[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163889},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method":3,"nav-reference":2117},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2110,"extension":2111,"meta":2112,"navigation":157,"path":2113,"seo":2114,"stem":2115,"__hash__":2116},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md","Python Dictionary popitem() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2074},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,39,50,55,187,192,244,249,256,260,277,280,284,300,303,319,329,333,339,348,351,428,432,453,456,475,478,503,507,510,630,634,694,701,705,711,844,848,898,901,905,912,914,981,985,1006,1009,1019,1042,1051,1058,1063,1076,1081,1092,1094,1243,1247,1307,1315,1320,1324,1330,1354,1359,1380,1384,1460,1467,1540,1550,1556,1561,1572,1575,1721,1726,1758,1763,1767,1772,1836,1839,1900,1903,1946,1950,1957,1963,1970,1973,1980,1988,1994,1997,2004,2012,2016,2070],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-dictionary-popitem-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"popitem()"," Method",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The ",[15,24,17],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,27,28],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[30,31,32,36],"ul",{},[33,34,35],"li",{},"remove an item",[33,37,38],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,40,41,42,44,45,49],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,43,17],{}," removes the ",[46,47,48],"strong",{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[51,52,54],"h2",{"id":53},"quick-example","Quick example",[56,57,62],"pre",{"className":58,"code":59,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n","python","",[15,63,64,131,152,159,175],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66,69,73,77,81,85,89,91,94,98,101,104,107,109,111,114,116,118,121,123,125,128],"span",{"class":67,"line":68},"line",1,[65,70,72],{"class":71},"su5hD","data ",[65,74,76],{"class":75},"smGrS","=",[65,78,80],{"class":79},"sP7_E"," {",[65,82,84],{"class":83},"sjJ54","\"",[65,86,88],{"class":87},"s_sjI","a",[65,90,84],{"class":83},[65,92,93],{"class":79},":",[65,95,97],{"class":96},"srdBf"," 1",[65,99,100],{"class":79},",",[65,102,103],{"class":83}," \"",[65,105,106],{"class":87},"b",[65,108,84],{"class":83},[65,110,93],{"class":79},[65,112,113],{"class":96}," 2",[65,115,100],{"class":79},[65,117,103],{"class":83},[65,119,120],{"class":87},"c",[65,122,84],{"class":83},[65,124,93],{"class":79},[65,126,127],{"class":96}," 3",[65,129,130],{"class":79},"}\n",[65,132,134,137,139,142,145,149],{"class":67,"line":133},2,[65,135,136],{"class":71},"item ",[65,138,76],{"class":75},[65,140,141],{"class":71}," data",[65,143,144],{"class":79},".",[65,146,148],{"class":147},"slqww","popitem",[65,150,151],{"class":79},"()\n",[65,153,155],{"class":67,"line":154},3,[65,156,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},true,"\n",[65,160,162,166,169,172],{"class":67,"line":161},4,[65,163,165],{"class":164},"sptTA","print",[65,167,168],{"class":79},"(",[65,170,171],{"class":147},"item",[65,173,174],{"class":79},")\n",[65,176,178,180,182,185],{"class":67,"line":177},5,[65,179,165],{"class":164},[65,181,168],{"class":79},[65,183,184],{"class":147},"data",[65,186,174],{"class":79},[20,188,189],{},[46,190,191],{},"Output:",[56,193,195],{"className":58,"code":194,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,196,197,214],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,198,199,201,204,206,208,210,212],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,200,168],{"class":79},[65,202,203],{"class":83},"'",[65,205,120],{"class":87},[65,207,203],{"class":83},[65,209,100],{"class":79},[65,211,127],{"class":96},[65,213,174],{"class":79},[65,215,216,219,221,223,225,227,229,231,234,236,238,240,242],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,217,218],{"class":79},"{",[65,220,203],{"class":83},[65,222,88],{"class":87},[65,224,203],{"class":83},[65,226,93],{"class":79},[65,228,97],{"class":96},[65,230,100],{"class":79},[65,232,233],{"class":83}," '",[65,235,106],{"class":87},[65,237,203],{"class":83},[65,239,93],{"class":79},[65,241,113],{"class":96},[65,243,130],{"class":79},[20,245,246,248],{},[15,247,17],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[51,250,252,253,255],{"id":251},"what-popitem-does","What ",[15,254,17],{}," does",[20,257,258,93],{},[15,259,17],{},[30,261,262,265,271,274],{},[33,263,264],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[33,266,267,268],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,269,270],{},"(key, value)",[33,272,273],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[33,275,276],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,278,279],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[51,281,283],{"id":282},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[56,285,287],{"className":58,"code":286,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,288,289],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,290,291,294,296,298],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,292,293],{"class":71},"dictionary",[65,295,144],{"class":79},[65,297,148],{"class":147},[65,299,151],{"class":79},[20,301,302],{},"Important points:",[30,304,305,313,316],{},[33,306,307,309,310],{},[15,308,17],{}," takes ",[46,311,312],{},"no arguments",[33,314,315],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[33,317,318],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,320,321,322,328],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[88,323,325],{"href":324},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,326,327],{},"pop()"," instead.",[51,330,332],{"id":331},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,334,335,336,338],{},"The value returned by ",[15,337,17],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[340,341,342,345],"ol",{},[33,343,344],{},"the key",[33,346,347],{},"the value",[20,349,350],{},"Example:",[56,352,354],{"className":58,"code":353,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,355,356,397,413,417],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,357,358,361,363,365,367,370,372,374,376,379,381,383,385,388,390,392,395],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,359,360],{"class":71},"person ",[65,362,76],{"class":75},[65,364,80],{"class":79},[65,366,84],{"class":83},[65,368,369],{"class":87},"name",[65,371,84],{"class":83},[65,373,93],{"class":79},[65,375,103],{"class":83},[65,377,378],{"class":87},"Alice",[65,380,84],{"class":83},[65,382,100],{"class":79},[65,384,103],{"class":83},[65,386,387],{"class":87},"age",[65,389,84],{"class":83},[65,391,93],{"class":79},[65,393,394],{"class":96}," 25",[65,396,130],{"class":79},[65,398,399,402,404,407,409,411],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,400,401],{"class":71},"result ",[65,403,76],{"class":75},[65,405,406],{"class":71}," person",[65,408,144],{"class":79},[65,410,148],{"class":147},[65,412,151],{"class":79},[65,414,415],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,416,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,418,419,421,423,426],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,420,165],{"class":164},[65,422,168],{"class":79},[65,424,425],{"class":147},"result",[65,427,174],{"class":79},[20,429,430],{},[46,431,191],{},[56,433,435],{"className":58,"code":434,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('age', 25)\n",[15,436,437],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,438,439,441,443,445,447,449,451],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,440,168],{"class":79},[65,442,203],{"class":83},[65,444,387],{"class":87},[65,446,203],{"class":83},[65,448,100],{"class":79},[65,450,394],{"class":96},[65,452,174],{"class":79},[20,454,455],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[56,457,459],{"className":58,"code":458,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,460,461],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,462,463,465,467,469,471,473],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,464,401],{"class":71},[65,466,76],{"class":75},[65,468,406],{"class":71},[65,470,144],{"class":79},[65,472,148],{"class":147},[65,474,151],{"class":79},[20,476,477],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[56,479,481],{"className":58,"code":480,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,482,483],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,484,485,488,490,493,495,497,499,501],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,486,487],{"class":71},"key",[65,489,100],{"class":79},[65,491,492],{"class":71}," value ",[65,494,76],{"class":75},[65,496,406],{"class":71},[65,498,144],{"class":79},[65,500,148],{"class":147},[65,502,151],{"class":79},[51,504,506],{"id":505},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,508,509],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[56,511,513],{"className":58,"code":512,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,514,515,566,570,586,590,610],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,516,517,520,522,524,526,529,531,533,536,538,540,543,545,547,550,552,554,557,559,561,564],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,518,519],{"class":71},"scores ",[65,521,76],{"class":75},[65,523,80],{"class":79},[65,525,84],{"class":83},[65,527,528],{"class":87},"Tom",[65,530,84],{"class":83},[65,532,93],{"class":79},[65,534,535],{"class":96}," 80",[65,537,100],{"class":79},[65,539,103],{"class":83},[65,541,542],{"class":87},"Ana",[65,544,84],{"class":83},[65,546,93],{"class":79},[65,548,549],{"class":96}," 95",[65,551,100],{"class":79},[65,553,103],{"class":83},[65,555,556],{"class":87},"Leo",[65,558,84],{"class":83},[65,560,93],{"class":79},[65,562,563],{"class":96}," 88",[65,565,130],{"class":79},[65,567,568],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,569,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,571,572,575,577,580,582,584],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,573,574],{"class":71},"removed_pair ",[65,576,76],{"class":75},[65,578,579],{"class":71}," scores",[65,581,144],{"class":79},[65,583,148],{"class":147},[65,585,151],{"class":79},[65,587,588],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,589,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,591,592,594,596,598,601,603,605,608],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,593,165],{"class":164},[65,595,168],{"class":79},[65,597,84],{"class":83},[65,599,600],{"class":87},"Removed:",[65,602,84],{"class":83},[65,604,100],{"class":79},[65,606,607],{"class":147}," removed_pair",[65,609,174],{"class":79},[65,611,613,615,617,619,622,624,626,628],{"class":67,"line":612},6,[65,614,165],{"class":164},[65,616,168],{"class":79},[65,618,84],{"class":83},[65,620,621],{"class":87},"After removal:",[65,623,84],{"class":83},[65,625,100],{"class":79},[65,627,579],{"class":147},[65,629,174],{"class":79},[20,631,632],{},[46,633,191],{},[56,635,637],{"className":58,"code":636,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,638,639,661],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,640,641,644,646,649,651,653,655,657,659],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,642,643],{"class":71},"Removed",[65,645,93],{"class":79},[65,647,648],{"class":79}," (",[65,650,203],{"class":83},[65,652,556],{"class":87},[65,654,203],{"class":83},[65,656,100],{"class":79},[65,658,563],{"class":96},[65,660,174],{"class":79},[65,662,663,666,668,670,672,674,676,678,680,682,684,686,688,690,692],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,664,665],{"class":71},"After removal",[65,667,93],{"class":79},[65,669,80],{"class":79},[65,671,203],{"class":83},[65,673,528],{"class":87},[65,675,203],{"class":83},[65,677,93],{"class":79},[65,679,535],{"class":96},[65,681,100],{"class":79},[65,683,233],{"class":83},[65,685,542],{"class":87},[65,687,203],{"class":83},[65,689,93],{"class":79},[65,691,549],{"class":96},[65,693,130],{"class":79},[20,695,696,697,700],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,698,699],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[51,702,704],{"id":703},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,706,707,708,710],{},"Because ",[15,709,17],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[56,712,714],{"className":58,"code":713,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,715,716,757,761,780,784,804,824],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,717,718,721,723,725,727,730,732,734,736,739,741,743,745,748,750,752,755],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,719,720],{"class":71},"book ",[65,722,76],{"class":75},[65,724,80],{"class":79},[65,726,84],{"class":83},[65,728,729],{"class":87},"title",[65,731,84],{"class":83},[65,733,93],{"class":79},[65,735,103],{"class":83},[65,737,738],{"class":87},"Python Basics",[65,740,84],{"class":83},[65,742,100],{"class":79},[65,744,103],{"class":83},[65,746,747],{"class":87},"pages",[65,749,84],{"class":83},[65,751,93],{"class":79},[65,753,754],{"class":96}," 200",[65,756,130],{"class":79},[65,758,759],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,760,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,762,763,765,767,769,771,774,776,778],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,764,487],{"class":71},[65,766,100],{"class":79},[65,768,492],{"class":71},[65,770,76],{"class":75},[65,772,773],{"class":71}," book",[65,775,144],{"class":79},[65,777,148],{"class":147},[65,779,151],{"class":79},[65,781,782],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,783,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,785,786,788,790,792,795,797,799,802],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,787,165],{"class":164},[65,789,168],{"class":79},[65,791,84],{"class":83},[65,793,794],{"class":87},"Key:",[65,796,84],{"class":83},[65,798,100],{"class":79},[65,800,801],{"class":147}," key",[65,803,174],{"class":79},[65,805,806,808,810,812,815,817,819,822],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,807,165],{"class":164},[65,809,168],{"class":79},[65,811,84],{"class":83},[65,813,814],{"class":87},"Value:",[65,816,84],{"class":83},[65,818,100],{"class":79},[65,820,821],{"class":147}," value",[65,823,174],{"class":79},[65,825,827,829,831,833,836,838,840,842],{"class":67,"line":826},7,[65,828,165],{"class":164},[65,830,168],{"class":79},[65,832,84],{"class":83},[65,834,835],{"class":87},"Dictionary:",[65,837,84],{"class":83},[65,839,100],{"class":79},[65,841,773],{"class":147},[65,843,174],{"class":79},[20,845,846],{},[46,847,191],{},[56,849,851],{"className":58,"code":850,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,852,853,863,873],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,854,855,858,860],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,856,857],{"class":71},"Key",[65,859,93],{"class":79},[65,861,862],{"class":71}," pages\n",[65,864,865,868,870],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,866,867],{"class":71},"Value",[65,869,93],{"class":79},[65,871,872],{"class":96}," 200\n",[65,874,875,878,880,882,884,886,888,890,892,894,896],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,876,877],{"class":71},"Dictionary",[65,879,93],{"class":79},[65,881,80],{"class":79},[65,883,203],{"class":83},[65,885,729],{"class":87},[65,887,203],{"class":83},[65,889,93],{"class":79},[65,891,233],{"class":83},[65,893,738],{"class":87},[65,895,203],{"class":83},[65,897,130],{"class":79},[20,899,900],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[51,902,904],{"id":903},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,906,907,908,44,910,144],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,909,17],{},[46,911,48],{},[20,913,350],{},[56,915,917],{"className":58,"code":916,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,918,919,966],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,920,921,923,925,927,929,932,934,936,938,940,942,945,947,949,951,953,955,958,960,962,964],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,922,72],{"class":71},[65,924,76],{"class":75},[65,926,80],{"class":79},[65,928,84],{"class":83},[65,930,931],{"class":87},"x",[65,933,84],{"class":83},[65,935,93],{"class":79},[65,937,97],{"class":96},[65,939,100],{"class":79},[65,941,103],{"class":83},[65,943,944],{"class":87},"y",[65,946,84],{"class":83},[65,948,93],{"class":79},[65,950,113],{"class":96},[65,952,100],{"class":79},[65,954,103],{"class":83},[65,956,957],{"class":87},"z",[65,959,84],{"class":83},[65,961,93],{"class":79},[65,963,127],{"class":96},[65,965,130],{"class":79},[65,967,968,970,972,974,976,978],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,969,165],{"class":164},[65,971,168],{"class":79},[65,973,184],{"class":147},[65,975,144],{"class":79},[65,977,148],{"class":147},[65,979,980],{"class":79},"())\n",[20,982,983],{},[46,984,191],{},[56,986,988],{"className":58,"code":987,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('z', 3)\n",[15,989,990],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,991,992,994,996,998,1000,1002,1004],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,993,168],{"class":79},[65,995,203],{"class":83},[65,997,957],{"class":87},[65,999,203],{"class":83},[65,1001,100],{"class":79},[65,1003,127],{"class":96},[65,1005,174],{"class":79},[20,1007,1008],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,1010,1011,1012,1015,1016,1018],{},"As a beginner, do ",[46,1013,1014],{},"not"," think of ",[15,1017,17],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,1020,1021,1022,1028,1029,1035,1036,144],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[88,1023,1025],{"href":1024},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,1026,1027],{},"items()",", ",[88,1030,1032],{"href":1031},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,1033,1034],{},"keys()",", and ",[88,1037,1039],{"href":1038},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,1040,1041],{},"values()",[51,1043,1045,1046,1048,1049],{"id":1044},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,1047,17],{}," and ",[15,1050,327],{},[20,1052,1053,1048,1055,1057],{},[15,1054,17],{},[15,1056,327],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1059,1060,1061],"h3",{"id":148},[15,1062,17],{},[30,1064,1065,1068,1071],{},[33,1066,1067],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[33,1069,1070],{},"does not need a key argument",[33,1072,1073,1074],{},"returns ",[15,1075,270],{},[1059,1077,1079],{"id":1078},"pop",[15,1080,327],{},[30,1082,1083,1086,1089],{},[33,1084,1085],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[33,1087,1088],{},"needs the key name",[33,1090,1091],{},"returns only the value",[20,1093,350],{},[56,1095,1097],{"className":58,"code":1096,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,1098,1099,1143,1147,1161,1181,1185,1208,1227,1232],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,1100,1101,1103,1105,1107,1109,1111,1113,1115,1117,1119,1121,1123,1125,1127,1129,1131,1133,1135,1137,1139,1141],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,1102,72],{"class":71},[65,1104,76],{"class":75},[65,1106,80],{"class":79},[65,1108,84],{"class":83},[65,1110,88],{"class":87},[65,1112,84],{"class":83},[65,1114,93],{"class":79},[65,1116,97],{"class":96},[65,1118,100],{"class":79},[65,1120,103],{"class":83},[65,1122,106],{"class":87},[65,1124,84],{"class":83},[65,1126,93],{"class":79},[65,1128,113],{"class":96},[65,1130,100],{"class":79},[65,1132,103],{"class":83},[65,1134,120],{"class":87},[65,1136,84],{"class":83},[65,1138,93],{"class":79},[65,1140,127],{"class":96},[65,1142,130],{"class":79},[65,1144,1145],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,1146,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,1148,1149,1151,1153,1155,1157,1159],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,1150,136],{"class":71},[65,1152,76],{"class":75},[65,1154,141],{"class":71},[65,1156,144],{"class":79},[65,1158,148],{"class":147},[65,1160,151],{"class":79},[65,1162,1163,1165,1167,1169,1172,1174,1176,1179],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,1164,165],{"class":164},[65,1166,168],{"class":79},[65,1168,84],{"class":83},[65,1170,1171],{"class":87},"popitem():",[65,1173,84],{"class":83},[65,1175,100],{"class":79},[65,1177,1178],{"class":147}," item",[65,1180,174],{"class":79},[65,1182,1183],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,1184,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,1186,1187,1190,1192,1194,1196,1198,1200,1202,1204,1206],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,1188,1189],{"class":71},"value ",[65,1191,76],{"class":75},[65,1193,141],{"class":71},[65,1195,144],{"class":79},[65,1197,1078],{"class":147},[65,1199,168],{"class":79},[65,1201,84],{"class":83},[65,1203,88],{"class":87},[65,1205,84],{"class":83},[65,1207,174],{"class":79},[65,1209,1210,1212,1214,1216,1219,1221,1223,1225],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,1211,165],{"class":164},[65,1213,168],{"class":79},[65,1215,84],{"class":83},[65,1217,1218],{"class":87},"pop('a'):",[65,1220,84],{"class":83},[65,1222,100],{"class":79},[65,1224,821],{"class":147},[65,1226,174],{"class":79},[65,1228,1230],{"class":67,"line":1229},8,[65,1231,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,1233,1235,1237,1239,1241],{"class":67,"line":1234},9,[65,1236,165],{"class":164},[65,1238,168],{"class":79},[65,1240,184],{"class":147},[65,1242,174],{"class":79},[20,1244,1245],{},[46,1246,191],{},[56,1248,1250],{"className":58,"code":1249,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,1251,1252,1273,1291],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,1253,1254,1256,1259,1261,1263,1265,1267,1269,1271],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,1255,148],{"class":147},[65,1257,1258],{"class":79},"():",[65,1260,648],{"class":79},[65,1262,203],{"class":83},[65,1264,120],{"class":87},[65,1266,203],{"class":83},[65,1268,100],{"class":79},[65,1270,127],{"class":96},[65,1272,174],{"class":79},[65,1274,1275,1277,1279,1281,1283,1285,1288],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,1276,1078],{"class":147},[65,1278,168],{"class":79},[65,1280,203],{"class":83},[65,1282,88],{"class":87},[65,1284,203],{"class":83},[65,1286,1287],{"class":79},"):",[65,1289,1290],{"class":96}," 1\n",[65,1292,1293,1295,1297,1299,1301,1303,1305],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,1294,218],{"class":79},[65,1296,203],{"class":83},[65,1298,106],{"class":87},[65,1300,203],{"class":83},[65,1302,93],{"class":79},[65,1304,113],{"class":96},[65,1306,130],{"class":79},[20,1308,1309,1310,1314],{},"Use ",[88,1311,1312],{"href":324},[15,1313,327],{}," when you know the key.",[20,1316,1309,1317,1319],{},[15,1318,17],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[51,1321,1323],{"id":1322},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,1325,1326,1327,1329],{},"Calling ",[15,1328,17],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[56,1331,1333],{"className":58,"code":1332,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,1334,1335,1344],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,1336,1337,1339,1341],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,1338,72],{"class":71},[65,1340,76],{"class":75},[65,1342,1343],{"class":79}," {}\n",[65,1345,1346,1348,1350,1352],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,1347,184],{"class":71},[65,1349,144],{"class":79},[65,1351,148],{"class":147},[65,1353,151],{"class":79},[20,1355,1356],{},[46,1357,1358],{},"Error:",[56,1360,1362],{"className":58,"code":1361,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,1363,1364],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,1365,1366,1370,1372,1374,1377],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,1367,1369],{"class":1368},"sZMiF","KeyError",[65,1371,93],{"class":79},[65,1373,233],{"class":83},[65,1375,1376],{"class":87},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[65,1378,1379],{"class":83},"'\n",[1059,1381,1383],{"id":1382},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[56,1385,1387],{"className":58,"code":1386,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,1388,1389,1397,1401,1412,1427,1438,1445],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,1390,1391,1393,1395],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,1392,72],{"class":71},[65,1394,76],{"class":75},[65,1396,1343],{"class":79},[65,1398,1399],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,1400,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,1402,1403,1407,1409],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,1404,1406],{"class":1405},"sVHd0","if",[65,1408,141],{"class":71},[65,1410,1411],{"class":79},":\n",[65,1413,1414,1417,1419,1421,1423,1425],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,1415,1416],{"class":71},"    item ",[65,1418,76],{"class":75},[65,1420,141],{"class":71},[65,1422,144],{"class":79},[65,1424,148],{"class":147},[65,1426,151],{"class":79},[65,1428,1429,1432,1434,1436],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,1430,1431],{"class":164},"    print",[65,1433,168],{"class":79},[65,1435,171],{"class":147},[65,1437,174],{"class":79},[65,1439,1440,1443],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,1441,1442],{"class":1405},"else",[65,1444,1411],{"class":79},[65,1446,1447,1449,1451,1453,1456,1458],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,1448,1431],{"class":164},[65,1450,168],{"class":79},[65,1452,84],{"class":83},[65,1454,1455],{"class":87},"Dictionary is empty",[65,1457,84],{"class":83},[65,1459,174],{"class":79},[1059,1461,1463,1464],{"id":1462},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,1465,1466],{},"try-except",[56,1468,1470],{"className":58,"code":1469,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,1471,1472,1480,1484,1491,1505,1515,1525],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,1473,1474,1476,1478],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,1475,72],{"class":71},[65,1477,76],{"class":75},[65,1479,1343],{"class":79},[65,1481,1482],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,1483,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,1485,1486,1489],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,1487,1488],{"class":1405},"try",[65,1490,1411],{"class":79},[65,1492,1493,1495,1497,1499,1501,1503],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,1494,1416],{"class":71},[65,1496,76],{"class":75},[65,1498,141],{"class":71},[65,1500,144],{"class":79},[65,1502,148],{"class":147},[65,1504,151],{"class":79},[65,1506,1507,1509,1511,1513],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,1508,1431],{"class":164},[65,1510,168],{"class":79},[65,1512,171],{"class":147},[65,1514,174],{"class":79},[65,1516,1517,1520,1523],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,1518,1519],{"class":1405},"except",[65,1521,1522],{"class":1368}," KeyError",[65,1524,1411],{"class":79},[65,1526,1527,1529,1531,1533,1536,1538],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,1528,1431],{"class":164},[65,1530,168],{"class":79},[65,1532,84],{"class":83},[65,1534,1535],{"class":87},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[65,1537,84],{"class":83},[65,1539,174],{"class":79},[20,1541,1542,1543,144],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[88,1544,1546,1547],{"href":1545},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,1548,1549],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[51,1551,1553,1554],{"id":1552},"when-to-use-popitem","When to use ",[15,1555,17],{},[20,1557,1558,1560],{},[15,1559,17],{}," is useful when:",[30,1562,1563,1566,1569],{},[33,1564,1565],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[33,1567,1568],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[33,1570,1571],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,1573,1574],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[56,1576,1578],{"className":58,"code":1577,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,1579,1580,1590,1612,1632,1651,1655,1659,1669,1688],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,1581,1582,1585,1587],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,1583,1584],{"class":71},"tasks ",[65,1586,76],{"class":75},[65,1588,1589],{"class":79}," {\n",[65,1591,1592,1595,1598,1600,1602,1604,1607,1609],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,1593,1594],{"class":83},"    \"",[65,1596,1597],{"class":87},"first",[65,1599,84],{"class":83},[65,1601,93],{"class":79},[65,1603,103],{"class":83},[65,1605,1606],{"class":87},"wash dishes",[65,1608,84],{"class":83},[65,1610,1611],{"class":79},",\n",[65,1613,1614,1616,1619,1621,1623,1625,1628,1630],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,1615,1594],{"class":83},[65,1617,1618],{"class":87},"second",[65,1620,84],{"class":83},[65,1622,93],{"class":79},[65,1624,103],{"class":83},[65,1626,1627],{"class":87},"do homework",[65,1629,84],{"class":83},[65,1631,1611],{"class":79},[65,1633,1634,1636,1639,1641,1643,1645,1648],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,1635,1594],{"class":83},[65,1637,1638],{"class":87},"third",[65,1640,84],{"class":83},[65,1642,93],{"class":79},[65,1644,103],{"class":83},[65,1646,1647],{"class":87},"read book",[65,1649,1650],{"class":83},"\"\n",[65,1652,1653],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,1654,130],{"class":79},[65,1656,1657],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,1658,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,1660,1661,1664,1667],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,1662,1663],{"class":1405},"while",[65,1665,1666],{"class":71}," tasks",[65,1668,1411],{"class":79},[65,1670,1671,1674,1676,1678,1680,1682,1684,1686],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,1672,1673],{"class":71},"    key",[65,1675,100],{"class":79},[65,1677,492],{"class":71},[65,1679,76],{"class":75},[65,1681,1666],{"class":71},[65,1683,144],{"class":79},[65,1685,148],{"class":147},[65,1687,151],{"class":79},[65,1689,1690,1692,1694,1698,1700,1702,1704,1707,1710,1712,1715,1717,1719],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,1691,1431],{"class":164},[65,1693,168],{"class":79},[65,1695,1697],{"class":1696},"sbsja","f",[65,1699,84],{"class":87},[65,1701,218],{"class":96},[65,1703,487],{"class":147},[65,1705,1706],{"class":96},"}",[65,1708,1709],{"class":87},": ",[65,1711,218],{"class":96},[65,1713,1714],{"class":147},"value",[65,1716,1706],{"class":96},[65,1718,84],{"class":87},[65,1720,174],{"class":79},[20,1722,1723],{},[46,1724,1725],{},"Possible output:",[56,1727,1729],{"className":58,"code":1728,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,1730,1731,1740,1749],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,1732,1733,1735,1737],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,1734,1638],{"class":71},[65,1736,93],{"class":79},[65,1738,1739],{"class":71}," read book\n",[65,1741,1742,1744,1746],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,1743,1618],{"class":71},[65,1745,93],{"class":79},[65,1747,1748],{"class":71}," do homework\n",[65,1750,1751,1753,1755],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,1752,1597],{"class":71},[65,1754,93],{"class":79},[65,1756,1757],{"class":71}," wash dishes\n",[20,1759,707,1760,1762],{},[15,1761,17],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[51,1764,1766],{"id":1765},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1768,1769,1770,93],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,1771,17],{},[30,1773,1774,1788,1808,1821],{},[33,1775,1776,1781],{},[46,1777,1326,1778,1780],{},[15,1779,17],{}," on an empty dictionary",[30,1782,1783],{},[33,1784,1785,1786,144],{},"This raises ",[15,1787,1369],{},[33,1789,1790,1796],{},[46,1791,1792,1793,1795],{},"Expecting ",[15,1794,17],{}," to remove a specific key",[30,1797,1798,1801],{},[33,1799,1800],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[33,1802,1309,1803,1807],{},[88,1804,1805],{"href":324},[15,1806,327],{}," if you need that.",[33,1809,1810,1816],{},[46,1811,1812,1813,1815],{},"Forgetting that ",[15,1814,17],{}," changes the original dictionary",[30,1817,1818],{},[33,1819,1820],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[33,1822,1823,1826],{},[46,1824,1825],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[30,1827,1828],{},[33,1829,1830,1832,1833,1835],{},[15,1831,17],{}," returns a ",[15,1834,270],{}," tuple.",[20,1837,1838],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[56,1840,1842],{"className":58,"code":1841,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,1843,1844,1855,1871,1875,1890],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,1845,1846,1848,1850,1853],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,1847,165],{"class":164},[65,1849,168],{"class":79},[65,1851,1852],{"class":147},"my_dict",[65,1854,174],{"class":79},[65,1856,1857,1859,1861,1864,1866,1868],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,1858,165],{"class":164},[65,1860,168],{"class":79},[65,1862,1863],{"class":164},"len",[65,1865,168],{"class":79},[65,1867,1852],{"class":147},[65,1869,1870],{"class":79},"))\n",[65,1872,1873],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,1874,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,1876,1877,1879,1881,1884,1886,1888],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,1878,136],{"class":71},[65,1880,76],{"class":75},[65,1882,1883],{"class":71}," my_dict",[65,1885,144],{"class":79},[65,1887,148],{"class":147},[65,1889,151],{"class":79},[65,1891,1892,1894,1896,1898],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,1893,165],{"class":164},[65,1895,168],{"class":79},[65,1897,171],{"class":147},[65,1899,174],{"class":79},[20,1901,1902],{},"Or with unpacking:",[56,1904,1906],{"className":58,"code":1905,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,1907,1908,1926,1936],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,1909,1910,1912,1914,1916,1918,1920,1922,1924],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,1911,487],{"class":71},[65,1913,100],{"class":79},[65,1915,492],{"class":71},[65,1917,76],{"class":75},[65,1919,1883],{"class":71},[65,1921,144],{"class":79},[65,1923,148],{"class":147},[65,1925,151],{"class":79},[65,1927,1928,1930,1932,1934],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,1929,165],{"class":164},[65,1931,168],{"class":79},[65,1933,487],{"class":147},[65,1935,174],{"class":79},[65,1937,1938,1940,1942,1944],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,1939,165],{"class":164},[65,1941,168],{"class":79},[65,1943,1714],{"class":147},[65,1945,174],{"class":79},[51,1947,1949],{"id":1948},"faq","FAQ",[1059,1951,1953,1954,1956],{"id":1952},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python","What does ",[15,1955,17],{}," return in Python?",[20,1958,1959,1960,144],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,1961,1962],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1059,1964,1966,1967,1969],{"id":1965},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item","Does ",[15,1968,17],{}," remove the last item?",[20,1971,1972],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1059,1974,1976,1977,1979],{"id":1975},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,1978,17],{}," removes?",[20,1981,1982,1983,1987],{},"No. Use ",[88,1984,1985],{"href":324},[15,1986,327],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1059,1989,1966,1991,1993],{"id":1990},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,1992,17],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,1995,1996],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1059,1998,2000,2001,2003],{"id":1999},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,2002,17],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,2005,2006,2007,2009,2010,144],{},"It raises ",[15,2008,1369],{}," with the message ",[15,2011,1376],{},[51,2013,2015],{"id":2014},"see-also","See also",[30,2017,2018,2025,2031,2037,2043,2051,2057,2063],{},[33,2019,2020],{},[88,2021,2022,2024],{"href":324},[15,2023,327],{}," method for dictionaries",[33,2026,2027],{},[88,2028,2029,2024],{"href":1024},[15,2030,1027],{},[33,2032,2033],{},[88,2034,2035,2024],{"href":1031},[15,2036,1034],{},[33,2038,2039],{},[88,2040,2041,2024],{"href":1038},[15,2042,1041],{},[33,2044,2045],{},[88,2046,2048,2024],{"href":2047},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,2049,2050],{},"clear()",[33,2052,2053],{},[88,2054,2056],{"href":2055},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[33,2058,2059],{},[88,2060,2062],{"href":2061},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[33,2064,2065],{},[88,2066,2067,2068],{"href":1545},"Fix ",[15,2069,1549],{},[2071,2072,2073],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":2075},[2076,2077,2079,2080,2081,2082,2083,2084,2089,2094,2096,2097,2109],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":251,"depth":133,"text":2078},"What popitem() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":331,"depth":133,"text":332},{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506},{"id":703,"depth":133,"text":704},{"id":903,"depth":133,"text":904},{"id":1044,"depth":133,"text":2085,"children":2086},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[2087,2088],{"id":148,"depth":154,"text":17},{"id":1078,"depth":154,"text":327},{"id":1322,"depth":133,"text":1323,"children":2090},[2091,2092],{"id":1382,"depth":154,"text":1383},{"id":1462,"depth":154,"text":2093},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":1552,"depth":133,"text":2095},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":2098},[2099,2101,2103,2105,2107],{"id":1952,"depth":154,"text":2100},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":1965,"depth":154,"text":2102},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":1975,"depth":154,"text":2104},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":1990,"depth":154,"text":2106},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":1999,"depth":154,"text":2108},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":5,"description":2110},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",[2118,3716,5428,7123,9261,11455,12958,15129,17322,19782,21619,24176,26274,28551,30305,32216,34213,35653,37482,40007,42169,43398,44769,46417,48738,50582,52564,54258,55511,57205,58956,60928,62678,64778,66138,68089,69652,71643,73438,75338,77780,79858,82498,84527,86490,88678,90682,92995,94677,96122,97316,98494,100334,102774,104478,106493,108017,109262,110425,111807,113878,115775,117549,119415,121534,123274,124736,126330,128253,129930,131865,133354,136138,137715,139274,141302,143254,144717,145906,147792,149203,150899,152453,153875,155278,157176,159570,161401],{"id":2119,"title":2120,"body":2121,"description":3710,"extension":2111,"meta":3711,"navigation":157,"path":3712,"seo":3713,"stem":3714,"__hash__":3715},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2122,"toc":3682},[2123,2126,2132,2135,2146,2149,2151,2216,2218,2238,2243,2247,2252,2255,2271,2274,2300,2303,2305,2308,2323,2326,2352,2354,2412,2414,2429,2439,2450,2454,2457,2511,2513,2533,2536,2560,2567,2571,2576,2582,2584,2620,2622,2631,2638,2656,2659,2671,2675,2680,2684,2687,2708,2710,2768,2770,2778,2781,2785,2817,2819,2827,2830,2834,2839,2887,2889,2897,2901,2961,2963,2971,2974,2976,2980,2983,3006,3015,3031,3082,3084,3099,3110,3114,3117,3147,3154,3158,3163,3204,3206,3217,3220,3263,3265,3273,3277,3282,3304,3306,3315,3324,3328,3333,3355,3357,3428,3430,3480,3483,3486,3489,3568,3570,3601,3603,3607,3610,3614,3617,3621,3624,3628,3640,3644,3647,3649,3679],[10,2124,2120],{"id":2125},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2127,22,2128,2131],{},[15,2129,2130],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2133,2134],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[30,2136,2137,2140,2143],{},[33,2138,2139],{},"a number without its negative sign",[33,2141,2142],{},"the distance between two numbers",[33,2144,2145],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2147,2148],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[51,2150,54],{"id":53},[56,2152,2154],{"className":58,"code":2153,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2155,2156,2175,2190],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2157,2158,2160,2162,2165,2167,2170,2173],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2159,165],{"class":164},[65,2161,168],{"class":79},[65,2163,2164],{"class":164},"abs",[65,2166,168],{"class":79},[65,2168,2169],{"class":75},"-",[65,2171,2172],{"class":96},"7",[65,2174,1870],{"class":79},[65,2176,2177,2179,2181,2183,2185,2188],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,2178,165],{"class":164},[65,2180,168],{"class":79},[65,2182,2164],{"class":164},[65,2184,168],{"class":79},[65,2186,2187],{"class":96},"3.5",[65,2189,1870],{"class":79},[65,2191,2192,2194,2196,2198,2200,2202,2205,2208,2211,2214],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,2193,165],{"class":164},[65,2195,168],{"class":79},[65,2197,2164],{"class":164},[65,2199,168],{"class":79},[65,2201,2169],{"class":75},[65,2203,2204],{"class":96},"2",[65,2206,2207],{"class":75},"+",[65,2209,2210],{"class":96},"3",[65,2212,2213],{"class":1696},"j",[65,2215,1870],{"class":79},[20,2217,191],{},[56,2219,2221],{"className":58,"code":2220,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2222,2223,2228,2233],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2224,2225],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2226,2227],{"class":96},"7\n",[65,2229,2230],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,2231,2232],{"class":96},"3.5\n",[65,2234,2235],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,2236,2237],{"class":96},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2239,1309,2240,2242],{},[15,2241,2130],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[51,2244,2246],{"id":2245},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2248,2249,2251],{},[15,2250,2130],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2253,2254],{},"That means:",[30,2256,2257,2260,2263],{},[33,2258,2259],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[33,2261,2262],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[33,2264,2265,2268,2269],{},[15,2266,2267],{},"0"," stays ",[15,2270,2267],{},[20,2272,2273],{},"Examples:",[30,2275,2276,2285,2293],{},[33,2277,2278,2281,2282],{},[15,2279,2280],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2283,2284],{},"5",[33,2286,2287,2281,2290],{},[15,2288,2289],{},"abs(9)",[15,2291,2292],{},"9",[33,2294,2295,2281,2298],{},[15,2296,2297],{},"abs(0)",[15,2299,2267],{},[20,2301,2302],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[51,2304,283],{"id":282},[20,2306,2307],{},"The syntax is:",[56,2309,2311],{"className":58,"code":2310,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"abs(x)\n",[15,2312,2313],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2314,2315,2317,2319,2321],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2316,2164],{"class":164},[65,2318,168],{"class":79},[65,2320,931],{"class":147},[65,2322,174],{"class":79},[20,2324,2325],{},"Here:",[30,2327,2328,2344,2349],{},[33,2329,2330,2332,2333,1028,2336,2339,2340,2343],{},[15,2331,931],{}," is usually an ",[15,2334,2335],{},"int",[15,2337,2338],{},"float",", or ",[15,2341,2342],{},"complex"," number",[33,2345,2346,2348],{},[15,2347,2130],{}," returns a new value",[33,2350,2351],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2353,350],{},[56,2355,2357],{"className":58,"code":2356,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2358,2359,2372,2388,2392,2402],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2360,2361,2364,2366,2369],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2362,2363],{"class":71},"number ",[65,2365,76],{"class":75},[65,2367,2368],{"class":75}," -",[65,2370,2371],{"class":96},"12\n",[65,2373,2374,2376,2378,2381,2383,2386],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,2375,401],{"class":71},[65,2377,76],{"class":75},[65,2379,2380],{"class":164}," abs",[65,2382,168],{"class":79},[65,2384,2385],{"class":147},"number",[65,2387,174],{"class":79},[65,2389,2390],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,2391,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,2393,2394,2396,2398,2400],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,2395,165],{"class":164},[65,2397,168],{"class":79},[65,2399,2385],{"class":147},[65,2401,174],{"class":79},[65,2403,2404,2406,2408,2410],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,2405,165],{"class":164},[65,2407,168],{"class":79},[65,2409,425],{"class":147},[65,2411,174],{"class":79},[20,2413,191],{},[56,2415,2417],{"className":58,"code":2416,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"-12\n12\n",[15,2418,2419,2425],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2420,2421,2423],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2422,2169],{"class":75},[65,2424,2371],{"class":96},[65,2426,2427],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,2428,2371],{"class":96},[20,2430,2431,2432,2434,2435,2438],{},"Notice that ",[15,2433,2385],{}," is still ",[15,2436,2437],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2440,2441,2442,2449],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[88,2443,2445,2448],{"href":2444},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2446,2447],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[51,2451,2453],{"id":2452},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2455,2456],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[56,2458,2460],{"className":58,"code":2459,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2461,2462,2479,2494],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2463,2464,2466,2468,2470,2472,2474,2477],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2465,165],{"class":164},[65,2467,168],{"class":79},[65,2469,2164],{"class":164},[65,2471,168],{"class":79},[65,2473,2169],{"class":75},[65,2475,2476],{"class":96},"10",[65,2478,1870],{"class":79},[65,2480,2481,2483,2485,2487,2489,2492],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,2482,165],{"class":164},[65,2484,168],{"class":79},[65,2486,2164],{"class":164},[65,2488,168],{"class":79},[65,2490,2491],{"class":96},"8",[65,2493,1870],{"class":79},[65,2495,2496,2498,2500,2502,2504,2506,2509],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,2497,165],{"class":164},[65,2499,168],{"class":79},[65,2501,2164],{"class":164},[65,2503,168],{"class":79},[65,2505,2169],{"class":75},[65,2507,2508],{"class":96},"4.2",[65,2510,1870],{"class":79},[20,2512,191],{},[56,2514,2516],{"className":58,"code":2515,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2517,2518,2523,2528],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2519,2520],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2521,2522],{"class":96},"10\n",[65,2524,2525],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,2526,2527],{"class":96},"8\n",[65,2529,2530],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,2531,2532],{"class":96},"4.2\n",[20,2534,2535],{},"What each line does:",[30,2537,2538,2546,2553],{},[33,2539,2540,2543,2544],{},[15,2541,2542],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2545,2476],{},[33,2547,2548,2543,2551],{},[15,2549,2550],{},"abs(8)",[15,2552,2491],{},[33,2554,2555,2543,2558],{},[15,2556,2557],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2559,2508],{},[20,2561,2562,2563,144],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[88,2564,2566],{"href":2565},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[51,2568,2570],{"id":2569},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2572,2573,2575],{},[15,2574,2130],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2577,2578,2579,2581],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2580,2267],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2583,350],{},[56,2585,2587],{"className":58,"code":2586,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2588,2589,2606],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2590,2591,2593,2595,2597,2600,2603],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2592,1189],{"class":71},[65,2594,76],{"class":75},[65,2596,127],{"class":96},[65,2598,2599],{"class":75}," +",[65,2601,2602],{"class":96}," 4",[65,2604,2605],{"class":1696},"j\n",[65,2607,2608,2610,2612,2614,2616,2618],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,2609,165],{"class":164},[65,2611,168],{"class":79},[65,2613,2164],{"class":164},[65,2615,168],{"class":79},[65,2617,1714],{"class":147},[65,2619,1870],{"class":79},[20,2621,191],{},[56,2623,2625],{"className":58,"code":2624,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"5.0\n",[15,2626,2627],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2628,2629],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2630,2624],{"class":96},[20,2632,2633,2634,2637],{},"Why ",[15,2635,2636],{},"5.0","?",[30,2639,2640,2645,2651],{},[33,2641,2642,2643],{},"the real part is ",[15,2644,2210],{},[33,2646,2647,2648],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2649,2650],{},"4",[33,2652,2653,2654],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2655,2636],{},[20,2657,2658],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[30,2660,2661,2668],{},[33,2662,2663,2665,2666],{},[15,2664,2130],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2667,2338],{},[33,2669,2670],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[51,2672,2674],{"id":2673},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2676,2677,2678,144],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2679,2130],{},[1059,2681,2683],{"id":2682},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2685,2686],{},"A very common pattern is:",[56,2688,2690],{"className":58,"code":2689,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2691,2692],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2693,2694,2696,2698,2701,2703,2706],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2695,2164],{"class":164},[65,2697,168],{"class":79},[65,2699,2700],{"class":147},"a ",[65,2702,2169],{"class":75},[65,2704,2705],{"class":147}," b",[65,2707,174],{"class":79},[20,2709,350],{},[56,2711,2713],{"className":58,"code":2712,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2714,2715,2724,2734,2738,2757],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2716,2717,2719,2721],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2718,2700],{"class":71},[65,2720,76],{"class":75},[65,2722,2723],{"class":96}," 3\n",[65,2725,2726,2729,2731],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,2727,2728],{"class":71},"b ",[65,2730,76],{"class":75},[65,2732,2733],{"class":96}," 10\n",[65,2735,2736],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,2737,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,2739,2740,2743,2745,2747,2749,2751,2753,2755],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,2741,2742],{"class":71},"distance ",[65,2744,76],{"class":75},[65,2746,2380],{"class":164},[65,2748,168],{"class":79},[65,2750,2700],{"class":147},[65,2752,2169],{"class":75},[65,2754,2705],{"class":147},[65,2756,174],{"class":79},[65,2758,2759,2761,2763,2766],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,2760,165],{"class":164},[65,2762,168],{"class":79},[65,2764,2765],{"class":147},"distance",[65,2767,174],{"class":79},[20,2769,191],{},[56,2771,2772],{"className":58,"code":2227,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,2773,2774],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2775,2776],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2777,2227],{"class":96},[20,2779,2780],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1059,2782,2784],{"id":2783},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[56,2786,2788],{"className":58,"code":2787,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2789,2790,2802],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2791,2792,2795,2797,2799],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2793,2794],{"class":71},"temperature_change ",[65,2796,76],{"class":75},[65,2798,2368],{"class":75},[65,2800,2801],{"class":96},"6\n",[65,2803,2804,2806,2808,2810,2812,2815],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,2805,165],{"class":164},[65,2807,168],{"class":79},[65,2809,2164],{"class":164},[65,2811,168],{"class":79},[65,2813,2814],{"class":147},"temperature_change",[65,2816,1870],{"class":79},[20,2818,191],{},[56,2820,2821],{"className":58,"code":2801,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,2822,2823],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2824,2825],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2826,2801],{"class":96},[20,2828,2829],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1059,2831,2833],{"id":2832},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2835,2836,2837,2449],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2838,2130],{},[56,2840,2842],{"className":58,"code":2841,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2843,2844,2856,2872,2876],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2845,2846,2849,2851,2853],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2847,2848],{"class":71},"balance_change ",[65,2850,76],{"class":75},[65,2852,2368],{"class":75},[65,2854,2855],{"class":96},"25\n",[65,2857,2858,2861,2863,2865,2867,2870],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,2859,2860],{"class":71},"safe_value ",[65,2862,76],{"class":75},[65,2864,2380],{"class":164},[65,2866,168],{"class":79},[65,2868,2869],{"class":147},"balance_change",[65,2871,174],{"class":79},[65,2873,2874],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,2875,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,2877,2878,2880,2882,2885],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,2879,165],{"class":164},[65,2881,168],{"class":79},[65,2883,2884],{"class":147},"safe_value",[65,2886,174],{"class":79},[20,2888,191],{},[56,2890,2891],{"className":58,"code":2855,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,2892,2893],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2894,2895],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2896,2855],{"class":96},[1059,2898,2900],{"id":2899},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[56,2902,2904],{"className":58,"code":2903,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2905,2906,2916,2926,2930,2950],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2907,2908,2911,2913],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2909,2910],{"class":71},"guess ",[65,2912,76],{"class":75},[65,2914,2915],{"class":96}," 42\n",[65,2917,2918,2921,2923],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,2919,2920],{"class":71},"target ",[65,2922,76],{"class":75},[65,2924,2925],{"class":96}," 50\n",[65,2927,2928],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,2929,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,2931,2932,2935,2937,2939,2941,2943,2945,2948],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,2933,2934],{"class":71},"difference ",[65,2936,76],{"class":75},[65,2938,2380],{"class":164},[65,2940,168],{"class":79},[65,2942,2910],{"class":147},[65,2944,2169],{"class":75},[65,2946,2947],{"class":147}," target",[65,2949,174],{"class":79},[65,2951,2952,2954,2956,2959],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,2953,165],{"class":164},[65,2955,168],{"class":79},[65,2957,2958],{"class":147},"difference",[65,2960,174],{"class":79},[20,2962,191],{},[56,2964,2965],{"className":58,"code":2527,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,2966,2967],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2968,2969],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2970,2527],{"class":96},[20,2972,2973],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[51,2975,1766],{"id":1765},[1059,2977,2979],{"id":2978},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2981,2982],{},"This causes an error:",[56,2984,2986],{"className":58,"code":2985,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2987,2988],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,2989,2990,2992,2994,2996,2998,3000,3002,3004],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,2991,165],{"class":164},[65,2993,168],{"class":79},[65,2995,2164],{"class":164},[65,2997,168],{"class":79},[65,2999,84],{"class":83},[65,3001,2284],{"class":87},[65,3003,84],{"class":83},[65,3005,1870],{"class":79},[20,3007,3008,3011,3012,3014],{},[15,3009,3010],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3013,2130],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3016,3017,3018,3024,3025,93],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[88,3019,3021],{"href":3020},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3022,3023],{},"int()"," or ",[88,3026,3028],{"href":3027},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3029,3030],{},"float()",[56,3032,3034],{"className":58,"code":3033,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3035,3036,3059],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3037,3038,3040,3042,3044,3046,3048,3050,3052,3054,3056],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3039,165],{"class":164},[65,3041,168],{"class":79},[65,3043,2164],{"class":164},[65,3045,168],{"class":79},[65,3047,2335],{"class":1368},[65,3049,168],{"class":79},[65,3051,84],{"class":83},[65,3053,2284],{"class":87},[65,3055,84],{"class":83},[65,3057,3058],{"class":79},")))\n",[65,3060,3061,3063,3065,3067,3069,3071,3073,3075,3078,3080],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,3062,165],{"class":164},[65,3064,168],{"class":79},[65,3066,2164],{"class":164},[65,3068,168],{"class":79},[65,3070,2338],{"class":1368},[65,3072,168],{"class":79},[65,3074,84],{"class":83},[65,3076,3077],{"class":87},"-3.2",[65,3079,84],{"class":83},[65,3081,3058],{"class":79},[20,3083,191],{},[56,3085,3087],{"className":58,"code":3086,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3088,3089,3094],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3090,3091],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3092,3093],{"class":96},"5\n",[65,3095,3096],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,3097,3098],{"class":96},"3.2\n",[20,3100,3101,3102,3105,3106,144],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3103,3104],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[88,3107,3109],{"href":3108},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1059,3111,3113],{"id":3112},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3115,3116],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[56,3118,3120],{"className":58,"code":3119,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3121,3122],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3123,3124,3126,3128,3130,3133,3136,3138,3140,3142,3144],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3125,165],{"class":164},[65,3127,168],{"class":79},[65,3129,2164],{"class":164},[65,3131,3132],{"class":79},"([",[65,3134,3135],{"class":96},"1",[65,3137,100],{"class":79},[65,3139,113],{"class":96},[65,3141,100],{"class":79},[65,3143,127],{"class":96},[65,3145,3146],{"class":79},"]))\n",[20,3148,3149,3150,3153],{},"This raises a ",[15,3151,3152],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1059,3155,3157],{"id":3156},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3159,3160,3162],{},[15,3161,2130],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[56,3164,3166],{"className":58,"code":3165,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3167,3168,3180,3190,3194],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3169,3170,3173,3175,3177],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3171,3172],{"class":71},"x ",[65,3174,76],{"class":75},[65,3176,2368],{"class":75},[65,3178,3179],{"class":96},"9\n",[65,3181,3182,3184,3186,3188],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,3183,2164],{"class":164},[65,3185,168],{"class":79},[65,3187,931],{"class":147},[65,3189,174],{"class":79},[65,3191,3192],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,3193,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,3195,3196,3198,3200,3202],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,3197,165],{"class":164},[65,3199,168],{"class":79},[65,3201,931],{"class":147},[65,3203,174],{"class":79},[20,3205,191],{},[56,3207,3209],{"className":58,"code":3208,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"-9\n",[15,3210,3211],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3212,3213,3215],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3214,2169],{"class":75},[65,3216,3179],{"class":96},[20,3218,3219],{},"If you want to store the result:",[56,3221,3223],{"className":58,"code":3222,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3224,3225,3235,3249,3253],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3226,3227,3229,3231,3233],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3228,3172],{"class":71},[65,3230,76],{"class":75},[65,3232,2368],{"class":75},[65,3234,3179],{"class":96},[65,3236,3237,3239,3241,3243,3245,3247],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,3238,3172],{"class":71},[65,3240,76],{"class":75},[65,3242,2380],{"class":164},[65,3244,168],{"class":79},[65,3246,931],{"class":147},[65,3248,174],{"class":79},[65,3250,3251],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,3252,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,3254,3255,3257,3259,3261],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,3256,165],{"class":164},[65,3258,168],{"class":79},[65,3260,931],{"class":147},[65,3262,174],{"class":79},[20,3264,191],{},[56,3266,3267],{"className":58,"code":3179,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,3268,3269],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3270,3271],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3272,3179],{"class":96},[1059,3274,3276],{"id":3275},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3278,3279,3281],{},[15,3280,2130],{}," does not round numbers.",[56,3283,3285],{"className":58,"code":3284,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3286,3287],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3288,3289,3291,3293,3295,3297,3299,3302],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3290,165],{"class":164},[65,3292,168],{"class":79},[65,3294,2164],{"class":164},[65,3296,168],{"class":79},[65,3298,2169],{"class":75},[65,3300,3301],{"class":96},"4.7",[65,3303,1870],{"class":79},[20,3305,191],{},[56,3307,3309],{"className":58,"code":3308,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"4.7\n",[15,3310,3311],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3312,3313],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3314,3308],{"class":96},[20,3316,3317,3318,3320,3321,3323],{},"If you expected ",[15,3319,2284],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3322,2130],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[51,3325,3327],{"id":3326},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3329,3330,3332],{},[15,3331,2130],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[30,3334,3335,3342,3349],{},[33,3336,3337,3339,3340],{},[15,3338,2335],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3341,2335],{},[33,3343,3344,3346,3347],{},[15,3345,2338],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3348,2338],{},[33,3350,3351,3346,3353],{},[15,3352,2342],{},[15,3354,2338],{},[20,3356,350],{},[56,3358,3360],{"className":58,"code":3359,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3361,3362,3383,3404],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3363,3364,3366,3368,3371,3373,3375,3377,3379,3381],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3365,165],{"class":164},[65,3367,168],{"class":79},[65,3369,3370],{"class":1368},"type",[65,3372,168],{"class":79},[65,3374,2164],{"class":164},[65,3376,168],{"class":79},[65,3378,2169],{"class":75},[65,3380,2284],{"class":96},[65,3382,3058],{"class":79},[65,3384,3385,3387,3389,3391,3393,3395,3397,3399,3402],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,3386,165],{"class":164},[65,3388,168],{"class":79},[65,3390,3370],{"class":1368},[65,3392,168],{"class":79},[65,3394,2164],{"class":164},[65,3396,168],{"class":79},[65,3398,2169],{"class":75},[65,3400,3401],{"class":96},"3.2",[65,3403,3058],{"class":79},[65,3405,3406,3408,3410,3412,3414,3416,3418,3420,3422,3424,3426],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,3407,165],{"class":164},[65,3409,168],{"class":79},[65,3411,3370],{"class":1368},[65,3413,168],{"class":79},[65,3415,2164],{"class":164},[65,3417,168],{"class":79},[65,3419,2210],{"class":96},[65,3421,2599],{"class":75},[65,3423,2602],{"class":96},[65,3425,2213],{"class":1696},[65,3427,3058],{"class":79},[20,3429,191],{},[56,3431,3433],{"className":58,"code":3432,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3434,3435,3452,3466],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3436,3437,3440,3443,3445,3447,3449],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3438,3439],{"class":75},"\u003C",[65,3441,3442],{"class":1696},"class",[65,3444,233],{"class":83},[65,3446,2335],{"class":87},[65,3448,203],{"class":83},[65,3450,3451],{"class":75},">\n",[65,3453,3454,3456,3458,3460,3462,3464],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,3455,3439],{"class":75},[65,3457,3442],{"class":1696},[65,3459,233],{"class":83},[65,3461,2338],{"class":87},[65,3463,203],{"class":83},[65,3465,3451],{"class":75},[65,3467,3468,3470,3472,3474,3476,3478],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,3469,3439],{"class":75},[65,3471,3442],{"class":1696},[65,3473,233],{"class":83},[65,3475,2338],{"class":87},[65,3477,203],{"class":83},[65,3479,3451],{"class":75},[20,3481,3482],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3484,3485],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3487,3488],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[56,3490,3492],{"className":58,"code":3491,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3493,3494,3507,3517,3531,3535,3549],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3495,3496,3498,3500,3502,3505],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3497,1189],{"class":71},[65,3499,76],{"class":75},[65,3501,103],{"class":83},[65,3503,3504],{"class":87},"-5",[65,3506,1650],{"class":83},[65,3508,3509,3511,3513,3515],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,3510,165],{"class":164},[65,3512,168],{"class":79},[65,3514,1714],{"class":147},[65,3516,174],{"class":79},[65,3518,3519,3521,3523,3525,3527,3529],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,3520,165],{"class":164},[65,3522,168],{"class":79},[65,3524,3370],{"class":1368},[65,3526,168],{"class":79},[65,3528,1714],{"class":147},[65,3530,1870],{"class":79},[65,3532,3533],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,3534,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,3536,3537,3540,3542,3544,3547],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,3538,3539],{"class":71},"user_input ",[65,3541,76],{"class":75},[65,3543,103],{"class":83},[65,3545,3546],{"class":87},"-3.7",[65,3548,1650],{"class":83},[65,3550,3551,3553,3555,3557,3559,3561,3563,3566],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,3552,165],{"class":164},[65,3554,168],{"class":79},[65,3556,2164],{"class":164},[65,3558,168],{"class":79},[65,3560,2338],{"class":1368},[65,3562,168],{"class":79},[65,3564,3565],{"class":147},"user_input",[65,3567,3058],{"class":79},[20,3569,191],{},[56,3571,3573],{"className":58,"code":3572,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3574,3575,3581,3596],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3576,3577,3579],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3578,2169],{"class":75},[65,3580,3093],{"class":96},[65,3582,3583,3585,3587,3589,3592,3594],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,3584,3439],{"class":75},[65,3586,3442],{"class":1696},[65,3588,233],{"class":83},[65,3590,3591],{"class":87},"str",[65,3593,203],{"class":83},[65,3595,3451],{"class":75},[65,3597,3598],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,3599,3600],{"class":96},"3.7\n",[51,3602,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,3604,3606],{"id":3605},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3608,3609],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1059,3611,3613],{"id":3612},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3615,3616],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1059,3618,3620],{"id":3619},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3622,3623],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1059,3625,3627],{"id":3626},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3629,3630,3632,3633,3024,3635,3637,3638,144],{},[15,3631,3104],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3634,3023],{},[15,3636,3030],{}," before using ",[15,3639,2130],{},[1059,3641,3643],{"id":3642},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3645,3646],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[51,3648,2015],{"id":2014},[30,3650,3651,3658,3664,3670,3675],{},[33,3652,3653],{},[88,3654,3655,3657],{"href":3020},[15,3656,3023],{}," function explained",[33,3659,3660],{},[88,3661,3662,3657],{"href":3027},[15,3663,3030],{},[33,3665,3666],{},[88,3667,3668,3657],{"href":2444},[15,3669,2447],{},[33,3671,3672],{},[88,3673,3674],{"href":3108},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[33,3676,3677],{},[88,3678,2566],{"href":2565},[2071,3680,3681],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":3683},[3684,3685,3686,3687,3688,3689,3695,3701,3702,3709],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":2245,"depth":133,"text":2246},{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":2452,"depth":133,"text":2453},{"id":2569,"depth":133,"text":2570},{"id":2673,"depth":133,"text":2674,"children":3690},[3691,3692,3693,3694],{"id":2682,"depth":154,"text":2683},{"id":2783,"depth":154,"text":2784},{"id":2832,"depth":154,"text":2833},{"id":2899,"depth":154,"text":2900},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":3696},[3697,3698,3699,3700],{"id":2978,"depth":154,"text":2979},{"id":3112,"depth":154,"text":3113},{"id":3156,"depth":154,"text":3157},{"id":3275,"depth":154,"text":3276},{"id":3326,"depth":133,"text":3327},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":3703},[3704,3705,3706,3707,3708],{"id":3605,"depth":154,"text":3606},{"id":3612,"depth":154,"text":3613},{"id":3619,"depth":154,"text":3620},{"id":3626,"depth":154,"text":3627},{"id":3642,"depth":154,"text":3643},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2120,"description":3710},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3717,"title":3718,"body":3719,"description":5422,"extension":2111,"meta":5423,"navigation":157,"path":5424,"seo":5425,"stem":5426,"__hash__":5427},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3720,"toc":5386},[3721,3729,3735,3738,3755,3759,3818,3828,3833,3837,3855,3858,3875,3878,3882,3890,3907,3910,3950,3953,3960,3966,4043,4045,4077,4083,4087,4091,4130,4132,4141,4148,4152,4191,4193,4202,4212,4216,4272,4274,4282,4285,4288,4335,4337,4345,4351,4358,4363,4366,4369,4436,4438,4446,4449,4516,4518,4526,4540,4543,4554,4558,4564,4567,4569,4585,4587,4595,4598,4601,4604,4621,4624,4627,4657,4659,4672,4676,4680,4683,4698,4703,4706,4733,4740,4743,4783,4789,4795,4803,4806,4858,4864,4928,4933,4942,4945,4963,4969,4972,5114,5119,5124,5127,5138,5141,5196,5198,5206,5209,5265,5267,5275,5278,5289,5291,5296,5305,5314,5317,5324,5327,5336,5349,5351,5383],[10,3722,3724,3725,3728],{"id":3723},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3726,3727],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3730,3731,3732,3734],{},"Python’s ",[15,3733,3727],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3736,3737],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[30,3739,3740,3743,3746],{},[33,3741,3742],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[33,3744,3745],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[33,3747,3748,2543,3751,3754],{},[15,3749,3750],{},"all([])",[15,3752,3753],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[51,3756,3758],{"id":3757},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[56,3760,3762],{"className":58,"code":3761,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3763,3764,3787,3803],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3765,3766,3769,3771,3774,3776,3778,3780,3782,3784],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3767,3768],{"class":71},"numbers ",[65,3770,76],{"class":75},[65,3772,3773],{"class":79}," [",[65,3775,3135],{"class":96},[65,3777,100],{"class":79},[65,3779,113],{"class":96},[65,3781,100],{"class":79},[65,3783,127],{"class":96},[65,3785,3786],{"class":79},"]\n",[65,3788,3789,3791,3793,3796,3798,3801],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,3790,401],{"class":71},[65,3792,76],{"class":75},[65,3794,3795],{"class":164}," all",[65,3797,168],{"class":79},[65,3799,3800],{"class":147},"numbers",[65,3802,174],{"class":79},[65,3804,3805,3807,3809,3811,3814],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,3806,165],{"class":164},[65,3808,168],{"class":79},[65,3810,425],{"class":147},[65,3812,3813],{"class":79},")",[65,3815,3817],{"class":3816},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,3819,3820,2543,3822,3824,3825,144],{},[15,3821,3727],{},[15,3823,3753],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3826,3827],{},"False",[51,3829,252,3831,255],{"id":3830},"what-all-does",[15,3832,3727],{},[20,3834,3835,93],{},[15,3836,3727],{},[30,3838,3839,3842,3847,3852],{},[33,3840,3841],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[33,3843,1073,3844,3846],{},[15,3845,3753],{}," if all items are truthy",[33,3848,1073,3849,3851],{},[15,3850,3827],{}," if any item is falsy",[33,3853,3854],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3856,3857],{},"Basic syntax:",[56,3859,3861],{"className":58,"code":3860,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3862,3863],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3864,3865,3868,3870,3873],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3866,3867],{"class":164},"all",[65,3869,168],{"class":79},[65,3871,3872],{"class":147},"iterable",[65,3874,174],{"class":79},[20,3876,3877],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[51,3879,3881],{"id":3880},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3883,3884,3885,3024,3887,3889],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3886,3753],{},[15,3888,3827],{}," in conditions.",[30,3891,3892,3900],{},[33,3893,3894,3897,3898],{},[46,3895,3896],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3899,3753],{},[33,3901,3902,3897,3905],{},[46,3903,3904],{},"Falsy",[15,3906,3827],{},[20,3908,3909],{},"Common falsy values include:",[30,3911,3912,3916,3921,3926,3931,3935,3940,3945],{},[33,3913,3914],{},[15,3915,2267],{},[33,3917,3918],{},[15,3919,3920],{},"0.0",[33,3922,3923],{},[15,3924,3925],{},"''",[33,3927,3928],{},[15,3929,3930],{},"None",[33,3932,3933],{},[15,3934,3827],{},[33,3936,3937],{},[15,3938,3939],{},"[]",[33,3941,3942],{},[15,3943,3944],{},"{}",[33,3946,3947],{},[15,3948,3949],{},"set()",[20,3951,3952],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3954,3955,3956,144],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[88,3957,3959],{"href":3958},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3961,3962,3963,93],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3964,3965],{},"bool()",[56,3967,3969],{"className":58,"code":3968,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3970,3971,4009,4013],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,3972,3973,3976,3978,3980,3982,3984,3987,3989,3992,3994,3996,3999,4001,4003,4007],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,3974,3975],{"class":71},"values ",[65,3977,76],{"class":75},[65,3979,3773],{"class":79},[65,3981,3135],{"class":96},[65,3983,100],{"class":79},[65,3985,3986],{"class":96}," 0",[65,3988,100],{"class":79},[65,3990,3991],{"class":83}," ''",[65,3993,100],{"class":79},[65,3995,233],{"class":83},[65,3997,3998],{"class":87},"hello",[65,4000,203],{"class":83},[65,4002,100],{"class":79},[65,4004,4006],{"class":4005},"s39Yj"," None",[65,4008,3786],{"class":79},[65,4010,4011],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,4012,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,4014,4015,4017,4019,4022,4024,4026,4028,4031,4034,4037,4040],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,4016,165],{"class":164},[65,4018,3132],{"class":79},[65,4020,4021],{"class":1368},"bool",[65,4023,168],{"class":79},[65,4025,931],{"class":147},[65,4027,3813],{"class":79},[65,4029,4030],{"class":1405}," for",[65,4032,4033],{"class":147}," x ",[65,4035,4036],{"class":1405},"in",[65,4038,4039],{"class":147}," values",[65,4041,4042],{"class":79},"])\n",[20,4044,191],{},[56,4046,4048],{"className":58,"code":4047,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4049,4050],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4051,4052,4055,4057,4059,4062,4064,4066,4068,4071,4073,4075],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4053,4054],{"class":79},"[",[65,4056,3753],{"class":4005},[65,4058,100],{"class":79},[65,4060,4061],{"class":4005}," False",[65,4063,100],{"class":79},[65,4065,4061],{"class":4005},[65,4067,100],{"class":79},[65,4069,4070],{"class":4005}," True",[65,4072,100],{"class":79},[65,4074,4061],{"class":4005},[65,4076,3786],{"class":79},[20,4078,4079,4080,4082],{},"This matters because ",[15,4081,3727],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[51,4084,4086],{"id":4085},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1059,4088,4090],{"id":4089},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[56,4092,4094],{"className":58,"code":4093,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4095,4096,4116],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4097,4098,4100,4102,4104,4106,4108,4110,4112,4114],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4099,3768],{"class":71},[65,4101,76],{"class":75},[65,4103,3773],{"class":79},[65,4105,3135],{"class":96},[65,4107,100],{"class":79},[65,4109,113],{"class":96},[65,4111,100],{"class":79},[65,4113,127],{"class":96},[65,4115,3786],{"class":79},[65,4117,4118,4120,4122,4124,4126,4128],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,4119,165],{"class":164},[65,4121,168],{"class":79},[65,4123,3867],{"class":164},[65,4125,168],{"class":79},[65,4127,3800],{"class":147},[65,4129,1870],{"class":79},[20,4131,191],{},[56,4133,4135],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"True\n",[15,4136,4137],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4138,4139],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4140,4134],{"class":4005},[20,4142,4143,4144,2543,4146,144],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4145,3727],{},[15,4147,3753],{},[1059,4149,4151],{"id":4150},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[56,4153,4155],{"className":58,"code":4154,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4156,4157,4177],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4158,4159,4161,4163,4165,4167,4169,4171,4173,4175],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4160,3768],{"class":71},[65,4162,76],{"class":75},[65,4164,3773],{"class":79},[65,4166,3135],{"class":96},[65,4168,100],{"class":79},[65,4170,3986],{"class":96},[65,4172,100],{"class":79},[65,4174,127],{"class":96},[65,4176,3786],{"class":79},[65,4178,4179,4181,4183,4185,4187,4189],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,4180,165],{"class":164},[65,4182,168],{"class":79},[65,4184,3867],{"class":164},[65,4186,168],{"class":79},[65,4188,3800],{"class":147},[65,4190,1870],{"class":79},[20,4192,191],{},[56,4194,4196],{"className":58,"code":4195,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"False\n",[15,4197,4198],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4199,4200],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4201,4195],{"class":4005},[20,4203,4204,4205,4207,4208,2543,4210,144],{},"The value ",[15,4206,2267],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4209,3727],{},[15,4211,3827],{},[1059,4213,4215],{"id":4214},"example-strings","Example: strings",[56,4217,4219],{"className":58,"code":4218,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4220,4221,4257],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4222,4223,4226,4228,4230,4232,4235,4237,4239,4241,4244,4246,4248,4250,4253,4255],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4224,4225],{"class":71},"words ",[65,4227,76],{"class":75},[65,4229,3773],{"class":79},[65,4231,203],{"class":83},[65,4233,4234],{"class":87},"apple",[65,4236,203],{"class":83},[65,4238,100],{"class":79},[65,4240,233],{"class":83},[65,4242,4243],{"class":87},"banana",[65,4245,203],{"class":83},[65,4247,100],{"class":79},[65,4249,233],{"class":83},[65,4251,4252],{"class":87},"cherry",[65,4254,203],{"class":83},[65,4256,3786],{"class":79},[65,4258,4259,4261,4263,4265,4267,4270],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,4260,165],{"class":164},[65,4262,168],{"class":79},[65,4264,3867],{"class":164},[65,4266,168],{"class":79},[65,4268,4269],{"class":147},"words",[65,4271,1870],{"class":79},[20,4273,191],{},[56,4275,4276],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,4277,4278],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4279,4280],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4281,4134],{"class":4005},[20,4283,4284],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4286,4287],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[56,4289,4291],{"className":58,"code":4290,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4292,4293,4321],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4294,4295,4297,4299,4301,4303,4305,4307,4309,4311,4313,4315,4317,4319],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4296,4225],{"class":71},[65,4298,76],{"class":75},[65,4300,3773],{"class":79},[65,4302,203],{"class":83},[65,4304,4234],{"class":87},[65,4306,203],{"class":83},[65,4308,100],{"class":79},[65,4310,3991],{"class":83},[65,4312,100],{"class":79},[65,4314,233],{"class":83},[65,4316,4252],{"class":87},[65,4318,203],{"class":83},[65,4320,3786],{"class":79},[65,4322,4323,4325,4327,4329,4331,4333],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,4324,165],{"class":164},[65,4326,168],{"class":79},[65,4328,3867],{"class":164},[65,4330,168],{"class":79},[65,4332,4269],{"class":147},[65,4334,1870],{"class":79},[20,4336,191],{},[56,4338,4339],{"className":58,"code":4195,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,4340,4341],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4342,4343],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4344,4195],{"class":4005},[20,4346,4347,4348,4350],{},"The empty string ",[15,4349,3925],{}," is falsy.",[51,4352,4354,4355,4357],{"id":4353},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4356,3727],{}," works with conditions",[20,4359,4360,4362],{},[15,4361,3727],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4364,4365],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4367,4368],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[56,4370,4372],{"className":58,"code":4371,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4373,4374,4394,4422,4426],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4375,4376,4378,4380,4382,4384,4386,4388,4390,4392],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4377,3768],{"class":71},[65,4379,76],{"class":75},[65,4381,3773],{"class":79},[65,4383,3135],{"class":96},[65,4385,100],{"class":79},[65,4387,113],{"class":96},[65,4389,100],{"class":79},[65,4391,127],{"class":96},[65,4393,3786],{"class":79},[65,4395,4396,4398,4400,4402,4404,4406,4409,4411,4413,4415,4417,4420],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,4397,401],{"class":71},[65,4399,76],{"class":75},[65,4401,3795],{"class":164},[65,4403,168],{"class":79},[65,4405,3172],{"class":147},[65,4407,4408],{"class":75},">",[65,4410,3986],{"class":96},[65,4412,4030],{"class":1405},[65,4414,4033],{"class":147},[65,4416,4036],{"class":1405},[65,4418,4419],{"class":147}," numbers",[65,4421,174],{"class":79},[65,4423,4424],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,4425,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,4427,4428,4430,4432,4434],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,4429,165],{"class":164},[65,4431,168],{"class":79},[65,4433,425],{"class":147},[65,4435,174],{"class":79},[20,4437,191],{},[56,4439,4440],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,4441,4442],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4443,4444],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4445,4134],{"class":4005},[20,4447,4448],{},"Here is one that fails:",[56,4450,4452],{"className":58,"code":4451,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4453,4454,4476,4502,4506],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4455,4456,4458,4460,4462,4464,4466,4468,4470,4472,4474],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4457,3768],{"class":71},[65,4459,76],{"class":75},[65,4461,3773],{"class":79},[65,4463,3135],{"class":96},[65,4465,100],{"class":79},[65,4467,2368],{"class":75},[65,4469,2204],{"class":96},[65,4471,100],{"class":79},[65,4473,127],{"class":96},[65,4475,3786],{"class":79},[65,4477,4478,4480,4482,4484,4486,4488,4490,4492,4494,4496,4498,4500],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,4479,401],{"class":71},[65,4481,76],{"class":75},[65,4483,3795],{"class":164},[65,4485,168],{"class":79},[65,4487,3172],{"class":147},[65,4489,4408],{"class":75},[65,4491,3986],{"class":96},[65,4493,4030],{"class":1405},[65,4495,4033],{"class":147},[65,4497,4036],{"class":1405},[65,4499,4419],{"class":147},[65,4501,174],{"class":79},[65,4503,4504],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,4505,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,4507,4508,4510,4512,4514],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,4509,165],{"class":164},[65,4511,168],{"class":79},[65,4513,425],{"class":147},[65,4515,174],{"class":79},[20,4517,191],{},[56,4519,4520],{"className":58,"code":4195,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,4521,4522],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4523,4524],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4525,4195],{"class":4005},[20,4527,4528,4529,4532,4533,4535,4536,2543,4538,144],{},"The expression ",[15,4530,4531],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4534,3753],{},", then ",[15,4537,3727],{},[15,4539,3753],{},[20,4541,4542],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4544,4545,4546,1048,4550,144],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[88,4547,4549],{"href":4548},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[88,4551,4553],{"href":4552},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[51,4555,4557],{"id":4556},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4559,4560,2543,4562,144],{},[15,4561,3750],{},[15,4563,3753],{},[20,4565,4566],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4568,350],{},[56,4570,4572],{"className":58,"code":4571,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4573,4574],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4575,4576,4578,4580,4582],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4577,165],{"class":164},[65,4579,168],{"class":79},[65,4581,3867],{"class":164},[65,4583,4584],{"class":79},"([]))\n",[20,4586,191],{},[56,4588,4589],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,4590,4591],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4592,4593],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4594,4134],{"class":4005},[20,4596,4597],{},"Why?",[20,4599,4600],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4602,4603],{},"Think of it this way:",[30,4605,4606,4613,4616],{},[33,4607,4608,2543,4610,4612],{},[15,4609,3727],{},[15,4611,3827],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[33,4614,4615],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[33,4617,4618,4619],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4620,3827],{},[20,4622,4623],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4625,4626],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[56,4628,4630],{"className":58,"code":4629,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4631,4632,4643],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4633,4634,4636,4638,4640],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4635,165],{"class":164},[65,4637,168],{"class":79},[65,4639,3867],{"class":164},[65,4641,4642],{"class":79},"(()))\n",[65,4644,4645,4647,4649,4651,4653,4655],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,4646,165],{"class":164},[65,4648,168],{"class":79},[65,4650,3867],{"class":164},[65,4652,168],{"class":79},[65,4654,3925],{"class":83},[65,4656,1870],{"class":79},[20,4658,191],{},[56,4660,4662],{"className":58,"code":4661,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4663,4664,4668],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4665,4666],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4667,4134],{"class":4005},[65,4669,4670],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,4671,4134],{"class":4005},[51,4673,4675],{"id":4674},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1059,4677,4679],{"id":4678},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4681,4682],{},"This is wrong:",[56,4684,4686],{"className":58,"code":4685,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4687,4688,4693],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4689,4690],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4691,4692],{"class":3816},"# Wrong\n",[65,4694,4695],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,4696,4697],{"class":3816},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4699,4700,4702],{},[15,4701,3727],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4704,4705],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[56,4707,4709],{"className":58,"code":4708,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4710,4711],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4712,4713,4715,4717,4719,4721,4723,4725,4727,4729,4731],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4714,165],{"class":164},[65,4716,168],{"class":79},[65,4718,3867],{"class":164},[65,4720,3132],{"class":79},[65,4722,3135],{"class":96},[65,4724,100],{"class":79},[65,4726,113],{"class":96},[65,4728,100],{"class":79},[65,4730,127],{"class":96},[65,4732,3146],{"class":79},[1059,4734,4736,4737,4739],{"id":4735},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4738,3727],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4741,4742],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[56,4744,4746],{"className":58,"code":4745,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4747,4748,4769],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4749,4750,4752,4754,4756,4758,4760,4763,4765,4767],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4751,3768],{"class":71},[65,4753,76],{"class":75},[65,4755,3773],{"class":79},[65,4757,2284],{"class":96},[65,4759,100],{"class":79},[65,4761,4762],{"class":96}," 5",[65,4764,100],{"class":79},[65,4766,4762],{"class":96},[65,4768,3786],{"class":79},[65,4770,4771,4773,4775,4777,4779,4781],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,4772,165],{"class":164},[65,4774,168],{"class":79},[65,4776,3867],{"class":164},[65,4778,168],{"class":79},[65,4780,3800],{"class":147},[65,4782,1870],{"class":79},[20,4784,4785,4786,4788],{},"This does ",[46,4787,1014],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4790,4791,4792,4794],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4793,2284],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[56,4796,4797],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,4798,4799],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4800,4801],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4802,4134],{"class":4005},[20,4804,4805],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[56,4807,4809],{"className":58,"code":4808,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4810,4811,4831],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4812,4813,4815,4817,4819,4821,4823,4825,4827,4829],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4814,3768],{"class":71},[65,4816,76],{"class":75},[65,4818,3773],{"class":79},[65,4820,2284],{"class":96},[65,4822,100],{"class":79},[65,4824,4762],{"class":96},[65,4826,100],{"class":79},[65,4828,4762],{"class":96},[65,4830,3786],{"class":79},[65,4832,4833,4835,4837,4839,4841,4843,4846,4848,4850,4852,4854,4856],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,4834,165],{"class":164},[65,4836,168],{"class":79},[65,4838,3867],{"class":164},[65,4840,168],{"class":79},[65,4842,3172],{"class":147},[65,4844,4845],{"class":75},"==",[65,4847,4762],{"class":96},[65,4849,4030],{"class":1405},[65,4851,4033],{"class":147},[65,4853,4036],{"class":1405},[65,4855,4419],{"class":147},[65,4857,1870],{"class":79},[1059,4859,1812,4861,4863],{"id":4860},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy",[15,4862,2267],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[56,4865,4867],{"className":58,"code":4866,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4868,4869,4895],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4870,4871,4873,4875,4877,4879,4881,4883,4885,4887,4889,4892],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4872,165],{"class":164},[65,4874,168],{"class":79},[65,4876,3867],{"class":164},[65,4878,3132],{"class":79},[65,4880,3135],{"class":96},[65,4882,100],{"class":79},[65,4884,113],{"class":96},[65,4886,100],{"class":79},[65,4888,3986],{"class":96},[65,4890,4891],{"class":79},"]))",[65,4893,4894],{"class":3816},"       # False\n",[65,4896,4897,4899,4901,4903,4905,4907,4909,4911,4913,4915,4917,4919,4921,4923,4925],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,4898,165],{"class":164},[65,4900,168],{"class":79},[65,4902,3867],{"class":164},[65,4904,3132],{"class":79},[65,4906,203],{"class":83},[65,4908,88],{"class":87},[65,4910,203],{"class":83},[65,4912,100],{"class":79},[65,4914,233],{"class":83},[65,4916,106],{"class":87},[65,4918,203],{"class":83},[65,4920,100],{"class":79},[65,4922,3991],{"class":83},[65,4924,4891],{"class":79},[65,4926,4927],{"class":3816},"  # False\n",[20,4929,4930,4931,144],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4932,3827],{},[1059,4934,4936,4937,4939,4940],{"id":4935},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4938,3750],{}," is ",[15,4941,3753],{},[20,4943,4944],{},"This is expected behavior:",[56,4946,4948],{"className":58,"code":4947,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4949,4950],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4951,4952,4954,4956,4958,4961],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4953,165],{"class":164},[65,4955,168],{"class":79},[65,4957,3867],{"class":164},[65,4959,4960],{"class":79},"([]))",[65,4962,3817],{"class":3816},[20,4964,4965,4966,4968],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4967,3753],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4970,4971],{},"Useful quick tests:",[56,4973,4975],{"className":58,"code":4974,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4976,4977,4999,5021,5068,5104],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,4978,4979,4981,4983,4985,4987,4989,4991,4993,4995,4997],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,4980,165],{"class":164},[65,4982,168],{"class":79},[65,4984,3867],{"class":164},[65,4986,3132],{"class":79},[65,4988,3135],{"class":96},[65,4990,100],{"class":79},[65,4992,113],{"class":96},[65,4994,100],{"class":79},[65,4996,127],{"class":96},[65,4998,3146],{"class":79},[65,5000,5001,5003,5005,5007,5009,5011,5013,5015,5017,5019],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,5002,165],{"class":164},[65,5004,168],{"class":79},[65,5006,3867],{"class":164},[65,5008,3132],{"class":79},[65,5010,3135],{"class":96},[65,5012,100],{"class":79},[65,5014,3986],{"class":96},[65,5016,100],{"class":79},[65,5018,127],{"class":96},[65,5020,3146],{"class":79},[65,5022,5023,5025,5027,5029,5031,5033,5035,5037,5039,5041,5043,5045,5047,5049,5051,5053,5055,5057,5059,5061,5063,5065],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,5024,165],{"class":164},[65,5026,3132],{"class":79},[65,5028,4021],{"class":1368},[65,5030,168],{"class":79},[65,5032,931],{"class":147},[65,5034,3813],{"class":79},[65,5036,4030],{"class":1405},[65,5038,4033],{"class":147},[65,5040,4036],{"class":1405},[65,5042,3773],{"class":79},[65,5044,3135],{"class":96},[65,5046,100],{"class":79},[65,5048,3986],{"class":96},[65,5050,100],{"class":79},[65,5052,3991],{"class":83},[65,5054,100],{"class":79},[65,5056,233],{"class":83},[65,5058,3998],{"class":87},[65,5060,203],{"class":83},[65,5062,100],{"class":79},[65,5064,4006],{"class":4005},[65,5066,5067],{"class":79},"]])\n",[65,5069,5070,5072,5074,5076,5078,5080,5082,5084,5086,5088,5090,5092,5094,5096,5098,5100,5102],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,5071,165],{"class":164},[65,5073,168],{"class":79},[65,5075,3867],{"class":164},[65,5077,168],{"class":79},[65,5079,3172],{"class":147},[65,5081,4408],{"class":75},[65,5083,3986],{"class":96},[65,5085,4030],{"class":1405},[65,5087,4033],{"class":147},[65,5089,4036],{"class":1405},[65,5091,3773],{"class":79},[65,5093,3135],{"class":96},[65,5095,100],{"class":79},[65,5097,113],{"class":96},[65,5099,100],{"class":79},[65,5101,127],{"class":96},[65,5103,3146],{"class":79},[65,5105,5106,5108,5110,5112],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,5107,165],{"class":164},[65,5109,168],{"class":79},[65,5111,3867],{"class":164},[65,5113,4584],{"class":79},[51,5115,1553,5117],{"id":5116},"when-to-use-all",[15,5118,3727],{},[20,5120,5121,5123],{},[15,5122,3727],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5125,5126],{},"Common use cases:",[30,5128,5129,5132,5135],{},[33,5130,5131],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[33,5133,5134],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[33,5136,5137],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5139,5140],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[56,5142,5144],{"className":58,"code":5143,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5145,5146,5181],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5147,5148,5151,5153,5155,5157,5159,5161,5163,5165,5168,5170,5172,5174,5177,5179],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5149,5150],{"class":71},"names ",[65,5152,76],{"class":75},[65,5154,3773],{"class":79},[65,5156,203],{"class":83},[65,5158,378],{"class":87},[65,5160,203],{"class":83},[65,5162,100],{"class":79},[65,5164,233],{"class":83},[65,5166,5167],{"class":87},"Bob",[65,5169,203],{"class":83},[65,5171,100],{"class":79},[65,5173,233],{"class":83},[65,5175,5176],{"class":87},"Charlie",[65,5178,203],{"class":83},[65,5180,3786],{"class":79},[65,5182,5183,5185,5187,5189,5191,5194],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,5184,165],{"class":164},[65,5186,168],{"class":79},[65,5188,3867],{"class":164},[65,5190,168],{"class":79},[65,5192,5193],{"class":147},"names",[65,5195,1870],{"class":79},[20,5197,191],{},[56,5199,5200],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,5201,5202],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5203,5204],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5205,4134],{"class":4005},[20,5207,5208],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[56,5210,5212],{"className":58,"code":5211,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5213,5214,5236],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5215,5216,5218,5220,5222,5225,5227,5229,5231,5234],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5217,519],{"class":71},[65,5219,76],{"class":75},[65,5221,3773],{"class":79},[65,5223,5224],{"class":96},"75",[65,5226,100],{"class":79},[65,5228,535],{"class":96},[65,5230,100],{"class":79},[65,5232,5233],{"class":96}," 50",[65,5235,3786],{"class":79},[65,5237,5238,5240,5242,5244,5246,5249,5252,5254,5256,5259,5261,5263],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,5239,165],{"class":164},[65,5241,168],{"class":79},[65,5243,3867],{"class":164},[65,5245,168],{"class":79},[65,5247,5248],{"class":147},"score ",[65,5250,5251],{"class":75},">=",[65,5253,5233],{"class":96},[65,5255,4030],{"class":1405},[65,5257,5258],{"class":147}," score ",[65,5260,4036],{"class":1405},[65,5262,579],{"class":147},[65,5264,1870],{"class":79},[20,5266,191],{},[56,5268,5269],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,5270,5271],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5272,5273],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5274,4134],{"class":4005},[20,5276,5277],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5279,5280,5281,1048,5285,144],{},"For related tasks, see ",[88,5282,5284],{"href":5283},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[88,5286,5288],{"href":5287},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[51,5290,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,5292,1953,5294,1956],{"id":5293},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,5295,3727],{},[20,5297,5298,5299,5301,5302,5304],{},"It returns ",[15,5300,3753],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5303,3827],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1059,5306,5308,5309,5311,5312,2637],{"id":5307},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5310,3750],{}," return ",[15,5313,3753],{},[20,5315,5316],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1059,5318,5320,5321,5323],{"id":5319},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5322,3727],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5325,5326],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1059,5328,5330,5331,1048,5333,2637],{"id":5329},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,5332,3727],{},[15,5334,5335],{},"any()",[20,5337,5338,5340,5341,5343,5344,144],{},[15,5339,3727],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5342,5335],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[88,5345,3724,5347,3657],{"href":5346},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5348,5335],{},[51,5350,2015],{"id":2014},[30,5352,5353,5359,5363,5368,5373,5378],{},[33,5354,5355],{},[88,5356,3724,5357,3657],{"href":5346},[15,5358,5335],{},[33,5360,5361],{},[88,5362,3959],{"href":3958},[33,5364,5365],{},[88,5366,5367],{"href":5287},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[33,5369,5370],{},[88,5371,5372],{"href":5283},"How to filter a list in Python",[33,5374,5375],{},[88,5376,5377],{"href":4548},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[33,5379,5380],{},[88,5381,5382],{"href":4552},"What is an iterable in Python",[2071,5384,5385],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":5387},[5388,5389,5391,5392,5397,5399,5400,5409,5411,5421],{"id":3757,"depth":133,"text":3758},{"id":3830,"depth":133,"text":5390},"What all() does",{"id":3880,"depth":133,"text":3881},{"id":4085,"depth":133,"text":4086,"children":5393},[5394,5395,5396],{"id":4089,"depth":154,"text":4090},{"id":4150,"depth":154,"text":4151},{"id":4214,"depth":154,"text":4215},{"id":4353,"depth":133,"text":5398},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4556,"depth":133,"text":4557},{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675,"children":5401},[5402,5403,5405,5407],{"id":4678,"depth":154,"text":4679},{"id":4735,"depth":154,"text":5404},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4860,"depth":154,"text":5406},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4935,"depth":154,"text":5408},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5116,"depth":133,"text":5410},"When to use all()",{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":5412},[5413,5415,5417,5419],{"id":5293,"depth":154,"text":5414},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5307,"depth":154,"text":5416},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5319,"depth":154,"text":5418},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5329,"depth":154,"text":5420},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3718,"description":5422},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5429,"title":5430,"body":5431,"description":7118,"extension":2111,"meta":7119,"navigation":157,"path":5346,"seo":7120,"stem":7121,"__hash__":7122},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5432,"toc":7096},[5433,5436,5444,5447,5464,5472,5516,5525,5529,5534,5537,5554,5557,5568,5580,5584,5587,5602,5607,5610,5622,5625,5709,5712,5733,5739,5741,5749,5763,5765,5799,5801,5804,5865,5867,5884,5887,5914,5916,5924,5936,5940,5943,5982,5984,5992,5994,6010,6018,6021,6064,6066,6074,6079,6083,6091,6094,6121,6124,6127,6201,6203,6211,6218,6242,6253,6256,6335,6337,6345,6352,6356,6361,6376,6378,6386,6389,6395,6398,6444,6446,6463,6467,6472,6483,6486,6597,6600,6659,6665,6667,6672,6676,6678,6697,6703,6706,6725,6729,6738,6765,6767,6775,6782,6786,6792,6815,6817,6825,6832,6836,6839,6890,6893,6944,6947,6949,6953,6960,6964,6971,6975,6983,6987,6990,7012,7014,7064,7066,7093],[10,5434,5430],{"id":5435},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5437,5438,5440,5441,144],{},[15,5439,5335],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[46,5442,5443],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5445,5446],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[30,5448,5449,5452,5455,5458,5461],{},[33,5450,5451],{},"lists",[33,5453,5454],{},"tuples",[33,5456,5457],{},"sets",[33,5459,5460],{},"strings",[33,5462,5463],{},"generator expressions",[20,5465,5466,5467,3024,5469,5471],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5468,3753],{},[15,5470,3827],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[56,5473,5475],{"className":58,"code":5474,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5476,5477,5497],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5478,5479,5481,5483,5485,5487,5489,5491,5493,5495],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5480,3975],{"class":71},[65,5482,76],{"class":75},[65,5484,3773],{"class":79},[65,5486,2267],{"class":96},[65,5488,100],{"class":79},[65,5490,3991],{"class":83},[65,5492,100],{"class":79},[65,5494,4762],{"class":96},[65,5496,3786],{"class":79},[65,5498,5499,5501,5503,5506,5508,5511,5514],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,5500,165],{"class":164},[65,5502,168],{"class":79},[65,5504,5505],{"class":164},"any",[65,5507,168],{"class":79},[65,5509,5510],{"class":147},"values",[65,5512,5513],{"class":79},"))",[65,5515,3817],{"class":3816},[20,5517,1309,5518,5521,5522,5524],{},[15,5519,5520],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5523,3753],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[51,5526,5528],{"id":5527},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5530,5531,5533],{},[15,5532,5335],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5535,5536],{},"It returns:",[30,5538,5539,5544,5549],{},[33,5540,5541,5543],{},[15,5542,3753],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[33,5545,5546,5548],{},[15,5547,3827],{}," if all items are falsy",[33,5550,5551,5553],{},[15,5552,3827],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5555,5556],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[30,5558,5559,5562,5565],{},[33,5560,5561],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[33,5563,5564],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[33,5566,5567],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5569,5570,5571,5574,5575,144],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[46,5572,5573],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[88,5576,5578],{"href":5577},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5579,3727],{},[51,5581,5583],{"id":5582},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5585,5586],{},"The syntax is simple:",[56,5588,5590],{"className":58,"code":5589,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5591,5592],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5593,5594,5596,5598,5600],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5595,5505],{"class":164},[65,5597,168],{"class":79},[65,5599,3872],{"class":147},[65,5601,174],{"class":79},[20,5603,5604,5605,144],{},"The argument must be an ",[46,5606,3872],{},[20,5608,5609],{},"Common inputs include:",[30,5611,5612,5614,5616,5618,5620],{},[33,5613,5451],{},[33,5615,5454],{},[33,5617,5457],{},[33,5619,5460],{},[33,5621,5463],{},[20,5623,5624],{},"For example:",[56,5626,5628],{"className":58,"code":5627,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5629,5630,5652,5671,5691],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5631,5632,5634,5636,5638,5640,5642,5644,5646,5648,5650],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5633,165],{"class":164},[65,5635,168],{"class":79},[65,5637,5505],{"class":164},[65,5639,3132],{"class":79},[65,5641,2267],{"class":96},[65,5643,100],{"class":79},[65,5645,3986],{"class":96},[65,5647,100],{"class":79},[65,5649,97],{"class":96},[65,5651,3146],{"class":79},[65,5653,5654,5656,5658,5660,5663,5665,5667,5669],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,5655,165],{"class":164},[65,5657,168],{"class":79},[65,5659,5505],{"class":164},[65,5661,5662],{"class":79},"((",[65,5664,3827],{"class":4005},[65,5666,100],{"class":79},[65,5668,4061],{"class":4005},[65,5670,3058],{"class":79},[65,5672,5673,5675,5677,5679,5682,5684,5686,5688],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,5674,165],{"class":164},[65,5676,168],{"class":79},[65,5678,5505],{"class":164},[65,5680,5681],{"class":79},"({",[65,5683,2267],{"class":96},[65,5685,100],{"class":79},[65,5687,113],{"class":96},[65,5689,5690],{"class":79},"}))\n",[65,5692,5693,5695,5697,5699,5701,5703,5705,5707],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,5694,165],{"class":164},[65,5696,168],{"class":79},[65,5698,5505],{"class":164},[65,5700,168],{"class":79},[65,5702,84],{"class":83},[65,5704,3998],{"class":87},[65,5706,84],{"class":83},[65,5708,1870],{"class":79},[20,5710,5711],{},"Expected output:",[56,5713,5715],{"className":58,"code":5714,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5716,5717,5721,5725,5729],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5718,5719],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5720,4134],{"class":4005},[65,5722,5723],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,5724,4195],{"class":4005},[65,5726,5727],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,5728,4134],{"class":4005},[65,5730,5731],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,5732,4134],{"class":4005},[20,5734,5735,5736,144],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[88,5737,5288],{"href":5738},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[51,5740,3881],{"id":3880},[20,5742,3884,5743,3024,5746,3889],{},[46,5744,5745],{},"truthy",[46,5747,5748],{},"falsy",[30,5750,5751,5757],{},[33,5752,5753,3897,5755],{},[46,5754,3896],{},[15,5756,3753],{},[33,5758,5759,3897,5761],{},[46,5760,3904],{},[15,5762,3827],{},[20,5764,3909],{},[30,5766,5767,5771,5775,5779,5783,5787,5791,5795],{},[33,5768,5769],{},[15,5770,3827],{},[33,5772,5773],{},[15,5774,2267],{},[33,5776,5777],{},[15,5778,3920],{},[33,5780,5781],{},[15,5782,3925],{},[33,5784,5785],{},[15,5786,3939],{},[33,5788,5789],{},[15,5790,3944],{},[33,5792,5793],{},[15,5794,3949],{},[33,5796,5797],{},[15,5798,3930],{},[20,5800,3952],{},[20,5802,5803],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[56,5805,5807],{"className":58,"code":5806,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5808,5809,5823,5841],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5810,5811,5813,5815,5817,5819,5821],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5812,165],{"class":164},[65,5814,168],{"class":79},[65,5816,5505],{"class":164},[65,5818,3132],{"class":79},[65,5820,3135],{"class":96},[65,5822,3146],{"class":79},[65,5824,5825,5827,5829,5831,5833,5835,5837,5839],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,5826,165],{"class":164},[65,5828,168],{"class":79},[65,5830,5505],{"class":164},[65,5832,3132],{"class":79},[65,5834,203],{"class":83},[65,5836,3998],{"class":87},[65,5838,203],{"class":83},[65,5840,3146],{"class":79},[65,5842,5843,5845,5847,5849,5852,5854,5856,5858,5860,5862],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,5844,165],{"class":164},[65,5846,168],{"class":79},[65,5848,5505],{"class":164},[65,5850,5851],{"class":79},"([[",[65,5853,3135],{"class":96},[65,5855,100],{"class":79},[65,5857,113],{"class":96},[65,5859,100],{"class":79},[65,5861,127],{"class":96},[65,5863,5864],{"class":79},"]]))\n",[20,5866,5711],{},[56,5868,5870],{"className":58,"code":5869,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5871,5872,5876,5880],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5873,5874],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5875,4134],{"class":4005},[65,5877,5878],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,5879,4134],{"class":4005},[65,5881,5882],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,5883,4134],{"class":4005},[20,5885,5886],{},"And these are all falsy:",[56,5888,5890],{"className":58,"code":5889,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5891,5892],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5893,5894,5896,5898,5900,5902,5904,5906,5908,5910,5912],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5895,165],{"class":164},[65,5897,168],{"class":79},[65,5899,5505],{"class":164},[65,5901,3132],{"class":79},[65,5903,2267],{"class":96},[65,5905,100],{"class":79},[65,5907,3991],{"class":83},[65,5909,100],{"class":79},[65,5911,4006],{"class":4005},[65,5913,3146],{"class":79},[20,5915,5711],{},[56,5917,5918],{"className":58,"code":4195,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,5919,5920],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5921,5922],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5923,4195],{"class":4005},[20,5925,5926,5927,1048,5930,144],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[88,5928,3959],{"href":5929},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[88,5931,5933,5935],{"href":5932},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5934,3965],{}," explained",[51,5937,5939],{"id":5938},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5941,5942],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[56,5944,5946],{"className":58,"code":5945,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5947,5948,5968],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5949,5950,5952,5954,5956,5958,5960,5962,5964,5966],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5951,3975],{"class":71},[65,5953,76],{"class":75},[65,5955,3773],{"class":79},[65,5957,2267],{"class":96},[65,5959,100],{"class":79},[65,5961,3991],{"class":83},[65,5963,100],{"class":79},[65,5965,4762],{"class":96},[65,5967,3786],{"class":79},[65,5969,5970,5972,5974,5976,5978,5980],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,5971,165],{"class":164},[65,5973,168],{"class":79},[65,5975,5505],{"class":164},[65,5977,168],{"class":79},[65,5979,5510],{"class":147},[65,5981,1870],{"class":79},[20,5983,191],{},[56,5985,5986],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,5987,5988],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,5989,5990],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,5991,4134],{"class":4005},[20,5993,4597],{},[30,5995,5996,6001,6005],{},[33,5997,5998,6000],{},[15,5999,2267],{}," is