,163193,163195],{"id":163194},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[35,163197,163199],{"className":37,"code":163198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,163200,163201,163233,163253,163257,163281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163202,163203,163205,163207,163209,163211,163213,163215,163217,163219,163221,163223,163225,163227,163229,163231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163204,5496],{"class":50},[44,163206,55],{"class":54},[44,163208,1556],{"class":58},[44,163210,63],{"class":62},[44,163212,78],{"class":66},[44,163214,63],{"class":62},[44,163216,83],{"class":58},[44,163218,75],{"class":62},[44,163220,36170],{"class":66},[44,163222,63],{"class":62},[44,163224,83],{"class":58},[44,163226,75],{"class":62},[44,163228,36179],{"class":66},[44,163230,63],{"class":62},[44,163232,1153],{"class":58},[44,163234,163235,163237,163239,163241,163243,163245,163247,163249,163251],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163236,472],{"class":50},[44,163238,55],{"class":54},[44,163240,1556],{"class":58},[44,163242,13962],{"class":95},[44,163244,83],{"class":58},[44,163246,502],{"class":95},[44,163248,83],{"class":58},[44,163250,29144],{"class":95},[44,163252,1153],{"class":58},[44,163254,163255],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,163256,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,163258,163259,163261,163263,163265,163267,163269,163271,163273,163275,163277,163279],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,163260,6459],{"class":1140},[44,163262,36221],{"class":50},[44,163264,83],{"class":58},[44,163266,5606],{"class":50},[44,163268,4385],{"class":1140},[44,163270,161817],{"class":135},[44,163272,120],{"class":58},[44,163274,5540],{"class":116},[44,163276,83],{"class":58},[44,163278,5611],{"class":116},[44,163280,8837],{"class":58},[44,163282,163283,163285,163287,163289,163291,163293,163295,163297,163299,163301,163303,163305,163307],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,163284,1387],{"class":135},[44,163286,120],{"class":58},[44,163288,22732],{"class":2570},[44,163290,63],{"class":66},[44,163292,9770],{"class":95},[44,163294,67],{"class":116},[44,163296,22741],{"class":95},[44,163298,22744],{"class":66},[44,163300,9770],{"class":95},[44,163302,85762],{"class":116},[44,163304,22741],{"class":95},[44,163306,63],{"class":66},[44,163308,129],{"class":58},[981,163310,163312],{"id":163311},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[35,163314,163316],{"className":37,"code":163315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163317,163318,163350,163374,163378,163400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163319,163320,163322,163324,163326,163328,163330,163332,163334,163336,163338,163340,163342,163344,163346,163348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163321,17696],{"class":50},[44,163323,55],{"class":54},[44,163325,1556],{"class":58},[44,163327,63],{"class":62},[44,163329,13118],{"class":66},[44,163331,63],{"class":62},[44,163333,83],{"class":58},[44,163335,75],{"class":62},[44,163337,67],{"class":66},[44,163339,63],{"class":62},[44,163341,83],{"class":58},[44,163343,75],{"class":62},[44,163345,16277],{"class":66},[44,163347,63],{"class":62},[44,163349,1153],{"class":58},[44,163351,163352,163354,163356,163358,163360,163362,163364,163366,163368,163370,163372],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163353,4327],{"class":50},[44,163355,55],{"class":54},[44,163357,1556],{"class":58},[44,163359,46828],{"class":95},[44,163361,83],{"class":58},[44,163363,75],{"class":62},[44,163365,78],{"class":66},[44,163367,63],{"class":62},[44,163369,83],{"class":58},[44,163371,4418],{"class":1266},[44,163373,1153],{"class":58},[44,163375,163376],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,163377,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,163379,163380,163382,163384,163386,163388,163390,163392,163394,163396,163398],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,163381,616],{"class":50},[44,163383,55],{"class":54},[44,163385,9663],{"class":2248},[44,163387,120],{"class":58},[44,163389,64631],{"class":135},[44,163391,120],{"class":58},[44,163393,2185],{"class":116},[44,163395,83],{"class":58},[44,163397,4388],{"class":116},[44,163399,2239],{"class":58},[44,163401,163402,163404,163406,163408],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,163403,136],{"class":135