falsy",[33,6002,6003,6000],{},[15,6004,3925],{},[33,6006,6007,6009],{},[15,6008,2284],{}," is truthy",[20,6011,6012,6013,2543,6016,144],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6014,6015],{},"any(values)",[15,6017,3753],{},[20,6019,6020],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[56,6022,6024],{"className":58,"code":6023,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6025,6026,6050],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6027,6028,6030,6032,6034,6036,6038,6040,6042,6044,6046,6048],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6029,3975],{"class":71},[65,6031,76],{"class":75},[65,6033,3773],{"class":79},[65,6035,2267],{"class":96},[65,6037,100],{"class":79},[65,6039,3991],{"class":83},[65,6041,100],{"class":79},[65,6043,4006],{"class":4005},[65,6045,100],{"class":79},[65,6047,4061],{"class":4005},[65,6049,3786],{"class":79},[65,6051,6052,6054,6056,6058,6060,6062],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,6053,165],{"class":164},[65,6055,168],{"class":79},[65,6057,5505],{"class":164},[65,6059,168],{"class":79},[65,6061,5510],{"class":147},[65,6063,1870],{"class":79},[20,6065,191],{},[56,6067,6068],{"className":58,"code":4195,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,6069,6070],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6071,6072],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6073,4195],{"class":4005},[20,6075,6076,6077,144],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6078,3827],{},[51,6080,6082],{"id":6081},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6084,6085,6087,6088,144],{},[15,6086,5335],{}," is often used with a ",[46,6089,6090],{},"generator expression",[20,6092,6093],{},"This is a common pattern:",[56,6095,6097],{"className":58,"code":6096,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6098,6099],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6100,6101,6103,6105,6108,6111,6114,6116,6119],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6102,5505],{"class":164},[65,6104,168],{"class":79},[65,6106,6107],{"class":147},"condition ",[65,6109,6110],{"class":1405},"for",[65,6112,6113],{"class":147}," item ",[65,6115,4036],{"class":1405},[65,6117,6118],{"class":147}," items",[65,6120,174],{"class":79},[20,6122,6123],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6125,6126],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[56,6128,6130],{"className":58,"code":6129,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6131,6132,6160,6164,6191],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6133,6134,6136,6138,6140,6142,6144,6147,6149,6151,6153,6155,6158],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6135,3768],{"class":71},[65,6137,76],{"class":75},[65,6139,3773],{"class":79},[65,6141,2650],{"class":96},[65,6143,100],{"class":79},[65,6145,6146],{"class":96}," 7",[65,6148,100],{"class":79},[65,6150,2368],{"class":75},[65,6152,2204],{"class":96},[65,6154,100],{"class":79},[65,6156,6157],{"class":96}," 10",[65,6159,3786],{"class":79},[65,6161,6162],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,6163,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,6165,6166,6168,6170,6173,6175,6177,6179,6181,6183,6185,6187,6189],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,6167,401],{"class":71},[65,6169,76],{"class":75},[65,6171,6172],{"class":164}," any",[65,6174,168],{"class":79},[65,6176,3172],{"class":147},[65,6178,3439],{"class":75},[65,6180,3986],{"class":96},[65,6182,4030],{"class":1405},[65,6184,4033],{"class":147},[65,6186,4036],{"class":1405},[65,6188,4419],{"class":147},[65,6190,174],{"class":79},[65,6192,6193,6195,6197,6199],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,6194,165],{"class":164},[65,6196,168],{"class":79},[65,6198,425],{"class":147},[65,6200,174],{"class":79},[20,6202,191],{},[56,6204,6205],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,6206,6207],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6208,6209],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6210,4134],{"class":4005},[20,6212,6213,6214,6217],{},"This works because ",[15,6215,6216],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[30,6219,6220,6228,6235],{},[33,6221,6222,6225,6226],{},[15,6223,6224],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6227,3827],{},[33,6229,6230,6225,6233],{},[15,6231,6232],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6234,3827],{},[33,6236,6237,6225,6240],{},[15,6238,6239],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6241,3753],{},[20,6243,6244,6245,6247,6248,6250,6251,144],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6246,3753],{}," result, ",[15,6249,5335],{}," can return ",[15,6252,3753],{},[20,6254,6255],{},"Here is another example:",[56,6257,6259],{"className":58,"code":6258,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6260,6261,6290,6294,6324],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6262,6263,6265,6267,6269,6271,6273,6275,6277,6280,6282,6284,6286,6288],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6264,4225],{"class":71},[65,6266,76],{"class":75},[65,6268,3773],{"class":79},[65,6270,84],{"class":83},[65,6272,4234],{"class":87},[65,6274,84],{"class":83},[65,6276,100],{"class":79},[65,6278,6279],{"class":83}," \"\"",[65,6281,100],{"class":79},[65,6283,103],{"class":83},[65,6285,4243],{"class":87},[65,6287,84],{"class":83},[65,6289,3786],{"class":79},[65,6291,6292],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,6293,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,6295,6296,6299,6301,6303,6305,6308,6310,6312,6314,6317,6319,6322],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,6297,6298],{"class":71},"has_empty_string ",[65,6300,76],{"class":75},[65,6302,6172],{"class":164},[65,6304,168],{"class":79},[65,6306,6307],{"class":147},"word ",[65,6309,4845],{"class":75},[65,6311,6279],{"class":83},[65,6313,4030],{"class":1405},[65,6315,6316],{"class":147}," word ",[65,6318,4036],{"class":1405},[65,6320,6321],{"class":147}," words",[65,6323,174],{"class":79},[65,6325,6326,6328,6330,6333],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,6327,165],{"class":164},[65,6329,168],{"class":79},[65,6331,6332],{"class":147},"has_empty_string",[65,6334,174],{"class":79},[20,6336,191],{},[56,6338,6339],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,6340,6341],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6342,6343],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6344,4134],{"class":4005},[20,6346,6347,6348,144],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[88,6349,6351],{"href":6350},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[51,6353,6355],{"id":6354},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6357,6358,6359,93],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6360,3827],{},[56,6362,6364],{"className":58,"code":6363,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6365,6366],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6367,6368,6370,6372,6374],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6369,165],{"class":164},[65,6371,168],{"class":79},[65,6373,5505],{"class":164},[65,6375,4584],{"class":79},[20,6377,191],{},[56,6379,6380],{"className":58,"code":4195,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,6381,6382],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6383,6384],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6385,4195],{"class":4005},[20,6387,6388],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6390,6391,6392,6394],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6393,5335],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6396,6397],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[56,6399,6401],{"className":58,"code":6400,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6402,6403,6413,6428],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6404,6405,6407,6409,6411],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6406,165],{"class":164},[65,6408,168],{"class":79},[65,6410,5505],{"class":164},[65,6412,4642],{"class":79},[65,6414,6415,6417,6419,6421,6423,6426],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,6416,165],{"class":164},[65,6418,168],{"class":79},[65,6420,5505],{"class":164},[65,6422,168],{"class":79},[65,6424,6425],{"class":83},"\"\"",[65,6427,1870],{"class":79},[65,6429,6430,6432,6434,6436,6438,6441],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,6431,165],{"class":164},[65,6433,168],{"class":79},[65,6435,5505],{"class":164},[65,6437,168],{"class":79},[65,6439,6440],{"class":1368},"set",[65,6442,6443],{"class":79},"()))\n",[20,6445,191],{},[56,6447,6449],{"className":58,"code":6448,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6450,6451,6455,6459],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6452,6453],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6454,4195],{"class":4005},[65,6456,6457],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,6458,4195],{"class":4005},[65,6460,6461],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,6462,4195],{"class":4005},[51,6464,6466],{"id":6465},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6468,1309,6469,6471],{},[15,6470,5335],{}," when you want to:",[30,6473,6474,6477,6480],{},[33,6475,6476],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[33,6478,6479],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[33,6481,6482],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6484,6485],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[56,6487,6489],{"className":58,"code":6488,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6490,6491,6516,6520,6530,6534,6547,6566,6576,6581,6585],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6492,6493,6495,6497,6499,6501,6503,6505,6507,6509,6511,6514],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6494,3768],{"class":71},[65,6496,76],{"class":75},[65,6498,3773],{"class":79},[65,6500,3135],{"class":96},[65,6502,100],{"class":79},[65,6504,127],{"class":96},[65,6506,100],{"class":79},[65,6508,4762],{"class":96},[65,6510,100],{"class":79},[65,6512,6513],{"class":96}," 8",[65,6515,3786],{"class":79},[65,6517,6518],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,6519,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,6521,6522,6525,6527],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,6523,6524],{"class":71},"found_even ",[65,6526,76],{"class":75},[65,6528,6529],{"class":4005}," False\n",[65,6531,6532],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,6533,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,6535,6536,6538,6541,6543,6545],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,6537,6110],{"class":1405},[65,6539,6540],{"class":71}," number ",[65,6542,4036],{"class":1405},[65,6544,4419],{"class":71},[65,6546,1411],{"class":79},[65,6548,6549,6552,6554,6557,6559,6562,6564],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,6550,6551],{"class":1405},"    if",[65,6553,6540],{"class":71},[65,6555,6556],{"class":75},"%",[65,6558,113],{"class":96},[65,6560,6561],{"class":75}," ==",[65,6563,3986],{"class":96},[65,6565,1411],{"class":79},[65,6567,6568,6571,6573],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,6569,6570],{"class":71},"        found_even ",[65,6572,76],{"class":75},[65,6574,6575],{"class":4005}," True\n",[65,6577,6578],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,6579,6580],{"class":1405},"        break\n",[65,6582,6583],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,6584,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,6586,6588,6590,6592,6595],{"class":67,"line":6587},10,[65,6589,165],{"class":164},[65,6591,168],{"class":79},[65,6593,6594],{"class":147},"found_even",[65,6596,174],{"class":79},[20,6598,6599],{},"You can write:",[56,6601,6603],{"className":58,"code":6602,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6604,6605,6629],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6606,6607,6609,6611,6613,6615,6617,6619,6621,6623,6625,6627],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6608,3768],{"class":71},[65,6610,76],{"class":75},[65,6612,3773],{"class":79},[65,6614,3135],{"class":96},[65,6616,100],{"class":79},[65,6618,127],{"class":96},[65,6620,100],{"class":79},[65,6622,4762],{"class":96},[65,6624,100],{"class":79},[65,6626,6513],{"class":96},[65,6628,3786],{"class":79},[65,6630,6631,6633,6635,6637,6639,6641,6643,6645,6647,6649,6651,6653,6655,6657],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,6632,165],{"class":164},[65,6634,168],{"class":79},[65,6636,5505],{"class":164},[65,6638,168],{"class":79},[65,6640,2363],{"class":147},[65,6642,6556],{"class":75},[65,6644,113],{"class":96},[65,6646,6561],{"class":75},[65,6648,3986],{"class":96},[65,6650,4030],{"class":1405},[65,6652,6540],{"class":147},[65,6654,4036],{"class":1405},[65,6656,4419],{"class":147},[65,6658,1870],{"class":79},[20,6660,6661,6662,6664],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6663,5335],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[51,6666,4675],{"id":4674},[20,6668,6669,6670,144],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6671,5335],{},[1059,6673,6675],{"id":6674},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6677,4682],{},[56,6679,6681],{"className":58,"code":6680,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6682,6683],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6684,6685,6687,6689,6691,6693,6695],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6686,165],{"class":164},[65,6688,168],{"class":79},[65,6690,5505],{"class":164},[65,6692,168],{"class":79},[65,6694,2284],{"class":96},[65,6696,1870],{"class":79},[20,6698,6699,6700,6702],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6701,2284],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6704,6705],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[56,6707,6709],{"className":58,"code":6708,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6710,6711],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6712,6713,6715,6717,6719,6721,6723],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6714,165],{"class":164},[65,6716,168],{"class":79},[65,6718,5505],{"class":164},[65,6720,3132],{"class":79},[65,6722,2284],{"class":96},[65,6724,3146],{"class":79},[1059,6726,6728],{"id":6727},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6730,6731,6733,6734,6737],{},[15,6732,5335],{}," needs only ",[46,6735,6736],{},"one"," truthy item.",[56,6739,6741],{"className":58,"code":6740,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6742,6743],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6744,6745,6747,6749,6751,6753,6755,6757,6759,6761,6763],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6746,165],{"class":164},[65,6748,168],{"class":79},[65,6750,5505],{"class":164},[65,6752,3132],{"class":79},[65,6754,3827],{"class":4005},[65,6756,100],{"class":79},[65,6758,4061],{"class":4005},[65,6760,100],{"class":79},[65,6762,4070],{"class":4005},[65,6764,3146],{"class":79},[20,6766,191],{},[56,6768,6769],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,6770,6771],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6772,6773],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6774,4134],{"class":4005},[20,6776,6777,6778,328],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[88,6779,6780],{"href":5577},[15,6781,3727],{},[1059,6783,6785],{"id":6784},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6787,6788,6789,144],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6790,6791],{},"\"True\"",[56,6793,6795],{"className":58,"code":6794,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6796,6797],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6798,6799,6801,6803,6805,6807,6809,6811,6813],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6800,165],{"class":164},[65,6802,168],{"class":79},[65,6804,5505],{"class":164},[65,6806,3132],{"class":79},[65,6808,84],{"class":83},[65,6810,3827],{"class":87},[65,6812,84],{"class":83},[65,6814,3146],{"class":79},[20,6816,191],{},[56,6818,6819],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,6820,6821],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6822,6823],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6824,4134],{"class":4005},[20,6826,6827,6828,6831],{},"That is because ",[15,6829,6830],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1059,6833,6835],{"id":6834},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6837,6838],{},"This works:",[56,6840,6842],{"className":58,"code":6841,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6843,6844,6864],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6845,6846,6848,6850,6852,6854,6856,6858,6860,6862],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6847,3768],{"class":71},[65,6849,76],{"class":75},[65,6851,3773],{"class":79},[65,6853,3135],{"class":96},[65,6855,100],{"class":79},[65,6857,113],{"class":96},[65,6859,100],{"class":79},[65,6861,127],{"class":96},[65,6863,3786],{"class":79},[65,6865,6866,6868,6870,6872,6874,6876,6878,6880,6882,6884,6886,6888],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,6867,165],{"class":164},[65,6869,168],{"class":79},[65,6871,5505],{"class":164},[65,6873,3132],{"class":79},[65,6875,3172],{"class":147},[65,6877,4408],{"class":75},[65,6879,113],{"class":96},[65,6881,4030],{"class":1405},[65,6883,4033],{"class":147},[65,6885,4036],{"class":1405},[65,6887,4419],{"class":147},[65,6889,3146],{"class":79},[20,6891,6892],{},"But this is usually better:",[56,6894,6896],{"className":58,"code":6895,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6897,6898,6918],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6899,6900,6902,6904,6906,6908,6910,6912,6914,6916],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6901,3768],{"class":71},[65,6903,76],{"class":75},[65,6905,3773],{"class":79},[65,6907,3135],{"class":96},[65,6909,100],{"class":79},[65,6911,113],{"class":96},[65,6913,100],{"class":79},[65,6915,127],{"class":96},[65,6917,3786],{"class":79},[65,6919,6920,6922,6924,6926,6928,6930,6932,6934,6936,6938,6940,6942],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,6921,165],{"class":164},[65,6923,168],{"class":79},[65,6925,5505],{"class":164},[65,6927,168],{"class":79},[65,6929,3172],{"class":147},[65,6931,4408],{"class":75},[65,6933,113],{"class":96},[65,6935,4030],{"class":1405},[65,6937,4033],{"class":147},[65,6939,4036],{"class":1405},[65,6941,4419],{"class":147},[65,6943,1870],{"class":79},[20,6945,6946],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[51,6948,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,6950,6952],{"id":6951},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6954,5298,6955,6957,6958,144],{},[15,6956,3753],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6959,3827],{},[1059,6961,6963],{"id":6962},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6965,6966,2543,6968,6970],{},[15,6967,5335],{},[15,6969,3827],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1059,6972,6974],{"id":6973},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6976,6977,6979,6980,6982],{},[15,6978,5335],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6981,3727],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1059,6984,6986],{"id":6985},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6988,6989],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[56,6991,6992],{"className":58,"code":6096,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,6993,6994],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,6995,6996,6998,7000,7002,7004,7006,7008,7010],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,6997,5505],{"class":164},[65,6999,168],{"class":79},[65,7001,6107],{"class":147},[65,7003,6110],{"class":1405},[65,7005,6113],{"class":147},[65,7007,4036],{"class":1405},[65,7009,6118],{"class":147},[65,7011,174],{"class":79},[20,7013,5624],{},[56,7015,7016],{"className":58,"code":6895,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,7017,7018,7038],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7019,7020,7022,7024,7026,7028,7030,7032,7034,7036],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7021,3768],{"class":71},[65,7023,76],{"class":75},[65,7025,3773],{"class":79},[65,7027,3135],{"class":96},[65,7029,100],{"class":79},[65,7031,113],{"class":96},[65,7033,100],{"class":79},[65,7035,127],{"class":96},[65,7037,3786],{"class":79},[65,7039,7040,7042,7044,7046,7048,7050,7052,7054,7056,7058,7060,7062],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,7041,165],{"class":164},[65,7043,168],{"class":79},[65,7045,5505],{"class":164},[65,7047,168],{"class":79},[65,7049,3172],{"class":147},[65,7051,4408],{"class":75},[65,7053,113],{"class":96},[65,7055,4030],{"class":1405},[65,7057,4033],{"class":147},[65,7059,4036],{"class":1405},[65,7061,4419],{"class":147},[65,7063,1870],{"class":79},[51,7065,2015],{"id":2014},[30,7067,7068,7074,7078,7082,7087],{},[33,7069,7070],{},[88,7071,7072,3657],{"href":5577},[15,7073,3727],{},[33,7075,7076],{},[88,7077,3959],{"href":5929},[33,7079,7080],{},[88,7081,5367],{"href":5738},[33,7083,7084],{},[88,7085,7086],{"href":6350},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[33,7088,7089],{},[88,7090,7091,3657],{"href":5932},[15,7092,3965],{},[2071,7094,7095],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":7097},[7098,7099,7100,7101,7102,7103,7104,7105,7111,7117],{"id":5527,"depth":133,"text":5528},{"id":5582,"depth":133,"text":5583},{"id":3880,"depth":133,"text":3881},{"id":5938,"depth":133,"text":5939},{"id":6081,"depth":133,"text":6082},{"id":6354,"depth":133,"text":6355},{"id":6465,"depth":133,"text":6466},{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675,"children":7106},[7107,7108,7109,7110],{"id":6674,"depth":154,"text":6675},{"id":6727,"depth":154,"text":6728},{"id":6784,"depth":154,"text":6785},{"id":6834,"depth":154,"text":6835},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":7112},[7113,7114,7115,7116],{"id":6951,"depth":154,"text":6952},{"id":6962,"depth":154,"text":6963},{"id":6973,"depth":154,"text":6974},{"id":6985,"depth":154,"text":6986},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5430,"description":7118},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7124,"title":7125,"body":7126,"description":9255,"extension":2111,"meta":9256,"navigation":157,"path":9257,"seo":9258,"stem":9259,"__hash__":9260},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7127,"toc":9218},[7128,7131,7140,7149,7151,7248,7250,7279,7295,7299,7304,7307,7317,7323,7329,7344,7346,7354,7361,7365,7368,7383,7388,7406,7411,7413,7461,7463,7480,7484,7490,7493,7528,7530,7636,7638,7675,7679,7687,7689,7709,7711,7831,7833,7862,7865,7888,7890,7898,7906,7910,7916,7920,7963,7965,7973,7976,8004,8006,8014,8018,8047,8049,8057,8089,8091,8099,8103,8154,8156,8164,8172,8176,8179,8231,8233,8254,8261,8265,8271,8274,8282,8304,8306,8314,8322,8345,8347,8355,8360,8365,8377,8379,8420,8431,8435,8444,8447,8450,8509,8512,8564,8567,8573,8588,8594,8596,8601,8609,8612,8634,8636,8644,8649,8652,8687,8689,8697,8701,8706,8744,8756,8759,8813,8821,8825,8828,8850,8859,8862,8903,8905,8928,8934,8940,8955,8957,8977,8980,8999,9001,9020,9024,9030,9109,9112,9126,9133,9135,9139,9146,9150,9154,9158,9163,9167,9172,9176,9183,9185,9215],[10,7129,7125],{"id":7130},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7132,22,7133,7135,7136,3024,7138,144],{},[15,7134,3965],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7137,3753],{},[15,7139,3827],{},[20,7141,7142,7143,7145,7146,7148],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7144,3965],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7147,1406],{}," statements and other conditions.",[51,7150,3758],{"id":3757},[56,7152,7154],{"className":58,"code":7153,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7155,7156,7170,7184,7198,7216,7226],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7157,7158,7160,7162,7164,7166,7168],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7159,165],{"class":164},[65,7161,168],{"class":79},[65,7163,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7165,168],{"class":79},[65,7167,2267],{"class":96},[65,7169,1870],{"class":79},[65,7171,7172,7174,7176,7178,7180,7182],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,7173,165],{"class":164},[65,7175,168],{"class":79},[65,7177,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7179,168],{"class":79},[65,7181,3135],{"class":96},[65,7183,1870],{"class":79},[65,7185,7186,7188,7190,7192,7194,7196],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,7187,165],{"class":164},[65,7189,168],{"class":79},[65,7191,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7193,168],{"class":79},[65,7195,6425],{"class":83},[65,7197,1870],{"class":79},[65,7199,7200,7202,7204,7206,7208,7210,7212,7214],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,7201,165],{"class":164},[65,7203,168],{"class":79},[65,7205,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7207,168],{"class":79},[65,7209,84],{"class":83},[65,7211,3998],{"class":87},[65,7213,84],{"class":83},[65,7215,1870],{"class":79},[65,7217,7218,7220,7222,7224],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,7219,165],{"class":164},[65,7221,168],{"class":79},[65,7223,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7225,4584],{"class":79},[65,7227,7228,7230,7232,7234,7236,7238,7240,7242,7244,7246],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,7229,165],{"class":164},[65,7231,168],{"class":79},[65,7233,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7235,3132],{"class":79},[65,7237,3135],{"class":96},[65,7239,100],{"class":79},[65,7241,113],{"class":96},[65,7243,100],{"class":79},[65,7245,127],{"class":96},[65,7247,3146],{"class":79},[20,7249,5711],{},[56,7251,7253],{"className":58,"code":7252,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7254,7255,7259,7263,7267,7271,7275],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7256,7257],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7258,4195],{"class":4005},[65,7260,7261],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,7262,4134],{"class":4005},[65,7264,7265],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,7266,4195],{"class":4005},[65,7268,7269],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,7270,4134],{"class":4005},[65,7272,7273],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,7274,4195],{"class":4005},[65,7276,7277],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,7278,4134],{"class":4005},[20,7280,1309,7281,7284,7285,3024,7287,7289,7290,7292,7293,144],{},[15,7282,7283],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7286,3753],{},[15,7288,3827],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7291,3827],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7294,3753],{},[51,7296,7298],{"id":7297},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7300,7301,7303],{},[15,7302,3965],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7305,7306],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[30,7308,7309,7313],{},[33,7310,7311],{},[15,7312,3753],{},[33,7314,7315],{},[15,7316,3827],{},[20,7318,7319,7320,7322],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7321,1406],{}," statements.",[20,7324,7325,7326,7328],{},"You can also call ",[15,7327,3965],{}," with no argument:",[56,7330,7332],{"className":58,"code":7331,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(bool())\n",[15,7333,7334],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7335,7336,7338,7340,7342],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7337,165],{"class":164},[65,7339,168],{"class":79},[65,7341,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7343,980],{"class":79},[20,7345,191],{},[56,7347,7348],{"className":58,"code":4195,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,7349,7350],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7351,7352],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7353,4195],{"class":4005},[20,7355,7356,7357,144],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[88,7358,7360],{"href":7359},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[51,7362,7364],{"id":7363},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7366,7367],{},"The basic syntax is:",[56,7369,7371],{"className":58,"code":7370,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"bool(value)\n",[15,7372,7373],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7374,7375,7377,7379,7381],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7376,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7378,168],{"class":79},[65,7380,1714],{"class":147},[65,7382,174],{"class":79},[20,7384,22,7385,7387],{},[15,7386,1714],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[30,7389,7390,7392,7394,7396,7398,7401,7403],{},[33,7391,3800],{},[33,7393,5460],{},[33,7395,5451],{},[33,7397,5454],{},[33,7399,7400],{},"dictionaries",[33,7402,5457],{},[33,7404,7405],{},"other objects",[20,7407,7408,7409,144],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7410,3827],{},[20,7412,350],{},[56,7414,7416],{"className":58,"code":7415,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7417,7418,7432,7451],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7419,7420,7422,7424,7426,7428,7430],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7421,165],{"class":164},[65,7423,168],{"class":79},[65,7425,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7427,168],{"class":79},[65,7429,2476],{"class":96},[65,7431,1870],{"class":79},[65,7433,7434,7436,7438,7440,7442,7444,7447,7449],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,7435,165],{"class":164},[65,7437,168],{"class":79},[65,7439,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7441,168],{"class":79},[65,7443,84],{"class":83},[65,7445,7446],{"class":87},"Python",[65,7448,84],{"class":83},[65,7450,1870],{"class":79},[65,7452,7453,7455,7457,7459],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,7454,165],{"class":164},[65,7456,168],{"class":79},[65,7458,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7460,980],{"class":79},[20,7462,191],{},[56,7464,7466],{"className":58,"code":7465,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7467,7468,7472,7476],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7469,7470],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7471,4134],{"class":4005},[65,7473,7474],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,7475,4134],{"class":4005},[65,7477,7478],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,7479,4195],{"class":4005},[51,7481,7483],{"id":7482},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7485,7486,7487,7489],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[46,7488,5748],{}," values.",[20,7491,7492],{},"Common examples:",[30,7494,7495,7499,7503,7507,7511,7516,7520,7524],{},[33,7496,7497],{},[15,7498,2267],{},[33,7500,7501],{},[15,7502,3920],{},[33,7504,7505],{},[15,7506,6425],{},[33,7508,7509],{},[15,7510,3939],{},[33,7512,7513],{},[15,7514,7515],{},"()",[33,7517,7518],{},[15,7519,3944],{},[33,7521,7522],{},[15,7523,3949],{},[33,7525,7526],{},[15,7527,3930],{},[20,7529,350],{},[56,7531,7533],{"className":58,"code":7532,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7534,7535,7549,7563,7577,7587,7597,7608,7622],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7536,7537,7539,7541,7543,7545,7547],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7538,165],{"class":164},[65,7540,168],{"class":79},[65,7542,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7544,168],{"class":79},[65,7546,2267],{"class":96},[65,7548,1870],{"class":79},[65,7550,7551,7553,7555,7557,7559,7561],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,7552,165],{"class":164},[65,7554,168],{"class":79},[65,7556,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7558,168],{"class":79},[65,7560,3920],{"class":96},[65,7562,1870],{"class":79},[65,7564,7565,7567,7569,7571,7573,7575],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,7566,165],{"class":164},[65,7568,168],{"class":79},[65,7570,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7572,168],{"class":79},[65,7574,6425],{"class":83},[65,7576,1870],{"class":79},[65,7578,7579,7581,7583,7585],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,7580,165],{"class":164},[65,7582,168],{"class":79},[65,7584,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7586,4584],{"class":79},[65,7588,7589,7591,7593,7595],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,7590,165],{"class":164},[65,7592,168],{"class":79},[65,7594,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7596,4642],{"class":79},[65,7598,7599,7601,7603,7605],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,7600,165],{"class":164},[65,7602,168],{"class":79},[65,7604,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7606,7607],{"class":79},"({}))\n",[65,7609,7610,7612,7614,7616,7618,7620],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,7611,165],{"class":164},[65,7613,168],{"class":79},[65,7615,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7617,168],{"class":79},[65,7619,6440],{"class":1368},[65,7621,6443],{"class":79},[65,7623,7624,7626,7628,7630,7632,7634],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,7625,165],{"class":164},[65,7627,168],{"class":79},[65,7629,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7631,168],{"class":79},[65,7633,3930],{"class":4005},[65,7635,1870],{"class":79},[20,7637,191],{},[56,7639,7641],{"className":58,"code":7640,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7642,7643,7647,7651,7655,7659,7663,7667,7671],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7644,7645],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7646,4195],{"class":4005},[65,7648,7649],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,7650,4195],{"class":4005},[65,7652,7653],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,7654,4195],{"class":4005},[65,7656,7657],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,7658,4195],{"class":4005},[65,7660,7661],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,7662,4195],{"class":4005},[65,7664,7665],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,7666,4195],{"class":4005},[65,7668,7669],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,7670,4195],{"class":4005},[65,7672,7673],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,7674,4195],{"class":4005},[51,7676,7678],{"id":7677},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7680,7681,7682,7684,7685,7489],{},"Many values become ",[15,7683,3753],{},". These are often called ",[46,7686,5745],{},[20,7688,7492],{},[30,7690,7691,7694,7697,7700,7703,7706],{},[33,7692,7693],{},"non-zero numbers",[33,7695,7696],{},"non-empty strings",[33,7698,7699],{},"non-empty lists",[33,7701,7702],{},"non-empty tuples",[33,7704,7705],{},"non-empty sets",[33,7707,7708],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7710,350],{},[56,7712,7714],{"className":58,"code":7713,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7715,7716,7730,7746,7764,7786,7804],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7717,7718,7720,7722,7724,7726,7728],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7719,165],{"class":164},[65,7721,168],{"class":79},[65,7723,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7725,168],{"class":79},[65,7727,2284],{"class":96},[65,7729,1870],{"class":79},[65,7731,7732,7734,7736,7738,7740,7742,7744],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,7733,165],{"class":164},[65,7735,168],{"class":79},[65,7737,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7739,168],{"class":79},[65,7741,2169],{"class":75},[65,7743,2204],{"class":96},[65,7745,1870],{"class":79},[65,7747,7748,7750,7752,7754,7756,7758,7760,7762],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,7749,165],{"class":164},[65,7751,168],{"class":79},[65,7753,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7755,168],{"class":79},[65,7757,84],{"class":83},[65,7759,3998],{"class":87},[65,7761,84],{"class":83},[65,7763,1870],{"class":79},[65,7765,7766,7768,7770,7772,7774,7776,7778,7780,7782,7784],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,7767,165],{"class":164},[65,7769,168],{"class":79},[65,7771,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7773,3132],{"class":79},[65,7775,3135],{"class":96},[65,7777,100],{"class":79},[65,7779,113],{"class":96},[65,7781,100],{"class":79},[65,7783,127],{"class":96},[65,7785,3146],{"class":79},[65,7787,7788,7790,7792,7794,7796,7798,7800,7802],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,7789,165],{"class":164},[65,7791,168],{"class":79},[65,7793,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7795,5662],{"class":79},[65,7797,3135],{"class":96},[65,7799,100],{"class":79},[65,7801,113],{"class":96},[65,7803,3058],{"class":79},[65,7805,7806,7808,7810,7812,7814,7816,7818,7820,7822,7824,7827,7829],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,7807,165],{"class":164},[65,7809,168],{"class":79},[65,7811,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7813,5681],{"class":79},[65,7815,84],{"class":83},[65,7817,369],{"class":87},[65,7819,84],{"class":83},[65,7821,93],{"class":79},[65,7823,103],{"class":83},[65,7825,7826],{"class":87},"Sam",[65,7828,84],{"class":83},[65,7830,5690],{"class":79},[20,7832,191],{},[56,7834,7836],{"className":58,"code":7835,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7837,7838,7842,7846,7850,7854,7858],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7839,7840],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7841,4134],{"class":4005},[65,7843,7844],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,7845,4134],{"class":4005},[65,7847,7848],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,7849,4134],{"class":4005},[65,7851,7852],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,7853,4134],{"class":4005},[65,7855,7856],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,7857,4134],{"class":4005},[65,7859,7860],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,7861,4134],{"class":4005},[20,7863,7864],{},"One important example is this:",[56,7866,7868],{"className":58,"code":7867,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7869,7870],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7871,7872,7874,7876,7878,7880,7882,7884,7886],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7873,165],{"class":164},[65,7875,168],{"class":79},[65,7877,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7879,168],{"class":79},[65,7881,84],{"class":83},[65,7883,3827],{"class":87},[65,7885,84],{"class":83},[65,7887,1870],{"class":79},[20,7889,191],{},[56,7891,7892],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,7893,7894],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7895,7896],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7897,4134],{"class":4005},[20,7899,7900,7901,7903,7904,144],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7902,6830],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7905,3753],{},[51,7907,7909],{"id":7908},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7911,7912,7913,7915],{},"You can use ",[15,7914,3965],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1059,7917,7919],{"id":7918},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[56,7921,7923],{"className":58,"code":7922,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7924,7925,7948],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7926,7927,7930,7932,7934,7936,7938,7941,7943,7946],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7928,7929],{"class":71},"items ",[65,7931,76],{"class":75},[65,7933,3773],{"class":79},[65,7935,2476],{"class":96},[65,7937,100],{"class":79},[65,7939,7940],{"class":96}," 20",[65,7942,100],{"class":79},[65,7944,7945],{"class":96}," 30",[65,7947,3786],{"class":79},[65,7949,7950,7952,7954,7956,7958,7961],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,7951,165],{"class":164},[65,7953,168],{"class":79},[65,7955,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7957,168],{"class":79},[65,7959,7960],{"class":147},"items",[65,7962,1870],{"class":79},[20,7964,191],{},[56,7966,7967],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,7968,7969],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7970,7971],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7972,4134],{"class":4005},[20,7974,7975],{},"With an empty list:",[56,7977,7979],{"className":58,"code":7978,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7980,7981,7990],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,7982,7983,7985,7987],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,7984,7929],{"class":71},[65,7986,76],{"class":75},[65,7988,7989],{"class":79}," []\n",[65,7991,7992,7994,7996,7998,8000,8002],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,7993,165],{"class":164},[65,7995,168],{"class":79},[65,7997,4021],{"class":1368},[65,7999,168],{"class":79},[65,8001,7960],{"class":147},[65,8003,1870],{"class":79},[20,8005,191],{},[56,8007,8008],{"className":58,"code":4195,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,8009,8010],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8011,8012],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8013,4195],{"class":4005},[1059,8015,8017],{"id":8016},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[56,8019,8021],{"className":58,"code":8020,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8022,8023,8033],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8024,8025,8028,8030],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8026,8027],{"class":71},"name ",[65,8029,76],{"class":75},[65,8031,8032],{"class":83}," \"\"\n",[65,8034,8035,8037,8039,8041,8043,8045],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,8036,165],{"class":164},[65,8038,168],{"class":79},[65,8040,4021],{"class":1368},[65,8042,168],{"class":79},[65,8044,369],{"class":147},[65,8046,1870],{"class":79},[20,8048,191],{},[56,8050,8051],{"className":58,"code":4195,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,8052,8053],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8054,8055],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8056,4195],{"class":4005},[56,8058,8060],{"className":58,"code":8059,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8061,8062,8075],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8063,8064,8066,8068,8070,8073],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8065,8027],{"class":71},[65,8067,76],{"class":75},[65,8069,103],{"class":83},[65,8071,8072],{"class":87},"Mia",[65,8074,1650],{"class":83},[65,8076,8077,8079,8081,8083,8085,8087],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,8078,165],{"class":164},[65,8080,168],{"class":79},[65,8082,4021],{"class":1368},[65,8084,168],{"class":79},[65,8086,369],{"class":147},[65,8088,1870],{"class":79},[20,8090,191],{},[56,8092,8093],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,8094,8095],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8096,8097],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8098,4134],{"class":4005},[1059,8100,8102],{"id":8101},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[56,8104,8106],{"className":58,"code":8105,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8107,8108,8122,8139,8143],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8109,8110,8113,8115,8117,8120],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8111,8112],{"class":71},"username ",[65,8114,76],{"class":75},[65,8116,103],{"class":83},[65,8118,8119],{"class":87},"alex",[65,8121,1650],{"class":83},[65,8123,8124,8127,8129,8132,8134,8137],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,8125,8126],{"class":71},"has_name ",[65,8128,76],{"class":75},[65,8130,8131],{"class":1368}," bool",[65,8133,168],{"class":79},[65,8135,8136],{"class":147},"username",[65,8138,174],{"class":79},[65,8140,8141],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,8142,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,8144,8145,8147,8149,8152],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,8146,165],{"class":164},[65,8148,168],{"class":79},[65,8150,8151],{"class":147},"has_name",[65,8153,174],{"class":79},[20,8155,191],{},[56,8157,8158],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,8159,8160],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8161,8162],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8163,4134],{"class":4005},[20,8165,8166,8167,3024,8169,8171],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8168,3753],{},[15,8170,3827],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1059,8173,8175],{"id":8174},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8177,8178],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[56,8180,8182],{"className":58,"code":8181,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8183,8184,8204,8208,8216],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8185,8186,8188,8190,8192,8194,8196,8198,8200,8202],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8187,3768],{"class":71},[65,8189,76],{"class":75},[65,8191,3773],{"class":79},[65,8193,3135],{"class":96},[65,8195,100],{"class":79},[65,8197,113],{"class":96},[65,8199,100],{"class":79},[65,8201,127],{"class":96},[65,8203,3786],{"class":79},[65,8205,8206],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,8207,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,8209,8210,8212,8214],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,8211,1406],{"class":1405},[65,8213,4419],{"class":71},[65,8215,1411],{"class":79},[65,8217,8218,8220,8222,8224,8227,8229],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,8219,1431],{"class":164},[65,8221,168],{"class":79},[65,8223,84],{"class":83},[65,8225,8226],{"class":87},"The list is not empty",[65,8228,84],{"class":83},[65,8230,174],{"class":79},[20,8232,191],{},[56,8234,8236],{"className":58,"code":8235,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8237,8238],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8239,8240,8242,8245,8248,8251],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8241,22],{"class":71},[65,8243,8244],{"class":1368},"list",[65,8246,8247],{"class":75}," is",[65,8249,8250],{"class":75}," not",[65,8252,8253],{"class":71}," empty\n",[20,8255,8256,8257,144],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[88,8258,8260],{"href":8259},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[51,8262,8264],{"id":8263},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8266,8267,8268,8270],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8269,3965],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8272,8273],{},"It does not do that.",[1059,8275,8277,2543,8280],{"id":8276},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8278,8279],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8281,3753],{},[56,8283,8284],{"className":58,"code":7867,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,8285,8286],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8287,8288,8290,8292,8294,8296,8298,8300,8302],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8289,165],{"class":164},[65,8291,168],{"class":79},[65,8293,4021],{"class":1368},[65,8295,168],{"class":79},[65,8297,84],{"class":83},[65,8299,3827],{"class":87},[65,8301,84],{"class":83},[65,8303,1870],{"class":79},[20,8305,191],{},[56,8307,8308],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,8309,8310],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8311,8312],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8313,4134],{"class":4005},[1059,8315,8317,2543,8320],{"id":8316},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8318,8319],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8321,3753],{},[56,8323,8325],{"className":58,"code":8324,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8326,8327],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8328,8329,8331,8333,8335,8337,8339,8341,8343],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8330,165],{"class":164},[65,8332,168],{"class":79},[65,8334,4021],{"class":1368},[65,8336,168],{"class":79},[65,8338,84],{"class":83},[65,8340,2267],{"class":87},[65,8342,84],{"class":83},[65,8344,1870],{"class":79},[20,8346,191],{},[56,8348,8349],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,8350,8351],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8352,8353],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8354,4134],{"class":4005},[20,8356,8357,8358,144],{},"This happens because both values are ",[46,8359,7696],{},[20,8361,8362,8364],{},[15,8363,3965],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8366,8367,8368,8373,8374,8376],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[88,8369,8371],{"href":8370},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8372,3104],{},", because ",[15,8375,3104],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8378,350],{},[56,8380,8382],{"className":58,"code":8381,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8383,8384,8405],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8385,8386,8389,8391,8394,8396,8398,8401,8403],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8387,8388],{"class":71},"user_value ",[65,8390,76],{"class":75},[65,8392,8393],{"class":164}," input",[65,8395,168],{"class":79},[65,8397,84],{"class":83},[65,8399,8400],{"class":87},"Enter True or False: ",[65,8402,84],{"class":83},[65,8404,174],{"class":79},[65,8406,8407,8409,8411,8413,8415,8418],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,8408,165],{"class":164},[65,8410,168],{"class":79},[65,8412,4021],{"class":1368},[65,8414,168],{"class":79},[65,8416,8417],{"class":147},"user_value",[65,8419,1870],{"class":79},[20,8421,8422,8423,8425,8426,8373,8428,8430],{},"If the user types ",[15,8424,3827],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8427,3753],{},[15,8429,6830],{}," is not empty.",[51,8432,8434],{"id":8433},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8436,8437,8438,8440,8441,8443],{},"In many ",[15,8439,1406],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8442,3965],{}," yourself.",[20,8445,8446],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8448,8449],{},"Instead of this:",[56,8451,8453],{"className":58,"code":8452,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8454,8455,8476,8480,8494],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8456,8457,8460,8462,8464,8466,8468,8470,8472,8474],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8458,8459],{"class":71},"my_list ",[65,8461,76],{"class":75},[65,8463,3773],{"class":79},[65,8465,3135],{"class":96},[65,8467,100],{"class":79},[65,8469,113],{"class":96},[65,8471,100],{"class":79},[65,8473,127],{"class":96},[65,8475,3786],{"class":79},[65,8477,8478],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,8479,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,8481,8482,8484,8486,8488,8491],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,8483,1406],{"class":1405},[65,8485,8131],{"class":1368},[65,8487,168],{"class":79},[65,8489,8490],{"class":147},"my_list",[65,8492,8493],{"class":79},"):\n",[65,8495,8496,8498,8500,8502,8505,8507],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,8497,1431],{"class":164},[65,8499,168],{"class":79},[65,8501,84],{"class":83},[65,8503,8504],{"class":87},"List has items",[65,8506,84],{"class":83},[65,8508,174],{"class":79},[20,8510,8511],{},"You can simply write:",[56,8513,8515],{"className":58,"code":8514,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8516,8517,8537,8541,8550],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8518,8519,8521,8523,8525,8527,8529,8531,8533,8535],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8520,8459],{"class":71},[65,8522,76],{"class":75},[65,8524,3773],{"class":79},[65,8526,3135],{"class":96},[65,8528,100],{"class":79},[65,8530,113],{"class":96},[65,8532,100],{"class":79},[65,8534,127],{"class":96},[65,8536,3786],{"class":79},[65,8538,8539],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,8540,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,8542,8543,8545,8548],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,8544,1406],{"class":1405},[65,8546,8547],{"class":71}," my_list",[65,8549,1411],{"class":79},[65,8551,8552,8554,8556,8558,8560,8562],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,8553,1431],{"class":164},[65,8555,168],{"class":79},[65,8557,84],{"class":83},[65,8559,8504],{"class":87},[65,8561,84],{"class":83},[65,8563,174],{"class":79},[20,8565,8566],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8568,8569,8570,8572],{},"Using ",[15,8571,3965],{}," is still helpful when:",[30,8574,8575,8578,8585],{},[33,8576,8577],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[33,8579,8580,8581,3024,8583,821],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8582,3753],{},[15,8584,3827],{},[33,8586,8587],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8589,8590,8591,144],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[88,8592,8593],{"href":2444},"Python type() function explained",[51,8595,1766],{"id":1765},[20,8597,8598,8599,144],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8600,3965],{},[1059,8602,1792,8604,8606,8607],{"id":8603},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8605,8279],{}," to return ",[15,8608,3827],{},[20,8610,8611],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[56,8613,8614],{"className":58,"code":7867,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,8615,8616],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8617,8618,8620,8622,8624,8626,8628,8630,8632],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8619,165],{"class":164},[65,8621,168],{"class":79},[65,8623,4021],{"class":1368},[65,8625,168],{"class":79},[65,8627,84],{"class":83},[65,8629,3827],{"class":87},[65,8631,84],{"class":83},[65,8633,1870],{"class":79},[20,8635,191],{},[56,8637,8638],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,8639,8640],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8641,8642],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8643,4134],{"class":4005},[20,8645,8646,8647,6831],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8648,6830],{},[20,8650,8651],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[56,8653,8655],{"className":58,"code":8654,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8656,8657,8669],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8658,8659,8661,8663,8665,8667],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8660,1189],{"class":71},[65,8662,76],{"class":75},[65,8664,103],{"class":83},[65,8666,3827],{"class":87},[65,8668,1650],{"class":83},[65,8670,8671,8673,8675,8677,8679,8681,8683,8685],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,8672,165],{"class":164},[65,8674,168],{"class":79},[65,8676,1189],{"class":147},[65,8678,4845],{"class":75},[65,8680,103],{"class":83},[65,8682,3753],{"class":87},[65,8684,84],{"class":83},[65,8686,174],{"class":79},[20,8688,191],{},[56,8690,8691],{"className":58,"code":4195,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,8692,8693],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8694,8695],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8696,4195],{"class":4005},[1059,8698,8700],{"id":8699},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8702,8703,8705],{},[15,8704,3104],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[56,8707,8709],{"className":58,"code":8708,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8710,8711,8730],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8712,8713,8715,8717,8719,8721,8723,8726,8728],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8714,1189],{"class":71},[65,8716,76],{"class":75},[65,8718,8393],{"class":164},[65,8720,168],{"class":79},[65,8722,84],{"class":83},[65,8724,8725],{"class":87},"Enter yes or no: ",[65,8727,84],{"class":83},[65,8729,174],{"class":79},[65,8731,8732,8734,8736,8738,8740,8742],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,8733,165],{"class":164},[65,8735,168],{"class":79},[65,8737,4021],{"class":1368},[65,8739,168],{"class":79},[65,8741,1714],{"class":147},[65,8743,1870],{"class":79},[20,8745,8422,8746,8749,8750,8752,8753,8430],{},[15,8747,8748],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8751,3753],{}," because ",[15,8754,8755],{},"\"no\"",[20,8757,8758],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[56,8760,8762],{"className":58,"code":8761,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8763,8764,8794],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8765,8766,8768,8770,8772,8774,8776,8778,8780,8783,8786,8789,8792],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8767,1189],{"class":71},[65,8769,76],{"class":75},[65,8771,8393],{"class":164},[65,8773,168],{"class":79},[65,8775,84],{"class":83},[65,8777,8725],{"class":87},[65,8779,84],{"class":83},[65,8781,8782],{"class":79},").",[65,8784,8785],{"class":147},"strip",[65,8787,8788],{"class":79},"().",[65,8790,8791],{"class":147},"lower",[65,8793,151],{"class":79},[65,8795,8796,8798,8800,8802,8804,8806,8809,8811],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,8797,165],{"class":164},[65,8799,168],{"class":79},[65,8801,1189],{"class":147},[65,8803,4845],{"class":75},[65,8805,103],{"class":83},[65,8807,8808],{"class":87},"yes",[65,8810,84],{"class":83},[65,8812,174],{"class":79},[20,8814,8815,8816,8818,8819,144],{},"This gives ",[15,8817,3753],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8820,8808],{},[1059,8822,8824],{"id":8823},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8826,8827],{},"These are different:",[30,8829,8830,8834,8838,8842,8846],{},[33,8831,8832],{},[15,8833,3827],{},[33,8835,8836],{},[15,8837,2267],{},[33,8839,8840],{},[15,8841,6425],{},[33,8843,8844],{},[15,8845,3939],{},[33,8847,8848],{},[15,8849,3930],{},[20,8851,8852,8853,8855,8856,8858],{},"They all become ",[15,8854,3827],{}," with ",[15,8857,3965],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8860,8861],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[56,8863,8865],{"className":58,"code":8864,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8866,8867,8875,8889],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8868,8869,8871,8873],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8870,1189],{"class":71},[65,8872,76],{"class":75},[65,8874,7989],{"class":79},[65,8876,8877,8879,8881,8883,8885,8887],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,8878,165],{"class":164},[65,8880,168],{"class":79},[65,8882,3370],{"class":1368},[65,8884,168],{"class":79},[65,8886,1714],{"class":147},[65,8888,1870],{"class":79},[65,8890,8891,8893,8895,8897,8899,8901],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,8892,165],{"class":164},[65,8894,168],{"class":79},[65,8896,4021],{"class":1368},[65,8898,168],{"class":79},[65,8900,1714],{"class":147},[65,8902,1870],{"class":79},[20,8904,191],{},[56,8906,8908],{"className":58,"code":8907,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8909,8910,8924],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8911,8912,8914,8916,8918,8920,8922],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8913,3439],{"class":75},[65,8915,3442],{"class":1696},[65,8917,233],{"class":83},[65,8919,8244],{"class":87},[65,8921,203],{"class":83},[65,8923,3451],{"class":75},[65,8925,8926],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,8927,4195],{"class":4005},[1059,8929,8569,8931,8933],{"id":8930},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8932,3944],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8935,8936,8937,8939],{},"In Python, ",[15,8938,3944],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[56,8941,8943],{"className":58,"code":8942,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8944,8945],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8946,8947,8949,8951,8953],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8948,165],{"class":164},[65,8950,168],{"class":79},[65,8952,3370],{"class":1368},[65,8954,7607],{"class":79},[20,8956,191],{},[56,8958,8960],{"className":58,"code":8959,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8961,8962],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8963,8964,8966,8968,8970,8973,8975],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8965,3439],{"class":75},[65,8967,3442],{"class":1696},[65,8969,233],{"class":83},[65,8971,8972],{"class":87},"dict",[65,8974,203],{"class":83},[65,8976,3451],{"class":75},[20,8978,8979],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[56,8981,8983],{"className":58,"code":8982,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8984,8985],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,8986,8987,8989,8991,8993,8995,8997],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,8988,165],{"class":164},[65,8990,168],{"class":79},[65,8992,3370],{"class":1368},[65,8994,168],{"class":79},[65,8996,6440],{"class":1368},[65,8998,6443],{"class":79},[20,9000,191],{},[56,9002,9004],{"className":58,"code":9003,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9005,9006],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9007,9008,9010,9012,9014,9016,9018],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9009,3439],{"class":75},[65,9011,3442],{"class":1696},[65,9013,233],{"class":83},[65,9015,6440],{"class":87},[65,9017,203],{"class":83},[65,9019,3451],{"class":75},[51,9021,9023],{"id":9022},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9025,9026,9027,9029],{},"If ",[15,9028,3965],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[56,9031,9033],{"className":58,"code":9032,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9034,9035,9049,9063,9073,9091],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9036,9037,9039,9041,9043,9045,9047],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9038,165],{"class":164},[65,9040,168],{"class":79},[65,9042,4021],{"class":1368},[65,9044,168],{"class":79},[65,9046,1714],{"class":147},[65,9048,1870],{"class":79},[65,9050,9051,9053,9055,9057,9059,9061],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,9052,165],{"class":164},[65,9054,168],{"class":79},[65,9056,3370],{"class":1368},[65,9058,168],{"class":79},[65,9060,1714],{"class":147},[65,9062,1870],{"class":79},[65,9064,9065,9067,9069,9071],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,9066,165],{"class":164},[65,9068,168],{"class":79},[65,9070,1714],{"class":147},[65,9072,174],{"class":79},[65,9074,9075,9077,9079,9081,9083,9085,9087,9089],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,9076,165],{"class":164},[65,9078,168],{"class":79},[65,9080,1189],{"class":147},[65,9082,4845],{"class":75},[65,9084,103],{"class":83},[65,9086,3753],{"class":87},[65,9088,84],{"class":83},[65,9090,174],{"class":79},[65,9092,9093,9095,9097,9099,9101,9103,9105,9107],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,9094,165],{"class":164},[65,9096,168],{"class":79},[65,9098,1714],{"class":147},[65,9100,144],{"class":79},[65,9102,8785],{"class":147},[65,9104,8788],{"class":79},[65,9106,8791],{"class":147},[65,9108,980],{"class":79},[20,9110,9111],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[30,9113,9114,9117,9120,9123],{},[33,9115,9116],{},"what the value really is",[33,9118,9119],{},"whether it is a string",[33,9121,9122],{},"whether it contains spaces",[33,9124,9125],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9127,9128,9129,144],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[88,9130,9132],{"href":9131},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[51,9134,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,9136,9138],{"id":9137},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9140,9141,9142,3024,9144,144],{},"It returns either ",[15,9143,3753],{},[15,9145,3827],{},[1059,9147,9149],{"id":9148},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9151,5298,9152,144],{},[15,9153,3827],{},[1059,9155,9157],{"id":9156},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9159,9160,9161,144],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9162,3753],{},[1059,9164,9166],{"id":9165},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9168,9169,9170,144],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9171,3827],{},[1059,9173,9175],{"id":9174},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9177,9178,9179,3024,9181,3889],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9180,3753],{},[15,9182,3827],{},[51,9184,2015],{"id":2014},[30,9186,9187,9192,9196,9201,9205,9210],{},[33,9188,9189],{},[88,9190,9191],{"href":5929},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[33,9193,9194],{},[88,9195,8260],{"href":8259},[33,9197,9198],{},[88,9199,9200],{"href":8370},"Python input() function explained",[33,9202,9203],{},[88,9204,8593],{"href":2444},[33,9206,9207],{},[88,9208,9209],{"href":9131},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[33,9211,9212],{},[88,9213,9214],{"href":7359},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2071,9216,9217],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":9219},[9220,9221,9222,9223,9224,9225,9231,9237,9238,9246,9247,9254],{"id":3757,"depth":133,"text":3758},{"id":7297,"depth":133,"text":7298},{"id":7363,"depth":133,"text":7364},{"id":7482,"depth":133,"text":7483},{"id":7677,"depth":133,"text":7678},{"id":7908,"depth":133,"text":7909,"children":9226},[9227,9228,9229,9230],{"id":7918,"depth":154,"text":7919},{"id":8016,"depth":154,"text":8017},{"id":8101,"depth":154,"text":8102},{"id":8174,"depth":154,"text":8175},{"id":8263,"depth":133,"text":8264,"children":9232},[9233,9235],{"id":8276,"depth":154,"text":9234},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8316,"depth":154,"text":9236},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8433,"depth":133,"text":8434},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":9239},[9240,9242,9243,9244],{"id":8603,"depth":154,"text":9241},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8699,"depth":154,"text":8700},{"id":8823,"depth":154,"text":8824},{"id":8930,"depth":154,"text":9245},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9022,"depth":133,"text":9023},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":9248},[9249,9250,9251,9252,9253],{"id":9137,"depth":154,"text":9138},{"id":9148,"depth":154,"text":9149},{"id":9156,"depth":154,"text":9157},{"id":9165,"depth":154,"text":9166},{"id":9174,"depth":154,"text":9175},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7125,"description":9255},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9262,"title":9263,"body":9264,"description":11449,"extension":2111,"meta":11450,"navigation":157,"path":11451,"seo":11452,"stem":11453,"__hash__":11454},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9265,"toc":11411},[9266,9272,9278,9285,9290,9301,9308,9414,9418,9483,9488,9493,9498,9501,9512,9517,9520,9531,9538,9540,9545,9549,9574,9578,9587,9591,9654,9658,9691,9695,9740,9744,9781,9785,9788,9844,9848,9893,9896,9901,9940,9944,9967,9970,9983,9996,10000,10005,10072,10076,10112,10115,10123,10126,10190,10194,10226,10232,10234,10294,10301,10304,10382,10386,10419,10423,10426,10470,10474,10510,10513,10530,10533,10536,10589,10592,10603,10610,10619,10622,10679,10683,10724,10732,10740,10746,10754,10766,10771,10782,10855,10858,10870,10886,10890,10895,10899,10901,10944,10950,10953,11016,11020,11023,11032,11037,11074,11078,11081,11089,11092,11131,11135,11138,11189,11193,11214,11221,11223,11229,11256,11259,11313,11316,11327,11329,11336,11344,11350,11355,11362,11365,11372,11379,11381,11408],[10,9267,3724,9269,3728],{"id":9268},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9270,9271],{},"dict()",[20,9273,9274,9275,9277],{},"The built-in ",[15,9276,9271],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9279,9280,9281,9284],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[46,9282,9283],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9286,9287,9289],{},[15,9288,9271],{}," is commonly used to:",[30,9291,9292,9295,9298],{},[33,9293,9294],{},"create an empty dictionary",[33,9296,9297],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,9299,9300],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9302,9303,9304,144],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[88,9305,9307],{"href":9306},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[56,9309,9311],{"className":58,"code":9310,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9312,9313,9347,9357,9361,9399],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9314,9315,9317,9319,9322,9324,9327,9329,9331,9333,9335,9337,9340,9342,9345],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9316,72],{"class":71},[65,9318,76],{"class":75},[65,9320,9321],{"class":1368}," dict",[65,9323,168],{"class":79},[65,9325,369],{"class":9326},"s99_P",[65,9328,76],{"class":75},[65,9330,203],{"class":83},[65,9332,378],{"class":87},[65,9334,203],{"class":83},[65,9336,100],{"class":79},[65,9338,9339],{"class":9326}," age",[65,9341,76],{"class":75},[65,9343,9344],{"class":96},"25",[65,9346,174],{"class":79},[65,9348,9349,9351,9353,9355],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,9350,165],{"class":164},[65,9352,168],{"class":79},[65,9354,184],{"class":147},[65,9356,174],{"class":79},[65,9358,9359],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,9360,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,9362,9363,9366,9368,9371,9373,9375,9377,9379,9381,9384,9386,9388,9390,9392,9394,9396],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,9364,9365],{"class":71},"pairs ",[65,9367,76],{"class":75},[65,9369,9370],{"class":79}," [(",[65,9372,203],{"class":83},[65,9374,88],{"class":87},[65,9376,203],{"class":83},[65,9378,100],{"class":79},[65,9380,97],{"class":96},[65,9382,9383],{"class":79},"),",[65,9385,648],{"class":79},[65,9387,203],{"class":83},[65,9389,106],{"class":87},[65,9391,203],{"class":83},[65,9393,100],{"class":79},[65,9395,113],{"class":96},[65,9397,9398],{"class":79},")]\n",[65,9400,9401,9403,9405,9407,9409,9412],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,9402,165],{"class":164},[65,9404,168],{"class":79},[65,9406,8972],{"class":1368},[65,9408,168],{"class":79},[65,9410,9411],{"class":147},"pairs",[65,9413,1870],{"class":79},[20,9415,9416],{},[46,9417,191],{},[56,9419,9421],{"className":58,"code":9420,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9422,9423,9455],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9424,9425,9427,9429,9431,9433,9435,9437,9439,9441,9443,9445,9447,9449,9451,9453],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9426,218],{"class":79},[65,9428,203],{"class":83},[65,9430,369],{"class":87},[65,9432,203],{"class":83},[65,9434,93],{"class":79},[65,9436,233],{"class":83},[65,9438,378],{"class":87},[65,9440,203],{"class":83},[65,9442,100],{"class":79},[65,9444,233],{"class":83},[65,9446,387],{"class":87},[65,9448,203],{"class":83},[65,9450,93],{"class":79},[65,9452,394],{"class":96},[65,9454,130],{"class":79},[65,9456,9457,9459,9461,9463,9465,9467,9469,9471,9473,9475,9477,9479,9481],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,9458,218],{"class":79},[65,9460,203],{"class":83},[65,9462,88],{"class":87},[65,9464,203],{"class":83},[65,9466,93],{"class":79},[65,9468,97],{"class":96},[65,9470,100],{"class":79},[65,9472,233],{"class":83},[65,9474,106],{"class":87},[65,9476,203],{"class":83},[65,9478,93],{"class":79},[65,9480,113],{"class":96},[65,9482,130],{"class":79},[20,9484,1309,9485,9487],{},[15,9486,9271],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[51,9489,252,9491,255],{"id":9490},"what-dict-does",[15,9492,9271],{},[20,9494,9495,9497],{},[15,9496,9271],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9499,9500],{},"A dictionary:",[30,9502,9503,9506,9509],{},[33,9504,9505],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[33,9507,9508],{},"lets you look up values by key",[33,9510,9511],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9513,9514,9516],{},[15,9515,9271],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9518,9519],{},"Common uses include:",[30,9521,9522,9525,9528],{},[33,9523,9524],{},"making an empty dictionary",[33,9526,9527],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[33,9529,9530],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9532,9533,9534,144],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[88,9535,9537],{"href":9536},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[51,9539,283],{"id":282},[20,9541,9542,9544],{},[15,9543,9271],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1059,9546,9548],{"id":9547},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[56,9550,9552],{"className":58,"code":9551,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9553,9554,9564],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9555,9556,9558,9560,9562],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9557,72],{"class":71},[65,9559,76],{"class":75},[65,9561,9321],{"class":1368},[65,9563,151],{"class":79},[65,9565,9566,9568,9570,9572],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,9567,165],{"class":164},[65,9569,168],{"class":79},[65,9571,184],{"class":147},[65,9573,174],{"class":79},[20,9575,9576],{},[46,9577,191],{},[56,9579,9581],{"className":58,"code":9580,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{}\n",[15,9582,9583],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9584,9585],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9586,9580],{"class":79},[1059,9588,9590],{"id":9589},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[56,9592,9594],{"className":58,"code":9593,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9595,9596,9630,9644],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9597,9598,9600,9602,9604,9606,9608,9610,9612,9614,9616,9618,9620,9622,9624,9626,9628],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9599,9365],{"class":71},[65,9601,76],{"class":75},[65,9603,9370],{"class":79},[65,9605,203],{"class":83},[65,9607,88],{"class":87},[65,9609,203],{"class":83},[65,9611,100],{"class":79},[65,9613,97],{"class":96},[65,9615,9383],{"class":79},[65,9617,648],{"class":79},[65,9619,203],{"class":83},[65,9621,106],{"class":87},[65,9623,203],{"class":83},[65,9625,100],{"class":79},[65,9627,113],{"class":96},[65,9629,9398],{"class":79},[65,9631,9632,9634,9636,9638,9640,9642],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,9633,72],{"class":71},[65,9635,76],{"class":75},[65,9637,9321],{"class":1368},[65,9639,168],{"class":79},[65,9641,9411],{"class":147},[65,9643,174],{"class":79},[65,9645,9646,9648,9650,9652],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,9647,165],{"class":164},[65,9649,168],{"class":79},[65,9651,184],{"class":147},[65,9653,174],{"class":79},[20,9655,9656],{},[46,9657,191],{},[56,9659,9661],{"className":58,"code":9660,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9662,9663],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9664,9665,9667,9669,9671,9673,9675,9677,9679,9681,9683,9685,9687,9689],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9666,218],{"class":79},[65,9668,203],{"class":83},[65,9670,88],{"class":87},[65,9672,203],{"class":83},[65,9674,93],{"class":79},[65,9676,97],{"class":96},[65,9678,100],{"class":79},[65,9680,233],{"class":83},[65,9682,106],{"class":87},[65,9684,203],{"class":83},[65,9686,93],{"class":79},[65,9688,113],{"class":96},[65,9690,130],{"class":79},[1059,9692,9694],{"id":9693},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[56,9696,9698],{"className":58,"code":9697,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9699,9700,9730],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9701,9702,9704,9706,9708,9710,9712,9714,9716,9718,9720,9722,9724,9726,9728],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9703,72],{"class":71},[65,9705,76],{"class":75},[65,9707,9321],{"class":1368},[65,9709,168],{"class":79},[65,9711,369],{"class":9326},[65,9713,76],{"class":75},[65,9715,203],{"class":83},[65,9717,378],{"class":87},[65,9719,203],{"class":83},[65,9721,100],{"class":79},[65,9723,9339],{"class":9326},[65,9725,76],{"class":75},[65,9727,9344],{"class":96},[65,9729,174],{"class":79},[65,9731,9732,9734,9736,9738],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,9733,165],{"class":164},[65,9735,168],{"class":79},[65,9737,184],{"class":147},[65,9739,174],{"class":79},[20,9741,9742],{},[46,9743,191],{},[56,9745,9747],{"className":58,"code":9746,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9748,9749],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9750,9751,9753,9755,9757,9759,9761,9763,9765,9767,9769,9771,9773,9775,9777,9779],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9752,218],{"class":79},[65,9754,203],{"class":83},[65,9756,369],{"class":87},[65,9758,203],{"class":83},[65,9760,93],{"class":79},[65,9762,233],{"class":83},[65,9764,378],{"class":87},[65,9766,203],{"class":83},[65,9768,100],{"class":79},[65,9770,233],{"class":83},[65,9772,387],{"class":87},[65,9774,203],{"class":83},[65,9776,93],{"class":79},[65,9778,394],{"class":96},[65,9780,130],{"class":79},[1059,9782,9784],{"id":9783},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9786,9787],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[56,9789,9791],{"className":58,"code":9790,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9792,9793,9834],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9794,9795,9797,9799,9801,9804,9806,9808,9810,9812,9814,9817,9819,9821,9823,9825,9828,9830,9832],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9796,72],{"class":71},[65,9798,76],{"class":75},[65,9800,9321],{"class":1368},[65,9802,9803],{"class":79},"([(",[65,9805,203],{"class":83},[65,9807,88],{"class":87},[65,9809,203],{"class":83},[65,9811,100],{"class":79},[65,9813,97],{"class":96},[65,9815,9816],{"class":79},")],",[65,9818,2705],{"class":9326},[65,9820,76],{"class":75},[65,9822,2204],{"class":96},[65,9824,100],{"class":79},[65,9826,9827],{"class":9326}," c",[65,9829,76],{"class":75},[65,9831,2210],{"class":96},[65,9833,174],{"class":79},[65,9835,9836,9838,9840,9842],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,9837,165],{"class":164},[65,9839,168],{"class":79},[65,9841,184],{"class":147},[65,9843,174],{"class":79},[20,9845,9846],{},[46,9847,191],{},[56,9849,9851],{"className":58,"code":9850,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9852,9853],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9854,9855,9857,9859,9861,9863,9865,9867,9869,9871,9873,9875,9877,9879,9881,9883,9885,9887,9889,9891],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9856,218],{"class":79},[65,9858,203],{"class":83},[65,9860,88],{"class":87},[65,9862,203],{"class":83},[65,9864,93],{"class":79},[65,9866,97],{"class":96},[65,9868,100],{"class":79},[65,9870,233],{"class":83},[65,9872,106],{"class":87},[65,9874,203],{"class":83},[65,9876,93],{"class":79},[65,9878,113],{"class":96},[65,9880,100],{"class":79},[65,9882,233],{"class":83},[65,9884,120],{"class":87},[65,9886,203],{"class":83},[65,9888,93],{"class":79},[65,9890,127],{"class":96},[65,9892,130],{"class":79},[51,9894,9548],{"id":9895},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9897,1309,9898,9900],{},[15,9899,9271],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[56,9902,9904],{"className":58,"code":9903,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9905,9906,9916,9930],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9907,9908,9910,9912,9914],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9909,72],{"class":71},[65,9911,76],{"class":75},[65,9913,9321],{"class":1368},[65,9915,151],{"class":79},[65,9917,9918,9920,9922,9924,9926,9928],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,9919,165],{"class":164},[65,9921,168],{"class":79},[65,9923,3370],{"class":1368},[65,9925,168],{"class":79},[65,9927,184],{"class":147},[65,9929,1870],{"class":79},[65,9931,9932,9934,9936,9938],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,9933,165],{"class":164},[65,9935,168],{"class":79},[65,9937,184],{"class":147},[65,9939,174],{"class":79},[20,9941,9942],{},[46,9943,191],{},[56,9945,9947],{"className":58,"code":9946,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9948,9949,9963],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9950,9951,9953,9955,9957,9959,9961],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9952,3439],{"class":75},[65,9954,3442],{"class":1696},[65,9956,233],{"class":83},[65,9958,8972],{"class":87},[65,9960,203],{"class":83},[65,9962,3451],{"class":75},[65,9964,9965],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,9966,9580],{"class":79},[20,9968,9969],{},"This gives the same result as:",[56,9971,9973],{"className":58,"code":9972,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {}\n",[15,9974,9975],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,9976,9977,9979,9981],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,9978,72],{"class":71},[65,9980,76],{"class":75},[65,9982,1343],{"class":79},[20,9984,9985,9986,9988,9989,9992,9993,9995],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9987,3944],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9990,9991],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9994,9271],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[51,9997,9999],{"id":9998},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,10001,10002,10003,144],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10004,9271],{},[56,10006,10008],{"className":58,"code":10007,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10009,10010,10048,10062],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10011,10012,10014,10016,10018,10020,10022,10024,10026,10028,10030,10032,10034,10036,10038,10040,10042,10044,10046],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10013,9365],{"class":71},[65,10015,76],{"class":75},[65,10017,9370],{"class":79},[65,10019,203],{"class":83},[65,10021,369],{"class":87},[65,10023,203],{"class":83},[65,10025,100],{"class":79},[65,10027,233],{"class":83},[65,10029,378],{"class":87},[65,10031,203],{"class":83},[65,10033,9383],{"class":79},[65,10035,648],{"class":79},[65,10037,203],{"class":83},[65,10039,387],{"class":87},[65,10041,203],{"class":83},[65,10043,100],{"class":79},[65,10045,394],{"class":96},[65,10047,9398],{"class":79},[65,10049,10050,10052,10054,10056,10058,10060],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,10051,72],{"class":71},[65,10053,76],{"class":75},[65,10055,9321],{"class":1368},[65,10057,168],{"class":79},[65,10059,9411],{"class":147},[65,10061,174],{"class":79},[65,10063,10064,10066,10068,10070],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,10065,165],{"class":164},[65,10067,168],{"class":79},[65,10069,184],{"class":147},[65,10071,174],{"class":79},[20,10073,10074],{},[46,10075,191],{},[56,10077,10078],{"className":58,"code":9746,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,10079,10080],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10081,10082,10084,10086,10088,10090,10092,10094,10096,10098,10100,10102,10104,10106,10108,10110],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10083,218],{"class":79},[65,10085,203],{"class":83},[65,10087,369],{"class":87},[65,10089,203],{"class":83},[65,10091,93],{"class":79},[65,10093,233],{"class":83},[65,10095,378],{"class":87},[65,10097,203],{"class":83},[65,10099,100],{"class":79},[65,10101,233],{"class":83},[65,10103,387],{"class":87},[65,10105,203],{"class":83},[65,10107,93],{"class":79},[65,10109,394],{"class":96},[65,10111,130],{"class":79},[20,10113,10114],{},"Each pair becomes:",[30,10116,10117,10120],{},[33,10118,10119],{},"the first item as the key",[33,10121,10122],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10124,10125],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[56,10127,10129],{"className":58,"code":10128,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10130,10131,10166,10180],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10132,10133,10135,10137,10140,10142,10144,10146,10148,10150,10152,10154,10156,10158,10160,10162,10164],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10134,9365],{"class":71},[65,10136,76],{"class":75},[65,10138,10139],{"class":79}," ((",[65,10141,203],{"class":83},[65,10143,88],{"class":87},[65,10145,203],{"class":83},[65,10147,100],{"class":79},[65,10149,97],{"class":96},[65,10151,9383],{"class":79},[65,10153,648],{"class":79},[65,10155,203],{"class":83},[65,10157,106],{"class":87},[65,10159,203],{"class":83},[65,10161,100],{"class":79},[65,10163,113],{"class":96},[65,10165,1870],{"class":79},[65,10167,10168,10170,10172,10174,10176,10178],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,10169,72],{"class":71},[65,10171,76],{"class":75},[65,10173,9321],{"class":1368},[65,10175,168],{"class":79},[65,10177,9411],{"class":147},[65,10179,174],{"class":79},[65,10181,10182,10184,10186,10188],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,10183,165],{"class":164},[65,10185,168],{"class":79},[65,10187,184],{"class":147},[65,10189,174],{"class":79},[20,10191,10192],{},[46,10193,191],{},[56,10195,10196],{"className":58,"code":9660,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,10197,10198],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10199,10200,10202,10204,10206,10208,10210,10212,10214,10216,10218,10220,10222,10224],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10201,218],{"class":79},[65,10203,203],{"class":83},[65,10205,88],{"class":87},[65,10207,203],{"class":83},[65,10209,93],{"class":79},[65,10211,97],{"class":96},[65,10213,100],{"class":79},[65,10215,233],{"class":83},[65,10217,106],{"class":87},[65,10219,203],{"class":83},[65,10221,93],{"class":79},[65,10223,113],{"class":96},[65,10225,130],{"class":79},[20,10227,10228,10229,144],{},"Each item must contain ",[46,10230,10231],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10233,2982],{},[56,10235,10237],{"className":58,"code":10236,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10238,10239,10279],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10240,10241,10244,10246,10248,10250,10252,10254,10256,10258,10260,10263,10265,10267,10269,10271,10273,10275,10277],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10242,10243],{"class":71},"bad_data ",[65,10245,76],{"class":75},[65,10247,9370],{"class":79},[65,10249,203],{"class":83},[65,10251,88],{"class":87},[65,10253,203],{"class":83},[65,10255,100],{"class":79},[65,10257,97],{"class":96},[65,10259,100],{"class":79},[65,10261,10262],{"class":96}," 100",[65,10264,9383],{"class":79},[65,10266,648],{"class":79},[65,10268,203],{"class":83},[65,10270,106],{"class":87},[65,10272,203],{"class":83},[65,10274,100],{"class":79},[65,10276,113],{"class":96},[65,10278,9398],{"class":79},[65,10280,10281,10283,10285,10287,10289,10292],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,10282,401],{"class":71},[65,10284,76],{"class":75},[65,10286,9321],{"class":1368},[65,10288,168],{"class":79},[65,10290,10291],{"class":147},"bad_data",[65,10293,174],{"class":79},[20,10295,10296,10297,10300],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10298,10299],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10302,10303],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[56,10305,10307],{"className":58,"code":10306,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10308,10309,10358,10372],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10310,10311,10313,10315,10317,10319,10321,10323,10325,10327,10329,10331,10333,10335,10337,10339,10342,10344,10346,10348,10350,10352,10354,10356],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10312,9365],{"class":71},[65,10314,76],{"class":75},[65,10316,9370],{"class":79},[65,10318,203],{"class":83},[65,10320,88],{"class":87},[65,10322,203],{"class":83},[65,10324,100],{"class":79},[65,10326,97],{"class":96},[65,10328,9383],{"class":79},[65,10330,648],{"class":79},[65,10332,203],{"class":83},[65,10334,88],{"class":87},[65,10336,203],{"class":83},[65,10338,100],{"class":79},[65,10340,10341],{"class":96}," 99",[65,10343,9383],{"class":79},[65,10345,648],{"class":79},[65,10347,203],{"class":83},[65,10349,106],{"class":87},[65,10351,203],{"class":83},[65,10353,100],{"class":79},[65,10355,113],{"class":96},[65,10357,9398],{"class":79},[65,10359,10360,10362,10364,10366,10368,10370],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,10361,72],{"class":71},[65,10363,76],{"class":75},[65,10365,9321],{"class":1368},[65,10367,168],{"class":79},[65,10369,9411],{"class":147},[65,10371,174],{"class":79},[65,10373,10374,10376,10378,10380],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,10375,165],{"class":164},[65,10377,168],{"class":79},[65,10379,184],{"class":147},[65,10381,174],{"class":79},[20,10383,10384],{},[46,10385,191],{},[56,10387,10389],{"className":58,"code":10388,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10390,10391],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10392,10393,10395,10397,10399,10401,10403,10405,10407,10409,10411,10413,10415,10417],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10394,218],{"class":79},[65,10396,203],{"class":83},[65,10398,88],{"class":87},[65,10400,203],{"class":83},[65,10402,93],{"class":79},[65,10404,10341],{"class":96},[65,10406,100],{"class":79},[65,10408,233],{"class":83},[65,10410,106],{"class":87},[65,10412,203],{"class":83},[65,10414,93],{"class":79},[65,10416,113],{"class":96},[65,10418,130],{"class":79},[51,10420,10422],{"id":10421},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10424,10425],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[56,10427,10428],{"className":58,"code":9697,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,10429,10430,10460],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10431,10432,10434,10436,10438,10440,10442,10444,10446,10448,10450,10452,10454,10456,10458],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10433,72],{"class":71},[65,10435,76],{"class":75},[65,10437,9321],{"class":1368},[65,10439,168],{"class":79},[65,10441,369],{"class":9326},[65,10443,76],{"class":75},[65,10445,203],{"class":83},[65,10447,378],{"class":87},[65,10449,203],{"class":83},[65,10451,100],{"class":79},[65,10453,9339],{"class":9326},[65,10455,76],{"class":75},[65,10457,9344],{"class":96},[65,10459,174],{"class":79},[65,10461,10462,10464,10466,10468],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,10463,165],{"class":164},[65,10465,168],{"class":79},[65,10467,184],{"class":147},[65,10469,174],{"class":79},[20,10471,10472],{},[46,10473,191],{},[56,10475,10476],{"className":58,"code":9746,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,10477,10478],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10479,10480,10482,10484,10486,10488,10490,10492,10494,10496,10498,10500,10502,10504,10506,10508],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10481,218],{"class":79},[65,10483,203],{"class":83},[65,10485,369],{"class":87},[65,10487,203],{"class":83},[65,10489,93],{"class":79},[65,10491,233],{"class":83},[65,10493,378],{"class":87},[65,10495,203],{"class":83},[65,10497,100],{"class":79},[65,10499,233],{"class":83},[65,10501,387],{"class":87},[65,10503,203],{"class":83},[65,10505,93],{"class":79},[65,10507,394],{"class":96},[65,10509,130],{"class":79},[20,10511,10512],{},"In this form:",[30,10514,10515,10523],{},[33,10516,10517,10519,10520],{},[15,10518,369],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10521,10522],{},"'name'",[33,10524,10525,10519,10527],{},[15,10526,387],{},[15,10528,10529],{},"'age'",[20,10531,10532],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10534,10535],{},"Valid examples:",[56,10537,10539],{"className":58,"code":10538,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10540,10541,10579],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10542,10543,10545,10547,10549,10551,10554,10556,10558,10561,10563,10565,10568,10570,10572,10575,10577],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10544,72],{"class":71},[65,10546,76],{"class":75},[65,10548,9321],{"class":1368},[65,10550,168],{"class":79},[65,10552,10553],{"class":9326},"city",[65,10555,76],{"class":75},[65,10557,203],{"class":83},[65,10559,10560],{"class":87},"Paris",[65,10562,203],{"class":83},[65,10564,100],{"class":79},[65,10566,10567],{"class":9326}," country",[65,10569,76],{"class":75},[65,10571,203],{"class":83},[65,10573,10574],{"class":87},"France",[65,10576,203],{"class":83},[65,10578,174],{"class":79},[65,10580,10581,10583,10585,10587],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,10582,165],{"class":164},[65,10584,168],{"class":79},[65,10586,184],{"class":147},[65,10588,174],{"class":79},[20,10590,10591],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[30,10593,10594,10597,10600],{},[33,10595,10596],{},"spaces",[33,10598,10599],{},"hyphens",[33,10601,10602],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10604,10605,10606,10609],{},"For example, this is ",[46,10607,10608],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[56,10611,10613],{"className":58,"code":10612,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10614,10615],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10616,10617],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10618,10612],{"class":3816},[20,10620,10621],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[56,10623,10625],{"className":58,"code":10624,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10626,10627,10669],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10628,10629,10631,10633,10635,10637,10640,10642,10644,10646,10648,10650,10652,10654,10657,10659,10661,10663,10665,10667],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10630,72],{"class":71},[65,10632,76],{"class":75},[65,10634,80],{"class":79},[65,10636,203],{"class":83},[65,10638,10639],{"class":87},"first-name",[65,10641,203],{"class":83},[65,10643,93],{"class":79},[65,10645,233],{"class":83},[65,10647,7826],{"class":87},[65,10649,203],{"class":83},[65,10651,100],{"class":79},[65,10653,233],{"class":83},[65,10655,10656],{"class":87},"first name",[65,10658,203],{"class":83},[65,10660,93],{"class":79},[65,10662,233],{"class":83},[65,10664,7826],{"class":87},[65,10666,203],{"class":83},[65,10668,130],{"class":79},[65,10670,10671,10673,10675,10677],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,10672,165],{"class":164},[65,10674,168],{"class":79},[65,10676,184],{"class":147},[65,10678,174],{"class":79},[20,10680,10681],{},[46,10682,191],{},[56,10684,10686],{"className":58,"code":10685,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10687,10688],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10689,10690,10692,10694,10696,10698,10700,10702,10704,10706,10708,10710,10712,10714,10716,10718,10720,10722],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10691,218],{"class":79},[65,10693,203],{"class":83},[65,10695,10639],{"class":87},[65,10697,203],{"class":83},[65,10699,93],{"class":79},[65,10701,233],{"class":83},[65,10703,7826],{"class":87},[65,10705,203],{"class":83},[65,10707,100],{"class":79},[65,10709,233],{"class":83},[65,10711,10656],{"class":87},[65,10713,203],{"class":83},[65,10715,93],{"class":79},[65,10717,233],{"class":83},[65,10719,7826],{"class":87},[65,10721,203],{"class":83},[65,10723,130],{"class":79},[51,10725,10727,10729,10730],{"id":10726},"dict-vs",[15,10728,9271],{}," vs ",[15,10731,3944],{},[20,10733,10734,10735,1048,10737,10739],{},"Both ",[15,10736,9271],{},[15,10738,3944],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1059,10741,1309,10743,10745],{"id":10742},"use-when",[15,10744,3944],{}," when:",[30,10747,10748,10751],{},[33,10749,10750],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[33,10752,10753],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[56,10755,10756],{"className":58,"code":9972,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,10757,10758],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10759,10760,10762,10764],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10761,72],{"class":71},[65,10763,76],{"class":75},[65,10765,1343],{"class":79},[1059,10767,1309,10769,10745],{"id":10768},"use-dict-when",[15,10770,9271],{},[30,10772,10773,10776,10779],{},[33,10774,10775],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,10777,10778],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[33,10780,10781],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[56,10783,10785],{"className":58,"code":10784,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10786,10787,10824],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10788,10789,10791,10793,10795,10797,10799,10801,10803,10805,10807,10809,10811,10813,10815,10817,10819,10821],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10790,72],{"class":71},[65,10792,76],{"class":75},[65,10794,9321],{"class":1368},[65,10796,9803],{"class":79},[65,10798,203],{"class":83},[65,10800,88],{"class":87},[65,10802,203],{"class":83},[65,10804,100],{"class":79},[65,10806,97],{"class":96},[65,10808,9383],{"class":79},[65,10810,648],{"class":79},[65,10812,203],{"class":83},[65,10814,106],{"class":87},[65,10816,203],{"class":83},[65,10818,100],{"class":79},[65,10820,113],{"class":96},[65,10822,10823],{"class":79},")])\n",[65,10825,10826,10829,10831,10833,10835,10837,10839,10841,10843,10845,10847,10849,10851,10853],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,10827,10828],{"class":71},"info ",[65,10830,76],{"class":75},[65,10832,9321],{"class":1368},[65,10834,168],{"class":79},[65,10836,369],{"class":9326},[65,10838,76],{"class":75},[65,10840,203],{"class":83},[65,10842,378],{"class":87},[65,10844,203],{"class":83},[65,10846,100],{"class":79},[65,10848,9339],{"class":9326},[65,10850,76],{"class":75},[65,10852,9344],{"class":96},[65,10854,174],{"class":79},[20,10856,10857],{},"So:",[30,10859,10860,10865],{},[33,10861,10862,10864],{},[15,10863,3944],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[33,10866,10867,10869],{},[15,10868,9271],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10871,10872,10873,10877,10878,144],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[88,10874,10876],{"href":10875},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[88,10879,10881,10882,10885],{"href":10880},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10883,10884],{},"get()"," method",[51,10887,10889],{"id":10888},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10891,10892,10893,144],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10894,9271],{},[1059,10896,10898],{"id":10897},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10900,4682],{},[56,10902,10904],{"className":58,"code":10903,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10905,10906,10930],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10907,10908,10910,10912,10914,10916,10918,10920,10922,10924,10926,10928],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10909,7929],{"class":71},[65,10911,76],{"class":75},[65,10913,3773],{"class":79},[65,10915,203],{"class":83},[65,10917,88],{"class":87},[65,10919,203],{"class":83},[65,10921,100],{"class":79},[65,10923,233],{"class":83},[65,10925,106],{"class":87},[65,10927,203],{"class":83},[65,10929,3786],{"class":79},[65,10931,10932,10934,10936,10938,10940,10942],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,10933,72],{"class":71},[65,10935,76],{"class":75},[65,10937,9321],{"class":1368},[65,10939,168],{"class":79},[65,10941,7960],{"class":147},[65,10943,174],{"class":79},[20,10945,10946,10947,144],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10948,10949],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10951,10952],{},"Correct version:",[56,10954,10956],{"className":58,"code":10955,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10957,10958,10992,11006],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,10959,10960,10962,10964,10966,10968,10970,10972,10974,10976,10978,10980,10982,10984,10986,10988,10990],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,10961,7929],{"class":71},[65,10963,76],{"class":75},[65,10965,9370],{"class":79},[65,10967,203],{"class":83},[65,10969,88],{"class":87},[65,10971,203],{"class":83},[65,10973,100],{"class":79},[65,10975,97],{"class":96},[65,10977,9383],{"class":79},[65,10979,648],{"class":79},[65,10981,203],{"class":83},[65,10983,106],{"class":87},[65,10985,203],{"class":83},[65,10987,100],{"class":79},[65,10989,113],{"class":96},[65,10991,9398],{"class":79},[65,10993,10994,10996,10998,11000,11002,11004],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,10995,72],{"class":71},[65,10997,76],{"class":75},[65,10999,9321],{"class":1368},[65,11001,168],{"class":79},[65,11003,7960],{"class":147},[65,11005,174],{"class":79},[65,11007,11008,11010,11012,11014],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,11009,165],{"class":164},[65,11011,168],{"class":79},[65,11013,184],{"class":147},[65,11015,174],{"class":79},[1059,11017,11019],{"id":11018},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11021,11022],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[56,11024,11026],{"className":58,"code":11025,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11027,11028],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11029,11030],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11031,11025],{"class":3816},[20,11033,11034,11035,93],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11036,76],{},[56,11038,11040],{"className":58,"code":11039,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11041,11042,11064],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11043,11044,11046,11048,11050,11052,11054,11056,11058,11060,11062],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11045,72],{"class":71},[65,11047,76],{"class":75},[65,11049,9321],{"class":1368},[65,11051,168],{"class":79},[65,11053,369],{"class":9326},[65,11055,76],{"class":75},[65,11057,203],{"class":83},[65,11059,378],{"class":87},[65,11061,203],{"class":83},[65,11063,174],{"class":79},[65,11065,11066,11068,11070,11072],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,11067,165],{"class":164},[65,11069,168],{"class":79},[65,11071,184],{"class":147},[65,11073,174],{"class":79},[1059,11075,11077],{"id":11076},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11079,11080],{},"This will not work:",[56,11082,11083],{"className":58,"code":10612,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,11084,11085],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11086,11087],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11088,10612],{"class":3816},[20,11090,11091],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[56,11093,11095],{"className":58,"code":11094,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11096,11097,11121],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11098,11099,11101,11103,11105,11107,11109,11111,11113,11115,11117,11119],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11100,72],{"class":71},[65,11102,76],{"class":75},[65,11104,80],{"class":79},[65,11106,203],{"class":83},[65,11108,10639],{"class":87},[65,11110,203],{"class":83},[65,11112,93],{"class":79},[65,11114,233],{"class":83},[65,11116,7826],{"class":87},[65,11118,203],{"class":83},[65,11120,130],{"class":79},[65,11122,11123,11125,11127,11129],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,11124,165],{"class":164},[65,11126,168],{"class":79},[65,11128,184],{"class":147},[65,11130,174],{"class":79},[1059,11132,11134],{"id":11133},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11136,11137],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[56,11139,11141],{"className":58,"code":11140,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11142,11143,11179],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11144,11145,11147,11149,11151,11153,11155,11157,11159,11161,11163,11165,11167,11169,11171,11173,11175,11177],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11146,72],{"class":71},[65,11148,76],{"class":75},[65,11150,9321],{"class":1368},[65,11152,9803],{"class":79},[65,11154,203],{"class":83},[65,11156,931],{"class":87},[65,11158,203],{"class":83},[65,11160,100],{"class":79},[65,11162,97],{"class":96},[65,11164,9383],{"class":79},[65,11166,648],{"class":79},[65,11168,203],{"class":83},[65,11170,931],{"class":87},[65,11172,203],{"class":83},[65,11174,100],{"class":79},[65,11176,113],{"class":96},[65,11178,10823],{"class":79},[65,11180,11181,11183,11185,11187],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,11182,165],{"class":164},[65,11184,168],{"class":79},[65,11186,184],{"class":147},[65,11188,174],{"class":79},[20,11190,11191],{},[46,11192,191],{},[56,11194,11196],{"className":58,"code":11195,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11197,11198],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11199,11200,11202,11204,11206,11208,11210,11212],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11201,218],{"class":79},[65,11203,203],{"class":83},[65,11205,931],{"class":87},[65,11207,203],{"class":83},[65,11209,93],{"class":79},[65,11211,113],{"class":96},[65,11213,130],{"class":79},[20,11215,11216,11217,144],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[88,11218,11220],{"href":11219},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[51,11222,1766],{"id":1765},[20,11224,11225,11226,11228],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11227,9271],{}," include:",[30,11230,11231,11241,11247,11250],{},[33,11232,11233,11234,11237,11238],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11235,11236],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11239,11240],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[33,11242,11243,11244],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11245,11246],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[33,11248,11249],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[33,11251,11252,11253,11255],{},"confusing ",[15,11254,9271],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11257,11258],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[56,11260,11262],{"className":58,"code":11261,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11263,11264,11278,11288,11299],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11265,11266,11268,11270,11272,11274,11276],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11267,165],{"class":164},[65,11269,168],{"class":79},[65,11271,3370],{"class":1368},[65,11273,168],{"class":79},[65,11275,184],{"class":147},[65,11277,1870],{"class":79},[65,11279,11280,11282,11284,11286],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,11281,165],{"class":164},[65,11283,168],{"class":79},[65,11285,184],{"class":147},[65,11287,174],{"class":79},[65,11289,11290,11292,11294,11297],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,11291,165],{"class":164},[65,11293,168],{"class":79},[65,11295,11296],{"class":147},"list_of_pairs",[65,11298,174],{"class":79},[65,11300,11301,11303,11305,11307,11309,11311],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,11302,165],{"class":164},[65,11304,168],{"class":79},[65,11306,1863],{"class":164},[65,11308,168],{"class":79},[65,11310,11296],{"class":147},[65,11312,1870],{"class":79},[20,11314,11315],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[30,11317,11318,11321,11324],{},[33,11319,11320],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[33,11322,11323],{},"what data is being passed in",[33,11325,11326],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[51,11328,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,11330,5330,11332,1048,11334,2637],{"id":11331},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11333,9271],{},[15,11335,3944],{},[20,11337,11338,11340,11341,11343],{},[15,11339,3944],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11342,9271],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1059,11345,5320,11347,11349],{"id":11346},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11348,9271],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11351,11352,11353,144],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11354,11240],{},[1059,11356,5308,11358,11361],{"id":11357},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11359,11360],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11363,11364],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1059,11366,11368,11369,11371],{"id":11367},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11370,9271],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11373,11374,11375,11378],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11376,11377],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[51,11380,2015],{"id":2014},[30,11382,11383,11388,11392,11397,11403],{},[33,11384,11385],{},[88,11386,11387],{"href":9536},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[33,11389,11390],{},[88,11391,9307],{"href":9306},[33,11393,11394],{},[88,11395,11396],{"href":10875},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[33,11398,11399],{},[88,11400,10881,11401,10885],{"href":10880},[15,11402,10884],{},[33,11404,11405],{},[88,11406,11407],{"href":11219},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2071,11409,11410],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":11412},[11413,11415,11421,11422,11423,11424,11431,11437,11438,11448],{"id":9490,"depth":133,"text":11414},"What dict() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283,"children":11416},[11417,11418,11419,11420],{"id":9547,"depth":154,"text":9548},{"id":9589,"depth":154,"text":9590},{"id":9693,"depth":154,"text":9694},{"id":9783,"depth":154,"text":9784},{"id":9895,"depth":133,"text":9548},{"id":9998,"depth":133,"text":9999},{"id":10421,"depth":133,"text":10422},{"id":10726,"depth":133,"text":11425,"children":11426},"dict() vs {}",[11427,11429],{"id":10742,"depth":154,"text":11428},"Use {} when:",{"id":10768,"depth":154,"text":11430},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10888,"depth":133,"text":10889,"children":11432},[11433,11434,11435,11436],{"id":10897,"depth":154,"text":10898},{"id":11018,"depth":154,"text":11019},{"id":11076,"depth":154,"text":11077},{"id":11133,"depth":154,"text":11134},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":11439},[11440,11442,11444,11446],{"id":11331,"depth":154,"text":11441},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11346,"depth":154,"text":11443},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11357,"depth":154,"text":11445},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11367,"depth":154,"text":11447},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9263,"description":11449},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11456,"title":11457,"body":11458,"description":12952,"extension":2111,"meta":12953,"navigation":157,"path":12954,"seo":12955,"stem":12956,"__hash__":12957},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11459,"toc":12921},[11460,11465,11471,11478,11480,11541,11546,11551,11556,11574,11577,11581,11583,11598,11600,11613,11615,11618,11749,11751,11818,11821,11837,11843,11849,11852,11932,11934,11948,11952,11958,12023,12025,12033,12036,12059,12065,12128,12134,12137,12151,12164,12168,12179,12184,12195,12202,12206,12212,12334,12336,12362,12365,12382,12385,12496,12498,12547,12549,12562,12571,12576,12581,12592,12594,12697,12718,12720,12724,12743,12746,12804,12807,12833,12835,12841,12844,12850,12854,12861,12869,12875,12878,12880,12918],[10,11461,13,11463,18],{"id":11462},"python-dictionary-clear-method",[15,11464,2050],{},[20,11466,11467,11470],{},[15,11468,11469],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11472,11473,11474,11477],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[46,11475,11476],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[51,11479,54],{"id":53},[56,11481,11483],{"className":58,"code":11482,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11484,11485,11517,11528],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11486,11487,11489,11491,11493,11495,11497,11499,11501,11503,11505,11507,11509,11511,11513,11515],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11488,72],{"class":71},[65,11490,76],{"class":75},[65,11492,80],{"class":79},[65,11494,84],{"class":83},[65,11496,88],{"class":87},[65,11498,84],{"class":83},[65,11500,93],{"class":79},[65,11502,97],{"class":96},[65,11504,100],{"class":79},[65,11506,103],{"class":83},[65,11508,106],{"class":87},[65,11510,84],{"class":83},[65,11512,93],{"class":79},[65,11514,113],{"class":96},[65,11516,130],{"class":79},[65,11518,11519,11521,11523,11526],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,11520,184],{"class":71},[65,11522,144],{"class":79},[65,11524,11525],{"class":147},"clear",[65,11527,151],{"class":79},[65,11529,11530,11532,11534,11536,11538],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,11531,165],{"class":164},[65,11533,168],{"class":79},[65,11535,184],{"class":147},[65,11537,3813],{"class":79},[65,11539,11540],{"class":3816},"  # {}\n",[20,11542,11543,11545],{},[15,11544,2050],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[51,11547,252,11549,255],{"id":11548},"what-clear-does",[15,11550,2050],{},[20,11552,22,11553,11555],{},[15,11554,2050],{}," method:",[30,11557,11558,11561,11564,11569],{},[33,11559,11560],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[33,11562,11563],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[33,11565,11566,11567],{},"Returns ",[15,11568,3930],{},[33,11570,11571,11572],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11573,3944],{},[20,11575,11576],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11578,9303,11579,144],{},[88,11580,9307],{"href":9306},[51,11582,283],{"id":282},[56,11584,11586],{"className":58,"code":11585,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11587,11588],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11589,11590,11592,11594,11596],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11591,1852],{"class":71},[65,11593,144],{"class":79},[65,11595,11525],{"class":147},[65,11597,151],{"class":79},[20,11599,302],{},[30,11601,11602,11607,11610],{},[33,11603,11604,11606],{},[15,11605,2050],{}," takes no arguments",[33,11608,11609],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[33,11611,11612],{},"It empties that dictionary",[51,11614,506],{"id":505},[20,11616,11617],{},"Here is a basic example:",[56,11619,11621],{"className":58,"code":11620,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11622,11623,11632,11651,11665,11682,11686,11690,11710,11714,11725,11729],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11624,11625,11628,11630],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11626,11627],{"class":71},"user ",[65,11629,76],{"class":75},[65,11631,1589],{"class":79},[65,11633,11634,11636,11638,11640,11642,11644,11647,11649],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,11635,1594],{"class":83},[65,11637,369],{"class":87},[65,11639,84],{"class":83},[65,11641,93],{"class":79},[65,11643,103],{"class":83},[65,11645,11646],{"class":87},"Maya",[65,11648,84],{"class":83},[65,11650,1611],{"class":79},[65,11652,11653,11655,11657,11659,11661,11663],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,11654,1594],{"class":83},[65,11656,387],{"class":87},[65,11658,84],{"class":83},[65,11660,93],{"class":79},[65,11662,394],{"class":96},[65,11664,1611],{"class":79},[65,11666,11667,11669,11671,11673,11675,11677,11680],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,11668,1594],{"class":83},[65,11670,10553],{"class":87},[65,11672,84],{"class":83},[65,11674,93],{"class":79},[65,11676,103],{"class":83},[65,11678,11679],{"class":87},"Berlin",[65,11681,1650],{"class":83},[65,11683,11684],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,11685,130],{"class":79},[65,11687,11688],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,11689,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,11691,11692,11694,11696,11698,11701,11703,11705,11708],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,11693,165],{"class":164},[65,11695,168],{"class":79},[65,11697,84],{"class":83},[65,11699,11700],{"class":87},"Before:",[65,11702,84],{"class":83},[65,11704,100],{"class":79},[65,11706,11707],{"class":147}," user",[65,11709,174],{"class":79},[65,11711,11712],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,11713,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,11715,11716,11719,11721,11723],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,11717,11718],{"class":71},"user",[65,11720,144],{"class":79},[65,11722,11525],{"class":147},[65,11724,151],{"class":79},[65,11726,11727],{"class":67,"line":6587},[65,11728,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,11730,11732,11734,11736,11738,11741,11743,11745,11747],{"class":67,"line":11731},11,[65,11733,165],{"class":164},[65,11735,168],{"class":79},[65,11737,84],{"class":83},[65,11739,11740],{"class":87},"After:",[65,11742,84],{"class":83},[65,11744,100],{"class":79},[65,11746,11707],{"class":147},[65,11748,174],{"class":79},[20,11750,5711],{},[56,11752,11754],{"className":58,"code":11753,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11755,11756,11809],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11757,11758,11761,11763,11765,11767,11769,11771,11773,11775,11777,11779,11781,11783,11785,11787,11789,11791,11793,11795,11797,11799,11801,11803,11805,11807],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11759,11760],{"class":71},"Before",[65,11762,93],{"class":79},[65,11764,80],{"class":79},[65,11766,203],{"class":83},[65,11768,369],{"class":87},[65,11770,203],{"class":83},[65,11772,93],{"class":79},[65,11774,233],{"class":83},[65,11776,11646],{"class":87},[65,11778,203],{"class":83},[65,11780,100],{"class":79},[65,11782,233],{"class":83},[65,11784,387],{"class":87},[65,11786,203],{"class":83},[65,11788,93],{"class":79},[65,11790,394],{"class":96},[65,11792,100],{"class":79},[65,11794,233],{"class":83},[65,11796,10553],{"class":87},[65,11798,203],{"class":83},[65,11800,93],{"class":79},[65,11802,233],{"class":83},[65,11804,11679],{"class":87},[65,11806,203],{"class":83},[65,11808,130],{"class":79},[65,11810,11811,11814,11816],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,11812,11813],{"class":71},"After",[65,11815,93],{"class":79},[65,11817,1343],{"class":79},[20,11819,11820],{},"What happens here:",[30,11822,11823,11828,11834],{},[33,11824,11825,11827],{},[15,11826,11718],{}," starts with three items",[33,11829,11830,11833],{},[15,11831,11832],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[33,11835,11836],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[51,11838,252,11840,11842],{"id":11839},"what-clear-returns",[15,11841,2050],{}," returns",[20,11844,11845,2543,11847,144],{},[15,11846,2050],{},[15,11848,3930],{},[20,11850,11851],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[56,11853,11855],{"className":58,"code":11854,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11856,11857,11890,11894,11908,11912,11922],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11858,11859,11862,11864,11866,11868,11870,11872,11874,11876,11878,11880,11882,11884,11886,11888],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11860,11861],{"class":71},"my_dict ",[65,11863,76],{"class":75},[65,11865,80],{"class":79},[65,11867,84],{"class":83},[65,11869,931],{"class":87},[65,11871,84],{"class":83},[65,11873,93],{"class":79},[65,11875,97],{"class":96},[65,11877,100],{"class":79},[65,11879,103],{"class":83},[65,11881,944],{"class":87},[65,11883,84],{"class":83},[65,11885,93],{"class":79},[65,11887,113],{"class":96},[65,11889,130],{"class":79},[65,11891,11892],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,11893,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,11895,11896,11898,11900,11902,11904,11906],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,11897,401],{"class":71},[65,11899,76],{"class":75},[65,11901,1883],{"class":71},[65,11903,144],{"class":79},[65,11905,11525],{"class":147},[65,11907,151],{"class":79},[65,11909,11910],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,11911,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,11913,11914,11916,11918,11920],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,11915,165],{"class":164},[65,11917,168],{"class":79},[65,11919,425],{"class":147},[65,11921,174],{"class":79},[65,11923,11924,11926,11928,11930],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,11925,165],{"class":164},[65,11927,168],{"class":79},[65,11929,1852],{"class":147},[65,11931,174],{"class":79},[20,11933,191],{},[56,11935,11937],{"className":58,"code":11936,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"None\n{}\n",[15,11938,11939,11944],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11940,11941],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11942,11943],{"class":4005},"None\n",[65,11945,11946],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,11947,9580],{"class":79},[1059,11949,11951],{"id":11950},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11953,11954,11955,11957],{},"Do ",[46,11956,1014],{}," do this:",[56,11959,11961],{"className":58,"code":11960,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11962,11963,11995,12009,12013],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,11964,11965,11967,11969,11971,11973,11975,11977,11979,11981,11983,11985,11987,11989,11991,11993],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,11966,11861],{"class":71},[65,11968,76],{"class":75},[65,11970,80],{"class":79},[65,11972,84],{"class":83},[65,11974,931],{"class":87},[65,11976,84],{"class":83},[65,11978,93],{"class":79},[65,11980,97],{"class":96},[65,11982,100],{"class":79},[65,11984,103],{"class":83},[65,11986,944],{"class":87},[65,11988,84],{"class":83},[65,11990,93],{"class":79},[65,11992,113],{"class":96},[65,11994,130],{"class":79},[65,11996,11997,11999,12001,12003,12005,12007],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,11998,11861],{"class":71},[65,12000,76],{"class":75},[65,12002,1883],{"class":71},[65,12004,144],{"class":79},[65,12006,11525],{"class":147},[65,12008,151],{"class":79},[65,12010,12011],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,12012,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,12014,12015,12017,12019,12021],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,12016,165],{"class":164},[65,12018,168],{"class":79},[65,12020,1852],{"class":147},[65,12022,174],{"class":79},[20,12024,191],{},[56,12026,12027],{"className":58,"code":11943,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,12028,12029],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,12030,12031],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,12032,11943],{"class":4005},[20,12034,12035],{},"Why this happens:",[30,12037,12038,12044,12049],{},[33,12039,12040,12043],{},[15,12041,12042],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[33,12045,12046,12047],{},"The method returns ",[15,12048,3930],{},[33,12050,12051,12052,12055,12056,12058],{},"Then ",[15,12053,12054],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12057,3930],{}," in the variable",[20,12060,12061,12062,12064],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12063,2050],{}," by itself:",[56,12066,12068],{"className":58,"code":12067,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12069,12070,12102,12112,12116],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,12071,12072,12074,12076,12078,12080,12082,12084,12086,12088,12090,12092,12094,12096,12098,12100],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,12073,11861],{"class":71},[65,12075,76],{"class":75},[65,12077,80],{"class":79},[65,12079,84],{"class":83},[65,12081,931],{"class":87},[65,12083,84],{"class":83},[65,12085,93],{"class":79},[65,12087,97],{"class":96},[65,12089,100],{"class":79},[65,12091,103],{"class":83},[65,12093,944],{"class":87},[65,12095,84],{"class":83},[65,12097,93],{"class":79},[65,12099,113],{"class":96},[65,12101,130],{"class":79},[65,12103,12104,12106,12108,12110],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,12105,1852],{"class":71},[65,12107,144],{"class":79},[65,12109,11525],{"class":147},[65,12111,151],{"class":79},[65,12113,12114],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,12115,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,12117,12118,12120,12122,12124,12126],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,12119,165],{"class":164},[65,12121,168],{"class":79},[65,12123,1852],{"class":147},[65,12125,3813],{"class":79},[65,12127,11540],{"class":3816},[51,12129,12131,12133],{"id":12130},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12132,2050],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12135,12136],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[56,12138,12139],{"className":58,"code":11585,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,12140,12141],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,12142,12143,12145,12147,12149],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,12144,1852],{"class":71},[65,12146,144],{"class":79},[65,12148,11525],{"class":147},[65,12150,151],{"class":79},[56,12152,12154],{"className":58,"code":12153,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12155,12156],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,12157,12158,12160,12162],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,12159,11861],{"class":71},[65,12161,76],{"class":75},[65,12163,1343],{"class":79},[1059,12165,12166],{"id":11525},[15,12167,2050],{},[30,12169,12170,12173,12176],{},[33,12171,12172],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[33,12174,12175],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[33,12177,12178],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1059,12180,12181],{"id":1852},[15,12182,12183],{},"my_dict = {}",[30,12185,12186,12189,12192],{},[33,12187,12188],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[33,12190,12191],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[33,12193,12194],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12196,12197,12198,144],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[88,12199,12201],{"href":12200},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[51,12203,12205],{"id":12204},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12207,12208,12209,12211],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12210,2050],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[56,12213,12215],{"className":58,"code":12214,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12216,12217,12250,12260,12264,12275,12279,12299,12319],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,12218,12219,12222,12224,12226,12228,12230,12232,12234,12236,12238,12240,12242,12244,12246,12248],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,12220,12221],{"class":71},"original ",[65,12223,76],{"class":75},[65,12225,80],{"class":79},[65,12227,84],{"class":83},[65,12229,88],{"class":87},[65,12231,84],{"class":83},[65,12233,93],{"class":79},[65,12235,97],{"class":96},[65,12237,100],{"class":79},[65,12239,103],{"class":83},[65,12241,106],{"class":87},[65,12243,84],{"class":83},[65,12245,93],{"class":79},[65,12247,113],{"class":96},[65,12249,130],{"class":79},[65,12251,12252,12255,12257],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,12253,12254],{"class":71},"other_ref ",[65,12256,76],{"class":75},[65,12258,12259],{"class":71}," original\n",[65,12261,12262],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,12263,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,12265,12266,12269,12271,12273],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,12267,12268],{"class":71},"original",[65,12270,144],{"class":79},[65,12272,11525],{"class":147},[65,12274,151],{"class":79},[65,12276,12277],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,12278,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,12280,12281,12283,12285,12287,12290,12292,12294,12297],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,12282,165],{"class":164},[65,12284,168],{"class":79},[65,12286,84],{"class":83},[65,12288,12289],{"class":87},"original:",[65,12291,84],{"class":83},[65,12293,100],{"class":79},[65,12295,12296],{"class":147}," original",[65,12298,174],{"class":79},[65,12300,12301,12303,12305,12307,12310,12312,12314,12317],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,12302,165],{"class":164},[65,12304,168],{"class":79},[65,12306,84],{"class":83},[65,12308,12309],{"class":87},"other_ref:",[65,12311,84],{"class":83},[65,12313,100],{"class":79},[65,12315,12316],{"class":147}," other_ref",[65,12318,174],{"class":79},[65,12320,12321,12323,12325,12327,12330,12332],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,12322,165],{"class":164},[65,12324,168],{"class":79},[65,12326,12221],{"class":147},[65,12328,12329],{"class":1405},"is",[65,12331,12316],{"class":147},[65,12333,174],{"class":79},[20,12335,191],{},[56,12337,12339],{"className":58,"code":12338,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12340,12341,12349,12358],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,12342,12343,12345,12347],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,12344,12268],{"class":71},[65,12346,93],{"class":79},[65,12348,1343],{"class":79},[65,12350,12351,12354,12356],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,12352,12353],{"class":71},"other_ref",[65,12355,93],{"class":79},[65,12357,1343],{"class":79},[65,12359,12360],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,12361,4134],{"class":4005},[20,12363,12364],{},"This shows:",[30,12366,12367,12374,12379],{},[33,12368,12369,1048,12371,12373],{},[15,12370,12268],{},[15,12372,12353],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[33,12375,12376,12378],{},[15,12377,2050],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[33,12380,12381],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12383,12384],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[56,12386,12388],{"className":58,"code":12387,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12389,12390,12422,12430,12434,12442,12446,12464,12482],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,12391,12392,12394,12396,12398,12400,12402,12404,12406,12408,12410,12412,12414,12416,12418,12420],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,12393,12221],{"class":71},[65,12395,76],{"class":75},[65,12397,80],{"class":79},[65,12399,84],{"class":83},[65,12401,88],{"class":87},[65,12403,84],{"class":83},[65,12405,93],{"class":79},[65,12407,97],{"class":96},[65,12409,100],{"class":79},[65,12411,103],{"class":83},[65,12413,106],{"class":87},[65,12415,84],{"class":83},[65,12417,93],{"class":79},[65,12419,113],{"class":96},[65,12421,130],{"class":79},[65,12423,12424,12426,12428],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,12425,12254],{"class":71},[65,12427,76],{"class":75},[65,12429,12259],{"class":71},[65,12431,12432],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,12433,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,12435,12436,12438,12440],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,12437,12221],{"class":71},[65,12439,76],{"class":75},[65,12441,1343],{"class":79},[65,12443,12444],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,12445,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,12447,12448,12450,12452,12454,12456,12458,12460,12462],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,12449,165],{"class":164},[65,12451,168],{"class":79},[65,12453,84],{"class":83},[65,12455,12289],{"class":87},[65,12457,84],{"class":83},[65,12459,100],{"class":79},[65,12461,12296],{"class":147},[65,12463,174],{"class":79},[65,12465,12466,12468,12470,12472,12474,12476,12478,12480],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,12467,165],{"class":164},[65,12469,168],{"class":79},[65,12471,84],{"class":83},[65,12473,12309],{"class":87},[65,12475,84],{"class":83},[65,12477,100],{"class":79},[65,12479,12316],{"class":147},[65,12481,174],{"class":79},[65,12483,12484,12486,12488,12490,12492,12494],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,12485,165],{"class":164},[65,12487,168],{"class":79},[65,12489,12221],{"class":147},[65,12491,12329],{"class":1405},[65,12493,12316],{"class":147},[65,12495,174],{"class":79},[20,12497,191],{},[56,12499,12501],{"className":58,"code":12500,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12502,12503,12511,12543],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,12504,12505,12507,12509],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,12506,12268],{"class":71},[65,12508,93],{"class":79},[65,12510,1343],{"class":79},[65,12512,12513,12515,12517,12519,12521,12523,12525,12527,12529,12531,12533,12535,12537,12539,12541],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,12514,12353],{"class":71},[65,12516,93],{"class":79},[65,12518,80],{"class":79},[65,12520,203],{"class":83},[65,12522,88],{"class":87},[65,12524,203],{"class":83},[65,12526,93],{"class":79},[65,12528,97],{"class":96},[65,12530,100],{"class":79},[65,12532,233],{"class":83},[65,12534,106],{"class":87},[65,12536,203],{"class":83},[65,12538,93],{"class":79},[65,12540,113],{"class":96},[65,12542,130],{"class":79},[65,12544,12545],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,12546,4195],{"class":4005},[20,12548,2325],{},[30,12550,12551,12557],{},[33,12552,12553,12556],{},[15,12554,12555],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[33,12558,12559,12561],{},[15,12560,12353],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12563,12564,12565,144],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[88,12566,12568],{"href":12567},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12569,12570],{},"dict.copy()",[51,12572,1553,12574],{"id":12573},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12575,2050],{},[20,12577,12578,12580],{},[15,12579,2050],{}," is useful when you want to:",[30,12582,12583,12586,12589],{},[33,12584,12585],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[33,12587,12588],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[33,12590,12591],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12593,350],{},[56,12595,12597],{"className":58,"code":12596,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12598,12599,12608,12624,12644,12657,12661,12665,12670,12681,12685],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,12600,12601,12604,12606],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,12602,12603],{"class":71},"session_data ",[65,12605,76],{"class":75},[65,12607,1589],{"class":79},[65,12609,12610,12612,12615,12617,12619,12622],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,12611,1594],{"class":83},[65,12613,12614],{"class":87},"user_id",[65,12616,84],{"class":83},[65,12618,93],{"class":79},[65,12620,12621],{"class":96}," 101",[65,12623,1611],{"class":79},[65,12625,12626,12628,12631,12633,12635,12637,12640,12642],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,12627,1594],{"class":83},[65,12629,12630],{"class":87},"theme",[65,12632,84],{"class":83},[65,12634,93],{"class":79},[65,12636,103],{"class":83},[65,12638,12639],{"class":87},"dark",[65,12641,84],{"class":83},[65,12643,1611],{"class":79},[65,12645,12646,12648,12651,12653,12655],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,12647,1594],{"class":83},[65,12649,12650],{"class":87},"logged_in",[65,12652,84],{"class":83},[65,12654,93],{"class":79},[65,12656,6575],{"class":4005},[65,12658,12659],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,12660,130],{"class":79},[65,12662,12663],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,12664,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,12666,12667],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,12668,12669],{"class":3816},"# Reset for a new session\n",[65,12671,12672,12675,12677,12679],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,12673,12674],{"class":71},"session_data",[65,12676,144],{"class":79},[65,12678,11525],{"class":147},[65,12680,151],{"class":79},[65,12682,12683],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,12684,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,12686,12687,12689,12691,12693,12695],{"class":67,"line":6587},[65,12688,165],{"class":164},[65,12690,168],{"class":79},[65,12692,12674],{"class":147},[65,12694,3813],{"class":79},[65,12696,11540],{"class":3816},[20,12698,12699,12700,12705,12706,144,12709,12711,12712,144],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[88,12701,12702],{"href":324},[15,12703,12704],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[88,12707,12708],{"href":2055},"how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9990,12710],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[88,12713,12715],{"href":12714},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12716,12717],{},"dict.popitem()",[51,12719,1766],{"id":1765},[20,12721,10892,12722,93],{},[15,12723,2050],{},[30,12725,12726,12732,12737,12740],{},[33,12727,12728,12729,12731],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12730,2050],{}," to a variable",[33,12733,1792,12734,12736],{},[15,12735,2050],{}," to return a new dictionary",[33,12738,12739],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[33,12741,12742],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12744,12745],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[56,12747,12749],{"className":58,"code":12748,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12750,12751,12761,12775,12790],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,12752,12753,12755,12757,12759],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,12754,165],{"class":164},[65,12756,168],{"class":79},[65,12758,1852],{"class":147},[65,12760,174],{"class":79},[65,12762,12763,12765,12767,12769,12771,12773],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,12764,165],{"class":164},[65,12766,168],{"class":79},[65,12768,3370],{"class":1368},[65,12770,168],{"class":79},[65,12772,1852],{"class":147},[65,12774,1870],{"class":79},[65,12776,12777,12779,12781,12784,12786,12788],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,12778,165],{"class":164},[65,12780,168],{"class":79},[65,12782,12783],{"class":164},"id",[65,12785,168],{"class":79},[65,12787,1852],{"class":147},[65,12789,1870],{"class":79},[65,12791,12792,12794,12796,12798,12800,12802],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,12793,165],{"class":164},[65,12795,168],{"class":79},[65,12797,12254],{"class":147},[65,12799,12329],{"class":1405},[65,12801,1883],{"class":147},[65,12803,174],{"class":79},[20,12805,12806],{},"What these show:",[30,12808,12809,12815,12821,12827],{},[33,12810,12811,12814],{},[15,12812,12813],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[33,12816,12817,12820],{},[15,12818,12819],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[33,12822,12823,12826],{},[15,12824,12825],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[33,12828,12829,12832],{},[15,12830,12831],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[51,12834,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,12836,1966,12838,12840],{"id":12837},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12839,2050],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12842,12843],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1059,12845,1953,12847,12849],{"id":12846},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12848,11469],{}," return?",[20,12851,5298,12852,144],{},[15,12853,3930],{},[1059,12855,5330,12857,1048,12859,2637],{"id":12856},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12858,2050],{},[15,12860,3944],{},[20,12862,12863,12865,12866,12868],{},[15,12864,2050],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12867,3944],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1059,12870,1966,12872,12874],{"id":12871},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12873,2050],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12876,12877],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[51,12879,2015],{"id":2014},[30,12881,12882,12886,12890,12896,12902,12909,12914],{},[33,12883,12884],{},[88,12885,9307],{"href":9306},[33,12887,12888],{},[88,12889,11387],{"href":9536},[33,12891,12892],{},[88,12893,10881,12894,10885],{"href":324},[15,12895,327],{},[33,12897,12898],{},[88,12899,10881,12900,10885],{"href":12714},[15,12901,17],{},[33,12903,12904],{},[88,12905,10881,12906,10885],{"href":12567},[15,12907,12908],{},"copy()",[33,12910,12911],{},[88,12912,12913],{"href":12200},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[33,12915,12916],{},[88,12917,2056],{"href":2055},[2071,12919,12920],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":12922},[12923,12924,12926,12927,12928,12932,12937,12938,12940,12941,12951],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":11548,"depth":133,"text":12925},"What clear() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506},{"id":11839,"depth":133,"text":12929,"children":12930},"What clear() returns",[12931],{"id":11950,"depth":154,"text":11951},{"id":12130,"depth":133,"text":12933,"children":12934},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12935,12936],{"id":11525,"depth":154,"text":2050},{"id":1852,"depth":154,"text":12183},{"id":12204,"depth":133,"text":12205},{"id":12573,"depth":133,"text":12939},"When to use clear()",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":12942},[12943,12945,12947,12949],{"id":12837,"depth":154,"text":12944},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12846,"depth":154,"text":12946},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12856,"depth":154,"text":12948},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12871,"depth":154,"text":12950},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11457,"description":12952},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12959,"title":12960,"body":12961,"description":15123,"extension":2111,"meta":15124,"navigation":157,"path":15125,"seo":15126,"stem":15127,"__hash__":15128},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12962,"toc":15095},[12963,12968,12973,12983,12985,13073,13077,13118,13123,13130,13148,13157,13159,13180,13183,13195,13197,13276,13280,13321,13323,13326,13452,13456,13536,13539,13557,13560,13564,13570,13572,13583,13585,13780,13784,13890,13893,13911,13914,13921,13926,13930,13944,13946,14073,14077,14157,14170,14176,14179,14187,14191,14317,14321,14395,14400,14531,14535,14609,14612,14626,14630,14634,14648,14650,14785,14789,14858,14860,14864,14886,14889,14995,14998,15009,15016,15018,15023,15026,15033,15036,15043,15051,15055,15058,15060,15092],[10,12964,13,12966,18],{"id":12965},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12967,12908],{},[20,12969,12970,12972],{},[15,12971,12570],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12974,12975,12976,12978,12979,12982],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12977,12908],{}," makes a ",[46,12980,12981],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[51,12984,54],{"id":53},[56,12986,12988],{"className":58,"code":12987,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12989,12990,13027,13044,13048,13059],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,12991,12992,12995,12997,12999,13001,13003,13005,13007,13009,13011,13013,13015,13017,13019,13021,13023,13025],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,12993,12994],{"class":71},"student ",[65,12996,76],{"class":75},[65,12998,80],{"class":79},[65,13000,84],{"class":83},[65,13002,369],{"class":87},[65,13004,84],{"class":83},[65,13006,93],{"class":79},[65,13008,103],{"class":83},[65,13010,542],{"class":87},[65,13012,84],{"class":83},[65,13014,100],{"class":79},[65,13016,103],{"class":83},[65,13018,387],{"class":87},[65,13020,84],{"class":83},[65,13022,93],{"class":79},[65,13024,7940],{"class":96},[65,13026,130],{"class":79},[65,13028,13029,13032,13034,13037,13039,13042],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,13030,13031],{"class":71},"student_copy ",[65,13033,76],{"class":75},[65,13035,13036],{"class":71}," student",[65,13038,144],{"class":79},[65,13040,13041],{"class":147},"copy",[65,13043,151],{"class":79},[65,13045,13046],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,13047,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,13049,13050,13052,13054,13057],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,13051,165],{"class":164},[65,13053,168],{"class":79},[65,13055,13056],{"class":147},"student_copy",[65,13058,174],{"class":79},[65,13060,13061,13063,13065,13067,13069,13071],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,13062,165],{"class":164},[65,13064,168],{"class":79},[65,13066,13031],{"class":147},[65,13068,12329],{"class":1405},[65,13070,13036],{"class":147},[65,13072,174],{"class":79},[20,13074,13075],{},[46,13076,191],{},[56,13078,13080],{"className":58,"code":13079,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13081,13082,13114],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,13083,13084,13086,13088,13090,13092,13094,13096,13098,13100,13102,13104,13106,13108,13110,13112],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,13085,218],{"class":79},[65,13087,203],{"class":83},[65,13089,369],{"class":87},[65,13091,203],{"class":83},[65,13093,93],{"class":79},[65,13095,233],{"class":83},[65,13097,542],{"class":87},[65,13099,203],{"class":83},[65,13101,100],{"class":79},[65,13103,233],{"class":83},[65,13105,387],{"class":87},[65,13107,203],{"class":83},[65,13109,93],{"class":79},[65,13111,7940],{"class":96},[65,13113,130],{"class":79},[65,13115,13116],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,13117,4195],{"class":4005},[20,13119,1309,13120,13122],{},[15,13121,12908],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[51,13124,13126,13127,13129],{"id":13125},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13128,12908],{}," method does",[30,13131,13132,13137,13140,13145],{},[33,13133,13134,13136],{},[15,13135,12570],{}," returns a new dictionary",[33,13138,13139],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[33,13141,13142,13143],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13144,12908],{},[33,13146,13147],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13149,13150,13151,3024,13154,144],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[88,13152,9307],{"href":13153},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[88,13155,9537],{"href":13156},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[51,13158,283],{"id":282},[56,13160,13162],{"className":58,"code":13161,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13163,13164],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,13165,13166,13169,13171,13174,13176,13178],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,13167,13168],{"class":71},"new_dict ",[65,13170,76],{"class":75},[65,13172,13173],{"class":71}," old_dict",[65,13175,144],{"class":79},[65,13177,13041],{"class":147},[65,13179,151],{"class":79},[20,13181,13182],{},"Key points:",[30,13184,13185,13189,13192],{},[33,13186,13187,11606],{},[15,13188,12908],{},[33,13190,13191],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[33,13193,13194],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13196,350],{},[56,13198,13200],{"className":58,"code":13199,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13201,13202,13245,13261,13265],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,13203,13204,13207,13209,13211,13213,13215,13217,13219,13221,13224,13226,13228,13230,13232,13234,13236,13238,13241,13243],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,13205,13206],{"class":71},"colors ",[65,13208,76],{"class":75},[65,13210,80],{"class":79},[65,13212,84],{"class":83},[65,13214,88],{"class":87},[65,13216,84],{"class":83},[65,13218,93],{"class":79},[65,13220,103],{"class":83},[65,13222,13223],{"class":87},"red",[65,13225,84],{"class":83},[65,13227,100],{"class":79},[65,13229,103],{"class":83},[65,13231,106],{"class":87},[65,13233,84],{"class":83},[65,13235,93],{"class":79},[65,13237,103],{"class":83},[65,13239,13240],{"class":87},"blue",[65,13242,84],{"class":83},[65,13244,130],{"class":79},[65,13246,13247,13250,13252,13255,13257,13259],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,13248,13249],{"class":71},"new_colors ",[65,13251,76],{"class":75},[65,13253,13254],{"class":71}," colors",[65,13256,144],{"class":79},[65,13258,13041],{"class":147},[65,13260,151],{"class":79},[65,13262,13263],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,13264,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,13266,13267,13269,13271,13274],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,13268,165],{"class":164},[65,13270,168],{"class":79},[65,13272,13273],{"class":147},"new_colors",[65,13275,174],{"class":79},[20,13277,13278],{},[46,13279,191],{},[56,13281,13283],{"className":58,"code":13282,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13284,13285],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,13286,13287,13289,13291,13293,13295,13297,13299,13301,13303,13305,13307,13309,13311,13313,13315,13317,13319],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,13288,218],{"class":79},[65,13290,203],{"class":83},[65,13292,88],{"class":87},[65,13294,203],{"class":83},[65,13296,93],{"class":79},[65,13298,233],{"class":83},[65,13300,13223],{"class":87},[65,13302,203],{"class":83},[65,13304,100],{"class":79},[65,13306,233],{"class":83},[65,13308,106],{"class":87},[65,13310,203],{"class":83},[65,13312,93],{"class":79},[65,13314,233],{"class":83},[65,13316,13240],{"class":87},[65,13318,203],{"class":83},[65,13320,130],{"class":79},[51,13322,506],{"id":505},[20,13324,13325],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[56,13327,13329],{"className":58,"code":13328,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13330,13331,13368,13383,13387,13409,13413,13432],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,13332,13333,13335,13337,13339,13341,13343,13345,13347,13349,13352,13354,13356,13358,13360,13362,13364,13366],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,13334,360],{"class":71},[65,13336,76],{"class":75},[65,13338,80],{"class":79},[65,13340,84],{"class":83},[65,13342,369],{"class":87},[65,13344,84],{"class":83},[65,13346,93],{"class":79},[65,13348,103],{"class":83},[65,13350,13351],{"class":87},"Liam",[65,13353,84],{"class":83},[65,13355,100],{"class":79},[65,13357,103],{"class":83},[65,13359,387],{"class":87},[65,13361,84],{"class":83},[65,13363,93],{"class":79},[65,13365,394],{"class":96},[65,13367,130],{"class":79},[65,13369,13370,13373,13375,13377,13379,13381],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,13371,13372],{"class":71},"person_copy ",[65,13374,76],{"class":75},[65,13376,406],{"class":71},[65,13378,144],{"class":79},[65,13380,13041],{"class":147},[65,13382,151],{"class":79},[65,13384,13385],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,13386,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,13388,13389,13392,13394,13396,13398,13400,13403,13406],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,13390,13391],{"class":71},"person_copy",[65,13393,4054],{"class":79},[65,13395,84],{"class":83},[65,13397,387],{"class":87},[65,13399,84],{"class":83},[65,13401,13402],{"class":79},"]",[65,13404,13405],{"class":75}," =",[65,13407,13408],{"class":96}," 26\n",[65,13410,13411],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,13412,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,13414,13415,13417,13419,13421,13424,13426,13428,13430],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,13416,165],{"class":164},[65,13418,168],{"class":79},[65,13420,84],{"class":83},[65,13422,13423],{"class":87},"Original:",[65,13425,84],{"class":83},[65,13427,100],{"class":79},[65,13429,406],{"class":147},[65,13431,174],{"class":79},[65,13433,13434,13436,13438,13440,13443,13445,13447,13450],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,13435,165],{"class":164},[65,13437,168],{"class":79},[65,13439,84],{"class":83},[65,13441,13442],{"class":87},"Copy:",[65,13444,84],{"class":83},[65,13446,100],{"class":79},[65,13448,13449],{"class":147}," person_copy",[65,13451,174],{"class":79},[20,13453,13454],{},[46,13455,191],{},[56,13457,13459],{"className":58,"code":13458,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13460,13461,13498],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,13462,13463,13466,13468,13470,13472,13474,13476,13478,13480,13482,13484,13486,13488,13490,13492,13494,13496],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,13464,13465],{"class":71},"Original",[65,13467,93],{"class":79},[65,13469,80],{"class":79},[65,13471,203],{"class":83},[65,13473,369],{"class":87},[65,13475,203],{"class":83},[65,13477,93],{"class":79},[65,13479,233],{"class":83},[65,13481,13351],{"class":87},[65,13483,203],{"class":83},[65,13485,100],{"class":79},[65,13487,233],{"class":83},[65,13489,387],{"class":87},[65,13491,203],{"class":83},[65,13493,93],{"class":79},[65,13495,394],{"class":96},[65,13497,130],{"class":79},[65,13499,13500,13503,13505,13507,13509,13511,13513,13515,13517,13519,13521,13523,13525,13527,13529,13531,13534],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,13501,13502],{"class":71},"Copy",[65,13504,93],{"class":79},[65,13506,80],{"class":79},[65,13508,203],{"class":83},[65,13510,369],{"class":87},[65,13512,203],{"class":83},[65,13514,93],{"class":79},[65,13516,233],{"class":83},[65,13518,13351],{"class":87},[65,13520,203],{"class":83},[65,13522,100],{"class":79},[65,13524,233],{"class":83},[65,13526,387],{"class":87},[65,13528,203],{"class":83},[65,13530,93],{"class":79},[65,13532,13533],{"class":96}," 26",[65,13535,130],{"class":79},[20,13537,13538],{},"What happened here:",[30,13540,13541,13547,13554],{},[33,13542,13543,13546],{},[15,13544,13545],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[33,13548,13549,13550,13553],{},"Changing ",[15,13551,13552],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[33,13555,13556],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13558,13559],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[51,13561,13563],{"id":13562},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13565,13566,12978,13568,144],{},[15,13567,12908],{},[46,13569,12981],{},[20,13571,2254],{},[30,13573,13574,13577,13580],{},[33,13575,13576],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[33,13578,13579],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[33,13581,13582],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13584,350],{},[56,13586,13588],{"className":58,"code":13587,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13589,13590,13598,13616,13639,13643,13647,13661,13665,13690,13694,13712,13731,13746],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,13591,13592,13594,13596],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,13593,12994],{"class":71},[65,13595,76],{"class":75},[65,13597,1589],{"class":79},[65,13599,13600,13602,13604,13606,13608,13610,13612,13614],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,13601,1594],{"class":83},[65,13603,369],{"class":87},[65,13605,84],{"class":83},[65,13607,93],{"class":79},[65,13609,103],{"class":83},[65,13611,542],{"class":87},[65,13613,84],{"class":83},[65,13615,1611],{"class":79},[65,13617,13618,13620,13623,13625,13627,13629,13632,13634,13637],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,13619,1594],{"class":83},[65,13621,13622],{"class":87},"grades",[65,13624,84],{"class":83},[65,13626,93],{"class":79},[65,13628,3773],{"class":79},[65,13630,13631],{"class":96},"90",[65,13633,100],{"class":79},[65,13635,13636],{"class":96}," 85",[65,13638,3786],{"class":79},[65,13640,13641],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,13642,130],{"class":79},[65,13644,13645],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,13646,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,13648,13649,13651,13653,13655,13657,13659],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,13650,13031],{"class":71},[65,13652,76],{"class":75},[65,13654,13036],{"class":71},[65,13656,144],{"class":79},[65,13658,13041],{"class":147},[65,13660,151],{"class":79},[65,13662,13663],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,13664,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,13666,13667,13669,13671,13673,13675,13677,13680,13683,13685,13688],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,13668,13056],{"class":71},[65,13670,4054],{"class":79},[65,13672,84],{"class":83},[65,13674,13622],{"class":87},[65,13676,84],{"class":83},[65,13678,13679],{"class":79},"].",[65,13681,13682],{"class":147},"append",[65,13684,168],{"class":79},[65,13686,13687],{"class":96},"100",[65,13689,174],{"class":79},[65,13691,13692],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,13693,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,13695,13696,13698,13700,13702,13704,13706,13708,13710],{"class":67,"line":6587},[65,13697,165],{"class":164},[65,13699,168],{"class":79},[65,13701,84],{"class":83},[65,13703,13423],{"class":87},[65,13705,84],{"class":83},[65,13707,100],{"class":79},[65,13709,13036],{"class":147},[65,13711,174],{"class":79},[65,13713,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724,13726,13729],{"class":67,"line":11731},[65,13715,165],{"class":164},[65,13717,168],{"class":79},[65,13719,84],{"class":83},[65,13721,13442],{"class":87},[65,13723,84],{"class":83},[65,13725,100],{"class":79},[65,13727,13728],{"class":147}," student_copy",[65,13730,174],{"class":79},[65,13732,13734,13736,13738,13740,13742,13744],{"class":67,"line":13733},12,[65,13735,165],{"class":164},[65,13737,168],{"class":79},[65,13739,12994],{"class":147},[65,13741,12329],{"class":1405},[65,13743,13728],{"class":147},[65,13745,174],{"class":79},[65,13747,13749,13751,13753,13756,13758,13760,13762,13764,13766,13768,13770,13772,13774,13776,13778],{"class":67,"line":13748},13,[65,13750,165],{"class":164},[65,13752,168],{"class":79},[65,13754,13755],{"class":147},"student",[65,13757,4054],{"class":79},[65,13759,84],{"class":83},[65,13761,13622],{"class":87},[65,13763,84],{"class":83},[65,13765,13402],{"class":79},[65,13767,8247],{"class":1405},[65,13769,13728],{"class":147},[65,13771,4054],{"class":79},[65,13773,84],{"class":83},[65,13775,13622],{"class":87},[65,13777,84],{"class":83},[65,13779,4042],{"class":79},[20,13781,13782],{},[46,13783,191],{},[56,13785,13787],{"className":58,"code":13786,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13788,13789,13836,13882,13886],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,13790,13791,13793,13795,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809,13811,13813,13815,13817,13819,13821,13823,13825,13827,13829,13831,13833],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,13792,13465],{"class":71},[65,13794,93],{"class":79},[65,13796,80],{"class":79},[65,13798,203],{"class":83},[65,13800,369],{"class":87},[65,13802,203],{"class":83},[65,13804,93],{"class":79},[65,13806,233],{"class":83},[65,13808,542],{"class":87},[65,13810,203],{"class":83},[65,13812,100],{"class":79},[65,13814,233],{"class":83},[65,13816,13622],{"class":87},[65,13818,203],{"class":83},[65,13820,93],{"class":79},[65,13822,3773],{"class":79},[65,13824,13631],{"class":96},[65,13826,100],{"class":79},[65,13828,13636],{"class":96},[65,13830,100],{"class":79},[65,13832,10262],{"class":96},[65,13834,13835],{"class":79},"]}\n",[65,13837,13838,13840,13842,13844,13846,13848,13850,13852,13854,13856,13858,13860,13862,13864,13866,13868,13870,13872,13874,13876,13878,13880],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,13839,13502],{"class":71},[65,13841,93],{"class":79},[65,13843,80],{"class":79},[65,13845,203],{"class":83},[65,13847,369],{"class":87},[65,13849,203],{"class":83},[65,13851,93],{"class":79},[65,13853,233],{"class":83},[65,13855,542],{"class":87},[65,13857,203],{"class":83},[65,13859,100],{"class":79},[65,13861,233],{"class":83},[65,13863,13622],{"class":87},[65,13865,203],{"class":83},[65,13867,93],{"class":79},[65,13869,3773],{"class":79},[65,13871,13631],{"class":96},[65,13873,100],{"class":79},[65,13875,13636],{"class":96},[65,13877,100],{"class":79},[65,13879,10262],{"class":96},[65,13881,13835],{"class":79},[65,13883,13884],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,13885,4195],{"class":4005},[65,13887,13888],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,13889,4134],{"class":4005},[20,13891,13892],{},"Notice the difference:",[30,13894,13895,13903],{},[33,13896,13897,4939,13900,13902],{},[15,13898,13899],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13901,3827],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[33,13904,13905,4939,13908,13910],{},[15,13906,13907],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13909,3753],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13912,13913],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13915,13916,13917,144],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[88,13918,13920],{"href":13919},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[51,13922,1553,13924],{"id":13923},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13925,12908],{},[20,13927,1309,13928,10745],{},[15,13929,12908],{},[30,13931,13932,13935,13938,13941],{},[33,13933,13934],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[33,13936,13937],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[33,13939,13940],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[33,13942,13943],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13945,350],{},[56,13947,13949],{"className":58,"code":13948,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13950,13951,13990,14006,14010,14030,14034,14053],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,13952,13953,13956,13958,13960,13962,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972,13974,13976,13978,13981,13983,13985,13988],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,13954,13955],{"class":71},"settings ",[65,13957,76],{"class":75},[65,13959,80],{"class":79},[65,13961,84],{"class":83},[65,13963,12630],{"class":87},[65,13965,84],{"class":83},[65,13967,93],{"class":79},[65,13969,103],{"class":83},[65,13971,12639],{"class":87},[65,13973,84],{"class":83},[65,13975,100],{"class":79},[65,13977,103],{"class":83},[65,13979,13980],{"class":87},"font_size",[65,13982,84],{"class":83},[65,13984,93],{"class":79},[65,13986,13987],{"class":96}," 14",[65,13989,130],{"class":79},[65,13991,13992,13995,13997,14000,14002,14004],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,13993,13994],{"class":71},"settings_backup ",[65,13996,76],{"class":75},[65,13998,13999],{"class":71}," settings",[65,14001,144],{"class":79},[65,14003,13041],{"class":147},[65,14005,151],{"class":79},[65,14007,14008],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,14009,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,14011,14012,14015,14017,14019,14021,14023,14025,14027],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,14013,14014],{"class":71},"settings",[65,14016,4054],{"class":79},[65,14018,84],{"class":83},[65,14020,13980],{"class":87},[65,14022,84],{"class":83},[65,14024,13402],{"class":79},[65,14026,13405],{"class":75},[65,14028,14029],{"class":96}," 16\n",[65,14031,14032],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,14033,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,14035,14036,14038,14040,14042,14045,14047,14049,14051],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,14037,165],{"class":164},[65,14039,168],{"class":79},[65,14041,84],{"class":83},[65,14043,14044],{"class":87},"Current:",[65,14046,84],{"class":83},[65,14048,100],{"class":79},[65,14050,13999],{"class":147},[65,14052,174],{"class":79},[65,14054,14055,14057,14059,14061,14064,14066,14068,14071],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,14056,165],{"class":164},[65,14058,168],{"class":79},[65,14060,84],{"class":83},[65,14062,14063],{"class":87},"Backup:",[65,14065,84],{"class":83},[65,14067,100],{"class":79},[65,14069,14070],{"class":147}," settings_backup",[65,14072,174],{"class":79},[20,14074,14075],{},[46,14076,191],{},[56,14078,14080],{"className":58,"code":14079,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14081,14082,14120],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,14083,14084,14087,14089,14091,14093,14095,14097,14099,14101,14103,14105,14107,14109,14111,14113,14115,14118],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,14085,14086],{"class":71},"Current",[65,14088,93],{"class":79},[65,14090,80],{"class":79},[65,14092,203],{"class":83},[65,14094,12630],{"class":87},[65,14096,203],{"class":83},[65,14098,93],{"class":79},[65,14100,233],{"class":83},[65,14102,12639],{"class":87},[65,14104,203],{"class":83},[65,14106,100],{"class":79},[65,14108,233],{"class":83},[65,14110,13980],{"class":87},[65,14112,203],{"class":83},[65,14114,93],{"class":79},[65,14116,14117],{"class":96}," 16",[65,14119,130],{"class":79},[65,14121,14122,14125,14127,14129,14131,14133,14135,14137,14139,14141,14143,14145,14147,14149,14151,14153,14155],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,14123,14124],{"class":71},"Backup",[65,14126,93],{"class":79},[65,14128,80],{"class":79},[65,14130,203],{"class":83},[65,14132,12630],{"class":87},[65,14134,203],{"class":83},[65,14136,93],{"class":79},[65,14138,233],{"class":83},[65,14140,12639],{"class":87},[65,14142,203],{"class":83},[65,14144,100],{"class":79},[65,14146,233],{"class":83},[65,14148,13980],{"class":87},[65,14150,203],{"class":83},[65,14152,93],{"class":79},[65,14154,13987],{"class":96},[65,14156,130],{"class":79},[20,14158,14159,14160,3024,14166,144],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[88,14161,14163],{"href":14162},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14164,14165],{},"dict.update()",[88,14167,14168],{"href":12954},[15,14169,11469],{},[51,14171,14173,14175],{"id":14172},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14174,12908],{}," vs assignment",[20,14177,14178],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14180,8569,14181,14183,14184,14186],{},[15,14182,76],{}," does ",[46,14185,1014],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1059,14188,14190],{"id":14189},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[56,14192,14194],{"className":58,"code":14193,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14195,14196,14228,14237,14241,14261,14265,14283,14303],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,14197,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206,14208,14210,14212,14214,14216,14218,14220,14222,14224,14226],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,14199,12221],{"class":71},[65,14201,76],{"class":75},[65,14203,80],{"class":79},[65,14205,84],{"class":83},[65,14207,931],{"class":87},[65,14209,84],{"class":83},[65,14211,93],{"class":79},[65,14213,97],{"class":96},[65,14215,100],{"class":79},[65,14217,103],{"class":83},[65,14219,944],{"class":87},[65,14221,84],{"class":83},[65,14223,93],{"class":79},[65,14225,113],{"class":96},[65,14227,130],{"class":79},[65,14229,14230,14233,14235],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,14231,14232],{"class":71},"assigned ",[65,14234,76],{"class":75},[65,14236,12259],{"class":71},[65,14238,14239],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,14240,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,14242,14243,14246,14248,14250,14252,14254,14256,14258],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,14244,14245],{"class":71},"assigned",[65,14247,4054],{"class":79},[65,14249,84],{"class":83},[65,14251,931],{"class":87},[65,14253,84],{"class":83},[65,14255,13402],{"class":79},[65,14257,13405],{"class":75},[65,14259,14260],{"class":96}," 99\n",[65,14262,14263],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,14264,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,14266,14267,14269,14271,14273,14275,14277,14279,14281],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,14268,165],{"class":164},[65,14270,168],{"class":79},[65,14272,84],{"class":83},[65,14274,13423],{"class":87},[65,14276,84],{"class":83},[65,14278,100],{"class":79},[65,14280,12296],{"class":147},[65,14282,174],{"class":79},[65,14284,14285,14287,14289,14291,14294,14296,14298,14301],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,14286,165],{"class":164},[65,14288,168],{"class":79},[65,14290,84],{"class":83},[65,14292,14293],{"class":87},"Assigned:",[65,14295,84],{"class":83},[65,14297,100],{"class":79},[65,14299,14300],{"class":147}," assigned",[65,14302,174],{"class":79},[65,14304,14305,14307,14309,14311,14313,14315],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,14306,165],{"class":164},[65,14308,168],{"class":79},[65,14310,12221],{"class":147},[65,14312,12329],{"class":1405},[65,14314,14300],{"class":147},[65,14316,174],{"class":79},[20,14318,14319],{},[46,14320,191],{},[56,14322,14324],{"className":58,"code":14323,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14325,14326,14358,14391],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,14327,14328,14330,14332,14334,14336,14338,14340,14342,14344,14346,14348,14350,14352,14354,14356],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,14329,13465],{"class":71},[65,14331,93],{"class":79},[65,14333,80],{"class":79},[65,14335,203],{"class":83},[65,14337,931],{"class":87},[65,14339,203],{"class":83},[65,14341,93],{"class":79},[65,14343,10341],{"class":96},[65,14345,100],{"class":79},[65,14347,233],{"class":83},[65,14349,944],{"class":87},[65,14351,203],{"class":83},[65,14353,93],{"class":79},[65,14355,113],{"class":96},[65,14357,130],{"class":79},[65,14359,14360,14363,14365,14367,14369,14371,14373,14375,14377,14379,14381,14383,14385,14387,14389],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,14361,14362],{"class":71},"Assigned",[65,14364,93],{"class":79},[65,14366,80],{"class":79},[65,14368,203],{"class":83},[65,14370,931],{"class":87},[65,14372,203],{"class":83},[65,14374,93],{"class":79},[65,14376,10341],{"class":96},[65,14378,100],{"class":79},[65,14380,233],{"class":83},[65,14382,944],{"class":87},[65,14384,203],{"class":83},[65,14386,93],{"class":79},[65,14388,113],{"class":96},[65,14390,130],{"class":79},[65,14392,14393],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,14394,4134],{"class":4005},[1059,14396,8569,14398],{"id":14397},"using-copy",[15,14399,12908],{},[56,14401,14403],{"className":58,"code":14402,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14404,14405,14437,14452,14456,14475,14479,14497,14517],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,14406,14407,14409,14411,14413,14415,14417,14419,14421,14423,14425,14427,14429,14431,14433,14435],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,14408,12221],{"class":71},[65,14410,76],{"class":75},[65,14412,80],{"class":79},[65,14414,84],{"class":83},[65,14416,931],{"class":87},[65,14418,84],{"class":83},[65,14420,93],{"class":79},[65,14422,97],{"class":96},[65,14424,100],{"class":79},[65,14426,103],{"class":83},[65,14428,944],{"class":87},[65,14430,84],{"class":83},[65,14432,93],{"class":79},[65,14434,113],{"class":96},[65,14436,130],{"class":79},[65,14438,14439,14442,14444,14446,14448,14450],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,14440,14441],{"class":71},"copied ",[65,14443,76],{"class":75},[65,14445,12296],{"class":71},[65,14447,144],{"class":79},[65,14449,13041],{"class":147},[65,14451,151],{"class":79},[65,14453,14454],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,14455,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,14457,14458,14461,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,14459,14460],{"class":71},"copied",[65,14462,4054],{"class":79},[65,14464,84],{"class":83},[65,14466,931],{"class":87},[65,14468,84],{"class":83},[65,14470,13402],{"class":79},[65,14472,13405],{"class":75},[65,14474,14260],{"class":96},[65,14476,14477],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,14478,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,14480,14481,14483,14485,14487,14489,14491,14493,14495],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,14482,165],{"class":164},[65,14484,168],{"class":79},[65,14486,84],{"class":83},[65,14488,13423],{"class":87},[65,14490,84],{"class":83},[65,14492,100],{"class":79},[65,14494,12296],{"class":147},[65,14496,174],{"class":79},[65,14498,14499,14501,14503,14505,14508,14510,14512,14515],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,14500,165],{"class":164},[65,14502,168],{"class":79},[65,14504,84],{"class":83},[65,14506,14507],{"class":87},"Copied:",[65,14509,84],{"class":83},[65,14511,100],{"class":79},[65,14513,14514],{"class":147}," copied",[65,14516,174],{"class":79},[65,14518,14519,14521,14523,14525,14527,14529],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,14520,165],{"class":164},[65,14522,168],{"class":79},[65,14524,12221],{"class":147},[65,14526,12329],{"class":1405},[65,14528,14514],{"class":147},[65,14530,174],{"class":79},[20,14532,14533],{},[46,14534,191],{},[56,14536,14538],{"className":58,"code":14537,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14539,14540,14572,14605],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,14541,14542,14544,14546,14548,14550,14552,14554,14556,14558,14560,14562,14564,14566,14568,14570],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,14543,13465],{"class":71},[65,14545,93],{"class":79},[65,14547,80],{"class":79},[65,14549,203],{"class":83},[65,14551,931],{"class":87},[65,14553,203],{"class":83},[65,14555,93],{"class":79},[65,14557,97],{"class":96},[65,14559,100],{"class":79},[65,14561,233],{"class":83},[65,14563,944],{"class":87},[65,14565,203],{"class":83},[65,14567,93],{"class":79},[65,14569,113],{"class":96},[65,14571,130],{"class":79},[65,14573,14574,14577,14579,14581,14583,14585,14587,14589,14591,14593,14595,14597,14599,14601,14603],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,14575,14576],{"class":71},"Copied",[65,14578,93],{"class":79},[65,14580,80],{"class":79},[65,14582,203],{"class":83},[65,14584,931],{"class":87},[65,14586,203],{"class":83},[65,14588,93],{"class":79},[65,14590,10341],{"class":96},[65,14592,100],{"class":79},[65,14594,233],{"class":83},[65,14596,944],{"class":87},[65,14598,203],{"class":83},[65,14600,93],{"class":79},[65,14602,113],{"class":96},[65,14604,130],{"class":79},[65,14606,14607],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,14608,4195],{"class":4005},[20,14610,14611],{},"Summary:",[30,14613,14614,14620],{},[33,14615,14616,14619],{},[15,14617,14618],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[33,14621,14622,14625],{},[15,14623,14624],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[51,14627,14629],{"id":14628},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14631,14632,93],{},[15,14633,12908],{},[30,14635,14636,14639,14642,14645],{},[33,14637,14638],{},"Returns a dictionary",[33,14640,14641],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[33,14643,14644],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[33,14646,14647],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14649,350],{},[56,14651,14653],{"className":58,"code":14652,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14654,14655,14687,14702,14706,14724,14744,14748,14766],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,14656,14657,14659,14661,14663,14665,14667,14669,14671,14673,14675,14677,14679,14681,14683,14685],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,14658,72],{"class":71},[65,14660,76],{"class":75},[65,14662,80],{"class":79},[65,14664,84],{"class":83},[65,14666,88],{"class":87},[65,14668,84],{"class":83},[65,14670,93],{"class":79},[65,14672,97],{"class":96},[65,14674,100],{"class":79},[65,14676,103],{"class":83},[65,14678,106],{"class":87},[65,14680,84],{"class":83},[65,14682,93],{"class":79},[65,14684,113],{"class":96},[65,14686,130],{"class":79},[65,14688,14689,14692,14694,14696,14698,14700],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,14690,14691],{"class":71},"data_copy ",[65,14693,76],{"class":75},[65,14695,141],{"class":71},[65,14697,144],{"class":79},[65,14699,13041],{"class":147},[65,14701,151],{"class":79},[65,14703,14704],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,14705,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,14707,14708,14710,14712,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,14709,184],{"class":71},[65,14711,4054],{"class":79},[65,14713,84],{"class":83},[65,14715,88],{"class":87},[65,14717,84],{"class":83},[65,14719,13402],{"class":79},[65,14721,13405],{"class":75},[65,14723,2733],{"class":96},[65,14725,14726,14729,14731,14733,14735,14737,14739,14741],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,14727,14728],{"class":71},"data_copy",[65,14730,4054],{"class":79},[65,14732,84],{"class":83},[65,14734,106],{"class":87},[65,14736,84],{"class":83},[65,14738,13402],{"class":79},[65,14740,13405],{"class":75},[65,14742,14743],{"class":96}," 20\n",[65,14745,14746],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,14747,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,14749,14750,14752,14754,14756,14758,14760,14762,14764],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,14751,165],{"class":164},[65,14753,168],{"class":79},[65,14755,84],{"class":83},[65,14757,13423],{"class":87},[65,14759,84],{"class":83},[65,14761,100],{"class":79},[65,14763,141],{"class":147},[65,14765,174],{"class":79},[65,14767,14768,14770,14772,14774,14776,14778,14780,14783],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,14769,165],{"class":164},[65,14771,168],{"class":79},[65,14773,84],{"class":83},[65,14775,13442],{"class":87},[65,14777,84],{"class":83},[65,14779,100],{"class":79},[65,14781,14782],{"class":147}," data_copy",[65,14784,174],{"class":79},[20,14786,14787],{},[46,14788,191],{},[56,14790,14792],{"className":58,"code":14791,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14793,14794,14826],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,14795,14796,14798,14800,14802,14804,14806,14808,14810,14812,14814,14816,14818,14820,14822,14824],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,14797,13465],{"class":71},[65,14799,93],{"class":79},[65,14801,80],{"class":79},[65,14803,203],{"class":83},[65,14805,88],{"class":87},[65,14807,203],{"class":83},[65,14809,93],{"class":79},[65,14811,6157],{"class":96},[65,14813,100],{"class":79},[65,14815,233],{"class":83},[65,14817,106],{"class":87},[65,14819,203],{"class":83},[65,14821,93],{"class":79},[65,14823,113],{"class":96},[65,14825,130],{"class":79},[65,14827,14828,14830,14832,14834,14836,14838,14840,14842,14844,14846,14848,14850,14852,14854,14856],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,14829,13502],{"class":71},[65,14831,93],{"class":79},[65,14833,80],{"class":79},[65,14835,203],{"class":83},[65,14837,88],{"class":87},[65,14839,203],{"class":83},[65,14841,93],{"class":79},[65,14843,97],{"class":96},[65,14845,100],{"class":79},[65,14847,233],{"class":83},[65,14849,106],{"class":87},[65,14851,203],{"class":83},[65,14853,93],{"class":79},[65,14855,7940],{"class":96},[65,14857,130],{"class":79},[51,14859,1766],{"id":1765},[20,14861,1769,14862,93],{},[15,14863,12570],{},[30,14865,14866,14873,14878,14883],{},[33,14867,8569,14868,11237,14870,14872],{},[15,14869,76],{},[15,14871,12908],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[33,14874,4736,14875,14877],{},[15,14876,12908],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[33,14879,14880,14881],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14882,12908],{},[33,14884,14885],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14887,14888],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[56,14890,14892],{"className":58,"code":14891,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14893,14894,14904,14914,14928,14951,14973],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,14895,14896,14898,14900,14902],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,14897,165],{"class":164},[65,14899,168],{"class":79},[65,14901,12268],{"class":147},[65,14903,174],{"class":79},[65,14905,14906,14908,14910,14912],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,14907,165],{"class":164},[65,14909,168],{"class":79},[65,14911,14460],{"class":147},[65,14913,174],{"class":79},[65,14915,14916,14918,14920,14922,14924,14926],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,14917,165],{"class":164},[65,14919,168],{"class":79},[65,14921,12221],{"class":147},[65,14923,12329],{"class":1405},[65,14925,14514],{"class":147},[65,14927,174],{"class":79},[65,14929,14930,14932,14934,14936,14938,14940,14942,14945,14947,14949],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,14931,165],{"class":164},[65,14933,168],{"class":79},[65,14935,12783],{"class":164},[65,14937,168],{"class":79},[65,14939,12268],{"class":147},[65,14941,9383],{"class":79},[65,14943,14944],{"class":164}," id",[65,14946,168],{"class":79},[65,14948,14460],{"class":147},[65,14950,1870],{"class":79},[65,14952,14953,14955,14957,14959,14961,14963,14965,14967,14969,14971],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,14954,165],{"class":164},[65,14956,168],{"class":79},[65,14958,12783],{"class":164},[65,14960,168],{"class":79},[65,14962,12268],{"class":147},[65,14964,4054],{"class":79},[65,14966,84],{"class":83},[65,14968,487],{"class":87},[65,14970,84],{"class":83},[65,14972,3146],{"class":79},[65,14974,14975,14977,14979,14981,14983,14985,14987,14989,14991,14993],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,14976,165],{"class":164},[65,14978,168],{"class":79},[65,14980,12783],{"class":164},[65,14982,168],{"class":79},[65,14984,14460],{"class":147},[65,14986,4054],{"class":79},[65,14988,84],{"class":83},[65,14990,487],{"class":87},[65,14992,84],{"class":83},[65,14994,3146],{"class":79},[20,14996,14997],{},"What these help you check:",[30,14999,15000,15003,15006],{},[33,15001,15002],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[33,15004,15005],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[33,15007,15008],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15010,15011,15012,144],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[88,15013,15015],{"href":15014},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[51,15017,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,15019,1966,15021,1993],{"id":15020},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15022,12570],{},[20,15024,15025],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1059,15027,15029,15030,15032],{"id":15028},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,15031,12570],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15034,15035],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1059,15037,5330,15039,1048,15041,2637],{"id":15038},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15040,12908],{},[15,15042,76],{},[20,15044,15045,15047,15048,15050],{},[15,15046,12908],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15049,76],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1059,15052,15054],{"id":15053},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15056,15057],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[51,15059,2015],{"id":2014},[30,15061,15062,15066,15070,15074,15081,15087],{},[33,15063,15064],{},[88,15065,11387],{"href":13156},[33,15067,15068],{},[88,15069,9307],{"href":13153},[33,15071,15072],{},[88,15073,13920],{"href":13919},[33,15075,15076],{},[88,15077,10881,15078,10885],{"href":14162},[15,15079,15080],{},"update()",[33,15082,15083],{},[88,15084,10881,15085,10885],{"href":12954},[15,15086,2050],{},[33,15088,15089],{},[88,15090,15091],{"href":15014},"How to copy a list in Python",[2071,15093,15094],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":15096},[15097,15098,15100,15101,15102,15103,15105,15111,15112,15113,15122],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":13125,"depth":133,"text":15099},"What the copy() method does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506},{"id":13562,"depth":133,"text":13563},{"id":13923,"depth":133,"text":15104},"When to use copy()",{"id":14172,"depth":133,"text":15106,"children":15107},"copy() vs assignment",[15108,15109],{"id":14189,"depth":154,"text":14190},{"id":14397,"depth":154,"text":15110},"Using copy()",{"id":14628,"depth":133,"text":14629},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":15114},[15115,15117,15119,15121],{"id":15020,"depth":154,"text":15116},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15028,"depth":154,"text":15118},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15038,"depth":154,"text":15120},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15053,"depth":154,"text":15054},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12960,"description":15123},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15130,"title":15131,"body":15132,"description":17317,"extension":2111,"meta":17318,"navigation":157,"path":13156,"seo":17319,"stem":17320,"__hash__":17321},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15133,"toc":17279},[15134,15137,15143,15152,15154,15230,15234,15283,15286,15290,15304,15307,15311,15324,15327,15360,15374,15377,15389,15393,15396,15404,15484,15488,15541,15545,15563,15565,15643,15646,15648,15651,15654,15677,15701,15705,15713,15716,15720,15728,15733,15791,15795,15828,15834,15840,15843,15898,15902,15952,15955,15961,15964,15972,15974,16019,16024,16033,16036,16039,16086,16088,16093,16096,16190,16194,16247,16250,16306,16309,16313,16316,16330,16334,16400,16404,16429,16432,16436,16514,16518,16521,16524,16544,16547,16599,16603,16606,16609,16622,16624,16713,16719,16722,16733,16735,16738,16758,16762,16765,16774,16777,16816,16820,16822,16831,16840,16842,16880,16884,16931,16935,16956,16960,16963,17075,17080,17178,17193,17195,17199,17206,17210,17216,17220,17223,17227,17230,17237,17245,17247,17273,17276],[10,15135,15131],{"id":15136},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15138,15139,15140,15142],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[46,15141,9283],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15144,15145,15146,3024,15148,144],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[88,15147,9307],{"href":9306},[88,15149,15151],{"href":15150},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[51,15153,54],{"id":53},[56,15155,15157],{"className":58,"code":15156,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15158,15159,15167,15185,15199,15212,15216,15220],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15160,15161,15163,15165],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15162,12994],{"class":71},[65,15164,76],{"class":75},[65,15166,1589],{"class":79},[65,15168,15169,15171,15173,15175,15177,15179,15181,15183],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,15170,1594],{"class":83},[65,15172,369],{"class":87},[65,15174,84],{"class":83},[65,15176,93],{"class":79},[65,15178,103],{"class":83},[65,15180,542],{"class":87},[65,15182,84],{"class":83},[65,15184,1611],{"class":79},[65,15186,15187,15189,15191,15193,15195,15197],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,15188,1594],{"class":83},[65,15190,387],{"class":87},[65,15192,84],{"class":83},[65,15194,93],{"class":79},[65,15196,7940],{"class":96},[65,15198,1611],{"class":79},[65,15200,15201,15203,15206,15208,15210],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,15202,1594],{"class":83},[65,15204,15205],{"class":87},"is_active",[65,15207,84],{"class":83},[65,15209,93],{"class":79},[65,15211,6575],{"class":4005},[65,15213,15214],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,15215,130],{"class":79},[65,15217,15218],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,15219,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,15221,15222,15224,15226,15228],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,15223,165],{"class":164},[65,15225,168],{"class":79},[65,15227,13755],{"class":147},[65,15229,174],{"class":79},[20,15231,15232],{},[46,15233,191],{},[56,15235,15237],{"className":58,"code":15236,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15238,15239],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15240,15241,15243,15245,15247,15249,15251,15253,15255,15257,15259,15261,15263,15265,15267,15269,15271,15273,15275,15277,15279,15281],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15242,218],{"class":79},[65,15244,203],{"class":83},[65,15246,369],{"class":87},[65,15248,203],{"class":83},[65,15250,93],{"class":79},[65,15252,233],{"class":83},[65,15254,542],{"class":87},[65,15256,203],{"class":83},[65,15258,100],{"class":79},[65,15260,233],{"class":83},[65,15262,387],{"class":87},[65,15264,203],{"class":83},[65,15266,93],{"class":79},[65,15268,7940],{"class":96},[65,15270,100],{"class":79},[65,15272,233],{"class":83},[65,15274,15205],{"class":87},[65,15276,203],{"class":83},[65,15278,93],{"class":79},[65,15280,4070],{"class":4005},[65,15282,130],{"class":79},[20,15284,15285],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[51,15287,15289],{"id":15288},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[30,15291,15292,15295,15298,15301],{},[33,15293,15294],{},"What a dictionary is",[33,15296,15297],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[33,15299,15300],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[33,15302,15303],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[51,15305,15294],{"id":15306},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15308,9280,15309,144],{},[46,15310,9283],{},[30,15312,15313,15319],{},[33,15314,15315,15316,15318],{},"A ",[46,15317,487],{}," is the label",[33,15320,15315,15321,15323],{},[46,15322,1714],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15325,15326],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[56,15328,15330],{"className":58,"code":15329,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15331,15332,15340,15356],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15333,15334,15336,15338],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15335,12994],{"class":71},[65,15337,76],{"class":75},[65,15339,1589],{"class":79},[65,15341,15342,15344,15346,15348,15350,15352,15354],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,15343,1594],{"class":83},[65,15345,369],{"class":87},[65,15347,84],{"class":83},[65,15349,93],{"class":79},[65,15351,103],{"class":83},[65,15353,542],{"class":87},[65,15355,1650],{"class":83},[65,15357,15358],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,15359,130],{"class":79},[30,15361,15362,15368],{},[33,15363,15364,15367],{},[15,15365,15366],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[33,15369,15370,15373],{},[15,15371,15372],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15375,15376],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[30,15378,15379,15381,15383,15386],{},[33,15380,369],{},[33,15382,387],{},[33,15384,15385],{},"email",[33,15387,15388],{},"country",[51,15390,15392],{"id":15391},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15394,15395],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15397,1309,15398,15400,15401,144],{},[15,15399,3944],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15402,15403],{},"key: value",[56,15405,15407],{"className":58,"code":15406,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15408,15409,15417,15435,15449,15466,15470,15474],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15410,15411,15413,15415],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15412,12994],{"class":71},[65,15414,76],{"class":75},[65,15416,1589],{"class":79},[65,15418,15419,15421,15423,15425,15427,15429,15431,15433],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,15420,1594],{"class":83},[65,15422,369],{"class":87},[65,15424,84],{"class":83},[65,15426,93],{"class":79},[65,15428,103],{"class":83},[65,15430,542],{"class":87},[65,15432,84],{"class":83},[65,15434,1611],{"class":79},[65,15436,15437,15439,15441,15443,15445,15447],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,15438,1594],{"class":83},[65,15440,387],{"class":87},[65,15442,84],{"class":83},[65,15444,93],{"class":79},[65,15446,7940],{"class":96},[65,15448,1611],{"class":79},[65,15450,15451,15453,15456,15458,15460,15462,15464],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,15452,1594],{"class":83},[65,15454,15455],{"class":87},"course",[65,15457,84],{"class":83},[65,15459,93],{"class":79},[65,15461,103],{"class":83},[65,15463,7446],{"class":87},[65,15465,1650],{"class":83},[65,15467,15468],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,15469,130],{"class":79},[65,15471,15472],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,15473,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,15475,15476,15478,15480,15482],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,15477,165],{"class":164},[65,15479,168],{"class":79},[65,15481,13755],{"class":147},[65,15483,174],{"class":79},[20,15485,15486],{},[46,15487,191],{},[56,15489,15491],{"className":58,"code":15490,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15492,15493],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15494,15495,15497,15499,15501,15503,15505,15507,15509,15511,15513,15515,15517,15519,15521,15523,15525,15527,15529,15531,15533,15535,15537,15539],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15496,218],{"class":79},[65,15498,203],{"class":83},[65,15500,369],{"class":87},[65,15502,203],{"class":83},[65,15504,93],{"class":79},[65,15506,233],{"class":83},[65,15508,542],{"class":87},[65,15510,203],{"class":83},[65,15512,100],{"class":79},[65,15514,233],{"class":83},[65,15516,387],{"class":87},[65,15518,203],{"class":83},[65,15520,93],{"class":79},[65,15522,7940],{"class":96},[65,15524,100],{"class":79},[65,15526,233],{"class":83},[65,15528,15455],{"class":87},[65,15530,203],{"class":83},[65,15532,93],{"class":79},[65,15534,233],{"class":83},[65,15536,7446],{"class":87},[65,15538,203],{"class":83},[65,15540,130],{"class":79},[1059,15542,15544],{"id":15543},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[30,15546,15547,15552,15557,15560],{},[33,15548,1309,15549,15551],{},[15,15550,3944],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[33,15553,15554,15555],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15556,15403],{},[33,15558,15559],{},"Separate items with commas",[33,15561,15562],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15564,350],{},[56,15566,15568],{"className":58,"code":15567,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15569,15570,15578,15596,15611,15624,15628,15632],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15571,15572,15574,15576],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15573,720],{"class":71},[65,15575,76],{"class":75},[65,15577,1589],{"class":79},[65,15579,15580,15582,15584,15586,15588,15590,15592,15594],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,15581,1594],{"class":83},[65,15583,729],{"class":87},[65,15585,84],{"class":83},[65,15587,93],{"class":79},[65,15589,103],{"class":83},[65,15591,738],{"class":87},[65,15593,84],{"class":83},[65,15595,1611],{"class":79},[65,15597,15598,15600,15602,15604,15606,15609],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,15599,1594],{"class":83},[65,15601,747],{"class":87},[65,15603,84],{"class":83},[65,15605,93],{"class":79},[65,15607,15608],{"class":96}," 150",[65,15610,1611],{"class":79},[65,15612,15613,15615,15618,15620,15622],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,15614,1594],{"class":83},[65,15616,15617],{"class":87},"available",[65,15619,84],{"class":83},[65,15621,93],{"class":79},[65,15623,6575],{"class":4005},[65,15625,15626],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,15627,130],{"class":79},[65,15629,15630],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,15631,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,15633,15634,15636,15638,15641],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,15635,165],{"class":164},[65,15637,168],{"class":79},[65,15639,15640],{"class":147},"book",[65,15642,174],{"class":79},[20,15644,15645],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[51,15647,9548],{"id":9547},[20,15649,15650],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15652,15653],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[56,15655,15657],{"className":58,"code":15656,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15658,15659,15667],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15660,15661,15663,15665],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15662,72],{"class":71},[65,15664,76],{"class":75},[65,15666,1343],{"class":79},[65,15668,15669,15671,15673,15675],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,15670,165],{"class":164},[65,15672,168],{"class":79},[65,15674,184],{"class":147},[65,15676,174],{"class":79},[56,15678,15679],{"className":58,"code":9551,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,15680,15681,15691],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15682,15683,15685,15687,15689],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15684,72],{"class":71},[65,15686,76],{"class":75},[65,15688,9321],{"class":1368},[65,15690,151],{"class":79},[65,15692,15693,15695,15697,15699],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,15694,165],{"class":164},[65,15696,168],{"class":79},[65,15698,184],{"class":147},[65,15700,174],{"class":79},[20,15702,15703],{},[46,15704,191],{},[56,15706,15707],{"className":58,"code":9580,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,15708,15709],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15710,15711],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15712,9580],{"class":79},[20,15714,15715],{},"Both are correct.",[1059,15717,15719],{"id":15718},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15721,15722,15724,15725,15727],{},[15,15723,3944],{}," creates an empty ",[46,15726,293],{},", not an empty set.",[20,15729,15730,15731,144],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15732,3949],{},[56,15734,15736],{"className":58,"code":15735,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15737,15738,15746,15758,15762,15776],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15739,15740,15742,15744],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15741,11861],{"class":71},[65,15743,76],{"class":75},[65,15745,1343],{"class":79},[65,15747,15748,15751,15753,15756],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,15749,15750],{"class":71},"my_set ",[65,15752,76],{"class":75},[65,15754,15755],{"class":1368}," set",[65,15757,151],{"class":79},[65,15759,15760],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,15761,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,15763,15764,15766,15768,15770,15772,15774],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,15765,165],{"class":164},[65,15767,168],{"class":79},[65,15769,3370],{"class":1368},[65,15771,168],{"class":79},[65,15773,1852],{"class":147},[65,15775,1870],{"class":79},[65,15777,15778,15780,15782,15784,15786,15789],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,15779,165],{"class":164},[65,15781,168],{"class":79},[65,15783,3370],{"class":1368},[65,15785,168],{"class":79},[65,15787,15788],{"class":147},"my_set",[65,15790,1870],{"class":79},[20,15792,15793],{},[46,15794,191],{},[56,15796,15798],{"className":58,"code":15797,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15799,15800,15814],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15801,15802,15804,15806,15808,15810,15812],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15803,3439],{"class":75},[65,15805,3442],{"class":1696},[65,15807,233],{"class":83},[65,15809,8972],{"class":87},[65,15811,203],{"class":83},[65,15813,3451],{"class":75},[65,15815,15816,15818,15820,15822,15824,15826],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,15817,3439],{"class":75},[65,15819,3442],{"class":1696},[65,15821,233],{"class":83},[65,15823,6440],{"class":87},[65,15825,203],{"class":83},[65,15827,3451],{"class":75},[51,15829,15831,15832],{"id":15830},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15833,9271],{},[20,15835,15836,15837,15839],{},"You can also use ",[15,15838,9271],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15841,15842],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[56,15844,15846],{"className":58,"code":15845,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15847,15848,15888],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15849,15850,15852,15854,15856,15858,15860,15862,15864,15866,15868,15870,15872,15874,15877,15879,15882,15884,15886],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15851,12994],{"class":71},[65,15853,76],{"class":75},[65,15855,9321],{"class":1368},[65,15857,168],{"class":79},[65,15859,369],{"class":9326},[65,15861,76],{"class":75},[65,15863,84],{"class":83},[65,15865,542],{"class":87},[65,15867,84],{"class":83},[65,15869,100],{"class":79},[65,15871,9339],{"class":9326},[65,15873,76],{"class":75},[65,15875,15876],{"class":96},"20",[65,15878,100],{"class":79},[65,15880,15881],{"class":9326}," active",[65,15883,76],{"class":75},[65,15885,3753],{"class":4005},[65,15887,174],{"class":79},[65,15889,15890,15892,15894,15896],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,15891,165],{"class":164},[65,15893,168],{"class":79},[65,15895,13755],{"class":147},[65,15897,174],{"class":79},[20,15899,15900],{},[46,15901,191],{},[56,15903,15905],{"className":58,"code":15904,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15906,15907],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15908,15909,15911,15913,15915,15917,15919,15921,15923,15925,15927,15929,15931,15933,15935,15937,15939,15941,15944,15946,15948,15950],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15910,218],{"class":79},[65,15912,203],{"class":83},[65,15914,369],{"class":87},[65,15916,203],{"class":83},[65,15918,93],{"class":79},[65,15920,233],{"class":83},[65,15922,542],{"class":87},[65,15924,203],{"class":83},[65,15926,100],{"class":79},[65,15928,233],{"class":83},[65,15930,387],{"class":87},[65,15932,203],{"class":83},[65,15934,93],{"class":79},[65,15936,7940],{"class":96},[65,15938,100],{"class":79},[65,15940,233],{"class":83},[65,15942,15943],{"class":87},"active",[65,15945,203],{"class":83},[65,15947,93],{"class":79},[65,15949,4070],{"class":4005},[65,15951,130],{"class":79},[20,15953,15954],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1059,15956,15958,15959],{"id":15957},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15960,9271],{},[20,15962,15963],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[30,15965,15966,15969],{},[33,15967,15968],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[33,15970,15971],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15973,6838],{},[56,15975,15977],{"className":58,"code":15976,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15978,15979,16009],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,15980,15981,15983,15985,15987,15989,15991,15993,15995,15997,15999,16001,16003,16005,16007],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,15982,11627],{"class":71},[65,15984,76],{"class":75},[65,15986,9321],{"class":1368},[65,15988,168],{"class":79},[65,15990,369],{"class":9326},[65,15992,76],{"class":75},[65,15994,84],{"class":83},[65,15996,7826],{"class":87},[65,15998,84],{"class":83},[65,16000,100],{"class":79},[65,16002,9339],{"class":9326},[65,16004,76],{"class":75},[65,16006,9344],{"class":96},[65,16008,174],{"class":79},[65,16010,16011,16013,16015,16017],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,16012,165],{"class":164},[65,16014,168],{"class":79},[65,16016,11718],{"class":147},[65,16018,174],{"class":79},[20,16020,4785,16021,16023],{},[46,16022,1014],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[56,16025,16027],{"className":58,"code":16026,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16028,16029],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16030,16031],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16032,16026],{"class":3816},[20,16034,16035],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16037,16038],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[56,16040,16042],{"className":58,"code":16041,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16043,16044,16052,16068,16072,16076],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16045,16046,16048,16050],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16047,11627],{"class":71},[65,16049,76],{"class":75},[65,16051,1589],{"class":79},[65,16053,16054,16056,16058,16060,16062,16064,16066],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,16055,1594],{"class":83},[65,16057,10639],{"class":87},[65,16059,84],{"class":83},[65,16061,93],{"class":79},[65,16063,103],{"class":83},[65,16065,7826],{"class":87},[65,16067,1650],{"class":83},[65,16069,16070],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,16071,130],{"class":79},[65,16073,16074],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,16075,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,16077,16078,16080,16082,16084],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,16079,165],{"class":164},[65,16081,168],{"class":79},[65,16083,11718],{"class":147},[65,16085,174],{"class":79},[51,16087,9590],{"id":9589},[20,16089,16090,16092],{},[15,16091,9271],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16094,16095],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[56,16097,16099],{"className":58,"code":16098,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16100,16101,16158,16162,16176,16180],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16102,16103,16105,16107,16109,16111,16113,16115,16117,16119,16121,16123,16125,16127,16129,16131,16133,16135,16137,16139,16141,16143,16145,16147,16149,16151,16154,16156],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16104,9365],{"class":71},[65,16106,76],{"class":75},[65,16108,9370],{"class":79},[65,16110,84],{"class":83},[65,16112,369],{"class":87},[65,16114,84],{"class":83},[65,16116,100],{"class":79},[65,16118,103],{"class":83},[65,16120,542],{"class":87},[65,16122,84],{"class":83},[65,16124,9383],{"class":79},[65,16126,648],{"class":79},[65,16128,84],{"class":83},[65,16130,387],{"class":87},[65,16132,84],{"class":83},[65,16134,100],{"class":79},[65,16136,7940],{"class":96},[65,16138,9383],{"class":79},[65,16140,648],{"class":79},[65,16142,84],{"class":83},[65,16144,10553],{"class":87},[65,16146,84],{"class":83},[65,16148,100],{"class":79},[65,16150,103],{"class":83},[65,16152,16153],{"class":87},"Lima",[65,16155,84],{"class":83},[65,16157,9398],{"class":79},[65,16159,16160],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,16161,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,16163,16164,16166,16168,16170,16172,16174],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,16165,12994],{"class":71},[65,16167,76],{"class":75},[65,16169,9321],{"class":1368},[65,16171,168],{"class":79},[65,16173,9411],{"class":147},[65,16175,174],{"class":79},[65,16177,16178],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,16179,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,16181,16182,16184,16186,16188],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,16183,165],{"class":164},[65,16185,168],{"class":79},[65,16187,13755],{"class":147},[65,16189,174],{"class":79},[20,16191,16192],{},[46,16193,191],{},[56,16195,16197],{"className":58,"code":16196,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16198,16199],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16200,16201,16203,16205,16207,16209,16211,16213,16215,16217,16219,16221,16223,16225,16227,16229,16231,16233,16235,16237,16239,16241,16243,16245],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16202,218],{"class":79},[65,16204,203],{"class":83},[65,16206,369],{"class":87},[65,16208,203],{"class":83},[65,16210,93],{"class":79},[65,16212,233],{"class":83},[65,16214,542],{"class":87},[65,16216,203],{"class":83},[65,16218,100],{"class":79},[65,16220,233],{"class":83},[65,16222,387],{"class":87},[65,16224,203],{"class":83},[65,16226,93],{"class":79},[65,16228,7940],{"class":96},[65,16230,100],{"class":79},[65,16232,233],{"class":83},[65,16234,10553],{"class":87},[65,16236,203],{"class":83},[65,16238,93],{"class":79},[65,16240,233],{"class":83},[65,16242,16153],{"class":87},[65,16244,203],{"class":83},[65,16246,130],{"class":79},[20,16248,16249],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[56,16251,16253],{"className":58,"code":16252,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16254,16255,16296],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16256,16257,16259,16261,16263,16266,16268,16270,16272,16274,16276,16278,16280,16282,16284,16286,16288,16290,16292,16294],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16258,12994],{"class":71},[65,16260,76],{"class":75},[65,16262,9321],{"class":1368},[65,16264,16265],{"class":79},"(((",[65,16267,84],{"class":83},[65,16269,369],{"class":87},[65,16271,84],{"class":83},[65,16273,100],{"class":79},[65,16275,103],{"class":83},[65,16277,542],{"class":87},[65,16279,84],{"class":83},[65,16281,9383],{"class":79},[65,16283,648],{"class":79},[65,16285,84],{"class":83},[65,16287,387],{"class":87},[65,16289,84],{"class":83},[65,16291,100],{"class":79},[65,16293,7940],{"class":96},[65,16295,3058],{"class":79},[65,16297,16298,16300,16302,16304],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,16299,165],{"class":164},[65,16301,168],{"class":79},[65,16303,13755],{"class":147},[65,16305,174],{"class":79},[20,16307,16308],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[51,16310,16312],{"id":16311},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16314,16315],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[30,16317,16318,16321,16324,16327],{},[33,16319,16320],{},"Keys must be unique",[33,16322,16323],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[33,16325,16326],{},"Values can repeat",[33,16328,16329],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1059,16331,16333],{"id":16332},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[56,16335,16337],{"className":58,"code":16336,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16338,16339,16347,16365,16382,16386,16390],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16340,16341,16343,16345],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16342,72],{"class":71},[65,16344,76],{"class":75},[65,16346,1589],{"class":79},[65,16348,16349,16351,16353,16355,16357,16359,16361,16363],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,16350,1594],{"class":83},[65,16352,369],{"class":87},[65,16354,84],{"class":83},[65,16356,93],{"class":79},[65,16358,103],{"class":83},[65,16360,542],{"class":87},[65,16362,84],{"class":83},[65,16364,1611],{"class":79},[65,16366,16367,16369,16371,16373,16375,16377,16380],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,16368,1594],{"class":83},[65,16370,369],{"class":87},[65,16372,84],{"class":83},[65,16374,93],{"class":79},[65,16376,103],{"class":83},[65,16378,16379],{"class":87},"Maria",[65,16381,1650],{"class":83},[65,16383,16384],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,16385,130],{"class":79},[65,16387,16388],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,16389,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,16391,16392,16394,16396,16398],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,16393,165],{"class":164},[65,16395,168],{"class":79},[65,16397,184],{"class":147},[65,16399,174],{"class":79},[20,16401,16402],{},[46,16403,191],{},[56,16405,16407],{"className":58,"code":16406,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16408,16409],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16410,16411,16413,16415,16417,16419,16421,16423,16425,16427],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16412,218],{"class":79},[65,16414,203],{"class":83},[65,16416,369],{"class":87},[65,16418,203],{"class":83},[65,16420,93],{"class":79},[65,16422,233],{"class":83},[65,16424,16379],{"class":87},[65,16426,203],{"class":83},[65,16428,130],{"class":79},[20,16430,16431],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1059,16433,16435],{"id":16434},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[56,16437,16439],{"className":58,"code":16438,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16440,16441,16449,16465,16481,16495,16499,16503],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16442,16443,16445,16447],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16444,519],{"class":71},[65,16446,76],{"class":75},[65,16448,1589],{"class":79},[65,16450,16451,16454,16456,16458,16461,16463],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,16452,16453],{"class":96},"    1",[65,16455,93],{"class":79},[65,16457,103],{"class":83},[65,16459,16460],{"class":87},"low",[65,16462,84],{"class":83},[65,16464,1611],{"class":79},[65,16466,16467,16470,16472,16474,16477,16479],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,16468,16469],{"class":96},"    2",[65,16471,93],{"class":79},[65,16473,103],{"class":83},[65,16475,16476],{"class":87},"medium",[65,16478,84],{"class":83},[65,16480,1611],{"class":79},[65,16482,16483,16486,16488,16490,16493],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,16484,16485],{"class":96},"    3",[65,16487,93],{"class":79},[65,16489,103],{"class":83},[65,16491,16492],{"class":87},"high",[65,16494,1650],{"class":83},[65,16496,16497],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,16498,130],{"class":79},[65,16500,16501],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,16502,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,16504,16505,16507,16509,16512],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,16506,165],{"class":164},[65,16508,168],{"class":79},[65,16510,16511],{"class":147},"scores",[65,16513,174],{"class":79},[1059,16515,16517],{"id":16516},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16519,16520],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16522,16523],{},"This will cause an error:",[56,16525,16527],{"className":58,"code":16526,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16528,16529,16534,16539],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16530,16531],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16532,16533],{"class":3816},"# bad = {\n",[65,16535,16536],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,16537,16538],{"class":3816},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[65,16540,16541],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,16542,16543],{"class":3816},"# }\n",[20,16545,16546],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[56,16548,16550],{"className":58,"code":16549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16551,16552,16561,16580,16584,16588],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16553,16554,16557,16559],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16555,16556],{"class":71},"good ",[65,16558,76],{"class":75},[65,16560,1589],{"class":79},[65,16562,16563,16566,16568,16570,16572,16574,16576,16578],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,16564,16565],{"class":79},"    (",[65,16567,3135],{"class":96},[65,16569,100],{"class":79},[65,16571,113],{"class":96},[65,16573,1287],{"class":79},[65,16575,103],{"class":83},[65,16577,3800],{"class":87},[65,16579,1650],{"class":83},[65,16581,16582],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,16583,130],{"class":79},[65,16585,16586],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,16587,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,16589,16590,16592,16594,16597],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,16591,165],{"class":164},[65,16593,168],{"class":79},[65,16595,16596],{"class":147},"good",[65,16598,174],{"class":79},[51,16600,16602],{"id":16601},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16604,16605],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16607,16608],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[30,16610,16611,16614,16616,16619],{},[33,16612,16613],{},"user data",[33,16615,14014],{},[33,16617,16618],{},"counters",[33,16620,16621],{},"lookups",[20,16623,350],{},[56,16625,16627],{"className":58,"code":16626,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16628,16629,16637,16656,16675,16687,16691,16695],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16630,16631,16633,16635],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16632,11627],{"class":71},[65,16634,76],{"class":75},[65,16636,1589],{"class":79},[65,16638,16639,16641,16643,16645,16647,16649,16652,16654],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,16640,1594],{"class":83},[65,16642,8136],{"class":87},[65,16644,84],{"class":83},[65,16646,93],{"class":79},[65,16648,103],{"class":83},[65,16650,16651],{"class":87},"ana123",[65,16653,84],{"class":83},[65,16655,1611],{"class":79},[65,16657,16658,16660,16662,16664,16666,16668,16671,16673],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,16659,1594],{"class":83},[65,16661,15385],{"class":87},[65,16663,84],{"class":83},[65,16665,93],{"class":79},[65,16667,103],{"class":83},[65,16669,16670],{"class":87},"ana@example.com",[65,16672,84],{"class":83},[65,16674,1611],{"class":79},[65,16676,16677,16679,16681,16683,16685],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,16678,1594],{"class":83},[65,16680,12650],{"class":87},[65,16682,84],{"class":83},[65,16684,93],{"class":79},[65,16686,6575],{"class":4005},[65,16688,16689],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,16690,130],{"class":79},[65,16692,16693],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,16694,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,16696,16697,16699,16701,16703,16705,16707,16709,16711],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,16698,165],{"class":164},[65,16700,168],{"class":79},[65,16702,11718],{"class":147},[65,16704,4054],{"class":79},[65,16706,84],{"class":83},[65,16708,15385],{"class":87},[65,16710,84],{"class":83},[65,16712,4042],{"class":79},[20,16714,16715,16716,144],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[88,16717,16718],{"href":2061},"how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16720,16721],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[30,16723,16724,16727,16730],{},[33,16725,16726],{},"labels are not needed",[33,16728,16729],{},"you mostly care about position",[33,16731,16732],{},"order matters more than named fields",[51,16734,1766],{"id":1765},[20,16736,16737],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[30,16739,16740,16743,16746,16749,16752],{},[33,16741,16742],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[33,16744,16745],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[33,16747,16748],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[33,16750,16751],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[33,16753,16754,16755,16757],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16756,3944],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1059,16759,16761],{"id":16760},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16763,16764],{},"Wrong:",[56,16766,16768],{"className":58,"code":16767,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16769,16770],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16771,16772],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16773,16767],{"class":3816},[20,16775,16776],{},"Correct:",[56,16778,16780],{"className":58,"code":16779,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16781,16782,16806],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16783,16784,16786,16788,16790,16792,16794,16796,16798,16800,16802,16804],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16785,12994],{"class":71},[65,16787,76],{"class":75},[65,16789,80],{"class":79},[65,16791,84],{"class":83},[65,16793,369],{"class":87},[65,16795,84],{"class":83},[65,16797,93],{"class":79},[65,16799,103],{"class":83},[65,16801,542],{"class":87},[65,16803,84],{"class":83},[65,16805,130],{"class":79},[65,16807,16808,16810,16812,16814],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,16809,165],{"class":164},[65,16811,168],{"class":79},[65,16813,13755],{"class":147},[65,16815,174],{"class":79},[1059,16817,16819],{"id":16818},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16821,16764],{},[56,16823,16825],{"className":58,"code":16824,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16826,16827],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16828,16829],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16830,16824],{"class":3816},[20,16832,16833,16834,16836,16837,16839],{},"This only works if ",[15,16835,369],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16838,15366],{},", use quotes.",[20,16841,16776],{},[56,16843,16844],{"className":58,"code":16779,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,16845,16846,16870],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16847,16848,16850,16852,16854,16856,16858,16860,16862,16864,16866,16868],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16849,12994],{"class":71},[65,16851,76],{"class":75},[65,16853,80],{"class":79},[65,16855,84],{"class":83},[65,16857,369],{"class":87},[65,16859,84],{"class":83},[65,16861,93],{"class":79},[65,16863,103],{"class":83},[65,16865,542],{"class":87},[65,16867,84],{"class":83},[65,16869,130],{"class":79},[65,16871,16872,16874,16876,16878],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,16873,165],{"class":164},[65,16875,168],{"class":79},[65,16877,13755],{"class":147},[65,16879,174],{"class":79},[1059,16881,16883],{"id":16882},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[56,16885,16887],{"className":58,"code":16886,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16888,16889,16921],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16890,16891,16893,16895,16897,16899,16901,16903,16905,16907,16909,16911,16913,16915,16917,16919],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16892,72],{"class":71},[65,16894,76],{"class":75},[65,16896,80],{"class":79},[65,16898,84],{"class":83},[65,16900,387],{"class":87},[65,16902,84],{"class":83},[65,16904,93],{"class":79},[65,16906,7940],{"class":96},[65,16908,100],{"class":79},[65,16910,103],{"class":83},[65,16912,387],{"class":87},[65,16914,84],{"class":83},[65,16916,93],{"class":79},[65,16918,7945],{"class":96},[65,16920,130],{"class":79},[65,16922,16923,16925,16927,16929],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,16924,165],{"class":164},[65,16926,168],{"class":79},[65,16928,184],{"class":147},[65,16930,174],{"class":79},[20,16932,16933],{},[46,16934,191],{},[56,16936,16938],{"className":58,"code":16937,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16939,16940],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16941,16942,16944,16946,16948,16950,16952,16954],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16943,218],{"class":79},[65,16945,203],{"class":83},[65,16947,387],{"class":87},[65,16949,203],{"class":83},[65,16951,93],{"class":79},[65,16953,7945],{"class":96},[65,16955,130],{"class":79},[51,16957,16959],{"id":16958},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16961,16962],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[56,16964,16966],{"className":58,"code":16965,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16967,16968,17004,17008,17018,17032,17047,17061],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,16969,16970,16972,16974,16976,16978,16980,16982,16984,16986,16988,16990,16992,16994,16996,16998,17000,17002],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,16971,11861],{"class":71},[65,16973,76],{"class":75},[65,16975,80],{"class":79},[65,16977,84],{"class":83},[65,16979,369],{"class":87},[65,16981,84],{"class":83},[65,16983,93],{"class":79},[65,16985,103],{"class":83},[65,16987,542],{"class":87},[65,16989,84],{"class":83},[65,16991,100],{"class":79},[65,16993,103],{"class":83},[65,16995,387],{"class":87},[65,16997,84],{"class":83},[65,16999,93],{"class":79},[65,17001,7940],{"class":96},[65,17003,130],{"class":79},[65,17005,17006],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,17007,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,17009,17010,17012,17014,17016],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,17011,165],{"class":164},[65,17013,168],{"class":79},[65,17015,1852],{"class":147},[65,17017,174],{"class":79},[65,17019,17020,17022,17024,17026,17028,17030],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,17021,165],{"class":164},[65,17023,168],{"class":79},[65,17025,3370],{"class":1368},[65,17027,168],{"class":79},[65,17029,1852],{"class":147},[65,17031,1870],{"class":79},[65,17033,17034,17036,17038,17040,17042,17045],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,17035,165],{"class":164},[65,17037,168],{"class":79},[65,17039,1852],{"class":147},[65,17041,144],{"class":79},[65,17043,17044],{"class":147},"keys",[65,17046,980],{"class":79},[65,17048,17049,17051,17053,17055,17057,17059],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,17050,165],{"class":164},[65,17052,168],{"class":79},[65,17054,1852],{"class":147},[65,17056,144],{"class":79},[65,17058,5510],{"class":147},[65,17060,980],{"class":79},[65,17062,17063,17065,17067,17069,17071,17073],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,17064,165],{"class":164},[65,17066,168],{"class":79},[65,17068,1863],{"class":164},[65,17070,168],{"class":79},[65,17072,1852],{"class":147},[65,17074,1870],{"class":79},[20,17076,17077],{},[46,17078,17079],{},"Example output:",[56,17081,17083],{"className":58,"code":17082,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17084,17085,17117,17131,17154,17173],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,17086,17087,17089,17091,17093,17095,17097,17099,17101,17103,17105,17107,17109,17111,17113,17115],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,17088,218],{"class":79},[65,17090,203],{"class":83},[65,17092,369],{"class":87},[65,17094,203],{"class":83},[65,17096,93],{"class":79},[65,17098,233],{"class":83},[65,17100,542],{"class":87},[65,17102,203],{"class":83},[65,17104,100],{"class":79},[65,17106,233],{"class":83},[65,17108,387],{"class":87},[65,17110,203],{"class":83},[65,17112,93],{"class":79},[65,17114,7940],{"class":96},[65,17116,130],{"class":79},[65,17118,17119,17121,17123,17125,17127,17129],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,17120,3439],{"class":75},[65,17122,3442],{"class":1696},[65,17124,233],{"class":83},[65,17126,8972],{"class":87},[65,17128,203],{"class":83},[65,17130,3451],{"class":75},[65,17132,17133,17136,17138,17140,17142,17144,17146,17148,17150,17152],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,17134,17135],{"class":147},"dict_keys",[65,17137,3132],{"class":79},[65,17139,203],{"class":83},[65,17141,369],{"class":87},[65,17143,203],{"class":83},[65,17145,100],{"class":79},[65,17147,233],{"class":83},[65,17149,387],{"class":87},[65,17151,203],{"class":83},[65,17153,4042],{"class":79},[65,17155,17156,17159,17161,17163,17165,17167,17169,17171],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,17157,17158],{"class":147},"dict_values",[65,17160,3132],{"class":79},[65,17162,203],{"class":83},[65,17164,542],{"class":87},[65,17166,203],{"class":83},[65,17168,100],{"class":79},[65,17170,7940],{"class":96},[65,17172,4042],{"class":79},[65,17174,17175],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,17176,17177],{"class":96},"2\n",[20,17179,17180,17181,1028,17185,1035,17189,144],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[88,17182,10881,17183],{"href":1031},[15,17184,1034],{},[88,17186,10881,17187],{"href":1038},[15,17188,1041],{},[88,17190,10881,17191],{"href":1024},[15,17192,1027],{},[51,17194,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,17196,17198],{"id":17197},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17200,1309,17201,3024,17203,17205],{},[15,17202,3944],{},[15,17204,9271],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1059,17207,17209],{"id":17208},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17211,17212,17213,144],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17214,17215],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1059,17217,17219],{"id":17218},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17221,17222],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1059,17224,17226],{"id":17225},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17228,17229],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1059,17231,5330,17233,1048,17235,2637],{"id":17232},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17234,3944],{},[15,17236,9271],{},[20,17238,17239,17241,17242,17244],{},[15,17240,3944],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17243,9271],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[51,17246,2015],{"id":2014},[30,17248,17249,17253,17259,17263,17269],{},[33,17250,17251],{},[88,17252,9307],{"href":9306},[33,17254,17255],{},[88,17256,10881,17257,10885],{"href":10880},[15,17258,10884],{},[33,17260,17261],{},[88,17262,11396],{"href":10875},[33,17264,17265],{},[88,17266,17268],{"href":17267},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[33,17270,17271],{},[88,17272,11407],{"href":11219},[20,17274,17275],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2071,17277,17278],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":17280},[17281,17282,17283,17284,17287,17290,17295,17296,17301,17302,17307,17308,17316],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":15288,"depth":133,"text":15289},{"id":15306,"depth":133,"text":15294},{"id":15391,"depth":133,"text":15392,"children":17285},[17286],{"id":15543,"depth":154,"text":15544},{"id":9547,"depth":133,"text":9548,"children":17288},[17289],{"id":15718,"depth":154,"text":15719},{"id":15830,"depth":133,"text":17291,"children":17292},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17293],{"id":15957,"depth":154,"text":17294},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9589,"depth":133,"text":9590},{"id":16311,"depth":133,"text":16312,"children":17297},[17298,17299,17300],{"id":16332,"depth":154,"text":16333},{"id":16434,"depth":154,"text":16435},{"id":16516,"depth":154,"text":16517},{"id":16601,"depth":133,"text":16602},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":17303},[17304,17305,17306],{"id":16760,"depth":154,"text":16761},{"id":16818,"depth":154,"text":16819},{"id":16882,"depth":154,"text":16883},{"id":16958,"depth":133,"text":16959},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":17309},[17310,17311,17312,17313,17314],{"id":17197,"depth":154,"text":17198},{"id":17208,"depth":154,"text":17209},{"id":17218,"depth":154,"text":17219},{"id":17225,"depth":154,"text":17226},{"id":17232,"depth":154,"text":17315},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15131,"description":17317},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17323,"title":17324,"body":17325,"description":19776,"extension":2111,"meta":19777,"navigation":157,"path":19778,"seo":19779,"stem":19780,"__hash__":19781},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17326,"toc":19732},[17327,17333,17339,17342,17345,17347,17429,17435,17440,17444,17462,17474,17479,17483,17506,17510,17522,17530,17534,17540,17542,17545,17620,17622,17667,17669,17686,17691,17697,17702,17776,17778,17823,17826,17837,17839,17958,17960,18013,18020,18024,18027,18044,18050,18054,18152,18154,18206,18213,18217,18223,18226,18229,18256,18261,18265,18268,18372,18374,18419,18422,18425,18430,18435,18446,18448,18509,18569,18575,18583,18589,18594,18599,18659,18663,18730,18733,18737,18808,18811,18824,18831,18833,18837,18841,18912,18914,18951,18954,18957,19020,19027,19030,19072,19082,19085,19154,19160,19165,19249,19251,19300,19307,19313,19358,19360,19393,19398,19402,19408,19447,19491,19559,19602,19604,19610,19613,19617,19622,19626,19629,19633,19635,19696,19698,19724,19729],[10,17328,13,17330,18],{"id":17329},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17331,17332],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17334,17335,17338],{},[15,17336,17337],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17340,17341],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17343,17344],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[51,17346,54],{"id":53},[56,17348,17350],{"className":58,"code":17349,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17351,17352,17385,17413,17424],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,17353,17354,17357,17359,17361,17363,17365,17367,17369,17371,17373,17375,17377,17379,17381,17383],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,17355,17356],{"class":71},"keys ",[65,17358,76],{"class":75},[65,17360,3773],{"class":79},[65,17362,84],{"class":83},[65,17364,369],{"class":87},[65,17366,84],{"class":83},[65,17368,100],{"class":79},[65,17370,103],{"class":83},[65,17372,387],{"class":87},[65,17374,84],{"class":83},[65,17376,100],{"class":79},[65,17378,103],{"class":83},[65,17380,10553],{"class":87},[65,17382,84],{"class":83},[65,17384,3786],{"class":79},[65,17386,17387,17389,17391,17393,17395,17398,17400,17402,17404,17406,17409,17411],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,17388,360],{"class":71},[65,17390,76],{"class":75},[65,17392,9321],{"class":1368},[65,17394,144],{"class":79},[65,17396,17397],{"class":147},"fromkeys",[65,17399,168],{"class":79},[65,17401,17044],{"class":147},[65,17403,100],{"class":79},[65,17405,103],{"class":83},[65,17407,17408],{"class":87},"unknown",[65,17410,84],{"class":83},[65,17412,174],{"class":79},[65,17414,17415,17417,17419,17422],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,17416,165],{"class":164},[65,17418,168],{"class":79},[65,17420,17421],{"class":147},"person",[65,17423,174],{"class":79},[65,17425,17426],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,17427,17428],{"class":3816},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17430,1309,17431,17434],{},[15,17432,17433],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[51,17436,252,17438,255],{"id":17437},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17439,17337],{},[20,17441,17442,93],{},[15,17443,17337],{},[30,17445,17446,17449,17452,17455],{},[33,17447,17448],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[33,17450,17451],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[33,17453,17454],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[33,17456,17457,17458,17461],{},"Is called as ",[15,17459,17460],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17463,17464,17465,17467,17468,17470,17471,144],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17466,8972],{},", so you write ",[15,17469,17460],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17472,17473],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17475,17476,17477,144],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[88,17478,9307],{"href":13153},[51,17480,17482],{"id":17481},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[56,17484,17486],{"className":58,"code":17485,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17487,17488],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,17489,17490,17492,17494,17496,17498,17500,17502,17504],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,17491,8972],{"class":1368},[65,17493,144],{"class":79},[65,17495,17397],{"class":147},[65,17497,168],{"class":79},[65,17499,3872],{"class":147},[65,17501,100],{"class":79},[65,17503,821],{"class":147},[65,17505,174],{"class":79},[1059,17507,17509],{"id":17508},"parameters","Parameters",[30,17511,17512,17517],{},[33,17513,17514,17516],{},[15,17515,3872],{},": the keys to use",[33,17518,17519,17521],{},[15,17520,1714],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17523,17524,17525,17527,17528,144],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17526,1714],{},", each key gets ",[15,17529,3930],{},[1059,17531,17533],{"id":17532},"return-value","Return value",[20,17535,17536,17537,144],{},"It returns a ",[46,17538,17539],{},"new dictionary",[51,17541,5939],{"id":5938},[20,17543,17544],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[56,17546,17548],{"className":58,"code":17547,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17549,17550,17583,17605,17609],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,17551,17552,17554,17556,17558,17560,17562,17564,17566,17568,17571,17573,17575,17577,17579,17581],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,17553,17356],{"class":71},[65,17555,76],{"class":75},[65,17557,3773],{"class":79},[65,17559,84],{"class":83},[65,17561,13223],{"class":87},[65,17563,84],{"class":83},[65,17565,100],{"class":79},[65,17567,103],{"class":83},[65,17569,17570],{"class":87},"green",[65,17572,84],{"class":83},[65,17574,100],{"class":79},[65,17576,103],{"class":83},[65,17578,13240],{"class":87},[65,17580,84],{"class":83},[65,17582,3786],{"class":79},[65,17584,17585,17587,17589,17591,17593,17595,17597,17599,17601,17603],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,17586,13206],{"class":71},[65,17588,76],{"class":75},[65,17590,9321],{"class":1368},[65,17592,144],{"class":79},[65,17594,17397],{"class":147},[65,17596,168],{"class":79},[65,17598,17044],{"class":147},[65,17600,100],{"class":79},[65,17602,3986],{"class":96},[65,17604,174],{"class":79},[65,17606,17607],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,17608,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,17610,17611,17613,17615,17618],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,17612,165],{"class":164},[65,17614,168],{"class":79},[65,17616,17617],{"class":147},"colors",[65,17619,174],{"class":79},[20,17621,191],{},[56,17623,17625],{"className":58,"code":17624,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17626,17627],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,17628,17629,17631,17633,17635,17637,17639,17641,17643,17645,17647,17649,17651,17653,17655,17657,17659,17661,17663,17665],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,17630,218],{"class":79},[65,17632,203],{"class":83},[65,17634,13223],{"class":87},[65,17636,203],{"class":83},[65,17638,93],{"class":79},[65,17640,3986],{"class":96},[65,17642,100],{"class":79},[65,17644,233],{"class":83},[65,17646,17570],{"class":87},[65,17648,203],{"class":83},[65,17650,93],{"class":79},[65,17652,3986],{"class":96},[65,17654,100],{"class":79},[65,17656,233],{"class":83},[65,17658,13240],{"class":87},[65,17660,203],{"class":83},[65,17662,93],{"class":79},[65,17664,3986],{"class":96},[65,17666,130],{"class":79},[20,17668,11820],{},[30,17670,17671,17676,17681],{},[33,17672,17673,17675],{},[15,17674,17044],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[33,17677,17678,17680],{},[15,17679,2267],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[33,17682,17683,17685],{},[15,17684,17337],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17687,17688,17689,144],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[88,17690,9537],{"href":13156},[51,17692,8569,17694,17696],{"id":17693},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17695,17332],{}," without a value",[20,17698,17699,17700,144],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17701,3930],{},[56,17703,17705],{"className":58,"code":17704,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17706,17707,17741,17761,17765],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,17708,17709,17712,17714,17716,17718,17720,17722,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732,17734,17737,17739],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,17710,17711],{"class":71},"fields ",[65,17713,76],{"class":75},[65,17715,3773],{"class":79},[65,17717,84],{"class":83},[65,17719,8136],{"class":87},[65,17721,84],{"class":83},[65,17723,100],{"class":79},[65,17725,103],{"class":83},[65,17727,15385],{"class":87},[65,17729,84],{"class":83},[65,17731,100],{"class":79},[65,17733,103],{"class":83},[65,17735,17736],{"class":87},"password",[65,17738,84],{"class":83},[65,17740,3786],{"class":79},[65,17742,17743,17746,17748,17750,17752,17754,17756,17759],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,17744,17745],{"class":71},"user_data ",[65,17747,76],{"class":75},[65,17749,9321],{"class":1368},[65,17751,144],{"class":79},[65,17753,17397],{"class":147},[65,17755,168],{"class":79},[65,17757,17758],{"class":147},"fields",[65,17760,174],{"class":79},[65,17762,17763],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,17764,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,17766,17767,17769,17771,17774],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,17768,165],{"class":164},[65,17770,168],{"class":79},[65,17772,17773],{"class":147},"user_data",[65,17775,174],{"class":79},[20,17777,191],{},[56,17779,17781],{"className":58,"code":17780,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17782,17783],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,17784,17785,17787,17789,17791,17793,17795,17797,17799,17801,17803,17805,17807,17809,17811,17813,17815,17817,17819,17821],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,17786,218],{"class":79},[65,17788,203],{"class":83},[65,17790,8136],{"class":87},[65,17792,203],{"class":83},[65,17794,93],{"class":79},[65,17796,4006],{"class":4005},[65,17798,100],{"class":79},[65,17800,233],{"class":83},[65,17802,15385],{"class":87},[65,17804,203],{"class":83},[65,17806,93],{"class":79},[65,17808,4006],{"class":4005},[65,17810,100],{"class":79},[65,17812,233],{"class":83},[65,17814,17736],{"class":87},[65,17816,203],{"class":83},[65,17818,93],{"class":79},[65,17820,4006],{"class":4005},[65,17822,130],{"class":79},[20,17824,17825],{},"This is useful when:",[30,17827,17828,17831,17834],{},[33,17829,17830],{},"You want to create the keys first",[33,17832,17833],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[33,17835,17836],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17838,350],{},[56,17840,17842],{"className":58,"code":17841,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17843,17844,17876,17894,17898,17921,17944,17948],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,17845,17846,17848,17850,17852,17854,17856,17858,17860,17862,17864,17866,17868,17870,17872,17874],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,17847,17711],{"class":71},[65,17849,76],{"class":75},[65,17851,3773],{"class":79},[65,17853,84],{"class":83},[65,17855,8136],{"class":87},[65,17857,84],{"class":83},[65,17859,100],{"class":79},[65,17861,103],{"class":83},[65,17863,15385],{"class":87},[65,17865,84],{"class":83},[65,17867,100],{"class":79},[65,17869,103],{"class":83},[65,17871,17736],{"class":87},[65,17873,84],{"class":83},[65,17875,3786],{"class":79},[65,17877,17878,17880,17882,17884,17886,17888,17890,17892],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,17879,17745],{"class":71},[65,17881,76],{"class":75},[65,17883,9321],{"class":1368},[65,17885,144],{"class":79},[65,17887,17397],{"class":147},[65,17889,168],{"class":79},[65,17891,17758],{"class":147},[65,17893,174],{"class":79},[65,17895,17896],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,17897,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,17899,17900,17902,17904,17906,17908,17910,17912,17914,17916,17919],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,17901,17773],{"class":71},[65,17903,4054],{"class":79},[65,17905,84],{"class":83},[65,17907,8136],{"class":87},[65,17909,84],{"class":83},[65,17911,13402],{"class":79},[65,17913,13405],{"class":75},[65,17915,103],{"class":83},[65,17917,17918],{"class":87},"alice",[65,17920,1650],{"class":83},[65,17922,17923,17925,17927,17929,17931,17933,17935,17937,17939,17942],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,17924,17773],{"class":71},[65,17926,4054],{"class":79},[65,17928,84],{"class":83},[65,17930,15385],{"class":87},[65,17932,84],{"class":83},[65,17934,13402],{"class":79},[65,17936,13405],{"class":75},[65,17938,103],{"class":83},[65,17940,17941],{"class":87},"alice@example.com",[65,17943,1650],{"class":83},[65,17945,17946],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,17947,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,17949,17950,17952,17954,17956],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,17951,165],{"class":164},[65,17953,168],{"class":79},[65,17955,17773],{"class":147},[65,17957,174],{"class":79},[20,17959,191],{},[56,17961,17963],{"className":58,"code":17962,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17964,17965],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,17966,17967,17969,17971,17973,17975,17977,17979,17981,17983,17985,17987,17989,17991,17993,17995,17997,17999,18001,18003,18005,18007,18009,18011],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,17968,218],{"class":79},[65,17970,203],{"class":83},[65,17972,8136],{"class":87},[65,17974,203],{"class":83},[65,17976,93],{"class":79},[65,17978,233],{"class":83},[65,17980,17918],{"class":87},[65,17982,203],{"class":83},[65,17984,100],{"class":79},[65,17986,233],{"class":83},[65,17988,15385],{"class":87},[65,17990,203],{"class":83},[65,17992,93],{"class":79},[65,17994,233],{"class":83},[65,17996,17941],{"class":87},[65,17998,203],{"class":83},[65,18000,100],{"class":79},[65,18002,233],{"class":83},[65,18004,17736],{"class":87},[65,18006,203],{"class":83},[65,18008,93],{"class":79},[65,18010,4006],{"class":4005},[65,18012,130],{"class":79},[20,18014,18015,18016,144],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[88,18017,18019],{"href":18018},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[51,18021,18023],{"id":18022},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18025,18026],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[30,18028,18029,18034,18039],{},[33,18030,18031,18033],{},[15,18032,3939],{}," (list)",[33,18035,18036,18038],{},[15,18037,3944],{}," (dictionary)",[33,18040,18041,18043],{},[15,18042,3949],{}," (set)",[20,18045,18046,18047,144],{},"All keys will point to the ",[46,18048,18049],{},"same object",[1059,18051,18053],{"id":18052},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[56,18055,18057],{"className":58,"code":18056,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18058,18059,18091,18112,18116,18138,18142],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18060,18061,18063,18065,18067,18069,18071,18073,18075,18077,18079,18081,18083,18085,18087,18089],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18062,17356],{"class":71},[65,18064,76],{"class":75},[65,18066,3773],{"class":79},[65,18068,84],{"class":83},[65,18070,88],{"class":87},[65,18072,84],{"class":83},[65,18074,100],{"class":79},[65,18076,103],{"class":83},[65,18078,106],{"class":87},[65,18080,84],{"class":83},[65,18082,100],{"class":79},[65,18084,103],{"class":83},[65,18086,120],{"class":87},[65,18088,84],{"class":83},[65,18090,3786],{"class":79},[65,18092,18093,18095,18097,18099,18101,18103,18105,18107,18109],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,18094,72],{"class":71},[65,18096,76],{"class":75},[65,18098,9321],{"class":1368},[65,18100,144],{"class":79},[65,18102,17397],{"class":147},[65,18104,168],{"class":79},[65,18106,17044],{"class":147},[65,18108,100],{"class":79},[65,18110,18111],{"class":79}," [])\n",[65,18113,18114],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,18115,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,18117,18118,18120,18122,18124,18126,18128,18130,18132,18134,18136],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,18119,184],{"class":71},[65,18121,4054],{"class":79},[65,18123,84],{"class":83},[65,18125,88],{"class":87},[65,18127,84],{"class":83},[65,18129,13679],{"class":79},[65,18131,13682],{"class":147},[65,18133,168],{"class":79},[65,18135,3135],{"class":96},[65,18137,174],{"class":79},[65,18139,18140],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,18141,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,18143,18144,18146,18148,18150],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,18145,165],{"class":164},[65,18147,168],{"class":79},[65,18149,184],{"class":147},[65,18151,174],{"class":79},[20,18153,191],{},[56,18155,18157],{"className":58,"code":18156,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18158,18159],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18160,18161,18163,18165,18167,18169,18171,18173,18175,18178,18180,18182,18184,18186,18188,18190,18192,18194,18196,18198,18200,18202,18204],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18162,218],{"class":79},[65,18164,203],{"class":83},[65,18166,88],{"class":87},[65,18168,203],{"class":83},[65,18170,93],{"class":79},[65,18172,3773],{"class":79},[65,18174,3135],{"class":96},[65,18176,18177],{"class":79},"],",[65,18179,233],{"class":83},[65,18181,106],{"class":87},[65,18183,203],{"class":83},[65,18185,93],{"class":79},[65,18187,3773],{"class":79},[65,18189,3135],{"class":96},[65,18191,18177],{"class":79},[65,18193,233],{"class":83},[65,18195,120],{"class":87},[65,18197,203],{"class":83},[65,18199,93],{"class":79},[65,18201,3773],{"class":79},[65,18203,3135],{"class":96},[65,18205,13835],{"class":79},[20,18207,18208,18209,18212],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18210,18211],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1059,18214,18216],{"id":18215},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18218,18219,18222],{},[15,18220,18221],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18224,18225],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18227,18228],{},"So this:",[56,18230,18232],{"className":58,"code":18231,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18233,18234],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18235,18236,18238,18240,18242,18244,18246,18248,18250,18252,18254],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18237,184],{"class":71},[65,18239,4054],{"class":79},[65,18241,84],{"class":83},[65,18243,88],{"class":87},[65,18245,84],{"class":83},[65,18247,13679],{"class":79},[65,18249,13682],{"class":147},[65,18251,168],{"class":79},[65,18253,3135],{"class":96},[65,18255,174],{"class":79},[20,18257,18258,18259,144],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18260,18211],{},[1059,18262,18264],{"id":18263},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18266,18267],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[56,18269,18271],{"className":58,"code":18270,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18272,18273,18305,18332,18336,18358,18362],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18274,18275,18277,18279,18281,18283,18285,18287,18289,18291,18293,18295,18297,18299,18301,18303],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18276,17356],{"class":71},[65,18278,76],{"class":75},[65,18280,3773],{"class":79},[65,18282,84],{"class":83},[65,18284,88],{"class":87},[65,18286,84],{"class":83},[65,18288,100],{"class":79},[65,18290,103],{"class":83},[65,18292,106],{"class":87},[65,18294,84],{"class":83},[65,18296,100],{"class":79},[65,18298,103],{"class":83},[65,18300,120],{"class":87},[65,18302,84],{"class":83},[65,18304,3786],{"class":79},[65,18306,18307,18309,18311,18313,18315,18317,18320,18322,18325,18327,18330],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,18308,72],{"class":71},[65,18310,76],{"class":75},[65,18312,80],{"class":79},[65,18314,487],{"class":71},[65,18316,93],{"class":79},[65,18318,18319],{"class":79}," []",[65,18321,4030],{"class":1405},[65,18323,18324],{"class":71}," key ",[65,18326,4036],{"class":1405},[65,18328,18329],{"class":71}," keys",[65,18331,130],{"class":79},[65,18333,18334],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,18335,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,18337,18338,18340,18342,18344,18346,18348,18350,18352,18354,18356],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,18339,184],{"class":71},[65,18341,4054],{"class":79},[65,18343,84],{"class":83},[65,18345,88],{"class":87},[65,18347,84],{"class":83},[65,18349,13679],{"class":79},[65,18351,13682],{"class":147},[65,18353,168],{"class":79},[65,18355,3135],{"class":96},[65,18357,174],{"class":79},[65,18359,18360],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,18361,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,18363,18364,18366,18368,18370],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,18365,165],{"class":164},[65,18367,168],{"class":79},[65,18369,184],{"class":147},[65,18371,174],{"class":79},[20,18373,191],{},[56,18375,18377],{"className":58,"code":18376,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18378,18379],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18380,18381,18383,18385,18387,18389,18391,18393,18395,18397,18399,18401,18403,18405,18408,18410,18412,18414,18416],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18382,218],{"class":79},[65,18384,203],{"class":83},[65,18386,88],{"class":87},[65,18388,203],{"class":83},[65,18390,93],{"class":79},[65,18392,3773],{"class":79},[65,18394,3135],{"class":96},[65,18396,18177],{"class":79},[65,18398,233],{"class":83},[65,18400,106],{"class":87},[65,18402,203],{"class":83},[65,18404,93],{"class":79},[65,18406,18407],{"class":79}," [],",[65,18409,233],{"class":83},[65,18411,120],{"class":87},[65,18413,203],{"class":83},[65,18415,93],{"class":79},[65,18417,18418],{"class":79}," []}\n",[20,18420,18421],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18423,18424],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[51,18426,1553,18428],{"id":18427},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18429,17332],{},[20,18431,18432,18434],{},[15,18433,17337],{}," is a good choice when:",[30,18436,18437,18440,18443],{},[33,18438,18439],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[33,18441,18442],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[33,18444,18445],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18447,2273],{},[56,18449,18451],{"className":58,"code":18450,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18452,18453,18498],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18454,18455,18458,18460,18462,18464,18466,18468,18470,18473,18475,18477,18479,18481,18483,18485,18487,18490,18492,18494,18496],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18456,18457],{"class":71},"flags ",[65,18459,76],{"class":75},[65,18461,9321],{"class":1368},[65,18463,144],{"class":79},[65,18465,17397],{"class":147},[65,18467,3132],{"class":79},[65,18469,84],{"class":83},[65,18471,18472],{"class":87},"is_admin",[65,18474,84],{"class":83},[65,18476,100],{"class":79},[65,18478,103],{"class":83},[65,18480,15205],{"class":87},[65,18482,84],{"class":83},[65,18484,100],{"class":79},[65,18486,103],{"class":83},[65,18488,18489],{"class":87},"is_verified",[65,18491,84],{"class":83},[65,18493,18177],{"class":79},[65,18495,4061],{"class":4005},[65,18497,174],{"class":79},[65,18499,18500,18502,18504,18507],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,18501,165],{"class":164},[65,18503,168],{"class":79},[65,18505,18506],{"class":147},"flags",[65,18508,174],{"class":79},[56,18510,18512],{"className":58,"code":18511,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18513,18514,18559],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18515,18516,18518,18520,18522,18524,18526,18528,18530,18533,18535,18537,18539,18542,18544,18546,18548,18551,18553,18555,18557],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18517,519],{"class":71},[65,18519,76],{"class":75},[65,18521,9321],{"class":1368},[65,18523,144],{"class":79},[65,18525,17397],{"class":147},[65,18527,3132],{"class":79},[65,18529,84],{"class":83},[65,18531,18532],{"class":87},"math",[65,18534,84],{"class":83},[65,18536,100],{"class":79},[65,18538,103],{"class":83},[65,18540,18541],{"class":87},"science",[65,18543,84],{"class":83},[65,18545,100],{"class":79},[65,18547,103],{"class":83},[65,18549,18550],{"class":87},"history",[65,18552,84],{"class":83},[65,18554,18177],{"class":79},[65,18556,3986],{"class":96},[65,18558,174],{"class":79},[65,18560,18561,18563,18565,18567],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,18562,165],{"class":164},[65,18564,168],{"class":79},[65,18566,16511],{"class":147},[65,18568,174],{"class":79},[20,18570,18571,18572,18574],{},"It is ",[46,18573,1014],{}," the best choice when:",[30,18576,18577,18580],{},[33,18578,18579],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[33,18581,18582],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[51,18584,18586,18588],{"id":18585},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18587,17332],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18590,18591,18593],{},[15,18592,17332],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1059,18595,8569,18597],{"id":18596},"using-fromkeys",[15,18598,17332],{},[56,18600,18602],{"className":58,"code":18601,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18603,18604,18649],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18605,18606,18608,18610,18612,18614,18616,18618,18620,18623,18625,18627,18629,18632,18634,18636,18638,18641,18643,18645,18647],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18607,13955],{"class":71},[65,18609,76],{"class":75},[65,18611,9321],{"class":1368},[65,18613,144],{"class":79},[65,18615,17397],{"class":147},[65,18617,3132],{"class":79},[65,18619,84],{"class":83},[65,18621,18622],{"class":87},"sound",[65,18624,84],{"class":83},[65,18626,100],{"class":79},[65,18628,103],{"class":83},[65,18630,18631],{"class":87},"music",[65,18633,84],{"class":83},[65,18635,100],{"class":79},[65,18637,103],{"class":83},[65,18639,18640],{"class":87},"notifications",[65,18642,84],{"class":83},[65,18644,18177],{"class":79},[65,18646,4070],{"class":4005},[65,18648,174],{"class":79},[65,18650,18651,18653,18655,18657],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,18652,165],{"class":164},[65,18654,168],{"class":79},[65,18656,14014],{"class":147},[65,18658,174],{"class":79},[1059,18660,18662],{"id":18661},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[56,18664,18666],{"className":58,"code":18665,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18667,18668,18676,18690,18704,18716,18720],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18669,18670,18672,18674],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18671,13955],{"class":71},[65,18673,76],{"class":75},[65,18675,1589],{"class":79},[65,18677,18678,18680,18682,18684,18686,18688],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,18679,1594],{"class":83},[65,18681,18622],{"class":87},[65,18683,84],{"class":83},[65,18685,93],{"class":79},[65,18687,4070],{"class":4005},[65,18689,1611],{"class":79},[65,18691,18692,18694,18696,18698,18700,18702],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,18693,1594],{"class":83},[65,18695,18631],{"class":87},[65,18697,84],{"class":83},[65,18699,93],{"class":79},[65,18701,4061],{"class":4005},[65,18703,1611],{"class":79},[65,18705,18706,18708,18710,18712,18714],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,18707,1594],{"class":83},[65,18709,18640],{"class":87},[65,18711,84],{"class":83},[65,18713,93],{"class":79},[65,18715,6575],{"class":4005},[65,18717,18718],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,18719,130],{"class":79},[65,18721,18722,18724,18726,18728],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,18723,165],{"class":164},[65,18725,168],{"class":79},[65,18727,14014],{"class":147},[65,18729,174],{"class":79},[20,18731,18732],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1059,18734,18736],{"id":18735},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[56,18738,18740],{"className":58,"code":18739,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18741,18742,18774,18798],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18743,18744,18746,18748,18750,18752,18754,18756,18758,18760,18762,18764,18766,18768,18770,18772],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18745,17356],{"class":71},[65,18747,76],{"class":75},[65,18749,3773],{"class":79},[65,18751,84],{"class":83},[65,18753,88],{"class":87},[65,18755,84],{"class":83},[65,18757,100],{"class":79},[65,18759,103],{"class":83},[65,18761,106],{"class":87},[65,18763,84],{"class":83},[65,18765,100],{"class":79},[65,18767,103],{"class":83},[65,18769,120],{"class":87},[65,18771,84],{"class":83},[65,18773,3786],{"class":79},[65,18775,18776,18778,18780,18782,18784,18786,18788,18790,18792,18794,18796],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,18777,72],{"class":71},[65,18779,76],{"class":75},[65,18781,80],{"class":79},[65,18783,487],{"class":71},[65,18785,93],{"class":79},[65,18787,18319],{"class":79},[65,18789,4030],{"class":1405},[65,18791,18324],{"class":71},[65,18793,4036],{"class":1405},[65,18795,18329],{"class":71},[65,18797,130],{"class":79},[65,18799,18800,18802,18804,18806],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,18801,165],{"class":164},[65,18803,168],{"class":79},[65,18805,184],{"class":147},[65,18807,174],{"class":79},[20,18809,18810],{},"Use:",[30,18812,18813,18818,18821],{},[33,18814,18815,18817],{},[15,18816,17332],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[33,18819,18820],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[33,18822,18823],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18825,18826,18827,144],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[88,18828,10881,18829,10885],{"href":14162},[15,18830,15080],{},[51,18832,1766],{"id":1765},[20,18834,1769,18835,144],{},[15,18836,17337],{},[1059,18838,18840],{"id":18839},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[56,18842,18844],{"className":58,"code":18843,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18845,18846,18879,18902],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18847,18848,18851,18853,18855,18857,18859,18861,18863,18865,18867,18869,18871,18873,18875,18877],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18849,18850],{"class":71},"d ",[65,18852,76],{"class":75},[65,18854,9321],{"class":1368},[65,18856,144],{"class":79},[65,18858,17397],{"class":147},[65,18860,3132],{"class":79},[65,18862,84],{"class":83},[65,18864,88],{"class":87},[65,18866,84],{"class":83},[65,18868,100],{"class":79},[65,18870,103],{"class":83},[65,18872,106],{"class":87},[65,18874,84],{"class":83},[65,18876,18177],{"class":79},[65,18878,18111],{"class":79},[65,18880,18881,18884,18886,18888,18890,18892,18894,18896,18898,18900],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,18882,18883],{"class":71},"d",[65,18885,4054],{"class":79},[65,18887,84],{"class":83},[65,18889,88],{"class":87},[65,18891,84],{"class":83},[65,18893,13679],{"class":79},[65,18895,13682],{"class":147},[65,18897,168],{"class":79},[65,18899,3135],{"class":96},[65,18901,174],{"class":79},[65,18903,18904,18906,18908,18910],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,18905,165],{"class":164},[65,18907,168],{"class":79},[65,18909,18883],{"class":147},[65,18911,174],{"class":79},[20,18913,191],{},[56,18915,18917],{"className":58,"code":18916,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18918,18919],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18920,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931,18933,18935,18937,18939,18941,18943,18945,18947,18949],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18922,218],{"class":79},[65,18924,203],{"class":83},[65,18926,88],{"class":87},[65,18928,203],{"class":83},[65,18930,93],{"class":79},[65,18932,3773],{"class":79},[65,18934,3135],{"class":96},[65,18936,18177],{"class":79},[65,18938,233],{"class":83},[65,18940,106],{"class":87},[65,18942,203],{"class":83},[65,18944,93],{"class":79},[65,18946,3773],{"class":79},[65,18948,3135],{"class":96},[65,18950,13835],{"class":79},[20,18952,18953],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18955,18956],{},"Use this instead:",[56,18958,18960],{"className":58,"code":18959,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18961,18962,18986,19010],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,18963,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980,18982,18984],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,18965,17356],{"class":71},[65,18967,76],{"class":75},[65,18969,3773],{"class":79},[65,18971,84],{"class":83},[65,18973,88],{"class":87},[65,18975,84],{"class":83},[65,18977,100],{"class":79},[65,18979,103],{"class":83},[65,18981,106],{"class":87},[65,18983,84],{"class":83},[65,18985,3786],{"class":79},[65,18987,18988,18990,18992,18994,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,18989,18850],{"class":71},[65,18991,76],{"class":75},[65,18993,80],{"class":79},[65,18995,487],{"class":71},[65,18997,93],{"class":79},[65,18999,18319],{"class":79},[65,19001,4030],{"class":1405},[65,19003,18324],{"class":71},[65,19005,4036],{"class":1405},[65,19007,18329],{"class":71},[65,19009,130],{"class":79},[65,19011,19012,19014,19016,19018],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,19013,165],{"class":164},[65,19015,168],{"class":79},[65,19017,18883],{"class":147},[65,19019,174],{"class":79},[1059,19021,19023,19024,19026],{"id":19022},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19025,17332],{}," on a list",[20,19028,19029],{},"Wrong idea:",[56,19031,19033],{"className":58,"code":19032,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19034,19035,19067],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,19036,19037,19039,19041,19043,19045,19047,19049,19051,19053,19055,19057,19059,19061,19063,19065],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,19038,17356],{"class":71},[65,19040,76],{"class":75},[65,19042,3773],{"class":79},[65,19044,84],{"class":83},[65,19046,88],{"class":87},[65,19048,84],{"class":83},[65,19050,100],{"class":79},[65,19052,103],{"class":83},[65,19054,106],{"class":87},[65,19056,84],{"class":83},[65,19058,100],{"class":79},[65,19060,103],{"class":83},[65,19062,120],{"class":87},[65,19064,84],{"class":83},[65,19066,3786],{"class":79},[65,19068,19069],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,19070,19071],{"class":3816},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19073,19074,19076,19077,19079,19080,144],{},[15,19075,17332],{}," belongs to ",[15,19078,8972],{},", not ",[15,19081,8244],{},[20,19083,19084],{},"Correct usage:",[56,19086,19088],{"className":58,"code":19087,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19089,19090,19122,19144],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,19091,19092,19094,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112,19114,19116,19118,19120],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,19093,17356],{"class":71},[65,19095,76],{"class":75},[65,19097,3773],{"class":79},[65,19099,84],{"class":83},[65,19101,88],{"class":87},[65,19103,84],{"class":83},[65,19105,100],{"class":79},[65,19107,103],{"class":83},[65,19109,106],{"class":87},[65,19111,84],{"class":83},[65,19113,100],{"class":79},[65,19115,103],{"class":83},[65,19117,120],{"class":87},[65,19119,84],{"class":83},[65,19121,3786],{"class":79},[65,19123,19124,19126,19128,19130,19132,19134,19136,19138,19140,19142],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,19125,18850],{"class":71},[65,19127,76],{"class":75},[65,19129,9321],{"class":1368},[65,19131,144],{"class":79},[65,19133,17397],{"class":147},[65,19135,168],{"class":79},[65,19137,17044],{"class":147},[65,19139,100],{"class":79},[65,19141,3986],{"class":96},[65,19143,174],{"class":79},[65,19145,19146,19148,19150,19152],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,19147,165],{"class":164},[65,19149,168],{"class":79},[65,19151,18883],{"class":147},[65,19153,174],{"class":79},[1059,19155,1792,19157,19159],{"id":19156},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19158,17332],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19161,19162,19164],{},[15,19163,17337],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[56,19166,19168],{"className":58,"code":19167,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19169,19170,19190,19224,19228,19238],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,19171,19172,19174,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186,19188],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,19173,12221],{"class":71},[65,19175,76],{"class":75},[65,19177,80],{"class":79},[65,19179,84],{"class":83},[65,19181,931],{"class":87},[65,19183,84],{"class":83},[65,19185,93],{"class":79},[65,19187,97],{"class":96},[65,19189,130],{"class":79},[65,19191,19192,19194,19196,19198,19200,19202,19204,19206,19208,19210,19212,19214,19216,19218,19220,19222],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,19193,13168],{"class":71},[65,19195,76],{"class":75},[65,19197,9321],{"class":1368},[65,19199,144],{"class":79},[65,19201,17397],{"class":147},[65,19203,3132],{"class":79},[65,19205,84],{"class":83},[65,19207,88],{"class":87},[65,19209,84],{"class":83},[65,19211,100],{"class":79},[65,19213,103],{"class":83},[65,19215,106],{"class":87},[65,19217,84],{"class":83},[65,19219,18177],{"class":79},[65,19221,3986],{"class":96},[65,19223,174],{"class":79},[65,19225,19226],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,19227,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,19229,19230,19232,19234,19236],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,19231,165],{"class":164},[65,19233,168],{"class":79},[65,19235,12268],{"class":147},[65,19237,174],{"class":79},[65,19239,19240,19242,19244,19247],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,19241,165],{"class":164},[65,19243,168],{"class":79},[65,19245,19246],{"class":147},"new_dict",[65,19248,174],{"class":79},[20,19250,191],{},[56,19252,19254],{"className":58,"code":19253,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19255,19256,19272],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,19257,19258,19260,19262,19264,19266,19268,19270],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,19259,218],{"class":79},[65,19261,203],{"class":83},[65,19263,931],{"class":87},[65,19265,203],{"class":83},[65,19267,93],{"class":79},[65,19269,97],{"class":96},[65,19271,130],{"class":79},[65,19273,19274,19276,19278,19280,19282,19284,19286,19288,19290,19292,19294,19296,19298],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,19275,218],{"class":79},[65,19277,203],{"class":83},[65,19279,88],{"class":87},[65,19281,203],{"class":83},[65,19283,93],{"class":79},[65,19285,3986],{"class":96},[65,19287,100],{"class":79},[65,19289,233],{"class":83},[65,19291,106],{"class":87},[65,19293,203],{"class":83},[65,19295,93],{"class":79},[65,19297,3986],{"class":96},[65,19299,130],{"class":79},[20,19301,19302,19303,144],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[88,19304,10881,19305,10885],{"href":14162},[15,19306,15080],{},[1059,19308,19310,19311],{"id":19309},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19312,3930],{},[56,19314,19316],{"className":58,"code":19315,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19317,19318,19348],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,19319,19320,19322,19324,19326,19328,19330,19332,19334,19336,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,19321,18850],{"class":71},[65,19323,76],{"class":75},[65,19325,9321],{"class":1368},[65,19327,144],{"class":79},[65,19329,17397],{"class":147},[65,19331,3132],{"class":79},[65,19333,84],{"class":83},[65,19335,931],{"class":87},[65,19337,84],{"class":83},[65,19339,100],{"class":79},[65,19341,103],{"class":83},[65,19343,944],{"class":87},[65,19345,84],{"class":83},[65,19347,4042],{"class":79},[65,19349,19350,19352,19354,19356],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,19351,165],{"class":164},[65,19353,168],{"class":79},[65,19355,18883],{"class":147},[65,19357,174],{"class":79},[20,19359,191],{},[56,19361,19363],{"className":58,"code":19362,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19364,19365],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,19366,19367,19369,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381,19383,19385,19387,19389,19391],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,19368,218],{"class":79},[65,19370,203],{"class":83},[65,19372,931],{"class":87},[65,19374,203],{"class":83},[65,19376,93],{"class":79},[65,19378,4006],{"class":4005},[65,19380,100],{"class":79},[65,19382,233],{"class":83},[65,19384,944],{"class":87},[65,19386,203],{"class":83},[65,19388,93],{"class":79},[65,19390,4006],{"class":4005},[65,19392,130],{"class":79},[20,19394,19395,19396,144],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19397,3930],{},[51,19399,19401],{"id":19400},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19403,19404,19405,19407],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19406,17332],{}," works.",[56,19409,19411],{"className":58,"code":19410,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19412,19413],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,19414,19415,19417,19419,19421,19423,19425,19427,19429,19431,19433,19435,19437,19439,19441,19443,19445],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,19416,165],{"class":164},[65,19418,168],{"class":79},[65,19420,8972],{"class":1368},[65,19422,144],{"class":79},[65,19424,17397],{"class":147},[65,19426,3132],{"class":79},[65,19428,84],{"class":83},[65,19430,88],{"class":87},[65,19432,84],{"class":83},[65,19434,100],{"class":79},[65,19436,103],{"class":83},[65,19438,106],{"class":87},[65,19440,84],{"class":83},[65,19442,18177],{"class":79},[65,19444,3986],{"class":96},[65,19446,1870],{"class":79},[56,19448,19449],{"className":58,"code":19315,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,19450,19451,19481],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,19452,19453,19455,19457,19459,19461,19463,19465,19467,19469,19471,19473,19475,19477,19479],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,19454,18850],{"class":71},[65,19456,76],{"class":75},[65,19458,9321],{"class":1368},[65,19460,144],{"class":79},[65,19462,17397],{"class":147},[65,19464,3132],{"class":79},[65,19466,84],{"class":83},[65,19468,931],{"class":87},[65,19470,84],{"class":83},[65,19472,100],{"class":79},[65,19474,103],{"class":83},[65,19476,944],{"class":87},[65,19478,84],{"class":83},[65,19480,4042],{"class":79},[65,19482,19483,19485,19487,19489],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,19484,165],{"class":164},[65,19486,168],{"class":79},[65,19488,18883],{"class":147},[65,19490,174],{"class":79},[56,19492,19493],{"className":58,"code":18843,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,19494,19495,19527,19549],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,19496,19497,19499,19501,19503,19505,19507,19509,19511,19513,19515,19517,19519,19521,19523,19525],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,19498,18850],{"class":71},[65,19500,76],{"class":75},[65,19502,9321],{"class":1368},[65,19504,144],{"class":79},[65,19506,17397],{"class":147},[65,19508,3132],{"class":79},[65,19510,84],{"class":83},[65,19512,88],{"class":87},[65,19514,84],{"class":83},[65,19516,100],{"class":79},[65,19518,103],{"class":83},[65,19520,106],{"class":87},[65,19522,84],{"class":83},[65,19524,18177],{"class":79},[65,19526,18111],{"class":79},[65,19528,19529,19531,19533,19535,19537,19539,19541,19543,19545,19547],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,19530,18883],{"class":71},[65,19532,4054],{"class":79},[65,19534,84],{"class":83},[65,19536,88],{"class":87},[65,19538,84],{"class":83},[65,19540,13679],{"class":79},[65,19542,13682],{"class":147},[65,19544,168],{"class":79},[65,19546,3135],{"class":96},[65,19548,174],{"class":79},[65,19550,19551,19553,19555,19557],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,19552,165],{"class":164},[65,19554,168],{"class":79},[65,19556,18883],{"class":147},[65,19558,174],{"class":79},[56,19560,19562],{"className":58,"code":19561,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19563,19564],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,19565,19566,19568,19570,19572,19574,19576,19578,19580,19582,19584,19586,19588,19590,19592,19594,19596,19598,19600],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,19567,165],{"class":164},[65,19569,168],{"class":79},[65,19571,3370],{"class":1368},[65,19573,168],{"class":79},[65,19575,8972],{"class":1368},[65,19577,144],{"class":79},[65,19579,17397],{"class":147},[65,19581,3132],{"class":79},[65,19583,3135],{"class":96},[65,19585,100],{"class":79},[65,19587,113],{"class":96},[65,19589,100],{"class":79},[65,19591,127],{"class":96},[65,19593,18177],{"class":79},[65,19595,103],{"class":83},[65,19597,1714],{"class":87},[65,19599,84],{"class":83},[65,19601,3058],{"class":79},[51,19603,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,19605,1966,19607,19609],{"id":19606},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19608,17332],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19611,19612],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1059,19614,19616],{"id":19615},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19618,19619,19620,144],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19621,3930],{},[1059,19623,19625],{"id":19624},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19627,19628],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1059,19630,19632],{"id":19631},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19634,18267],{},[56,19636,19638],{"className":58,"code":19637,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19639,19640,19672],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,19641,19642,19644,19646,19648,19650,19652,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668,19670],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,19643,17356],{"class":71},[65,19645,76],{"class":75},[65,19647,3773],{"class":79},[65,19649,84],{"class":83},[65,19651,88],{"class":87},[65,19653,84],{"class":83},[65,19655,100],{"class":79},[65,19657,103],{"class":83},[65,19659,106],{"class":87},[65,19661,84],{"class":83},[65,19663,100],{"class":79},[65,19665,103],{"class":83},[65,19667,120],{"class":87},[65,19669,84],{"class":83},[65,19671,3786],{"class":79},[65,19673,19674,19676,19678,19680,19682,19684,19686,19688,19690,19692,19694],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,19675,72],{"class":71},[65,19677,76],{"class":75},[65,19679,80],{"class":79},[65,19681,487],{"class":71},[65,19683,93],{"class":79},[65,19685,18319],{"class":79},[65,19687,4030],{"class":1405},[65,19689,18324],{"class":71},[65,19691,4036],{"class":1405},[65,19693,18329],{"class":71},[65,19695,130],{"class":79},[51,19697,2015],{"id":2014},[30,19699,19700,19704,19708,19712,19718],{},[33,19701,19702],{},[88,19703,11387],{"href":13156},[33,19705,19706],{},[88,19707,9307],{"href":13153},[33,19709,19710],{},[88,19711,11396],{"href":18018},[33,19713,19714],{},[88,19715,10881,19716,10885],{"href":14162},[15,19717,15080],{},[33,19719,19720],{},[88,19721,10881,19722,10885],{"href":15125},[15,19723,12908],{},[20,19725,1309,19726,19728],{},[15,19727,17337],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2071,19730,19731],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":19733},[19734,19735,19737,19741,19742,19744,19749,19751,19758,19767,19768,19775],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":17437,"depth":133,"text":19736},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17481,"depth":133,"text":17482,"children":19738},[19739,19740],{"id":17508,"depth":154,"text":17509},{"id":17532,"depth":154,"text":17533},{"id":5938,"depth":133,"text":5939},{"id":17693,"depth":133,"text":19743},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18022,"depth":133,"text":18023,"children":19745},[19746,19747,19748],{"id":18052,"depth":154,"text":18053},{"id":18215,"depth":154,"text":18216},{"id":18263,"depth":154,"text":18264},{"id":18427,"depth":133,"text":19750},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18585,"depth":133,"text":19752,"children":19753},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19754,19756,19757],{"id":18596,"depth":154,"text":19755},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18661,"depth":154,"text":18662},{"id":18735,"depth":154,"text":18736},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":19759},[19760,19761,19763,19765],{"id":18839,"depth":154,"text":18840},{"id":19022,"depth":154,"text":19762},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19156,"depth":154,"text":19764},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19309,"depth":154,"text":19766},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19400,"depth":133,"text":19401},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":19769},[19770,19772,19773,19774],{"id":19606,"depth":154,"text":19771},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19615,"depth":154,"text":19616},{"id":19624,"depth":154,"text":19625},{"id":19631,"depth":154,"text":19632},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17324,"description":19776},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19783,"title":19784,"body":19785,"description":21613,"extension":2111,"meta":21614,"navigation":157,"path":21615,"seo":21616,"stem":21617,"__hash__":21618},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19786,"toc":21580},[19787,19792,19798,19808,19938,19945,19950,19954,19970,19972,20070,20073,20090,20094,20096,20101,20139,20142,20160,20162,20280,20285,20289,20305,20308,20444,20447,20452,20458,20461,20498,20501,20505,20510,20586,20590,20595,20677,20679,20695,20700,20704,20710,20779,20782,20799,20802,20884,20890,20893,20913,20917,20922,20928,20934,21005,21008,21014,21017,21091,21098,21104,21112,21122,21124,21219,21225,21230,21317,21323,21325,21330,21352,21355,21450,21453,21484,21497,21499,21507,21513,21519,21522,21528,21533,21540,21545,21547,21577],[10,19788,13,19790,18],{"id":19789},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19791,10884],{},[20,19793,19794,19795,19797],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19796,10884],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19799,19800,19801,1028,19803,2543,19805,19807],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19802,1369],{},[15,19804,10884],{},[15,19806,3930],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[56,19809,19811],{"className":58,"code":19810,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19812,19813,19849,19853,19879,19904],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,19814,19815,19817,19819,19821,19823,19825,19827,19829,19831,19833,19835,19837,19839,19841,19843,19845,19847],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,19816,360],{"class":71},[65,19818,76],{"class":75},[65,19820,80],{"class":79},[65,19822,84],{"class":83},[65,19824,369],{"class":87},[65,19826,84],{"class":83},[65,19828,93],{"class":79},[65,19830,103],{"class":83},[65,19832,542],{"class":87},[65,19834,84],{"class":83},[65,19836,100],{"class":79},[65,19838,103],{"class":83},[65,19840,387],{"class":87},[65,19842,84],{"class":83},[65,19844,93],{"class":79},[65,19846,394],{"class":96},[65,19848,130],{"class":79},[65,19850,19851],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,19852,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,19854,19855,19857,19859,19861,19863,19866,19868,19870,19872,19874,19876],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,19856,165],{"class":164},[65,19858,168],{"class":79},[65,19860,17421],{"class":147},[65,19862,144],{"class":79},[65,19864,19865],{"class":147},"get",[65,19867,168],{"class":79},[65,19869,84],{"class":83},[65,19871,369],{"class":87},[65,19873,84],{"class":83},[65,19875,5513],{"class":79},[65,19877,19878],{"class":3816},"           # Ana\n",[65,19880,19881,19883,19885,19887,19889,19891,19893,19895,19897,19899,19901],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,19882,165],{"class":164},[65,19884,168],{"class":79},[65,19886,17421],{"class":147},[65,19888,144],{"class":79},[65,19890,19865],{"class":147},[65,19892,168],{"class":79},[65,19894,84],{"class":83},[65,19896,10553],{"class":87},[65,19898,84],{"class":83},[65,19900,5513],{"class":79},[65,19902,19903],{"class":3816},"           # None\n",[65,19905,19906,19908,19910,19912,19914,19916,19918,19920,19922,19924,19926,19928,19931,19933,19935],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,19907,165],{"class":164},[65,19909,168],{"class":79},[65,19911,17421],{"class":147},[65,19913,144],{"class":79},[65,19915,19865],{"class":147},[65,19917,168],{"class":79},[65,19919,84],{"class":83},[65,19921,10553],{"class":87},[65,19923,84],{"class":83},[65,19925,100],{"class":79},[65,19927,103],{"class":83},[65,19929,19930],{"class":87},"N\u002FA",[65,19932,84],{"class":83},[65,19934,5513],{"class":79},[65,19936,19937],{"class":3816},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19939,1309,19940,19942,19943,144],{},[15,19941,10884],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19944,1369],{},[51,19946,252,19948,255],{"id":19947},"what-get-does",[15,19949,10884],{},[20,19951,22,19952,11555],{},[15,19953,10884],{},[30,19955,19956,19959,19964,19967],{},[33,19957,19958],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[33,19960,11566,19961,19963],{},[15,19962,3930],{}," if the key does not exist",[33,19965,19966],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[33,19968,19969],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19971,350],{},[56,19973,19975],{"className":58,"code":19974,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19976,19977,20016,20020,20045],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,19978,19979,19981,19983,19985,19987,19989,19991,19993,19995,19998,20000,20002,20004,20007,20009,20011,20014],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,19980,12994],{"class":71},[65,19982,76],{"class":75},[65,19984,80],{"class":79},[65,19986,84],{"class":83},[65,19988,369],{"class":87},[65,19990,84],{"class":83},[65,19992,93],{"class":79},[65,19994,103],{"class":83},[65,19996,19997],{"class":87},"Lina",[65,19999,84],{"class":83},[65,20001,100],{"class":79},[65,20003,103],{"class":83},[65,20005,20006],{"class":87},"grade",[65,20008,84],{"class":83},[65,20010,93],{"class":79},[65,20012,20013],{"class":96}," 90",[65,20015,130],{"class":79},[65,20017,20018],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,20019,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,20021,20022,20024,20026,20028,20030,20032,20034,20036,20038,20040,20042],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,20023,165],{"class":164},[65,20025,168],{"class":79},[65,20027,13755],{"class":147},[65,20029,144],{"class":79},[65,20031,19865],{"class":147},[65,20033,168],{"class":79},[65,20035,84],{"class":83},[65,20037,369],{"class":87},[65,20039,84],{"class":83},[65,20041,5513],{"class":79},[65,20043,20044],{"class":3816},"     # Lina\n",[65,20046,20047,20049,20051,20053,20055,20057,20059,20061,20063,20065,20067],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,20048,165],{"class":164},[65,20050,168],{"class":79},[65,20052,13755],{"class":147},[65,20054,144],{"class":79},[65,20056,19865],{"class":147},[65,20058,168],{"class":79},[65,20060,84],{"class":83},[65,20062,15385],{"class":87},[65,20064,84],{"class":83},[65,20066,5513],{"class":79},[65,20068,20069],{"class":3816},"    # None\n",[20,20071,20072],{},"In this example:",[30,20074,20075,20080],{},[33,20076,20077,20079],{},[15,20078,15366],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[33,20081,20082,20085,20086,2543,20088],{},[15,20083,20084],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20087,10884],{},[15,20089,3930],{},[20,20091,13150,20092,144],{},[88,20093,9307],{"href":9306},[51,20095,283],{"id":282},[20,20097,20098,20099,93],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20100,10884],{},[56,20102,20104],{"className":58,"code":20103,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20105,20106,20120],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,20107,20108,20110,20112,20114,20116,20118],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,20109,293],{"class":71},[65,20111,144],{"class":79},[65,20113,19865],{"class":147},[65,20115,168],{"class":79},[65,20117,487],{"class":147},[65,20119,174],{"class":79},[65,20121,20122,20124,20126,20128,20130,20132,20134,20137],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,20123,293],{"class":71},[65,20125,144],{"class":79},[65,20127,19865],{"class":147},[65,20129,168],{"class":79},[65,20131,487],{"class":147},[65,20133,100],{"class":79},[65,20135,20136],{"class":147}," default_value",[65,20138,174],{"class":79},[20,20140,20141],{},"What each part means:",[30,20143,20144,20149,20155],{},[33,20145,20146,20148],{},[15,20147,487],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[33,20150,20151,20154],{},[15,20152,20153],{},"default_value"," is optional",[33,20156,20157,20158],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20159,3930],{},[20,20161,350],{},[56,20163,20165],{"className":58,"code":20164,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20166,20167,20191,20195,20220,20246],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,20168,20169,20171,20173,20175,20177,20179,20181,20183,20185,20187,20189],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,20170,13955],{"class":71},[65,20172,76],{"class":75},[65,20174,80],{"class":79},[65,20176,84],{"class":83},[65,20178,12630],{"class":87},[65,20180,84],{"class":83},[65,20182,93],{"class":79},[65,20184,103],{"class":83},[65,20186,12639],{"class":87},[65,20188,84],{"class":83},[65,20190,130],{"class":79},[65,20192,20193],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,20194,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,20196,20197,20199,20201,20203,20205,20207,20209,20211,20213,20215,20217],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,20198,165],{"class":164},[65,20200,168],{"class":79},[65,20202,14014],{"class":147},[65,20204,144],{"class":79},[65,20206,19865],{"class":147},[65,20208,168],{"class":79},[65,20210,84],{"class":83},[65,20212,12630],{"class":87},[65,20214,84],{"class":83},[65,20216,5513],{"class":79},[65,20218,20219],{"class":3816},"            # dark\n",[65,20221,20222,20224,20226,20228,20230,20232,20234,20236,20239,20241,20243],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,20223,165],{"class":164},[65,20225,168],{"class":79},[65,20227,14014],{"class":147},[65,20229,144],{"class":79},[65,20231,19865],{"class":147},[65,20233,168],{"class":79},[65,20235,84],{"class":83},[65,20237,20238],{"class":87},"language",[65,20240,84],{"class":83},[65,20242,5513],{"class":79},[65,20244,20245],{"class":3816},"         # None\n",[65,20247,20248,20250,20252,20254,20256,20258,20260,20262,20264,20266,20268,20270,20273,20275,20277],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,20249,165],{"class":164},[65,20251,168],{"class":79},[65,20253,14014],{"class":147},[65,20255,144],{"class":79},[65,20257,19865],{"class":147},[65,20259,168],{"class":79},[65,20261,84],{"class":83},[65,20263,20238],{"class":87},[65,20265,84],{"class":83},[65,20267,100],{"class":79},[65,20269,103],{"class":83},[65,20271,20272],{"class":87},"en",[65,20274,84],{"class":83},[65,20276,5513],{"class":79},[65,20278,20279],{"class":3816},"   # en\n",[51,20281,1553,20283],{"id":20282},"when-to-use-get",[15,20284,10884],{},[20,20286,1309,20287,10745],{},[15,20288,10884],{},[30,20290,20291,20294,20299,20302],{},[33,20292,20293],{},"A key might not exist",[33,20295,20296,20297],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20298,1369],{},[33,20300,20301],{},"You are reading optional data",[33,20303,20304],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20306,20307],{},"Example with optional user data:",[56,20309,20311],{"className":58,"code":20310,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20312,20313,20355,20359,20384,20410],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,20314,20315,20317,20319,20321,20323,20325,20327,20329,20331,20334,20336,20338,20340,20342,20344,20346,20348,20351,20353],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,20316,11627],{"class":71},[65,20318,76],{"class":75},[65,20320,80],{"class":79},[65,20322,84],{"class":83},[65,20324,8136],{"class":87},[65,20326,84],{"class":83},[65,20328,93],{"class":79},[65,20330,103],{"class":83},[65,20332,20333],{"class":87},"sam",[65,20335,84],{"class":83},[65,20337,100],{"class":79},[65,20339,103],{"class":83},[65,20341,15385],{"class":87},[65,20343,84],{"class":83},[65,20345,93],{"class":79},[65,20347,103],{"class":83},[65,20349,20350],{"class":87},"sam@example.com",[65,20352,84],{"class":83},[65,20354,130],{"class":79},[65,20356,20357],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,20358,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,20360,20361,20363,20365,20367,20369,20371,20373,20375,20377,20379,20381],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,20362,165],{"class":164},[65,20364,168],{"class":79},[65,20366,11718],{"class":147},[65,20368,144],{"class":79},[65,20370,19865],{"class":147},[65,20372,168],{"class":79},[65,20374,84],{"class":83},[65,20376,8136],{"class":87},[65,20378,84],{"class":83},[65,20380,5513],{"class":79},[65,20382,20383],{"class":3816},"              # sam\n",[65,20385,20386,20388,20390,20392,20394,20396,20398,20400,20403,20405,20407],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,20387,165],{"class":164},[65,20389,168],{"class":79},[65,20391,11718],{"class":147},[65,20393,144],{"class":79},[65,20395,19865],{"class":147},[65,20397,168],{"class":79},[65,20399,84],{"class":83},[65,20401,20402],{"class":87},"phone",[65,20404,84],{"class":83},[65,20406,5513],{"class":79},[65,20408,20409],{"class":3816},"                 # None\n",[65,20411,20412,20414,20416,20418,20420,20422,20424,20426,20428,20430,20432,20434,20437,20439,20441],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,20413,165],{"class":164},[65,20415,168],{"class":79},[65,20417,11718],{"class":147},[65,20419,144],{"class":79},[65,20421,19865],{"class":147},[65,20423,168],{"class":79},[65,20425,84],{"class":83},[65,20427,20402],{"class":87},[65,20429,84],{"class":83},[65,20431,100],{"class":79},[65,20433,103],{"class":83},[65,20435,20436],{"class":87},"Not provided",[65,20438,84],{"class":83},[65,20440,5513],{"class":79},[65,20442,20443],{"class":3816}," # Not provided\n",[20,20445,20446],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20448,20449,20450,144],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[88,20451,16718],{"href":2061},[51,20453,20455,20457],{"id":20454},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20456,10884],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20459,20460],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[56,20462,20464],{"className":58,"code":20463,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20465,20466,20480],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,20467,20468,20470,20472,20474,20476,20478],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,20469,184],{"class":71},[65,20471,4054],{"class":79},[65,20473,84],{"class":83},[65,20475,487],{"class":87},[65,20477,84],{"class":83},[65,20479,3786],{"class":79},[65,20481,20482,20484,20486,20488,20490,20492,20494,20496],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,20483,184],{"class":71},[65,20485,144],{"class":79},[65,20487,19865],{"class":147},[65,20489,168],{"class":79},[65,20491,84],{"class":83},[65,20493,487],{"class":87},[65,20495,84],{"class":83},[65,20497,174],{"class":79},[20,20499,20500],{},"The difference is important.",[1059,20502,20504],{"id":20503},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20506,20507,20508,144],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20509,1369],{},[56,20511,20513],{"className":58,"code":20512,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20514,20515,20539,20543,20565],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,20516,20517,20519,20521,20523,20525,20527,20529,20531,20533,20535,20537],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,20518,72],{"class":71},[65,20520,76],{"class":75},[65,20522,80],{"class":79},[65,20524,84],{"class":83},[65,20526,369],{"class":87},[65,20528,84],{"class":83},[65,20530,93],{"class":79},[65,20532,103],{"class":83},[65,20534,542],{"class":87},[65,20536,84],{"class":83},[65,20538,130],{"class":79},[65,20540,20541],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,20542,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,20544,20545,20547,20549,20551,20553,20555,20557,20559,20562],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,20546,165],{"class":164},[65,20548,168],{"class":79},[65,20550,184],{"class":147},[65,20552,4054],{"class":79},[65,20554,84],{"class":83},[65,20556,369],{"class":87},[65,20558,84],{"class":83},[65,20560,20561],{"class":79},"])",[65,20563,20564],{"class":3816},"   # Ana\n",[65,20566,20567,20569,20571,20573,20575,20577,20579,20581,20583],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,20568,165],{"class":164},[65,20570,168],{"class":79},[65,20572,184],{"class":147},[65,20574,4054],{"class":79},[65,20576,84],{"class":83},[65,20578,10553],{"class":87},[65,20580,84],{"class":83},[65,20582,20561],{"class":79},[65,20584,20585],{"class":3816},"   # KeyError\n",[1059,20587,20588],{"id":19865},[15,20589,10884],{},[20,20591,20592,20594],{},[15,20593,10884],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[56,20596,20598],{"className":58,"code":20597,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20599,20600,20624,20628,20652],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,20601,20602,20604,20606,20608,20610,20612,20614,20616,20618,20620,20622],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,20603,72],{"class":71},[65,20605,76],{"class":75},[65,20607,80],{"class":79},[65,20609,84],{"class":83},[65,20611,369],{"class":87},[65,20613,84],{"class":83},[65,20615,93],{"class":79},[65,20617,103],{"class":83},[65,20619,542],{"class":87},[65,20621,84],{"class":83},[65,20623,130],{"class":79},[65,20625,20626],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,20627,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,20629,20630,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640,20642,20644,20646,20648,20650],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,20631,165],{"class":164},[65,20633,168],{"class":79},[65,20635,184],{"class":147},[65,20637,144],{"class":79},[65,20639,19865],{"class":147},[65,20641,168],{"class":79},[65,20643,84],{"class":83},[65,20645,369],{"class":87},[65,20647,84],{"class":83},[65,20649,5513],{"class":79},[65,20651,20564],{"class":3816},[65,20653,20654,20656,20658,20660,20662,20664,20666,20668,20670,20672,20674],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,20655,165],{"class":164},[65,20657,168],{"class":79},[65,20659,184],{"class":147},[65,20661,144],{"class":79},[65,20663,19865],{"class":147},[65,20665,168],{"class":79},[65,20667,84],{"class":83},[65,20669,10553],{"class":87},[65,20671,84],{"class":83},[65,20673,5513],{"class":79},[65,20675,20676],{"class":3816},"   # None\n",[20,20678,18810],{},[30,20680,20681,20687],{},[33,20682,20683,20684],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[46,20685,20686],{},"must exist",[33,20688,20689,20691,20692],{},[15,20690,10884],{}," when the key is ",[46,20693,20694],{},"optional",[20,20696,20697,20698,144],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[88,20699,11407],{"href":11219},[51,20701,20703],{"id":20702},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20705,20706,20707,20709],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20708,10884],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[56,20711,20713],{"className":58,"code":20712,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20714,20715,20740,20744],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,20716,20717,20720,20722,20724,20726,20728,20730,20732,20734,20736,20738],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,20718,20719],{"class":71},"profile ",[65,20721,76],{"class":75},[65,20723,80],{"class":79},[65,20725,84],{"class":83},[65,20727,369],{"class":87},[65,20729,84],{"class":83},[65,20731,93],{"class":79},[65,20733,103],{"class":83},[65,20735,8072],{"class":87},[65,20737,84],{"class":83},[65,20739,130],{"class":79},[65,20741,20742],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,20743,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,20745,20746,20748,20750,20753,20755,20757,20759,20761,20763,20765,20767,20769,20772,20774,20776],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,20747,165],{"class":164},[65,20749,168],{"class":79},[65,20751,20752],{"class":147},"profile",[65,20754,144],{"class":79},[65,20756,19865],{"class":147},[65,20758,168],{"class":79},[65,20760,84],{"class":83},[65,20762,15388],{"class":87},[65,20764,84],{"class":83},[65,20766,100],{"class":79},[65,20768,103],{"class":83},[65,20770,20771],{"class":87},"Unknown",[65,20773,84],{"class":83},[65,20775,5513],{"class":79},[65,20777,20778],{"class":3816},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20780,20781],{},"This is useful for display text:",[30,20783,20784,20789,20794],{},[33,20785,20786],{},[15,20787,20788],{},"\"Unknown\"",[33,20790,20791],{},[15,20792,20793],{},"\"Not set\"",[33,20795,20796],{},[15,20797,20798],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20800,20801],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[56,20803,20805],{"className":58,"code":20804,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20806,20807,20839,20843,20870],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,20808,20809,20811,20813,20815,20817,20819,20821,20823,20825,20827,20829,20831,20833,20835,20837],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,20810,519],{"class":71},[65,20812,76],{"class":75},[65,20814,80],{"class":79},[65,20816,84],{"class":83},[65,20818,18532],{"class":87},[65,20820,84],{"class":83},[65,20822,93],{"class":79},[65,20824,6157],{"class":96},[65,20826,100],{"class":79},[65,20828,103],{"class":83},[65,20830,18541],{"class":87},[65,20832,84],{"class":83},[65,20834,93],{"class":79},[65,20836,6513],{"class":96},[65,20838,130],{"class":79},[65,20840,20841],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,20842,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,20844,20845,20848,20850,20852,20854,20856,20858,20860,20862,20864,20866,20868],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,20846,20847],{"class":71},"total_history ",[65,20849,76],{"class":75},[65,20851,579],{"class":71},[65,20853,144],{"class":79},[65,20855,19865],{"class":147},[65,20857,168],{"class":79},[65,20859,84],{"class":83},[65,20861,18550],{"class":87},[65,20863,84],{"class":83},[65,20865,100],{"class":79},[65,20867,3986],{"class":96},[65,20869,174],{"class":79},[65,20871,20872,20874,20876,20879,20881],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,20873,165],{"class":164},[65,20875,168],{"class":79},[65,20877,20878],{"class":147},"total_history",[65,20880,3813],{"class":79},[65,20882,20883],{"class":3816},"   # 0\n",[20,20885,20886,20887,20889],{},"Here, ",[15,20888,2267],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20891,20892],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[30,20894,20895,20898,20903,20908],{},[33,20896,20897],{},"Use a string for text",[33,20899,1309,20900,20902],{},[15,20901,2267],{}," for numbers",[33,20904,1309,20905,20907],{},[15,20906,3939],{}," for lists if needed",[33,20909,1309,20910,20912],{},[15,20911,3944],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[51,20914,20916],{"id":20915},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20918,20919,20920,144],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20921,10884],{},[1059,20923,20925,20927],{"id":20924},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20926,10884],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20929,20930,20931,20933],{},"This code does ",[46,20932,1014],{}," create a new key:",[56,20935,20937],{"className":58,"code":20936,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20938,20939,20963,20967,20992],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,20940,20941,20943,20945,20947,20949,20951,20953,20955,20957,20959,20961],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,20942,360],{"class":71},[65,20944,76],{"class":75},[65,20946,80],{"class":79},[65,20948,84],{"class":83},[65,20950,369],{"class":87},[65,20952,84],{"class":83},[65,20954,93],{"class":79},[65,20956,103],{"class":83},[65,20958,542],{"class":87},[65,20960,84],{"class":83},[65,20962,130],{"class":79},[65,20964,20965],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,20966,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,20968,20969,20971,20973,20975,20977,20979,20981,20983,20985,20987,20989],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,20970,165],{"class":164},[65,20972,168],{"class":79},[65,20974,17421],{"class":147},[65,20976,144],{"class":79},[65,20978,19865],{"class":147},[65,20980,168],{"class":79},[65,20982,84],{"class":83},[65,20984,10553],{"class":87},[65,20986,84],{"class":83},[65,20988,5513],{"class":79},[65,20990,20991],{"class":3816},"  # None\n",[65,20993,20994,20996,20998,21000,21002],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,20995,165],{"class":164},[65,20997,168],{"class":79},[65,20999,17421],{"class":147},[65,21001,3813],{"class":79},[65,21003,21004],{"class":3816},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21006,21007],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1059,21009,21011,21013],{"id":21010},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21012,10884],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21015,21016],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[56,21018,21020],{"className":58,"code":21019,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21021,21022,21048,21052,21078],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,21023,21024,21026,21028,21030,21032,21035,21037,21039,21041,21044,21046],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,21025,13955],{"class":71},[65,21027,76],{"class":75},[65,21029,80],{"class":79},[65,21031,84],{"class":83},[65,21033,21034],{"class":87},"mode",[65,21036,84],{"class":83},[65,21038,93],{"class":79},[65,21040,103],{"class":83},[65,21042,21043],{"class":87},"light",[65,21045,84],{"class":83},[65,21047,130],{"class":79},[65,21049,21050],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,21051,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,21053,21054,21056,21058,21060,21062,21064,21066,21068,21070,21072,21074,21076],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,21055,14014],{"class":71},[65,21057,144],{"class":79},[65,21059,19865],{"class":147},[65,21061,168],{"class":79},[65,21063,84],{"class":83},[65,21065,12630],{"class":87},[65,21067,84],{"class":83},[65,21069,100],{"class":79},[65,21071,103],{"class":83},[65,21073,12639],{"class":87},[65,21075,84],{"class":83},[65,21077,174],{"class":79},[65,21079,21080,21082,21084,21086,21088],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,21081,165],{"class":164},[65,21083,168],{"class":79},[65,21085,14014],{"class":147},[65,21087,3813],{"class":79},[65,21089,21090],{"class":3816},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21092,21093,21094,21097],{},"Even though ",[15,21095,21096],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1059,21099,21101,21102],{"id":21100},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21103,3930],{},[20,21105,21106,21107,2543,21109,21111],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21108,10884],{},[15,21110,3930],{}," because:",[30,21113,21114,21117],{},[33,21115,21116],{},"The key is missing, or",[33,21118,21119,21120],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21121,3930],{},[20,21123,350],{},[56,21125,21127],{"className":58,"code":21126,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21128,21129,21166,21170,21194],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,21130,21131,21133,21135,21137,21139,21141,21143,21145,21147,21149,21151,21153,21155,21158,21160,21162,21164],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,21132,72],{"class":71},[65,21134,76],{"class":75},[65,21136,80],{"class":79},[65,21138,84],{"class":83},[65,21140,369],{"class":87},[65,21142,84],{"class":83},[65,21144,93],{"class":79},[65,21146,103],{"class":83},[65,21148,542],{"class":87},[65,21150,84],{"class":83},[65,21152,100],{"class":79},[65,21154,103],{"class":83},[65,21156,21157],{"class":87},"nickname",[65,21159,84],{"class":83},[65,21161,93],{"class":79},[65,21163,4006],{"class":4005},[65,21165,130],{"class":79},[65,21167,21168],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,21169,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,21171,21172,21174,21176,21178,21180,21182,21184,21186,21188,21190,21192],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,21173,165],{"class":164},[65,21175,168],{"class":79},[65,21177,184],{"class":147},[65,21179,144],{"class":79},[65,21181,19865],{"class":147},[65,21183,168],{"class":79},[65,21185,84],{"class":83},[65,21187,21157],{"class":87},[65,21189,84],{"class":83},[65,21191,5513],{"class":79},[65,21193,20991],{"class":3816},[65,21195,21196,21198,21200,21202,21204,21206,21208,21210,21212,21214,21216],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,21197,165],{"class":164},[65,21199,168],{"class":79},[65,21201,184],{"class":147},[65,21203,144],{"class":79},[65,21205,19865],{"class":147},[65,21207,168],{"class":79},[65,21209,84],{"class":83},[65,21211,10553],{"class":87},[65,21213,84],{"class":83},[65,21215,5513],{"class":79},[65,21217,21218],{"class":3816},"      # None\n",[20,21220,21221,21222,21224],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21223,3930],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21226,21227,21228,93],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21229,4036],{},[56,21231,21233],{"className":58,"code":21232,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21234,21235,21271,21275,21296],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,21236,21237,21239,21241,21243,21245,21247,21249,21251,21253,21255,21257,21259,21261,21263,21265,21267,21269],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,21238,72],{"class":71},[65,21240,76],{"class":75},[65,21242,80],{"class":79},[65,21244,84],{"class":83},[65,21246,369],{"class":87},[65,21248,84],{"class":83},[65,21250,93],{"class":79},[65,21252,103],{"class":83},[65,21254,542],{"class":87},[65,21256,84],{"class":83},[65,21258,100],{"class":79},[65,21260,103],{"class":83},[65,21262,21157],{"class":87},[65,21264,84],{"class":83},[65,21266,93],{"class":79},[65,21268,4006],{"class":4005},[65,21270,130],{"class":79},[65,21272,21273],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,21274,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,21276,21277,21279,21281,21283,21285,21287,21290,21292,21294],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,21278,165],{"class":164},[65,21280,168],{"class":79},[65,21282,84],{"class":83},[65,21284,21157],{"class":87},[65,21286,84],{"class":83},[65,21288,21289],{"class":1405}," in",[65,21291,141],{"class":147},[65,21293,3813],{"class":79},[65,21295,3817],{"class":3816},[65,21297,21298,21300,21302,21304,21306,21308,21310,21312,21314],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,21299,165],{"class":164},[65,21301,168],{"class":79},[65,21303,84],{"class":83},[65,21305,10553],{"class":87},[65,21307,84],{"class":83},[65,21309,21289],{"class":1405},[65,21311,141],{"class":147},[65,21313,3813],{"class":79},[65,21315,21316],{"class":3816},"      # False\n",[20,21318,21319,21320,144],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[88,21321,21322],{"href":17267},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[51,21324,1766],{"id":1765},[20,21326,21327,21328,93],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21329,10884],{},[30,21331,21332,21337,21344,21349],{},[33,21333,21334,21335],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21336,1369],{},[33,21338,1812,21339,2543,21341,21343],{},[15,21340,10884],{},[15,21342,3930],{}," if no default is provided",[33,21345,4736,21346,21348],{},[15,21347,10884],{}," creates a key automatically",[33,21350,21351],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21353,21354],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[56,21356,21358],{"className":58,"code":21357,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21359,21360,21370,21384,21402,21424],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,21361,21362,21364,21366,21368],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,21363,165],{"class":164},[65,21365,168],{"class":79},[65,21367,1852],{"class":147},[65,21369,174],{"class":79},[65,21371,21372,21374,21376,21378,21380,21382],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,21373,165],{"class":164},[65,21375,168],{"class":79},[65,21377,1852],{"class":147},[65,21379,144],{"class":79},[65,21381,17044],{"class":147},[65,21383,980],{"class":79},[65,21385,21386,21388,21390,21392,21394,21396,21398,21400],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,21387,165],{"class":164},[65,21389,168],{"class":79},[65,21391,203],{"class":83},[65,21393,369],{"class":87},[65,21395,203],{"class":83},[65,21397,21289],{"class":1405},[65,21399,1883],{"class":147},[65,21401,174],{"class":79},[65,21403,21404,21406,21408,21410,21412,21414,21416,21418,21420,21422],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,21405,165],{"class":164},[65,21407,168],{"class":79},[65,21409,1852],{"class":147},[65,21411,144],{"class":79},[65,21413,19865],{"class":147},[65,21415,168],{"class":79},[65,21417,203],{"class":83},[65,21419,369],{"class":87},[65,21421,203],{"class":83},[65,21423,1870],{"class":79},[65,21425,21426,21428,21430,21432,21434,21436,21438,21440,21442,21444,21446,21448],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,21427,165],{"class":164},[65,21429,168],{"class":79},[65,21431,3370],{"class":1368},[65,21433,168],{"class":79},[65,21435,1852],{"class":147},[65,21437,144],{"class":79},[65,21439,19865],{"class":147},[65,21441,168],{"class":79},[65,21443,203],{"class":83},[65,21445,369],{"class":87},[65,21447,203],{"class":83},[65,21449,3058],{"class":79},[20,21451,21452],{},"What these checks tell you:",[30,21454,21455,21460,21466,21472,21478],{},[33,21456,21457,21459],{},[15,21458,12813],{}," shows the full dictionary",[33,21461,21462,21465],{},[15,21463,21464],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[33,21467,21468,21471],{},[15,21469,21470],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[33,21473,21474,21477],{},[15,21475,21476],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[33,21479,21480,21483],{},[15,21481,21482],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21485,21486,21487,1048,21492,21496],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[88,21488,21489,21490,10885],{"href":1031},"the dictionary ",[15,21491,1034],{},[88,21493,21489,21494,10885],{"href":1024},[15,21495,1027],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[51,21498,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,21500,1966,21502,21504,21505,2637],{"id":21501},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21503,10884],{}," raise ",[15,21506,1369],{},[20,21508,21509,21510,21512],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21511,3930],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1059,21514,1966,21516,21518],{"id":21515},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21517,10884],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21520,21521],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1059,21523,21525,21526,2637],{"id":21524},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21527,10884],{},[20,21529,21530,21532],{},[15,21531,3930],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1059,21534,21536,21537,21539],{"id":21535},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21538,10884],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21541,1309,21542,21544],{},[15,21543,10884],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[51,21546,2015],{"id":2014},[30,21548,21549,21553,21559,21565,21569,21573],{},[33,21550,21551],{},[88,21552,9307],{"href":9306},[33,21554,21555],{},[88,21556,10881,21557,10885],{"href":1031},[15,21558,1034],{},[33,21560,21561],{},[88,21562,10881,21563,10885],{"href":1024},[15,21564,1027],{},[33,21566,21567],{},[88,21568,17268],{"href":17267},[33,21570,21571],{},[88,21572,2062],{"href":2061},[33,21574,21575],{},[88,21576,11407],{"href":11219},[2071,21578,21579],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":21581},[21582,21584,21585,21587,21592,21593,21601,21602,21612],{"id":19947,"depth":133,"text":21583},"What get() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":20282,"depth":133,"text":21586},"When to use get()",{"id":20454,"depth":133,"text":21588,"children":21589},"get() vs square brackets",[21590,21591],{"id":20503,"depth":154,"text":20504},{"id":19865,"depth":154,"text":10884},{"id":20702,"depth":133,"text":20703},{"id":20915,"depth":133,"text":20916,"children":21594},[21595,21597,21599],{"id":20924,"depth":154,"text":21596},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21010,"depth":154,"text":21598},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21100,"depth":154,"text":21600},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":21603},[21604,21606,21608,21610],{"id":21501,"depth":154,"text":21605},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21515,"depth":154,"text":21607},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21524,"depth":154,"text":21609},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21535,"depth":154,"text":21611},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19784,"description":21613},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21620,"title":21621,"body":21622,"description":24170,"extension":2111,"meta":24171,"navigation":157,"path":24172,"seo":24173,"stem":24174,"__hash__":24175},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21623,"toc":24136},[21624,21629,21635,21641,21643,21723,21727,21744,21749,21754,21759,21761,21774,21776,21839,21843,21883,21891,21893,21895,21910,21913,21926,21928,22007,22011,22077,22079,22083,22090,22092,22103,22105,22214,22218,22297,22303,22309,22314,22424,22428,22460,22463,22570,22576,22583,22587,22590,22693,22697,22758,22761,22764,22775,22784,22787,22804,22806,22905,22909,22984,22987,23010,23015,23020,23037,23039,23160,23164,23198,23200,23205,23212,23222,23224,23302,23305,23376,23386,23389,23420,23423,23462,23468,23475,23478,23569,23573,23654,23660,23663,23666,23771,23774,23777,23899,23903,23906,23973,23977,24014,24020,24022,24028,24033,24039,24046,24052,24055,24094,24100,24103,24105,24133],[10,21625,13,21627,18],{"id":21626},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21628,1027],{},[20,21630,22,21631,21634],{},[15,21632,21633],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21636,21637,21638,21640],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21639,1027],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[51,21642,54],{"id":53},[56,21644,21646],{"className":58,"code":21645,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21647,21648,21684,21688,21709],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,21649,21650,21652,21654,21656,21658,21660,21662,21664,21666,21668,21670,21672,21674,21676,21678,21680,21682],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,21651,360],{"class":71},[65,21653,76],{"class":75},[65,21655,80],{"class":79},[65,21657,84],{"class":83},[65,21659,369],{"class":87},[65,21661,84],{"class":83},[65,21663,93],{"class":79},[65,21665,103],{"class":83},[65,21667,542],{"class":87},[65,21669,84],{"class":83},[65,21671,100],{"class":79},[65,21673,103],{"class":83},[65,21675,387],{"class":87},[65,21677,84],{"class":83},[65,21679,93],{"class":79},[65,21681,394],{"class":96},[65,21683,130],{"class":79},[65,21685,21686],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,21687,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,21689,21690,21692,21694,21696,21698,21700,21702,21704,21706],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,21691,6110],{"class":1405},[65,21693,801],{"class":71},[65,21695,100],{"class":79},[65,21697,492],{"class":71},[65,21699,4036],{"class":1405},[65,21701,406],{"class":71},[65,21703,144],{"class":79},[65,21705,7960],{"class":147},[65,21707,21708],{"class":79},"():\n",[65,21710,21711,21713,21715,21717,21719,21721],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,21712,1431],{"class":164},[65,21714,168],{"class":79},[65,21716,487],{"class":147},[65,21718,100],{"class":79},[65,21720,821],{"class":147},[65,21722,174],{"class":79},[20,21724,21725],{},[46,21726,191],{},[56,21728,21730],{"className":58,"code":21729,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21731,21732,21737],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,21733,21734],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,21735,21736],{"class":71},"name Ana\n",[65,21738,21739,21742],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,21740,21741],{"class":71},"age ",[65,21743,2855],{"class":96},[20,21745,1309,21746,21748],{},[15,21747,1027],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[51,21750,252,21752,255],{"id":21751},"what-items-does",[15,21753,1027],{},[20,21755,21756,21758],{},[15,21757,1027],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21760,302],{},[30,21762,21763,21768,21771],{},[33,21764,21765,21766],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21767,270],{},[33,21769,21770],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[33,21772,21773],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21775,350],{},[56,21777,21779],{"className":58,"code":21778,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21780,21781,21817,21821],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,21782,21783,21785,21787,21789,21791,21793,21795,21797,21799,21801,21803,21805,21807,21809,21811,21813,21815],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,21784,360],{"class":71},[65,21786,76],{"class":75},[65,21788,80],{"class":79},[65,21790,84],{"class":83},[65,21792,369],{"class":87},[65,21794,84],{"class":83},[65,21796,93],{"class":79},[65,21798,103],{"class":83},[65,21800,542],{"class":87},[65,21802,84],{"class":83},[65,21804,100],{"class":79},[65,21806,103],{"class":83},[65,21808,387],{"class":87},[65,21810,84],{"class":83},[65,21812,93],{"class":79},[65,21814,394],{"class":96},[65,21816,130],{"class":79},[65,21818,21819],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,21820,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,21822,21823,21825,21827,21829,21831,21833,21835,21837],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,21824,165],{"class":164},[65,21826,168],{"class":79},[65,21828,8244],{"class":1368},[65,21830,168],{"class":79},[65,21832,17421],{"class":147},[65,21834,144],{"class":79},[65,21836,7960],{"class":147},[65,21838,6443],{"class":79},[20,21840,21841],{},[46,21842,191],{},[56,21844,21846],{"className":58,"code":21845,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21847,21848],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,21849,21850,21853,21855,21857,21859,21861,21863,21865,21867,21869,21871,21873,21875,21877,21879,21881],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,21851,21852],{"class":79},"[(",[65,21854,203],{"class":83},[65,21856,369],{"class":87},[65,21858,203],{"class":83},[65,21860,100],{"class":79},[65,21862,233],{"class":83},[65,21864,542],{"class":87},[65,21866,203],{"class":83},[65,21868,9383],{"class":79},[65,21870,648],{"class":79},[65,21872,203],{"class":83},[65,21874,387],{"class":87},[65,21876,203],{"class":83},[65,21878,100],{"class":79},[65,21880,394],{"class":96},[65,21882,9398],{"class":79},[20,21884,21885,21886,3024,21888,144],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[88,21887,9307],{"href":13153},[88,21889,15151],{"href":21890},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[51,21892,283],{"id":282},[20,21894,5586],{},[56,21896,21898],{"className":58,"code":21897,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21899,21900],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,21901,21902,21904,21906,21908],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,21903,1852],{"class":71},[65,21905,144],{"class":79},[65,21907,7960],{"class":147},[65,21909,151],{"class":79},[20,21911,21912],{},"Things to remember:",[30,21914,21915,21920,21923],{},[33,21916,21917,21919],{},[15,21918,1027],{}," does not take any arguments",[33,21921,21922],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[33,21924,21925],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21927,350],{},[56,21929,21931],{"className":58,"code":21930,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21932,21933,21965,21969,21983,21987,21997],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,21934,21935,21937,21939,21941,21943,21945,21947,21949,21951,21953,21955,21957,21959,21961,21963],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,21936,519],{"class":71},[65,21938,76],{"class":75},[65,21940,80],{"class":79},[65,21942,84],{"class":83},[65,21944,378],{"class":87},[65,21946,84],{"class":83},[65,21948,93],{"class":79},[65,21950,20013],{"class":96},[65,21952,100],{"class":79},[65,21954,103],{"class":83},[65,21956,5167],{"class":87},[65,21958,84],{"class":83},[65,21960,93],{"class":79},[65,21962,13636],{"class":96},[65,21964,130],{"class":79},[65,21966,21967],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,21968,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,21970,21971,21973,21975,21977,21979,21981],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,21972,401],{"class":71},[65,21974,76],{"class":75},[65,21976,579],{"class":71},[65,21978,144],{"class":79},[65,21980,7960],{"class":147},[65,21982,151],{"class":79},[65,21984,21985],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,21986,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,21988,21989,21991,21993,21995],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,21990,165],{"class":164},[65,21992,168],{"class":79},[65,21994,425],{"class":147},[65,21996,174],{"class":79},[65,21998,21999,22001,22003,22005],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,22000,165],{"class":164},[65,22002,168],{"class":79},[65,22004,16511],{"class":147},[65,22006,174],{"class":79},[20,22008,22009],{},[46,22010,191],{},[56,22012,22014],{"className":58,"code":22013,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22015,22016,22049],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,22017,22018,22021,22023,22025,22027,22029,22031,22033,22035,22037,22039,22041,22043,22045,22047],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,22019,22020],{"class":147},"dict_items",[65,22022,9803],{"class":79},[65,22024,203],{"class":83},[65,22026,378],{"class":87},[65,22028,203],{"class":83},[65,22030,100],{"class":79},[65,22032,20013],{"class":96},[65,22034,9383],{"class":79},[65,22036,648],{"class":79},[65,22038,203],{"class":83},[65,22040,5167],{"class":87},[65,22042,203],{"class":83},[65,22044,100],{"class":79},[65,22046,13636],{"class":96},[65,22048,10823],{"class":79},[65,22050,22051,22053,22055,22057,22059,22061,22063,22065,22067,22069,22071,22073,22075],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,22052,218],{"class":79},[65,22054,203],{"class":83},[65,22056,378],{"class":87},[65,22058,203],{"class":83},[65,22060,93],{"class":79},[65,22062,20013],{"class":96},[65,22064,100],{"class":79},[65,22066,233],{"class":83},[65,22068,5167],{"class":87},[65,22070,203],{"class":83},[65,22072,93],{"class":79},[65,22074,13636],{"class":96},[65,22076,130],{"class":79},[20,22078,21007],{},[51,22080,22082],{"id":22081},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22084,22085,1832,22087,22089],{},[15,22086,1027],{},[15,22088,22020],{}," view object.",[20,22091,2254],{},[30,22093,22094,22097,22100],{},[33,22095,22096],{},"You can loop over it",[33,22098,22099],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[33,22101,22102],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22104,350],{},[56,22106,22108],{"className":58,"code":22107,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22109,22110,22142,22156,22160,22174,22178,22196,22200],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,22111,22112,22114,22116,22118,22120,22122,22124,22126,22128,22130,22132,22134,22136,22138,22140],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,22113,72],{"class":71},[65,22115,76],{"class":75},[65,22117,80],{"class":79},[65,22119,84],{"class":83},[65,22121,931],{"class":87},[65,22123,84],{"class":83},[65,22125,93],{"class":79},[65,22127,97],{"class":96},[65,22129,100],{"class":79},[65,22131,103],{"class":83},[65,22133,944],{"class":87},[65,22135,84],{"class":83},[65,22137,93],{"class":79},[65,22139,113],{"class":96},[65,22141,130],{"class":79},[65,22143,22144,22146,22148,22150,22152,22154],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,22145,9365],{"class":71},[65,22147,76],{"class":75},[65,22149,141],{"class":71},[65,22151,144],{"class":79},[65,22153,7960],{"class":147},[65,22155,151],{"class":79},[65,22157,22158],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,22159,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,22161,22162,22164,22166,22168,22170,22172],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,22163,165],{"class":164},[65,22165,168],{"class":79},[65,22167,8244],{"class":1368},[65,22169,168],{"class":79},[65,22171,9411],{"class":147},[65,22173,1870],{"class":79},[65,22175,22176],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,22177,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,22179,22180,22182,22184,22186,22188,22190,22192,22194],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,22181,184],{"class":71},[65,22183,4054],{"class":79},[65,22185,84],{"class":83},[65,22187,957],{"class":87},[65,22189,84],{"class":83},[65,22191,13402],{"class":79},[65,22193,13405],{"class":75},[65,22195,2723],{"class":96},[65,22197,22198],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,22199,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,22201,22202,22204,22206,22208,22210,22212],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,22203,165],{"class":164},[65,22205,168],{"class":79},[65,22207,8244],{"class":1368},[65,22209,168],{"class":79},[65,22211,9411],{"class":147},[65,22213,1870],{"class":79},[20,22215,22216],{},[46,22217,191],{},[56,22219,22221],{"className":58,"code":22220,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22222,22223,22253],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,22224,22225,22227,22229,22231,22233,22235,22237,22239,22241,22243,22245,22247,22249,22251],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,22226,21852],{"class":79},[65,22228,203],{"class":83},[65,22230,931],{"class":87},[65,22232,203],{"class":83},[65,22234,100],{"class":79},[65,22236,97],{"class":96},[65,22238,9383],{"class":79},[65,22240,648],{"class":79},[65,22242,203],{"class":83},[65,22244,944],{"class":87},[65,22246,203],{"class":83},[65,22248,100],{"class":79},[65,22250,113],{"class":96},[65,22252,9398],{"class":79},[65,22254,22255,22257,22259,22261,22263,22265,22267,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279,22281,22283,22285,22287,22289,22291,22293,22295],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,22256,21852],{"class":79},[65,22258,203],{"class":83},[65,22260,931],{"class":87},[65,22262,203],{"class":83},[65,22264,100],{"class":79},[65,22266,97],{"class":96},[65,22268,9383],{"class":79},[65,22270,648],{"class":79},[65,22272,203],{"class":83},[65,22274,944],{"class":87},[65,22276,203],{"class":83},[65,22278,100],{"class":79},[65,22280,113],{"class":96},[65,22282,9383],{"class":79},[65,22284,648],{"class":79},[65,22286,203],{"class":83},[65,22288,957],{"class":87},[65,22290,203],{"class":83},[65,22292,100],{"class":79},[65,22294,127],{"class":96},[65,22296,9398],{"class":79},[20,22298,22299,22300,22302],{},"This happens because ",[15,22301,9411],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[51,22304,22306,22307],{"id":22305},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22308,1027],{},[20,22310,22311,22312,93],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22313,1027],{},[56,22315,22317],{"className":58,"code":22316,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22318,22319,22372,22376,22396],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,22320,22321,22323,22325,22327,22329,22331,22333,22335,22337,22339,22341,22343,22345,22347,22349,22351,22353,22356,22358,22360,22362,22364,22366,22368,22370],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,22322,12994],{"class":71},[65,22324,76],{"class":75},[65,22326,80],{"class":79},[65,22328,84],{"class":83},[65,22330,369],{"class":87},[65,22332,84],{"class":83},[65,22334,93],{"class":79},[65,22336,103],{"class":83},[65,22338,8072],{"class":87},[65,22340,84],{"class":83},[65,22342,100],{"class":79},[65,22344,103],{"class":83},[65,22346,20006],{"class":87},[65,22348,84],{"class":83},[65,22350,93],{"class":79},[65,22352,103],{"class":83},[65,22354,22355],{"class":87},"A",[65,22357,84],{"class":83},[65,22359,100],{"class":79},[65,22361,103],{"class":83},[65,22363,387],{"class":87},[65,22365,84],{"class":83},[65,22367,93],{"class":79},[65,22369,13987],{"class":96},[65,22371,130],{"class":79},[65,22373,22374],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,22375,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,22377,22378,22380,22382,22384,22386,22388,22390,22392,22394],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,22379,6110],{"class":1405},[65,22381,801],{"class":71},[65,22383,100],{"class":79},[65,22385,492],{"class":71},[65,22387,4036],{"class":1405},[65,22389,13036],{"class":71},[65,22391,144],{"class":79},[65,22393,7960],{"class":147},[65,22395,21708],{"class":79},[65,22397,22398,22400,22402,22404,22406,22408,22410,22412,22414,22416,22418,22420,22422],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,22399,1431],{"class":164},[65,22401,168],{"class":79},[65,22403,1697],{"class":1696},[65,22405,84],{"class":87},[65,22407,218],{"class":96},[65,22409,487],{"class":147},[65,22411,1706],{"class":96},[65,22413,1709],{"class":87},[65,22415,218],{"class":96},[65,22417,1714],{"class":147},[65,22419,1706],{"class":96},[65,22421,84],{"class":87},[65,22423,174],{"class":79},[20,22425,22426],{},[46,22427,191],{},[56,22429,22431],{"className":58,"code":22430,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22432,22433,22442,22451],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,22434,22435,22437,22439],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,22436,369],{"class":71},[65,22438,93],{"class":79},[65,22440,22441],{"class":71}," Mia\n",[65,22443,22444,22446,22448],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,22445,20006],{"class":71},[65,22447,93],{"class":79},[65,22449,22450],{"class":71}," A\n",[65,22452,22453,22455,22457],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,22454,387],{"class":71},[65,22456,93],{"class":79},[65,22458,22459],{"class":96}," 14\n",[20,22461,22462],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[56,22464,22466],{"className":58,"code":22465,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22467,22468,22520,22524,22536],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,22469,22470,22472,22474,22476,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504,22506,22508,22510,22512,22514,22516,22518],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,22471,12994],{"class":71},[65,22473,76],{"class":75},[65,22475,80],{"class":79},[65,22477,84],{"class":83},[65,22479,369],{"class":87},[65,22481,84],{"class":83},[65,22483,93],{"class":79},[65,22485,103],{"class":83},[65,22487,8072],{"class":87},[65,22489,84],{"class":83},[65,22491,100],{"class":79},[65,22493,103],{"class":83},[65,22495,20006],{"class":87},[65,22497,84],{"class":83},[65,22499,93],{"class":79},[65,22501,103],{"class":83},[65,22503,22355],{"class":87},[65,22505,84],{"class":83},[65,22507,100],{"class":79},[65,22509,103],{"class":83},[65,22511,387],{"class":87},[65,22513,84],{"class":83},[65,22515,93],{"class":79},[65,22517,13987],{"class":96},[65,22519,130],{"class":79},[65,22521,22522],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,22523,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,22525,22526,22528,22530,22532,22534],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,22527,6110],{"class":1405},[65,22529,18324],{"class":71},[65,22531,4036],{"class":1405},[65,22533,13036],{"class":71},[65,22535,1411],{"class":79},[65,22537,22538,22540,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558,22560,22562,22564,22566,22568],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,22539,1431],{"class":164},[65,22541,168],{"class":79},[65,22543,1697],{"class":1696},[65,22545,84],{"class":87},[65,22547,218],{"class":96},[65,22549,487],{"class":147},[65,22551,1706],{"class":96},[65,22553,1709],{"class":87},[65,22555,218],{"class":96},[65,22557,13755],{"class":147},[65,22559,4054],{"class":79},[65,22561,487],{"class":147},[65,22563,13402],{"class":79},[65,22565,1706],{"class":96},[65,22567,84],{"class":87},[65,22569,174],{"class":79},[20,22571,6661,22572,22575],{},[15,22573,22574],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22577,22578,22579,144],{},"For a full guide, see ",[88,22580,22582],{"href":22581},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[51,22584,22586],{"id":22585},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22588,22589],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[56,22591,22593],{"className":58,"code":22592,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22594,22595,22654,22658,22678,22682],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,22596,22597,22599,22601,22603,22605,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617,22619,22621,22623,22625,22627,22629,22632,22634,22636,22638,22641,22643,22645,22647,22650,22652],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,22598,13206],{"class":71},[65,22600,76],{"class":75},[65,22602,80],{"class":79},[65,22604,84],{"class":83},[65,22606,4234],{"class":87},[65,22608,84],{"class":83},[65,22610,93],{"class":79},[65,22612,103],{"class":83},[65,22614,13223],{"class":87},[65,22616,84],{"class":83},[65,22618,100],{"class":79},[65,22620,103],{"class":83},[65,22622,4243],{"class":87},[65,22624,84],{"class":83},[65,22626,93],{"class":79},[65,22628,103],{"class":83},[65,22630,22631],{"class":87},"yellow",[65,22633,84],{"class":83},[65,22635,100],{"class":79},[65,22637,103],{"class":83},[65,22639,22640],{"class":87},"grape",[65,22642,84],{"class":83},[65,22644,93],{"class":79},[65,22646,103],{"class":83},[65,22648,22649],{"class":87},"purple",[65,22651,84],{"class":83},[65,22653,130],{"class":79},[65,22655,22656],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,22657,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,22659,22660,22663,22665,22668,22670,22672,22674,22676],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,22661,22662],{"class":71},"pairs_list ",[65,22664,76],{"class":75},[65,22666,22667],{"class":1368}," list",[65,22669,168],{"class":79},[65,22671,17617],{"class":147},[65,22673,144],{"class":79},[65,22675,7960],{"class":147},[65,22677,980],{"class":79},[65,22679,22680],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,22681,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,22683,22684,22686,22688,22691],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,22685,165],{"class":164},[65,22687,168],{"class":79},[65,22689,22690],{"class":147},"pairs_list",[65,22692,174],{"class":79},[20,22694,22695],{},[46,22696,191],{},[56,22698,22700],{"className":58,"code":22699,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22701,22702],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,22703,22704,22706,22708,22710,22712,22714,22716,22718,22720,22722,22724,22726,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754,22756],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,22705,21852],{"class":79},[65,22707,203],{"class":83},[65,22709,4234],{"class":87},[65,22711,203],{"class":83},[65,22713,100],{"class":79},[65,22715,233],{"class":83},[65,22717,13223],{"class":87},[65,22719,203],{"class":83},[65,22721,9383],{"class":79},[65,22723,648],{"class":79},[65,22725,203],{"class":83},[65,22727,4243],{"class":87},[65,22729,203],{"class":83},[65,22731,100],{"class":79},[65,22733,233],{"class":83},[65,22735,22631],{"class":87},[65,22737,203],{"class":83},[65,22739,9383],{"class":79},[65,22741,648],{"class":79},[65,22743,203],{"class":83},[65,22745,22640],{"class":87},[65,22747,203],{"class":83},[65,22749,100],{"class":79},[65,22751,233],{"class":83},[65,22753,22649],{"class":87},[65,22755,203],{"class":83},[65,22757,9398],{"class":79},[20,22759,22760],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22762,22763],{},"Use this when:",[30,22765,22766,22769,22772],{},[33,22767,22768],{},"You want clearer printed output",[33,22770,22771],{},"You need list behavior",[33,22773,22774],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[51,22776,22778,10729,22780,10729,22782],{"id":22777},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22779,1027],{},[15,22781,1034],{},[15,22783,1041],{},[20,22785,22786],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[30,22788,22789,22794,22799],{},[33,22790,22791,22793],{},[15,22792,1027],{}," gives both key and value",[33,22795,22796,22798],{},[15,22797,1034],{}," gives only keys",[33,22800,22801,22803],{},[15,22802,1041],{}," gives only values",[20,22805,350],{},[56,22807,22809],{"className":58,"code":22808,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22810,22811,22847,22851,22869,22887],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,22812,22813,22815,22817,22819,22821,22823,22825,22827,22829,22831,22833,22835,22837,22839,22841,22843,22845],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,22814,360],{"class":71},[65,22816,76],{"class":75},[65,22818,80],{"class":79},[65,22820,84],{"class":83},[65,22822,369],{"class":87},[65,22824,84],{"class":83},[65,22826,93],{"class":79},[65,22828,103],{"class":83},[65,22830,542],{"class":87},[65,22832,84],{"class":83},[65,22834,100],{"class":79},[65,22836,103],{"class":83},[65,22838,387],{"class":87},[65,22840,84],{"class":83},[65,22842,93],{"class":79},[65,22844,394],{"class":96},[65,22846,130],{"class":79},[65,22848,22849],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,22850,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,22852,22853,22855,22857,22859,22861,22863,22865,22867],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,22854,165],{"class":164},[65,22856,168],{"class":79},[65,22858,8244],{"class":1368},[65,22860,168],{"class":79},[65,22862,17421],{"class":147},[65,22864,144],{"class":79},[65,22866,17044],{"class":147},[65,22868,6443],{"class":79},[65,22870,22871,22873,22875,22877,22879,22881,22883,22885],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,22872,165],{"class":164},[65,22874,168],{"class":79},[65,22876,8244],{"class":1368},[65,22878,168],{"class":79},[65,22880,17421],{"class":147},[65,22882,144],{"class":79},[65,22884,5510],{"class":147},[65,22886,6443],{"class":79},[65,22888,22889,22891,22893,22895,22897,22899,22901,22903],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,22890,165],{"class":164},[65,22892,168],{"class":79},[65,22894,8244],{"class":1368},[65,22896,168],{"class":79},[65,22898,17421],{"class":147},[65,22900,144],{"class":79},[65,22902,7960],{"class":147},[65,22904,6443],{"class":79},[20,22906,22907],{},[46,22908,191],{},[56,22910,22912],{"className":58,"code":22911,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22913,22914,22934,22950],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,22915,22916,22918,22920,22922,22924,22926,22928,22930,22932],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,22917,4054],{"class":79},[65,22919,203],{"class":83},[65,22921,369],{"class":87},[65,22923,203],{"class":83},[65,22925,100],{"class":79},[65,22927,233],{"class":83},[65,22929,387],{"class":87},[65,22931,203],{"class":83},[65,22933,3786],{"class":79},[65,22935,22936,22938,22940,22942,22944,22946,22948],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,22937,4054],{"class":79},[65,22939,203],{"class":83},[65,22941,542],{"class":87},[65,22943,203],{"class":83},[65,22945,100],{"class":79},[65,22947,394],{"class":96},[65,22949,3786],{"class":79},[65,22951,22952,22954,22956,22958,22960,22962,22964,22966,22968,22970,22972,22974,22976,22978,22980,22982],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,22953,21852],{"class":79},[65,22955,203],{"class":83},[65,22957,369],{"class":87},[65,22959,203],{"class":83},[65,22961,100],{"class":79},[65,22963,233],{"class":83},[65,22965,542],{"class":87},[65,22967,203],{"class":83},[65,22969,9383],{"class":79},[65,22971,648],{"class":79},[65,22973,203],{"class":83},[65,22975,387],{"class":87},[65,22977,203],{"class":83},[65,22979,100],{"class":79},[65,22981,394],{"class":96},[65,22983,9398],{"class":79},[20,22985,22986],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[30,22988,22989,22997,23005],{},[33,22990,22991,22992],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[88,22993,22995],{"href":22994},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22996,1034],{},[33,22998,22999,23000],{},"Need