},[44,163405,120],{"class":58},[44,163407,750],{"class":116},[44,163409,129],{"class":58},[981,163411,163413],{"id":163412},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[35,163415,163417],{"className":37,"code":163416,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163418,163419,163439,163459,163463,163488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163420,163421,163423,163425,163427,163429,163431,163433,163435,163437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163422,80900],{"class":50},[44,163424,55],{"class":54},[44,163426,1556],{"class":58},[44,163428,1559],{"class":95},[44,163430,83],{"class":58},[44,163432,646],{"class":95},[44,163434,83],{"class":58},[44,163436,1568],{"class":95},[44,163438,1153],{"class":58},[44,163440,163441,163443,163445,163447,163449,163451,163453,163455,163457],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163442,80921],{"class":50},[44,163444,55],{"class":54},[44,163446,1556],{"class":58},[44,163448,1559],{"class":95},[44,163450,83],{"class":58},[44,163452,96],{"class":95},[44,163454,83],{"class":58},[44,163456,1568],{"class":95},[44,163458,1153],{"class":58},[44,163460,163461],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,163462,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,163464,163465,163467,163469,163471,163474,163476,163478,163480,163482,163484,163486],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,163466,6459],{"class":1140},[44,163468,57127],{"class":50},[44,163470,83],{"class":58},[44,163472,163473],{"class":50}," b ",[44,163475,4385],{"class":1140},[44,163477,161817],{"class":135},[44,163479,120],{"class":58},[44,163481,111992],{"class":116},[44,163483,83],{"class":58},[44,163485,80964],{"class":116},[44,163487,8837],{"class":58},[44,163489,163490,163492,163494,163496,163498,163500],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,163491,1387],{"class":135},[44,163493,120],{"class":58},[44,163495,3058],{"class":116},[44,163497,5191],{"class":54},[44,163499,3063],{"class":116},[44,163501,129],{"class":58},[20,163503,2576],{},[35,163505,163507],{"className":37,"code":163506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163508,163509,163513,163517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163510,163511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163512,4482],{"class":1266},[44,163514,163515],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163516,4543],{"class":1266},[44,163518,163519],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,163520,4482],{"class":1266},[981,163522,163524],{"id":163523},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[35,163526,163528],{"className":37,"code":163527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163529,163530,163565,163588,163592,163619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163531,163532,163535,163537,163539,163541,163543,163545,163547,163549,163552,163554,163556,163558,163561,163563],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163533,163534],{"class":50},"products ",[44,163536,55],{"class":54},[44,163538,1556],{"class":58},[44,163540,63],{"class":62},[44,163542,25579],{"class":66},[44,163544,63],{"class":62},[44,163546,83],{"class":58},[44,163548,75],{"class":62},[44,163550,163551],{"class":66},"Pen",[44,163553,63],{"class":62},[44,163555,83],{"class":58},[44,163557,75],{"class":62},[44,163559,163560],{"class":66},"Bag",[44,163562,63],{"class":62},[44,163564,1153],{"class":58},[44,163566,163567,163569,163571,163573,163576,163578,163581,163583,163586],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163568,83290],{"class":50},[44,163570,55],{"class":54},[44,163572,1556],{"class":58},[44,163574,163575],{"class":95},"12.5",[44,163577,83],{"class":58},[44,163579,163580],{"class":95}," 1.2",[44,163582,83],{"class":58},[44,163584,163585],{"class":95}," 25.0",[44,163587,1153],{"class":58},[44,163589,163590],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,163591,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,163593,163594,163596,163598,163600,163603,163605,163607,163609,163612,163614,163617],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,163595,6459],{"class":1140},[44,163597,862],{"class":50},[44,163599,83],{"class":58},[44,163601,163602],{"class":50}," price ",[44,163604,4385],{"class":1140},[44,163606,161817],{"class":135},[44,163608,120],{"class":58},[44,163610,163611],{"class":116},"products",[44,163613,83],{"class":58},[44,163615,163616],{"class":116}," prices",[44,163618,8837],{"class":58},[44,163620,163621,163623,163625,163627,163629,163631,163633,163635,163638,163640,163642,163644,163646],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,163622,1387],{"class":135},[44,163624,120],{"class":58},[44,163626,22732],{"class":2570},[44,163628,63],{"class":66},[44,163630,9770],{"class":95},[44,163632,953],{"class":116},[44,163634,22741],{"class":95},[44,163636,163637],{"class":66}," costs $",[44,163639,9770],{"class":95},[44,163641,825],{"class":116},[44,163643,22741],{"class":95},[44,163645,63],{"class":66},[44,163647,129],{"class":58},[20,163649,36832,163650,113],{},[625,163651,163653],{"href":163652},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[30,163655,163657,163658],{"id":163656},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163659,64561],{},[981,163661,1904,163663,163665],{"id":163662},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163664,64561],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163667,163668,163670],{},[15,163669,64561],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163672,163673],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[35,163675,163677],{"className":37,"code":163676,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163678,163679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163680,163681,163683,163685,163687,163689,163691,163693,163695,163697,163699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163682,136],{"class":135},[44,163684,120],{"class":58},[44,163686,11641],{"class":135},[44,163688,120],{"class":58},[44,163690,111992],{"class":116},[44,163692,9725],{"class":58},[44,163694,38618],{"class":135},[44,163696,120],{"class":58},[44,163698,81187],{"class":116},[44,163700,2239],{"class":58},[981,163702,163704],{"id":163703},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163706,69078],{},[35,163708,163710],{"className":37,"code":163709,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163711,163712,163748,163752,163765,163775,163779,163791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163713,163714,163716,163718,163720,163722,163724,163726,163728,163730,163732,163734,163736,163738,163740,163742,163744,163746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163715,9707],{"class":50},[44,163717,55],{"class":54},[44,163719,161817],{"class":135},[44,163721,3492],{"class":58},[44,163723,1588],{"class":95},[44,163725,83],{"class":58},[44,163727,1717],{"class":95},[44,163729,18514],{"class":58},[44,163731,1556],{"class":58},[44,163733,63],{"class":62},[44,163735,625],{"class":66},[44,163737,63],{"class":62},[44,163739,83],{"class":58},[44,163741,75],{"class":62},[44,163743,639],{"class":66},[44,163745,63],{"class":62},[44,163747,4391],{"class":58},[44,163749,163750],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163751,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,163753,163754,163756,163758,163760,163763],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,163755,6459],{"class":1140},[44,163757,6462],{"class":50},[44,163759,4385],{"class":1140},[44,163761,163762],{"class":50}," pairs",[44,163764,1359],{"class":58},[44,163766,163767,163769,163771,163773],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,163768,1387],{"class":135},[44,163770,120],{"class":58},[44,163772,23749],{"class":116},[44,163774,129],{"class":58},[44,163776,163777],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,163778,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,163780,163781,163783,163785,163787,163789],{"class":46,"line":173},[44,163782,6459],{"class":1140},[44,163784,6462],{"class":50},[44,163786,4385],{"class":1140},[44,163788,163762],{"class":50},[44,163790,1359],{"class":58},[44,163792,163793,163795,163797,163799],{"class":46,"line":179},[44,163794,1387],{"class":135},[44,163796,120],{"class":58},[44,163798,23749],{"class":116},[44,163800,129],{"class":58},[20,163802,163803],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[981,163805,163807],{"id":163806},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163809,163810],{},"This is