just values? Use ",[88,23001,23003],{"href":23002},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23004,1041],{},[33,23006,23007,23008],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23009,1027],{},[51,23011,1553,23013],{"id":23012},"when-to-use-items",[15,23014,1027],{},[20,23016,23017,23019],{},[15,23018,1027],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[30,23021,23022,23025,23028,23031,23034],{},[33,23023,23024],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[33,23026,23027],{},"Building formatted output",[33,23029,23030],{},"Looping through settings and values",[33,23032,23033],{},"Showing names with scores",[33,23035,23036],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23038,350],{},[56,23040,23042],{"className":58,"code":23041,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23043,23044,23052,23070,23089,23101,23105,23109,23130],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,23045,23046,23048,23050],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,23047,13955],{"class":71},[65,23049,76],{"class":75},[65,23051,1589],{"class":79},[65,23053,23054,23056,23058,23060,23062,23064,23066,23068],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,23055,1594],{"class":83},[65,23057,12630],{"class":87},[65,23059,84],{"class":83},[65,23061,93],{"class":79},[65,23063,103],{"class":83},[65,23065,12639],{"class":87},[65,23067,84],{"class":83},[65,23069,1611],{"class":79},[65,23071,23072,23074,23076,23078,23080,23082,23085,23087],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,23073,1594],{"class":83},[65,23075,20238],{"class":87},[65,23077,84],{"class":83},[65,23079,93],{"class":79},[65,23081,103],{"class":83},[65,23083,23084],{"class":87},"English",[65,23086,84],{"class":83},[65,23088,1611],{"class":79},[65,23090,23091,23093,23095,23097,23099],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,23092,1594],{"class":83},[65,23094,18640],{"class":87},[65,23096,84],{"class":83},[65,23098,93],{"class":79},[65,23100,6575],{"class":4005},[65,23102,23103],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,23104,130],{"class":79},[65,23106,23107],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,23108,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,23110,23111,23113,23116,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,23112,6110],{"class":1405},[65,23114,23115],{"class":71}," setting",[65,23117,100],{"class":79},[65,23119,492],{"class":71},[65,23121,4036],{"class":1405},[65,23123,13999],{"class":71},[65,23125,144],{"class":79},[65,23127,7960],{"class":147},[65,23129,21708],{"class":79},[65,23131,23132,23134,23136,23138,23140,23142,23145,23147,23150,23152,23154,23156,23158],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,23133,1431],{"class":164},[65,23135,168],{"class":79},[65,23137,1697],{"class":1696},[65,23139,84],{"class":87},[65,23141,218],{"class":96},[65,23143,23144],{"class":147},"setting",[65,23146,1706],{"class":96},[65,23148,23149],{"class":87}," = ",[65,23151,218],{"class":96},[65,23153,1714],{"class":147},[65,23155,1706],{"class":96},[65,23157,84],{"class":87},[65,23159,174],{"class":79},[20,23161,23162],{},[46,23163,191],{},[56,23165,23167],{"className":58,"code":23166,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23168,23169,23179,23189],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,23170,23171,23174,23176],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,23172,23173],{"class":71},"theme ",[65,23175,76],{"class":75},[65,23177,23178],{"class":71}," dark\n",[65,23180,23181,23184,23186],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,23182,23183],{"class":71},"language ",[65,23185,76],{"class":75},[65,23187,23188],{"class":71}," English\n",[65,23190,23191,23194,23196],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,23192,23193],{"class":71},"notifications ",[65,23195,76],{"class":75},[65,23197,6575],{"class":4005},[51,23199,1766],{"id":1765},[20,23201,23202,23203,144],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23204,1027],{},[1059,23206,23208,23209,23211],{"id":23207},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23210,1027],{}," incorrectly",[20,23213,23214,23215,23217,23218,23221],{},"Each result from ",[15,23216,1027],{}," has ",[46,23219,23220],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23223,6838],{},[56,23225,23226],{"className":58,"code":21645,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,23227,23228,23264,23268,23288],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,23229,23230,23232,23234,23236,23238,23240,23242,23244,23246,23248,23250,23252,23254,23256,23258,23260,23262],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,23231,360],{"class":71},[65,23233,76],{"class":75},[65,23235,80],{"class":79},[65,23237,84],{"class":83},[65,23239,369],{"class":87},[65,23241,84],{"class":83},[65,23243,93],{"class":79},[65,23245,103],{"class":83},[65,23247,542],{"class":87},[65,23249,84],{"class":83},[65,23251,100],{"class":79},[65,23253,103],{"class":83},[65,23255,387],{"class":87},[65,23257,84],{"class":83},[65,23259,93],{"class":79},[65,23261,394],{"class":96},[65,23263,130],{"class":79},[65,23265,23266],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,23267,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,23269,23270,23272,23274,23276,23278,23280,23282,23284,23286],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,23271,6110],{"class":1405},[65,23273,801],{"class":71},[65,23275,100],{"class":79},[65,23277,492],{"class":71},[65,23279,4036],{"class":1405},[65,23281,406],{"class":71},[65,23283,144],{"class":79},[65,23285,7960],{"class":147},[65,23287,21708],{"class":79},[65,23289,23290,23292,23294,23296,23298,23300],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,23291,1431],{"class":164},[65,23293,168],{"class":79},[65,23295,487],{"class":147},[65,23297,100],{"class":79},[65,23299,821],{"class":147},[65,23301,174],{"class":79},[20,23303,23304],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[56,23306,23308],{"className":58,"code":23307,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23309,23310,23346,23350,23366],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,23311,23312,23314,23316,23318,23320,23322,23324,23326,23328,23330,23332,23334,23336,23338,23340,23342,23344],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,23313,360],{"class":71},[65,23315,76],{"class":75},[65,23317,80],{"class":79},[65,23319,84],{"class":83},[65,23321,369],{"class":87},[65,23323,84],{"class":83},[65,23325,93],{"class":79},[65,23327,103],{"class":83},[65,23329,542],{"class":87},[65,23331,84],{"class":83},[65,23333,100],{"class":79},[65,23335,103],{"class":83},[65,23337,387],{"class":87},[65,23339,84],{"class":83},[65,23341,93],{"class":79},[65,23343,394],{"class":96},[65,23345,130],{"class":79},[65,23347,23348],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,23349,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,23351,23352,23354,23356,23358,23360,23362,23364],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,23353,6110],{"class":1405},[65,23355,18324],{"class":71},[65,23357,4036],{"class":1405},[65,23359,406],{"class":71},[65,23361,144],{"class":79},[65,23363,7960],{"class":147},[65,23365,21708],{"class":79},[65,23367,23368,23370,23372,23374],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,23369,1431],{"class":164},[65,23371,168],{"class":79},[65,23373,487],{"class":147},[65,23375,174],{"class":79},[20,23377,23378,23379,23381,23382,23385],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23380,487],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23383,23384],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23387,23388],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[56,23390,23392],{"className":58,"code":23391,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23393,23394,23410],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,23395,23396,23398,23400,23402,23404,23406,23408],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,23397,6110],{"class":1405},[65,23399,6113],{"class":71},[65,23401,4036],{"class":1405},[65,23403,406],{"class":71},[65,23405,144],{"class":79},[65,23407,7960],{"class":147},[65,23409,21708],{"class":79},[65,23411,23412,23414,23416,23418],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,23413,1431],{"class":164},[65,23415,168],{"class":79},[65,23417,171],{"class":147},[65,23419,174],{"class":79},[20,23421,23422],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[56,23424,23426],{"className":58,"code":23425,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23427,23428,23448],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,23429,23430,23432,23434,23436,23438,23440,23442,23444,23446],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,23431,6110],{"class":1405},[65,23433,801],{"class":71},[65,23435,100],{"class":79},[65,23437,492],{"class":71},[65,23439,4036],{"class":1405},[65,23441,406],{"class":71},[65,23443,144],{"class":79},[65,23445,7960],{"class":147},[65,23447,21708],{"class":79},[65,23449,23450,23452,23454,23456,23458,23460],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,23451,1431],{"class":164},[65,23453,168],{"class":79},[65,23455,487],{"class":147},[65,23457,100],{"class":79},[65,23459,821],{"class":147},[65,23461,174],{"class":79},[1059,23463,1792,23465,23467],{"id":23464},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23466,1027],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23469,23470,1832,23472,23474],{},[15,23471,1027],{},[15,23473,22020],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23476,23477],{},"Check it:",[56,23479,23481],{"className":58,"code":23480,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23482,23483,23515,23519,23533,23551],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,23484,23485,23487,23489,23491,23493,23495,23497,23499,23501,23503,23505,23507,23509,23511,23513],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,23486,11861],{"class":71},[65,23488,76],{"class":75},[65,23490,80],{"class":79},[65,23492,84],{"class":83},[65,23494,88],{"class":87},[65,23496,84],{"class":83},[65,23498,93],{"class":79},[65,23500,97],{"class":96},[65,23502,100],{"class":79},[65,23504,103],{"class":83},[65,23506,106],{"class":87},[65,23508,84],{"class":83},[65,23510,93],{"class":79},[65,23512,113],{"class":96},[65,23514,130],{"class":79},[65,23516,23517],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,23518,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,23520,23521,23523,23525,23527,23529,23531],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,23522,165],{"class":164},[65,23524,168],{"class":79},[65,23526,1852],{"class":147},[65,23528,144],{"class":79},[65,23530,7960],{"class":147},[65,23532,980],{"class":79},[65,23534,23535,23537,23539,23541,23543,23545,23547,23549],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,23536,165],{"class":164},[65,23538,168],{"class":79},[65,23540,3370],{"class":1368},[65,23542,168],{"class":79},[65,23544,1852],{"class":147},[65,23546,144],{"class":79},[65,23548,7960],{"class":147},[65,23550,6443],{"class":79},[65,23552,23553,23555,23557,23559,23561,23563,23565,23567],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,23554,165],{"class":164},[65,23556,168],{"class":79},[65,23558,8244],{"class":1368},[65,23560,168],{"class":79},[65,23562,1852],{"class":147},[65,23564,144],{"class":79},[65,23566,7960],{"class":147},[65,23568,6443],{"class":79},[20,23570,23571],{},[46,23572,191],{},[56,23574,23576],{"className":58,"code":23575,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23577,23578,23610,23624],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,23579,23580,23582,23584,23586,23588,23590,23592,23594,23596,23598,23600,23602,23604,23606,23608],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,23581,22020],{"class":147},[65,23583,9803],{"class":79},[65,23585,203],{"class":83},[65,23587,88],{"class":87},[65,23589,203],{"class":83},[65,23591,100],{"class":79},[65,23593,97],{"class":96},[65,23595,9383],{"class":79},[65,23597,648],{"class":79},[65,23599,203],{"class":83},[65,23601,106],{"class":87},[65,23603,203],{"class":83},[65,23605,100],{"class":79},[65,23607,113],{"class":96},[65,23609,10823],{"class":79},[65,23611,23612,23614,23616,23618,23620,23622],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,23613,3439],{"class":75},[65,23615,3442],{"class":1696},[65,23617,233],{"class":83},[65,23619,22020],{"class":87},[65,23621,203],{"class":83},[65,23623,3451],{"class":75},[65,23625,23626,23628,23630,23632,23634,23636,23638,23640,23642,23644,23646,23648,23650,23652],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,23627,21852],{"class":79},[65,23629,203],{"class":83},[65,23631,88],{"class":87},[65,23633,203],{"class":83},[65,23635,100],{"class":79},[65,23637,97],{"class":96},[65,23639,9383],{"class":79},[65,23641,648],{"class":79},[65,23643,203],{"class":83},[65,23645,106],{"class":87},[65,23647,203],{"class":83},[65,23649,100],{"class":79},[65,23651,113],{"class":96},[65,23653,9398],{"class":79},[1059,23655,23657,23658],{"id":23656},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23659,1027],{},[20,23661,23662],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23664,23665],{},"Problem example:",[56,23667,23669],{"className":58,"code":23668,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23670,23671,23715,23719,23739,23751],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,23672,23673,23675,23677,23679,23681,23683,23685,23687,23689,23691,23693,23695,23697,23699,23701,23703,23705,23707,23709,23711,23713],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,23674,3768],{"class":71},[65,23676,76],{"class":75},[65,23678,80],{"class":79},[65,23680,84],{"class":83},[65,23682,88],{"class":87},[65,23684,84],{"class":83},[65,23686,93],{"class":79},[65,23688,97],{"class":96},[65,23690,100],{"class":79},[65,23692,103],{"class":83},[65,23694,106],{"class":87},[65,23696,84],{"class":83},[65,23698,93],{"class":79},[65,23700,113],{"class":96},[65,23702,100],{"class":79},[65,23704,103],{"class":83},[65,23706,120],{"class":87},[65,23708,84],{"class":83},[65,23710,93],{"class":79},[65,23712,127],{"class":96},[65,23714,130],{"class":79},[65,23716,23717],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,23718,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,23720,23721,23723,23725,23727,23729,23731,23733,23735,23737],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,23722,6110],{"class":1405},[65,23724,801],{"class":71},[65,23726,100],{"class":79},[65,23728,492],{"class":71},[65,23730,4036],{"class":1405},[65,23732,4419],{"class":71},[65,23734,144],{"class":79},[65,23736,7960],{"class":147},[65,23738,21708],{"class":79},[65,23740,23741,23743,23745,23747,23749],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,23742,6551],{"class":1405},[65,23744,492],{"class":71},[65,23746,4845],{"class":75},[65,23748,113],{"class":96},[65,23750,1411],{"class":79},[65,23752,23753,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766,23768],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,23754,23755],{"class":71},"        numbers",[65,23757,4054],{"class":79},[65,23759,84],{"class":83},[65,23761,18883],{"class":87},[65,23763,84],{"class":83},[65,23765,13402],{"class":79},[65,23767,13405],{"class":75},[65,23769,23770],{"class":96}," 4\n",[20,23772,23773],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23775,23776],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[56,23778,23780],{"className":58,"code":23779,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23781,23782,23826,23830,23855,23867,23885,23889],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,23783,23784,23786,23788,23790,23792,23794,23796,23798,23800,23802,23804,23806,23808,23810,23812,23814,23816,23818,23820,23822,23824],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,23785,3768],{"class":71},[65,23787,76],{"class":75},[65,23789,80],{"class":79},[65,23791,84],{"class":83},[65,23793,88],{"class":87},[65,23795,84],{"class":83},[65,23797,93],{"class":79},[65,23799,97],{"class":96},[65,23801,100],{"class":79},[65,23803,103],{"class":83},[65,23805,106],{"class":87},[65,23807,84],{"class":83},[65,23809,93],{"class":79},[65,23811,113],{"class":96},[65,23813,100],{"class":79},[65,23815,103],{"class":83},[65,23817,120],{"class":87},[65,23819,84],{"class":83},[65,23821,93],{"class":79},[65,23823,127],{"class":96},[65,23825,130],{"class":79},[65,23827,23828],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,23829,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,23831,23832,23834,23836,23838,23840,23842,23844,23846,23848,23850,23852],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,23833,6110],{"class":1405},[65,23835,801],{"class":71},[65,23837,100],{"class":79},[65,23839,492],{"class":71},[65,23841,4036],{"class":1405},[65,23843,22667],{"class":1368},[65,23845,168],{"class":79},[65,23847,3800],{"class":147},[65,23849,144],{"class":79},[65,23851,7960],{"class":147},[65,23853,23854],{"class":79},"()):\n",[65,23856,23857,23859,23861,23863,23865],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,23858,6551],{"class":1405},[65,23860,492],{"class":71},[65,23862,4845],{"class":75},[65,23864,113],{"class":96},[65,23866,1411],{"class":79},[65,23868,23869,23871,23873,23875,23877,23879,23881,23883],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,23870,23755],{"class":71},[65,23872,4054],{"class":79},[65,23874,84],{"class":83},[65,23876,18883],{"class":87},[65,23878,84],{"class":83},[65,23880,13402],{"class":79},[65,23882,13405],{"class":75},[65,23884,23770],{"class":96},[65,23886,23887],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,23888,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,23890,23891,23893,23895,23897],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,23892,165],{"class":164},[65,23894,168],{"class":79},[65,23896,3800],{"class":147},[65,23898,174],{"class":79},[1059,23900,23902],{"id":23901},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23904,23905],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[56,23907,23909],{"className":58,"code":23908,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23910,23911,23943,23947,23963],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,23912,23913,23915,23917,23919,23921,23923,23925,23927,23929,23931,23933,23935,23937,23939,23941],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,23914,72],{"class":71},[65,23916,76],{"class":75},[65,23918,80],{"class":79},[65,23920,84],{"class":83},[65,23922,931],{"class":87},[65,23924,84],{"class":83},[65,23926,93],{"class":79},[65,23928,6157],{"class":96},[65,23930,100],{"class":79},[65,23932,103],{"class":83},[65,23934,944],{"class":87},[65,23936,84],{"class":83},[65,23938,93],{"class":79},[65,23940,7940],{"class":96},[65,23942,130],{"class":79},[65,23944,23945],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,23946,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,23948,23949,23951,23953,23955,23957,23959,23961],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,23950,6110],{"class":1405},[65,23952,6113],{"class":71},[65,23954,4036],{"class":1405},[65,23956,141],{"class":71},[65,23958,144],{"class":79},[65,23960,7960],{"class":147},[65,23962,21708],{"class":79},[65,23964,23965,23967,23969,23971],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,23966,1431],{"class":164},[65,23968,168],{"class":79},[65,23970,171],{"class":147},[65,23972,174],{"class":79},[20,23974,23975],{},[46,23976,191],{},[56,23978,23980],{"className":58,"code":23979,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23981,23982,23998],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,23983,23984,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994,23996],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,23985,168],{"class":79},[65,23987,203],{"class":83},[65,23989,931],{"class":87},[65,23991,203],{"class":83},[65,23993,100],{"class":79},[65,23995,6157],{"class":96},[65,23997,174],{"class":79},[65,23999,24000,24002,24004,24006,24008,24010,24012],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,24001,168],{"class":79},[65,24003,203],{"class":83},[65,24005,944],{"class":87},[65,24007,203],{"class":83},[65,24009,100],{"class":79},[65,24011,7940],{"class":96},[65,24013,174],{"class":79},[20,24015,24016,24017,24019],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24018,270],{}," pair.",[51,24021,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,24023,24025,24026,1956],{"id":24024},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24027,1027],{},[20,24029,17536,24030,24032],{},[15,24031,22020],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1059,24034,1966,24036,24038],{"id":24035},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24037,1027],{}," return a list?",[20,24040,24041,24042,24045],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24043,24044],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1059,24047,24049,24050,2637],{"id":24048},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24051,1027],{},[20,24053,24054],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[56,24056,24058],{"className":58,"code":24057,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24059,24060,24080],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24061,24062,24064,24066,24068,24070,24072,24074,24076,24078],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24063,6110],{"class":1405},[65,24065,801],{"class":71},[65,24067,100],{"class":79},[65,24069,492],{"class":71},[65,24071,4036],{"class":1405},[65,24073,1883],{"class":71},[65,24075,144],{"class":79},[65,24077,7960],{"class":147},[65,24079,21708],{"class":79},[65,24081,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090,24092],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,24083,1431],{"class":164},[65,24085,168],{"class":79},[65,24087,487],{"class":147},[65,24089,100],{"class":79},[65,24091,821],{"class":147},[65,24093,174],{"class":79},[1059,24095,1966,24097,24099],{"id":24096},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24098,1027],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24101,24102],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[51,24104,2015],{"id":2014},[30,24106,24107,24113,24119,24124,24128],{},[33,24108,24109],{},[88,24110,10881,24111,10885],{"href":22994},[15,24112,1034],{},[33,24114,24115],{},[88,24116,10881,24117,10885],{"href":23002},[15,24118,1041],{},[33,24120,24121],{},[88,24122,24123],{"href":22581},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[33,24125,24126],{},[88,24127,9307],{"href":13153},[33,24129,24130],{},[88,24131,24132],{"href":21890},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2071,24134,24135],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":24137},[24138,24139,24141,24142,24143,24145,24146,24148,24150,24159,24169],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":21751,"depth":133,"text":24140},"What items() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":22081,"depth":133,"text":22082},{"id":22305,"depth":133,"text":24144},"Looping with items()",{"id":22585,"depth":133,"text":22586},{"id":22777,"depth":133,"text":24147},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23012,"depth":133,"text":24149},"When to use items()",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":24151},[24152,24154,24156,24158],{"id":23207,"depth":154,"text":24153},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23464,"depth":154,"text":24155},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23656,"depth":154,"text":24157},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23901,"depth":154,"text":23902},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":24160},[24161,24163,24165,24167],{"id":24024,"depth":154,"text":24162},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24035,"depth":154,"text":24164},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24048,"depth":154,"text":24166},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24096,"depth":154,"text":24168},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21621,"description":24170},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24177,"title":24178,"body":24179,"description":26269,"extension":2111,"meta":26270,"navigation":157,"path":22994,"seo":26271,"stem":26272,"__hash__":26273},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24180,"toc":26235},[24181,24186,24192,24195,24206,24213,24215,24298,24302,24349,24354,24359,24364,24366,24382,24384,24483,24487,24544,24547,24549,24552,24645,24649,24712,24715,24731,24736,24738,24740,24755,24757,24768,24770,24813,24816,24860,24863,24865,24872,24875,24892,24894,24987,24991,25032,25044,25048,25051,25139,25143,25163,25166,25193,25200,25205,25209,25220,25222,25326,25330,25356,25359,25426,25431,25434,25457,25462,25466,25471,25477,25482,25484,25539,25543,25570,25577,25583,25586,25611,25617,25643,25646,25721,25728,25733,25735,25774,25791,25795,25798,25841,25844,25846,25865,25867,25872,25897,25900,25970,25973,26046,26050,26052,26113,26116,26132,26134,26139,26144,26151,26160,26166,26172,26179,26185,26189,26194,26196,26232],[10,24182,13,24184,18],{"id":24183},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24185,1034],{},[20,24187,24188,24189,24191],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24190,1034],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24193,24194],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[30,24196,24197,24200,24203],{},[33,24198,24199],{},"view the available keys",[33,24201,24202],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[33,24204,24205],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24207,24208,24210,24211,144],{},[15,24209,1034],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24212,17135],{},[51,24214,54],{"id":53},[56,24216,24218],{"className":58,"code":24217,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24219,24220,24256,24270,24274,24284],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24221,24222,24224,24226,24228,24230,24232,24234,24236,24238,24240,24242,24244,24246,24248,24250,24252,24254],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24223,12994],{"class":71},[65,24225,76],{"class":75},[65,24227,80],{"class":79},[65,24229,84],{"class":83},[65,24231,369],{"class":87},[65,24233,84],{"class":83},[65,24235,93],{"class":79},[65,24237,103],{"class":83},[65,24239,542],{"class":87},[65,24241,84],{"class":83},[65,24243,100],{"class":79},[65,24245,103],{"class":83},[65,24247,387],{"class":87},[65,24249,84],{"class":83},[65,24251,93],{"class":79},[65,24253,7940],{"class":96},[65,24255,130],{"class":79},[65,24257,24258,24260,24262,24264,24266,24268],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,24259,17356],{"class":71},[65,24261,76],{"class":75},[65,24263,13036],{"class":71},[65,24265,144],{"class":79},[65,24267,17044],{"class":147},[65,24269,151],{"class":79},[65,24271,24272],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,24273,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,24275,24276,24278,24280,24282],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,24277,165],{"class":164},[65,24279,168],{"class":79},[65,24281,17044],{"class":147},[65,24283,174],{"class":79},[65,24285,24286,24288,24290,24292,24294,24296],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,24287,165],{"class":164},[65,24289,168],{"class":79},[65,24291,8244],{"class":1368},[65,24293,168],{"class":79},[65,24295,17044],{"class":147},[65,24297,1870],{"class":79},[20,24299,24300],{},[46,24301,191],{},[56,24303,24305],{"className":58,"code":24304,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24306,24307,24329],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24308,24309,24311,24313,24315,24317,24319,24321,24323,24325,24327],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24310,17135],{"class":147},[65,24312,3132],{"class":79},[65,24314,203],{"class":83},[65,24316,369],{"class":87},[65,24318,203],{"class":83},[65,24320,100],{"class":79},[65,24322,233],{"class":83},[65,24324,387],{"class":87},[65,24326,203],{"class":83},[65,24328,4042],{"class":79},[65,24330,24331,24333,24335,24337,24339,24341,24343,24345,24347],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,24332,4054],{"class":79},[65,24334,203],{"class":83},[65,24336,369],{"class":87},[65,24338,203],{"class":83},[65,24340,100],{"class":79},[65,24342,233],{"class":83},[65,24344,387],{"class":87},[65,24346,203],{"class":83},[65,24348,3786],{"class":79},[20,24350,1309,24351,24353],{},[15,24352,1034],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[51,24355,252,24357,255],{"id":24356},"what-keys-does",[15,24358,1034],{},[20,24360,24361,24363],{},[15,24362,1034],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24365,302],{},[30,24367,24368,24371,24374,24379],{},[33,24369,24370],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[33,24372,24373],{},"It does not need any arguments",[33,24375,17536,24376,24378],{},[15,24377,17135],{}," view object, not a list",[33,24380,24381],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24383,350],{},[56,24385,24387],{"className":58,"code":24386,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24388,24389,24425,24429,24443,24447,24469],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24390,24391,24393,24395,24397,24399,24401,24403,24405,24407,24409,24411,24413,24415,24417,24419,24421,24423],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24392,360],{"class":71},[65,24394,76],{"class":75},[65,24396,80],{"class":79},[65,24398,84],{"class":83},[65,24400,369],{"class":87},[65,24402,84],{"class":83},[65,24404,93],{"class":79},[65,24406,103],{"class":83},[65,24408,13351],{"class":87},[65,24410,84],{"class":83},[65,24412,100],{"class":79},[65,24414,103],{"class":83},[65,24416,387],{"class":87},[65,24418,84],{"class":83},[65,24420,93],{"class":79},[65,24422,394],{"class":96},[65,24424,130],{"class":79},[65,24426,24427],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,24428,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,24430,24431,24433,24435,24437,24439,24441],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,24432,165],{"class":164},[65,24434,168],{"class":79},[65,24436,17421],{"class":147},[65,24438,144],{"class":79},[65,24440,17044],{"class":147},[65,24442,980],{"class":79},[65,24444,24445],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,24446,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,24448,24449,24451,24453,24455,24457,24459,24461,24463,24465,24467],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,24450,17421],{"class":71},[65,24452,4054],{"class":79},[65,24454,84],{"class":83},[65,24456,10553],{"class":87},[65,24458,84],{"class":83},[65,24460,13402],{"class":79},[65,24462,13405],{"class":75},[65,24464,103],{"class":83},[65,24466,10560],{"class":87},[65,24468,1650],{"class":83},[65,24470,24471,24473,24475,24477,24479,24481],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,24472,165],{"class":164},[65,24474,168],{"class":79},[65,24476,17421],{"class":147},[65,24478,144],{"class":79},[65,24480,17044],{"class":147},[65,24482,980],{"class":79},[20,24484,24485],{},[46,24486,191],{},[56,24488,24490],{"className":58,"code":24489,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24491,24492,24514],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24493,24494,24496,24498,24500,24502,24504,24506,24508,24510,24512],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24495,17135],{"class":147},[65,24497,3132],{"class":79},[65,24499,203],{"class":83},[65,24501,369],{"class":87},[65,24503,203],{"class":83},[65,24505,100],{"class":79},[65,24507,233],{"class":83},[65,24509,387],{"class":87},[65,24511,203],{"class":83},[65,24513,4042],{"class":79},[65,24515,24516,24518,24520,24522,24524,24526,24528,24530,24532,24534,24536,24538,24540,24542],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,24517,17135],{"class":147},[65,24519,3132],{"class":79},[65,24521,203],{"class":83},[65,24523,369],{"class":87},[65,24525,203],{"class":83},[65,24527,100],{"class":79},[65,24529,233],{"class":83},[65,24531,387],{"class":87},[65,24533,203],{"class":83},[65,24535,100],{"class":79},[65,24537,233],{"class":83},[65,24539,10553],{"class":87},[65,24541,203],{"class":83},[65,24543,4042],{"class":79},[20,24545,24546],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[51,24548,5939],{"id":5938},[20,24550,24551],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[56,24553,24555],{"className":58,"code":24554,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24556,24557,24609,24613,24627],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24558,24559,24561,24563,24565,24567,24569,24571,24573,24575,24577,24579,24581,24583,24585,24587,24589,24591,24593,24595,24597,24599,24601,24603,24605,24607],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24560,72],{"class":71},[65,24562,76],{"class":75},[65,24564,80],{"class":79},[65,24566,84],{"class":83},[65,24568,369],{"class":87},[65,24570,84],{"class":83},[65,24572,93],{"class":79},[65,24574,103],{"class":83},[65,24576,542],{"class":87},[65,24578,84],{"class":83},[65,24580,100],{"class":79},[65,24582,103],{"class":83},[65,24584,387],{"class":87},[65,24586,84],{"class":83},[65,24588,93],{"class":79},[65,24590,7940],{"class":96},[65,24592,100],{"class":79},[65,24594,103],{"class":83},[65,24596,20006],{"class":87},[65,24598,84],{"class":83},[65,24600,93],{"class":79},[65,24602,103],{"class":83},[65,24604,22355],{"class":87},[65,24606,84],{"class":83},[65,24608,130],{"class":79},[65,24610,24611],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,24612,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,24614,24615,24617,24619,24621,24623,24625],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,24616,165],{"class":164},[65,24618,168],{"class":79},[65,24620,184],{"class":147},[65,24622,144],{"class":79},[65,24624,17044],{"class":147},[65,24626,980],{"class":79},[65,24628,24629,24631,24633,24635,24637,24639,24641,24643],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,24630,165],{"class":164},[65,24632,168],{"class":79},[65,24634,8244],{"class":1368},[65,24636,168],{"class":79},[65,24638,184],{"class":147},[65,24640,144],{"class":79},[65,24642,17044],{"class":147},[65,24644,6443],{"class":79},[20,24646,24647],{},[46,24648,191],{},[56,24650,24652],{"className":58,"code":24651,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24653,24654,24684],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24655,24656,24658,24660,24662,24664,24666,24668,24670,24672,24674,24676,24678,24680,24682],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24657,17135],{"class":147},[65,24659,3132],{"class":79},[65,24661,203],{"class":83},[65,24663,369],{"class":87},[65,24665,203],{"class":83},[65,24667,100],{"class":79},[65,24669,233],{"class":83},[65,24671,387],{"class":87},[65,24673,203],{"class":83},[65,24675,100],{"class":79},[65,24677,233],{"class":83},[65,24679,20006],{"class":87},[65,24681,203],{"class":83},[65,24683,4042],{"class":79},[65,24685,24686,24688,24690,24692,24694,24696,24698,24700,24702,24704,24706,24708,24710],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,24687,4054],{"class":79},[65,24689,203],{"class":83},[65,24691,369],{"class":87},[65,24693,203],{"class":83},[65,24695,100],{"class":79},[65,24697,233],{"class":83},[65,24699,387],{"class":87},[65,24701,203],{"class":83},[65,24703,100],{"class":79},[65,24705,233],{"class":83},[65,24707,20006],{"class":87},[65,24709,203],{"class":83},[65,24711,3786],{"class":79},[20,24713,24714],{},"This shows two things:",[30,24716,24717,24725],{},[33,24718,24719,1832,24722,24724],{},[15,24720,24721],{},"data.keys()",[15,24723,17135],{}," object",[33,24726,24727,24730],{},[15,24728,24729],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24732,9303,24733,144],{},[88,24734,24735],{"href":9536},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[51,24737,5583],{"id":5582},[20,24739,2307],{},[56,24741,24743],{"className":58,"code":24742,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24744,24745],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24746,24747,24749,24751,24753],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24748,1852],{"class":71},[65,24750,144],{"class":79},[65,24752,17044],{"class":147},[65,24754,151],{"class":79},[20,24756,21912],{},[30,24758,24759,24762,24765],{},[33,24760,24761],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[33,24763,24764],{},"It takes no parameters",[33,24766,24767],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24769,16776],{},[56,24771,24773],{"className":58,"code":24772,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24774,24775,24799],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24776,24777,24779,24781,24783,24785,24787,24789,24791,24793,24795,24797],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24778,12994],{"class":71},[65,24780,76],{"class":75},[65,24782,80],{"class":79},[65,24784,84],{"class":83},[65,24786,369],{"class":87},[65,24788,84],{"class":83},[65,24790,93],{"class":79},[65,24792,103],{"class":83},[65,24794,542],{"class":87},[65,24796,84],{"class":83},[65,24798,130],{"class":79},[65,24800,24801,24803,24805,24807,24809,24811],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,24802,165],{"class":164},[65,24804,168],{"class":79},[65,24806,13755],{"class":147},[65,24808,144],{"class":79},[65,24810,17044],{"class":147},[65,24812,980],{"class":79},[20,24814,24815],{},"Incorrect:",[56,24817,24819],{"className":58,"code":24818,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24820,24821,24845],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24822,24823,24825,24827,24829,24831,24833,24835,24837,24839,24841,24843],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24824,12994],{"class":71},[65,24826,76],{"class":75},[65,24828,80],{"class":79},[65,24830,84],{"class":83},[65,24832,369],{"class":87},[65,24834,84],{"class":83},[65,24836,93],{"class":79},[65,24838,103],{"class":83},[65,24840,542],{"class":87},[65,24842,84],{"class":83},[65,24844,130],{"class":79},[65,24846,24847,24849,24851,24853,24855,24858],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,24848,165],{"class":164},[65,24850,168],{"class":79},[65,24852,13755],{"class":147},[65,24854,144],{"class":79},[65,24856,17044],{"class":24857},"skxfh",[65,24859,174],{"class":79},[20,24861,24862],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[51,24864,17533],{"id":17532},[20,24866,24867,1832,24869,24871],{},[15,24868,1034],{},[15,24870,17135],{}," object.",[20,24873,24874],{},"This object:",[30,24876,24877,24880,24883,24889],{},[33,24878,24879],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[33,24881,24882],{},"can be used in a loop",[33,24884,24885,24886],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24887,24888],{},"list()",[33,24890,24891],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24893,350],{},[56,24895,24897],{"className":58,"code":24896,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24898,24899,24940,24944,24959,24963,24973],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24900,24901,24904,24906,24908,24910,24913,24915,24917,24919,24922,24924,24926,24928,24931,24933,24935,24938],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24902,24903],{"class":71},"car ",[65,24905,76],{"class":75},[65,24907,80],{"class":79},[65,24909,84],{"class":83},[65,24911,24912],{"class":87},"brand",[65,24914,84],{"class":83},[65,24916,93],{"class":79},[65,24918,103],{"class":83},[65,24920,24921],{"class":87},"Toyota",[65,24923,84],{"class":83},[65,24925,100],{"class":79},[65,24927,103],{"class":83},[65,24929,24930],{"class":87},"year",[65,24932,84],{"class":83},[65,24934,93],{"class":79},[65,24936,24937],{"class":96}," 2020",[65,24939,130],{"class":79},[65,24941,24942],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,24943,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,24945,24946,24948,24950,24953,24955,24957],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,24947,401],{"class":71},[65,24949,76],{"class":75},[65,24951,24952],{"class":71}," car",[65,24954,144],{"class":79},[65,24956,17044],{"class":147},[65,24958,151],{"class":79},[65,24960,24961],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,24962,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,24964,24965,24967,24969,24971],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,24966,165],{"class":164},[65,24968,168],{"class":79},[65,24970,425],{"class":147},[65,24972,174],{"class":79},[65,24974,24975,24977,24979,24981,24983,24985],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,24976,165],{"class":164},[65,24978,168],{"class":79},[65,24980,3370],{"class":1368},[65,24982,168],{"class":79},[65,24984,425],{"class":147},[65,24986,1870],{"class":79},[20,24988,24989],{},[46,24990,191],{},[56,24992,24994],{"className":58,"code":24993,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24995,24996,25018],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,24997,24998,25000,25002,25004,25006,25008,25010,25012,25014,25016],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,24999,17135],{"class":147},[65,25001,3132],{"class":79},[65,25003,203],{"class":83},[65,25005,24912],{"class":87},[65,25007,203],{"class":83},[65,25009,100],{"class":79},[65,25011,233],{"class":83},[65,25013,24930],{"class":87},[65,25015,203],{"class":83},[65,25017,4042],{"class":79},[65,25019,25020,25022,25024,25026,25028,25030],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,25021,3439],{"class":75},[65,25023,3442],{"class":1696},[65,25025,233],{"class":83},[65,25027,17135],{"class":87},[65,25029,203],{"class":83},[65,25031,3451],{"class":75},[20,25033,25034,25035,25039,25040,144],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[88,25036,10881,25037,10885],{"href":1038},[15,25038,1041],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[88,25041,10881,25042,10885],{"href":1024},[15,25043,1027],{},[51,25045,25047],{"id":25046},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25049,25050],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[56,25052,25054],{"className":58,"code":25053,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25055,25056,25109,25113,25129],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25057,25058,25060,25062,25064,25066,25068,25070,25072,25074,25076,25078,25080,25082,25084,25086,25088,25090,25092,25094,25096,25098,25100,25102,25105,25107],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25059,12994],{"class":71},[65,25061,76],{"class":75},[65,25063,80],{"class":79},[65,25065,84],{"class":83},[65,25067,369],{"class":87},[65,25069,84],{"class":83},[65,25071,93],{"class":79},[65,25073,103],{"class":83},[65,25075,542],{"class":87},[65,25077,84],{"class":83},[65,25079,100],{"class":79},[65,25081,103],{"class":83},[65,25083,387],{"class":87},[65,25085,84],{"class":83},[65,25087,93],{"class":79},[65,25089,7940],{"class":96},[65,25091,100],{"class":79},[65,25093,103],{"class":83},[65,25095,15455],{"class":87},[65,25097,84],{"class":83},[65,25099,93],{"class":79},[65,25101,103],{"class":83},[65,25103,25104],{"class":87},"Math",[65,25106,84],{"class":83},[65,25108,130],{"class":79},[65,25110,25111],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,25112,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,25114,25115,25117,25119,25121,25123,25125,25127],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,25116,6110],{"class":1405},[65,25118,18324],{"class":71},[65,25120,4036],{"class":1405},[65,25122,13036],{"class":71},[65,25124,144],{"class":79},[65,25126,17044],{"class":147},[65,25128,21708],{"class":79},[65,25130,25131,25133,25135,25137],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,25132,1431],{"class":164},[65,25134,168],{"class":79},[65,25136,487],{"class":147},[65,25138,174],{"class":79},[20,25140,25141],{},[46,25142,191],{},[56,25144,25146],{"className":58,"code":25145,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25147,25148,25153,25158],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25149,25150],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25151,25152],{"class":71},"name\n",[65,25154,25155],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,25156,25157],{"class":71},"age\n",[65,25159,25160],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,25161,25162],{"class":71},"course\n",[20,25164,25165],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[56,25167,25169],{"className":58,"code":25168,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25170,25171,25183],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25172,25173,25175,25177,25179,25181],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25174,6110],{"class":1405},[65,25176,18324],{"class":71},[65,25178,4036],{"class":1405},[65,25180,13036],{"class":71},[65,25182,1411],{"class":79},[65,25184,25185,25187,25189,25191],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,25186,1431],{"class":164},[65,25188,168],{"class":79},[65,25190,487],{"class":147},[65,25192,174],{"class":79},[20,25194,25195,25196,25199],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25197,25198],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[51,25201,1553,25203],{"id":25202},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25204,1034],{},[20,25206,1309,25207,10745],{},[15,25208,1034],{},[30,25210,25211,25214,25217],{},[33,25212,25213],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[33,25215,25216],{},"you want to display available fields",[33,25218,25219],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25221,350],{},[56,25223,25225],{"className":58,"code":25224,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25226,25227,25280,25284,25299,25316],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25228,25229,25232,25234,25236,25238,25240,25242,25244,25246,25249,25251,25253,25255,25258,25260,25262,25265,25267,25269,25272,25274,25276,25278],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25230,25231],{"class":71},"product ",[65,25233,76],{"class":75},[65,25235,80],{"class":79},[65,25237,84],{"class":83},[65,25239,369],{"class":87},[65,25241,84],{"class":83},[65,25243,93],{"class":79},[65,25245,103],{"class":83},[65,25247,25248],{"class":87},"Book",[65,25250,84],{"class":83},[65,25252,100],{"class":79},[65,25254,103],{"class":83},[65,25256,25257],{"class":87},"price",[65,25259,84],{"class":83},[65,25261,93],{"class":79},[65,25263,25264],{"class":96}," 12.99",[65,25266,100],{"class":79},[65,25268,103],{"class":83},[65,25270,25271],{"class":87},"stock",[65,25273,84],{"class":83},[65,25275,93],{"class":79},[65,25277,4762],{"class":96},[65,25279,130],{"class":79},[65,25281,25282],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,25283,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,25285,25286,25288,25290,25292,25295,25297],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,25287,165],{"class":164},[65,25289,168],{"class":79},[65,25291,84],{"class":83},[65,25293,25294],{"class":87},"Available fields:",[65,25296,84],{"class":83},[65,25298,174],{"class":79},[65,25300,25301,25303,25305,25307,25310,25312,25314],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,25302,6110],{"class":1405},[65,25304,18324],{"class":71},[65,25306,4036],{"class":1405},[65,25308,25309],{"class":71}," product",[65,25311,144],{"class":79},[65,25313,17044],{"class":147},[65,25315,21708],{"class":79},[65,25317,25318,25320,25322,25324],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,25319,1431],{"class":164},[65,25321,168],{"class":79},[65,25323,487],{"class":147},[65,25325,174],{"class":79},[20,25327,25328],{},[46,25329,191],{},[56,25331,25333],{"className":58,"code":25332,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25334,25335,25342,25346,25351],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25336,25337,25340],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25338,25339],{"class":71},"Available fields",[65,25341,1411],{"class":79},[65,25343,25344],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,25345,25152],{"class":71},[65,25347,25348],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,25349,25350],{"class":71},"price\n",[65,25352,25353],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,25354,25355],{"class":71},"stock\n",[20,25357,25358],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[56,25360,25362],{"className":58,"code":25361,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25363,25364,25400,25404],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25365,25366,25368,25370,25372,25374,25376,25378,25380,25382,25384,25386,25388,25390,25392,25394,25396,25398],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25367,25231],{"class":71},[65,25369,76],{"class":75},[65,25371,80],{"class":79},[65,25373,84],{"class":83},[65,25375,369],{"class":87},[65,25377,84],{"class":83},[65,25379,93],{"class":79},[65,25381,103],{"class":83},[65,25383,25248],{"class":87},[65,25385,84],{"class":83},[65,25387,100],{"class":79},[65,25389,103],{"class":83},[65,25391,25257],{"class":87},[65,25393,84],{"class":83},[65,25395,93],{"class":79},[65,25397,25264],{"class":96},[65,25399,130],{"class":79},[65,25401,25402],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,25403,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,25405,25406,25408,25410,25412,25414,25416,25418,25420,25422,25424],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,25407,165],{"class":164},[65,25409,168],{"class":79},[65,25411,84],{"class":83},[65,25413,369],{"class":87},[65,25415,84],{"class":83},[65,25417,21289],{"class":1405},[65,25419,25309],{"class":147},[65,25421,144],{"class":79},[65,25423,17044],{"class":147},[65,25425,980],{"class":79},[20,25427,25428,25429,144],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25430,3753],{},[20,25432,25433],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[56,25435,25437],{"className":58,"code":25436,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25438,25439],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25440,25441,25443,25445,25447,25449,25451,25453,25455],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25442,165],{"class":164},[65,25444,168],{"class":79},[65,25446,84],{"class":83},[65,25448,369],{"class":87},[65,25450,84],{"class":83},[65,25452,21289],{"class":1405},[65,25454,25309],{"class":147},[65,25456,174],{"class":79},[20,25458,25459,25460,144],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[88,25461,21322],{"href":17267},[51,25463,25465],{"id":25464},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25467,25468,25469,144],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25470,1034],{},[1059,25472,1792,25474,25476],{"id":25473},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25475,1034],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25478,25479,25481],{},[15,25480,1034],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25483,350],{},[56,25485,25487],{"className":58,"code":25486,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25488,25489,25525],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25490,25491,25493,25495,25497,25499,25501,25503,25505,25507,25509,25511,25513,25515,25517,25519,25521,25523],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25492,72],{"class":71},[65,25494,76],{"class":75},[65,25496,80],{"class":79},[65,25498,84],{"class":83},[65,25500,369],{"class":87},[65,25502,84],{"class":83},[65,25504,93],{"class":79},[65,25506,103],{"class":83},[65,25508,542],{"class":87},[65,25510,84],{"class":83},[65,25512,100],{"class":79},[65,25514,103],{"class":83},[65,25516,387],{"class":87},[65,25518,84],{"class":83},[65,25520,93],{"class":79},[65,25522,7940],{"class":96},[65,25524,130],{"class":79},[65,25526,25527,25529,25531,25533,25535,25537],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,25528,165],{"class":164},[65,25530,168],{"class":79},[65,25532,184],{"class":147},[65,25534,144],{"class":79},[65,25536,17044],{"class":147},[65,25538,980],{"class":79},[20,25540,25541],{},[46,25542,191],{},[56,25544,25546],{"className":58,"code":25545,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25547,25548],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25549,25550,25552,25554,25556,25558,25560,25562,25564,25566,25568],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25551,17135],{"class":147},[65,25553,3132],{"class":79},[65,25555,203],{"class":83},[65,25557,369],{"class":87},[65,25559,203],{"class":83},[65,25561,100],{"class":79},[65,25563,233],{"class":83},[65,25565,387],{"class":87},[65,25567,203],{"class":83},[65,25569,4042],{"class":79},[20,25571,25572,25573,144],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[88,25574,25575],{"href":1024},[15,25576,1027],{},[1059,25578,25580,25581],{"id":25579},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25582,17135],{},[20,25584,25585],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[56,25587,25589],{"className":58,"code":25588,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25590,25591],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25592,25593,25595,25597,25599,25601,25603,25605,25607,25609],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25594,4054],{"class":79},[65,25596,203],{"class":83},[65,25598,369],{"class":87},[65,25600,203],{"class":83},[65,25602,100],{"class":79},[65,25604,233],{"class":83},[65,25606,387],{"class":87},[65,25608,203],{"class":83},[65,25610,3786],{"class":79},[20,25612,25613,25614,25616],{},"But ",[15,25615,1034],{}," returns:",[56,25618,25619],{"className":58,"code":25545,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,25620,25621],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25622,25623,25625,25627,25629,25631,25633,25635,25637,25639,25641],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25624,17135],{"class":147},[65,25626,3132],{"class":79},[65,25628,203],{"class":83},[65,25630,369],{"class":87},[65,25632,203],{"class":83},[65,25634,100],{"class":79},[65,25636,233],{"class":83},[65,25638,387],{"class":87},[65,25640,203],{"class":83},[65,25642,4042],{"class":79},[20,25644,25645],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[56,25647,25649],{"className":58,"code":25648,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25650,25651,25687,25706,25710],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25652,25653,25655,25657,25659,25661,25663,25665,25667,25669,25671,25673,25675,25677,25679,25681,25683,25685],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25654,72],{"class":71},[65,25656,76],{"class":75},[65,25658,80],{"class":79},[65,25660,84],{"class":83},[65,25662,369],{"class":87},[65,25664,84],{"class":83},[65,25666,93],{"class":79},[65,25668,103],{"class":83},[65,25670,542],{"class":87},[65,25672,84],{"class":83},[65,25674,100],{"class":79},[65,25676,103],{"class":83},[65,25678,387],{"class":87},[65,25680,84],{"class":83},[65,25682,93],{"class":79},[65,25684,7940],{"class":96},[65,25686,130],{"class":79},[65,25688,25689,25692,25694,25696,25698,25700,25702,25704],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,25690,25691],{"class":71},"key_list ",[65,25693,76],{"class":75},[65,25695,22667],{"class":1368},[65,25697,168],{"class":79},[65,25699,184],{"class":147},[65,25701,144],{"class":79},[65,25703,17044],{"class":147},[65,25705,980],{"class":79},[65,25707,25708],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,25709,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,25711,25712,25714,25716,25719],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,25713,165],{"class":164},[65,25715,168],{"class":79},[65,25717,25718],{"class":147},"key_list",[65,25720,174],{"class":79},[1059,25722,25724,25725,25727],{"id":25723},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25726,1034],{}," on a list or string",[20,25729,25730,25732],{},[15,25731,1034],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25734,2982],{},[56,25736,25738],{"className":58,"code":25737,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25739,25740,25760],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25741,25742,25744,25746,25748,25750,25752,25754,25756,25758],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25743,3768],{"class":71},[65,25745,76],{"class":75},[65,25747,3773],{"class":79},[65,25749,3135],{"class":96},[65,25751,100],{"class":79},[65,25753,113],{"class":96},[65,25755,100],{"class":79},[65,25757,127],{"class":96},[65,25759,3786],{"class":79},[65,25761,25762,25764,25766,25768,25770,25772],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,25763,165],{"class":164},[65,25765,168],{"class":79},[65,25767,3800],{"class":147},[65,25769,144],{"class":79},[65,25771,17044],{"class":147},[65,25773,980],{"class":79},[20,25775,25776,25777,25780,25781,25783,25784,144],{},"You may get an ",[15,25778,25779],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25782,1034],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[88,25785,1546,25787,25790],{"href":25786},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F",[15,25788,25789],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1059,25792,25794],{"id":25793},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25796,25797],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[56,25799,25801],{"className":58,"code":25800,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25802,25803,25827],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25804,25805,25807,25809,25811,25813,25815,25817,25819,25821,25823,25825],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25806,72],{"class":71},[65,25808,76],{"class":75},[65,25810,80],{"class":79},[65,25812,84],{"class":83},[65,25814,369],{"class":87},[65,25816,84],{"class":83},[65,25818,93],{"class":79},[65,25820,103],{"class":83},[65,25822,542],{"class":87},[65,25824,84],{"class":83},[65,25826,130],{"class":79},[65,25828,25829,25831,25833,25835,25837,25839],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,25830,165],{"class":164},[65,25832,168],{"class":79},[65,25834,184],{"class":147},[65,25836,144],{"class":79},[65,25838,17044],{"class":24857},[65,25840,174],{"class":79},[20,25842,25843],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25845,18810],{},[56,25847,25849],{"className":58,"code":25848,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25850,25851],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25852,25853,25855,25857,25859,25861,25863],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25854,165],{"class":164},[65,25856,168],{"class":79},[65,25858,184],{"class":147},[65,25860,144],{"class":79},[65,25862,17044],{"class":147},[65,25864,980],{"class":79},[51,25866,1766],{"id":1765},[20,25868,25869,25870,93],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25871,1034],{},[30,25873,25874,25879,25885,25891],{},[33,25875,8569,25876,25878],{},[15,25877,1034],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[33,25880,25881,25882,25884],{},"Thinking ",[15,25883,1034],{}," returns values too",[33,25886,25887,25888,25890],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25889,17135],{}," like a normal list",[33,25892,25893,25894,25896],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25895,17135],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25898,25899],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[56,25901,25903],{"className":58,"code":25902,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25904,25905,25937,25951,25955,25965],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25906,25907,25909,25911,25913,25915,25917,25919,25921,25923,25925,25927,25929,25931,25933,25935],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25908,72],{"class":71},[65,25910,76],{"class":75},[65,25912,80],{"class":79},[65,25914,84],{"class":83},[65,25916,88],{"class":87},[65,25918,84],{"class":83},[65,25920,93],{"class":79},[65,25922,97],{"class":96},[65,25924,100],{"class":79},[65,25926,103],{"class":83},[65,25928,106],{"class":87},[65,25930,84],{"class":83},[65,25932,93],{"class":79},[65,25934,113],{"class":96},[65,25936,130],{"class":79},[65,25938,25939,25941,25943,25945,25947,25949],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,25940,17356],{"class":71},[65,25942,76],{"class":75},[65,25944,141],{"class":71},[65,25946,144],{"class":79},[65,25948,17044],{"class":147},[65,25950,151],{"class":79},[65,25952,25953],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,25954,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,25956,25957,25959,25961,25963],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,25958,165],{"class":164},[65,25960,168],{"class":79},[65,25962,17044],{"class":147},[65,25964,174],{"class":79},[65,25966,25967],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,25968,25969],{"class":3816},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25971,25972],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[56,25974,25976],{"className":58,"code":25975,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25977,25978,26010,26028,26032],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,25979,25980,25982,25984,25986,25988,25990,25992,25994,25996,25998,26000,26002,26004,26006,26008],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,25981,72],{"class":71},[65,25983,76],{"class":75},[65,25985,80],{"class":79},[65,25987,84],{"class":83},[65,25989,88],{"class":87},[65,25991,84],{"class":83},[65,25993,93],{"class":79},[65,25995,97],{"class":96},[65,25997,100],{"class":79},[65,25999,103],{"class":83},[65,26001,106],{"class":87},[65,26003,84],{"class":83},[65,26005,93],{"class":79},[65,26007,113],{"class":96},[65,26009,130],{"class":79},[65,26011,26012,26014,26016,26018,26020,26022,26024,26026],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,26013,17356],{"class":71},[65,26015,76],{"class":75},[65,26017,22667],{"class":1368},[65,26019,168],{"class":79},[65,26021,184],{"class":147},[65,26023,144],{"class":79},[65,26025,17044],{"class":147},[65,26027,980],{"class":79},[65,26029,26030],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,26031,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,26033,26034,26036,26038,26040,26042,26044],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,26035,165],{"class":164},[65,26037,168],{"class":79},[65,26039,17044],{"class":147},[65,26041,4054],{"class":79},[65,26043,2267],{"class":96},[65,26045,4042],{"class":79},[51,26047,26049],{"id":26048},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26051,11258],{},[56,26053,26055],{"className":58,"code":26054,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26056,26057,26071,26081,26095],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,26058,26059,26061,26063,26065,26067,26069],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,26060,165],{"class":164},[65,26062,168],{"class":79},[65,26064,3370],{"class":1368},[65,26066,168],{"class":79},[65,26068,1852],{"class":147},[65,26070,1870],{"class":79},[65,26072,26073,26075,26077,26079],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,26074,165],{"class":164},[65,26076,168],{"class":79},[65,26078,1852],{"class":147},[65,26080,174],{"class":79},[65,26082,26083,26085,26087,26089,26091,26093],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,26084,165],{"class":164},[65,26086,168],{"class":79},[65,26088,1852],{"class":147},[65,26090,144],{"class":79},[65,26092,17044],{"class":147},[65,26094,980],{"class":79},[65,26096,26097,26099,26101,26103,26105,26107,26109,26111],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,26098,165],{"class":164},[65,26100,168],{"class":79},[65,26102,8244],{"class":1368},[65,26104,168],{"class":79},[65,26106,1852],{"class":147},[65,26108,144],{"class":79},[65,26110,17044],{"class":147},[65,26112,6443],{"class":79},[20,26114,26115],{},"These help you confirm:",[30,26117,26118,26121,26124,26129],{},[33,26119,26120],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[33,26122,26123],{},"what data it contains",[33,26125,26126,26127,11842],{},"what ",[15,26128,1034],{},[33,26130,26131],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[51,26133,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,26135,24025,26137,1956],{"id":26136},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26138,1034],{},[20,26140,17536,26141,26143],{},[15,26142,17135],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1059,26145,15029,26147,26150],{"id":26146},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26148,26149],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26152,26153,26154,26156,26157,144],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26155,17135],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26158,26159],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1059,26161,26163,26164,2637],{"id":26162},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26165,26149],{},[20,26167,26168,26169,26171],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26170,6110],{}," loop.",[1059,26173,26175,26176,26178],{"id":26174},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26177,1034],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26180,26181,26182,26184],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26183,1034],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1059,26186,26188],{"id":26187},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26190,1309,26191,144],{},[15,26192,26193],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[51,26195,2015],{"id":2014},[30,26197,26198,26203,26209,26215,26221,26225],{},[33,26199,26200],{},[88,26201,26202],{"href":9536},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[33,26204,26205],{},[88,26206,10881,26207,10885],{"href":1038},[15,26208,1041],{},[33,26210,26211],{},[88,26212,10881,26213,10885],{"href":1024},[15,26214,1027],{},[33,26216,26217],{},[88,26218,26220],{"href":26219},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[33,26222,26223],{},[88,26224,17268],{"href":17267},[33,26226,26227],{},[88,26228,26229,26230,25790],{"href":25786},"How to fix ",[15,26231,25789],{},[2071,26233,26234],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":26236},[26237,26238,26240,26241,26242,26243,26244,26246,26255,26256,26257,26268],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":24356,"depth":133,"text":26239},"What keys() does",{"id":5938,"depth":133,"text":5939},{"id":5582,"depth":133,"text":5583},{"id":17532,"depth":133,"text":17533},{"id":25046,"depth":133,"text":25047},{"id":25202,"depth":133,"text":26245},"When to use keys()",{"id":25464,"depth":133,"text":25465,"children":26247},[26248,26250,26252,26254],{"id":25473,"depth":154,"text":26249},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25579,"depth":154,"text":26251},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25723,"depth":154,"text":26253},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25793,"depth":154,"text":25794},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":26048,"depth":133,"text":26049},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":26258},[26259,26261,26263,26265,26267],{"id":26136,"depth":154,"text":26260},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26146,"depth":154,"text":26262},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26162,"depth":154,"text":26264},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26174,"depth":154,"text":26266},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26187,"depth":154,"text":26188},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24178,"description":26269},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26275,"title":26276,"body":26277,"description":28545,"extension":2111,"meta":28546,"navigation":157,"path":28547,"seo":28548,"stem":28549,"__hash__":28550},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26278,"toc":28498},[26279,26284,26289,26292,26294,26439,26452,26457,26461,26475,26477,26580,26589,26591,26594,26632,26657,26659,26766,26768,26775,26778,26786,26788,26929,26937,26942,26946,26957,26959,27120,27123,27131,27138,27144,27241,27247,27324,27327,27339,27344,27350,27353,27357,27446,27449,27453,27556,27563,27650,27659,27661,27666,27672,27675,27721,27724,27790,27799,27804,27897,27903,27909,27952,27955,28020,28026,28118,28121,28125,28131,28156,28159,28255,28262,28264,28269,28360,28362,28390,28395,28397,28404,28407,28411,28421,28426,28429,28436,28446,28453,28461,28463,28495],[10,26280,13,26282,18],{"id":26281},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26283,327],{},[20,26285,26286,26288],{},[15,26287,12704],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26290,26291],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[51,26293,3758],{"id":3757},[56,26295,26297],{"className":58,"code":26296,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26298,26299,26335,26358,26372,26385,26389,26394,26426],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,26300,26301,26303,26305,26307,26309,26311,26313,26315,26317,26319,26321,26323,26325,26327,26329,26331,26333],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,26302,360],{"class":71},[65,26304,76],{"class":75},[65,26306,80],{"class":79},[65,26308,84],{"class":83},[65,26310,369],{"class":87},[65,26312,84],{"class":83},[65,26314,93],{"class":79},[65,26316,103],{"class":83},[65,26318,542],{"class":87},[65,26320,84],{"class":83},[65,26322,100],{"class":79},[65,26324,103],{"class":83},[65,26326,387],{"class":87},[65,26328,84],{"class":83},[65,26330,93],{"class":79},[65,26332,394],{"class":96},[65,26334,130],{"class":79},[65,26336,26337,26340,26342,26344,26346,26348,26350,26352,26354,26356],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,26338,26339],{"class":71},"removed_age ",[65,26341,76],{"class":75},[65,26343,406],{"class":71},[65,26345,144],{"class":79},[65,26347,1078],{"class":147},[65,26349,168],{"class":79},[65,26351,84],{"class":83},[65,26353,387],{"class":87},[65,26355,84],{"class":83},[65,26357,174],{"class":79},[65,26359,26360,26362,26364,26367,26369],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,26361,165],{"class":164},[65,26363,168],{"class":79},[65,26365,26366],{"class":147},"removed_age",[65,26368,3813],{"class":79},[65,26370,26371],{"class":3816},"   # 25\n",[65,26373,26374,26376,26378,26380,26382],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,26375,165],{"class":164},[65,26377,168],{"class":79},[65,26379,17421],{"class":147},[65,26381,3813],{"class":79},[65,26383,26384],{"class":3816},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[65,26386,26387],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,26388,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,26390,26391],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,26392,26393],{"class":3816},"# Safe version with default value\n",[65,26395,26396,26399,26401,26403,26405,26407,26409,26411,26413,26415,26417,26419,26422,26424],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,26397,26398],{"class":71},"country ",[65,26400,76],{"class":75},[65,26402,406],{"class":71},[65,26404,144],{"class":79},[65,26406,1078],{"class":147},[65,26408,168],{"class":79},[65,26410,84],{"class":83},[65,26412,15388],{"class":87},[65,26414,84],{"class":83},[65,26416,100],{"class":79},[65,26418,103],{"class":83},[65,26420,26421],{"class":87},"Not found",[65,26423,84],{"class":83},[65,26425,174],{"class":79},[65,26427,26428,26430,26432,26434,26436],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,26429,165],{"class":164},[65,26431,168],{"class":79},[65,26433,15388],{"class":147},[65,26435,3813],{"class":79},[65,26437,26438],{"class":3816},"       # Not found\n",[20,26440,1309,26441,26444,26445,26448,26449,26451],{},[15,26442,26443],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26446,26447],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26450,1369],{}," when the key might not exist.",[51,26453,252,26455,255],{"id":26454},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26456,12704],{},[20,26458,26459,93],{},[15,26460,12704],{},[30,26462,26463,26466,26469,26472],{},[33,26464,26465],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[33,26467,26468],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[33,26470,26471],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[33,26473,26474],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26476,350],{},[56,26478,26480],{"className":58,"code":26479,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26481,26482,26522,26526,26549,26553,26567],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,26483,26484,26486,26488,26490,26492,26494,26496,26498,26500,26502,26504,26506,26508,26510,26512,26514,26516,26518,26520],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,26485,11627],{"class":71},[65,26487,76],{"class":75},[65,26489,80],{"class":79},[65,26491,84],{"class":83},[65,26493,369],{"class":87},[65,26495,84],{"class":83},[65,26497,93],{"class":79},[65,26499,103],{"class":83},[65,26501,13351],{"class":87},[65,26503,84],{"class":83},[65,26505,100],{"class":79},[65,26507,103],{"class":83},[65,26509,10553],{"class":87},[65,26511,84],{"class":83},[65,26513,93],{"class":79},[65,26515,103],{"class":83},[65,26517,10560],{"class":87},[65,26519,84],{"class":83},[65,26521,130],{"class":79},[65,26523,26524],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,26525,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,26527,26528,26531,26533,26535,26537,26539,26541,26543,26545,26547],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,26529,26530],{"class":71},"removed_city ",[65,26532,76],{"class":75},[65,26534,11707],{"class":71},[65,26536,144],{"class":79},[65,26538,1078],{"class":147},[65,26540,168],{"class":79},[65,26542,84],{"class":83},[65,26544,10553],{"class":87},[65,26546,84],{"class":83},[65,26548,174],{"class":79},[65,26550,26551],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,26552,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,26554,26555,26557,26559,26562,26564],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,26556,165],{"class":164},[65,26558,168],{"class":79},[65,26560,26561],{"class":147},"removed_city",[65,26563,3813],{"class":79},[65,26565,26566],{"class":3816},"  # Paris\n",[65,26568,26569,26571,26573,26575,26577],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,26570,165],{"class":164},[65,26572,168],{"class":79},[65,26574,11718],{"class":147},[65,26576,3813],{"class":79},[65,26578,26579],{"class":3816},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26581,20886,26582,26585,26586,144],{},[15,26583,26584],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26587,26588],{},"\"Paris\"",[51,26590,283],{"id":282},[20,26592,26593],{},"There are two common forms:",[56,26595,26597],{"className":58,"code":26596,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26598,26599,26613],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,26600,26601,26603,26605,26607,26609,26611],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,26602,1852],{"class":71},[65,26604,144],{"class":79},[65,26606,1078],{"class":147},[65,26608,168],{"class":79},[65,26610,487],{"class":147},[65,26612,174],{"class":79},[65,26614,26615,26617,26619,26621,26623,26625,26627,26630],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,26616,1852],{"class":71},[65,26618,144],{"class":79},[65,26620,1078],{"class":147},[65,26622,168],{"class":79},[65,26624,487],{"class":147},[65,26626,100],{"class":79},[65,26628,26629],{"class":147}," default",[65,26631,174],{"class":79},[30,26633,26634,26640,26648,26654],{},[33,26635,26636,26639],{},[15,26637,26638],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[33,26641,26642,26644,26645,26647],{},[15,26643,26638],{}," raises ",[15,26646,1369],{}," if the key is missing",[33,26649,26650,26653],{},[15,26651,26652],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[33,26655,26656],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26658,350],{},[56,26660,26662],{"className":58,"code":26661,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26663,26664,26696,26700,26725,26753],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,26665,26666,26668,26670,26672,26674,26676,26678,26680,26682,26684,26686,26688,26690,26692,26694],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,26667,519],{"class":71},[65,26669,76],{"class":75},[65,26671,80],{"class":79},[65,26673,84],{"class":83},[65,26675,18532],{"class":87},[65,26677,84],{"class":83},[65,26679,93],{"class":79},[65,26681,20013],{"class":96},[65,26683,100],{"class":79},[65,26685,103],{"class":83},[65,26687,18541],{"class":87},[65,26689,84],{"class":83},[65,26691,93],{"class":79},[65,26693,13636],{"class":96},[65,26695,130],{"class":79},[65,26697,26698],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,26699,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,26701,26702,26704,26706,26708,26710,26712,26714,26716,26718,26720,26722],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,26703,165],{"class":164},[65,26705,168],{"class":79},[65,26707,16511],{"class":147},[65,26709,144],{"class":79},[65,26711,1078],{"class":147},[65,26713,168],{"class":79},[65,26715,84],{"class":83},[65,26717,18532],{"class":87},[65,26719,84],{"class":83},[65,26721,5513],{"class":79},[65,26723,26724],{"class":3816},"         # 90\n",[65,26726,26727,26729,26731,26733,26735,26737,26739,26741,26743,26745,26747,26749,26751],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,26728,165],{"class":164},[65,26730,168],{"class":79},[65,26732,16511],{"class":147},[65,26734,144],{"class":79},[65,26736,1078],{"class":147},[65,26738,168],{"class":79},[65,26740,84],{"class":83},[65,26742,18550],{"class":87},[65,26744,84],{"class":83},[65,26746,100],{"class":79},[65,26748,3986],{"class":96},[65,26750,5513],{"class":79},[65,26752,20883],{"class":3816},[65,26754,26755,26757,26759,26761,26763],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,26756,165],{"class":164},[65,26758,168],{"class":79},[65,26760,16511],{"class":147},[65,26762,3813],{"class":79},[65,26764,26765],{"class":3816},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[51,26767,17533],{"id":17532},[20,26769,26770,14183,26772,26774],{},[15,26771,327],{},[46,26773,1014],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26776,26777],{},"Instead, it returns:",[30,26779,26780,26783],{},[33,26781,26782],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[33,26784,26785],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26787,350],{},[56,26789,26791],{"className":58,"code":26790,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26792,26793,26825,26829,26852,26884,26888,26902,26916],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,26794,26795,26797,26799,26801,26803,26805,26807,26809,26811,26813,26815,26817,26819,26821,26823],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,26796,72],{"class":71},[65,26798,76],{"class":75},[65,26800,80],{"class":79},[65,26802,84],{"class":83},[65,26804,88],{"class":87},[65,26806,84],{"class":83},[65,26808,93],{"class":79},[65,26810,6157],{"class":96},[65,26812,100],{"class":79},[65,26814,103],{"class":83},[65,26816,106],{"class":87},[65,26818,84],{"class":83},[65,26820,93],{"class":79},[65,26822,7940],{"class":96},[65,26824,130],{"class":79},[65,26826,26827],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,26828,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,26830,26831,26834,26836,26838,26840,26842,26844,26846,26848,26850],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,26832,26833],{"class":71},"result1 ",[65,26835,76],{"class":75},[65,26837,141],{"class":71},[65,26839,144],{"class":79},[65,26841,1078],{"class":147},[65,26843,168],{"class":79},[65,26845,84],{"class":83},[65,26847,88],{"class":87},[65,26849,84],{"class":83},[65,26851,174],{"class":79},[65,26853,26854,26857,26859,26861,26863,26865,26867,26869,26871,26873,26875,26877,26880,26882],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,26855,26856],{"class":71},"result2 ",[65,26858,76],{"class":75},[65,26860,141],{"class":71},[65,26862,144],{"class":79},[65,26864,1078],{"class":147},[65,26866,168],{"class":79},[65,26868,84],{"class":83},[65,26870,120],{"class":87},[65,26872,84],{"class":83},[65,26874,100],{"class":79},[65,26876,103],{"class":83},[65,26878,26879],{"class":87},"missing",[65,26881,84],{"class":83},[65,26883,174],{"class":79},[65,26885,26886],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,26887,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,26889,26890,26892,26894,26897,26899],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,26891,165],{"class":164},[65,26893,168],{"class":79},[65,26895,26896],{"class":147},"result1",[65,26898,3813],{"class":79},[65,26900,26901],{"class":3816},"  # 10\n",[65,26903,26904,26906,26908,26911,26913],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,26905,165],{"class":164},[65,26907,168],{"class":79},[65,26909,26910],{"class":147},"result2",[65,26912,3813],{"class":79},[65,26914,26915],{"class":3816},"  # missing\n",[65,26917,26918,26920,26922,26924,26926],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,26919,165],{"class":164},[65,26921,168],{"class":79},[65,26923,184],{"class":147},[65,26925,3813],{"class":79},[65,26927,26928],{"class":3816},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26930,26931,26932,328],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[88,26933,26934],{"href":10880},[15,26935,26936],{},"dict.get()",[51,26938,1553,26940],{"id":26939},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26941,327],{},[20,26943,1309,26944,10745],{},[15,26945,327],{},[30,26947,26948,26951,26954],{},[33,26949,26950],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[33,26952,26953],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[33,26955,26956],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26958,350],{},[56,26960,26962],{"className":58,"code":26961,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26963,26964,27015,27019,27046,27050,27074,27078,27092,27106],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,26965,26966,26968,26970,26972,26974,26976,26978,26980,26982,26985,26987,26989,26991,26993,26995,26997,27000,27002,27004,27007,27009,27011,27013],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,26967,25231],{"class":71},[65,26969,76],{"class":75},[65,26971,80],{"class":79},[65,26973,84],{"class":83},[65,26975,369],{"class":87},[65,26977,84],{"class":83},[65,26979,93],{"class":79},[65,26981,103],{"class":83},[65,26983,26984],{"class":87},"Laptop",[65,26986,84],{"class":83},[65,26988,100],{"class":79},[65,26990,103],{"class":83},[65,26992,25257],{"class":87},[65,26994,84],{"class":83},[65,26996,93],{"class":79},[65,26998,26999],{"class":96}," 1200",[65,27001,100],{"class":79},[65,27003,103],{"class":83},[65,27005,27006],{"class":87},"discount",[65,27008,84],{"class":83},[65,27010,93],{"class":79},[65,27012,754],{"class":96},[65,27014,130],{"class":79},[65,27016,27017],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,27018,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,27020,27021,27024,27026,27028,27030,27032,27034,27036,27038,27040,27042,27044],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,27022,27023],{"class":71},"discount_amount ",[65,27025,76],{"class":75},[65,27027,25309],{"class":71},[65,27029,144],{"class":79},[65,27031,1078],{"class":147},[65,27033,168],{"class":79},[65,27035,84],{"class":83},[65,27037,27006],{"class":87},[65,27039,84],{"class":83},[65,27041,100],{"class":79},[65,27043,3986],{"class":96},[65,27045,174],{"class":79},[65,27047,27048],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,27049,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,27051,27052,27055,27057,27059,27061,27063,27065,27067,27069,27071],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,27053,27054],{"class":71},"final_price ",[65,27056,76],{"class":75},[65,27058,25309],{"class":71},[65,27060,4054],{"class":79},[65,27062,84],{"class":83},[65,27064,25257],{"class":87},[65,27066,84],{"class":83},[65,27068,13402],{"class":79},[65,27070,2368],{"class":75},[65,27072,27073],{"class":71}," discount_amount\n",[65,27075,27076],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,27077,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,27079,27080,27082,27084,27087,27089],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,27081,165],{"class":164},[65,27083,168],{"class":79},[65,27085,27086],{"class":147},"discount_amount",[65,27088,3813],{"class":79},[65,27090,27091],{"class":3816},"  # 200\n",[65,27093,27094,27096,27098,27101,27103],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,27095,165],{"class":164},[65,27097,168],{"class":79},[65,27099,27100],{"class":147},"final_price",[65,27102,3813],{"class":79},[65,27104,27105],{"class":3816},"      # 1000\n",[65,27107,27108,27110,27112,27115,27117],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,27109,165],{"class":164},[65,27111,168],{"class":79},[65,27113,27114],{"class":147},"product",[65,27116,3813],{"class":79},[65,27118,27119],{"class":3816},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27121,27122],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[51,27124,27126,10729,27128],{"id":27125},"pop-vs-del",[15,27127,327],{},[15,27129,27130],{},"del",[20,27132,10734,27133,1048,27135,27137],{},[15,27134,327],{},[15,27136,27130],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1059,27139,1309,27141,27143],{"id":27140},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27142,327],{}," when you need the removed value",[56,27145,27147],{"className":58,"code":27146,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27148,27149,27185,27189,27211,27215,27228],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,27150,27151,27153,27155,27157,27159,27161,27163,27165,27167,27169,27171,27173,27175,27177,27179,27181,27183],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,27152,360],{"class":71},[65,27154,76],{"class":75},[65,27156,80],{"class":79},[65,27158,84],{"class":83},[65,27160,369],{"class":87},[65,27162,84],{"class":83},[65,27164,93],{"class":79},[65,27166,103],{"class":83},[65,27168,542],{"class":87},[65,27170,84],{"class":83},[65,27172,100],{"class":79},[65,27174,103],{"class":83},[65,27176,387],{"class":87},[65,27178,84],{"class":83},[65,27180,93],{"class":79},[65,27182,394],{"class":96},[65,27184,130],{"class":79},[65,27186,27187],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,27188,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,27190,27191,27193,27195,27197,27199,27201,27203,27205,27207,27209],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,27192,21741],{"class":71},[65,27194,76],{"class":75},[65,27196,406],{"class":71},[65,27198,144],{"class":79},[65,27200,1078],{"class":147},[65,27202,168],{"class":79},[65,27204,84],{"class":83},[65,27206,387],{"class":87},[65,27208,84],{"class":83},[65,27210,174],{"class":79},[65,27212,27213],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,27214,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,27216,27217,27219,27221,27223,27225],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,27218,165],{"class":164},[65,27220,168],{"class":79},[65,27222,387],{"class":147},[65,27224,3813],{"class":79},[65,27226,27227],{"class":3816},"     # 25\n",[65,27229,27230,27232,27234,27236,27238],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,27231,165],{"class":164},[65,27233,168],{"class":79},[65,27235,17421],{"class":147},[65,27237,3813],{"class":79},[65,27239,27240],{"class":3816},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1059,27242,1309,27244,27246],{"id":27243},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27245,27130],{}," when you only want deletion",[56,27248,27250],{"className":58,"code":27249,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27251,27252,27288,27292,27308,27312],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,27253,27254,27256,27258,27260,27262,27264,27266,27268,27270,27272,27274,27276,27278,27280,27282,27284,27286],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,27255,360],{"class":71},[65,27257,76],{"class":75},[65,27259,80],{"class":79},[65,27261,84],{"class":83},[65,27263,369],{"class":87},[65,27265,84],{"class":83},[65,27267,93],{"class":79},[65,27269,103],{"class":83},[65,27271,542],{"class":87},[65,27273,84],{"class":83},[65,27275,100],{"class":79},[65,27277,103],{"class":83},[65,27279,387],{"class":87},[65,27281,84],{"class":83},[65,27283,93],{"class":79},[65,27285,394],{"class":96},[65,27287,130],{"class":79},[65,27289,27290],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,27291,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,27293,27294,27296,27298,27300,27302,27304,27306],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,27295,27130],{"class":1405},[65,27297,406],{"class":71},[65,27299,4054],{"class":79},[65,27301,84],{"class":83},[65,27303,387],{"class":87},[65,27305,84],{"class":83},[65,27307,3786],{"class":79},[65,27309,27310],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,27311,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,27313,27314,27316,27318,27320,27322],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,27315,165],{"class":164},[65,27317,168],{"class":79},[65,27319,17421],{"class":147},[65,27321,3813],{"class":79},[65,27323,27240],{"class":3816},[20,27325,27326],{},"Difference:",[30,27328,27329,27334],{},[33,27330,27331,27333],{},[15,27332,327],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[33,27335,27336,27338],{},[15,27337,27130],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27340,27341,27342,144],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[88,27343,12708],{"href":2055},[51,27345,27347,27348],{"id":27346},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27349,1369],{},[20,27351,27352],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1059,27354,27356],{"id":27355},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[56,27358,27360],{"className":58,"code":27359,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27361,27362,27387,27391,27417,27421,27433],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,27363,27364,27366,27368,27370,27372,27374,27376,27378,27380,27383,27385],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,27365,11861],{"class":71},[65,27367,76],{"class":75},[65,27369,80],{"class":79},[65,27371,84],{"class":83},[65,27373,369],{"class":87},[65,27375,84],{"class":83},[65,27377,93],{"class":79},[65,27379,103],{"class":83},[65,27381,27382],{"class":87},"Sara",[65,27384,84],{"class":83},[65,27386,130],{"class":79},[65,27388,27389],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,27390,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,27392,27393,27395,27397,27399,27401,27403,27405,27407,27409,27411,27413,27415],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,27394,1189],{"class":71},[65,27396,76],{"class":75},[65,27398,1883],{"class":71},[65,27400,144],{"class":79},[65,27402,1078],{"class":147},[65,27404,168],{"class":79},[65,27406,84],{"class":83},[65,27408,387],{"class":87},[65,27410,84],{"class":83},[65,27412,100],{"class":79},[65,27414,4006],{"class":4005},[65,27416,174],{"class":79},[65,27418,27419],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,27420,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,27422,27423,27425,27427,27429,27431],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,27424,165],{"class":164},[65,27426,168],{"class":79},[65,27428,1714],{"class":147},[65,27430,3813],{"class":79},[65,27432,20676],{"class":3816},[65,27434,27435,27437,27439,27441,27443],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,27436,165],{"class":164},[65,27438,168],{"class":79},[65,27440,1852],{"class":147},[65,27442,3813],{"class":79},[65,27444,27445],{"class":3816}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27447,27448],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1059,27450,27452],{"id":27451},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[56,27454,27456],{"className":58,"code":27455,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27457,27458,27482,27486,27502,27525,27535,27541],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,27459,27460,27462,27464,27466,27468,27470,27472,27474,27476,27478,27480],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,27461,11861],{"class":71},[65,27463,76],{"class":75},[65,27465,80],{"class":79},[65,27467,84],{"class":83},[65,27469,369],{"class":87},[65,27471,84],{"class":83},[65,27473,93],{"class":79},[65,27475,103],{"class":83},[65,27477,27382],{"class":87},[65,27479,84],{"class":83},[65,27481,130],{"class":79},[65,27483,27484],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,27485,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,27487,27488,27490,27492,27494,27496,27498,27500],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,27489,1406],{"class":1405},[65,27491,103],{"class":83},[65,27493,387],{"class":87},[65,27495,84],{"class":83},[65,27497,21289],{"class":75},[65,27499,1883],{"class":71},[65,27501,1411],{"class":79},[65,27503,27504,27507,27509,27511,27513,27515,27517,27519,27521,27523],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,27505,27506],{"class":71},"    value ",[65,27508,76],{"class":75},[65,27510,1883],{"class":71},[65,27512,144],{"class":79},[65,27514,1078],{"class":147},[65,27516,168],{"class":79},[65,27518,84],{"class":83},[65,27520,387],{"class":87},[65,27522,84],{"class":83},[65,27524,174],{"class":79},[65,27526,27527,27529,27531,27533],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,27528,1431],{"class":164},[65,27530,168],{"class":79},[65,27532,1714],{"class":147},[65,27534,174],{"class":79},[65,27536,27537,27539],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,27538,1442],{"class":1405},[65,27540,1411],{"class":79},[65,27542,27543,27545,27547,27549,27552,27554],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,27544,1431],{"class":164},[65,27546,168],{"class":79},[65,27548,84],{"class":83},[65,27550,27551],{"class":87},"Key not found",[65,27553,84],{"class":83},[65,27555,174],{"class":79},[1059,27557,27559,27560,27562],{"id":27558},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27561,10884],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[56,27564,27566],{"className":58,"code":27565,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27567,27568,27592,27596,27622,27626,27638],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,27569,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,27571,11861],{"class":71},[65,27573,76],{"class":75},[65,27575,80],{"class":79},[65,27577,84],{"class":83},[65,27579,369],{"class":87},[65,27581,84],{"class":83},[65,27583,93],{"class":79},[65,27585,103],{"class":83},[65,27587,27382],{"class":87},[65,27589,84],{"class":83},[65,27591,130],{"class":79},[65,27593,27594],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,27595,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,27597,27598,27600,27602,27604,27606,27608,27610,27612,27614,27616,27618,27620],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,27599,1189],{"class":71},[65,27601,76],{"class":75},[65,27603,1883],{"class":71},[65,27605,144],{"class":79},[65,27607,19865],{"class":147},[65,27609,168],{"class":79},[65,27611,84],{"class":83},[65,27613,387],{"class":87},[65,27615,84],{"class":83},[65,27617,100],{"class":79},[65,27619,4006],{"class":4005},[65,27621,174],{"class":79},[65,27623,27624],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,27625,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,27627,27628,27630,27632,27634,27636],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,27629,165],{"class":164},[65,27631,168],{"class":79},[65,27633,1714],{"class":147},[65,27635,3813],{"class":79},[65,27637,20676],{"class":3816},[65,27639,27640,27642,27644,27646,27648],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,27641,165],{"class":164},[65,27643,168],{"class":79},[65,27645,1852],{"class":147},[65,27647,3813],{"class":79},[65,27649,27445],{"class":3816},[20,27651,1309,27652,27656,27657,144],{},[88,27653,27654],{"href":10880},[15,27655,26936],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[88,27658,11407],{"href":11219},[51,27660,4675],{"id":4674},[20,27662,27663,27664,144],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27665,12704],{},[1059,27667,25881,27669,27671],{"id":27668},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27670,327],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27673,27674],{},"Lists use indexes:",[56,27676,27678],{"className":58,"code":27677,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27679,27680,27700],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,27681,27682,27684,27686,27688,27690,27692,27694,27696,27698],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,27683,3768],{"class":71},[65,27685,76],{"class":75},[65,27687,3773],{"class":79},[65,27689,2476],{"class":96},[65,27691,100],{"class":79},[65,27693,7940],{"class":96},[65,27695,100],{"class":79},[65,27697,7945],{"class":96},[65,27699,3786],{"class":79},[65,27701,27702,27704,27706,27708,27710,27712,27714,27716,27718],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,27703,165],{"class":164},[65,27705,168],{"class":79},[65,27707,3800],{"class":147},[65,27709,144],{"class":79},[65,27711,1078],{"class":147},[65,27713,168],{"class":79},[65,27715,3135],{"class":96},[65,27717,5513],{"class":79},[65,27719,27720],{"class":3816},"  # 20\n",[20,27722,27723],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[56,27725,27727],{"className":58,"code":27726,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27728,27729,27765],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,27730,27731,27733,27735,27737,27739,27741,27743,27745,27747,27749,27751,27753,27755,27757,27759,27761,27763],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,27732,360],{"class":71},[65,27734,76],{"class":75},[65,27736,80],{"class":79},[65,27738,84],{"class":83},[65,27740,369],{"class":87},[65,27742,84],{"class":83},[65,27744,93],{"class":79},[65,27746,103],{"class":83},[65,27748,542],{"class":87},[65,27750,84],{"class":83},[65,27752,100],{"class":79},[65,27754,103],{"class":83},[65,27756,387],{"class":87},[65,27758,84],{"class":83},[65,27760,93],{"class":79},[65,27762,394],{"class":96},[65,27764,130],{"class":79},[65,27766,27767,27769,27771,27773,27775,27777,27779,27781,27783,27785,27787],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,27768,165],{"class":164},[65,27770,168],{"class":79},[65,27772,17421],{"class":147},[65,27774,144],{"class":79},[65,27776,1078],{"class":147},[65,27778,168],{"class":79},[65,27780,84],{"class":83},[65,27782,387],{"class":87},[65,27784,84],{"class":83},[65,27786,5513],{"class":79},[65,27788,27789],{"class":3816},"  # 25\n",[20,27791,27792,27793,27795,27796,27798],{},"A dictionary does ",[46,27794,1014],{}," use positions with ",[15,27797,327],{},". It uses keys.",[1059,27800,1812,27802,1815],{"id":27801},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27803,327],{},[56,27805,27807],{"className":58,"code":27806,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27808,27809,27841,27845,27867,27871,27884],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,27810,27811,27813,27815,27817,27819,27821,27823,27825,27827,27829,27831,27833,27835,27837,27839],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,27812,72],{"class":71},[65,27814,76],{"class":75},[65,27816,80],{"class":79},[65,27818,84],{"class":83},[65,27820,931],{"class":87},[65,27822,84],{"class":83},[65,27824,93],{"class":79},[65,27826,97],{"class":96},[65,27828,100],{"class":79},[65,27830,103],{"class":83},[65,27832,944],{"class":87},[65,27834,84],{"class":83},[65,27836,93],{"class":79},[65,27838,113],{"class":96},[65,27840,130],{"class":79},[65,27842,27843],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,27844,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,27846,27847,27849,27851,27853,27855,27857,27859,27861,27863,27865],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,27848,1189],{"class":71},[65,27850,76],{"class":75},[65,27852,141],{"class":71},[65,27854,144],{"class":79},[65,27856,1078],{"class":147},[65,27858,168],{"class":79},[65,27860,84],{"class":83},[65,27862,931],{"class":87},[65,27864,84],{"class":83},[65,27866,174],{"class":79},[65,27868,27869],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,27870,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,27872,27873,27875,27877,27879,27881],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,27874,165],{"class":164},[65,27876,168],{"class":79},[65,27878,1714],{"class":147},[65,27880,3813],{"class":79},[65,27882,27883],{"class":3816},"  # 1\n",[65,27885,27886,27888,27890,27892,27894],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,27887,165],{"class":164},[65,27889,168],{"class":79},[65,27891,184],{"class":147},[65,27893,3813],{"class":79},[65,27895,27896],{"class":3816},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27898,27899,27900,27902],{},"After ",[15,27901,327],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1059,27904,8569,27906,27908],{"id":27905},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27907,327],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[56,27910,27912],{"className":58,"code":27911,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27913,27914,27938,27942,27947],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,27915,27916,27918,27920,27922,27924,27926,27928,27930,27932,27934,27936],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,27917,72],{"class":71},[65,27919,76],{"class":75},[65,27921,80],{"class":79},[65,27923,84],{"class":83},[65,27925,369],{"class":87},[65,27927,84],{"class":83},[65,27929,93],{"class":79},[65,27931,103],{"class":83},[65,27933,8072],{"class":87},[65,27935,84],{"class":83},[65,27937,130],{"class":79},[65,27939,27940],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,27941,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,27943,27944],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,27945,27946],{"class":3816},"# This causes an error\n",[65,27948,27949],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,27950,27951],{"class":3816},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27953,27954],{},"Safer version:",[56,27956,27958],{"className":58,"code":27957,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27959,27960,27984,27988],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,27961,27962,27964,27966,27968,27970,27972,27974,27976,27978,27980,27982],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,27963,72],{"class":71},[65,27965,76],{"class":75},[65,27967,80],{"class":79},[65,27969,84],{"class":83},[65,27971,369],{"class":87},[65,27973,84],{"class":83},[65,27975,93],{"class":79},[65,27977,103],{"class":83},[65,27979,8072],{"class":87},[65,27981,84],{"class":83},[65,27983,130],{"class":79},[65,27985,27986],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,27987,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,27989,27990,27992,27994,27996,27998,28000,28002,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014,28016,28018],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,27991,165],{"class":164},[65,27993,168],{"class":79},[65,27995,184],{"class":147},[65,27997,144],{"class":79},[65,27999,1078],{"class":147},[65,28001,168],{"class":79},[65,28003,84],{"class":83},[65,28005,387],{"class":87},[65,28007,84],{"class":83},[65,28009,100],{"class":79},[65,28011,103],{"class":83},[65,28013,26879],{"class":87},[65,28015,84],{"class":83},[65,28017,5513],{"class":79},[65,28019,26915],{"class":3816},[1059,28021,1792,28023,28025],{"id":28022},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28024,327],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[56,28027,28029],{"className":58,"code":28028,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28030,28031,28063,28067,28089,28093,28105],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,28032,28033,28035,28037,28039,28041,28043,28045,28047,28049,28051,28053,28055,28057,28059,28061],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,28034,72],{"class":71},[65,28036,76],{"class":75},[65,28038,80],{"class":79},[65,28040,84],{"class":83},[65,28042,88],{"class":87},[65,28044,84],{"class":83},[65,28046,93],{"class":79},[65,28048,97],{"class":96},[65,28050,100],{"class":79},[65,28052,103],{"class":83},[65,28054,106],{"class":87},[65,28056,84],{"class":83},[65,28058,93],{"class":79},[65,28060,113],{"class":96},[65,28062,130],{"class":79},[65,28064,28065],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,28066,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,28068,28069,28071,28073,28075,28077,28079,28081,28083,28085,28087],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,28070,401],{"class":71},[65,28072,76],{"class":75},[65,28074,141],{"class":71},[65,28076,144],{"class":79},[65,28078,1078],{"class":147},[65,28080,168],{"class":79},[65,28082,84],{"class":83},[65,28084,88],{"class":87},[65,28086,84],{"class":83},[65,28088,174],{"class":79},[65,28090,28091],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,28092,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,28094,28095,28097,28099,28101,28103],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,28096,165],{"class":164},[65,28098,168],{"class":79},[65,28100,425],{"class":147},[65,28102,3813],{"class":79},[65,28104,27883],{"class":3816},[65,28106,28107,28109,28111,28113,28115],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,28108,165],{"class":164},[65,28110,168],{"class":79},[65,28112,184],{"class":147},[65,28114,3813],{"class":79},[65,28116,28117],{"class":3816},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28119,28120],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[51,28122,28124],{"id":28123},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28126,28127,28128,28130],{},"Problems with ",[15,28129,12704],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[30,28132,28133,28136,28145,28148],{},[33,28134,28135],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[33,28137,28138,28139,28142,28143],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28140,28141],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28144,26443],{},[33,28146,28147],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[33,28149,28150,28151,11237,28153],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28152,3135],{},[15,28154,28155],{},"\"1\"",[20,28157,28158],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[56,28160,28162],{"className":58,"code":28161,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28163,28164,28188,28192,28222],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,28165,28166,28168,28170,28172,28174,28176,28178,28180,28182,28184,28186],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,28167,72],{"class":71},[65,28169,76],{"class":75},[65,28171,80],{"class":79},[65,28173,84],{"class":83},[65,28175,3135],{"class":87},[65,28177,84],{"class":83},[65,28179,93],{"class":79},[65,28181,103],{"class":83},[65,28183,6736],{"class":87},[65,28185,84],{"class":83},[65,28187,130],{"class":79},[65,28189,28190],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,28191,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,28193,28194,28196,28198,28200,28202,28204,28206,28208,28210,28212,28215,28217,28219],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,28195,165],{"class":164},[65,28197,168],{"class":79},[65,28199,184],{"class":147},[65,28201,144],{"class":79},[65,28203,1078],{"class":147},[65,28205,168],{"class":79},[65,28207,3135],{"class":96},[65,28209,100],{"class":79},[65,28211,103],{"class":83},[65,28213,28214],{"class":87},"not found",[65,28216,84],{"class":83},[65,28218,5513],{"class":79},[65,28220,28221],{"class":3816},"    # not found\n",[65,28223,28224,28226,28228,28230,28232,28234,28236,28238,28240,28242,28244,28246,28248,28250,28252],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,28225,165],{"class":164},[65,28227,168],{"class":79},[65,28229,184],{"class":147},[65,28231,144],{"class":79},[65,28233,1078],{"class":147},[65,28235,168],{"class":79},[65,28237,84],{"class":83},[65,28239,3135],{"class":87},[65,28241,84],{"class":83},[65,28243,100],{"class":79},[65,28245,103],{"class":83},[65,28247,28214],{"class":87},[65,28249,84],{"class":83},[65,28251,5513],{"class":79},[65,28253,28254],{"class":3816},"  # one\n",[20,28256,28257,1048,28259,28261],{},[15,28258,3135],{},[15,28260,28155],{}," are different keys.",[51,28263,9023],{"id":9022},[20,28265,9026,28266,28268],{},[15,28267,327],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[56,28270,28272],{"className":58,"code":28271,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28273,28274,28284,28298,28316,28346],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,28275,28276,28278,28280,28282],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,28277,165],{"class":164},[65,28279,168],{"class":79},[65,28281,1852],{"class":147},[65,28283,174],{"class":79},[65,28285,28286,28288,28290,28292,28294,28296],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,28287,165],{"class":164},[65,28289,168],{"class":79},[65,28291,1852],{"class":147},[65,28293,144],{"class":79},[65,28295,17044],{"class":147},[65,28297,980],{"class":79},[65,28299,28300,28302,28304,28306,28308,28310,28312,28314],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,28301,165],{"class":164},[65,28303,168],{"class":79},[65,28305,203],{"class":83},[65,28307,369],{"class":87},[65,28309,203],{"class":83},[65,28311,21289],{"class":1405},[65,28313,1883],{"class":147},[65,28315,174],{"class":79},[65,28317,28318,28320,28322,28324,28326,28328,28330,28332,28334,28336,28338,28340,28342,28344],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,28319,165],{"class":164},[65,28321,168],{"class":79},[65,28323,1852],{"class":147},[65,28325,144],{"class":79},[65,28327,1078],{"class":147},[65,28329,168],{"class":79},[65,28331,203],{"class":83},[65,28333,369],{"class":87},[65,28335,203],{"class":83},[65,28337,100],{"class":79},[65,28339,233],{"class":83},[65,28341,26879],{"class":87},[65,28343,203],{"class":83},[65,28345,1870],{"class":79},[65,28347,28348,28350,28352,28354,28356,28358],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,28349,165],{"class":164},[65,28351,168],{"class":79},[65,28353,3370],{"class":1368},[65,28355,168],{"class":79},[65,28357,1852],{"class":147},[65,28359,1870],{"class":79},[20,28361,21452],{},[30,28363,28364,28369,28374,28379,28385],{},[33,28365,28366,28368],{},[15,28367,12813],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[33,28370,28371,28373],{},[15,28372,21464],{}," shows all available keys",[33,28375,28376,28378],{},[15,28377,21470],{}," checks whether a key exists",[33,28380,28381,28384],{},[15,28382,28383],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[33,28386,28387,28389],{},[15,28388,12819],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28391,28392,28393,144],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[88,28394,9537],{"href":9536},[51,28396,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,28398,28400,28401,28403],{"id":28399},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28402,327],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28405,28406],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1059,28408,28410],{"id":28409},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28412,28413,26644,28415,28417,28418,28420],{},[15,28414,26443],{},[15,28416,1369],{},". ",[15,28419,26447],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1059,28422,1966,28424,1993],{"id":28423},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28425,327],{},[20,28427,28428],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1059,28430,28432,28433,28435],{"id":28431},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28434,327],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28437,28438,28439,28441,28442,144],{},"Not with ",[15,28440,12704],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[88,28443,28444],{"href":12714},[15,28445,17],{},[1059,28447,5330,28449,1048,28451,2637],{"id":28448},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28450,10884],{},[15,28452,327],{},[20,28454,28455,28457,28458,28460],{},[15,28456,10884],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28459,327],{}," reads and removes it.",[51,28462,2015],{"id":2014},[30,28464,28465,28471,28477,28481,28485,28489],{},[33,28466,28467],{},[88,28468,28469],{"href":10880},[15,28470,19784],{},[33,28472,28473],{},[88,28474,28475],{"href":12714},[15,28476,5],{},[33,28478,28479],{},[88,28480,2056],{"href":2055},[33,28482,28483],{},[88,28484,2062],{"href":2061},[33,28486,28487],{},[88,28488,11407],{"href":11219},[33,28490,28491],{},[88,28492,28494],{"href":28493},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2071,28496,28497],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30309,"toc":32183},[30310,30315,30320,30323,30325,30422,30427,30432,30437,30440,30448,30451,30466,30468,30568,30570,30627,30631,30633,30636,30656,30661,30672,30675,30702,30705,30707,30764,30766,30787,30793,30798,30801,30812,30814,30922,30924,30977,30979,30991,30998,31004,31009,31012,31100,31102,31147,31150,31158,31161,31164,31233,31236,31239,31243,31246,31317,31319,31372,31375,31378,31381,31396,31399,31411,31414,31477,31479,31485,31487,31489,31568,31570,31611,31613,31678,31680,31717,31722,31727,31731,31745,31748,31871,31873,31958,31963,31965,31969,31991,31994,32074,32077,32096,32101,32103,32109,32114,32120,32123,32129,32132,32138,32143,32149,32155,32157,32180],[10,30311,13,30313,18],{"id":30312},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30314,15080],{},[20,30316,22,30317,30319],{},[15,30318,15080],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30321,30322],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[51,30324,54],{"id":53},[56,30326,30328],{"className":58,"code":30327,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30329,30330,30366,30407,30417],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,30331,30332,30334,30336,30338,30340,30342,30344,30346,30348,30350,30352,30354,30356,30358,30360,30362,30364],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,30333,360],{"class":71},[65,30335,76],{"class":75},[65,30337,80],{"class":79},[65,30339,84],{"class":83},[65,30341,369],{"class":87},[65,30343,84],{"class":83},[65,30345,93],{"class":79},[65,30347,103],{"class":83},[65,30349,542],{"class":87},[65,30351,84],{"class":83},[65,30353,100],{"class":79},[65,30355,103],{"class":83},[65,30357,387],{"class":87},[65,30359,84],{"class":83},[65,30361,93],{"class":79},[65,30363,7940],{"class":96},[65,30365,130],{"class":79},[65,30367,30368,30370,30372,30375,30377,30379,30381,30383,30385,30388,30390,30392,30394,30396,30398,30400,30402,30404],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,30369,17421],{"class":71},[65,30371,144],{"class":79},[65,30373,30374],{"class":147},"update",[65,30376,5681],{"class":79},[65,30378,84],{"class":83},[65,30380,387],{"class":87},[65,30382,84],{"class":83},[65,30384,93],{"class":79},[65,30386,30387],{"class":96}," 21",[65,30389,100],{"class":79},[65,30391,103],{"class":83},[65,30393,10553],{"class":87},[65,30395,84],{"class":83},[65,30397,93],{"class":79},[65,30399,103],{"class":83},[65,30401,16153],{"class":87},[65,30403,84],{"class":83},[65,30405,30406],{"class":79},"})\n",[65,30408,30409,30411,30413,30415],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,30410,165],{"class":164},[65,30412,168],{"class":79},[65,30414,17421],{"class":147},[65,30416,174],{"class":79},[65,30418,30419],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,30420,30421],{"class":3816},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30423,1309,30424,30426],{},[15,30425,15080],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[51,30428,252,30430,255],{"id":30429},"what-update-does",[15,30431,15080],{},[20,30433,30434,30436],{},[15,30435,15080],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30438,30439],{},"It can do two main things:",[30,30441,30442,30445],{},[33,30443,30444],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[33,30446,30447],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30449,30450],{},"Important things to know:",[30,30452,30453,30456,30459,30463],{},[33,30454,30455],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[33,30457,30458],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[33,30460,5298,30461],{},[15,30462,3930],{},[33,30464,30465],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30467,350],{},[56,30469,30471],{"className":58,"code":30470,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30472,30473,30515,30558],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,30474,30475,30477,30479,30481,30483,30485,30487,30489,30491,30494,30496,30498,30500,30502,30504,30506,30508,30511,30513],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,30476,12994],{"class":71},[65,30478,76],{"class":75},[65,30480,80],{"class":79},[65,30482,84],{"class":83},[65,30484,369],{"class":87},[65,30486,84],{"class":83},[65,30488,93],{"class":79},[65,30490,103],{"class":83},[65,30492,30493],{"class":87},"Mira",[65,30495,84],{"class":83},[65,30497,100],{"class":79},[65,30499,103],{"class":83},[65,30501,20006],{"class":87},[65,30503,84],{"class":83},[65,30505,93],{"class":79},[65,30507,103],{"class":83},[65,30509,30510],{"class":87},"B",[65,30512,84],{"class":83},[65,30514,130],{"class":79},[65,30516,30517,30519,30521,30523,30525,30527,30529,30531,30533,30535,30537,30539,30541,30543,30545,30547,30549,30551,30554,30556],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,30518,13755],{"class":71},[65,30520,144],{"class":79},[65,30522,30374],{"class":147},[65,30524,5681],{"class":79},[65,30526,84],{"class":83},[65,30528,20006],{"class":87},[65,30530,84],{"class":83},[65,30532,93],{"class":79},[65,30534,103],{"class":83},[65,30536,22355],{"class":87},[65,30538,84],{"class":83},[65,30540,100],{"class":79},[65,30542,103],{"class":83},[65,30544,10553],{"class":87},[65,30546,84],{"class":83},[65,30548,93],{"class":79},[65,30550,103],{"class":83},[65,30552,30553],{"class":87},"Quito",[65,30555,84],{"class":83},[65,30557,30406],{"class":79},[65,30559,30560,30562,30564,30566],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,30561,165],{"class":164},[65,30563,168],{"class":79},[65,30565,13755],{"class":147},[65,30567,174],{"class":79},[20,30569,191],{},[56,30571,30573],{"className":58,"code":30572,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30574,30575],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,30576,30577,30579,30581,30583,30585,30587,30589,30591,30593,30595,30597,30599,30601,30603,30605,30607,30609,30611,30613,30615,30617,30619,30621,30623,30625],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,30578,218],{"class":79},[65,30580,203],{"class":83},[65,30582,369],{"class":87},[65,30584,203],{"class":83},[65,30586,93],{"class":79},[65,30588,233],{"class":83},[65,30590,30493],{"class":87},[65,30592,203],{"class":83},[65,30594,100],{"class":79},[65,30596,233],{"class":83},[65,30598,20006],{"class":87},[65,30600,203],{"class":83},[65,30602,93],{"class":79},[65,30604,233],{"class":83},[65,30606,22355],{"class":87},[65,30608,203],{"class":83},[65,30610,100],{"class":79},[65,30612,233],{"class":83},[65,30614,10553],{"class":87},[65,30616,203],{"class":83},[65,30618,93],{"class":79},[65,30620,233],{"class":83},[65,30622,30553],{"class":87},[65,30624,203],{"class":83},[65,30626,130],{"class":79},[20,30628,9303,30629,144],{},[88,30630,24735],{"href":9536},[51,30632,283],{"id":282},[20,30634,30635],{},"The basic form is:",[56,30637,30639],{"className":58,"code":30638,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30640,30641],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,30642,30643,30645,30647,30649,30651,30654],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,30644,293],{"class":71},[65,30646,144],{"class":79},[65,30648,30374],{"class":147},[65,30650,168],{"class":79},[65,30652,30653],{"class":147},"other",[65,30655,174],{"class":79},[20,30657,30658,30660],{},[15,30659,30653],{}," can be:",[30,30662,30663,30666,30669],{},[33,30664,30665],{},"Another dictionary",[33,30667,30668],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[33,30670,30671],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30673,30674],{},"You can also use:",[56,30676,30678],{"className":58,"code":30677,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30679,30680],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,30681,30682,30684,30686,30688,30690,30692,30694,30696,30698,30700],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,30683,293],{"class":71},[65,30685,144],{"class":79},[65,30687,30374],{"class":147},[65,30689,168],{"class":79},[65,30691,369],{"class":9326},[65,30693,76],{"class":75},[65,30695,84],{"class":83},[65,30697,7826],{"class":87},[65,30699,84],{"class":83},[65,30701,174],{"class":79},[20,30703,30704],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30706,350],{},[56,30708,30710],{"className":58,"code":30709,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30711,30712,30732,30754],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,30713,30714,30716,30718,30720,30722,30724,30726,30728,30730],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,30715,72],{"class":71},[65,30717,76],{"class":75},[65,30719,80],{"class":79},[65,30721,84],{"class":83},[65,30723,88],{"class":87},[65,30725,84],{"class":83},[65,30727,93],{"class":79},[65,30729,97],{"class":96},[65,30731,130],{"class":79},[65,30733,30734,30736,30738,30740,30742,30744,30746,30748,30750,30752],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,30735,184],{"class":71},[65,30737,144],{"class":79},[65,30739,30374],{"class":147},[65,30741,5681],{"class":79},[65,30743,84],{"class":83},[65,30745,88],{"class":87},[65,30747,84],{"class":83},[65,30749,93],{"class":79},[65,30751,6157],{"class":96},[65,30753,30406],{"class":79},[65,30755,30756,30758,30760,30762],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,30757,165],{"class":164},[65,30759,168],{"class":79},[65,30761,184],{"class":147},[65,30763,174],{"class":79},[20,30765,191],{},[56,30767,30769],{"className":58,"code":30768,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30770,30771],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,30772,30773,30775,30777,30779,30781,30783,30785],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,30774,218],{"class":79},[65,30776,203],{"class":83},[65,30778,88],{"class":87},[65,30780,203],{"class":83},[65,30782,93],{"class":79},[65,30784,6157],{"class":96},[65,30786,130],{"class":79},[51,30788,8569,30790,30792],{"id":30789},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30791,15080],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30794,30795,30796,144],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30797,15080],{},[20,30799,30800],{},"It is useful when:",[30,30802,30803,30806,30809],{},[33,30804,30805],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[33,30807,30808],{},"Adding extra settings",[33,30810,30811],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30813,350],{},[56,30815,30817],{"className":58,"code":30816,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30818,30819,30856,30893,30897,30912],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,30820,30821,30823,30825,30827,30829,30831,30833,30835,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30854],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,30822,13955],{"class":71},[65,30824,76],{"class":75},[65,30826,80],{"class":79},[65,30828,84],{"class":83},[65,30830,12630],{"class":87},[65,30832,84],{"class":83},[65,30834,93],{"class":79},[65,30836,103],{"class":83},[65,30838,21043],{"class":87},[65,30840,84],{"class":83},[65,30842,100],{"class":79},[65,30844,103],{"class":83},[65,30846,13980],{"class":87},[65,30848,84],{"class":83},[65,30850,93],{"class":79},[65,30852,30853],{"class":96}," 12",[65,30855,130],{"class":79},[65,30857,30858,30861,30863,30865,30867,30869,30871,30873,30875,30877,30879,30881,30883,30885,30887,30889,30891],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,30859,30860],{"class":71},"new_settings ",[65,30862,76],{"class":75},[65,30864,80],{"class":79},[65,30866,84],{"class":83},[65,30868,13980],{"class":87},[65,30870,84],{"class":83},[65,30872,93],{"class":79},[65,30874,13987],{"class":96},[65,30876,100],{"class":79},[65,30878,103],{"class":83},[65,30880,20238],{"class":87},[65,30882,84],{"class":83},[65,30884,93],{"class":79},[65,30886,103],{"class":83},[65,30888,20272],{"class":87},[65,30890,84],{"class":83},[65,30892,130],{"class":79},[65,30894,30895],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,30896,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,30898,30899,30901,30903,30905,30907,30910],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,30900,14014],{"class":71},[65,30902,144],{"class":79},[65,30904,30374],{"class":147},[65,30906,168],{"class":79},[65,30908,30909],{"class":147},"new_settings",[65,30911,174],{"class":79},[65,30913,30914,30916,30918,30920],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,30915,165],{"class":164},[65,30917,168],{"class":79},[65,30919,14014],{"class":147},[65,30921,174],{"class":79},[20,30923,191],{},[56,30925,30927],{"className":58,"code":30926,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30928,30929],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,30930,30931,30933,30935,30937,30939,30941,30943,30945,30947,30949,30951,30953,30955,30957,30959,30961,30963,30965,30967,30969,30971,30973,30975],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,30932,218],{"class":79},[65,30934,203],{"class":83},[65,30936,12630],{"class":87},[65,30938,203],{"class":83},[65,30940,93],{"class":79},[65,30942,233],{"class":83},[65,30944,21043],{"class":87},[65,30946,203],{"class":83},[65,30948,100],{"class":79},[65,30950,233],{"class":83},[65,30952,13980],{"class":87},[65,30954,203],{"class":83},[65,30956,93],{"class":79},[65,30958,13987],{"class":96},[65,30960,100],{"class":79},[65,30962,233],{"class":83},[65,30964,20238],{"class":87},[65,30966,203],{"class":83},[65,30968,93],{"class":79},[65,30970,233],{"class":83},[65,30972,20272],{"class":87},[65,30974,203],{"class":83},[65,30976,130],{"class":79},[20,30978,13538],{},[30,30980,30981,30986],{},[33,30982,30983,30985],{},[15,30984,13980],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[33,30987,30988,30990],{},[15,30989,20238],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30992,30993,30994,144],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[88,30995,30997],{"href":30996},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[51,30999,8569,31001,31003],{"id":31000},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31002,15080],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31005,31006,31008],{},[15,31007,15080],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31010,31011],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[56,31013,31015],{"className":58,"code":31014,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31016,31017,31037,31072,31076,31090],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,31018,31019,31021,31023,31025,31027,31029,31031,31033,31035],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,31020,519],{"class":71},[65,31022,76],{"class":75},[65,31024,80],{"class":79},[65,31026,84],{"class":83},[65,31028,18532],{"class":87},[65,31030,84],{"class":83},[65,31032,93],{"class":79},[65,31034,20013],{"class":96},[65,31036,130],{"class":79},[65,31038,31039,31041,31043,31045,31047,31049,31051,31053,31055,31057,31059,31061,31064,31066,31068,31070],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,31040,9365],{"class":71},[65,31042,76],{"class":75},[65,31044,9370],{"class":79},[65,31046,84],{"class":83},[65,31048,18541],{"class":87},[65,31050,84],{"class":83},[65,31052,100],{"class":79},[65,31054,13636],{"class":96},[65,31056,9383],{"class":79},[65,31058,648],{"class":79},[65,31060,84],{"class":83},[65,31062,31063],{"class":87},"english",[65,31065,84],{"class":83},[65,31067,100],{"class":79},[65,31069,563],{"class":96},[65,31071,9398],{"class":79},[65,31073,31074],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,31075,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,31077,31078,31080,31082,31084,31086,31088],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,31079,16511],{"class":71},[65,31081,144],{"class":79},[65,31083,30374],{"class":147},[65,31085,168],{"class":79},[65,31087,9411],{"class":147},[65,31089,174],{"class":79},[65,31091,31092,31094,31096,31098],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,31093,165],{"class":164},[65,31095,168],{"class":79},[65,31097,16511],{"class":147},[65,31099,174],{"class":79},[20,31101,191],{},[56,31103,31105],{"className":58,"code":31104,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31106,31107],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,31108,31109,31111,31113,31115,31117,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127,31129,31131,31133,31135,31137,31139,31141,31143,31145],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,31110,218],{"class":79},[65,31112,203],{"class":83},[65,31114,18532],{"class":87},[65,31116,203],{"class":83},[65,31118,93],{"class":79},[65,31120,20013],{"class":96},[65,31122,100],{"class":79},[65,31124,233],{"class":83},[65,31126,18541],{"class":87},[65,31128,203],{"class":83},[65,31130,93],{"class":79},[65,31132,13636],{"class":96},[65,31134,100],{"class":79},[65,31136,233],{"class":83},[65,31138,31063],{"class":87},[65,31140,203],{"class":83},[65,31142,93],{"class":79},[65,31144,563],{"class":96},[65,31146,130],{"class":79},[20,31148,31149],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[30,31151,31152,31155],{},[33,31153,31154],{},"The key",[33,31156,31157],{},"The value",[20,31159,31160],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31162,31163],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[56,31165,31167],{"className":58,"code":31166,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31168,31169,31189,31214,31218],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,31170,31171,31173,31175,31177,31179,31181,31183,31185,31187],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,31172,72],{"class":71},[65,31174,76],{"class":75},[65,31176,80],{"class":79},[65,31178,84],{"class":83},[65,31180,88],{"class":87},[65,31182,84],{"class":83},[65,31184,93],{"class":79},[65,31186,97],{"class":96},[65,31188,130],{"class":79},[65,31190,31191,31194,31196,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206,31208,31210,31212],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,31192,31193],{"class":71},"bad_pairs ",[65,31195,76],{"class":75},[65,31197,9370],{"class":79},[65,31199,84],{"class":83},[65,31201,106],{"class":87},[65,31203,84],{"class":83},[65,31205,100],{"class":79},[65,31207,113],{"class":96},[65,31209,100],{"class":79},[65,31211,127],{"class":96},[65,31213,9398],{"class":79},[65,31215,31216],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,31217,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,31219,31220,31222,31224,31226,31228,31231],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,31221,184],{"class":71},[65,31223,144],{"class":79},[65,31225,30374],{"class":147},[65,31227,168],{"class":79},[65,31229,31230],{"class":147},"bad_pairs",[65,31232,174],{"class":79},[20,31234,31235],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31237,31238],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[51,31240,31242],{"id":31241},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31244,31245],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[56,31247,31249],{"className":58,"code":31248,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31250,31251,31275,31307],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,31252,31253,31255,31257,31259,31261,31263,31265,31267,31269,31271,31273],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,31254,11627],{"class":71},[65,31256,76],{"class":75},[65,31258,80],{"class":79},[65,31260,84],{"class":83},[65,31262,369],{"class":87},[65,31264,84],{"class":83},[65,31266,93],{"class":79},[65,31268,103],{"class":83},[65,31270,556],{"class":87},[65,31272,84],{"class":83},[65,31274,130],{"class":79},[65,31276,31277,31279,31281,31283,31285,31287,31289,31291,31293,31296,31298,31300,31303,31305],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,31278,11718],{"class":71},[65,31280,144],{"class":79},[65,31282,30374],{"class":147},[65,31284,168],{"class":79},[65,31286,387],{"class":9326},[65,31288,76],{"class":75},[65,31290,9344],{"class":96},[65,31292,100],{"class":79},[65,31294,31295],{"class":9326}," city",[65,31297,76],{"class":75},[65,31299,84],{"class":83},[65,31301,31302],{"class":87},"Madrid",[65,31304,84],{"class":83},[65,31306,174],{"class":79},[65,31308,31309,31311,31313,31315],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,31310,165],{"class":164},[65,31312,168],{"class":79},[65,31314,11718],{"class":147},[65,31316,174],{"class":79},[20,31318,191],{},[56,31320,31322],{"className":58,"code":31321,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31323,31324],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,31325,31326,31328,31330,31332,31334,31336,31338,31340,31342,31344,31346,31348,31350,31352,31354,31356,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366,31368,31370],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,31327,218],{"class":79},[65,31329,203],{"class":83},[65,31331,369],{"class":87},[65,31333,203],{"class":83},[65,31335,93],{"class":79},[65,31337,233],{"class":83},[65,31339,556],{"class":87},[65,31341,203],{"class":83},[65,31343,100],{"class":79},[65,31345,233],{"class":83},[65,31347,387],{"class":87},[65,31349,203],{"class":83},[65,31351,93],{"class":79},[65,31353,394],{"class":96},[65,31355,100],{"class":79},[65,31357,233],{"class":83},[65,31359,10553],{"class":87},[65,31361,203],{"class":83},[65,31363,93],{"class":79},[65,31365,233],{"class":83},[65,31367,31302],{"class":87},[65,31369,203],{"class":83},[65,31371,130],{"class":79},[20,31373,31374],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31376,31377],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31379,31380],{},"These work:",[30,31382,31383,31387,31391],{},[33,31384,31385],{},[15,31386,387],{},[33,31388,31389],{},[15,31390,10553],{},[33,31392,31393],{},[15,31394,31395],{},"first_name",[20,31397,31398],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[30,31400,31401,31406],{},[33,31402,31403],{},[15,31404,31405],{},"\"first name\"",[33,31407,31408],{},[15,31409,31410],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31412,31413],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[56,31415,31417],{"className":58,"code":31416,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31418,31419,31427,31467],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,31420,31421,31423,31425],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,31422,11627],{"class":71},[65,31424,76],{"class":75},[65,31426,1343],{"class":79},[65,31428,31429,31431,31433,31435,31437,31439,31441,31443,31445,31447,31449,31451,31453,31455,31458,31460,31462,31465],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,31430,11718],{"class":71},[65,31432,144],{"class":79},[65,31434,30374],{"class":147},[65,31436,5681],{"class":79},[65,31438,84],{"class":83},[65,31440,10656],{"class":87},[65,31442,84],{"class":83},[65,31444,93],{"class":79},[65,31446,103],{"class":83},[65,31448,556],{"class":87},[65,31450,84],{"class":83},[65,31452,100],{"class":79},[65,31454,103],{"class":83},[65,31456,31457],{"class":87},"user-id",[65,31459,84],{"class":83},[65,31461,93],{"class":79},[65,31463,31464],{"class":96}," 1001",[65,31466,30406],{"class":79},[65,31468,31469,31471,31473,31475],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,31470,165],{"class":164},[65,31472,168],{"class":79},[65,31474,11718],{"class":147},[65,31476,174],{"class":79},[51,31478,17533],{"id":17532},[20,31480,31481,2543,31483,144],{},[15,31482,15080],{},[15,31484,3930],{},[20,31486,14178],{},[20,31488,24815],{},[56,31490,31492],{"className":58,"code":31491,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31493,31494,31518,31544,31548,31558],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,31495,31496,31498,31500,31502,31504,31506,31508,31510,31512,31514,31516],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,31497,360],{"class":71},[65,31499,76],{"class":75},[65,31501,80],{"class":79},[65,31503,84],{"class":83},[65,31505,369],{"class":87},[65,31507,84],{"class":83},[65,31509,93],{"class":79},[65,31511,103],{"class":83},[65,31513,542],{"class":87},[65,31515,84],{"class":83},[65,31517,130],{"class":79},[65,31519,31520,31522,31524,31526,31528,31530,31532,31534,31536,31538,31540,31542],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,31521,401],{"class":71},[65,31523,76],{"class":75},[65,31525,406],{"class":71},[65,31527,144],{"class":79},[65,31529,30374],{"class":147},[65,31531,5681],{"class":79},[65,31533,84],{"class":83},[65,31535,387],{"class":87},[65,31537,84],{"class":83},[65,31539,93],{"class":79},[65,31541,7940],{"class":96},[65,31543,30406],{"class":79},[65,31545,31546],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,31547,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,31549,31550,31552,31554,31556],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,31551,165],{"class":164},[65,31553,168],{"class":79},[65,31555,425],{"class":147},[65,31557,174],{"class":79},[65,31559,31560,31562,31564,31566],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,31561,165],{"class":164},[65,31563,168],{"class":79},[65,31565,17421],{"class":147},[65,31567,174],{"class":79},[20,31569,191],{},[56,31571,31573],{"className":58,"code":31572,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31574,31575,31579],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,31576,31577],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,31578,11943],{"class":4005},[65,31580,31581,31583,31585,31587,31589,31591,31593,31595,31597,31599,31601,31603,31605,31607,31609],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,31582,218],{"class":79},[65,31584,203],{"class":83},[65,31586,369],{"class":87},[65,31588,203],{"class":83},[65,31590,93],{"class":79},[65,31592,233],{"class":83},[65,31594,542],{"class":87},[65,31596,203],{"class":83},[65,31598,100],{"class":79},[65,31600,233],{"class":83},[65,31602,387],{"class":87},[65,31604,203],{"class":83},[65,31606,93],{"class":79},[65,31608,7940],{"class":96},[65,31610,130],{"class":79},[20,31612,16776],{},[56,31614,31616],{"className":58,"code":31615,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31617,31618,31642,31664,31668],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,31619,31620,31622,31624,31626,31628,31630,31632,31634,31636,31638,31640],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,31621,360],{"class":71},[65,31623,76],{"class":75},[65,31625,80],{"class":79},[65,31627,84],{"class":83},[65,31629,369],{"class":87},[65,31631,84],{"class":83},[65,31633,93],{"class":79},[65,31635,103],{"class":83},[65,31637,542],{"class":87},[65,31639,84],{"class":83},[65,31641,130],{"class":79},[65,31643,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654,31656,31658,31660,31662],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,31645,17421],{"class":71},[65,31647,144],{"class":79},[65,31649,30374],{"class":147},[65,31651,5681],{"class":79},[65,31653,84],{"class":83},[65,31655,387],{"class":87},[65,31657,84],{"class":83},[65,31659,93],{"class":79},[65,31661,7940],{"class":96},[65,31663,30406],{"class":79},[65,31665,31666],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,31667,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,31669,31670,31672,31674,31676],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,31671,165],{"class":164},[65,31673,168],{"class":79},[65,31675,17421],{"class":147},[65,31677,174],{"class":79},[20,31679,191],{},[56,31681,31683],{"className":58,"code":31682,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31684,31685],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,31686,31687,31689,31691,31693,31695,31697,31699,31701,31703,31705,31707,31709,31711,31713,31715],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,31688,218],{"class":79},[65,31690,203],{"class":83},[65,31692,369],{"class":87},[65,31694,203],{"class":83},[65,31696,93],{"class":79},[65,31698,233],{"class":83},[65,31700,542],{"class":87},[65,31702,203],{"class":83},[65,31704,100],{"class":79},[65,31706,233],{"class":83},[65,31708,387],{"class":87},[65,31710,203],{"class":83},[65,31712,93],{"class":79},[65,31714,7940],{"class":96},[65,31716,130],{"class":79},[20,31718,31719,31720,144],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[88,31721,18019],{"href":10875},[51,31723,1553,31725],{"id":31724},"when-to-use-update",[15,31726,15080],{},[20,31728,1309,31729,10745],{},[15,31730,15080],{},[30,31732,31733,31736,31739,31742],{},[33,31734,31735],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[33,31737,31738],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[33,31740,31741],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[33,31743,31744],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31746,31747],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[56,31749,31751],{"className":58,"code":31750,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31752,31753,31789,31804,31808,31847,31851,31861],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,31754,31755,31757,31759,31761,31763,31765,31767,31769,31771,31773,31775,31777,31779,31781,31783,31785,31787],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,31756,12221],{"class":71},[65,31758,76],{"class":75},[65,31760,80],{"class":79},[65,31762,84],{"class":83},[65,31764,369],{"class":87},[65,31766,84],{"class":83},[65,31768,93],{"class":79},[65,31770,103],{"class":83},[65,31772,542],{"class":87},[65,31774,84],{"class":83},[65,31776,100],{"class":79},[65,31778,103],{"class":83},[65,31780,387],{"class":87},[65,31782,84],{"class":83},[65,31784,93],{"class":79},[65,31786,7940],{"class":96},[65,31788,130],{"class":79},[65,31790,31791,31794,31796,31798,31800,31802],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,31792,31793],{"class":71},"updated ",[65,31795,76],{"class":75},[65,31797,12296],{"class":71},[65,31799,144],{"class":79},[65,31801,13041],{"class":147},[65,31803,151],{"class":79},[65,31805,31806],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,31807,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,31809,31810,31813,31815,31817,31819,31821,31823,31825,31827,31829,31831,31833,31835,31837,31839,31841,31843,31845],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,31811,31812],{"class":71},"updated",[65,31814,144],{"class":79},[65,31816,30374],{"class":147},[65,31818,5681],{"class":79},[65,31820,84],{"class":83},[65,31822,387],{"class":87},[65,31824,84],{"class":83},[65,31826,93],{"class":79},[65,31828,30387],{"class":96},[65,31830,100],{"class":79},[65,31832,103],{"class":83},[65,31834,10553],{"class":87},[65,31836,84],{"class":83},[65,31838,93],{"class":79},[65,31840,103],{"class":83},[65,31842,16153],{"class":87},[65,31844,84],{"class":83},[65,31846,30406],{"class":79},[65,31848,31849],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,31850,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,31852,31853,31855,31857,31859],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,31854,165],{"class":164},[65,31856,168],{"class":79},[65,31858,12268],{"class":147},[65,31860,174],{"class":79},[65,31862,31863,31865,31867,31869],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,31864,165],{"class":164},[65,31866,168],{"class":79},[65,31868,31812],{"class":147},[65,31870,174],{"class":79},[20,31872,191],{},[56,31874,31876],{"className":58,"code":31875,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31877,31878,31910],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,31879,31880,31882,31884,31886,31888,31890,31892,31894,31896,31898,31900,31902,31904,31906,31908],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,31881,218],{"class":79},[65,31883,203],{"class":83},[65,31885,369],{"class":87},[65,31887,203],{"class":83},[65,31889,93],{"class":79},[65,31891,233],{"class":83},[65,31893,542],{"class":87},[65,31895,203],{"class":83},[65,31897,100],{"class":79},[65,31899,233],{"class":83},[65,31901,387],{"class":87},[65,31903,203],{"class":83},[65,31905,93],{"class":79},[65,31907,7940],{"class":96},[65,31909,130],{"class":79},[65,31911,31912,31914,31916,31918,31920,31922,31924,31926,31928,31930,31932,31934,31936,31938,31940,31942,31944,31946,31948,31950,31952,31954,31956],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,31913,218],{"class":79},[65,31915,203],{"class":83},[65,31917,369],{"class":87},[65,31919,203],{"class":83},[65,31921,93],{"class":79},[65,31923,233],{"class":83},[65,31925,542],{"class":87},[65,31927,203],{"class":83},[65,31929,100],{"class":79},[65,31931,233],{"class":83},[65,31933,387],{"class":87},[65,31935,203],{"class":83},[65,31937,93],{"class":79},[65,31939,30387],{"class":96},[65,31941,100],{"class":79},[65,31943,233],{"class":83},[65,31945,10553],{"class":87},[65,31947,203],{"class":83},[65,31949,93],{"class":79},[65,31951,233],{"class":83},[65,31953,16153],{"class":87},[65,31955,203],{"class":83},[65,31957,130],{"class":79},[20,31959,31960,31961,144],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[88,31962,16718],{"href":2061},[51,31964,1766],{"id":1765},[20,31966,10892,31967,93],{},[15,31968,15080],{},[30,31970,31971,31978,31982,31985,31988],{},[33,31972,12728,31973,31975,31976],{},[15,31974,15080],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31977,3930],{},[33,31979,1792,31980,12736],{},[15,31981,15080],{},[33,31983,31984],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[33,31986,31987],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[33,31989,31990],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31992,31993],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[56,31995,31997],{"className":58,"code":31996,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31998,31999,32009,32023,32037,32059],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32000,32001,32003,32005,32007],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32002,165],{"class":164},[65,32004,168],{"class":79},[65,32006,1852],{"class":147},[65,32008,174],{"class":79},[65,32010,32011,32013,32015,32017,32019,32021],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,32012,165],{"class":164},[65,32014,168],{"class":79},[65,32016,3370],{"class":1368},[65,32018,168],{"class":79},[65,32020,184],{"class":147},[65,32022,1870],{"class":79},[65,32024,32025,32027,32029,32031,32033,32035],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,32026,165],{"class":164},[65,32028,168],{"class":79},[65,32030,8244],{"class":1368},[65,32032,168],{"class":79},[65,32034,184],{"class":147},[65,32036,1870],{"class":79},[65,32038,32039,32041,32043,32045,32047,32049,32051,32053,32055,32057],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,32040,165],{"class":164},[65,32042,168],{"class":79},[65,32044,1852],{"class":147},[65,32046,144],{"class":79},[65,32048,19865],{"class":147},[65,32050,168],{"class":79},[65,32052,203],{"class":83},[65,32054,487],{"class":87},[65,32056,203],{"class":83},[65,32058,1870],{"class":79},[65,32060,32061,32064,32066,32068,32070,32072],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,32062,32063],{"class":164},"help",[65,32065,168],{"class":79},[65,32067,8972],{"class":1368},[65,32069,144],{"class":79},[65,32071,30374],{"class":24857},[65,32073,174],{"class":79},[20,32075,32076],{},"These can help you check:",[30,32078,32079,32082,32087,32090,32093],{},[33,32080,32081],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[33,32083,32084,32085],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32086,15080],{},[33,32088,32089],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[33,32091,32092],{},"Whether a key exists",[33,32094,32095],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32097,32098,32099,144],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[88,32100,11407],{"href":11219},[51,32102,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,32104,1966,32106,32108],{"id":32105},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32107,15080],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32110,32111,32112,144],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32113,3930],{},[1059,32115,1966,32117,32119],{"id":32116},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32118,15080],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32121,32122],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1059,32124,5320,32126,32128],{"id":32125},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32127,15080],{}," add new keys?",[20,32130,32131],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1059,32133,28432,32135,32137],{"id":32134},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32136,15080],{}," with a list?",[20,32139,32140,32141,144],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32142,11240],{},[1059,32144,5330,32146,32148],{"id":32145},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32147,15080],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32150,32151,32152,32154],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32153,15080],{}," can change many keys at once.",[51,32156,2015],{"id":2014},[30,32158,32159,32163,32167,32172,32176],{},[33,32160,32161],{},[88,32162,26202],{"href":9536},[33,32164,32165],{},[88,32166,11396],{"href":10875},[33,32168,32169],{},[88,32170,32171],{"href":30996},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[33,32173,32174],{},[88,32175,2062],{"href":2061},[33,32177,32178],{},[88,32179,11407],{"href":11219},[2071,32181,32182],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":32184},[32185,32186,32188,32189,32191,32193,32194,32195,32197,32198,32210],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":30429,"depth":133,"text":32187},"What update() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":30789,"depth":133,"text":32190},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31000,"depth":133,"text":32192},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31241,"depth":133,"text":31242},{"id":17532,"depth":133,"text":17533},{"id":31724,"depth":133,"text":32196},"When to use update()",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":32199},[32200,32202,32204,32206,32208],{"id":32105,"depth":154,"text":32201},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32116,"depth":154,"text":32203},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32125,"depth":154,"text":32205},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32134,"depth":154,"text":32207},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32145,"depth":154,"text":32209},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30307,"description":32211},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32217,"title":32218,"body":32219,"description":34208,"extension":2111,"meta":34209,"navigation":157,"path":23002,"seo":34210,"stem":34211,"__hash__":34212},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32220,"toc":34171},[32221,32226,32233,32236,32238,32337,32339,32394,32399,32404,32418,32423,32425,32440,32442,32456,32469,32474,32480,32487,32489,32596,32598,32647,32653,32728,32730,32751,32753,32756,32861,32863,32918,32920,32948,32952,32957,33036,33038,33058,33060,33071,33081,33085,33090,33194,33196,33221,33224,33235,33240,33249,33252,33269,33271,33358,33360,33423,33425,33448,33450,33455,33461,33466,33468,33507,33513,33516,33535,33546,33552,33555,33628,33630,33649,33654,33657,33680,33686,33689,33753,33756,33833,33840,33843,33902,33908,33910,33929,33933,33936,33987,33990,34010,34012,34073,34075,34080,34085,34090,34095,34100,34105,34111,34114,34123,34131,34133,34168],[10,32222,13,32224,18],{"id":32223},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32225,1041],{},[20,32227,32228,32229,32232],{},"The Python ",[15,32230,32231],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32234,32235],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[51,32237,54],{"id":53},[56,32239,32241],{"className":58,"code":32240,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32242,32243,32295,32309,32313,32323],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32244,32245,32247,32249,32251,32253,32255,32257,32259,32261,32263,32265,32267,32269,32271,32273,32275,32277,32279,32281,32283,32285,32287,32289,32291,32293],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32246,12994],{"class":71},[65,32248,76],{"class":75},[65,32250,80],{"class":79},[65,32252,84],{"class":83},[65,32254,369],{"class":87},[65,32256,84],{"class":83},[65,32258,93],{"class":79},[65,32260,103],{"class":83},[65,32262,542],{"class":87},[65,32264,84],{"class":83},[65,32266,100],{"class":79},[65,32268,103],{"class":83},[65,32270,387],{"class":87},[65,32272,84],{"class":83},[65,32274,93],{"class":79},[65,32276,7940],{"class":96},[65,32278,100],{"class":79},[65,32280,103],{"class":83},[65,32282,10553],{"class":87},[65,32284,84],{"class":83},[65,32286,93],{"class":79},[65,32288,103],{"class":83},[65,32290,16153],{"class":87},[65,32292,84],{"class":83},[65,32294,130],{"class":79},[65,32296,32297,32299,32301,32303,32305,32307],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,32298,3975],{"class":71},[65,32300,76],{"class":75},[65,32302,13036],{"class":71},[65,32304,144],{"class":79},[65,32306,5510],{"class":147},[65,32308,151],{"class":79},[65,32310,32311],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,32312,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,32314,32315,32317,32319,32321],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,32316,165],{"class":164},[65,32318,168],{"class":79},[65,32320,5510],{"class":147},[65,32322,174],{"class":79},[65,32324,32325,32327,32329,32331,32333,32335],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,32326,165],{"class":164},[65,32328,168],{"class":79},[65,32330,8244],{"class":1368},[65,32332,168],{"class":79},[65,32334,5510],{"class":147},[65,32336,1870],{"class":79},[20,32338,191],{},[56,32340,32342],{"className":58,"code":32341,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32343,32344,32370],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32345,32346,32348,32350,32352,32354,32356,32358,32360,32362,32364,32366,32368],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32347,17158],{"class":147},[65,32349,3132],{"class":79},[65,32351,203],{"class":83},[65,32353,542],{"class":87},[65,32355,203],{"class":83},[65,32357,100],{"class":79},[65,32359,7940],{"class":96},[65,32361,100],{"class":79},[65,32363,233],{"class":83},[65,32365,16153],{"class":87},[65,32367,203],{"class":83},[65,32369,4042],{"class":79},[65,32371,32372,32374,32376,32378,32380,32382,32384,32386,32388,32390,32392],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,32373,4054],{"class":79},[65,32375,203],{"class":83},[65,32377,542],{"class":87},[65,32379,203],{"class":83},[65,32381,100],{"class":79},[65,32383,7940],{"class":96},[65,32385,100],{"class":79},[65,32387,233],{"class":83},[65,32389,16153],{"class":87},[65,32391,203],{"class":83},[65,32393,3786],{"class":79},[20,32395,32396,32398],{},[15,32397,1041],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[51,32400,252,32402,255],{"id":32401},"what-values-does",[15,32403,1041],{},[30,32405,32406,32409,32412,32415],{},[33,32407,32408],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[33,32410,32411],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[33,32413,32414],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[33,32416,32417],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32419,32420,32421,144],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[88,32422,9537],{"href":9536},[51,32424,283],{"id":282},[56,32426,32428],{"className":58,"code":32427,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32429,32430],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32431,32432,32434,32436,32438],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32433,1852],{"class":71},[65,32435,144],{"class":79},[65,32437,5510],{"class":147},[65,32439,151],{"class":79},[20,32441,13182],{},[30,32443,32444,32448,32451],{},[33,32445,32446,11606],{},[15,32447,1041],{},[33,32449,32450],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[33,32452,32453,32454],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32455,1041],{},[20,32457,32458,32459,1048,32464,144],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[88,32460,32461,32463],{"href":1031},[15,32462,1034],{}," for dictionary keys",[88,32465,32466,32468],{"href":1024},[15,32467,1027],{}," for key-value pairs",[51,32470,252,32472,11842],{"id":32471},"what-values-returns",[15,32473,1041],{},[20,32475,32476,1832,32478,24871],{},[15,32477,1041],{},[15,32479,17158],{},[20,32481,32482,32483,32486],{},"This object is a ",[46,32484,32485],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32488,350],{},[56,32490,32492],{"className":58,"code":32491,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32493,32494,32530,32534,32549,32560,32564,32586],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32495,32496,32498,32500,32502,32504,32506,32508,32510,32512,32514,32516,32518,32520,32522,32524,32526,32528],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32497,360],{"class":71},[65,32499,76],{"class":75},[65,32501,80],{"class":79},[65,32503,84],{"class":83},[65,32505,369],{"class":87},[65,32507,84],{"class":83},[65,32509,93],{"class":79},[65,32511,103],{"class":83},[65,32513,8072],{"class":87},[65,32515,84],{"class":83},[65,32517,100],{"class":79},[65,32519,103],{"class":83},[65,32521,387],{"class":87},[65,32523,84],{"class":83},[65,32525,93],{"class":79},[65,32527,394],{"class":96},[65,32529,130],{"class":79},[65,32531,32532],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,32533,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,32535,32536,32539,32541,32543,32545,32547],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,32537,32538],{"class":71},"values_view ",[65,32540,76],{"class":75},[65,32542,406],{"class":71},[65,32544,144],{"class":79},[65,32546,5510],{"class":147},[65,32548,151],{"class":79},[65,32550,32551,32553,32555,32558],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,32552,165],{"class":164},[65,32554,168],{"class":79},[65,32556,32557],{"class":147},"values_view",[65,32559,174],{"class":79},[65,32561,32562],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,32563,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,32565,32566,32568,32570,32572,32574,32576,32578,32580,32582,32584],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,32567,17421],{"class":71},[65,32569,4054],{"class":79},[65,32571,84],{"class":83},[65,32573,10553],{"class":87},[65,32575,84],{"class":83},[65,32577,13402],{"class":79},[65,32579,13405],{"class":75},[65,32581,103],{"class":83},[65,32583,30553],{"class":87},[65,32585,1650],{"class":83},[65,32587,32588,32590,32592,32594],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,32589,165],{"class":164},[65,32591,168],{"class":79},[65,32593,32557],{"class":147},[65,32595,174],{"class":79},[20,32597,191],{},[56,32599,32601],{"className":58,"code":32600,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32602,32603,32621],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32604,32605,32607,32609,32611,32613,32615,32617,32619],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32606,17158],{"class":147},[65,32608,3132],{"class":79},[65,32610,203],{"class":83},[65,32612,8072],{"class":87},[65,32614,203],{"class":83},[65,32616,100],{"class":79},[65,32618,394],{"class":96},[65,32620,4042],{"class":79},[65,32622,32623,32625,32627,32629,32631,32633,32635,32637,32639,32641,32643,32645],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,32624,17158],{"class":147},[65,32626,3132],{"class":79},[65,32628,203],{"class":83},[65,32630,8072],{"class":87},[65,32632,203],{"class":83},[65,32634,100],{"class":79},[65,32636,394],{"class":96},[65,32638,100],{"class":79},[65,32640,233],{"class":83},[65,32642,30553],{"class":87},[65,32644,203],{"class":83},[65,32646,4042],{"class":79},[20,32648,32649,32650,144],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32651,32652],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[56,32654,32656],{"className":58,"code":32655,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32657,32658,32694,32713,32717],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32659,32660,32662,32664,32666,32668,32670,32672,32674,32676,32678,32680,32682,32684,32686,32688,32690,32692],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32661,360],{"class":71},[65,32663,76],{"class":75},[65,32665,80],{"class":79},[65,32667,84],{"class":83},[65,32669,369],{"class":87},[65,32671,84],{"class":83},[65,32673,93],{"class":79},[65,32675,103],{"class":83},[65,32677,8072],{"class":87},[65,32679,84],{"class":83},[65,32681,100],{"class":79},[65,32683,103],{"class":83},[65,32685,387],{"class":87},[65,32687,84],{"class":83},[65,32689,93],{"class":79},[65,32691,394],{"class":96},[65,32693,130],{"class":79},[65,32695,32696,32699,32701,32703,32705,32707,32709,32711],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,32697,32698],{"class":71},"values_list ",[65,32700,76],{"class":75},[65,32702,22667],{"class":1368},[65,32704,168],{"class":79},[65,32706,17421],{"class":147},[65,32708,144],{"class":79},[65,32710,5510],{"class":147},[65,32712,980],{"class":79},[65,32714,32715],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,32716,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,32718,32719,32721,32723,32726],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,32720,165],{"class":164},[65,32722,168],{"class":79},[65,32724,32725],{"class":147},"values_list",[65,32727,174],{"class":79},[20,32729,191],{},[56,32731,32733],{"className":58,"code":32732,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32734,32735],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32736,32737,32739,32741,32743,32745,32747,32749],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32738,4054],{"class":79},[65,32740,203],{"class":83},[65,32742,8072],{"class":87},[65,32744,203],{"class":83},[65,32746,100],{"class":79},[65,32748,394],{"class":96},[65,32750,3786],{"class":79},[51,32752,506],{"id":505},[20,32754,32755],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[56,32757,32759],{"className":58,"code":32758,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32760,32761,32815,32819,32833,32837,32847],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32762,32763,32765,32767,32769,32771,32773,32775,32777,32779,32781,32783,32785,32787,32789,32791,32793,32796,32798,32800,32803,32805,32807,32809,32811,32813],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32764,24903],{"class":71},[65,32766,76],{"class":75},[65,32768,80],{"class":79},[65,32770,84],{"class":83},[65,32772,24912],{"class":87},[65,32774,84],{"class":83},[65,32776,93],{"class":79},[65,32778,103],{"class":83},[65,32780,24921],{"class":87},[65,32782,84],{"class":83},[65,32784,100],{"class":79},[65,32786,103],{"class":83},[65,32788,24930],{"class":87},[65,32790,84],{"class":83},[65,32792,93],{"class":79},[65,32794,32795],{"class":96}," 2022",[65,32797,100],{"class":79},[65,32799,103],{"class":83},[65,32801,32802],{"class":87},"color",[65,32804,84],{"class":83},[65,32806,93],{"class":79},[65,32808,103],{"class":83},[65,32810,13240],{"class":87},[65,32812,84],{"class":83},[65,32814,130],{"class":79},[65,32816,32817],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,32818,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,32820,32821,32823,32825,32827,32829,32831],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,32822,401],{"class":71},[65,32824,76],{"class":75},[65,32826,24952],{"class":71},[65,32828,144],{"class":79},[65,32830,5510],{"class":147},[65,32832,151],{"class":79},[65,32834,32835],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,32836,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,32838,32839,32841,32843,32845],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,32840,165],{"class":164},[65,32842,168],{"class":79},[65,32844,425],{"class":147},[65,32846,174],{"class":79},[65,32848,32849,32851,32853,32855,32857,32859],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,32850,165],{"class":164},[65,32852,168],{"class":79},[65,32854,8244],{"class":1368},[65,32856,168],{"class":79},[65,32858,425],{"class":147},[65,32860,1870],{"class":79},[20,32862,191],{},[56,32864,32866],{"className":58,"code":32865,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32867,32868,32894],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32869,32870,32872,32874,32876,32878,32880,32882,32884,32886,32888,32890,32892],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32871,17158],{"class":147},[65,32873,3132],{"class":79},[65,32875,203],{"class":83},[65,32877,24921],{"class":87},[65,32879,203],{"class":83},[65,32881,100],{"class":79},[65,32883,32795],{"class":96},[65,32885,100],{"class":79},[65,32887,233],{"class":83},[65,32889,13240],{"class":87},[65,32891,203],{"class":83},[65,32893,4042],{"class":79},[65,32895,32896,32898,32900,32902,32904,32906,32908,32910,32912,32914,32916],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,32897,4054],{"class":79},[65,32899,203],{"class":83},[65,32901,24921],{"class":87},[65,32903,203],{"class":83},[65,32905,100],{"class":79},[65,32907,32795],{"class":96},[65,32909,100],{"class":79},[65,32911,233],{"class":83},[65,32913,13240],{"class":87},[65,32915,203],{"class":83},[65,32917,3786],{"class":79},[20,32919,11820],{},[30,32921,32922,32928,32934,32942],{},[33,32923,32924,32927],{},[15,32925,32926],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[33,32929,32930,32933],{},[15,32931,32932],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[33,32935,32936,32939,32940,24724],{},[15,32937,32938],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32941,17158],{},[33,32943,32944,32947],{},[15,32945,32946],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[51,32949,32951],{"id":32950},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32953,32954,32955,26171],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32956,6110],{},[56,32958,32960],{"className":58,"code":32959,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32961,32962,33006,33010,33026],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,32963,32964,32966,32968,32970,32972,32974,32976,32978,32980,32982,32984,32986,32988,32990,32992,32994,32996,32998,33000,33002,33004],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,32965,519],{"class":71},[65,32967,76],{"class":75},[65,32969,80],{"class":79},[65,32971,84],{"class":83},[65,32973,18532],{"class":87},[65,32975,84],{"class":83},[65,32977,93],{"class":79},[65,32979,20013],{"class":96},[65,32981,100],{"class":79},[65,32983,103],{"class":83},[65,32985,31063],{"class":87},[65,32987,84],{"class":83},[65,32989,93],{"class":79},[65,32991,13636],{"class":96},[65,32993,100],{"class":79},[65,32995,103],{"class":83},[65,32997,18541],{"class":87},[65,32999,84],{"class":83},[65,33001,93],{"class":79},[65,33003,563],{"class":96},[65,33005,130],{"class":79},[65,33007,33008],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,33009,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,33011,33012,33014,33016,33018,33020,33022,33024],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,33013,6110],{"class":1405},[65,33015,492],{"class":71},[65,33017,4036],{"class":1405},[65,33019,579],{"class":71},[65,33021,144],{"class":79},[65,33023,5510],{"class":147},[65,33025,21708],{"class":79},[65,33027,33028,33030,33032,33034],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,33029,1431],{"class":164},[65,33031,168],{"class":79},[65,33033,1714],{"class":147},[65,33035,174],{"class":79},[20,33037,191],{},[56,33039,33041],{"className":58,"code":33040,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33042,33043,33048,33053],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33044,33045],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33046,33047],{"class":96},"90\n",[65,33049,33050],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,33051,33052],{"class":96},"85\n",[65,33054,33055],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,33056,33057],{"class":96},"88\n",[20,33059,17825],{},[30,33061,33062,33065,33068],{},[33,33063,33064],{},"You only need the values",[33,33066,33067],{},"You do not care about the keys",[33,33069,33070],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33072,33073,33074,3024,33078,144],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[88,33075,10881,33076,10885],{"href":1024},[15,33077,1027],{},[88,33079,22582],{"href":33080},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[51,33082,33084],{"id":33083},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33086,1309,33087,33089],{},[15,33088,32652],{}," when you need a list.",[56,33091,33093],{"className":58,"code":33092,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33094,33095,33141,33145,33165,33169,33180],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33096,33097,33100,33102,33104,33106,33108,33110,33112,33114,33116,33118,33120,33122,33124,33126,33128,33130,33133,33135,33137,33139],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33098,33099],{"class":71},"fruit_prices ",[65,33101,76],{"class":75},[65,33103,80],{"class":79},[65,33105,84],{"class":83},[65,33107,4234],{"class":87},[65,33109,84],{"class":83},[65,33111,93],{"class":79},[65,33113,113],{"class":96},[65,33115,100],{"class":79},[65,33117,103],{"class":83},[65,33119,4243],{"class":87},[65,33121,84],{"class":83},[65,33123,93],{"class":79},[65,33125,97],{"class":96},[65,33127,100],{"class":79},[65,33129,103],{"class":83},[65,33131,33132],{"class":87},"orange",[65,33134,84],{"class":83},[65,33136,93],{"class":79},[65,33138,127],{"class":96},[65,33140,130],{"class":79},[65,33142,33143],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,33144,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,33146,33147,33150,33152,33154,33156,33159,33161,33163],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,33148,33149],{"class":71},"price_list ",[65,33151,76],{"class":75},[65,33153,22667],{"class":1368},[65,33155,168],{"class":79},[65,33157,33158],{"class":147},"fruit_prices",[65,33160,144],{"class":79},[65,33162,5510],{"class":147},[65,33164,980],{"class":79},[65,33166,33167],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,33168,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,33170,33171,33173,33175,33178],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,33172,165],{"class":164},[65,33174,168],{"class":79},[65,33176,33177],{"class":147},"price_list",[65,33179,174],{"class":79},[65,33181,33182,33184,33186,33188,33190,33192],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,33183,165],{"class":164},[65,33185,168],{"class":79},[65,33187,33177],{"class":147},[65,33189,4054],{"class":79},[65,33191,2267],{"class":96},[65,33193,4042],{"class":79},[20,33195,191],{},[56,33197,33199],{"className":58,"code":33198,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33200,33201,33217],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33202,33203,33205,33207,33209,33211,33213,33215],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33204,4054],{"class":79},[65,33206,2204],{"class":96},[65,33208,100],{"class":79},[65,33210,97],{"class":96},[65,33212,100],{"class":79},[65,33214,127],{"class":96},[65,33216,3786],{"class":79},[65,33218,33219],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,33220,17177],{"class":96},[20,33222,33223],{},"This is helpful for:",[30,33225,33226,33229,33232],{},[33,33227,33228],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[33,33230,33231],{},"Accessing values by index",[33,33233,33234],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33236,4079,33237,33239],{},[15,33238,17158],{}," is not the same as a list.",[51,33241,33243,10729,33245,10729,33247],{"id":33242},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33244,1041],{},[15,33246,1034],{},[15,33248,1027],{},[20,33250,33251],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[30,33253,33254,33259,33264],{},[33,33255,33256,33258],{},[15,33257,1041],{}," returns only the values",[33,33260,33261,33263],{},[15,33262,1034],{}," returns only the keys",[33,33265,33266,33268],{},[15,33267,1027],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33270,2273],{},[56,33272,33274],{"className":58,"code":33273,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33275,33276,33312,33316,33330,33344],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33277,33278,33280,33282,33284,33286,33288,33290,33292,33294,33296,33298,33300,33302,33304,33306,33308,33310],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33279,12994],{"class":71},[65,33281,76],{"class":75},[65,33283,80],{"class":79},[65,33285,84],{"class":83},[65,33287,369],{"class":87},[65,33289,84],{"class":83},[65,33291,93],{"class":79},[65,33293,103],{"class":83},[65,33295,542],{"class":87},[65,33297,84],{"class":83},[65,33299,100],{"class":79},[65,33301,103],{"class":83},[65,33303,387],{"class":87},[65,33305,84],{"class":83},[65,33307,93],{"class":79},[65,33309,7940],{"class":96},[65,33311,130],{"class":79},[65,33313,33314],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,33315,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,33317,33318,33320,33322,33324,33326,33328],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,33319,165],{"class":164},[65,33321,168],{"class":79},[65,33323,13755],{"class":147},[65,33325,144],{"class":79},[65,33327,17044],{"class":147},[65,33329,980],{"class":79},[65,33331,33332,33334,33336,33338,33340,33342],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,33333,165],{"class":164},[65,33335,168],{"class":79},[65,33337,13755],{"class":147},[65,33339,144],{"class":79},[65,33341,5510],{"class":147},[65,33343,980],{"class":79},[65,33345,33346,33348,33350,33352,33354,33356],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,33347,165],{"class":164},[65,33349,168],{"class":79},[65,33351,13755],{"class":147},[65,33353,144],{"class":79},[65,33355,7960],{"class":147},[65,33357,980],{"class":79},[20,33359,191],{},[56,33361,33363],{"className":58,"code":33362,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33364,33365,33387,33405],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33366,33367,33369,33371,33373,33375,33377,33379,33381,33383,33385],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33368,17135],{"class":147},[65,33370,3132],{"class":79},[65,33372,203],{"class":83},[65,33374,369],{"class":87},[65,33376,203],{"class":83},[65,33378,100],{"class":79},[65,33380,233],{"class":83},[65,33382,387],{"class":87},[65,33384,203],{"class":83},[65,33386,4042],{"class":79},[65,33388,33389,33391,33393,33395,33397,33399,33401,33403],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,33390,17158],{"class":147},[65,33392,3132],{"class":79},[65,33394,203],{"class":83},[65,33396,542],{"class":87},[65,33398,203],{"class":83},[65,33400,100],{"class":79},[65,33402,7940],{"class":96},[65,33404,4042],{"class":79},[65,33406,33407,33409,33411,33413,33415,33417,33419,33421],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,33408,22020],{"class":147},[65,33410,9803],{"class":79},[65,33412,203],{"class":83},[65,33414,369],{"class":87},[65,33416,203],{"class":83},[65,33418,100],{"class":79},[65,33420,7940],{"class":96},[65,33422,10823],{"class":79},[20,33424,18810],{},[30,33426,33427,33434,33441],{},[33,33428,33429,33433],{},[88,33430,33431],{"href":1031},[15,33432,1034],{}," when you need just the keys",[33,33435,33436,33440],{},[88,33437,33438],{"href":1038},[15,33439,1041],{}," when you need just the values",[33,33442,33443,33447],{},[88,33444,33445],{"href":1024},[15,33446,1027],{}," when you need both",[51,33449,4675],{"id":4674},[20,33451,33452,33453,144],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33454,1041],{},[1059,33456,1326,33458,33460],{"id":33457},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33459,1041],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33462,33463,33465],{},[15,33464,1041],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33467,16764],{},[56,33469,33471],{"className":58,"code":33470,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33472,33473,33493],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33474,33475,33477,33479,33481,33483,33485,33487,33489,33491],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33476,8459],{"class":71},[65,33478,76],{"class":75},[65,33480,3773],{"class":79},[65,33482,3135],{"class":96},[65,33484,100],{"class":79},[65,33486,113],{"class":96},[65,33488,100],{"class":79},[65,33490,127],{"class":96},[65,33492,3786],{"class":79},[65,33494,33495,33497,33499,33501,33503,33505],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,33496,165],{"class":164},[65,33498,168],{"class":79},[65,33500,8490],{"class":147},[65,33502,144],{"class":79},[65,33504,5510],{"class":147},[65,33506,980],{"class":79},[20,33508,33509,33510,33512],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33511,1041],{}," method.",[20,33514,33515],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[56,33517,33519],{"className":58,"code":33518,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33520,33521],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33522,33523,33525,33527,33529,33531,33533],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33524,165],{"class":164},[65,33526,168],{"class":79},[65,33528,3370],{"class":1368},[65,33530,168],{"class":79},[65,33532,8490],{"class":147},[65,33534,1870],{"class":79},[20,33536,33537,33538,33540,33541,144],{},"If you get an ",[15,33539,25779],{},", see ",[88,33542,1546,33543,33545],{"href":25786},[15,33544,25789],{}," errors",[1059,33547,4736,33549,33551],{"id":33548},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33550,1041],{}," returns a list",[20,33553,33554],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[56,33556,33558],{"className":58,"code":33557,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33559,33560,33596,33610,33614],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33561,33562,33564,33566,33568,33570,33572,33574,33576,33578,33580,33582,33584,33586,33588,33590,33592,33594],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33563,12994],{"class":71},[65,33565,76],{"class":75},[65,33567,80],{"class":79},[65,33569,84],{"class":83},[65,33571,369],{"class":87},[65,33573,84],{"class":83},[65,33575,93],{"class":79},[65,33577,103],{"class":83},[65,33579,542],{"class":87},[65,33581,84],{"class":83},[65,33583,100],{"class":79},[65,33585,103],{"class":83},[65,33587,387],{"class":87},[65,33589,84],{"class":83},[65,33591,93],{"class":79},[65,33593,7940],{"class":96},[65,33595,130],{"class":79},[65,33597,33598,33600,33602,33604,33606,33608],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,33599,3975],{"class":71},[65,33601,76],{"class":75},[65,33603,13036],{"class":71},[65,33605,144],{"class":79},[65,33607,5510],{"class":147},[65,33609,151],{"class":79},[65,33611,33612],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,33613,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,33615,33616,33618,33620,33622,33624,33626],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,33617,165],{"class":164},[65,33619,168],{"class":79},[65,33621,3370],{"class":1368},[65,33623,168],{"class":79},[65,33625,5510],{"class":147},[65,33627,1870],{"class":79},[20,33629,191],{},[56,33631,33633],{"className":58,"code":33632,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33634,33635],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33636,33637,33639,33641,33643,33645,33647],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33638,3439],{"class":75},[65,33640,3442],{"class":1696},[65,33642,233],{"class":83},[65,33644,17158],{"class":87},[65,33646,203],{"class":83},[65,33648,3451],{"class":75},[20,33650,5298,33651,33653],{},[15,33652,17158],{},", not a list.",[20,33655,33656],{},"If you need a list:",[56,33658,33660],{"className":58,"code":33659,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33661,33662],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33663,33664,33666,33668,33670,33672,33674,33676,33678],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33665,3975],{"class":71},[65,33667,76],{"class":75},[65,33669,22667],{"class":1368},[65,33671,168],{"class":79},[65,33673,13755],{"class":147},[65,33675,144],{"class":79},[65,33677,5510],{"class":147},[65,33679,980],{"class":79},[1059,33681,33683,33684],{"id":33682},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33685,17158],{},[20,33687,33688],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[56,33690,33692],{"className":58,"code":33691,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33693,33694,33730,33744,33748],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33695,33696,33698,33700,33702,33704,33706,33708,33710,33712,33714,33716,33718,33720,33722,33724,33726,33728],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33697,12994],{"class":71},[65,33699,76],{"class":75},[65,33701,80],{"class":79},[65,33703,84],{"class":83},[65,33705,369],{"class":87},[65,33707,84],{"class":83},[65,33709,93],{"class":79},[65,33711,103],{"class":83},[65,33713,542],{"class":87},[65,33715,84],{"class":83},[65,33717,100],{"class":79},[65,33719,103],{"class":83},[65,33721,387],{"class":87},[65,33723,84],{"class":83},[65,33725,93],{"class":79},[65,33727,7940],{"class":96},[65,33729,130],{"class":79},[65,33731,33732,33734,33736,33738,33740,33742],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,33733,3975],{"class":71},[65,33735,76],{"class":75},[65,33737,13036],{"class":71},[65,33739,144],{"class":79},[65,33741,5510],{"class":147},[65,33743,151],{"class":79},[65,33745,33746],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,33747,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,33749,33750],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,33751,33752],{"class":3816},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33754,33755],{},"Convert to a list first:",[56,33757,33759],{"className":58,"code":33758,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33760,33761,33797,33815,33819],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33762,33763,33765,33767,33769,33771,33773,33775,33777,33779,33781,33783,33785,33787,33789,33791,33793,33795],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33764,12994],{"class":71},[65,33766,76],{"class":75},[65,33768,80],{"class":79},[65,33770,84],{"class":83},[65,33772,369],{"class":87},[65,33774,84],{"class":83},[65,33776,93],{"class":79},[65,33778,103],{"class":83},[65,33780,542],{"class":87},[65,33782,84],{"class":83},[65,33784,100],{"class":79},[65,33786,103],{"class":83},[65,33788,387],{"class":87},[65,33790,84],{"class":83},[65,33792,93],{"class":79},[65,33794,7940],{"class":96},[65,33796,130],{"class":79},[65,33798,33799,33801,33803,33805,33807,33809,33811,33813],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,33800,3975],{"class":71},[65,33802,76],{"class":75},[65,33804,22667],{"class":1368},[65,33806,168],{"class":79},[65,33808,13755],{"class":147},[65,33810,144],{"class":79},[65,33812,5510],{"class":147},[65,33814,980],{"class":79},[65,33816,33817],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,33818,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,33820,33821,33823,33825,33827,33829,33831],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,33822,165],{"class":164},[65,33824,168],{"class":79},[65,33826,5510],{"class":147},[65,33828,4054],{"class":79},[65,33830,2267],{"class":96},[65,33832,4042],{"class":79},[1059,33834,8569,33836,11237,33838],{"id":33835},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33837,5510],{},[15,33839,1041],{},[20,33841,33842],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[56,33844,33846],{"className":58,"code":33845,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33847,33848,33884,33888],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33849,33850,33852,33854,33856,33858,33860,33862,33864,33866,33868,33870,33872,33874,33876,33878,33880,33882],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33851,12994],{"class":71},[65,33853,76],{"class":75},[65,33855,80],{"class":79},[65,33857,84],{"class":83},[65,33859,369],{"class":87},[65,33861,84],{"class":83},[65,33863,93],{"class":79},[65,33865,103],{"class":83},[65,33867,542],{"class":87},[65,33869,84],{"class":83},[65,33871,100],{"class":79},[65,33873,103],{"class":83},[65,33875,387],{"class":87},[65,33877,84],{"class":83},[65,33879,93],{"class":79},[65,33881,7940],{"class":96},[65,33883,130],{"class":79},[65,33885,33886],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,33887,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,33889,33890,33892,33894,33896,33898,33900],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,33891,165],{"class":164},[65,33893,168],{"class":79},[65,33895,13755],{"class":147},[65,33897,144],{"class":79},[65,33899,5510],{"class":24857},[65,33901,174],{"class":79},[20,33903,33904,33907],{},[15,33905,33906],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33909,18810],{},[56,33911,33913],{"className":58,"code":33912,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33914,33915],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33916,33917,33919,33921,33923,33925,33927],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33918,165],{"class":164},[65,33920,168],{"class":79},[65,33922,13755],{"class":147},[65,33924,144],{"class":79},[65,33926,5510],{"class":147},[65,33928,980],{"class":79},[1059,33930,33932],{"id":33931},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33934,33935],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[56,33937,33939],{"className":58,"code":33938,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33940,33941,33973],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33942,33943,33945,33947,33949,33951,33953,33955,33957,33959,33961,33963,33965,33967,33969,33971],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33944,72],{"class":71},[65,33946,76],{"class":75},[65,33948,80],{"class":79},[65,33950,84],{"class":83},[65,33952,88],{"class":87},[65,33954,84],{"class":83},[65,33956,93],{"class":79},[65,33958,97],{"class":96},[65,33960,100],{"class":79},[65,33962,103],{"class":83},[65,33964,106],{"class":87},[65,33966,84],{"class":83},[65,33968,93],{"class":79},[65,33970,113],{"class":96},[65,33972,130],{"class":79},[65,33974,33975,33977,33979,33981,33983,33985],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,33976,165],{"class":164},[65,33978,168],{"class":79},[65,33980,184],{"class":147},[65,33982,144],{"class":79},[65,33984,5510],{"class":147},[65,33986,980],{"class":79},[20,33988,33989],{},"Not like this:",[56,33991,33993],{"className":58,"code":33992,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33994,33995,34000,34005],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,33996,33997],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,33998,33999],{"class":3816},"# Wrong examples:\n",[65,34001,34002],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,34003,34004],{"class":3816},"# data().values()\n",[65,34006,34007],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,34008,34009],{"class":3816},"# values(data)\n",[20,34011,3488],{},[56,34013,34015],{"className":58,"code":34014,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34016,34017,34031,34041,34055],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,34018,34019,34021,34023,34025,34027,34029],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,34020,165],{"class":164},[65,34022,168],{"class":79},[65,34024,3370],{"class":1368},[65,34026,168],{"class":79},[65,34028,1852],{"class":147},[65,34030,1870],{"class":79},[65,34032,34033,34035,34037,34039],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,34034,165],{"class":164},[65,34036,168],{"class":79},[65,34038,1852],{"class":147},[65,34040,174],{"class":79},[65,34042,34043,34045,34047,34049,34051,34053],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,34044,165],{"class":164},[65,34046,168],{"class":79},[65,34048,1852],{"class":147},[65,34050,144],{"class":79},[65,34052,5510],{"class":147},[65,34054,980],{"class":79},[65,34056,34057,34059,34061,34063,34065,34067,34069,34071],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,34058,165],{"class":164},[65,34060,168],{"class":79},[65,34062,8244],{"class":1368},[65,34064,168],{"class":79},[65,34066,1852],{"class":147},[65,34068,144],{"class":79},[65,34070,5510],{"class":147},[65,34072,6443],{"class":79},[51,34074,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,34076,1953,34078,1956],{"id":34077},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34079,32231],{},[20,34081,17536,34082,34084],{},[15,34083,17158],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1059,34086,1966,34088,24038],{"id":34087},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34089,1041],{},[20,34091,24041,34092,24045],{},[15,34093,34094],{},"list(...)",[1059,34096,26163,34098,2637],{"id":34097},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34099,32231],{},[20,34101,34102,34103,26171],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34104,6110],{},[1059,34106,1966,34108,34110],{"id":34107},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34109,32231],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34112,34113],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1059,34115,34117,34118,34120,34121,2637],{"id":34116},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34119,1041],{}," different from ",[15,34122,1027],{},[20,34124,34125,34127,34128,34130],{},[15,34126,1041],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34129,1027],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[51,34132,2015],{"id":2014},[30,34134,34135,34141,34147,34151,34157,34161],{},[33,34136,34137],{},[88,34138,10881,34139,10885],{"href":1031},[15,34140,1034],{},[33,34142,34143],{},[88,34144,10881,34145,10885],{"href":1024},[15,34146,1027],{},[33,34148,34149],{},[88,34150,11387],{"href":9536},[33,34152,34153],{},[88,34154,34156],{"href":34155},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[33,34158,34159],{},[88,34160,24123],{"href":33080},[33,34162,34163],{},[88,34164,2067,34165],{"href":25786},[15,34166,34167],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2071,34169,34170],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":34172},[34173,34174,34176,34177,34179,34180,34181,34182,34184,34195,34207],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":32401,"depth":133,"text":34175},"What values() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":32471,"depth":133,"text":34178},"What values() returns",{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506},{"id":32950,"depth":133,"text":32951},{"id":33083,"depth":133,"text":33084},{"id":33242,"depth":133,"text":34183},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675,"children":34185},[34186,34188,34190,34192,34194],{"id":33457,"depth":154,"text":34187},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33548,"depth":154,"text":34189},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33682,"depth":154,"text":34191},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33835,"depth":154,"text":34193},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33931,"depth":154,"text":33932},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":34196},[34197,34199,34201,34203,34205],{"id":34077,"depth":154,"text":34198},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34087,"depth":154,"text":34200},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34097,"depth":154,"text":34202},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34107,"depth":154,"text":34204},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34116,"depth":154,"text":34206},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32218,"description":34208},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34214,"title":34215,"body":34216,"description":35647,"extension":2111,"meta":35648,"navigation":157,"path":35649,"seo":35650,"stem":35651,"__hash__":35652},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34217,"toc":35599},[34218,34224,34229,34232,34248,34257,34259,34291,34297,34300,34395,34398,34403,34408,34411,34422,34424,34438,34444,34446,34451,34457,34460,34499,34507,34512,34515,34560,34563,34575,34581,34587,34591,34624,34627,34645,34648,34652,34691,34693,34713,34716,34728,34733,34739,34742,34797,34800,34811,34814,34825,34828,34832,34838,34840,34870,34873,34888,34891,34894,34913,34916,34932,34941,34943,34974,34980,34985,34988,34995,35026,35029,35051,35054,35057,35071,35075,35106,35121,35128,35135,35139,35147,35151,35159,35162,35211,35222,35224,35227,35233,35238,35248,35252,35255,35258,35262,35265,35267,35288,35292,35298,35309,35315,35317,35323,35347,35350,35413,35416,35444,35447,35509,35511,35516,35519,35526,35534,35541,35544,35552,35558,35560,35587,35596],[10,34219,3724,34221,3728],{"id":34220},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34222,34223],{},"dir()",[20,34225,32228,34226,34228],{},[15,34227,34223],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34230,34231],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[30,34233,34234,34237,34240,34245],{},[33,34235,34236],{},"learning Python",[33,34238,34239],{},"exploring a new object",[33,34241,34242,34243],{},"debugging an ",[15,34244,25779],{},[33,34246,34247],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34249,34250,34251,34253,34254],{},"In short, ",[15,34252,34223],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[46,34255,34256],{},"“What can I use here?”",[51,34258,54],{"id":53},[56,34260,34262],{"className":58,"code":34261,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34263,34264,34276],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,34265,34266,34268,34270,34272,34274],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,34267,8027],{"class":71},[65,34269,76],{"class":75},[65,34271,103],{"class":83},[65,34273,3998],{"class":87},[65,34275,1650],{"class":83},[65,34277,34278,34280,34282,34285,34287,34289],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,34279,165],{"class":164},[65,34281,168],{"class":79},[65,34283,34284],{"class":164},"dir",[65,34286,168],{"class":79},[65,34288,369],{"class":147},[65,34290,1870],{"class":79},[20,34292,1309,34293,34296],{},[15,34294,34295],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34298,34299],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[56,34301,34303],{"className":58,"code":34302,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34304,34305],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,34306,34307,34309,34311,34314,34316,34318,34320,34323,34325,34327,34329,34332,34334,34336,34338,34341,34343,34345,34347,34350,34352,34354,34356,34359,34361,34363,34367,34369,34371,34373,34375,34377,34379,34382,34384,34386,34388,34391,34393],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,34308,4054],{"class":79},[65,34310,203],{"class":83},[65,34312,34313],{"class":87},"__add__",[65,34315,203],{"class":83},[65,34317,100],{"class":79},[65,34319,233],{"class":83},[65,34321,34322],{"class":87},"__class__",[65,34324,203],{"class":83},[65,34326,100],{"class":79},[65,34328,233],{"class":83},[65,34330,34331],{"class":87},"__contains__",[65,34333,203],{"class":83},[65,34335,100],{"class":79},[65,34337,233],{"class":83},[65,34339,34340],{"class":87},"__delattr__",[65,34342,203],{"class":83},[65,34344,100],{"class":79},[65,34346,233],{"class":83},[65,34348,34349],{"class":87},"__dir__",[65,34351,203],{"class":83},[65,34353,100],{"class":79},[65,34355,233],{"class":83},[65,34357,34358],{"class":87},"__doc__",[65,34360,203],{"class":83},[65,34362,100],{"class":79},[65,34364,34366],{"class":34365},"s_hVV"," ...",[65,34368,100],{"class":79},[65,34370,233],{"class":83},[65,34372,8791],{"class":87},[65,34374,203],{"class":83},[65,34376,100],{"class":79},[65,34378,233],{"class":83},[65,34380,34381],{"class":87},"split",[65,34383,203],{"class":83},[65,34385,100],{"class":79},[65,34387,233],{"class":83},[65,34389,34390],{"class":87},"upper",[65,34392,203],{"class":83},[65,34394,3786],{"class":79},[20,34396,34397],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[51,34399,252,34401,255],{"id":34400},"what-dir-does",[15,34402,34223],{},[20,34404,34405,34407],{},[15,34406,34223],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34409,34410],{},"It usually includes:",[30,34412,34413,34416,34419],{},[33,34414,34415],{},"attributes",[33,34417,34418],{},"methods",[33,34420,34421],{},"special Python names",[20,34423,302],{},[30,34425,34426,34432,34435],{},[33,34427,34428,34429],{},"The result is a ",[46,34430,34431],{},"list of strings",[33,34433,34434],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[33,34436,34437],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34439,34440,34441,34443],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34442,34223],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[51,34445,283],{"id":282},[20,34447,34448,34450],{},[15,34449,34223],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1059,34452,34454,34456],{"id":34453},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34455,34223],{}," with no argument",[20,34458,34459],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[56,34461,34463],{"className":58,"code":34462,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34464,34465,34473,34485,34489],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,34466,34467,34469,34471],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,34468,3172],{"class":71},[65,34470,76],{"class":75},[65,34472,2733],{"class":96},[65,34474,34475,34477,34479,34481,34483],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,34476,8027],{"class":71},[65,34478,76],{"class":75},[65,34480,103],{"class":83},[65,34482,7826],{"class":87},[65,34484,1650],{"class":83},[65,34486,34487],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,34488,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,34490,34491,34493,34495,34497],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,34492,165],{"class":164},[65,34494,168],{"class":79},[65,34496,34284],{"class":164},[65,34498,980],{"class":79},[20,34500,34501,34502,1048,34504,34506],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34503,931],{},[15,34505,369],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1059,34508,34510],{"id":34509},"dirobject",[15,34511,34295],{},[20,34513,34514],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[56,34516,34518],{"className":58,"code":34517,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34519,34520,34538],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,34521,34522,34524,34526,34528,34530,34532,34534,34536],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,34523,165],{"class":164},[65,34525,168],{"class":79},[65,34527,34284],{"class":164},[65,34529,168],{"class":79},[65,34531,84],{"class":83},[65,34533,3998],{"class":87},[65,34535,84],{"class":83},[65,34537,1870],{"class":79},[65,34539,34540,34542,34544,34546,34548,34550,34552,34554,34556,34558],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,34541,165],{"class":164},[65,34543,168],{"class":79},[65,34545,34284],{"class":164},[65,34547,3132],{"class":79},[65,34549,3135],{"class":96},[65,34551,100],{"class":79},[65,34553,113],{"class":96},[65,34555,100],{"class":79},[65,34557,127],{"class":96},[65,34559,3146],{"class":79},[20,34561,34562],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[30,34564,34565,34567,34569,34572],{},[33,34566,5460],{},[33,34568,5451],{},[33,34570,34571],{},"modules",[33,34573,34574],{},"custom objects",[51,34576,8569,34578,34580],{"id":34577},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34579,34223],{}," with a value",[20,34582,34583,34584,34586],{},"A common use of ",[15,34585,34223],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1059,34588,34590],{"id":34589},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[56,34592,34594],{"className":58,"code":34593,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34595,34596,34609],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,34597,34598,34601,34603,34605,34607],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,34599,34600],{"class":71},"text ",[65,34602,76],{"class":75},[65,34604,103],{"class":83},[65,34606,3998],{"class":87},[65,34608,1650],{"class":83},[65,34610,34611,34613,34615,34617,34619,34622],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,34612,165],{"class":164},[65,34614,168],{"class":79},[65,34616,34284],{"class":164},[65,34618,168],{"class":79},[65,34620,34621],{"class":147},"text",[65,34623,1870],{"class":79},[20,34625,34626],{},"You will see method names like:",[30,34628,34629,34633,34637,34641],{},[33,34630,34631],{},[15,34632,8791],{},[33,34634,34635],{},[15,34636,34390],{},[33,34638,34639],{},[15,34640,34381],{},[33,34642,34643],{},[15,34644,8785],{},[20,34646,34647],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1059,34649,34651],{"id":34650},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[56,34653,34655],{"className":58,"code":34654,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34656,34657,34677],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,34658,34659,34661,34663,34665,34667,34669,34671,34673,34675],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,34660,3768],{"class":71},[65,34662,76],{"class":75},[65,34664,3773],{"class":79},[65,34666,3135],{"class":96},[65,34668,100],{"class":79},[65,34670,113],{"class":96},[65,34672,100],{"class":79},[65,34674,127],{"class":96},[65,34676,3786],{"class":79},[65,34678,34679,34681,34683,34685,34687,34689],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,34680,165],{"class":164},[65,34682,168],{"class":79},[65,34684,34284],{"class":164},[65,34686,168],{"class":79},[65,34688,3800],{"class":147},[65,34690,1870],{"class":79},[20,34692,34626],{},[30,34694,34695,34699,34703,34708],{},[33,34696,34697],{},[15,34698,13682],{},[33,34700,34701],{},[15,34702,1078],{},[33,34704,34705],{},[15,34706,34707],{},"remove",[33,34709,34710],{},[15,34711,34712],{},"sort",[20,34714,34715],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34717,34718,34719,34724,34725,34727],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[88,34720,34722],{"href":34721},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34723,2447],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34726,34223],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[51,34729,8569,34731,34456],{"id":34730},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34732,34223],{},[20,34734,34735,34736,34738],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34737,34223],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34740,34741],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[56,34743,34745],{"className":58,"code":34744,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34746,34747,34756,34760,34771,34783,34787],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,34748,34749,34751,34753],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,34750,3172],{"class":71},[65,34752,76],{"class":75},[65,34754,34755],{"class":96}," 5\n",[65,34757,34758],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,34759,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,34761,34762,34765,34769],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,34763,34764],{"class":1696},"def",[65,34766,34768],{"class":34767},"sGLFI"," greet",[65,34770,21708],{"class":79},[65,34772,34773,34776,34778,34781],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,34774,34775],{"class":1405},"    return",[65,34777,103],{"class":83},[65,34779,34780],{"class":87},"Hello",[65,34782,1650],{"class":83},[65,34784,34785],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,34786,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,34788,34789,34791,34793,34795],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,34790,165],{"class":164},[65,34792,168],{"class":79},[65,34794,34284],{"class":164},[65,34796,980],{"class":79},[20,34798,34799],{},"The output will include names like:",[30,34801,34802,34806],{},[33,34803,34804],{},[15,34805,931],{},[33,34807,34808],{},[15,34809,34810],{},"greet",[20,34812,34813],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[30,34815,34816,34819,34822],{},[33,34817,34818],{},"what variables exist",[33,34820,34821],{},"what functions you have defined",[33,34823,34824],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34826,34827],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[51,34829,34831],{"id":34830},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34833,34834,34835,34837],{},"When you first use ",[15,34836,34223],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34839,350],{},[56,34841,34842],{"className":58,"code":34593,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,34843,34844,34856],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,34845,34846,34848,34850,34852,34854],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,34847,34600],{"class":71},[65,34849,76],{"class":75},[65,34851,103],{"class":83},[65,34853,3998],{"class":87},[65,34855,1650],{"class":83},[65,34857,34858,34860,34862,34864,34866,34868],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,34859,165],{"class":164},[65,34861,168],{"class":79},[65,34863,34284],{"class":164},[65,34865,168],{"class":79},[65,34867,34621],{"class":147},[65,34869,1870],{"class":79},[20,34871,34872],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[30,34874,34875,34879,34883],{},[33,34876,34877],{},[15,34878,34322],{},[33,34880,34881],{},[15,34882,34358],{},[33,34884,34885],{},[15,34886,34887],{},"__len__",[20,34889,34890],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34892,34893],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[30,34895,34896,34900,34904,34908],{},[33,34897,34898],{},[15,34899,34390],{},[33,34901,34902],{},[15,34903,8791],{},[33,34905,34906],{},[15,34907,34381],{},[33,34909,34910],{},[15,34911,34912],{},"replace",[20,34914,34915],{},"A key point to remember:",[30,34917,34918,34926],{},[33,34919,34920,34922,34923],{},[15,34921,34223],{}," lists ",[46,34924,34925],{},"names only",[33,34927,34928,34929,34931],{},"it does ",[46,34930,1014],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34933,34934,34935,144],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[88,34936,34938],{"href":34937},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34939,34940],{},"help()",[20,34942,5624],{},[56,34944,34946],{"className":58,"code":34945,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34947,34948,34960],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,34949,34950,34952,34954,34956,34958],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,34951,8027],{"class":71},[65,34953,76],{"class":75},[65,34955,103],{"class":83},[65,34957,3998],{"class":87},[65,34959,1650],{"class":83},[65,34961,34962,34964,34966,34968,34970,34972],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,34963,32063],{"class":164},[65,34965,168],{"class":79},[65,34967,369],{"class":147},[65,34969,144],{"class":79},[65,34971,34390],{"class":24857},[65,34973,174],{"class":79},[51,34975,34977,34979],{"id":34976},"dir-on-modules",[15,34978,34223],{}," on modules",[20,34981,15836,34982,34984],{},[15,34983,34223],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34986,34987],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1059,34989,34991,34992,34994],{"id":34990},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34993,18532],{}," module",[56,34996,34998],{"className":58,"code":34997,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34999,35000,35008,35012],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35001,35002,35005],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35003,35004],{"class":1405},"import",[65,35006,35007],{"class":71}," math\n",[65,35009,35010],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,35011,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,35013,35014,35016,35018,35020,35022,35024],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,35015,165],{"class":164},[65,35017,168],{"class":79},[65,35019,34284],{"class":164},[65,35021,168],{"class":79},[65,35023,18532],{"class":147},[65,35025,1870],{"class":79},[20,35027,35028],{},"You may see names like:",[30,35030,35031,35036,35041,35046],{},[33,35032,35033],{},[15,35034,35035],{},"sqrt",[33,35037,35038],{},[15,35039,35040],{},"ceil",[33,35042,35043],{},[15,35044,35045],{},"floor",[33,35047,35048],{},[15,35049,35050],{},"pi",[20,35052,35053],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35055,35056],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[30,35058,35059,35065],{},[33,35060,35061],{},[88,35062,35064],{"href":35063},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[33,35066,35067],{},[88,35068,35070],{"href":35069},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1059,35072,35074],{"id":35073},"another-example","Another example",[56,35076,35078],{"className":58,"code":35077,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35079,35080,35087,35091],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35081,35082,35084],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35083,35004],{"class":1405},[65,35085,35086],{"class":71}," json\n",[65,35088,35089],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,35090,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,35092,35093,35095,35097,35099,35101,35104],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,35094,165],{"class":164},[65,35096,168],{"class":79},[65,35098,34284],{"class":164},[65,35100,168],{"class":79},[65,35102,35103],{"class":147},"json",[65,35105,1870],{"class":79},[20,35107,35108,35109,1028,35112,1028,35115,1035,35118,144],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35110,35111],{},"dump",[15,35113,35114],{},"dumps",[15,35116,35117],{},"load",[15,35119,35120],{},"loads",[51,35122,35124,10729,35126],{"id":35123},"dir-vs-help",[15,35125,34223],{},[15,35127,34940],{},[20,35129,35130,1048,35132,35134],{},[15,35131,34223],{},[15,35133,34940],{}," are often used together.",[1059,35136,35137],{"id":34284},[15,35138,34223],{},[30,35140,35141,35144],{},[33,35142,35143],{},"shows available names",[33,35145,35146],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1059,35148,35149],{"id":32063},[15,35150,34940],{},[30,35152,35153,35156],{},[33,35154,35155],{},"explains what an object or function does",[33,35157,35158],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35160,35161],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[56,35163,35165],{"className":58,"code":35164,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35166,35167,35179,35183,35197],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35168,35169,35171,35173,35175,35177],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35170,8027],{"class":71},[65,35172,76],{"class":75},[65,35174,103],{"class":83},[65,35176,3998],{"class":87},[65,35178,1650],{"class":83},[65,35180,35181],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,35182,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,35184,35185,35187,35189,35191,35193,35195],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,35186,165],{"class":164},[65,35188,168],{"class":79},[65,35190,34284],{"class":164},[65,35192,168],{"class":79},[65,35194,369],{"class":147},[65,35196,1870],{"class":79},[65,35198,35199,35201,35203,35205,35207,35209],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,35200,32063],{"class":164},[65,35202,168],{"class":79},[65,35204,369],{"class":147},[65,35206,144],{"class":79},[65,35208,34390],{"class":24857},[65,35210,174],{"class":79},[20,35212,1309,35213,35215,35216,35218,35219,35221],{},[15,35214,34223],{}," first to find a method name.",[9990,35217],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35220,34940],{}," to understand how to use it.",[51,35223,25465],{"id":25464},[20,35225,35226],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1059,35228,35230,35232],{"id":35229},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35231,34223],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35234,35235,35237],{},[15,35236,34223],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35239,35240,35241,35243,35244,35247],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35242,34390],{}," in ",[15,35245,35246],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1059,35249,35251],{"id":35250},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35253,35254],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35256,35257],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1059,35259,35261],{"id":35260},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35263,35264],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35266,5624],{},[30,35268,35269,35274,35280],{},[33,35270,35271,35273],{},[15,35272,35246],{}," shows string-related names",[33,35275,35276,35279],{},[15,35277,35278],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[33,35281,35282,35285,35286,34994],{},[15,35283,35284],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35287,18532],{},[1059,35289,35291],{"id":35290},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35293,35294,35295,35297],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35296,34223],{}," does not mean you already know:",[30,35299,35300,35303,35306],{},[33,35301,35302],{},"what it does",[33,35304,35305],{},"what arguments it needs",[33,35307,35308],{},"what it returns",[20,35310,35311,35312,35314],{},"That is why ",[15,35313,34940],{}," is the natural next step.",[51,35316,1766],{"id":1765},[20,35318,35319,35320,35322],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35321,34223],{}," in these situations:",[30,35324,35325,35328,35337,35340],{},[33,35326,35327],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[33,35329,35330,35331,35336],{},"Seeing an ",[88,35332,35334],{"href":35333},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35335,25779],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[33,35338,35339],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[33,35341,8569,35342,35344,35345],{},[15,35343,34223],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35346,34940],{},[20,35348,35349],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[56,35351,35353],{"className":58,"code":35352,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35354,35355,35367,35371,35385,35399],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35356,35357,35359,35361,35363,35365],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35358,8027],{"class":71},[65,35360,76],{"class":75},[65,35362,103],{"class":83},[65,35364,3998],{"class":87},[65,35366,1650],{"class":83},[65,35368,35369],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,35370,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,35372,35373,35375,35377,35379,35381,35383],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,35374,165],{"class":164},[65,35376,168],{"class":79},[65,35378,3370],{"class":1368},[65,35380,168],{"class":79},[65,35382,369],{"class":147},[65,35384,1870],{"class":79},[65,35386,35387,35389,35391,35393,35395,35397],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,35388,165],{"class":164},[65,35390,168],{"class":79},[65,35392,34284],{"class":164},[65,35394,168],{"class":79},[65,35396,369],{"class":147},[65,35398,1870],{"class":79},[65,35400,35401,35403,35405,35407,35409,35411],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,35402,32063],{"class":164},[65,35404,168],{"class":79},[65,35406,369],{"class":147},[65,35408,144],{"class":79},[65,35410,34390],{"class":24857},[65,35412,174],{"class":79},[20,35414,35415],{},"And for modules:",[56,35417,35418],{"className":58,"code":34997,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,35419,35420,35426,35430],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35421,35422,35424],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35423,35004],{"class":1405},[65,35425,35007],{"class":71},[65,35427,35428],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,35429,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,35431,35432,35434,35436,35438,35440,35442],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,35433,165],{"class":164},[65,35435,168],{"class":79},[65,35437,34284],{"class":164},[65,35439,168],{"class":79},[65,35441,18532],{"class":147},[65,35443,1870],{"class":79},[20,35445,35446],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[56,35448,35450],{"className":58,"code":35449,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35451,35452,35457,35469,35479,35493,35499],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35453,35454],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35455,35456],{"class":71},"python\n",[65,35458,35459,35461,35463,35465,35467],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,35460,8027],{"class":71},[65,35462,76],{"class":75},[65,35464,103],{"class":83},[65,35466,3998],{"class":87},[65,35468,1650],{"class":83},[65,35470,35471,35473,35475,35477],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,35472,34284],{"class":164},[65,35474,168],{"class":79},[65,35476,369],{"class":147},[65,35478,174],{"class":79},[65,35480,35481,35483,35485,35487,35489,35491],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,35482,32063],{"class":164},[65,35484,168],{"class":79},[65,35486,369],{"class":147},[65,35488,144],{"class":79},[65,35490,34390],{"class":24857},[65,35492,174],{"class":79},[65,35494,35495,35497],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,35496,35004],{"class":1405},[65,35498,35007],{"class":71},[65,35500,35501,35503,35505,35507],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,35502,34284],{"class":164},[65,35504,168],{"class":79},[65,35506,18532],{"class":147},[65,35508,174],{"class":79},[51,35510,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,35512,1953,35514,1956],{"id":35513},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35515,34223],{},[20,35517,35518],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1059,35520,5330,35522,1048,35524,2637],{"id":35521},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35523,34223],{},[15,35525,34940],{},[20,35527,35528,35530,35531,35533],{},[15,35529,34223],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35532,34940],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1059,35535,35537,35538,35540],{"id":35536},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35539,34223],{}," output?",[20,35542,35543],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1059,35545,5320,35547,35549,35550,2637],{"id":35546},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35548,34223],{}," help fix ",[15,35551,25779],{},[20,35553,35554,35555,144],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[88,35556,35557],{"href":35333},"object has no attribute",[51,35559,2015],{"id":2014},[30,35561,35562,35568,35573,35577,35581],{},[33,35563,35564],{},[88,35565,3724,35566,3657],{"href":34937},[15,35567,34940],{},[33,35569,35570],{},[88,35571,35572],{"href":35333},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[33,35574,35575],{},[88,35576,35064],{"href":35063},[33,35578,35579],{},[88,35580,35070],{"href":35069},[33,35582,35583],{},[88,35584,3724,35585,3657],{"href":34721},[15,35586,2447],{},[20,35588,35589,35590,35592,35593,35595],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35591,34223],{}," together with ",[15,35594,34940],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2071,35597,35598],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":35600},[35601,35602,35604,35609,35614,35616,35617,35623,35628,35635,35636,35646],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":34400,"depth":133,"text":35603},"What dir() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283,"children":35605},[35606,35608],{"id":34453,"depth":154,"text":35607},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34509,"depth":154,"text":34295},{"id":34577,"depth":133,"text":35610,"children":35611},"Using dir() with a value",[35612,35613],{"id":34589,"depth":154,"text":34590},{"id":34650,"depth":154,"text":34651},{"id":34730,"depth":133,"text":35615},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34830,"depth":133,"text":34831},{"id":34976,"depth":133,"text":35618,"children":35619},"dir() on modules",[35620,35622],{"id":34990,"depth":154,"text":35621},"Example: math module",{"id":35073,"depth":154,"text":35074},{"id":35123,"depth":133,"text":35624,"children":35625},"dir() vs help()",[35626,35627],{"id":34284,"depth":154,"text":34223},{"id":32063,"depth":154,"text":34940},{"id":25464,"depth":133,"text":25465,"children":35629},[35630,35632,35633,35634],{"id":35229,"depth":154,"text":35631},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35250,"depth":154,"text":35251},{"id":35260,"depth":154,"text":35261},{"id":35290,"depth":154,"text":35291},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":35637},[35638,35640,35642,35644],{"id":35513,"depth":154,"text":35639},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35521,"depth":154,"text":35641},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35536,"depth":154,"text":35643},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35546,"depth":154,"text":35645},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34215,"description":35647},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35654,"title":35655,"body":35656,"description":37476,"extension":2111,"meta":37477,"navigation":157,"path":37478,"seo":37479,"stem":37480,"__hash__":37481},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35657,"toc":37445},[35658,35664,35669,35672,35680,35686,35688,35768,35770,35796,35801,35806,35811,35814,35825,35828,35830,35909,35911,35937,35944,35946,35948,35973,35976,35989,35994,35996,36077,36079,36105,36114,36119,36127,36133,36140,36143,36145,36224,36227,36284,36286,36323,36329,36334,36339,36342,36356,36358,36461,36463,36506,36515,36525,36532,36538,36545,36628,36630,36653,36656,36659,36661,36665,36669,36672,36735,36758,36761,36765,36771,36773,36840,36843,36920,36925,36931,36934,36937,36983,36985,37009,37014,37018,37023,37029,37092,37095,37097,37100,37125,37128,37263,37265,37366,37368,37373,37376,37382,37392,37400,37405,37411,37417,37419,37442],[10,35659,3724,35661,3728],{"id":35660},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35662,35663],{},"enumerate()",[20,35665,35666,35668],{},[15,35667,35663],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35670,35671],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[30,35673,35674,35677],{},[33,35675,35676],{},"the item itself",[33,35678,35679],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35681,35682,35683,35685],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35684,35663],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[51,35687,54],{"id":53},[56,35689,35691],{"className":58,"code":35690,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35692,35693,35725,35729,35752],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35694,35695,35697,35699,35701,35703,35705,35707,35709,35711,35713,35715,35717,35719,35721,35723],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35696,13206],{"class":71},[65,35698,76],{"class":75},[65,35700,3773],{"class":79},[65,35702,84],{"class":83},[65,35704,13223],{"class":87},[65,35706,84],{"class":83},[65,35708,100],{"class":79},[65,35710,103],{"class":83},[65,35712,17570],{"class":87},[65,35714,84],{"class":83},[65,35716,100],{"class":79},[65,35718,103],{"class":83},[65,35720,13240],{"class":87},[65,35722,84],{"class":83},[65,35724,3786],{"class":79},[65,35726,35727],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,35728,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,35730,35731,35733,35736,35738,35741,35743,35746,35748,35750],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,35732,6110],{"class":1405},[65,35734,35735],{"class":71}," index",[65,35737,100],{"class":79},[65,35739,35740],{"class":71}," color ",[65,35742,4036],{"class":1405},[65,35744,35745],{"class":164}," enumerate",[65,35747,168],{"class":79},[65,35749,17617],{"class":147},[65,35751,8493],{"class":79},[65,35753,35754,35756,35758,35761,35763,35766],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,35755,1431],{"class":164},[65,35757,168],{"class":79},[65,35759,35760],{"class":147},"index",[65,35762,100],{"class":79},[65,35764,35765],{"class":147}," color",[65,35767,174],{"class":79},[20,35769,191],{},[56,35771,35773],{"className":58,"code":35772,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35774,35775,35782,35789],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35776,35777,35779],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35778,2267],{"class":96},[65,35780,35781],{"class":71}," red\n",[65,35783,35784,35786],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,35785,3135],{"class":96},[65,35787,35788],{"class":71}," green\n",[65,35790,35791,35793],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,35792,2204],{"class":96},[65,35794,35795],{"class":71}," blue\n",[20,35797,1309,35798,35800],{},[15,35799,35663],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[51,35802,252,35804,255],{"id":35803},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35805,35663],{},[20,35807,35808,35810],{},[15,35809,35663],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35812,35813],{},"It is commonly used with:",[30,35815,35816,35818,35820,35822],{},[33,35817,5451],{},[33,35819,5454],{},[33,35821,5460],{},[33,35823,35824],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35826,35827],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35829,350],{},[56,35831,35833],{"className":58,"code":35832,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35834,35835,35869,35873,35894],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35836,35837,35839,35841,35843,35845,35847,35849,35851,35853,35856,35858,35860,35862,35865,35867],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35838,5150],{"class":71},[65,35840,76],{"class":75},[65,35842,3773],{"class":79},[65,35844,84],{"class":83},[65,35846,542],{"class":87},[65,35848,84],{"class":83},[65,35850,100],{"class":79},[65,35852,103],{"class":83},[65,35854,35855],{"class":87},"Ben",[65,35857,84],{"class":83},[65,35859,100],{"class":79},[65,35861,103],{"class":83},[65,35863,35864],{"class":87},"Cara",[65,35866,84],{"class":83},[65,35868,3786],{"class":79},[65,35870,35871],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,35872,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,35874,35875,35877,35879,35881,35884,35886,35888,35890,35892],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,35876,6110],{"class":1405},[65,35878,35735],{"class":71},[65,35880,100],{"class":79},[65,35882,35883],{"class":71}," name ",[65,35885,4036],{"class":1405},[65,35887,35745],{"class":164},[65,35889,168],{"class":79},[65,35891,5193],{"class":147},[65,35893,8493],{"class":79},[65,35895,35896,35898,35900,35902,35904,35907],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,35897,1431],{"class":164},[65,35899,168],{"class":79},[65,35901,35760],{"class":147},[65,35903,100],{"class":79},[65,35905,35906],{"class":147}," name",[65,35908,174],{"class":79},[20,35910,191],{},[56,35912,35914],{"className":58,"code":35913,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35915,35916,35923,35930],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35917,35918,35920],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35919,2267],{"class":96},[65,35921,35922],{"class":71}," Ana\n",[65,35924,35925,35927],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,35926,3135],{"class":96},[65,35928,35929],{"class":71}," Ben\n",[65,35931,35932,35934],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,35933,2204],{"class":96},[65,35935,35936],{"class":71}," Cara\n",[20,35938,35939,35940,144],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[88,35941,35943],{"href":35942},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[51,35945,283],{"id":282},[20,35947,2307],{},[56,35949,35951],{"className":58,"code":35950,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35952,35953],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,35954,35955,35958,35960,35962,35964,35967,35969,35971],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,35956,35957],{"class":164},"enumerate",[65,35959,168],{"class":79},[65,35961,3872],{"class":147},[65,35963,100],{"class":79},[65,35965,35966],{"class":9326}," start",[65,35968,76],{"class":75},[65,35970,2267],{"class":96},[65,35972,174],{"class":79},[20,35974,35975],{},"It has two parts:",[30,35977,35978,35983],{},[33,35979,35980,35982],{},[15,35981,3872],{},": the object you want to loop