correct:",[35,163812,163814],{"className":37,"code":163813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163815,163816,163840,163856,163860,163884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163817,163818,163820,163822,163824,163826,163828,163830,163832,163834,163836,163838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163819,5496],{"class":50},[44,163821,55],{"class":54},[44,163823,1556],{"class":58},[44,163825,63],{"class":62},[44,163827,78],{"class":66},[44,163829,63],{"class":62},[44,163831,83],{"class":58},[44,163833,75],{"class":62},[44,163835,36170],{"class":66},[44,163837,63],{"class":62},[44,163839,1153],{"class":58},[44,163841,163842,163844,163846,163848,163850,163852,163854],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163843,472],{"class":50},[44,163845,55],{"class":54},[44,163847,1556],{"class":58},[44,163849,13962],{"class":95},[44,163851,83],{"class":58},[44,163853,502],{"class":95},[44,163855,1153],{"class":58},[44,163857,163858],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,163859,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,163861,163862,163864,163866,163868,163870,163872,163874,163876,163878,163880,163882],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,163863,6459],{"class":1140},[44,163865,36221],{"class":50},[44,163867,83],{"class":58},[44,163869,5606],{"class":50},[44,163871,4385],{"class":1140},[44,163873,161817],{"class":135},[44,163875,120],{"class":58},[44,163877,5540],{"class":116},[44,163879,83],{"class":58},[44,163881,5611],{"class":116},[44,163883,8837],{"class":58},[44,163885,163886,163888,163890,163892,163894,163896],{"class":46,"line":166},[44,163887,1387],{"class":135},[44,163889,120],{"class":58},[44,163891,67],{"class":116},[44,163893,83],{"class":58},[44,163895,131105],{"class":116},[44,163897,129],{"class":58},[20,163899,163900],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[35,163902,163904],{"className":37,"code":163903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163905,163906,163926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163907,163908,163910,163912,163914,163916,163918,163920,163922,163924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163909,6459],{"class":1140},[44,163911,6462],{"class":50},[44,163913,4385],{"class":1140},[44,163915,161817],{"class":135},[44,163917,120],{"class":58},[44,163919,5540],{"class":116},[44,163921,83],{"class":58},[44,163923,5611],{"class":116},[44,163925,8837],{"class":58},[44,163927,163928,163930,163932,163934],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163929,1387],{"class":135},[44,163931,120],{"class":58},[44,163933,23749],{"class":116},[44,163935,129],{"class":58},[20,163937,2576],{},[35,163939,163941],{"className":37,"code":163940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163942,163943,163959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163944,163945,163947,163949,163951,163953,163955,163957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163946,120],{"class":58},[44,163948,2197],{"class":62},[44,163950,78],{"class":66},[44,163952,2197],{"class":62},[44,163954,83],{"class":58},[44,163956,488],{"class":95},[44,163958,129],{"class":58},[44,163960,163961,163963,163965,163967,163969,163971,163973],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163962,120],{"class":58},[44,163964,2197],{"class":62},[44,163966,36170],{"class":66},[44,163968,2197],{"class":62},[44,163970,83],{"class":58},[44,163972,502],{"class":95},[44,163974,129],{"class":58},[20,163976,163977],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[981,163979,1785,163981,163983,163984],{"id":163980},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163982,64561],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163985,35978],{},[20,163987,227,163988,163990],{},[15,163989,64561],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163992,227,163993,163995],{},[15,163994,35978],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[35,163997,163998],{"className":37,"code":36147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,163999,164000,164032,164036,164056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,164001,164002,164004,164006,164008,164010,164012,164014,164016,164018,164020,164022,164024,164026,164028,164030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,164003,5496],{"class":50},[44,164005,55],{"class":54},[44,164007,1556],{"class":58},[44,164009,63],{"class":62},[44,164011,78],{"class":66},[44,164013,63],{"class":62},[44,164015,83],{"class":58},[44,164017,75],{"class":62},[44,164019,36170],{"class":66},[44,164021,63],{"class":62},[44,164023,83],{"class":58},[44,164025,75],{"class":62},[44,164027,36179],{"class":66},[44,164029,63],{"class":62},[44,164031,1