through",[33,35984,35985,35988],{},[15,35986,35987],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35990,35991,35992,144],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35993,2267],{},[20,35995,350],{},[56,35997,35999],{"className":58,"code":35998,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36000,36001,36034,36038,36061],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36002,36003,36006,36008,36010,36012,36014,36016,36018,36020,36022,36024,36026,36028,36030,36032],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36004,36005],{"class":71},"letters ",[65,36007,76],{"class":75},[65,36009,3773],{"class":79},[65,36011,84],{"class":83},[65,36013,88],{"class":87},[65,36015,84],{"class":83},[65,36017,100],{"class":79},[65,36019,103],{"class":83},[65,36021,106],{"class":87},[65,36023,84],{"class":83},[65,36025,100],{"class":79},[65,36027,103],{"class":83},[65,36029,120],{"class":87},[65,36031,84],{"class":83},[65,36033,3786],{"class":79},[65,36035,36036],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,36037,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,36039,36040,36042,36045,36047,36050,36052,36054,36056,36059],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,36041,6110],{"class":1405},[65,36043,36044],{"class":71}," i",[65,36046,100],{"class":79},[65,36048,36049],{"class":71}," letter ",[65,36051,4036],{"class":1405},[65,36053,35745],{"class":164},[65,36055,168],{"class":79},[65,36057,36058],{"class":147},"letters",[65,36060,8493],{"class":79},[65,36062,36063,36065,36067,36070,36072,36075],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,36064,1431],{"class":164},[65,36066,168],{"class":79},[65,36068,36069],{"class":147},"i",[65,36071,100],{"class":79},[65,36073,36074],{"class":147}," letter",[65,36076,174],{"class":79},[20,36078,191],{},[56,36080,36082],{"className":58,"code":36081,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36083,36084,36091,36098],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36085,36086,36088],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36087,2267],{"class":96},[65,36089,36090],{"class":71}," a\n",[65,36092,36093,36095],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,36094,3135],{"class":96},[65,36096,36097],{"class":71}," b\n",[65,36099,36100,36102],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,36101,2204],{"class":96},[65,36103,36104],{"class":71}," c\n",[20,36106,36107,36108,144],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[88,36109,3724,36111,3657],{"href":36110},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36112,36113],{},"range()",[51,36115,252,36117,11842],{"id":36116},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36118,35663],{},[20,36120,36121,36123,36124,144],{},[15,36122,35663],{}," returns an ",[46,36125,36126],{},"enumerate object",[20,36128,36129,36130,36132],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36131,6110],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[30,36134,36135],{},[33,36136,36137],{},[15,36138,36139],{},"(index, item)",[20,36141,36142],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36144,350],{},[56,36146,36148],{"className":58,"code":36147,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36149,36150,36183,36187,36209],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36151,36152,36155,36157,36159,36161,36163,36165,36167,36169,36171,36173,36175,36177,36179,36181],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36153,36154],{"class":71},"fruits ",[65,36156,76],{"class":75},[65,36158,3773],{"class":79},[65,36160,84],{"class":83},[65,36162,4234],{"class":87},[65,36164,84],{"class":83},[65,36166,100],{"class":79},[65,36168,103],{"class":83},[65,36170,4243],{"class":87},[65,36172,84],{"class":83},[65,36174,100],{"class":79},[65,36176,103],{"class":83},[65,36178,33132],{"class":87},[65,36180,84],{"class":83},[65,36182,3786],{"class":79},[65,36184,36185],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,36186,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,36188,36189,36191,36193,36195,36198,36200,36202,36204,36207],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,36190,6110],{"class":1405},[65,36192,35735],{"class":71},[65,36194,100],{"class":79},[65,36196,36197],{"class":71}," fruit ",[65,36199,4036],{"class":1405},[65,36201,35745],{"class":164},[65,36203,168],{"class":79},[65,36205,36206],{"class":147},"fruits",[65,36208,8493],{"class":79},[65,36210,36211,36213,36215,36217,36219,36222],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,36212,1431],{"class":164},[65,36214,168],{"class":79},[65,36216,35760],{"class":147},[65,36218,100],{"class":79},[65,36220,36221],{"class":147}," fruit",[65,36223,174],{"class":79},[20,36225,36226],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[56,36228,36230],{"className":58,"code":36229,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36231,36232,36252,36256,36274],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36233,36234,36236,36238,36240,36242,36244,36246,36248,36250],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36235,3768],{"class":71},[65,36237,76],{"class":75},[65,36239,3773],{"class":79},[65,36241,2476],{"class":96},[65,36243,100],{"class":79},[65,36245,7940],{"class":96},[65,36247,100],{"class":79},[65,36249,7945],{"class":96},[65,36251,3786],{"class":79},[65,36253,36254],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,36255,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,36257,36258,36260,36262,36264,36266,36268,36270,36272],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,36259,401],{"class":71},[65,36261,76],{"class":75},[65,36263,22667],{"class":1368},[65,36265,168],{"class":79},[65,36267,35957],{"class":164},[65,36269,168],{"class":79},[65,36271,3800],{"class":147},[65,36273,1870],{"class":79},[65,36275,36276,36278,36280,36282],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,36277,165],{"class":164},[65,36279,168],{"class":79},[65,36281,425],{"class":147},[65,36283,174],{"class":79},[20,36285,191],{},[56,36287,36289],{"className":58,"code":36288,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36290,36291],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36292,36293,36295,36297,36299,36301,36303,36305,36307,36309,36311,36313,36315,36317,36319,36321],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36294,21852],{"class":79},[65,36296,2267],{"class":96},[65,36298,100],{"class":79},[65,36300,6157],{"class":96},[65,36302,9383],{"class":79},[65,36304,648],{"class":79},[65,36306,3135],{"class":96},[65,36308,100],{"class":79},[65,36310,7940],{"class":96},[65,36312,9383],{"class":79},[65,36314,648],{"class":79},[65,36316,2204],{"class":96},[65,36318,100],{"class":79},[65,36320,7945],{"class":96},[65,36322,9398],{"class":79},[20,36324,36325,36326,36328],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36327,35663],{}," produces.",[51,36330,1553,36332],{"id":36331},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36333,35663],{},[20,36335,1309,36336,36338],{},[15,36337,35663],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36340,36341],{},"Common cases:",[30,36343,36344,36347,36350,36353],{},[33,36345,36346],{},"printing numbered output",[33,36348,36349],{},"building menus",[33,36351,36352],{},"showing positions in a list",[33,36354,36355],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36357,350],{},[56,36359,36361],{"className":58,"code":36360,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36362,36363,36398,36402,36432],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36364,36365,36367,36369,36371,36373,36376,36378,36380,36382,36385,36387,36389,36391,36394,36396],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36366,1584],{"class":71},[65,36368,76],{"class":75},[65,36370,3773],{"class":79},[65,36372,84],{"class":83},[65,36374,36375],{"class":87},"Wash dishes",[65,36377,84],{"class":83},[65,36379,100],{"class":79},[65,36381,103],{"class":83},[65,36383,36384],{"class":87},"Study Python",[65,36386,84],{"class":83},[65,36388,100],{"class":79},[65,36390,103],{"class":83},[65,36392,36393],{"class":87},"Go for a walk",[65,36395,84],{"class":83},[65,36397,3786],{"class":79},[65,36399,36400],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,36401,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,36403,36404,36406,36408,36410,36413,36415,36417,36419,36422,36424,36426,36428,36430],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,36405,6110],{"class":1405},[65,36407,2343],{"class":71},[65,36409,100],{"class":79},[65,36411,36412],{"class":71}," task ",[65,36414,4036],{"class":1405},[65,36416,35745],{"class":164},[65,36418,168],{"class":79},[65,36420,36421],{"class":147},"tasks",[65,36423,100],{"class":79},[65,36425,35966],{"class":9326},[65,36427,76],{"class":75},[65,36429,3135],{"class":96},[65,36431,8493],{"class":79},[65,36433,36434,36436,36438,36440,36442,36444,36446,36448,36450,36452,36455,36457,36459],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,36435,1431],{"class":164},[65,36437,168],{"class":79},[65,36439,1697],{"class":1696},[65,36441,84],{"class":87},[65,36443,218],{"class":96},[65,36445,2385],{"class":147},[65,36447,1706],{"class":96},[65,36449,28417],{"class":87},[65,36451,218],{"class":96},[65,36453,36454],{"class":147},"task",[65,36456,1706],{"class":96},[65,36458,84],{"class":87},[65,36460,174],{"class":79},[20,36462,191],{},[56,36464,36466],{"className":58,"code":36465,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36467,36468,36480,36492],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36469,36470,36472,36474,36477],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36471,3135],{"class":96},[65,36473,144],{"class":79},[65,36475,36476],{"class":24857}," Wash",[65,36478,36479],{"class":71}," dishes\n",[65,36481,36482,36484,36486,36489],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,36483,2204],{"class":96},[65,36485,144],{"class":79},[65,36487,36488],{"class":24857}," Study",[65,36490,36491],{"class":71}," Python\n",[65,36493,36494,36496,36498,36501,36503],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,36495,2210],{"class":96},[65,36497,144],{"class":79},[65,36499,36500],{"class":24857}," Go",[65,36502,4030],{"class":1405},[65,36504,36505],{"class":71}," a walk\n",[20,36507,36508,36509,36511,36512,144],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36510,35663],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36513,36514],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36516,36517,36518,144],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[88,36519,36521,36522,36524],{"href":36520},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36523,35663],{}," in Python",[51,36526,36528,36529,36531],{"id":36527},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36530,35987],{}," argument",[20,36533,36534,36535,36537],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36536,35987],{}," argument.",[20,36539,36540,36541,11237,36543,93],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36542,3135],{},[15,36544,2267],{},[56,36546,36548],{"className":58,"code":36547,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36549,36550,36582,36586,36614],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36551,36552,36554,36556,36558,36560,36562,36564,36566,36568,36570,36572,36574,36576,36578,36580],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36553,13206],{"class":71},[65,36555,76],{"class":75},[65,36557,3773],{"class":79},[65,36559,84],{"class":83},[65,36561,13223],{"class":87},[65,36563,84],{"class":83},[65,36565,100],{"class":79},[65,36567,103],{"class":83},[65,36569,17570],{"class":87},[65,36571,84],{"class":83},[65,36573,100],{"class":79},[65,36575,103],{"class":83},[65,36577,13240],{"class":87},[65,36579,84],{"class":83},[65,36581,3786],{"class":79},[65,36583,36584],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,36585,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,36587,36588,36590,36592,36594,36596,36598,36600,36602,36604,36606,36608,36610,36612],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,36589,6110],{"class":1405},[65,36591,35735],{"class":71},[65,36593,100],{"class":79},[65,36595,35740],{"class":71},[65,36597,4036],{"class":1405},[65,36599,35745],{"class":164},[65,36601,168],{"class":79},[65,36603,17617],{"class":147},[65,36605,100],{"class":79},[65,36607,35966],{"class":9326},[65,36609,76],{"class":75},[65,36611,3135],{"class":96},[65,36613,8493],{"class":79},[65,36615,36616,36618,36620,36622,36624,36626],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,36617,1431],{"class":164},[65,36619,168],{"class":79},[65,36621,35760],{"class":147},[65,36623,100],{"class":79},[65,36625,35765],{"class":147},[65,36627,174],{"class":79},[20,36629,191],{},[56,36631,36633],{"className":58,"code":36632,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36634,36635,36641,36647],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36636,36637,36639],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36638,3135],{"class":96},[65,36640,35781],{"class":71},[65,36642,36643,36645],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,36644,2204],{"class":96},[65,36646,35788],{"class":71},[65,36648,36649,36651],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,36650,2210],{"class":96},[65,36652,35795],{"class":71},[20,36654,36655],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36657,36658],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[51,36660,25465],{"id":25464},[20,36662,25468,36663,144],{},[15,36664,35663],{},[1059,36666,36668],{"id":36667},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36670,36671],{},"In this loop:",[56,36673,36675],{"className":58,"code":36674,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36676,36677,36697,36701,36721],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36678,36679,36681,36683,36685,36687,36689,36691,36693,36695],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36680,3768],{"class":71},[65,36682,76],{"class":75},[65,36684,3773],{"class":79},[65,36686,2476],{"class":96},[65,36688,100],{"class":79},[65,36690,7940],{"class":96},[65,36692,100],{"class":79},[65,36694,7945],{"class":96},[65,36696,3786],{"class":79},[65,36698,36699],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,36700,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,36702,36703,36705,36707,36709,36711,36713,36715,36717,36719],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,36704,6110],{"class":1405},[65,36706,35735],{"class":71},[65,36708,100],{"class":79},[65,36710,492],{"class":71},[65,36712,4036],{"class":1405},[65,36714,35745],{"class":164},[65,36716,168],{"class":79},[65,36718,3800],{"class":147},[65,36720,8493],{"class":79},[65,36722,36723,36725,36727,36729,36731,36733],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,36724,1431],{"class":164},[65,36726,168],{"class":79},[65,36728,35760],{"class":147},[65,36730,100],{"class":79},[65,36732,821],{"class":147},[65,36734,174],{"class":79},[30,36736,36737,36747],{},[33,36738,36739,4939,36741,1028,36743,1028,36745],{},[15,36740,35760],{},[15,36742,2267],{},[15,36744,3135],{},[15,36746,2204],{},[33,36748,36749,4939,36751,1028,36753,1028,36755],{},[15,36750,1714],{},[15,36752,2476],{},[15,36754,15876],{},[15,36756,36757],{},"30",[20,36759,36760],{},"These are different things.",[1059,36762,36764],{"id":36763},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36766,36767,36768,36770],{},"Each item from ",[15,36769,35663],{}," is a pair.",[20,36772,6838],{},[56,36774,36776],{"className":58,"code":36775,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36777,36778,36802,36806,36826],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36779,36780,36782,36784,36786,36788,36790,36792,36794,36796,36798,36800],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36781,7929],{"class":71},[65,36783,76],{"class":75},[65,36785,3773],{"class":79},[65,36787,84],{"class":83},[65,36789,931],{"class":87},[65,36791,84],{"class":83},[65,36793,100],{"class":79},[65,36795,103],{"class":83},[65,36797,944],{"class":87},[65,36799,84],{"class":83},[65,36801,3786],{"class":79},[65,36803,36804],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,36805,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,36807,36808,36810,36812,36814,36816,36818,36820,36822,36824],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,36809,6110],{"class":1405},[65,36811,36044],{"class":71},[65,36813,100],{"class":79},[65,36815,6113],{"class":71},[65,36817,4036],{"class":1405},[65,36819,35745],{"class":164},[65,36821,168],{"class":79},[65,36823,7960],{"class":147},[65,36825,8493],{"class":79},[65,36827,36828,36830,36832,36834,36836,36838],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,36829,1431],{"class":164},[65,36831,168],{"class":79},[65,36833,36069],{"class":147},[65,36835,100],{"class":79},[65,36837,1178],{"class":147},[65,36839,174],{"class":79},[20,36841,36842],{},"But this causes an error:",[56,36844,36846],{"className":58,"code":36845,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36847,36848,36872,36876,36901],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36849,36850,36852,36854,36856,36858,36860,36862,36864,36866,36868,36870],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36851,7929],{"class":71},[65,36853,76],{"class":75},[65,36855,3773],{"class":79},[65,36857,84],{"class":83},[65,36859,931],{"class":87},[65,36861,84],{"class":83},[65,36863,100],{"class":79},[65,36865,103],{"class":83},[65,36867,944],{"class":87},[65,36869,84],{"class":83},[65,36871,3786],{"class":79},[65,36873,36874],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,36875,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,36877,36878,36880,36882,36884,36886,36888,36891,36893,36895,36897,36899],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,36879,6110],{"class":1405},[65,36881,36044],{"class":71},[65,36883,100],{"class":79},[65,36885,1178],{"class":71},[65,36887,100],{"class":79},[65,36889,36890],{"class":71}," extra ",[65,36892,4036],{"class":1405},[65,36894,35745],{"class":164},[65,36896,168],{"class":79},[65,36898,7960],{"class":147},[65,36900,8493],{"class":79},[65,36902,36903,36905,36907,36909,36911,36913,36915,36918],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,36904,1431],{"class":164},[65,36906,168],{"class":79},[65,36908,36069],{"class":147},[65,36910,100],{"class":79},[65,36912,1178],{"class":147},[65,36914,100],{"class":79},[65,36916,36917],{"class":147}," extra",[65,36919,174],{"class":79},[20,36921,707,36922,36924],{},[15,36923,35663],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1059,36926,36928,36930],{"id":36927},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36929,35663],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36932,36933],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36935,36936],{},"Example with a string:",[56,36938,36940],{"className":58,"code":36939,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36941,36942,36968],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36943,36944,36946,36948,36950,36953,36955,36957,36959,36961,36964,36966],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36945,6110],{"class":1405},[65,36947,35735],{"class":71},[65,36949,100],{"class":79},[65,36951,36952],{"class":71}," char ",[65,36954,4036],{"class":1405},[65,36956,35745],{"class":164},[65,36958,168],{"class":79},[65,36960,84],{"class":83},[65,36962,36963],{"class":87},"cat",[65,36965,84],{"class":83},[65,36967,8493],{"class":79},[65,36969,36970,36972,36974,36976,36978,36981],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,36971,1431],{"class":164},[65,36973,168],{"class":79},[65,36975,35760],{"class":147},[65,36977,100],{"class":79},[65,36979,36980],{"class":147}," char",[65,36982,174],{"class":79},[20,36984,191],{},[56,36986,36988],{"className":58,"code":36987,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36989,36990,36996,37002],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,36991,36992,36994],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,36993,2267],{"class":96},[65,36995,36104],{"class":71},[65,36997,36998,37000],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,36999,3135],{"class":96},[65,37001,36090],{"class":71},[65,37003,37004,37006],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,37005,2204],{"class":96},[65,37007,37008],{"class":71}," t\n",[20,37010,37011,37012,144],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[88,37013,5288],{"href":5738},[1059,37015,37017],{"id":37016},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37019,37020,37021,144],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37022,35663],{},[20,37024,37025,37026,37028],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37027,6110],{}," loop:",[56,37030,37032],{"className":58,"code":37031,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37033,37034,37066,37070,37082],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,37035,37036,37038,37040,37042,37044,37046,37048,37050,37052,37054,37056,37058,37060,37062,37064],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,37037,13206],{"class":71},[65,37039,76],{"class":75},[65,37041,3773],{"class":79},[65,37043,84],{"class":83},[65,37045,13223],{"class":87},[65,37047,84],{"class":83},[65,37049,100],{"class":79},[65,37051,103],{"class":83},[65,37053,17570],{"class":87},[65,37055,84],{"class":83},[65,37057,100],{"class":79},[65,37059,103],{"class":83},[65,37061,13240],{"class":87},[65,37063,84],{"class":83},[65,37065,3786],{"class":79},[65,37067,37068],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,37069,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,37071,37072,37074,37076,37078,37080],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,37073,6110],{"class":1405},[65,37075,35740],{"class":71},[65,37077,4036],{"class":1405},[65,37079,13254],{"class":71},[65,37081,1411],{"class":79},[65,37083,37084,37086,37088,37090],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,37085,1431],{"class":164},[65,37087,168],{"class":79},[65,37089,32802],{"class":147},[65,37091,174],{"class":79},[20,37093,37094],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[51,37096,1766],{"id":1765},[20,37098,37099],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[30,37101,37102,37107,37113,37118],{},[33,37103,23208,37104,37106],{},[15,37105,35663],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[33,37108,37109,37110,37112],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37111,2267],{}," by default",[33,37114,8569,37115,37117],{},[15,37116,35663],{}," when only values are needed",[33,37119,37120,37121,8855,37123],{},"Confusing ",[15,37122,35663],{},[15,37124,36113],{},[20,37126,37127],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[56,37129,37131],{"className":58,"code":37130,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37132,37133,37155,37182,37216,37249],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,37134,37135,37137,37139,37141,37143,37145,37147,37149,37151,37153],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,37136,165],{"class":164},[65,37138,168],{"class":79},[65,37140,35957],{"class":164},[65,37142,3132],{"class":79},[65,37144,2476],{"class":96},[65,37146,100],{"class":79},[65,37148,7940],{"class":96},[65,37150,100],{"class":79},[65,37152,7945],{"class":96},[65,37154,3146],{"class":79},[65,37156,37157,37159,37161,37163,37165,37167,37169,37171,37173,37175,37177,37179],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,37158,165],{"class":164},[65,37160,168],{"class":79},[65,37162,8244],{"class":1368},[65,37164,168],{"class":79},[65,37166,35957],{"class":164},[65,37168,3132],{"class":79},[65,37170,2476],{"class":96},[65,37172,100],{"class":79},[65,37174,7940],{"class":96},[65,37176,100],{"class":79},[65,37178,7945],{"class":96},[65,37180,37181],{"class":79},"])))\n",[65,37183,37184,37186,37188,37190,37192,37194,37196,37198,37200,37202,37204,37206,37208,37210,37212,37214],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,37185,165],{"class":164},[65,37187,168],{"class":79},[65,37189,8244],{"class":1368},[65,37191,168],{"class":79},[65,37193,35957],{"class":164},[65,37195,3132],{"class":79},[65,37197,2476],{"class":96},[65,37199,100],{"class":79},[65,37201,7940],{"class":96},[65,37203,100],{"class":79},[65,37205,7945],{"class":96},[65,37207,18177],{"class":79},[65,37209,35966],{"class":9326},[65,37211,76],{"class":75},[65,37213,3135],{"class":96},[65,37215,3058],{"class":79},[65,37217,37218,37220,37222,37224,37226,37228,37230,37232,37234,37236,37238,37240,37242,37244,37246],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,37219,6110],{"class":1405},[65,37221,36044],{"class":71},[65,37223,100],{"class":79},[65,37225,492],{"class":71},[65,37227,4036],{"class":1405},[65,37229,35745],{"class":164},[65,37231,3132],{"class":79},[65,37233,203],{"class":83},[65,37235,88],{"class":87},[65,37237,203],{"class":83},[65,37239,100],{"class":79},[65,37241,233],{"class":83},[65,37243,106],{"class":87},[65,37245,203],{"class":83},[65,37247,37248],{"class":79},"]):\n",[65,37250,37251,37253,37255,37257,37259,37261],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,37252,1431],{"class":164},[65,37254,168],{"class":79},[65,37256,36069],{"class":147},[65,37258,100],{"class":79},[65,37260,821],{"class":147},[65,37262,174],{"class":79},[20,37264,17079],{},[56,37266,37268],{"className":58,"code":37267,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37269,37270,37290,37322,37354,37360],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,37271,37272,37274,37276,37278,37281,37285,37288],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,37273,3439],{"class":75},[65,37275,35957],{"class":164},[65,37277,24724],{"class":1368},[65,37279,37280],{"class":71}," at ",[65,37282,37284],{"class":37283},"srjyR","0x",[65,37286,37287],{"class":34365},"...",[65,37289,3451],{"class":75},[65,37291,37292,37294,37296,37298,37300,37302,37304,37306,37308,37310,37312,37314,37316,37318,37320],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,37293,21852],{"class":79},[65,37295,2267],{"class":96},[65,37297,100],{"class":79},[65,37299,6157],{"class":96},[65,37301,9383],{"class":79},[65,37303,648],{"class":79},[65,37305,3135],{"class":96},[65,37307,100],{"class":79},[65,37309,7940],{"class":96},[65,37311,9383],{"class":79},[65,37313,648],{"class":79},[65,37315,2204],{"class":96},[65,37317,100],{"class":79},[65,37319,7945],{"class":96},[65,37321,9398],{"class":79},[65,37323,37324,37326,37328,37330,37332,37334,37336,37338,37340,37342,37344,37346,37348,37350,37352],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,37325,21852],{"class":79},[65,37327,3135],{"class":96},[65,37329,100],{"class":79},[65,37331,6157],{"class":96},[65,37333,9383],{"class":79},[65,37335,648],{"class":79},[65,37337,2204],{"class":96},[65,37339,100],{"class":79},[65,37341,7940],{"class":96},[65,37343,9383],{"class":79},[65,37345,648],{"class":79},[65,37347,2210],{"class":96},[65,37349,100],{"class":79},[65,37351,7945],{"class":96},[65,37353,9398],{"class":79},[65,37355,37356,37358],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,37357,2267],{"class":96},[65,37359,36090],{"class":71},[65,37361,37362,37364],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,37363,3135],{"class":96},[65,37365,36097],{"class":71},[51,37367,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,37369,1953,37371,1956],{"id":37370},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37372,35663],{},[20,37374,37375],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1059,37377,1966,37379,37381],{"id":37378},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37380,35663],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37383,37384,37385,37387,37388,37391],{},"It starts at ",[15,37386,2267],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37389,37390],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1059,37393,21536,37395,11237,37397,2637],{"id":37394},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37396,35663],{},[15,37398,37399],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37401,36508,37402,37404],{},[15,37403,35663],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1059,37406,5320,37408,37410],{"id":37407},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37409,35663],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37412,37413,37414,37416],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37415,35663],{}," can return each character with its index.",[51,37418,2015],{"id":2014},[30,37420,37421,37425,37431,37438],{},[33,37422,37423],{},[88,37424,35943],{"href":35942},[33,37426,37427],{},[88,37428,3724,37429,3657],{"href":36110},[15,37430,36113],{},[33,37432,37433],{},[88,37434,37435,37436,36524],{"href":36520},"How to use ",[15,37437,35663],{},[33,37439,37440],{},[88,37441,5367],{"href":5738},[2071,37443,37444],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":37446},[37447,37448,37450,37451,37453,37455,37457,37464,37465,37475],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":35803,"depth":133,"text":37449},"What enumerate() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":36116,"depth":133,"text":37452},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36331,"depth":133,"text":37454},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36527,"depth":133,"text":37456},"Using the start argument",{"id":25464,"depth":133,"text":25465,"children":37458},[37459,37460,37461,37463],{"id":36667,"depth":154,"text":36668},{"id":36763,"depth":154,"text":36764},{"id":36927,"depth":154,"text":37462},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37016,"depth":154,"text":37017},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":37466},[37467,37469,37471,37473],{"id":37370,"depth":154,"text":37468},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37378,"depth":154,"text":37470},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37394,"depth":154,"text":37472},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37407,"depth":154,"text":37474},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35655,"description":37476},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37483,"title":37484,"body":37485,"description":40001,"extension":2111,"meta":40002,"navigation":157,"path":40003,"seo":40004,"stem":40005,"__hash__":40006},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37486,"toc":39958},[37487,37493,37498,37501,37509,37523,37525,37616,37624,37629,37634,37636,37652,37654,37733,37735,37752,37758,37762,37764,37785,37789,37792,37804,37808,37811,37814,37831,37834,37910,37912,37929,37934,37938,37946,37949,37964,37966,38055,38057,38102,38105,38109,38112,38191,38193,38215,38218,38225,38230,38233,38336,38338,38363,38366,38373,38379,38384,38387,38398,38504,38506,38527,38535,38542,38548,38567,38572,38575,38594,38596,38681,38683,38712,38715,38720,38725,38728,38739,38741,38830,38832,38852,38858,38964,38966,38986,38989,39073,39075,39095,39102,39104,39108,39114,39117,39174,39177,39180,39241,39250,39253,39256,39284,39287,39347,39349,39366,39370,39373,39451,39453,39473,39476,39551,39555,39558,39560,39569,39574,39576,39627,39635,39647,39652,39713,39715,39732,39736,39799,39801,39826,39834,39836,39842,39848,39855,39863,39869,39872,39879,39889,39895,39901,39904,39921,39927,39929,39955],[10,37488,3724,37490,3728],{"id":37489},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37491,37492],{},"filter()",[20,37494,37495,37497],{},[15,37496,37492],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37499,37500],{},"It takes:",[30,37502,37503,37506],{},[33,37504,37505],{},"a function that checks each item",[33,37507,37508],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37510,37511,37512,37515,37516,37519,37520,37522],{},"The result is ",[46,37513,37514],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37517,37518],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37521,24888],{}," to see the values.",[51,37524,54],{"id":53},[56,37526,37528],{"className":58,"code":37527,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37529,37530,37563,37599],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,37531,37532,37534,37536,37538,37540,37542,37544,37546,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37561],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,37533,3768],{"class":71},[65,37535,76],{"class":75},[65,37537,3773],{"class":79},[65,37539,3135],{"class":96},[65,37541,100],{"class":79},[65,37543,113],{"class":96},[65,37545,100],{"class":79},[65,37547,127],{"class":96},[65,37549,100],{"class":79},[65,37551,2602],{"class":96},[65,37553,100],{"class":79},[65,37555,4762],{"class":96},[65,37557,100],{"class":79},[65,37559,37560],{"class":96}," 6",[65,37562,3786],{"class":79},[65,37564,37565,37567,37569,37572,37574,37577,37581,37583,37585,37587,37589,37591,37593,37595,37597],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,37566,401],{"class":71},[65,37568,76],{"class":75},[65,37570,37571],{"class":164}," filter",[65,37573,168],{"class":79},[65,37575,37576],{"class":1696},"lambda",[65,37578,37580],{"class":37579},"sFwrP"," x",[65,37582,93],{"class":79},[65,37584,4033],{"class":147},[65,37586,6556],{"class":75},[65,37588,113],{"class":96},[65,37590,6561],{"class":75},[65,37592,3986],{"class":96},[65,37594,100],{"class":79},[65,37596,4419],{"class":147},[65,37598,174],{"class":79},[65,37600,37601,37603,37605,37607,37609,37611,37613],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,37602,165],{"class":164},[65,37604,168],{"class":79},[65,37606,8244],{"class":1368},[65,37608,168],{"class":79},[65,37610,425],{"class":147},[65,37612,5513],{"class":79},[65,37614,37615],{"class":3816},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37617,37618,37620,37621,37623],{},[15,37619,37492],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37622,24888],{}," to see the results.",[51,37625,252,37627,255],{"id":37626},"what-filter-does",[15,37628,37492],{},[20,37630,37631,37633],{},[15,37632,37492],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37635,2254],{},[30,37637,37638,37641,37647],{},[33,37639,37640],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[33,37642,37643,37644,37646],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37645,3753],{},", the item is kept",[33,37648,37643,37649,37651],{},[15,37650,3827],{},", the item is removed",[20,37653,350],{},[56,37655,37657],{"className":58,"code":37656,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37658,37659,37687,37691,37719],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,37660,37661,37663,37665,37667,37669,37671,37673,37675,37677,37679,37681,37683,37685],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,37662,3768],{"class":71},[65,37664,76],{"class":75},[65,37666,3773],{"class":79},[65,37668,3135],{"class":96},[65,37670,100],{"class":79},[65,37672,113],{"class":96},[65,37674,100],{"class":79},[65,37676,127],{"class":96},[65,37678,100],{"class":79},[65,37680,2602],{"class":96},[65,37682,100],{"class":79},[65,37684,4762],{"class":96},[65,37686,3786],{"class":79},[65,37688,37689],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,37690,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,37692,37693,37695,37697,37699,37701,37703,37705,37707,37709,37711,37713,37715,37717],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,37694,401],{"class":71},[65,37696,76],{"class":75},[65,37698,37571],{"class":164},[65,37700,168],{"class":79},[65,37702,37576],{"class":1696},[65,37704,37580],{"class":37579},[65,37706,93],{"class":79},[65,37708,4033],{"class":147},[65,37710,4408],{"class":75},[65,37712,127],{"class":96},[65,37714,100],{"class":79},[65,37716,4419],{"class":147},[65,37718,174],{"class":79},[65,37720,37721,37723,37725,37727,37729,37731],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,37722,165],{"class":164},[65,37724,168],{"class":79},[65,37726,8244],{"class":1368},[65,37728,168],{"class":79},[65,37730,425],{"class":147},[65,37732,1870],{"class":79},[20,37734,191],{},[56,37736,37738],{"className":58,"code":37737,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37739,37740],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,37741,37742,37744,37746,37748,37750],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,37743,4054],{"class":79},[65,37745,2650],{"class":96},[65,37747,100],{"class":79},[65,37749,4762],{"class":96},[65,37751,3786],{"class":79},[20,37753,37754,37755,37757],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37756,2210],{}," are kept.",[51,37759,37761],{"id":37760},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37763,2307],{},[56,37765,37767],{"className":58,"code":37766,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37768,37769],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,37770,37771,37773,37775,37778,37780,37783],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,37772,37518],{"class":164},[65,37774,168],{"class":79},[65,37776,37777],{"class":147},"function",[65,37779,100],{"class":79},[65,37781,37782],{"class":147}," iterable",[65,37784,174],{"class":79},[1059,37786,37787],{"id":37777},[15,37788,37777],{},[20,37790,37791],{},"This is the test function.",[30,37793,37794,37797],{},[33,37795,37796],{},"It receives one item at a time",[33,37798,37799,37800,3024,37802],{},"It should return ",[15,37801,3753],{},[15,37803,3827],{},[1059,37805,37806],{"id":3872},[15,37807,3872],{},[20,37809,37810],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37812,37813],{},"It can be:",[30,37815,37816,37819,37822,37825,37828],{},[33,37817,37818],{},"a list",[33,37820,37821],{},"a tuple",[33,37823,37824],{},"a string",[33,37826,37827],{},"a set",[33,37829,37830],{},"another iterable object",[20,37832,37833],{},"Example with a tuple:",[56,37835,37837],{"className":58,"code":37836,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37838,37839,37864,37868,37896],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,37840,37841,37843,37845,37847,37849,37851,37854,37856,37858,37860,37862],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,37842,3768],{"class":71},[65,37844,76],{"class":75},[65,37846,648],{"class":79},[65,37848,2476],{"class":96},[65,37850,100],{"class":79},[65,37852,37853],{"class":96}," 15",[65,37855,100],{"class":79},[65,37857,7940],{"class":96},[65,37859,100],{"class":79},[65,37861,394],{"class":96},[65,37863,174],{"class":79},[65,37865,37866],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,37867,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,37869,37870,37872,37874,37876,37878,37880,37882,37884,37886,37888,37890,37892,37894],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,37871,401],{"class":71},[65,37873,76],{"class":75},[65,37875,37571],{"class":164},[65,37877,168],{"class":79},[65,37879,37576],{"class":1696},[65,37881,37580],{"class":37579},[65,37883,93],{"class":79},[65,37885,4033],{"class":147},[65,37887,5251],{"class":75},[65,37889,7940],{"class":96},[65,37891,100],{"class":79},[65,37893,4419],{"class":147},[65,37895,174],{"class":79},[65,37897,37898,37900,37902,37904,37906,37908],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,37899,165],{"class":164},[65,37901,168],{"class":79},[65,37903,8244],{"class":1368},[65,37905,168],{"class":79},[65,37907,425],{"class":147},[65,37909,1870],{"class":79},[20,37911,191],{},[56,37913,37915],{"className":58,"code":37914,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37916,37917],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,37918,37919,37921,37923,37925,37927],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,37920,4054],{"class":79},[65,37922,15876],{"class":96},[65,37924,100],{"class":79},[65,37926,394],{"class":96},[65,37928,3786],{"class":79},[20,37930,37931,37932,144],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[88,37933,5288],{"href":5738},[51,37935,37937],{"id":37936},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37939,37940,37941,1832,37943,144],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37942,37492],{},[46,37944,37945],{},"filter object",[20,37947,37948],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[30,37950,37951,37954,37959],{},[33,37952,37953],{},"loop through it",[33,37955,37956,37957],{},"convert it with ",[15,37958,24888],{},[33,37960,37956,37961],{},[15,37962,37963],{},"tuple()",[20,37965,350],{},[56,37967,37969],{"className":58,"code":37968,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37970,37971,38013,38017,38027,38041],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,37972,37973,37975,37977,37979,37981,37983,37985,37987,37989,37991,37993,37995,37997,37999,38001,38003,38005,38007,38009,38011],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,37974,401],{"class":71},[65,37976,76],{"class":75},[65,37978,37571],{"class":164},[65,37980,168],{"class":79},[65,37982,37576],{"class":1696},[65,37984,37580],{"class":37579},[65,37986,93],{"class":79},[65,37988,4033],{"class":147},[65,37990,4408],{"class":75},[65,37992,113],{"class":96},[65,37994,100],{"class":79},[65,37996,3773],{"class":79},[65,37998,3135],{"class":96},[65,38000,100],{"class":79},[65,38002,113],{"class":96},[65,38004,100],{"class":79},[65,38006,127],{"class":96},[65,38008,100],{"class":79},[65,38010,2602],{"class":96},[65,38012,4042],{"class":79},[65,38014,38015],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,38016,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,38018,38019,38021,38023,38025],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,38020,165],{"class":164},[65,38022,168],{"class":79},[65,38024,425],{"class":147},[65,38026,174],{"class":79},[65,38028,38029,38031,38033,38035,38037,38039],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,38030,165],{"class":164},[65,38032,168],{"class":79},[65,38034,3370],{"class":1368},[65,38036,168],{"class":79},[65,38038,425],{"class":147},[65,38040,1870],{"class":79},[65,38042,38043,38045,38047,38049,38051,38053],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,38044,165],{"class":164},[65,38046,168],{"class":79},[65,38048,8244],{"class":1368},[65,38050,168],{"class":79},[65,38052,425],{"class":147},[65,38054,1870],{"class":79},[20,38056,191],{},[56,38058,38060],{"className":58,"code":38059,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38061,38062,38076,38090],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38063,38064,38066,38068,38070,38072,38074],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38065,3439],{"class":75},[65,38067,37518],{"class":164},[65,38069,24724],{"class":1368},[65,38071,37280],{"class":71},[65,38073,37287],{"class":34365},[65,38075,3451],{"class":75},[65,38077,38078,38080,38082,38084,38086,38088],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,38079,3439],{"class":75},[65,38081,3442],{"class":1696},[65,38083,233],{"class":83},[65,38085,37518],{"class":87},[65,38087,203],{"class":83},[65,38089,3451],{"class":75},[65,38091,38092,38094,38096,38098,38100],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,38093,4054],{"class":79},[65,38095,2210],{"class":96},[65,38097,100],{"class":79},[65,38099,2602],{"class":96},[65,38101,3786],{"class":79},[20,38103,38104],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1059,38106,38108],{"id":38107},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38110,38111],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[56,38113,38115],{"className":58,"code":38114,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38116,38117,38159,38163,38177],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38118,38119,38121,38123,38125,38127,38129,38131,38133,38135,38137,38139,38141,38143,38145,38147,38149,38151,38153,38155,38157],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38120,401],{"class":71},[65,38122,76],{"class":75},[65,38124,37571],{"class":164},[65,38126,168],{"class":79},[65,38128,37576],{"class":1696},[65,38130,37580],{"class":37579},[65,38132,93],{"class":79},[65,38134,4033],{"class":147},[65,38136,4408],{"class":75},[65,38138,113],{"class":96},[65,38140,100],{"class":79},[65,38142,3773],{"class":79},[65,38144,3135],{"class":96},[65,38146,100],{"class":79},[65,38148,113],{"class":96},[65,38150,100],{"class":79},[65,38152,127],{"class":96},[65,38154,100],{"class":79},[65,38156,2602],{"class":96},[65,38158,4042],{"class":79},[65,38160,38161],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,38162,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,38164,38165,38167,38169,38171,38173,38175],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,38166,165],{"class":164},[65,38168,168],{"class":79},[65,38170,8244],{"class":1368},[65,38172,168],{"class":79},[65,38174,425],{"class":147},[65,38176,1870],{"class":79},[65,38178,38179,38181,38183,38185,38187,38189],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,38180,165],{"class":164},[65,38182,168],{"class":79},[65,38184,8244],{"class":1368},[65,38186,168],{"class":79},[65,38188,425],{"class":147},[65,38190,1870],{"class":79},[20,38192,191],{},[56,38194,38196],{"className":58,"code":38195,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38197,38198,38210],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38199,38200,38202,38204,38206,38208],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38201,4054],{"class":79},[65,38203,2210],{"class":96},[65,38205,100],{"class":79},[65,38207,2602],{"class":96},[65,38209,3786],{"class":79},[65,38211,38212],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,38213,38214],{"class":79},"[]\n",[20,38216,38217],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[51,38219,8569,38221,8855,38223],{"id":38220},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38222,37492],{},[15,38224,37576],{},[20,38226,15315,38227,38229],{},[15,38228,37576],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38231,38232],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[56,38234,38236],{"className":58,"code":38235,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38237,38238,38280,38284,38322],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38239,38240,38242,38244,38246,38248,38250,38252,38254,38256,38259,38261,38263,38265,38267,38269,38271,38273,38276,38278],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38241,4225],{"class":71},[65,38243,76],{"class":75},[65,38245,3773],{"class":79},[65,38247,84],{"class":83},[65,38249,4234],{"class":87},[65,38251,84],{"class":83},[65,38253,100],{"class":79},[65,38255,103],{"class":83},[65,38257,38258],{"class":87},"kiwi",[65,38260,84],{"class":83},[65,38262,100],{"class":79},[65,38264,103],{"class":83},[65,38266,4243],{"class":87},[65,38268,84],{"class":83},[65,38270,100],{"class":79},[65,38272,103],{"class":83},[65,38274,38275],{"class":87},"fig",[65,38277,84],{"class":83},[65,38279,3786],{"class":79},[65,38281,38282],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,38283,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,38285,38286,38288,38290,38292,38294,38296,38299,38301,38304,38306,38309,38311,38314,38316,38318,38320],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,38287,401],{"class":71},[65,38289,76],{"class":75},[65,38291,37571],{"class":164},[65,38293,168],{"class":79},[65,38295,37576],{"class":1696},[65,38297,38298],{"class":37579}," word",[65,38300,93],{"class":79},[65,38302,38303],{"class":164}," len",[65,38305,168],{"class":79},[65,38307,38308],{"class":147},"word",[65,38310,3813],{"class":79},[65,38312,38313],{"class":75}," >",[65,38315,2602],{"class":96},[65,38317,100],{"class":79},[65,38319,6321],{"class":147},[65,38321,174],{"class":79},[65,38323,38324,38326,38328,38330,38332,38334],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,38325,165],{"class":164},[65,38327,168],{"class":79},[65,38329,8244],{"class":1368},[65,38331,168],{"class":79},[65,38333,425],{"class":147},[65,38335,1870],{"class":79},[20,38337,191],{},[56,38339,38341],{"className":58,"code":38340,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38342,38343],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38344,38345,38347,38349,38351,38353,38355,38357,38359,38361],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38346,4054],{"class":79},[65,38348,203],{"class":83},[65,38350,4234],{"class":87},[65,38352,203],{"class":83},[65,38354,100],{"class":79},[65,38356,233],{"class":83},[65,38358,4243],{"class":87},[65,38360,203],{"class":83},[65,38362,3786],{"class":79},[20,38364,38365],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38367,38368,38369,144],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[88,38370,38372],{"href":38371},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[51,38374,8569,38376,38378],{"id":38375},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38377,37492],{}," with a named function",[20,38380,38381,38382,144],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38383,37576],{},[20,38385,38386],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[30,38388,38389,38392,38395],{},[33,38390,38391],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[33,38393,38394],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[33,38396,38397],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[56,38399,38401],{"className":58,"code":38400,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38402,38403,38416,38431,38435,38467,38486,38490],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38404,38405,38407,38410,38412,38414],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38406,34764],{"class":1696},[65,38408,38409],{"class":34767}," is_even",[65,38411,168],{"class":79},[65,38413,2385],{"class":37579},[65,38415,8493],{"class":79},[65,38417,38418,38420,38422,38424,38426,38428],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,38419,34775],{"class":1405},[65,38421,6540],{"class":71},[65,38423,6556],{"class":75},[65,38425,113],{"class":96},[65,38427,6561],{"class":75},[65,38429,38430],{"class":96}," 0\n",[65,38432,38433],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,38434,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,38436,38437,38439,38441,38443,38445,38447,38449,38451,38453,38455,38457,38459,38461,38463,38465],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,38438,3768],{"class":71},[65,38440,76],{"class":75},[65,38442,3773],{"class":79},[65,38444,3135],{"class":96},[65,38446,100],{"class":79},[65,38448,113],{"class":96},[65,38450,100],{"class":79},[65,38452,127],{"class":96},[65,38454,100],{"class":79},[65,38456,2602],{"class":96},[65,38458,100],{"class":79},[65,38460,4762],{"class":96},[65,38462,100],{"class":79},[65,38464,37560],{"class":96},[65,38466,3786],{"class":79},[65,38468,38469,38471,38473,38475,38477,38480,38482,38484],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,38470,401],{"class":71},[65,38472,76],{"class":75},[65,38474,37571],{"class":164},[65,38476,168],{"class":79},[65,38478,38479],{"class":147},"is_even",[65,38481,100],{"class":79},[65,38483,4419],{"class":147},[65,38485,174],{"class":79},[65,38487,38488],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,38489,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,38491,38492,38494,38496,38498,38500,38502],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,38493,165],{"class":164},[65,38495,168],{"class":79},[65,38497,8244],{"class":1368},[65,38499,168],{"class":79},[65,38501,425],{"class":147},[65,38503,1870],{"class":79},[20,38505,191],{},[56,38507,38509],{"className":58,"code":38508,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38510,38511],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38512,38513,38515,38517,38519,38521,38523,38525],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38514,4054],{"class":79},[65,38516,2204],{"class":96},[65,38518,100],{"class":79},[65,38520,2602],{"class":96},[65,38522,100],{"class":79},[65,38524,37560],{"class":96},[65,38526,3786],{"class":79},[20,38528,20886,38529,2543,38532,38534],{},[15,38530,38531],{},"is_even()",[15,38533,3753],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[51,38536,8569,38538,8855,38540],{"id":38537},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38539,3930],{},[15,38541,37492],{},[20,38543,38544,38545,38547],{},"You can pass ",[15,38546,3930],{}," as the first argument:",[56,38549,38551],{"className":58,"code":38550,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38552,38553],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38554,38555,38557,38559,38561,38563,38565],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38556,37518],{"class":164},[65,38558,168],{"class":79},[65,38560,3930],{"class":4005},[65,38562,100],{"class":79},[65,38564,37782],{"class":147},[65,38566,174],{"class":79},[20,38568,38569,38570,7489],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[46,38571,5748],{},[20,38573,38574],{},"Falsy values include:",[30,38576,38577,38581,38586,38590],{},[33,38578,38579],{},[15,38580,2267],{},[33,38582,38583,38585],{},[15,38584,3925],{}," (empty string)",[33,38587,38588],{},[15,38589,3930],{},[33,38591,38592],{},[15,38593,3827],{},[20,38595,350],{},[56,38597,38599],{"className":58,"code":38598,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38600,38601,38645,38649,38667],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38602,38603,38605,38607,38609,38611,38613,38615,38617,38619,38621,38623,38625,38627,38629,38631,38633,38635,38637,38639,38641,38643],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38604,7929],{"class":71},[65,38606,76],{"class":75},[65,38608,3773],{"class":79},[65,38610,2267],{"class":96},[65,38612,100],{"class":79},[65,38614,97],{"class":96},[65,38616,100],{"class":79},[65,38618,6279],{"class":83},[65,38620,100],{"class":79},[65,38622,103],{"class":83},[65,38624,3998],{"class":87},[65,38626,84],{"class":83},[65,38628,100],{"class":79},[65,38630,4006],{"class":4005},[65,38632,100],{"class":79},[65,38634,4070],{"class":4005},[65,38636,100],{"class":79},[65,38638,4061],{"class":4005},[65,38640,100],{"class":79},[65,38642,4762],{"class":96},[65,38644,3786],{"class":79},[65,38646,38647],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,38648,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,38650,38651,38653,38655,38657,38659,38661,38663,38665],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,38652,401],{"class":71},[65,38654,76],{"class":75},[65,38656,37571],{"class":164},[65,38658,168],{"class":79},[65,38660,3930],{"class":4005},[65,38662,100],{"class":79},[65,38664,6118],{"class":147},[65,38666,174],{"class":79},[65,38668,38669,38671,38673,38675,38677,38679],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,38670,165],{"class":164},[65,38672,168],{"class":79},[65,38674,8244],{"class":1368},[65,38676,168],{"class":79},[65,38678,425],{"class":147},[65,38680,1870],{"class":79},[20,38682,191],{},[56,38684,38686],{"className":58,"code":38685,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38687,38688],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38689,38690,38692,38694,38696,38698,38700,38702,38704,38706,38708,38710],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38691,4054],{"class":79},[65,38693,3135],{"class":96},[65,38695,100],{"class":79},[65,38697,233],{"class":83},[65,38699,3998],{"class":87},[65,38701,203],{"class":83},[65,38703,100],{"class":79},[65,38705,4070],{"class":4005},[65,38707,100],{"class":79},[65,38709,4762],{"class":96},[65,38711,3786],{"class":79},[20,38713,38714],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[51,38716,1553,38718],{"id":38717},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38719,37492],{},[20,38721,1309,38722,38724],{},[15,38723,37492],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38726,38727],{},"It works well for:",[30,38729,38730,38733,38736],{},[33,38731,38732],{},"simple filtering rules",[33,38734,38735],{},"quick data cleaning",[33,38737,38738],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38740,350],{},[56,38742,38744],{"className":58,"code":38743,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38745,38746,38778,38811,38815],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38747,38748,38750,38752,38754,38756,38758,38760,38762,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772,38774,38776],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38749,3768],{"class":71},[65,38751,76],{"class":75},[65,38753,3773],{"class":79},[65,38755,3135],{"class":96},[65,38757,100],{"class":79},[65,38759,113],{"class":96},[65,38761,100],{"class":79},[65,38763,127],{"class":96},[65,38765,100],{"class":79},[65,38767,2602],{"class":96},[65,38769,100],{"class":79},[65,38771,4762],{"class":96},[65,38773,100],{"class":79},[65,38775,37560],{"class":96},[65,38777,3786],{"class":79},[65,38779,38780,38783,38785,38787,38789,38791,38793,38795,38797,38799,38801,38803,38805,38807,38809],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,38781,38782],{"class":71},"evens ",[65,38784,76],{"class":75},[65,38786,37571],{"class":164},[65,38788,168],{"class":79},[65,38790,37576],{"class":1696},[65,38792,37580],{"class":37579},[65,38794,93],{"class":79},[65,38796,4033],{"class":147},[65,38798,6556],{"class":75},[65,38800,113],{"class":96},[65,38802,6561],{"class":75},[65,38804,3986],{"class":96},[65,38806,100],{"class":79},[65,38808,4419],{"class":147},[65,38810,174],{"class":79},[65,38812,38813],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,38814,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,38816,38817,38819,38821,38823,38825,38828],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,38818,165],{"class":164},[65,38820,168],{"class":79},[65,38822,8244],{"class":1368},[65,38824,168],{"class":79},[65,38826,38827],{"class":147},"evens",[65,38829,1870],{"class":79},[20,38831,191],{},[56,38833,38834],{"className":58,"code":38508,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,38835,38836],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38837,38838,38840,38842,38844,38846,38848,38850],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38839,4054],{"class":79},[65,38841,2204],{"class":96},[65,38843,100],{"class":79},[65,38845,2602],{"class":96},[65,38847,100],{"class":79},[65,38849,37560],{"class":96},[65,38851,3786],{"class":79},[20,38853,38854,38855,38857],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38856,6110],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[56,38859,38861],{"className":58,"code":38860,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38862,38863,38895,38903,38907,38919,38935,38950,38954],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38864,38865,38867,38869,38871,38873,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38866,3768],{"class":71},[65,38868,76],{"class":75},[65,38870,3773],{"class":79},[65,38872,3135],{"class":96},[65,38874,100],{"class":79},[65,38876,113],{"class":96},[65,38878,100],{"class":79},[65,38880,127],{"class":96},[65,38882,100],{"class":79},[65,38884,2602],{"class":96},[65,38886,100],{"class":79},[65,38888,4762],{"class":96},[65,38890,100],{"class":79},[65,38892,37560],{"class":96},[65,38894,3786],{"class":79},[65,38896,38897,38899,38901],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,38898,38782],{"class":71},[65,38900,76],{"class":75},[65,38902,7989],{"class":79},[65,38904,38905],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,38906,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,38908,38909,38911,38913,38915,38917],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,38910,6110],{"class":1405},[65,38912,6540],{"class":71},[65,38914,4036],{"class":1405},[65,38916,4419],{"class":71},[65,38918,1411],{"class":79},[65,38920,38921,38923,38925,38927,38929,38931,38933],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,38922,6551],{"class":1405},[65,38924,6540],{"class":71},[65,38926,6556],{"class":75},[65,38928,113],{"class":96},[65,38930,6561],{"class":75},[65,38932,3986],{"class":96},[65,38934,1411],{"class":79},[65,38936,38937,38940,38942,38944,38946,38948],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,38938,38939],{"class":71},"        evens",[65,38941,144],{"class":79},[65,38943,13682],{"class":147},[65,38945,168],{"class":79},[65,38947,2385],{"class":147},[65,38949,174],{"class":79},[65,38951,38952],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,38953,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,38955,38956,38958,38960,38962],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,38957,165],{"class":164},[65,38959,168],{"class":79},[65,38961,38827],{"class":147},[65,38963,174],{"class":79},[20,38965,191],{},[56,38967,38968],{"className":58,"code":38508,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,38969,38970],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38971,38972,38974,38976,38978,38980,38982,38984],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38973,4054],{"class":79},[65,38975,2204],{"class":96},[65,38977,100],{"class":79},[65,38979,2602],{"class":96},[65,38981,100],{"class":79},[65,38983,37560],{"class":96},[65,38985,3786],{"class":79},[20,38987,38988],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[56,38990,38992],{"className":58,"code":38991,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38993,38994,39026,39059,39063],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,38995,38996,38998,39000,39002,39004,39006,39008,39010,39012,39014,39016,39018,39020,39022,39024],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,38997,3768],{"class":71},[65,38999,76],{"class":75},[65,39001,3773],{"class":79},[65,39003,3135],{"class":96},[65,39005,100],{"class":79},[65,39007,113],{"class":96},[65,39009,100],{"class":79},[65,39011,127],{"class":96},[65,39013,100],{"class":79},[65,39015,2602],{"class":96},[65,39017,100],{"class":79},[65,39019,4762],{"class":96},[65,39021,100],{"class":79},[65,39023,37560],{"class":96},[65,39025,3786],{"class":79},[65,39027,39028,39030,39032,39034,39036,39038,39040,39042,39045,39047,39049,39051,39053,39055,39057],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,39029,38782],{"class":71},[65,39031,76],{"class":75},[65,39033,3773],{"class":79},[65,39035,2363],{"class":71},[65,39037,6110],{"class":1405},[65,39039,6540],{"class":71},[65,39041,4036],{"class":1405},[65,39043,39044],{"class":71}," numbers ",[65,39046,1406],{"class":1405},[65,39048,6540],{"class":71},[65,39050,6556],{"class":75},[65,39052,113],{"class":96},[65,39054,6561],{"class":75},[65,39056,3986],{"class":96},[65,39058,3786],{"class":79},[65,39060,39061],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,39062,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,39064,39065,39067,39069,39071],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,39066,165],{"class":164},[65,39068,168],{"class":79},[65,39070,38827],{"class":147},[65,39072,174],{"class":79},[20,39074,191],{},[56,39076,39077],{"className":58,"code":38508,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,39078,39079],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39080,39081,39083,39085,39087,39089,39091,39093],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39082,4054],{"class":79},[65,39084,2204],{"class":96},[65,39086,100],{"class":79},[65,39088,2602],{"class":96},[65,39090,100],{"class":79},[65,39092,37560],{"class":96},[65,39094,3786],{"class":79},[20,39096,39097,39098,144],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[88,39099,39101],{"href":39100},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[51,39103,1766],{"id":1765},[20,39105,1769,39106,144],{},[15,39107,37492],{},[1059,39109,1792,39111,39113],{"id":39110},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39112,37492],{}," to return a list",[20,39115,39116],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[56,39118,39120],{"className":58,"code":39119,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39121,39122,39164],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39123,39124,39126,39128,39130,39132,39134,39136,39138,39140,39142,39144,39146,39148,39150,39152,39154,39156,39158,39160,39162],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39125,401],{"class":71},[65,39127,76],{"class":75},[65,39129,37571],{"class":164},[65,39131,168],{"class":79},[65,39133,37576],{"class":1696},[65,39135,37580],{"class":37579},[65,39137,93],{"class":79},[65,39139,4033],{"class":147},[65,39141,4408],{"class":75},[65,39143,113],{"class":96},[65,39145,100],{"class":79},[65,39147,3773],{"class":79},[65,39149,3135],{"class":96},[65,39151,100],{"class":79},[65,39153,113],{"class":96},[65,39155,100],{"class":79},[65,39157,127],{"class":96},[65,39159,100],{"class":79},[65,39161,2602],{"class":96},[65,39163,4042],{"class":79},[65,39165,39166,39168,39170,39172],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,39167,165],{"class":164},[65,39169,168],{"class":79},[65,39171,425],{"class":147},[65,39173,174],{"class":79},[20,39175,39176],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39178,39179],{},"Fix:",[56,39181,39183],{"className":58,"code":39182,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39184,39185,39227],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39186,39187,39189,39191,39193,39195,39197,39199,39201,39203,39205,39207,39209,39211,39213,39215,39217,39219,39221,39223,39225],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39188,401],{"class":71},[65,39190,76],{"class":75},[65,39192,37571],{"class":164},[65,39194,168],{"class":79},[65,39196,37576],{"class":1696},[65,39198,37580],{"class":37579},[65,39200,93],{"class":79},[65,39202,4033],{"class":147},[65,39204,4408],{"class":75},[65,39206,113],{"class":96},[65,39208,100],{"class":79},[65,39210,3773],{"class":79},[65,39212,3135],{"class":96},[65,39214,100],{"class":79},[65,39216,113],{"class":96},[65,39218,100],{"class":79},[65,39220,127],{"class":96},[65,39222,100],{"class":79},[65,39224,2602],{"class":96},[65,39226,4042],{"class":79},[65,39228,39229,39231,39233,39235,39237,39239],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,39230,165],{"class":164},[65,39232,168],{"class":79},[65,39234,8244],{"class":1368},[65,39236,168],{"class":79},[65,39238,425],{"class":147},[65,39240,1870],{"class":79},[1059,39242,39244,39245,3024,39247,39249],{"id":39243},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39246,3753],{},[15,39248,3827],{}," clearly",[20,39251,39252],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39254,39255],{},"Good example:",[56,39257,39259],{"className":58,"code":39258,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39260,39261,39274],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39262,39263,39265,39268,39270,39272],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39264,34764],{"class":1696},[65,39266,39267],{"class":34767}," is_positive",[65,39269,168],{"class":79},[65,39271,2385],{"class":37579},[65,39273,8493],{"class":79},[65,39275,39276,39278,39280,39282],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,39277,34775],{"class":1405},[65,39279,6540],{"class":71},[65,39281,4408],{"class":75},[65,39283,38430],{"class":96},[20,39285,39286],{},"Then use it with:",[56,39288,39290],{"className":58,"code":39289,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39291,39292,39324],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39293,39294,39296,39298,39300,39302,39304,39306,39308,39310,39312,39314,39316,39318,39320,39322],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39295,3768],{"class":71},[65,39297,76],{"class":75},[65,39299,3773],{"class":79},[65,39301,2169],{"class":75},[65,39303,2204],{"class":96},[65,39305,100],{"class":79},[65,39307,2368],{"class":75},[65,39309,3135],{"class":96},[65,39311,100],{"class":79},[65,39313,3986],{"class":96},[65,39315,100],{"class":79},[65,39317,97],{"class":96},[65,39319,100],{"class":79},[65,39321,113],{"class":96},[65,39323,3786],{"class":79},[65,39325,39326,39328,39330,39332,39334,39336,39338,39341,39343,39345],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,39327,165],{"class":164},[65,39329,168],{"class":79},[65,39331,8244],{"class":1368},[65,39333,168],{"class":79},[65,39335,37518],{"class":164},[65,39337,168],{"class":79},[65,39339,39340],{"class":147},"is_positive",[65,39342,100],{"class":79},[65,39344,4419],{"class":147},[65,39346,3058],{"class":79},[20,39348,191],{},[56,39350,39352],{"className":58,"code":39351,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39353,39354],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39355,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39357,4054],{"class":79},[65,39359,3135],{"class":96},[65,39361,100],{"class":79},[65,39363,113],{"class":96},[65,39365,3786],{"class":79},[1059,39367,39369],{"id":39368},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39371,39372],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[56,39374,39375],{"className":58,"code":38114,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,39376,39377,39419,39423,39437],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39378,39379,39381,39383,39385,39387,39389,39391,39393,39395,39397,39399,39401,39403,39405,39407,39409,39411,39413,39415,39417],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39380,401],{"class":71},[65,39382,76],{"class":75},[65,39384,37571],{"class":164},[65,39386,168],{"class":79},[65,39388,37576],{"class":1696},[65,39390,37580],{"class":37579},[65,39392,93],{"class":79},[65,39394,4033],{"class":147},[65,39396,4408],{"class":75},[65,39398,113],{"class":96},[65,39400,100],{"class":79},[65,39402,3773],{"class":79},[65,39404,3135],{"class":96},[65,39406,100],{"class":79},[65,39408,113],{"class":96},[65,39410,100],{"class":79},[65,39412,127],{"class":96},[65,39414,100],{"class":79},[65,39416,2602],{"class":96},[65,39418,4042],{"class":79},[65,39420,39421],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,39422,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,39424,39425,39427,39429,39431,39433,39435],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,39426,165],{"class":164},[65,39428,168],{"class":79},[65,39430,8244],{"class":1368},[65,39432,168],{"class":79},[65,39434,425],{"class":147},[65,39436,1870],{"class":79},[65,39438,39439,39441,39443,39445,39447,39449],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,39440,165],{"class":164},[65,39442,168],{"class":79},[65,39444,8244],{"class":1368},[65,39446,168],{"class":79},[65,39448,425],{"class":147},[65,39450,1870],{"class":79},[20,39452,191],{},[56,39454,39455],{"className":58,"code":38195,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,39456,39457,39469],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39458,39459,39461,39463,39465,39467],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39460,4054],{"class":79},[65,39462,2210],{"class":96},[65,39464,100],{"class":79},[65,39466,2602],{"class":96},[65,39468,3786],{"class":79},[65,39470,39471],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,39472,38214],{"class":79},[20,39474,39475],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[56,39477,39479],{"className":58,"code":39478,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39480,39481,39527,39531,39541],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39482,39483,39485,39487,39489,39491,39493,39495,39497,39499,39501,39503,39505,39507,39509,39511,39513,39515,39517,39519,39521,39523,39525],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39484,401],{"class":71},[65,39486,76],{"class":75},[65,39488,22667],{"class":1368},[65,39490,168],{"class":79},[65,39492,37518],{"class":164},[65,39494,168],{"class":79},[65,39496,37576],{"class":1696},[65,39498,37580],{"class":37579},[65,39500,93],{"class":79},[65,39502,4033],{"class":147},[65,39504,4408],{"class":75},[65,39506,113],{"class":96},[65,39508,100],{"class":79},[65,39510,3773],{"class":79},[65,39512,3135],{"class":96},[65,39514,100],{"class":79},[65,39516,113],{"class":96},[65,39518,100],{"class":79},[65,39520,127],{"class":96},[65,39522,100],{"class":79},[65,39524,2602],{"class":96},[65,39526,3146],{"class":79},[65,39528,39529],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,39530,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,39532,39533,39535,39537,39539],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,39534,165],{"class":164},[65,39536,168],{"class":79},[65,39538,425],{"class":147},[65,39540,174],{"class":79},[65,39542,39543,39545,39547,39549],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,39544,165],{"class":164},[65,39546,168],{"class":79},[65,39548,425],{"class":147},[65,39550,174],{"class":79},[1059,39552,39554],{"id":39553},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39556,39557],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39559,16764],{},[56,39561,39563],{"className":58,"code":39562,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39564,39565],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39566,39567],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39568,39562],{"class":3816},[20,39570,39571,39572,6702],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39573,2476],{},[20,39575,16776],{},[56,39577,39579],{"className":58,"code":39578,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39580,39581],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39582,39583,39585,39587,39589,39591,39593,39595,39597,39599,39601,39603,39605,39607,39609,39611,39613,39615,39617,39619,39621,39623,39625],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39584,165],{"class":164},[65,39586,168],{"class":79},[65,39588,8244],{"class":1368},[65,39590,168],{"class":79},[65,39592,37518],{"class":164},[65,39594,168],{"class":79},[65,39596,37576],{"class":1696},[65,39598,37580],{"class":37579},[65,39600,93],{"class":79},[65,39602,4033],{"class":147},[65,39604,4408],{"class":75},[65,39606,113],{"class":96},[65,39608,100],{"class":79},[65,39610,3773],{"class":79},[65,39612,3135],{"class":96},[65,39614,100],{"class":79},[65,39616,113],{"class":96},[65,39618,100],{"class":79},[65,39620,127],{"class":96},[65,39622,100],{"class":79},[65,39624,2602],{"class":96},[65,39626,37181],{"class":79},[1059,39628,37120,39630,8855,39632],{"id":39629},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39631,37492],{},[15,39633,39634],{},"map()",[30,39636,39637,39642],{},[33,39638,39639,39641],{},[15,39640,37492],{}," keeps or removes items",[33,39643,39644,39646],{},[15,39645,39634],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39648,39649,39650,93],{},"Example of ",[15,39651,37492],{},[56,39653,39655],{"className":58,"code":39654,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39656,39657,39681],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39658,39659,39661,39663,39665,39667,39669,39671,39673,39675,39677,39679],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39660,3768],{"class":71},[65,39662,76],{"class":75},[65,39664,3773],{"class":79},[65,39666,3135],{"class":96},[65,39668,100],{"class":79},[65,39670,113],{"class":96},[65,39672,100],{"class":79},[65,39674,127],{"class":96},[65,39676,100],{"class":79},[65,39678,2602],{"class":96},[65,39680,3786],{"class":79},[65,39682,39683,39685,39687,39689,39691,39693,39695,39697,39699,39701,39703,39705,39707,39709,39711],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,39684,165],{"class":164},[65,39686,168],{"class":79},[65,39688,8244],{"class":1368},[65,39690,168],{"class":79},[65,39692,37518],{"class":164},[65,39694,168],{"class":79},[65,39696,37576],{"class":1696},[65,39698,37580],{"class":37579},[65,39700,93],{"class":79},[65,39702,4033],{"class":147},[65,39704,4408],{"class":75},[65,39706,113],{"class":96},[65,39708,100],{"class":79},[65,39710,4419],{"class":147},[65,39712,3058],{"class":79},[20,39714,191],{},[56,39716,39718],{"className":58,"code":39717,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39719,39720],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39721,39722,39724,39726,39728,39730],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39723,4054],{"class":79},[65,39725,2210],{"class":96},[65,39727,100],{"class":79},[65,39729,2602],{"class":96},[65,39731,3786],{"class":79},[20,39733,39649,39734,93],{},[15,39735,39634],{},[56,39737,39739],{"className":58,"code":39738,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39740,39741,39765],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39742,39743,39745,39747,39749,39751,39753,39755,39757,39759,39761,39763],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39744,3768],{"class":71},[65,39746,76],{"class":75},[65,39748,3773],{"class":79},[65,39750,3135],{"class":96},[65,39752,100],{"class":79},[65,39754,113],{"class":96},[65,39756,100],{"class":79},[65,39758,127],{"class":96},[65,39760,100],{"class":79},[65,39762,2602],{"class":96},[65,39764,3786],{"class":79},[65,39766,39767,39769,39771,39773,39775,39778,39780,39782,39784,39786,39788,39791,39793,39795,39797],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,39768,165],{"class":164},[65,39770,168],{"class":79},[65,39772,8244],{"class":1368},[65,39774,168],{"class":79},[65,39776,39777],{"class":164},"map",[65,39779,168],{"class":79},[65,39781,37576],{"class":1696},[65,39783,37580],{"class":37579},[65,39785,93],{"class":79},[65,39787,4033],{"class":147},[65,39789,39790],{"class":75},"*",[65,39792,113],{"class":96},[65,39794,100],{"class":79},[65,39796,4419],{"class":147},[65,39798,3058],{"class":79},[20,39800,191],{},[56,39802,39804],{"className":58,"code":39803,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39805,39806],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,39807,39808,39810,39812,39814,39816,39818,39820,39822,39824],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,39809,4054],{"class":79},[65,39811,2204],{"class":96},[65,39813,100],{"class":79},[65,39815,2602],{"class":96},[65,39817,100],{"class":79},[65,39819,37560],{"class":96},[65,39821,100],{"class":79},[65,39823,6513],{"class":96},[65,39825,3786],{"class":79},[20,39827,39828,39829,144],{},"For the related function, see ",[88,39830,3724,39832,3657],{"href":39831},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39833,39634],{},[51,39835,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,39837,1966,39839,39841],{"id":39838},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39840,37492],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39843,39844,39845,39847],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39846,24888],{}," if needed.",[1059,39849,39851,39852,39854],{"id":39850},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39853,37492],{}," need to return?",[20,39856,37799,39857,39859,39860,39862],{},[15,39858,3753],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39861,3827],{}," to remove it.",[1059,39864,28432,39866,39868],{"id":39865},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39867,37492],{}," without lambda?",[20,39870,39871],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1059,39873,1953,39875,39878],{"id":39874},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39876,39877],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39880,39881,39882,39884,39885,1035,39887,144],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39883,2267],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39886,3930],{},[15,39888,3827],{},[1059,39890,21536,39892,39894],{"id":39891},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39893,37492],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39896,39897,39898,39900],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39899,6110],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39902,39903],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[30,39905,39906,39912,39918],{},[33,39907,39908,39909,39911],{},"use ",[15,39910,37492],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[33,39913,39914,39915,39917],{},"use a ",[15,39916,6110],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[33,39919,39920],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39922,39923,39924,144],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[88,39925,5284],{"href":39926},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[51,39928,2015],{"id":2014},[30,39930,39931,39936,39940,39945,39951],{},[33,39932,39933],{},[88,39934,39935],{"href":38371},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[33,39937,39938],{},[88,39939,5372],{"href":39926},[33,39941,39942],{},[88,39943,39944],{"href":39100},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[33,39946,39947],{},[88,39948,3724,39949,3657],{"href":39831},[15,39950,39634],{},[33,39952,39953],{},[88,39954,5367],{"href":5738},[2071,39956,39957],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":39959},[39960,39961,39963,39967,39970,39972,39974,39976,39978,39988,40000],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":37626,"depth":133,"text":39962},"What filter() does",{"id":37760,"depth":133,"text":37761,"children":39964},[39965,39966],{"id":37777,"depth":154,"text":37777},{"id":3872,"depth":154,"text":3872},{"id":37936,"depth":133,"text":37937,"children":39968},[39969],{"id":38107,"depth":154,"text":38108},{"id":38220,"depth":133,"text":39971},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38375,"depth":133,"text":39973},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38537,"depth":133,"text":39975},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38717,"depth":133,"text":39977},"When to use filter()",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":39979},[39980,39982,39984,39985,39986],{"id":39110,"depth":154,"text":39981},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39243,"depth":154,"text":39983},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39368,"depth":154,"text":39369},{"id":39553,"depth":154,"text":39554},{"id":39629,"depth":154,"text":39987},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":39989},[39990,39992,39994,39996,39998],{"id":39838,"depth":154,"text":39991},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39850,"depth":154,"text":39993},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39865,"depth":154,"text":39995},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39874,"depth":154,"text":39997},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39891,"depth":154,"text":39999},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37484,"description":40001},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40008,"title":40009,"body":40010,"description":42163,"extension":2111,"meta":42164,"navigation":157,"path":42165,"seo":42166,"stem":42167,"__hash__":42168},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40011,"toc":42117},[40012,40015,40020,40026,40028,40080,40082,40101,40106,40110,40115,40118,40133,40136,40158,40160,40209,40211,40235,40237,40239,40254,40259,40267,40282,40284,40293,40296,40331,40335,40340,40344,40351,40386,40388,40404,40408,40411,40452,40454,40468,40472,40475,40499,40501,40510,40514,40517,40550,40552,40565,40569,40575,40594,40596,40604,40608,40613,40617,40623,40646,40648,40677,40680,40699,40703,40706,40733,40735,40769,40773,40776,40800,40804,40815,40817,40822,40828,40830,40914,40916,40958,40961,40965,40972,40981,41037,41044,41053,41058,41062,41133,41135,41144,41148,41151,41195,41197,41206,41210,41216,41266,41270,41275,41279,41303,41305,41314,41318,41342,41344,41355,41359,41383,41385,41394,41397,41414,41420,41424,41430,41433,41438,41441,41462,41464,41496,41499,41504,41506,41517,41519,41563,41567,41574,41626,41628,41637,41641,41644,41737,41740,41764,41768,41771,41863,41868,41872,41879,41884,41908,41910,41919,41924,41947,41949,41957,41964,41987,41995,41997,42010,42020,42022,42026,42033,42037,42046,42050,42057,42061,42065,42069,42082,42084,42114],[10,40013,40009],{"id":40014},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40016,9274,40017,40019],{},[15,40018,3030],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40021,40022,40023,40025],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40024,3030],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[51,40027,54],{"id":53},[56,40029,40031],{"className":58,"code":40030,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40032,40033,40047,40066],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40034,40035,40037,40039,40041,40043,40045],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40036,165],{"class":164},[65,40038,168],{"class":79},[65,40040,2338],{"class":1368},[65,40042,168],{"class":79},[65,40044,2284],{"class":96},[65,40046,1870],{"class":79},[65,40048,40049,40051,40053,40055,40057,40059,40062,40064],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,40050,165],{"class":164},[65,40052,168],{"class":79},[65,40054,2338],{"class":1368},[65,40056,168],{"class":79},[65,40058,84],{"class":83},[65,40060,40061],{"class":87},"3.14",[65,40063,84],{"class":83},[65,40065,1870],{"class":79},[65,40067,40068,40070,40072,40074,40076,40078],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,40069,165],{"class":164},[65,40071,168],{"class":79},[65,40073,2338],{"class":1368},[65,40075,168],{"class":79},[65,40077,3753],{"class":4005},[65,40079,1870],{"class":79},[20,40081,191],{},[56,40083,40085],{"className":58,"code":40084,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40086,40087,40091,40096],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40088,40089],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40090,2624],{"class":96},[65,40092,40093],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,40094,40095],{"class":96},"3.14\n",[65,40097,40098],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,40099,40100],{"class":96},"1.0\n",[20,40102,1309,40103,40105],{},[15,40104,3030],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[51,40107,40109],{"id":40108},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40111,40112,40114],{},[15,40113,3030],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40116,40117],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[30,40119,40120,40124,40128],{},[33,40121,40122],{},[15,40123,2636],{},[33,40125,40126],{},[15,40127,40061],{},[33,40129,40130],{},[15,40131,40132],{},"0.5",[20,40134,40135],{},"A few key points:",[30,40137,40138,40145,40148,40151],{},[33,40139,40140,40142,40143],{},[15,40141,3030],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40144,2338],{},[33,40146,40147],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[33,40149,40150],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[33,40152,40153,40154],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[88,40155,40156],{"href":8370},[15,40157,3104],{},[20,40159,350],{},[56,40161,40163],{"className":58,"code":40162,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40164,40165,40185,40195],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40166,40167,40169,40171,40174,40176,40178,40181,40183],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40168,2363],{"class":71},[65,40170,76],{"class":75},[65,40172,40173],{"class":1368}," float",[65,40175,168],{"class":79},[65,40177,84],{"class":83},[65,40179,40180],{"class":87},"2.75",[65,40182,84],{"class":83},[65,40184,174],{"class":79},[65,40186,40187,40189,40191,40193],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,40188,165],{"class":164},[65,40190,168],{"class":79},[65,40192,2385],{"class":147},[65,40194,174],{"class":79},[65,40196,40197,40199,40201,40203,40205,40207],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,40198,165],{"class":164},[65,40200,168],{"class":79},[65,40202,3370],{"class":1368},[65,40204,168],{"class":79},[65,40206,2385],{"class":147},[65,40208,1870],{"class":79},[20,40210,191],{},[56,40212,40214],{"className":58,"code":40213,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40215,40216,40221],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40217,40218],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40219,40220],{"class":96},"2.75\n",[65,40222,40223,40225,40227,40229,40231,40233],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,40224,3439],{"class":75},[65,40226,3442],{"class":1696},[65,40228,233],{"class":83},[65,40230,2338],{"class":87},[65,40232,203],{"class":83},[65,40234,3451],{"class":75},[51,40236,283],{"id":282},[20,40238,7367],{},[56,40240,40242],{"className":58,"code":40241,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"float(value)\n",[15,40243,40244],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40245,40246,40248,40250,40252],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40247,2338],{"class":1368},[65,40249,168],{"class":79},[65,40251,1714],{"class":147},[65,40253,174],{"class":79},[20,40255,40256,40257,144],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40258,3030],{},[20,40260,40261,40262,40264,40265,93],{},"If you call ",[15,40263,3030],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40266,3920],{},[56,40268,40270],{"className":58,"code":40269,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float())\n",[15,40271,40272],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40273,40274,40276,40278,40280],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40275,165],{"class":164},[65,40277,168],{"class":79},[65,40279,2338],{"class":1368},[65,40281,980],{"class":79},[20,40283,191],{},[56,40285,40287],{"className":58,"code":40286,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"0.0\n",[15,40288,40289],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40290,40291],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40292,40286],{"class":96},[20,40294,40295],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[56,40297,40299],{"className":58,"code":40298,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40300,40301,40321],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40302,40303,40306,40308,40310,40312,40314,40317,40319],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40304,40305],{"class":71},"price ",[65,40307,76],{"class":75},[65,40309,40173],{"class":1368},[65,40311,168],{"class":79},[65,40313,84],{"class":83},[65,40315,40316],{"class":87},"19.99",[65,40318,84],{"class":83},[65,40320,174],{"class":79},[65,40322,40323,40325,40327,40329],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,40324,165],{"class":164},[65,40326,168],{"class":79},[65,40328,25257],{"class":147},[65,40330,174],{"class":79},[51,40332,40334],{"id":40333},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40336,40337,40339],{},[15,40338,3030],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1059,40341,40343],{"id":40342},"integers","Integers",[20,40345,40346,40347,40350],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40348,40349],{},".0"," added:",[56,40352,40354],{"className":58,"code":40353,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40355,40356,40370],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40357,40358,40360,40362,40364,40366,40368],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40359,165],{"class":164},[65,40361,168],{"class":79},[65,40363,2338],{"class":1368},[65,40365,168],{"class":79},[65,40367,2284],{"class":96},[65,40369,1870],{"class":79},[65,40371,40372,40374,40376,40378,40380,40382,40384],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,40373,165],{"class":164},[65,40375,168],{"class":79},[65,40377,2338],{"class":1368},[65,40379,168],{"class":79},[65,40381,2169],{"class":75},[65,40383,2204],{"class":96},[65,40385,1870],{"class":79},[20,40387,191],{},[56,40389,40391],{"className":58,"code":40390,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40392,40393,40397],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40394,40395],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40396,2624],{"class":96},[65,40398,40399,40401],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,40400,2169],{"class":75},[65,40402,40403],{"class":96},"2.0\n",[1059,40405,40407],{"id":40406},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40409,40410],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[56,40412,40414],{"className":58,"code":40413,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40415,40416,40434],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40417,40418,40420,40422,40424,40426,40428,40430,40432],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40419,165],{"class":164},[65,40421,168],{"class":79},[65,40423,2338],{"class":1368},[65,40425,168],{"class":79},[65,40427,84],{"class":83},[65,40429,40061],{"class":87},[65,40431,84],{"class":83},[65,40433,1870],{"class":79},[65,40435,40436,40438,40440,40442,40444,40446,40448,40450],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,40437,165],{"class":164},[65,40439,168],{"class":79},[65,40441,2338],{"class":1368},[65,40443,168],{"class":79},[65,40445,84],{"class":83},[65,40447,2476],{"class":87},[65,40449,84],{"class":83},[65,40451,1870],{"class":79},[20,40453,191],{},[56,40455,40457],{"className":58,"code":40456,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40458,40459,40463],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40460,40461],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40462,40095],{"class":96},[65,40464,40465],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,40466,40467],{"class":96},"10.0\n",[1059,40469,40471],{"id":40470},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40473,40474],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[56,40476,40478],{"className":58,"code":40477,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40479,40480],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40481,40482,40484,40486,40488,40490,40492,40495,40497],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40483,165],{"class":164},[65,40485,168],{"class":79},[65,40487,2338],{"class":1368},[65,40489,168],{"class":79},[65,40491,84],{"class":83},[65,40493,40494],{"class":87},"  8.5  ",[65,40496,84],{"class":83},[65,40498,1870],{"class":79},[20,40500,191],{},[56,40502,40504],{"className":58,"code":40503,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"8.5\n",[15,40505,40506],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40507,40508],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40509,40503],{"class":96},[1059,40511,40513],{"id":40512},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40515,40516],{},"Boolean values also work:",[56,40518,40520],{"className":58,"code":40519,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40521,40522,40536],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40523,40524,40526,40528,40530,40532,40534],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40525,165],{"class":164},[65,40527,168],{"class":79},[65,40529,2338],{"class":1368},[65,40531,168],{"class":79},[65,40533,3753],{"class":4005},[65,40535,1870],{"class":79},[65,40537,40538,40540,40542,40544,40546,40548],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,40539,165],{"class":164},[65,40541,168],{"class":79},[65,40543,2338],{"class":1368},[65,40545,168],{"class":79},[65,40547,3827],{"class":4005},[65,40549,1870],{"class":79},[20,40551,191],{},[56,40553,40555],{"className":58,"code":40554,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40556,40557,40561],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40558,40559],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40560,40100],{"class":96},[65,40562,40563],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,40564,40286],{"class":96},[1059,40566,40568],{"id":40567},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40570,40571,40572,40574],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40573,3030],{}," returns a float version of it:",[56,40576,40578],{"className":58,"code":40577,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40579,40580],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40581,40582,40584,40586,40588,40590,40592],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40583,165],{"class":164},[65,40585,168],{"class":79},[65,40587,2338],{"class":1368},[65,40589,168],{"class":79},[65,40591,2508],{"class":96},[65,40593,1870],{"class":79},[20,40595,191],{},[56,40597,40598],{"className":58,"code":2532,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,40599,40600],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40601,40602],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40603,2532],{"class":96},[51,40605,40607],{"id":40606},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40609,40610,40611,144],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40612,3030],{},[1059,40614,40616],{"id":40615},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40618,40619,40620,93],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40621,40622],{},"ValueError",[56,40624,40626],{"className":58,"code":40625,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40627,40628],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40629,40630,40632,40634,40636,40638,40640,40642,40644],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40631,165],{"class":164},[65,40633,168],{"class":79},[65,40635,2338],{"class":1368},[65,40637,168],{"class":79},[65,40639,84],{"class":83},[65,40641,3998],{"class":87},[65,40643,84],{"class":83},[65,40645,1870],{"class":79},[20,40647,1358],{},[56,40649,40651],{"className":58,"code":40650,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40652,40653],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40654,40655,40657,40659,40662,40664,40667,40669,40671,40673,40675],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40656,40622],{"class":1368},[65,40658,93],{"class":79},[65,40660,40661],{"class":71}," could ",[65,40663,1014],{"class":75},[65,40665,40666],{"class":71}," convert string to ",[65,40668,2338],{"class":1368},[65,40670,93],{"class":79},[65,40672,233],{"class":83},[65,40674,3998],{"class":87},[65,40676,1379],{"class":83},[20,40678,40679],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[56,40681,40683],{"className":58,"code":40682,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40684,40685],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40686,40687,40689,40691,40693,40695,40697],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40688,165],{"class":164},[65,40690,168],{"class":79},[65,40692,2338],{"class":1368},[65,40694,168],{"class":79},[65,40696,6425],{"class":83},[65,40698,1870],{"class":79},[1059,40700,40702],{"id":40701},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40704,40705],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[56,40707,40709],{"className":58,"code":40708,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40710,40711],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40712,40713,40715,40717,40719,40721,40723,40725,40727,40729,40731],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40714,165],{"class":164},[65,40716,168],{"class":79},[65,40718,2338],{"class":1368},[65,40720,3132],{"class":79},[65,40722,3135],{"class":96},[65,40724,100],{"class":79},[65,40726,113],{"class":96},[65,40728,100],{"class":79},[65,40730,127],{"class":96},[65,40732,3146],{"class":79},[20,40734,1358],{},[56,40736,40738],{"className":58,"code":40737,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40739,40740],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40741,40742,40744,40746,40748,40750,40753,40756,40759,40761,40763,40765,40767],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40743,3152],{"class":1368},[65,40745,93],{"class":79},[65,40747,40173],{"class":1368},[65,40749,7515],{"class":79},[65,40751,40752],{"class":71}," argument must be a string ",[65,40754,40755],{"class":75},"or",[65,40757,40758],{"class":71}," a real number",[65,40760,100],{"class":79},[65,40762,8250],{"class":75},[65,40764,233],{"class":83},[65,40766,8244],{"class":87},[65,40768,1379],{"class":83},[1059,40770,40772],{"id":40771},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40774,40775],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[56,40777,40779],{"className":58,"code":40778,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40780,40781],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40782,40783,40785,40787,40789,40791,40793,40796,40798],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40784,165],{"class":164},[65,40786,168],{"class":79},[65,40788,2338],{"class":1368},[65,40790,168],{"class":79},[65,40792,84],{"class":83},[65,40794,40795],{"class":87},"3,14",[65,40797,84],{"class":83},[65,40799,1870],{"class":79},[20,40801,3149,40802,144],{},[15,40803,40622],{},[20,40805,40806,40807,1048,40811,144],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[88,40808,40810],{"href":40809},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[88,40812,40814],{"href":40813},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[51,40816,17533],{"id":17532},[20,40818,40819,40821],{},[15,40820,3030],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40823,40824,40825,40827],{},"It does ",[46,40826,1014],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40829,350],{},[56,40831,40833],{"className":58,"code":40832,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40834,40835,40848,40862,40866,40876,40886,40900],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40836,40837,40839,40841,40843,40846],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40838,34600],{"class":71},[65,40840,76],{"class":75},[65,40842,103],{"class":83},[65,40844,40845],{"class":87},"6.5",[65,40847,1650],{"class":83},[65,40849,40850,40852,40854,40856,40858,40860],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,40851,2363],{"class":71},[65,40853,76],{"class":75},[65,40855,40173],{"class":1368},[65,40857,168],{"class":79},[65,40859,34621],{"class":147},[65,40861,174],{"class":79},[65,40863,40864],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,40865,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,40867,40868,40870,40872,40874],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,40869,165],{"class":164},[65,40871,168],{"class":79},[65,40873,34621],{"class":147},[65,40875,174],{"class":79},[65,40877,40878,40880,40882,40884],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,40879,165],{"class":164},[65,40881,168],{"class":79},[65,40883,2385],{"class":147},[65,40885,174],{"class":79},[65,40887,40888,40890,40892,40894,40896,40898],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,40889,165],{"class":164},[65,40891,168],{"class":79},[65,40893,3370],{"class":1368},[65,40895,168],{"class":79},[65,40897,34621],{"class":147},[65,40899,1870],{"class":79},[65,40901,40902,40904,40906,40908,40910,40912],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,40903,165],{"class":164},[65,40905,168],{"class":79},[65,40907,3370],{"class":1368},[65,40909,168],{"class":79},[65,40911,2385],{"class":147},[65,40913,1870],{"class":79},[20,40915,191],{},[56,40917,40919],{"className":58,"code":40918,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40920,40921,40926,40930,40944],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40922,40923],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40924,40925],{"class":96},"6.5\n",[65,40927,40928],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,40929,40925],{"class":96},[65,40931,40932,40934,40936,40938,40940,40942],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,40933,3439],{"class":75},[65,40935,3442],{"class":1696},[65,40937,233],{"class":83},[65,40939,3591],{"class":87},[65,40941,203],{"class":83},[65,40943,3451],{"class":75},[65,40945,40946,40948,40950,40952,40954,40956],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,40947,3439],{"class":75},[65,40949,3442],{"class":1696},[65,40951,233],{"class":83},[65,40953,2338],{"class":87},[65,40955,203],{"class":83},[65,40957,3451],{"class":75},[20,40959,40960],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[51,40962,40964],{"id":40963},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1059,40966,40968,40969,40971],{"id":40967},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40970,3104],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40973,22,40974,40978,40979,144],{},[88,40975,40976,2448],{"href":8370},[15,40977,3104],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40980,3030],{},[56,40982,40984],{"className":58,"code":40983,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40985,40986,41005,41019,41023],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,40987,40988,40990,40992,40994,40996,40998,41001,41003],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,40989,8388],{"class":71},[65,40991,76],{"class":75},[65,40993,8393],{"class":164},[65,40995,168],{"class":79},[65,40997,84],{"class":83},[65,40999,41000],{"class":87},"Enter a price: ",[65,41002,84],{"class":83},[65,41004,174],{"class":79},[65,41006,41007,41009,41011,41013,41015,41017],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,41008,40305],{"class":71},[65,41010,76],{"class":75},[65,41012,40173],{"class":1368},[65,41014,168],{"class":79},[65,41016,8417],{"class":147},[65,41018,174],{"class":79},[65,41020,41021],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,41022,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,41024,41025,41027,41029,41031,41033,41035],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,41026,165],{"class":164},[65,41028,168],{"class":79},[65,41030,40305],{"class":147},[65,41032,39790],{"class":75},[65,41034,113],{"class":96},[65,41036,174],{"class":79},[20,41038,41039,41040,41043],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41041,41042],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[56,41045,41047],{"className":58,"code":41046,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"9.0\n",[15,41048,41049],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41050,41051],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41052,41046],{"class":96},[20,41054,41055,41056,144],{},"For more help with this, see ",[88,41057,9132],{"href":9131},[1059,41059,41061],{"id":41060},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[56,41063,41065],{"className":58,"code":41064,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41066,41067,41080,41093,41097,41122],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41068,41069,41071,41073,41075,41078],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41070,2700],{"class":71},[65,41072,76],{"class":75},[65,41074,103],{"class":83},[65,41076,41077],{"class":87},"2.5",[65,41079,1650],{"class":83},[65,41081,41082,41084,41086,41088,41091],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,41083,2728],{"class":71},[65,41085,76],{"class":75},[65,41087,103],{"class":83},[65,41089,41090],{"class":87},"1.5",[65,41092,1650],{"class":83},[65,41094,41095],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,41096,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,41098,41099,41102,41104,41106,41108,41110,41112,41114,41116,41118,41120],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,41100,41101],{"class":71},"total ",[65,41103,76],{"class":75},[65,41105,40173],{"class":1368},[65,41107,168],{"class":79},[65,41109,88],{"class":147},[65,41111,3813],{"class":79},[65,41113,2599],{"class":75},[65,41115,40173],{"class":1368},[65,41117,168],{"class":79},[65,41119,106],{"class":147},[65,41121,174],{"class":79},[65,41123,41124,41126,41128,41131],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,41125,165],{"class":164},[65,41127,168],{"class":79},[65,41129,41130],{"class":147},"total",[65,41132,174],{"class":79},[20,41134,191],{},[56,41136,41138],{"className":58,"code":41137,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"4.0\n",[15,41139,41140],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41141,41142],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41143,41137],{"class":96},[1059,41145,41147],{"id":41146},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41149,41150],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[56,41152,41154],{"className":58,"code":41153,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41155,41156,41166,41181,41185],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41157,41158,41161,41163],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41159,41160],{"class":71},"count ",[65,41162,76],{"class":75},[65,41164,41165],{"class":96}," 7\n",[65,41167,41168,41170,41172,41174,41176,41179],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,41169,401],{"class":71},[65,41171,76],{"class":75},[65,41173,40173],{"class":1368},[65,41175,168],{"class":79},[65,41177,41178],{"class":147},"count",[65,41180,174],{"class":79},[65,41182,41183],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,41184,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,41186,41187,41189,41191,41193],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,41188,165],{"class":164},[65,41190,168],{"class":79},[65,41192,425],{"class":147},[65,41194,174],{"class":79},[20,41196,191],{},[56,41198,41200],{"className":58,"code":41199,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"7.0\n",[15,41201,41202],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41203,41204],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41205,41199],{"class":96},[1059,41207,41209],{"id":41208},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41211,41212,41213,41215],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41214,3030],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[56,41217,41219],{"className":58,"code":41218,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41220,41221,41235,41251,41255],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41222,41223,41226,41228,41230,41233],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41224,41225],{"class":71},"temperature_text ",[65,41227,76],{"class":75},[65,41229,103],{"class":83},[65,41231,41232],{"class":87},"21.8",[65,41234,1650],{"class":83},[65,41236,41237,41240,41242,41244,41246,41249],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,41238,41239],{"class":71},"temperature ",[65,41241,76],{"class":75},[65,41243,40173],{"class":1368},[65,41245,168],{"class":79},[65,41247,41248],{"class":147},"temperature_text",[65,41250,174],{"class":79},[65,41252,41253],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,41254,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,41256,41257,41259,41261,41264],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,41258,165],{"class":164},[65,41260,168],{"class":79},[65,41262,41263],{"class":147},"temperature",[65,41265,174],{"class":79},[51,41267,41269],{"id":41268},"special-values","Special values",[20,41271,41272,41274],{},[15,41273,3030],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1059,41276,41278],{"id":41277},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[56,41280,41282],{"className":58,"code":41281,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41283,41284],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41285,41286,41288,41290,41292,41294,41296,41299,41301],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41287,165],{"class":164},[65,41289,168],{"class":79},[65,41291,2338],{"class":1368},[65,41293,168],{"class":79},[65,41295,84],{"class":83},[65,41297,41298],{"class":87},"inf",[65,41300,84],{"class":83},[65,41302,1870],{"class":79},[20,41304,191],{},[56,41306,41308],{"className":58,"code":41307,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"inf\n",[15,41309,41310],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41311,41312],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41313,41307],{"class":71},[1059,41315,41317],{"id":41316},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[56,41319,41321],{"className":58,"code":41320,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41322,41323],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41324,41325,41327,41329,41331,41333,41335,41338,41340],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41326,165],{"class":164},[65,41328,168],{"class":79},[65,41330,2338],{"class":1368},[65,41332,168],{"class":79},[65,41334,84],{"class":83},[65,41336,41337],{"class":87},"-inf",[65,41339,84],{"class":83},[65,41341,1870],{"class":79},[20,41343,191],{},[56,41345,41347],{"className":58,"code":41346,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"-inf\n",[15,41348,41349],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41350,41351,41353],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41352,2169],{"class":75},[65,41354,41307],{"class":71},[1059,41356,41358],{"id":41357},"not-a-number","Not a number",[56,41360,41362],{"className":58,"code":41361,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41363,41364],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41365,41366,41368,41370,41372,41374,41376,41379,41381],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41367,165],{"class":164},[65,41369,168],{"class":79},[65,41371,2338],{"class":1368},[65,41373,168],{"class":79},[65,41375,84],{"class":83},[65,41377,41378],{"class":87},"nan",[65,41380,84],{"class":83},[65,41382,1870],{"class":79},[20,41384,191],{},[56,41386,41388],{"className":58,"code":41387,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"nan\n",[15,41389,41390],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41391,41392],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41393,41387],{"class":71},[20,41395,41396],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[30,41398,41399,41404,41409],{},[33,41400,41401,41403],{},[15,41402,41298],{}," means positive infinity",[33,41405,41406,41408],{},[15,41407,41337],{}," means negative infinity",[33,41410,41411,41413],{},[15,41412,41378],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41415,41416,41417,41419],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41418,3030],{}," accepts them.",[51,41421,41423],{"id":41422},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41425,41426,41427,41429],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41428,3030],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1059,41431,40622],{"id":41432},"valueerror",[20,41434,15315,41435,41437],{},[15,41436,40622],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41439,41440],{},"Common causes:",[30,41442,41443,41449,41452,41455],{},[33,41444,41445,41446],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41447,41448],{},"\"abc\"",[33,41450,41451],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[33,41453,41454],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[33,41456,1812,41457],{},[88,41458,41459,41461],{"href":8370},[15,41460,3104],{}," returns a string",[20,41463,350],{},[56,41465,41467],{"className":58,"code":41466,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41468,41469,41482],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41470,41471,41473,41475,41477,41480],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41472,1189],{"class":71},[65,41474,76],{"class":75},[65,41476,103],{"class":83},[65,41478,41479],{"class":87},"abc",[65,41481,1650],{"class":83},[65,41483,41484,41486,41488,41490,41492,41494],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,41485,165],{"class":164},[65,41487,168],{"class":79},[65,41489,2338],{"class":1368},[65,41491,168],{"class":79},[65,41493,1714],{"class":147},[65,41495,1870],{"class":79},[1059,41497,3152],{"id":41498},"typeerror",[20,41500,15315,41501,41503],{},[15,41502,3152],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41505,41440],{},[30,41507,41508,41511,41514],{},[33,41509,41510],{},"Passing a list",[33,41512,41513],{},"Passing a