153],{"class":58},[44,164033,164034],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,164035,170],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":169},[44,164037,164038,164040,164042,164044,164046,164048,164050,164052,164054],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,164039,6459],{"class":1140},[44,164041,36050],{"class":50},[44,164043,83],{"class":58},[44,164045,36198],{"class":50},[44,164047,4385],{"class":1140},[44,164049,36060],{"class":135},[44,164051,120],{"class":58},[44,164053,5540],{"class":116},[44,164055,8837],{"class":58},[44,164057,164058,164060,164062,164064,164066,164068],{"class":46,"line":151},[44,164059,1387],{"class":135},[44,164061,120],{"class":58},[44,164063,36075],{"class":116},[44,164065,83],{"class":58},[44,164067,36221],{"class":116},[44,164069,129],{"class":58},[20,164071,164072,164073,113],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[625,164074,4083,164075,4016],{"href":92265},[15,164076,35978],{},[30,164078,2301],{"id":2300},[981,164080,5643,164082,5646],{"id":164081},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,164083,64561],{},[20,164085,164086],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[981,164088,2329,164090,164092],{"id":164089},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,164091,64561],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,164094,164095],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[981,164097,164099,164100,2363],{"id":164098},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,164101,64561],{},[20,164103,164104,164105,113],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,164106,162712],{},[981,164108,164110,164111,2363],{"id":164109},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,164112,64561],{},[20,164114,128470,164115,164117],{},[15,164116,162865],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[981,164119,164121],{"id":164120},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,164123,164124],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[30,164126,2375],{"id":2374},[252,164128,164129,164134,164140,164144,164148],{},[255,164130,164131],{},[625,164132,164133],{"href":163652},"How to use zip in Python",[255,164135,164136],{},[625,164137,4083,164138,4016],{"href":92265},[15,164139,35978],{},[255,164141,164142],{},[625,164143,5717],{"href":6087},[255,164145,164146],{},[625,164147,69931],{"href":69854},[255,164149,164150],{},[625,164151,32486],{"href":31311},[2414,164153,164154],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":164156},[164157,164158,164160,164161,164162,164163,164171,164177,164186,164197],{"id":2506,"depth":102,"text":2507},{"id":161876,"depth":102,"text":164159},"What zip() does",{"id":391,"depth":102,"text":392},{"id":162269,"depth":102,"text":162270},{"id":162446,"depth":102,"text":162447},{"id":162698,"depth":102,"text":164164,"children":164165},"Converting zip() output",[164166,164168,164170],{"id":162709,"depth":132,"text":164167},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162862,"depth":132,"text":164169},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":163032,"depth":132,"text":163033},{"id":41278,"depth":102,"text":41279,"children":164172},[164173,164174,164175,164176],{"id":163194,"depth":132,"text":163195},{"id":163311,"depth":132,"text":163312},{"id":163412,"depth":132,"text":163413},{"id":163523,"depth":132,"text":163524},{"id":163656,"depth":102,"text":164178,"children":164179},"Common mistakes with zip()",[164180,164182,164183,164184],{"id":163662,"depth":132,"text":164181},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163703,"depth":132,"text":163704},{"id":163806,"depth":132,"text":163807},{"id":163980,"depth":132,"text":164185},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2300,"depth":102,"text":2301,"children":164187},[164188,164190,164192,164194,164196],{"id":164081,"depth":132,"text":164189},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":164089,"depth":132,"text":164191},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":164098,"depth":132,"text":164193},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":164109,"depth":132,"text":164195},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":164120,"depth":132,"text":164121},{"id":2374,"depth":102,"text":2375},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161718,"description":164198},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945125765]