dictionary",[33,41515,41516],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41518,350],{},[56,41520,41522],{"className":58,"code":41521,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41523,41524,41549],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41525,41526,41528,41530,41532,41534,41536,41538,41540,41542,41545,41547],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41527,1189],{"class":71},[65,41529,76],{"class":75},[65,41531,80],{"class":79},[65,41533,84],{"class":83},[65,41535,25257],{"class":87},[65,41537,84],{"class":83},[65,41539,93],{"class":79},[65,41541,103],{"class":83},[65,41543,41544],{"class":87},"9.99",[65,41546,84],{"class":83},[65,41548,130],{"class":79},[65,41550,41551,41553,41555,41557,41559,41561],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,41552,165],{"class":164},[65,41554,168],{"class":79},[65,41556,2338],{"class":1368},[65,41558,168],{"class":79},[65,41560,1714],{"class":147},[65,41562,1870],{"class":79},[1059,41564,41566],{"id":41565},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41568,41569,41570,41573],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41571,41572],{},"strip()"," can help:",[56,41575,41577],{"className":58,"code":41576,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41578,41579,41592,41607,41611],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41580,41581,41583,41585,41587,41590],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41582,1189],{"class":71},[65,41584,76],{"class":75},[65,41586,103],{"class":83},[65,41588,41589],{"class":87},"  7.25  ",[65,41591,1650],{"class":83},[65,41593,41594,41597,41599,41601,41603,41605],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,41595,41596],{"class":71},"clean_value ",[65,41598,76],{"class":75},[65,41600,821],{"class":71},[65,41602,144],{"class":79},[65,41604,8785],{"class":147},[65,41606,151],{"class":79},[65,41608,41609],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,41610,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,41612,41613,41615,41617,41619,41621,41624],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,41614,165],{"class":164},[65,41616,168],{"class":79},[65,41618,2338],{"class":1368},[65,41620,168],{"class":79},[65,41622,41623],{"class":147},"clean_value",[65,41625,1870],{"class":79},[20,41627,191],{},[56,41629,41631],{"className":58,"code":41630,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"7.25\n",[15,41632,41633],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41634,41635],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41636,41630],{"class":96},[1059,41638,41640],{"id":41639},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41642,41643],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[56,41645,41647],{"className":58,"code":41646,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41648,41649,41662,41666,41676,41690,41705,41709,41723],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41650,41651,41653,41655,41657,41660],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41652,1189],{"class":71},[65,41654,76],{"class":75},[65,41656,103],{"class":83},[65,41658,41659],{"class":87}," 3.5 ",[65,41661,1650],{"class":83},[65,41663,41664],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,41665,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,41667,41668,41670,41672,41674],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,41669,165],{"class":164},[65,41671,168],{"class":79},[65,41673,1714],{"class":147},[65,41675,174],{"class":79},[65,41677,41678,41680,41682,41684,41686,41688],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,41679,165],{"class":164},[65,41681,168],{"class":79},[65,41683,3370],{"class":1368},[65,41685,168],{"class":79},[65,41687,1714],{"class":147},[65,41689,1870],{"class":79},[65,41691,41692,41694,41696,41699,41701,41703],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,41693,165],{"class":164},[65,41695,168],{"class":79},[65,41697,41698],{"class":164},"repr",[65,41700,168],{"class":79},[65,41702,1714],{"class":147},[65,41704,1870],{"class":79},[65,41706,41707],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,41708,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,41710,41711,41713,41715,41717,41719,41721],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,41712,41596],{"class":71},[65,41714,76],{"class":75},[65,41716,821],{"class":71},[65,41718,144],{"class":79},[65,41720,8785],{"class":147},[65,41722,151],{"class":79},[65,41724,41725,41727,41729,41731,41733,41735],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,41726,165],{"class":164},[65,41728,168],{"class":79},[65,41730,2338],{"class":1368},[65,41732,168],{"class":79},[65,41734,41623],{"class":147},[65,41736,1870],{"class":79},[20,41738,41739],{},"Why this helps:",[30,41741,41742,41748,41753,41759],{},[33,41743,41744,41747],{},[15,41745,41746],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[33,41749,41750,21483],{},[15,41751,41752],{},"print(type(value))",[33,41754,41755,41758],{},[15,41756,41757],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[33,41760,41761,41763],{},[15,41762,41572],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1059,41765,41767],{"id":41766},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41769,41770],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[56,41772,41774],{"className":58,"code":41773,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41775,41776,41795,41799,41805,41820,41839,41848],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41777,41778,41780,41782,41784,41786,41788,41791,41793],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41779,1189],{"class":71},[65,41781,76],{"class":75},[65,41783,8393],{"class":164},[65,41785,168],{"class":79},[65,41787,84],{"class":83},[65,41789,41790],{"class":87},"Enter a number: ",[65,41792,84],{"class":83},[65,41794,174],{"class":79},[65,41796,41797],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,41798,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,41800,41801,41803],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,41802,1488],{"class":1405},[65,41804,1411],{"class":79},[65,41806,41807,41810,41812,41814,41816,41818],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,41808,41809],{"class":71},"    number ",[65,41811,76],{"class":75},[65,41813,40173],{"class":1368},[65,41815,168],{"class":79},[65,41817,1714],{"class":147},[65,41819,174],{"class":79},[65,41821,41822,41824,41826,41828,41831,41833,41835,41837],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,41823,1431],{"class":164},[65,41825,168],{"class":79},[65,41827,84],{"class":83},[65,41829,41830],{"class":87},"Converted:",[65,41832,84],{"class":83},[65,41834,100],{"class":79},[65,41836,2343],{"class":147},[65,41838,174],{"class":79},[65,41840,41841,41843,41846],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,41842,1519],{"class":1405},[65,41844,41845],{"class":1368}," ValueError",[65,41847,1411],{"class":79},[65,41849,41850,41852,41854,41856,41859,41861],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,41851,1431],{"class":164},[65,41853,168],{"class":79},[65,41855,84],{"class":83},[65,41857,41858],{"class":87},"That is not a valid number.",[65,41860,84],{"class":83},[65,41862,174],{"class":79},[20,41864,41865,41866,144],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[88,41867,40814],{"href":40813},[51,41869,41871],{"id":41870},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41873,10734,41874,1048,41876,41878],{},[15,41875,3030],{},[15,41877,3023],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41880,41881,41883],{},[15,41882,3030],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[56,41885,41887],{"className":58,"code":41886,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41888,41889],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41890,41891,41893,41895,41897,41899,41901,41904,41906],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41892,165],{"class":164},[65,41894,168],{"class":79},[65,41896,2338],{"class":1368},[65,41898,168],{"class":79},[65,41900,84],{"class":83},[65,41902,41903],{"class":87},"3.9",[65,41905,84],{"class":83},[65,41907,1870],{"class":79},[20,41909,191],{},[56,41911,41913],{"className":58,"code":41912,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"3.9\n",[15,41914,41915],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41916,41917],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41918,41912],{"class":96},[20,41920,41921,41923],{},[15,41922,3023],{}," creates whole numbers:",[56,41925,41927],{"className":58,"code":41926,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41928,41929],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41930,41931,41933,41935,41937,41939,41941,41943,41945],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41932,165],{"class":164},[65,41934,168],{"class":79},[65,41936,2335],{"class":1368},[65,41938,168],{"class":79},[65,41940,84],{"class":83},[65,41942,2476],{"class":87},[65,41944,84],{"class":83},[65,41946,1870],{"class":79},[20,41948,191],{},[56,41950,41951],{"className":58,"code":2522,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,41952,41953],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41954,41955],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41956,2522],{"class":96},[20,41958,41959,41960,41963],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41961,41962],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[56,41965,41967],{"className":58,"code":41966,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41968,41969],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,41970,41971,41973,41975,41977,41979,41981,41983,41985],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,41972,165],{"class":164},[65,41974,168],{"class":79},[65,41976,2335],{"class":1368},[65,41978,168],{"class":79},[65,41980,84],{"class":83},[65,41982,41903],{"class":87},[65,41984,84],{"class":83},[65,41986,1870],{"class":79},[20,41988,3149,41989,8752,41991,41994],{},[15,41990,40622],{},[15,41992,41993],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41996,10857],{},[30,41998,41999,42005],{},[33,42000,42001,42004],{},[15,42002,42003],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[33,42006,42007,42009],{},[15,42008,41962],{}," fails",[20,42011,42012,42013,42016,42017,42019],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[88,42014,42015],{"href":3020},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[88,42018,2566],{"href":2565}," helpful.",[51,42021,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,42023,42025],{"id":42024},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42027,42028,42029,3024,42031,144],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42030,2636],{},[15,42032,40061],{},[1059,42034,42036],{"id":42035},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42038,42039,42040,3024,42043,144],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42041,42042],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42044,42045],{},"\"10\"",[1059,42047,42049],{"id":42048},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42051,707,42052,42054,42055,144],{},[15,42053,41448],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42056,40622],{},[1059,42058,42060],{"id":42059},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42062,5298,42063,144],{},[15,42064,3920],{},[1059,42066,42068],{"id":42067},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42070,42071,42072,42074,42075,1048,42078,42074,42080,144],{},"Yes. ",[15,42073,3753],{}," becomes ",[15,42076,42077],{},"1.0",[15,42079,3827],{},[15,42081,3920],{},[51,42083,2015],{"id":2014},[30,42085,42086,42090,42096,42101,42105,42109],{},[33,42087,42088],{},[88,42089,42015],{"href":3020},[33,42091,42092],{},[88,42093,42095],{"href":42094},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[33,42097,42098],{},[88,42099,42100],{"href":40809},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[33,42102,42103],{},[88,42104,9209],{"href":9131},[33,42106,42107],{},[88,42108,40814],{"href":40813},[33,42110,42111],{},[88,42112,42113],{"href":8370},"Python input() Function Explained",[2071,42115,42116],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":42118},[42119,42120,42121,42122,42129,42134,42135,42142,42147,42154,42155,42162],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":40108,"depth":133,"text":40109},{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":40333,"depth":133,"text":40334,"children":42123},[42124,42125,42126,42127,42128],{"id":40342,"depth":154,"text":40343},{"id":40406,"depth":154,"text":40407},{"id":40470,"depth":154,"text":40471},{"id":40512,"depth":154,"text":40513},{"id":40567,"depth":154,"text":40568},{"id":40606,"depth":133,"text":40607,"children":42130},[42131,42132,42133],{"id":40615,"depth":154,"text":40616},{"id":40701,"depth":154,"text":40702},{"id":40771,"depth":154,"text":40772},{"id":17532,"depth":133,"text":17533},{"id":40963,"depth":133,"text":40964,"children":42136},[42137,42139,42140,42141],{"id":40967,"depth":154,"text":42138},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41060,"depth":154,"text":41061},{"id":41146,"depth":154,"text":41147},{"id":41208,"depth":154,"text":41209},{"id":41268,"depth":133,"text":41269,"children":42143},[42144,42145,42146],{"id":41277,"depth":154,"text":41278},{"id":41316,"depth":154,"text":41317},{"id":41357,"depth":154,"text":41358},{"id":41422,"depth":133,"text":41423,"children":42148},[42149,42150,42151,42152,42153],{"id":41432,"depth":154,"text":40622},{"id":41498,"depth":154,"text":3152},{"id":41565,"depth":154,"text":41566},{"id":41639,"depth":154,"text":41640},{"id":41766,"depth":154,"text":41767},{"id":41870,"depth":133,"text":41871},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":42156},[42157,42158,42159,42160,42161],{"id":42024,"depth":154,"text":42025},{"id":42035,"depth":154,"text":42036},{"id":42048,"depth":154,"text":42049},{"id":42059,"depth":154,"text":42060},{"id":42067,"depth":154,"text":42068},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40009,"description":42163},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42170,"title":42171,"body":42172,"description":43393,"extension":2111,"meta":43394,"navigation":157,"path":34937,"seo":43395,"stem":43396,"__hash__":43397},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42173,"toc":43359},[42174,42177,42182,42185,42187,42226,42240,42244,42249,42252,42269,42272,42282,42297,42300,42302,42305,42321,42324,42327,42347,42351,42362,42365,42369,42373,42387,42422,42426,42437,42472,42475,42477,42485,42518,42534,42536,42546,42567,42578,42580,42585,42588,42602,42604,42623,42626,42639,42642,42646,42650,42664,42667,42685,42688,42703,42707,42712,42726,42732,42734,42791,42793,42826,42829,42845,42849,42856,42860,42865,42868,42879,42883,42888,42903,42912,42917,42936,42939,42951,42953,42958,42968,42971,43000,43005,43014,43018,43023,43026,43030,43035,43037,43067,43070,43077,43082,43087,43091,43094,43102,43105,43183,43186,43208,43210,43214,43217,43221,43227,43290,43294,43302,43306,43309,43311,43336,43356],[10,42175,42171],{"id":42176},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42178,3731,42179,42181],{},[15,42180,34940],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42183,42184],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[51,42186,54],{"id":53},[56,42188,42190],{"className":58,"code":42189,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42191,42192,42202,42212],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42193,42194,42196,42198,42200],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42195,32063],{"class":164},[65,42197,168],{"class":79},[65,42199,1863],{"class":164},[65,42201,174],{"class":79},[65,42203,42204,42206,42208,42210],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,42205,32063],{"class":164},[65,42207,168],{"class":79},[65,42209,3591],{"class":1368},[65,42211,174],{"class":79},[65,42213,42214,42216,42218,42220,42222,42224],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,42215,32063],{"class":164},[65,42217,168],{"class":79},[65,42219,203],{"class":83},[65,42221,34571],{"class":87},[65,42223,203],{"class":83},[65,42225,174],{"class":79},[20,42227,1309,42228,42230,42231,3024,42233,42235,42236,42239],{},[15,42229,34940],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42232,1863],{},[15,42234,3591],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42237,42238],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[51,42241,42243],{"id":42242},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42245,42246,42248],{},[15,42247,34940],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42250,42251],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[30,42253,42254,42257,42260,42263,42266],{},[33,42255,42256],{},"Functions",[33,42258,42259],{},"Classes",[33,42261,42262],{},"Methods",[33,42264,42265],{},"Modules",[33,42267,42268],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42270,42271],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42273,42274,42275,42281],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[88,42276,42278],{"href":42277},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42279,42280],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[56,42283,42285],{"className":58,"code":42284,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(len)\n",[15,42286,42287],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42288,42289,42291,42293,42295],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42290,32063],{"class":164},[65,42292,168],{"class":79},[65,42294,1863],{"class":164},[65,42296,174],{"class":79},[20,42298,42299],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[51,42301,283],{"id":282},[20,42303,42304],{},"The main form is:",[56,42306,42308],{"className":58,"code":42307,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(object)\n",[15,42309,42310],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42311,42312,42314,42316,42319],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42313,32063],{"class":164},[65,42315,168],{"class":79},[65,42317,42318],{"class":1368},"object",[65,42320,174],{"class":79},[20,42322,42323],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42325,42326],{},"Common examples include:",[30,42328,42329,42333,42338,42342],{},[33,42330,42331],{},[15,42332,1863],{},[33,42334,42335],{},[15,42336,42337],{},"list.append",[33,42339,42340],{},[15,42341,3591],{},[33,42343,42344],{},[15,42345,42346],{},"open",[20,42348,7325,42349,7328],{},[15,42350,34940],{},[56,42352,42354],{"className":58,"code":42353,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help()\n",[15,42355,42356],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42357,42358,42360],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42359,32063],{"class":164},[65,42361,151],{"class":79},[20,42363,42364],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[51,42366,42368],{"id":42367},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1059,42370,42372],{"id":42371},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42374,42375,42376,1028,42378,1028,42380,1035,42383,144],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42377,1863],{},[15,42379,165],{},[15,42381,42382],{},"input",[88,42384,42385],{"href":2444},[15,42386,2447],{},[56,42388,42390],{"className":58,"code":42389,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42391,42392,42402,42412],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42393,42394,42396,42398,42400],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42395,32063],{"class":164},[65,42397,168],{"class":79},[65,42399,165],{"class":164},[65,42401,174],{"class":79},[65,42403,42404,42406,42408,42410],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,42405,32063],{"class":164},[65,42407,168],{"class":79},[65,42409,42382],{"class":164},[65,42411,174],{"class":79},[65,42413,42414,42416,42418,42420],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,42415,32063],{"class":164},[65,42417,168],{"class":79},[65,42419,3370],{"class":1368},[65,42421,174],{"class":79},[1059,42423,42425],{"id":42424},"data-types","Data types",[20,42427,42428,42429,1028,42431,1028,42433,1035,42435,144],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42430,3591],{},[15,42432,8244],{},[15,42434,8972],{},[15,42436,6440],{},[56,42438,42440],{"className":58,"code":42439,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42441,42442,42452,42462],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42443,42444,42446,42448,42450],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42445,32063],{"class":164},[65,42447,168],{"class":79},[65,42449,3591],{"class":1368},[65,42451,174],{"class":79},[65,42453,42454,42456,42458,42460],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,42455,32063],{"class":164},[65,42457,168],{"class":79},[65,42459,8244],{"class":1368},[65,42461,174],{"class":79},[65,42463,42464,42466,42468,42470],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,42465,32063],{"class":164},[65,42467,168],{"class":79},[65,42469,8972],{"class":1368},[65,42471,174],{"class":79},[20,42473,42474],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1059,42476,42262],{"id":34418},[20,42478,42479,42480,1048,42483,144],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42481,42482],{},"str.split",[15,42484,42337],{},[56,42486,42488],{"className":58,"code":42487,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42489,42490,42504],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42491,42492,42494,42496,42498,42500,42502],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42493,32063],{"class":164},[65,42495,168],{"class":79},[65,42497,3591],{"class":1368},[65,42499,144],{"class":79},[65,42501,34381],{"class":24857},[65,42503,174],{"class":79},[65,42505,42506,42508,42510,42512,42514,42516],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,42507,32063],{"class":164},[65,42509,168],{"class":79},[65,42511,8244],{"class":1368},[65,42513,144],{"class":79},[65,42515,13682],{"class":24857},[65,42517,174],{"class":79},[20,42519,42520,42521,8855,42523,28417,42528,42530,42531,42533],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42522,34940],{},[88,42524,42526],{"href":42525},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42527,34223],{},[15,42529,34223],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42532,34940],{}," explains one of them.",[1059,42535,42265],{"id":34571},[20,42537,42538,42539,1028,42541,1035,42543,144],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42540,18532],{},[15,42542,35103],{},[15,42544,42545],{},"os",[56,42547,42549],{"className":58,"code":42548,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42550,42551,42557],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42552,42553,42555],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42554,35004],{"class":1405},[65,42556,35007],{"class":71},[65,42558,42559,42561,42563,42565],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,42560,32063],{"class":164},[65,42562,168],{"class":79},[65,42564,18532],{"class":147},[65,42566,174],{"class":79},[20,42568,42569,42570,42574,42575,144],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[88,42571,42573],{"href":42572},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[88,42576,35070],{"href":42577},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[51,42579,34831],{"id":34830},[20,42581,42582,42584],{},[15,42583,34940],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42586,42587],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[30,42589,42590,42593,42596,42599],{},[33,42591,42592],{},"The function signature",[33,42594,42595],{},"The short description",[33,42597,42598],{},"Parameter names",[33,42600,42601],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42603,5624],{},[56,42605,42607],{"className":58,"code":42606,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42608,42609],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42610,42611,42613,42615,42617,42619,42621],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42612,32063],{"class":164},[65,42614,168],{"class":79},[65,42616,3591],{"class":1368},[65,42618,144],{"class":79},[65,42620,34381],{"class":24857},[65,42622,174],{"class":79},[20,42624,42625],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[30,42627,42628,42631,42634,42636],{},[33,42629,42630],{},"What object this is",[33,42632,42633],{},"What arguments it accepts",[33,42635,22082],{},[33,42637,42638],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42640,42641],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[51,42643,42645],{"id":42644},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42647,42648,1560],{},[15,42649,34940],{},[30,42651,42652,42655,42658,42661],{},[33,42653,42654],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[33,42656,42657],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[33,42659,42660],{},"You are exploring a new module",[33,42662,42663],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42665,42666],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[56,42668,42669],{"className":58,"code":42606,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,42670,42671],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42672,42673,42675,42677,42679,42681,42683],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42674,32063],{"class":164},[65,42676,168],{"class":79},[65,42678,3591],{"class":1368},[65,42680,144],{"class":79},[65,42682,34381],{"class":24857},[65,42684,174],{"class":79},[20,42686,42687],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[56,42689,42691],{"className":58,"code":42690,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(open)\n",[15,42692,42693],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42694,42695,42697,42699,42701],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42696,32063],{"class":164},[65,42698,168],{"class":79},[65,42700,42346],{"class":164},[65,42702,174],{"class":79},[51,42704,42706],{"id":42705},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42708,42709,42711],{},[15,42710,34940],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[30,42713,42714,42717,42720,42723],{},[33,42715,42716],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[33,42718,42719],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[33,42721,42722],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[33,42724,42725],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42727,42728,42729,42731],{},"So, ",[15,42730,34940],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42733,5624],{},[56,42735,42737],{"className":58,"code":42736,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42738,42739,42752,42776,42780],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42740,42741,42743,42745,42747,42750],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42742,34600],{"class":71},[65,42744,76],{"class":75},[65,42746,103],{"class":83},[65,42748,42749],{"class":87},"a,b,c",[65,42751,1650],{"class":83},[65,42753,42754,42757,42759,42762,42764,42766,42768,42770,42772,42774],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,42755,42756],{"class":71},"parts ",[65,42758,76],{"class":75},[65,42760,42761],{"class":71}," text",[65,42763,144],{"class":79},[65,42765,34381],{"class":147},[65,42767,168],{"class":79},[65,42769,84],{"class":83},[65,42771,100],{"class":87},[65,42773,84],{"class":83},[65,42775,174],{"class":79},[65,42777,42778],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,42779,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,42781,42782,42784,42786,42789],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,42783,165],{"class":164},[65,42785,168],{"class":79},[65,42787,42788],{"class":147},"parts",[65,42790,174],{"class":79},[20,42792,5711],{},[56,42794,42796],{"className":58,"code":42795,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42797,42798],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42799,42800,42802,42804,42806,42808,42810,42812,42814,42816,42818,42820,42822,42824],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42801,4054],{"class":79},[65,42803,203],{"class":83},[65,42805,88],{"class":87},[65,42807,203],{"class":83},[65,42809,100],{"class":79},[65,42811,233],{"class":83},[65,42813,106],{"class":87},[65,42815,203],{"class":83},[65,42817,100],{"class":79},[65,42819,233],{"class":83},[65,42821,120],{"class":87},[65,42823,203],{"class":83},[65,42825,3786],{"class":79},[20,42827,42828],{},"A good workflow is:",[340,42830,42831,42836,42839,42842],{},[33,42832,1309,42833,42835],{},[15,42834,34940],{}," to inspect something",[33,42837,42838],{},"Write a tiny example",[33,42840,42841],{},"Check the result",[33,42843,42844],{},"Repeat",[51,42846,42848],{"id":42847},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42850,42851,1048,42853,42855],{},[15,42852,34940],{},[15,42854,34223],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1059,42857,42858],{"id":32063},[15,42859,34940],{},[20,42861,1309,42862,42864],{},[15,42863,34940],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42866,42867],{},"It tells you:",[30,42869,42870,42873,42876],{},[33,42871,42872],{},"What something is",[33,42874,42875],{},"How to use it",[33,42877,42878],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1059,42880,42881],{"id":34284},[15,42882,34223],{},[20,42884,1309,42885,42887],{},[15,42886,34223],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[56,42889,42891],{"className":58,"code":42890,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dir(str)\n",[15,42892,42893],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42894,42895,42897,42899,42901],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42896,34284],{"class":164},[65,42898,168],{"class":79},[65,42900,3591],{"class":1368},[65,42902,174],{"class":79},[20,42904,42905,42906,1028,42908,1035,42910,144],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42907,34381],{},[15,42909,8785],{},[15,42911,8791],{},[20,42913,42914,42915,93],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42916,34940],{},[56,42918,42920],{"className":58,"code":42919,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42921,42922],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42923,42924,42926,42928,42930,42932,42934],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42925,32063],{"class":164},[65,42927,168],{"class":79},[65,42929,3591],{"class":1368},[65,42931,144],{"class":79},[65,42933,8791],{"class":24857},[65,42935,174],{"class":79},[20,42937,42938],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[30,42940,42941,42946],{},[33,42942,1309,42943,42945],{},[15,42944,34223],{}," to discover options",[33,42947,1309,42948,42950],{},[15,42949,34940],{}," to understand one option",[51,42952,1766],{"id":1765},[20,42954,42955,42956,144],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42957,34940],{},[1059,42959,8569,42961,42964,42965],{"id":42960},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42962,42963],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42966,42967],{},"help(len)",[20,42969,42970],{},"These are not always the same.",[56,42972,42974],{"className":58,"code":42973,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42975,42976,42986],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,42977,42978,42980,42982,42984],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,42979,32063],{"class":164},[65,42981,168],{"class":79},[65,42983,1863],{"class":164},[65,42985,174],{"class":79},[65,42987,42988,42990,42992,42994,42996,42998],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,42989,32063],{"class":164},[65,42991,168],{"class":79},[65,42993,203],{"class":83},[65,42995,1863],{"class":87},[65,42997,203],{"class":83},[65,42999,174],{"class":79},[20,43001,43002,43004],{},[15,43003,42967],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43006,43007,43009,43010,43013],{},[15,43008,42963],{}," treats ",[15,43011,43012],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1059,43015,43017],{"id":43016},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43019,43020,43022],{},[15,43021,34940],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43024,43025],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1059,43027,43029],{"id":43028},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43031,40261,43032,43034],{},[15,43033,34940],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43036,350],{},[56,43038,43040],{"className":58,"code":43039,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43041,43042,43052],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,43043,43044,43046,43048,43050],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,43045,32063],{"class":164},[65,43047,168],{"class":79},[65,43049,1863],{"class":164},[65,43051,174],{"class":79},[65,43053,43054,43056,43058,43060,43063,43065],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,43055,165],{"class":164},[65,43057,168],{"class":79},[65,43059,84],{"class":83},[65,43061,43062],{"class":87},"Done",[65,43064,84],{"class":83},[65,43066,174],{"class":79},[20,43068,43069],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1059,43071,37120,43073,8855,43075],{"id":43072},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43074,34940],{},[15,43076,34223],{},[20,43078,43079,43080,144],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43081,34223],{},[20,43083,43084,43085,144],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43086,34940],{},[51,43088,43090],{"id":43089},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43092,43093],{},"Open Python:",[56,43095,43096],{"className":58,"code":35456,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,43097,43098],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,43099,43100],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,43101,35456],{"class":71},[20,43103,43104],{},"Then test these commands:",[56,43106,43108],{"className":58,"code":43107,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43109,43110,43120,43134,43148,43158,43173],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,43111,43112,43114,43116,43118],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,43113,32063],{"class":164},[65,43115,168],{"class":79},[65,43117,1863],{"class":164},[65,43119,174],{"class":79},[65,43121,43122,43124,43126,43128,43130,43132],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,43123,32063],{"class":164},[65,43125,168],{"class":79},[65,43127,3591],{"class":1368},[65,43129,144],{"class":79},[65,43131,34381],{"class":24857},[65,43133,174],{"class":79},[65,43135,43136,43138,43140,43142,43144,43146],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,43137,32063],{"class":164},[65,43139,168],{"class":79},[65,43141,8244],{"class":1368},[65,43143,144],{"class":79},[65,43145,13682],{"class":24857},[65,43147,174],{"class":79},[65,43149,43150,43152,43154,43156],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,43151,32063],{"class":164},[65,43153,168],{"class":79},[65,43155,42346],{"class":164},[65,43157,174],{"class":79},[65,43159,43160,43162,43164,43166,43169,43171],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,43161,32063],{"class":164},[65,43163,168],{"class":79},[65,43165,203],{"class":83},[65,43167,43168],{"class":87},"keywords",[65,43170,203],{"class":83},[65,43172,174],{"class":79},[65,43174,43175,43177,43179,43181],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,43176,34284],{"class":164},[65,43178,168],{"class":79},[65,43180,3591],{"class":1368},[65,43182,174],{"class":79},[20,43184,43185],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[30,43187,43188,43191,43194,43197,43200,43203],{},[33,43189,43190],{},"A built-in function",[33,43192,43193],{},"A string method",[33,43195,43196],{},"A list method",[33,43198,43199],{},"A built-in file function",[33,43201,43202],{},"A special help topic",[33,43204,15315,43205,43207],{},[15,43206,34223],{}," example for comparison",[51,43209,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,43211,43213],{"id":43212},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43215,43216],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1059,43218,43220],{"id":43219},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43222,43223,43224,43226],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43225,34940],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[56,43228,43230],{"className":58,"code":43229,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43231,43232,43244,43257,43276,43280],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,43233,43234,43236,43238,43240,43242],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,43235,34764],{"class":1696},[65,43237,34768],{"class":34767},[65,43239,168],{"class":79},[65,43241,369],{"class":37579},[65,43243,8493],{"class":79},[65,43245,43246,43250,43254],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,43247,43249],{"class":43248},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[65,43251,43253],{"class":43252},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[65,43255,43256],{"class":43248},"\"\"\"\n",[65,43258,43259,43261,43264,43267,43269,43271,43273],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,43260,34775],{"class":1405},[65,43262,43263],{"class":1696}," f",[65,43265,43266],{"class":87},"\"Hello, ",[65,43268,218],{"class":96},[65,43270,369],{"class":71},[65,43272,1706],{"class":96},[65,43274,43275],{"class":87},"!\"\n",[65,43277,43278],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,43279,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,43281,43282,43284,43286,43288],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,43283,32063],{"class":164},[65,43285,168],{"class":79},[65,43287,34810],{"class":147},[65,43289,174],{"class":79},[1059,43291,43293],{"id":43292},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43295,43296,43298,43299,43301],{},[15,43297,42967],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43300,42963],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1059,43303,43305],{"id":43304},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43307,43308],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[51,43310,2015],{"id":2014},[30,43312,43313,43318,43322,43327,43332],{},[33,43314,43315],{},[88,43316,43317],{"href":42525},"Python dir() function explained",[33,43319,43320],{},[88,43321,8593],{"href":2444},[33,43323,43324],{},[88,43325,43326],{"href":42277},"Python len() function explained",[33,43328,43329],{},[88,43330,43331],{"href":42572},"How import works in Python",[33,43333,43334],{},[88,43335,35070],{"href":42577},[20,43337,43338,43339,43341,43342,1028,43344,1035,43346,43348,43349,3024,43352,43355],{},"Try ",[15,43340,34940],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43343,1863],{},[15,43345,165],{},[15,43347,42382],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43350,43351],{},"dir(str)",[15,43353,43354],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2071,43357,43358],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":43360},[43361,43362,43363,43364,43370,43371,43372,43373,43377,43385,43386,43392],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":42242,"depth":133,"text":42243},{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":42367,"depth":133,"text":42368,"children":43365},[43366,43367,43368,43369],{"id":42371,"depth":154,"text":42372},{"id":42424,"depth":154,"text":42425},{"id":34418,"depth":154,"text":42262},{"id":34571,"depth":154,"text":42265},{"id":34830,"depth":133,"text":34831},{"id":42644,"depth":133,"text":42645},{"id":42705,"depth":133,"text":42706},{"id":42847,"depth":133,"text":42848,"children":43374},[43375,43376],{"id":32063,"depth":154,"text":34940},{"id":34284,"depth":154,"text":34223},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":43378},[43379,43381,43382,43383],{"id":42960,"depth":154,"text":43380},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43016,"depth":154,"text":43017},{"id":43028,"depth":154,"text":43029},{"id":43072,"depth":154,"text":43384},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43089,"depth":133,"text":43090},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":43387},[43388,43389,43390,43391],{"id":43212,"depth":154,"text":43213},{"id":43219,"depth":154,"text":43220},{"id":43292,"depth":154,"text":43293},{"id":43304,"depth":154,"text":43305},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42171,"description":43393},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43399,"title":43400,"body":43401,"description":44763,"extension":2111,"meta":44764,"navigation":157,"path":44765,"seo":44766,"stem":44767,"__hash__":44768},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43402,"toc":44736},[43403,43409,43414,43420,43430,43489,43499,43510,43515,43521,43523,43541,43549,43551,43553,43568,43571,43582,43584,43675,43678,43682,43687,43708,43710,43821,43823,43850,43861,43865,43868,43951,43953,43961,43967,43973,43977,43980,44090,44092,44105,44108,44122,44130,44137,44142,44156,44162,44275,44277,44338,44341,44347,44353,44356,44378,44381,44451,44454,44486,44493,44495,44498,44516,44519,44531,44537,44539,44544,44570,44573,44645,44647,44653,44656,44662,44665,44671,44681,44687,44690,44697,44700,44702,44733],[10,43404,3724,43406,3728],{"id":43405},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43407,43408],{},"id()",[20,43410,32228,43411,43413],{},[15,43412,43408],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43415,43416,43417,43419],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43418,43408],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43421,1309,43422,43424,43425,43427,43428,144],{},[15,43423,43408],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[46,43426,1014],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43429,4845],{},[56,43431,43433],{"className":58,"code":43432,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43434,43435,43447,43461,43465,43475],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,43436,43437,43439,43441,43443,43445],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,43438,8027],{"class":71},[65,43440,76],{"class":75},[65,43442,103],{"class":83},[65,43444,7446],{"class":87},[65,43446,1650],{"class":83},[65,43448,43449,43451,43453,43455,43457,43459],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,43450,165],{"class":164},[65,43452,168],{"class":79},[65,43454,12783],{"class":164},[65,43456,168],{"class":79},[65,43458,369],{"class":147},[65,43460,1870],{"class":79},[65,43462,43463],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,43464,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,43466,43467,43470,43472],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,43468,43469],{"class":71},"other ",[65,43471,76],{"class":75},[65,43473,43474],{"class":71}," name\n",[65,43476,43477,43479,43481,43483,43485,43487],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,43478,165],{"class":164},[65,43480,168],{"class":79},[65,43482,12783],{"class":164},[65,43484,168],{"class":79},[65,43486,30653],{"class":147},[65,43488,1870],{"class":79},[20,43490,43491,43492,43495,43496,43498],{},"In this example, ",[15,43493,43494],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43497,43408],{}," values match.",[43500,43501,43502],"blockquote",{},[20,43503,1309,43504,43506,43507,43509],{},[15,43505,43408],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43508,4845],{}," for value comparison.",[51,43511,252,43513,255],{"id":43512},"what-id-does",[15,43514,43408],{},[20,43516,43517,43520],{},[15,43518,43519],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43522,13182],{},[30,43524,43525,43528,43535,43538],{},[33,43526,43527],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[33,43529,43530,43531,43534],{},"It shows ",[46,43532,43533],{},"object identity",", not object value",[33,43536,43537],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[33,43539,43540],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43542,43543,43544,43548],{},"This is closely related to how ",[88,43545,43547],{"href":43546},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[51,43550,283],{"id":282},[20,43552,5586],{},[56,43554,43556],{"className":58,"code":43555,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"id(object)\n",[15,43557,43558],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,43559,43560,43562,43564,43566],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,43561,12783],{"class":164},[65,43563,168],{"class":79},[65,43565,42318],{"class":1368},[65,43567,174],{"class":79},[20,43569,43570],{},"Important details:",[30,43572,43573,43576,43579],{},[33,43574,43575],{},"It takes one argument",[33,43577,43578],{},"It returns an integer",[33,43580,43581],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43583,350],{},[56,43585,43587],{"className":58,"code":43586,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43588,43589,43601,43609,43629,43633,43647,43661],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,43590,43591,43593,43595,43597,43599],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,43592,34600],{"class":71},[65,43594,76],{"class":75},[65,43596,103],{"class":83},[65,43598,3998],{"class":87},[65,43600,1650],{"class":83},[65,43602,43603,43605,43607],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,43604,2363],{"class":71},[65,43606,76],{"class":75},[65,43608,2915],{"class":96},[65,43610,43611,43613,43615,43617,43619,43621,43623,43625,43627],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,43612,7929],{"class":71},[65,43614,76],{"class":75},[65,43616,3773],{"class":79},[65,43618,3135],{"class":96},[65,43620,100],{"class":79},[65,43622,113],{"class":96},[65,43624,100],{"class":79},[65,43626,127],{"class":96},[65,43628,3786],{"class":79},[65,43630,43631],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,43632,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,43634,43635,43637,43639,43641,43643,43645],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,43636,165],{"class":164},[65,43638,168],{"class":79},[65,43640,12783],{"class":164},[65,43642,168],{"class":79},[65,43644,34621],{"class":147},[65,43646,1870],{"class":79},[65,43648,43649,43651,43653,43655,43657,43659],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,43650,165],{"class":164},[65,43652,168],{"class":79},[65,43654,12783],{"class":164},[65,43656,168],{"class":79},[65,43658,2385],{"class":147},[65,43660,1870],{"class":79},[65,43662,43663,43665,43667,43669,43671,43673],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,43664,165],{"class":164},[65,43666,168],{"class":79},[65,43668,12783],{"class":164},[65,43670,168],{"class":79},[65,43672,7960],{"class":147},[65,43674,1870],{"class":79},[20,43676,43677],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[51,43679,43681],{"id":43680},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43683,43684,43685,144],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43686,43408],{},[30,43688,43689,43696,43703],{},[33,43690,43691,43693,43694],{},[15,43692,4845],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[46,43695,1714],{},[33,43697,43698,43700,43701],{},[15,43699,12329],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[46,43702,42318],{},[33,43704,43705,43707],{},[15,43706,43408],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43709,350],{},[56,43711,43713],{"className":58,"code":43712,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43714,43715,43735,43755,43759,43776,43793,43807],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,43716,43717,43719,43721,43723,43725,43727,43729,43731,43733],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,43718,2700],{"class":71},[65,43720,76],{"class":75},[65,43722,3773],{"class":79},[65,43724,3135],{"class":96},[65,43726,100],{"class":79},[65,43728,113],{"class":96},[65,43730,100],{"class":79},[65,43732,127],{"class":96},[65,43734,3786],{"class":79},[65,43736,43737,43739,43741,43743,43745,43747,43749,43751,43753],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,43738,2728],{"class":71},[65,43740,76],{"class":75},[65,43742,3773],{"class":79},[65,43744,3135],{"class":96},[65,43746,100],{"class":79},[65,43748,113],{"class":96},[65,43750,100],{"class":79},[65,43752,127],{"class":96},[65,43754,3786],{"class":79},[65,43756,43757],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,43758,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,43760,43761,43763,43765,43767,43769,43771,43773],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,43762,165],{"class":164},[65,43764,168],{"class":79},[65,43766,2700],{"class":147},[65,43768,4845],{"class":75},[65,43770,2705],{"class":147},[65,43772,3813],{"class":79},[65,43774,43775],{"class":3816},"   # True\n",[65,43777,43778,43780,43782,43784,43786,43788,43790],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,43779,165],{"class":164},[65,43781,168],{"class":79},[65,43783,2700],{"class":147},[65,43785,12329],{"class":1405},[65,43787,2705],{"class":147},[65,43789,3813],{"class":79},[65,43791,43792],{"class":3816},"   # False\n",[65,43794,43795,43797,43799,43801,43803,43805],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,43796,165],{"class":164},[65,43798,168],{"class":79},[65,43800,12783],{"class":164},[65,43802,168],{"class":79},[65,43804,88],{"class":147},[65,43806,1870],{"class":79},[65,43808,43809,43811,43813,43815,43817,43819],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,43810,165],{"class":164},[65,43812,168],{"class":79},[65,43814,12783],{"class":164},[65,43816,168],{"class":79},[65,43818,106],{"class":147},[65,43820,1870],{"class":79},[20,43822,2325],{},[30,43824,43825,43833,43841],{},[33,43826,43827,4939,43830,43832],{},[15,43828,43829],{},"a == b",[15,43831,3753],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[33,43834,43835,4939,43838,43840],{},[15,43836,43837],{},"a is b",[15,43839,3827],{}," because they are different list objects",[33,43842,43843,1048,43846,43849],{},[15,43844,43845],{},"id(a)",[15,43847,43848],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43851,43852,43853,1048,43857,144],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[88,43854,43856],{"href":43855},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[88,43858,43860],{"href":43859},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[51,43862,43864],{"id":43863},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43866,43867],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[56,43869,43871],{"className":58,"code":43870,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43872,43873,43893,43903,43907,43921,43936],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,43874,43875,43877,43879,43881,43883,43885,43887,43889,43891],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,43876,3768],{"class":71},[65,43878,76],{"class":75},[65,43880,3773],{"class":79},[65,43882,2476],{"class":96},[65,43884,100],{"class":79},[65,43886,7940],{"class":96},[65,43888,100],{"class":79},[65,43890,7945],{"class":96},[65,43892,3786],{"class":79},[65,43894,43895,43898,43900],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,43896,43897],{"class":71},"other_numbers ",[65,43899,76],{"class":75},[65,43901,43902],{"class":71}," numbers\n",[65,43904,43905],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,43906,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,43908,43909,43911,43913,43915,43917,43919],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,43910,165],{"class":164},[65,43912,168],{"class":79},[65,43914,12783],{"class":164},[65,43916,168],{"class":79},[65,43918,3800],{"class":147},[65,43920,1870],{"class":79},[65,43922,43923,43925,43927,43929,43931,43934],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,43924,165],{"class":164},[65,43926,168],{"class":79},[65,43928,12783],{"class":164},[65,43930,168],{"class":79},[65,43932,43933],{"class":147},"other_numbers",[65,43935,1870],{"class":79},[65,43937,43938,43940,43942,43944,43946,43949],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,43939,165],{"class":164},[65,43941,168],{"class":79},[65,43943,3768],{"class":147},[65,43945,12329],{"class":1405},[65,43947,43948],{"class":147}," other_numbers",[65,43950,174],{"class":79},[20,43952,5711],{},[56,43954,43955],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,43956,43957],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,43958,43959],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,43960,4134],{"class":4005},[20,43962,43963,43964,43966],{},"The two ",[15,43965,43408],{}," values will also match.",[20,43968,22299,43969,43972],{},[15,43970,43971],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[51,43974,43976],{"id":43975},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43978,43979],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[56,43981,43983],{"className":58,"code":43982,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43984,43985,44006,44027,44031,44046,44060,44075],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,43986,43987,43990,43992,43994,43996,43998,44000,44002,44004],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,43988,43989],{"class":71},"list_a ",[65,43991,76],{"class":75},[65,43993,3773],{"class":79},[65,43995,3135],{"class":96},[65,43997,100],{"class":79},[65,43999,113],{"class":96},[65,44001,100],{"class":79},[65,44003,127],{"class":96},[65,44005,3786],{"class":79},[65,44007,44008,44011,44013,44015,44017,44019,44021,44023,44025],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,44009,44010],{"class":71},"list_b ",[65,44012,76],{"class":75},[65,44014,3773],{"class":79},[65,44016,3135],{"class":96},[65,44018,100],{"class":79},[65,44020,113],{"class":96},[65,44022,100],{"class":79},[65,44024,127],{"class":96},[65,44026,3786],{"class":79},[65,44028,44029],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,44030,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,44032,44033,44035,44037,44039,44041,44044],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,44034,165],{"class":164},[65,44036,168],{"class":79},[65,44038,43989],{"class":147},[65,44040,4845],{"class":75},[65,44042,44043],{"class":147}," list_b",[65,44045,174],{"class":79},[65,44047,44048,44050,44052,44054,44056,44058],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,44049,165],{"class":164},[65,44051,168],{"class":79},[65,44053,43989],{"class":147},[65,44055,12329],{"class":1405},[65,44057,44043],{"class":147},[65,44059,174],{"class":79},[65,44061,44062,44064,44066,44068,44070,44073],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,44063,165],{"class":164},[65,44065,168],{"class":79},[65,44067,12783],{"class":164},[65,44069,168],{"class":79},[65,44071,44072],{"class":147},"list_a",[65,44074,1870],{"class":79},[65,44076,44077,44079,44081,44083,44085,44088],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,44078,165],{"class":164},[65,44080,168],{"class":79},[65,44082,12783],{"class":164},[65,44084,168],{"class":79},[65,44086,44087],{"class":147},"list_b",[65,44089,1870],{"class":79},[20,44091,5711],{},[56,44093,44095],{"className":58,"code":44094,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44096,44097,44101],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44098,44099],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44100,4134],{"class":4005},[65,44102,44103],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,44104,4195],{"class":4005},[20,44106,44107],{},"What this means:",[30,44109,44110,44113,44116],{},[33,44111,44112],{},"The lists are equal in value",[33,44114,44115],{},"They are not the same object",[33,44117,44118,44119,44121],{},"Their ",[15,44120,43408],{}," values are usually different",[20,44123,44124,44125,44127,44128,144],{},"This is why ",[15,44126,43408],{}," should not replace ",[15,44129,4845],{},[51,44131,44133,44134,44136],{"id":44132},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44135,43408],{}," is useful",[20,44138,44139,44141],{},[15,44140,43408],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[30,44143,44144,44147,44150,44153],{},[33,44145,44146],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[33,44148,44149],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[33,44151,44152],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[33,44154,44155],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44157,44158,44159,44161],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44160,43408],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[56,44163,44165],{"className":58,"code":44164,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44166,44167,44191,44200,44204,44223,44227,44237,44247,44261],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44168,44169,44171,44173,44175,44177,44179,44181,44183,44185,44187,44189],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44170,12221],{"class":71},[65,44172,76],{"class":75},[65,44174,3773],{"class":79},[65,44176,84],{"class":83},[65,44178,88],{"class":87},[65,44180,84],{"class":83},[65,44182,100],{"class":79},[65,44184,103],{"class":83},[65,44186,106],{"class":87},[65,44188,84],{"class":83},[65,44190,3786],{"class":79},[65,44192,44193,44196,44198],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,44194,44195],{"class":71},"copy_ref ",[65,44197,76],{"class":75},[65,44199,12259],{"class":71},[65,44201,44202],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,44203,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,44205,44206,44209,44211,44213,44215,44217,44219,44221],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,44207,44208],{"class":71},"copy_ref",[65,44210,144],{"class":79},[65,44212,13682],{"class":147},[65,44214,168],{"class":79},[65,44216,84],{"class":83},[65,44218,120],{"class":87},[65,44220,84],{"class":83},[65,44222,174],{"class":79},[65,44224,44225],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,44226,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,44228,44229,44231,44233,44235],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,44230,165],{"class":164},[65,44232,168],{"class":79},[65,44234,12268],{"class":147},[65,44236,174],{"class":79},[65,44238,44239,44241,44243,44245],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,44240,165],{"class":164},[65,44242,168],{"class":79},[65,44244,44208],{"class":147},[65,44246,174],{"class":79},[65,44248,44249,44251,44253,44255,44257,44259],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,44250,165],{"class":164},[65,44252,168],{"class":79},[65,44254,12783],{"class":164},[65,44256,168],{"class":79},[65,44258,12268],{"class":147},[65,44260,1870],{"class":79},[65,44262,44263,44265,44267,44269,44271,44273],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,44264,165],{"class":164},[65,44266,168],{"class":79},[65,44268,12783],{"class":164},[65,44270,168],{"class":79},[65,44272,44208],{"class":147},[65,44274,1870],{"class":79},[20,44276,5711],{},[56,44278,44280],{"className":58,"code":44279,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44281,44282,44310],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44283,44284,44286,44288,44290,44292,44294,44296,44298,44300,44302,44304,44306,44308],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44285,4054],{"class":79},[65,44287,203],{"class":83},[65,44289,88],{"class":87},[65,44291,203],{"class":83},[65,44293,100],{"class":79},[65,44295,233],{"class":83},[65,44297,106],{"class":87},[65,44299,203],{"class":83},[65,44301,100],{"class":79},[65,44303,233],{"class":83},[65,44305,120],{"class":87},[65,44307,203],{"class":83},[65,44309,3786],{"class":79},[65,44311,44312,44314,44316,44318,44320,44322,44324,44326,44328,44330,44332,44334,44336],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,44313,4054],{"class":79},[65,44315,203],{"class":83},[65,44317,88],{"class":87},[65,44319,203],{"class":83},[65,44321,100],{"class":79},[65,44323,233],{"class":83},[65,44325,106],{"class":87},[65,44327,203],{"class":83},[65,44329,100],{"class":79},[65,44331,233],{"class":83},[65,44333,120],{"class":87},[65,44335,203],{"class":83},[65,44337,3786],{"class":79},[20,44339,44340],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[51,44342,44344,44345],{"id":44343},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44346,43408],{},[20,44348,44349,44350,44352],{},"Do not use ",[15,44351,43408],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44354,44355],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[30,44357,44358,44364,44370,44373],{},[33,44359,44360,44361,44363],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44362,4845],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[33,44365,44366,44367,44369],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44368,43408],{}," values across program runs",[33,44371,44372],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[33,44374,44375,44376],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44377,43408],{},[20,44379,44380],{},"Bad example:",[56,44382,44384],{"className":58,"code":44383,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44385,44386,44398,44410,44414,44436],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44387,44388,44390,44392,44394,44396],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44389,2700],{"class":71},[65,44391,76],{"class":75},[65,44393,103],{"class":83},[65,44395,36963],{"class":87},[65,44397,1650],{"class":83},[65,44399,44400,44402,44404,44406,44408],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,44401,2728],{"class":71},[65,44403,76],{"class":75},[65,44405,103],{"class":83},[65,44407,36963],{"class":87},[65,44409,1650],{"class":83},[65,44411,44412],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,44413,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,44415,44416,44418,44420,44422,44424,44426,44428,44430,44432,44434],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,44417,1406],{"class":1405},[65,44419,14944],{"class":164},[65,44421,168],{"class":79},[65,44423,88],{"class":147},[65,44425,3813],{"class":79},[65,44427,6561],{"class":75},[65,44429,14944],{"class":164},[65,44431,168],{"class":79},[65,44433,106],{"class":147},[65,44435,8493],{"class":79},[65,44437,44438,44440,44442,44444,44447,44449],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,44439,1431],{"class":164},[65,44441,168],{"class":79},[65,44443,84],{"class":83},[65,44445,44446],{"class":87},"The values are equal",[65,44448,84],{"class":83},[65,44450,174],{"class":79},[20,44452,44453],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[56,44455,44457],{"className":58,"code":44456,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44458,44459,44472],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44460,44461,44463,44466,44468,44470],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44462,1406],{"class":1405},[65,44464,44465],{"class":71}," a ",[65,44467,4845],{"class":75},[65,44469,2705],{"class":71},[65,44471,1411],{"class":79},[65,44473,44474,44476,44478,44480,44482,44484],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,44475,1431],{"class":164},[65,44477,168],{"class":79},[65,44479,84],{"class":83},[65,44481,44446],{"class":87},[65,44483,84],{"class":83},[65,44485,174],{"class":79},[20,44487,1309,44488,3024,44490,44492],{},[15,44489,12329],{},[15,44491,43408],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[51,44494,20916],{"id":20915},[20,44496,44497],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[30,44499,44500,44503,44506,44511],{},[33,44501,44502],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[33,44504,44505],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[33,44507,44508,44509],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44510,43408],{},[33,44512,44513,44514],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44515,43408],{},[20,44517,44518],{},"The important rule is:",[30,44520,44521,44526],{},[33,44522,1309,44523,44525],{},[15,44524,4845],{}," to check value",[33,44527,1309,44528,44530],{},[15,44529,12329],{}," to check identity",[20,44532,44533,44534,44536],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44535,43408],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[51,44538,1766],{"id":1765},[20,44540,44541,44542,93],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44543,43408],{},[30,44545,44546,44554,44557,44560,44565],{},[33,44547,8569,44548,44550,44551,44553],{},[15,44549,43408],{}," when ",[15,44552,4845],{}," should be used",[33,44555,44556],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[33,44558,44559],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[33,44561,44562,44563],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44564,43408],{},[33,44566,8569,44567,44569],{},[15,44568,43408],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44571,44572],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[56,44574,44576],{"className":58,"code":44575,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44577,44578,44593,44607,44621,44635],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44579,44580,44582,44584,44586,44588,44591],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44581,165],{"class":164},[65,44583,168],{"class":79},[65,44585,12783],{"class":164},[65,44587,168],{"class":79},[65,44589,44590],{"class":147},"my_object",[65,44592,1870],{"class":79},[65,44594,44595,44597,44599,44601,44603,44605],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,44596,165],{"class":164},[65,44598,168],{"class":79},[65,44600,2700],{"class":147},[65,44602,4845],{"class":75},[65,44604,2705],{"class":147},[65,44606,174],{"class":79},[65,44608,44609,44611,44613,44615,44617,44619],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,44610,165],{"class":164},[65,44612,168],{"class":79},[65,44614,2700],{"class":147},[65,44616,12329],{"class":1405},[65,44618,2705],{"class":147},[65,44620,174],{"class":79},[65,44622,44623,44625,44627,44629,44631,44633],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,44624,165],{"class":164},[65,44626,168],{"class":79},[65,44628,3370],{"class":1368},[65,44630,168],{"class":79},[65,44632,44590],{"class":147},[65,44634,1870],{"class":79},[65,44636,44637,44639,44641,44643],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,44638,32063],{"class":164},[65,44640,168],{"class":79},[65,44642,12783],{"class":164},[65,44644,174],{"class":79},[51,44646,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,44648,44650,44651,12849],{"id":44649},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44652,43408],{},[20,44654,44655],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1059,44657,15029,44659,44661],{"id":44658},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44660,43408],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44663,44664],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1059,44666,21536,44668,44670],{"id":44667},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44669,43408],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44672,1982,44673,44675,44676,3024,44678,44680],{},[15,44674,4845],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44677,43408],{},[15,44679,12329],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1059,44682,44684,44685,2637],{"id":44683},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44686,43408],{},[20,44688,44689],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1059,44691,44693,44694,44696],{"id":44692},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44695,43408],{}," values?",[20,44698,44699],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[51,44701,2015],{"id":2014},[30,44703,44704,44709,44714,44719,44727],{},[33,44705,44706],{},[88,44707,44708],{"href":43546},"Python variables explained for beginners",[33,44710,44711],{},[88,44712,44713],{"href":43855},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[33,44715,44716],{},[88,44717,44718],{"href":43859},"Python data types overview",[33,44720,44721],{},[88,44722,3724,44724,3657],{"href":44723},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44725,44726],{},"isinstance()",[33,44728,44729],{},[88,44730,44732],{"href":44731},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2071,44734,44735],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":44737},[44738,44740,44741,44742,44743,44744,44746,44748,44749,44750,44762],{"id":43512,"depth":133,"text":44739},"What id() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":43680,"depth":133,"text":43681},{"id":43863,"depth":133,"text":43864},{"id":43975,"depth":133,"text":43976},{"id":44132,"depth":133,"text":44745},"When id() is useful",{"id":44343,"depth":133,"text":44747},"When not to use id()",{"id":20915,"depth":133,"text":20916},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":44751},[44752,44754,44756,44758,44760],{"id":44649,"depth":154,"text":44753},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44658,"depth":154,"text":44755},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44667,"depth":154,"text":44757},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44683,"depth":154,"text":44759},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44692,"depth":154,"text":44761},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43400,"description":44763},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44770,"title":42113,"body":44771,"description":46411,"extension":2111,"meta":46412,"navigation":157,"path":46413,"seo":46414,"stem":46415,"__hash__":46416},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44772,"toc":46377},[44773,44778,44783,44786,44788,44831,44836,44839,44844,44849,44852,44868,44870,44914,44916,44943,44945,44960,44962,44964,44966,44982,44984,44996,44999,45033,45036,45061,45066,45068,45073,45077,45080,45082,45130,45132,45165,45171,45182,45184,45236,45238,45269,45271,45275,45279,45322,45328,45334,45386,45394,45399,45403,45494,45496,45529,45532,45534,45594,45596,45622,45632,45634,45638,45643,45648,45650,45687,45689,45708,45711,45715,45718,45774,45786,45795,45797,45824,45832,45839,45843,45846,45883,45886,45892,45929,45931,45935,45941,45959,45964,46012,46016,46105,46108,46115,46117,46119,46124,46142,46144,46187,46193,46210,46212,46274,46276,46278,46284,46292,46298,46304,46313,46323,46327,46335,46337,46339,46374],[10,44774,3724,44776,3728],{"id":44775},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44777,3104],{},[20,44779,22,44780,44782],{},[15,44781,3104],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44784,44785],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[51,44787,54],{"id":53},[56,44789,44791],{"className":58,"code":44790,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44792,44793,44812],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44794,44795,44797,44799,44801,44803,44805,44808,44810],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44796,8027],{"class":71},[65,44798,76],{"class":75},[65,44800,8393],{"class":164},[65,44802,168],{"class":79},[65,44804,84],{"class":83},[65,44806,44807],{"class":87},"Enter your name: ",[65,44809,84],{"class":83},[65,44811,174],{"class":79},[65,44813,44814,44816,44818,44820,44823,44825,44827,44829],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,44815,165],{"class":164},[65,44817,168],{"class":79},[65,44819,84],{"class":83},[65,44821,44822],{"class":87},"Hello, ",[65,44824,84],{"class":83},[65,44826,2599],{"class":75},[65,44828,35906],{"class":147},[65,44830,174],{"class":79},[20,44832,1309,44833,44835],{},[15,44834,3104],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44837,44838],"hr",{},[51,44840,252,44842,255],{"id":44841},"what-input-does",[15,44843,3104],{},[20,44845,44846,44848],{},[15,44847,3104],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44850,44851],{},"Here is what happens:",[30,44853,44854,44859,44862,44865],{},[33,44855,44856,44858],{},[15,44857,3104],{}," waits for the user to type",[33,44860,44861],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[33,44863,44864],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[33,44866,44867],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44869,350],{},[56,44871,44873],{"className":58,"code":44872,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44874,44875,44895],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44876,44877,44880,44882,44884,44886,44888,44891,44893],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44878,44879],{"class":71},"color ",[65,44881,76],{"class":75},[65,44883,8393],{"class":164},[65,44885,168],{"class":79},[65,44887,84],{"class":83},[65,44889,44890],{"class":87},"What is your favorite color? ",[65,44892,84],{"class":83},[65,44894,174],{"class":79},[65,44896,44897,44899,44901,44903,44906,44908,44910,44912],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,44898,165],{"class":164},[65,44900,168],{"class":79},[65,44902,84],{"class":83},[65,44904,44905],{"class":87},"Your favorite color is",[65,44907,84],{"class":83},[65,44909,100],{"class":79},[65,44911,35765],{"class":147},[65,44913,174],{"class":79},[20,44915,1725],{},[56,44917,44919],{"className":58,"code":44918,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44920,44921,44934],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44922,44923,44925,44927,44930,44932],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44924,252],{"class":71},[65,44926,12329],{"class":75},[65,44928,44929],{"class":71}," your favorite color",[65,44931,2637],{"class":37283},[65,44933,35795],{"class":71},[65,44935,44936,44939,44941],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,44937,44938],{"class":71},"Your favorite color ",[65,44940,12329],{"class":75},[65,44942,35795],{"class":71},[20,44944,20072],{},[30,44946,44947,44952,44957],{},[33,44948,44949,44950],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44951,44890],{},[33,44953,44954,44955],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44956,32802],{},[33,44958,44959],{},"That value is then printed",[44837,44961],{},[51,44963,283],{"id":282},[20,44965,7367],{},[56,44967,44969],{"className":58,"code":44968,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44970,44971],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,44972,44973,44975,44977,44980],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,44974,42382],{"class":164},[65,44976,168],{"class":79},[65,44978,44979],{"class":147},"prompt",[65,44981,174],{"class":79},[20,44983,302],{},[30,44985,44986,44990,44993],{},[33,44987,22,44988,20154],{},[15,44989,44979],{},[33,44991,44992],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[33,44994,44995],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44997,44998],{},"Example with a prompt:",[56,45000,45002],{"className":58,"code":45001,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45003,45004,45023],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45005,45006,45008,45010,45012,45014,45016,45019,45021],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45007,8112],{"class":71},[65,45009,76],{"class":75},[65,45011,8393],{"class":164},[65,45013,168],{"class":79},[65,45015,84],{"class":83},[65,45017,45018],{"class":87},"Enter your username: ",[65,45020,84],{"class":83},[65,45022,174],{"class":79},[65,45024,45025,45027,45029,45031],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,45026,165],{"class":164},[65,45028,168],{"class":79},[65,45030,8136],{"class":147},[65,45032,174],{"class":79},[20,45034,45035],{},"Example without a prompt:",[56,45037,45039],{"className":58,"code":45038,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45040,45041,45051],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45042,45043,45045,45047,45049],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45044,1189],{"class":71},[65,45046,76],{"class":75},[65,45048,8393],{"class":164},[65,45050,151],{"class":79},[65,45052,45053,45055,45057,45059],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,45054,165],{"class":164},[65,45056,168],{"class":79},[65,45058,1714],{"class":147},[65,45060,174],{"class":79},[20,45062,7912,45063,45065],{},[15,45064,3104],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44837,45067],{},[51,45069,252,45071,11842],{"id":45070},"what-input-returns",[15,45072,3104],{},[20,45074,45075,8376],{},[15,45076,3104],{},[20,45078,45079],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45081,350],{},[56,45083,45085],{"className":58,"code":45084,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45086,45087,45106,45116],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45088,45089,45091,45093,45095,45097,45099,45102,45104],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45090,21741],{"class":71},[65,45092,76],{"class":75},[65,45094,8393],{"class":164},[65,45096,168],{"class":79},[65,45098,84],{"class":83},[65,45100,45101],{"class":87},"Enter your age: ",[65,45103,84],{"class":83},[65,45105,174],{"class":79},[65,45107,45108,45110,45112,45114],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,45109,165],{"class":164},[65,45111,168],{"class":79},[65,45113,387],{"class":147},[65,45115,174],{"class":79},[65,45117,45118,45120,45122,45124,45126,45128],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,45119,165],{"class":164},[65,45121,168],{"class":79},[65,45123,3370],{"class":1368},[65,45125,168],{"class":79},[65,45127,387],{"class":147},[65,45129,1870],{"class":79},[20,45131,1725],{},[56,45133,45135],{"className":58,"code":45134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45136,45137,45147,45151],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45138,45139,45142,45144],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45140,45141],{"class":71},"Enter your age",[65,45143,93],{"class":79},[65,45145,45146],{"class":96}," 25\n",[65,45148,45149],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,45150,2855],{"class":96},[65,45152,45153,45155,45157,45159,45161,45163],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,45154,3439],{"class":75},[65,45156,3442],{"class":1696},[65,45158,233],{"class":83},[65,45160,3591],{"class":87},[65,45162,203],{"class":83},[65,45164,3451],{"class":75},[20,45166,45167,45168,45170],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45169,9344],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45172,45173,45174,3024,45178,144],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[88,45175,45176],{"href":3020},[15,45177,3023],{},[88,45179,45180],{"href":3027},[15,45181,3030],{},[20,45183,350],{},[56,45185,45187],{"className":58,"code":45186,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45188,45189,45212,45222],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45190,45191,45193,45195,45198,45200,45202,45204,45206,45208,45210],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45192,21741],{"class":71},[65,45194,76],{"class":75},[65,45196,45197],{"class":1368}," int",[65,45199,168],{"class":79},[65,45201,42382],{"class":164},[65,45203,168],{"class":79},[65,45205,84],{"class":83},[65,45207,45101],{"class":87},[65,45209,84],{"class":83},[65,45211,1870],{"class":79},[65,45213,45214,45216,45218,45220],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,45215,165],{"class":164},[65,45217,168],{"class":79},[65,45219,387],{"class":147},[65,45221,174],{"class":79},[65,45223,45224,45226,45228,45230,45232,45234],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,45225,165],{"class":164},[65,45227,168],{"class":79},[65,45229,3370],{"class":1368},[65,45231,168],{"class":79},[65,45233,387],{"class":147},[65,45235,1870],{"class":79},[20,45237,1725],{},[56,45239,45241],{"className":58,"code":45240,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45242,45243,45251,45255],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45244,45245,45247,45249],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45246,45141],{"class":71},[65,45248,93],{"class":79},[65,45250,45146],{"class":96},[65,45252,45253],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,45254,2855],{"class":96},[65,45256,45257,45259,45261,45263,45265,45267],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,45258,3439],{"class":75},[65,45260,3442],{"class":1696},[65,45262,233],{"class":83},[65,45264,2335],{"class":87},[65,45266,203],{"class":83},[65,45268,3451],{"class":75},[44837,45270],{},[51,45272,45274],{"id":45273},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1059,45276,45278],{"id":45277},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[56,45280,45282],{"className":58,"code":45281,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45283,45284,45303],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45285,45286,45288,45290,45292,45294,45296,45299,45301],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45287,8027],{"class":71},[65,45289,76],{"class":75},[65,45291,8393],{"class":164},[65,45293,168],{"class":79},[65,45295,84],{"class":83},[65,45297,45298],{"class":87},"What is your name? ",[65,45300,84],{"class":83},[65,45302,174],{"class":79},[65,45304,45305,45307,45309,45311,45314,45316,45318,45320],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,45306,165],{"class":164},[65,45308,168],{"class":79},[65,45310,84],{"class":83},[65,45312,45313],{"class":87},"Hello,",[65,45315,84],{"class":83},[65,45317,100],{"class":79},[65,45319,35906],{"class":147},[65,45321,174],{"class":79},[20,45323,45324,45325,45327],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45326,369],{}," and prints it.",[1059,45329,45331,45332],{"id":45330},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45333,3023],{},[56,45335,45337],{"className":58,"code":45336,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45338,45339,45362],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45340,45341,45343,45345,45347,45349,45351,45353,45355,45358,45360],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45342,21741],{"class":71},[65,45344,76],{"class":75},[65,45346,45197],{"class":1368},[65,45348,168],{"class":79},[65,45350,42382],{"class":164},[65,45352,168],{"class":79},[65,45354,84],{"class":83},[65,45356,45357],{"class":87},"How old are you? ",[65,45359,84],{"class":83},[65,45361,1870],{"class":79},[65,45363,45364,45366,45368,45370,45373,45375,45377,45380,45382,45384],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,45365,165],{"class":164},[65,45367,168],{"class":79},[65,45369,84],{"class":83},[65,45371,45372],{"class":87},"Next year you will be",[65,45374,84],{"class":83},[65,45376,100],{"class":79},[65,45378,45379],{"class":147}," age ",[65,45381,2207],{"class":75},[65,45383,97],{"class":96},[65,45385,174],{"class":79},[20,45387,6213,45388,45390,45391,45393],{},[15,45389,3023],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45392,3104],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45395,45396,45397,144],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[88,45398,9132],{"href":9131},[1059,45400,45402],{"id":45401},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[56,45404,45406],{"className":58,"code":45405,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45407,45408,45432,45456,45470,45474],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45409,45410,45413,45415,45417,45419,45421,45423,45425,45428,45430],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45411,45412],{"class":71},"num1 ",[65,45414,76],{"class":75},[65,45416,45197],{"class":1368},[65,45418,168],{"class":79},[65,45420,42382],{"class":164},[65,45422,168],{"class":79},[65,45424,84],{"class":83},[65,45426,45427],{"class":87},"Enter the first number: ",[65,45429,84],{"class":83},[65,45431,1870],{"class":79},[65,45433,45434,45437,45439,45441,45443,45445,45447,45449,45452,45454],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,45435,45436],{"class":71},"num2 ",[65,45438,76],{"class":75},[65,45440,45197],{"class":1368},[65,45442,168],{"class":79},[65,45444,42382],{"class":164},[65,45446,168],{"class":79},[65,45448,84],{"class":83},[65,45450,45451],{"class":87},"Enter the second number: ",[65,45453,84],{"class":83},[65,45455,1870],{"class":79},[65,45457,45458,45460,45462,45465,45467],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,45459,41101],{"class":71},[65,45461,76],{"class":75},[65,45463,45464],{"class":71}," num1 ",[65,45466,2207],{"class":75},[65,45468,45469],{"class":71}," num2\n",[65,45471,45472],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,45473,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,45475,45476,45478,45480,45482,45485,45487,45489,45492],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,45477,165],{"class":164},[65,45479,168],{"class":79},[65,45481,84],{"class":83},[65,45483,45484],{"class":87},"Total:",[65,45486,84],{"class":83},[65,45488,100],{"class":79},[65,45490,45491],{"class":147}," total",[65,45493,174],{"class":79},[20,45495,1725],{},[56,45497,45499],{"className":58,"code":45498,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45500,45501,45511,45520],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45502,45503,45506,45508],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45504,45505],{"class":71},"Enter the first number",[65,45507,93],{"class":79},[65,45509,45510],{"class":96}," 2\n",[65,45512,45513,45516,45518],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,45514,45515],{"class":71},"Enter the second number",[65,45517,93],{"class":79},[65,45519,2723],{"class":96},[65,45521,45522,45525,45527],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,45523,45524],{"class":71},"Total",[65,45526,93],{"class":79},[65,45528,34755],{"class":96},[20,45530,45531],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45533,350],{},[56,45535,45537],{"className":58,"code":45536,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45538,45539,45557,45575,45579],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45540,45541,45543,45545,45547,45549,45551,45553,45555],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45542,45412],{"class":71},[65,45544,76],{"class":75},[65,45546,8393],{"class":164},[65,45548,168],{"class":79},[65,45550,84],{"class":83},[65,45552,45427],{"class":87},[65,45554,84],{"class":83},[65,45556,174],{"class":79},[65,45558,45559,45561,45563,45565,45567,45569,45571,45573],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,45560,45436],{"class":71},[65,45562,76],{"class":75},[65,45564,8393],{"class":164},[65,45566,168],{"class":79},[65,45568,84],{"class":83},[65,45570,45451],{"class":87},[65,45572,84],{"class":83},[65,45574,174],{"class":79},[65,45576,45577],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,45578,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,45580,45581,45583,45585,45587,45589,45592],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,45582,165],{"class":164},[65,45584,168],{"class":79},[65,45586,45412],{"class":147},[65,45588,2207],{"class":75},[65,45590,45591],{"class":147}," num2",[65,45593,174],{"class":79},[20,45595,1725],{},[56,45597,45599],{"className":58,"code":45598,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45600,45601,45609,45617],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45602,45603,45605,45607],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45604,45505],{"class":71},[65,45606,93],{"class":79},[65,45608,45510],{"class":96},[65,45610,45611,45613,45615],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,45612,45515],{"class":71},[65,45614,93],{"class":79},[65,45616,2723],{"class":96},[65,45618,45619],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,45620,45621],{"class":96},"23\n",[20,45623,45624,45625,45628,45629,144],{},"That happens because ",[15,45626,45627],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45630,45631],{},"\"23\"",[44837,45633],{},[51,45635,45637],{"id":45636},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45639,45640,45641,144],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45642,3104],{},[1059,45644,1812,45646,41461],{"id":45645},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45647,3104],{},[20,45649,39116],{},[56,45651,45653],{"className":58,"code":45652,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45654,45655,45673],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45656,45657,45659,45661,45663,45665,45667,45669,45671],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45658,1189],{"class":71},[65,45660,76],{"class":75},[65,45662,8393],{"class":164},[65,45664,168],{"class":79},[65,45666,84],{"class":83},[65,45668,41790],{"class":87},[65,45670,84],{"class":83},[65,45672,174],{"class":79},[65,45674,45675,45677,45679,45681,45683,45685],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,45676,165],{"class":164},[65,45678,168],{"class":79},[65,45680,3370],{"class":1368},[65,45682,168],{"class":79},[65,45684,1714],{"class":147},[65,45686,1870],{"class":79},[20,45688,191],{},[56,45690,45692],{"className":58,"code":45691,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45693,45694],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45695,45696,45698,45700,45702,45704,45706],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45697,3439],{"class":75},[65,45699,3442],{"class":1696},[65,45701,233],{"class":83},[65,45703,3591],{"class":87},[65,45705,203],{"class":83},[65,45707,3451],{"class":75},[20,45709,45710],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1059,45712,45714],{"id":45713},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45716,45717],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[56,45719,45721],{"className":58,"code":45720,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45722,45723,45741,45760],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45724,45725,45727,45729,45731,45733,45735,45737,45739],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45726,2700],{"class":71},[65,45728,76],{"class":75},[65,45730,8393],{"class":164},[65,45732,168],{"class":79},[65,45734,84],{"class":83},[65,45736,41790],{"class":87},[65,45738,84],{"class":83},[65,45740,174],{"class":79},[65,45742,45743,45745,45747,45749,45751,45753,45756,45758],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,45744,2728],{"class":71},[65,45746,76],{"class":75},[65,45748,8393],{"class":164},[65,45750,168],{"class":79},[65,45752,84],{"class":83},[65,45754,45755],{"class":87},"Enter another number: ",[65,45757,84],{"class":83},[65,45759,174],{"class":79},[65,45761,45762,45764,45766,45768,45770,45772],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,45763,165],{"class":164},[65,45765,168],{"class":79},[65,45767,2700],{"class":147},[65,45769,2207],{"class":75},[65,45771,2705],{"class":147},[65,45773,174],{"class":79},[20,45775,41039,45776,1048,45778,45780,45781,19079,45784,144],{},[15,45777,2650],{},[15,45779,2284],{},", the result is ",[15,45782,45783],{},"45",[15,45785,2292],{},[1059,45787,45789,45790,45792,45793],{"id":45788},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45791,40622],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45794,3023],{},[20,45796,350],{},[56,45798,45800],{"className":58,"code":45799,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45801,45802],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45803,45804,45806,45808,45810,45812,45814,45816,45818,45820,45822],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45805,21741],{"class":71},[65,45807,76],{"class":75},[65,45809,45197],{"class":1368},[65,45811,168],{"class":79},[65,45813,42382],{"class":164},[65,45815,168],{"class":79},[65,45817,84],{"class":83},[65,45819,45101],{"class":87},[65,45821,84],{"class":83},[65,45823,1870],{"class":79},[20,45825,8422,45826,45829,45830,144],{},[15,45827,45828],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45831,40622],{},[20,45833,45834,45835,144],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[88,45836,45838],{"href":45837},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1059,45840,45842],{"id":45841},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45844,45845],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[56,45847,45849],{"className":58,"code":45848,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45850,45851,45869],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45852,45853,45855,45857,45859,45861,45863,45865,45867],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45854,8027],{"class":71},[65,45856,76],{"class":75},[65,45858,8393],{"class":164},[65,45860,168],{"class":79},[65,45862,84],{"class":83},[65,45864,44807],{"class":87},[65,45866,84],{"class":83},[65,45868,174],{"class":79},[65,45870,45871,45873,45875,45877,45879,45881],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,45872,165],{"class":164},[65,45874,168],{"class":79},[65,45876,41698],{"class":164},[65,45878,168],{"class":79},[65,45880,369],{"class":147},[65,45882,1870],{"class":79},[20,45884,45885],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45887,45888,45889,93],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45890,45891],{},".strip()",[56,45893,45895],{"className":58,"code":45894,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45896,45897,45919],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45898,45899,45901,45903,45905,45907,45909,45911,45913,45915,45917],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45900,8027],{"class":71},[65,45902,76],{"class":75},[65,45904,8393],{"class":164},[65,45906,168],{"class":79},[65,45908,84],{"class":83},[65,45910,44807],{"class":87},[65,45912,84],{"class":83},[65,45914,8782],{"class":79},[65,45916,8785],{"class":147},[65,45918,151],{"class":79},[65,45920,45921,45923,45925,45927],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,45922,165],{"class":164},[65,45924,168],{"class":79},[65,45926,369],{"class":147},[65,45928,174],{"class":79},[44837,45930],{},[51,45932,45934],{"id":45933},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45936,45937,45938,45940],{},"These habits make ",[15,45939,3104],{}," easier and safer to use.",[30,45942,45943,45946,45951,45954],{},[33,45944,45945],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[33,45947,1309,45948,45950],{},[15,45949,45891],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[33,45952,45953],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[33,45955,1309,45956,45958],{},[15,45957,1466],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45960,45961,45962,93],{},"Example with ",[15,45963,45891],{},[56,45965,45967],{"className":58,"code":45966,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45968,45969,45993],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,45970,45971,45974,45976,45978,45980,45982,45985,45987,45989,45991],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,45972,45973],{"class":71},"city ",[65,45975,76],{"class":75},[65,45977,8393],{"class":164},[65,45979,168],{"class":79},[65,45981,84],{"class":83},[65,45983,45984],{"class":87},"Enter your city: ",[65,45986,84],{"class":83},[65,45988,8782],{"class":79},[65,45990,8785],{"class":147},[65,45992,151],{"class":79},[65,45994,45995,45997,45999,46001,46004,46006,46008,46010],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,45996,165],{"class":164},[65,45998,168],{"class":79},[65,46000,84],{"class":83},[65,46002,46003],{"class":87},"City:",[65,46005,84],{"class":83},[65,46007,100],{"class":79},[65,46009,31295],{"class":147},[65,46011,174],{"class":79},[20,46013,45961,46014,93],{},[15,46015,1466],{},[56,46017,46019],{"className":58,"code":46018,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46020,46021,46027,46050,46082,46090],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46022,46023,46025],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46024,1488],{"class":1405},[65,46026,1411],{"class":79},[65,46028,46029,46032,46034,46036,46038,46040,46042,46044,46046,46048],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,46030,46031],{"class":71},"    age ",[65,46033,76],{"class":75},[65,46035,45197],{"class":1368},[65,46037,168],{"class":79},[65,46039,42382],{"class":164},[65,46041,168],{"class":79},[65,46043,84],{"class":83},[65,46045,45101],{"class":87},[65,46047,84],{"class":83},[65,46049,1870],{"class":79},[65,46051,46052,46054,46056,46058,46061,46063,46065,46067,46069,46071,46073,46075,46078,46080],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,46053,1431],{"class":164},[65,46055,168],{"class":79},[65,46057,84],{"class":83},[65,46059,46060],{"class":87},"You will be",[65,46062,84],{"class":83},[65,46064,100],{"class":79},[65,46066,45379],{"class":147},[65,46068,2207],{"class":75},[65,46070,97],{"class":96},[65,46072,100],{"class":79},[65,46074,103],{"class":83},[65,46076,46077],{"class":87},"next year",[65,46079,84],{"class":83},[65,46081,174],{"class":79},[65,46083,46084,46086,46088],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,46085,1519],{"class":1405},[65,46087,41845],{"class":1368},[65,46089,1411],{"class":79},[65,46091,46092,46094,46096,46098,46101,46103],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,46093,1431],{"class":164},[65,46095,168],{"class":79},[65,46097,84],{"class":83},[65,46099,46100],{"class":87},"Please enter a whole number.",[65,46102,84],{"class":83},[65,46104,174],{"class":79},[20,46106,46107],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46109,46110,46111,144],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[88,46112,46114],{"href":46113},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44837,46116],{},[51,46118,1766],{"id":1765},[20,46120,46121,46122,93],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46123,3104],{},[30,46125,46126,46133,46136,46139],{},[33,46127,46128,46129,3024,46131],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46130,3023],{},[15,46132,3030],{},[33,46134,46135],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[33,46137,46138],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[33,46140,46141],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46143,31993],{},[56,46145,46147],{"className":58,"code":46146,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46148,46149,46159,46173],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46150,46151,46153,46155,46157],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46152,165],{"class":164},[65,46154,168],{"class":79},[65,46156,1714],{"class":147},[65,46158,174],{"class":79},[65,46160,46161,46163,46165,46167,46169,46171],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,46162,165],{"class":164},[65,46164,168],{"class":79},[65,46166,3370],{"class":1368},[65,46168,168],{"class":79},[65,46170,1714],{"class":147},[65,46172,1870],{"class":79},[65,46174,46175,46177,46179,46181,46183,46185],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,46176,165],{"class":164},[65,46178,168],{"class":79},[65,46180,41698],{"class":164},[65,46182,168],{"class":79},[65,46184,1714],{"class":147},[65,46186,1870],{"class":79},[20,46188,46189,46190,46192],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46191,3104],{}," actually returned:",[30,46194,46195,46200,46205],{},[33,46196,46197,46199],{},[15,46198,41746],{}," shows the value",[33,46201,46202,46204],{},[15,46203,41752],{}," shows the data type",[33,46206,46207,46209],{},[15,46208,41757],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46211,350],{},[56,46213,46215],{"className":58,"code":46214,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46216,46217,46236,46246,46260],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46218,46219,46221,46223,46225,46227,46229,46232,46234],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46220,1189],{"class":71},[65,46222,76],{"class":75},[65,46224,8393],{"class":164},[65,46226,168],{"class":79},[65,46228,84],{"class":83},[65,46230,46231],{"class":87},"Enter something: ",[65,46233,84],{"class":83},[65,46235,174],{"class":79},[65,46237,46238,46240,46242,46244],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,46239,165],{"class":164},[65,46241,168],{"class":79},[65,46243,1714],{"class":147},[65,46245,174],{"class":79},[65,46247,46248,46250,46252,46254,46256,46258],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,46249,165],{"class":164},[65,46251,168],{"class":79},[65,46253,3370],{"class":1368},[65,46255,168],{"class":79},[65,46257,1714],{"class":147},[65,46259,1870],{"class":79},[65,46261,46262,46264,46266,46268,46270,46272],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,46263,165],{"class":164},[65,46265,168],{"class":79},[65,46267,41698],{"class":164},[65,46269,168],{"class":79},[65,46271,1714],{"class":147},[65,46273,1870],{"class":79},[44837,46275],{},[51,46277,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,46279,1966,46281,46283],{"id":46280},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46282,3104],{}," return an integer?",[20,46285,46286,46287,46289,46290,39847],{},"No. ",[15,46288,3104],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46291,3023],{},[1059,46293,46295,46296,2637],{"id":46294},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46297,3104],{},[20,46299,46300,46301,46303],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46302,3104],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1059,46305,5308,46307,46310,46311,2637],{"id":46306},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46308,46309],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46312,3104],{},[20,46314,707,46315,46317,46318,42074,46320,46322],{},[15,46316,3104],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46319,45627],{},[15,46321,45631],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1059,46324,46326],{"id":46325},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46328,1309,46329,46331,46332,144],{},[15,46330,45891],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46333,46334],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44837,46336],{},[51,46338,2015],{"id":2014},[30,46340,46341,46346,46350,46356,46362,46366],{},[33,46342,46343],{},[88,46344,46345],{"href":46113},"How to get user input in Python",[33,46347,46348],{},[88,46349,9209],{"href":9131},[33,46351,46352],{},[88,46353,3724,46354,3657],{"href":3020},[15,46355,3023],{},[33,46357,46358],{},[88,46359,3724,46360,3657],{"href":3027},[15,46361,3030],{},[33,46363,46364],{},[88,46365,45838],{"href":45837},[33,46367,46368],{},[88,46369,3724,46371,3657],{"href":46370},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46372,46373],{},"print()",[2071,46375,46376],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":46378},[46379,46380,46382,46383,46385,46391,46399,46400,46401,46410],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":44841,"depth":133,"text":46381},"What input() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":45070,"depth":133,"text":46384},"What input() returns",{"id":45273,"depth":133,"text":45274,"children":46386},[46387,46388,46390],{"id":45277,"depth":154,"text":45278},{"id":45330,"depth":154,"text":46389},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45401,"depth":154,"text":45402},{"id":45636,"depth":133,"text":45637,"children":46392},[46393,46395,46396,46398],{"id":45645,"depth":154,"text":46394},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45713,"depth":154,"text":45714},{"id":45788,"depth":154,"text":46397},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45841,"depth":154,"text":45842},{"id":45933,"depth":133,"text":45934},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":46402},[46403,46405,46407,46409],{"id":46280,"depth":154,"text":46404},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46294,"depth":154,"text":46406},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46306,"depth":154,"text":46408},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46325,"depth":154,"text":46326},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42113,"description":46411},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46418,"title":42015,"body":46419,"description":48732,"extension":2111,"meta":48733,"navigation":157,"path":48734,"seo":48735,"stem":48736,"__hash__":48737},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46420,"toc":48684},[46421,46426,46431,46436,46457,46460,46462,46522,46524,46543,46548,46553,46558,46560,46573,46575,46658,46660,46701,46707,46709,46739,46745,46748,46765,46767,46819,46821,46839,46845,46851,46854,46872,46874,46947,46949,46968,46975,46981,46986,46989,47049,47051,47070,47073,47076,47091,47097,47101,47162,47164,47185,47189,47318,47320,47450,47460,47466,47472,47480,47546,47548,47573,47576,47593,47606,47612,47615,47648,47650,47663,47666,47709,47711,47719,47726,47730,47737,47741,47768,47770,47778,47784,47801,47806,47810,47837,47839,47847,47851,47856,47859,47885,47888,47897,47905,47909,47919,47923,47926,47928,47979,47981,48011,48021,48048,48050,48058,48068,48072,48075,48077,48125,48127,48171,48177,48228,48230,48249,48254,48259,48262,48281,48284,48336,48338,48347,48349,48353,48357,48360,48369,48376,48378,48405,48409,48411,48420,48423,48430,48436,48496,48500,48502,48510,48513,48539,48545,48548,48568,48570,48579,48587,48589,48595,48600,48607,48617,48623,48631,48635,48638,48640,48681],[10,46422,3724,46424,3728],{"id":46423},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46425,3023],{},[20,46427,32228,46428,46430],{},[15,46429,3023],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46432,35319,46433,46435],{},[15,46434,3023],{}," when they want to:",[30,46437,46438,46448,46451,46454],{},[33,46439,46440,46441,46444,46445],{},"turn text like ",[15,46442,46443],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46446,46447],{},"42",[33,46449,46450],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[33,46452,46453],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[33,46455,46456],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46458,46459],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[51,46461,54],{"id":53},[56,46463,46465],{"className":58,"code":46464,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46466,46467,46485,46499],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46468,46469,46471,46473,46475,46477,46479,46481,46483],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46470,165],{"class":164},[65,46472,168],{"class":79},[65,46474,2335],{"class":1368},[65,46476,168],{"class":79},[65,46478,84],{"class":83},[65,46480,46447],{"class":87},[65,46482,84],{"class":83},[65,46484,1870],{"class":79},[65,46486,46487,46489,46491,46493,46495,46497],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,46488,165],{"class":164},[65,46490,168],{"class":79},[65,46492,2335],{"class":1368},[65,46494,168],{"class":79},[65,46496,41903],{"class":96},[65,46498,1870],{"class":79},[65,46500,46501,46503,46505,46507,46509,46511,46514,46516,46518,46520],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,46502,165],{"class":164},[65,46504,168],{"class":79},[65,46506,2335],{"class":1368},[65,46508,168],{"class":79},[65,46510,84],{"class":83},[65,46512,46513],{"class":87},"101",[65,46515,84],{"class":83},[65,46517,100],{"class":79},[65,46519,113],{"class":96},[65,46521,1870],{"class":79},[20,46523,191],{},[56,46525,46527],{"className":58,"code":46526,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46528,46529,46534,46539],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46530,46531],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46532,46533],{"class":96},"42\n",[65,46535,46536],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,46537,46538],{"class":96},"3\n",[65,46540,46541],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,46542,3093],{"class":96},[20,46544,1309,46545,46547],{},[15,46546,3023],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[51,46549,252,46551,255],{"id":46550},"what-int-does",[15,46552,3023],{},[20,46554,46555,46557],{},[15,46556,3023],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46559,13182],{},[30,46561,46562,46567,46570],{},[33,46563,46564,46565,7489],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46566,2335],{},[33,46568,46569],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[33,46571,46572],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46574,350],{},[56,46576,46578],{"className":58,"code":46577,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46579,46580,46592,46606,46610,46620,46630,46644],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46581,46582,46584,46586,46588,46590],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46583,34600],{"class":71},[65,46585,76],{"class":75},[65,46587,103],{"class":83},[65,46589,9344],{"class":87},[65,46591,1650],{"class":83},[65,46593,46594,46596,46598,46600,46602,46604],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,46595,2363],{"class":71},[65,46597,76],{"class":75},[65,46599,45197],{"class":1368},[65,46601,168],{"class":79},[65,46603,34621],{"class":147},[65,46605,174],{"class":79},[65,46607,46608],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,46609,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,46611,46612,46614,46616,46618],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,46613,165],{"class":164},[65,46615,168],{"class":79},[65,46617,34621],{"class":147},[65,46619,174],{"class":79},[65,46621,46622,46624,46626,46628],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,46623,165],{"class":164},[65,46625,168],{"class":79},[65,46627,2385],{"class":147},[65,46629,174],{"class":79},[65,46631,46632,46634,46636,46638,46640,46642],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,46633,165],{"class":164},[65,46635,168],{"class":79},[65,46637,3370],{"class":1368},[65,46639,168],{"class":79},[65,46641,34621],{"class":147},[65,46643,1870],{"class":79},[65,46645,46646,46648,46650,46652,46654,46656],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,46647,165],{"class":164},[65,46649,168],{"class":79},[65,46651,3370],{"class":1368},[65,46653,168],{"class":79},[65,46655,2385],{"class":147},[65,46657,1870],{"class":79},[20,46659,191],{},[56,46661,46663],{"className":58,"code":46662,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46664,46665,46669,46673,46687],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46666,46667],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46668,2855],{"class":96},[65,46670,46671],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,46672,2855],{"class":96},[65,46674,46675,46677,46679,46681,46683,46685],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,46676,3439],{"class":75},[65,46678,3442],{"class":1696},[65,46680,233],{"class":83},[65,46682,3591],{"class":87},[65,46684,203],{"class":83},[65,46686,3451],{"class":75},[65,46688,46689,46691,46693,46695,46697,46699],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,46690,3439],{"class":75},[65,46692,3442],{"class":1696},[65,46694,233],{"class":83},[65,46696,2335],{"class":87},[65,46698,203],{"class":83},[65,46700,3451],{"class":75},[20,46702,46703,46704,46706],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46705,3023],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[51,46708,283],{"id":282},[56,46710,46712],{"className":58,"code":46711,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46713,46714,46724],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46715,46716,46718,46720,46722],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46717,2335],{"class":1368},[65,46719,168],{"class":79},[65,46721,931],{"class":147},[65,46723,174],{"class":79},[65,46725,46726,46728,46730,46732,46734,46737],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,46727,2335],{"class":1368},[65,46729,168],{"class":79},[65,46731,931],{"class":147},[65,46733,100],{"class":79},[65,46735,46736],{"class":147}," base",[65,46738,174],{"class":79},[1059,46740,46742],{"id":46741},"intx",[15,46743,46744],{},"int(x)",[20,46746,46747],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[30,46749,46750,46755,46760],{},[33,46751,46752,46753],{},"a string such as ",[15,46754,42045],{},[33,46756,46757,46758],{},"a float such as ",[15,46759,41903],{},[33,46761,46762,46763],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46764,3753],{},[20,46766,350],{},[56,46768,46770],{"className":58,"code":46769,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46771,46772,46790,46805],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46773,46774,46776,46778,46780,46782,46784,46786,46788],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46775,165],{"class":164},[65,46777,168],{"class":79},[65,46779,2335],{"class":1368},[65,46781,168],{"class":79},[65,46783,84],{"class":83},[65,46785,2476],{"class":87},[65,46787,84],{"class":83},[65,46789,1870],{"class":79},[65,46791,46792,46794,46796,46798,46800,46803],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,46793,165],{"class":164},[65,46795,168],{"class":79},[65,46797,2335],{"class":1368},[65,46799,168],{"class":79},[65,46801,46802],{"class":96},"8.7",[65,46804,1870],{"class":79},[65,46806,46807,46809,46811,46813,46815,46817],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,46808,165],{"class":164},[65,46810,168],{"class":79},[65,46812,2335],{"class":1368},[65,46814,168],{"class":79},[65,46816,3753],{"class":4005},[65,46818,1870],{"class":79},[20,46820,191],{},[56,46822,46824],{"className":58,"code":46823,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46825,46826,46830,46834],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46827,46828],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46829,2522],{"class":96},[65,46831,46832],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,46833,2527],{"class":96},[65,46835,46836],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,46837,46838],{"class":96},"1\n",[1059,46840,46842],{"id":46841},"intx-base",[15,46843,46844],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46846,46847,46848,46850],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46849,931],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46852,46853],{},"Common bases:",[30,46855,46856,46861,46866],{},[33,46857,46858,46860],{},[15,46859,2204],{}," for binary",[33,46862,46863,46865],{},[15,46864,2491],{}," for octal",[33,46867,46868,46871],{},[15,46869,46870],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46873,350],{},[56,46875,46877],{"className":58,"code":46876,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46878,46879,46901,46924],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46880,46881,46883,46885,46887,46889,46891,46893,46895,46897,46899],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46882,165],{"class":164},[65,46884,168],{"class":79},[65,46886,2335],{"class":1368},[65,46888,168],{"class":79},[65,46890,84],{"class":83},[65,46892,46513],{"class":87},[65,46894,84],{"class":83},[65,46896,100],{"class":79},[65,46898,113],{"class":96},[65,46900,1870],{"class":79},[65,46902,46903,46905,46907,46909,46911,46913,46916,46918,46920,46922],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,46904,165],{"class":164},[65,46906,168],{"class":79},[65,46908,2335],{"class":1368},[65,46910,168],{"class":79},[65,46912,84],{"class":83},[65,46914,46915],{"class":87},"17",[65,46917,84],{"class":83},[65,46919,100],{"class":79},[65,46921,6513],{"class":96},[65,46923,1870],{"class":79},[65,46925,46926,46928,46930,46932,46934,46936,46939,46941,46943,46945],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,46927,165],{"class":164},[65,46929,168],{"class":79},[65,46931,2335],{"class":1368},[65,46933,168],{"class":79},[65,46935,84],{"class":83},[65,46937,46938],{"class":87},"1A",[65,46940,84],{"class":83},[65,46942,100],{"class":79},[65,46944,14117],{"class":96},[65,46946,1870],{"class":79},[20,46948,191],{},[56,46950,46952],{"className":58,"code":46951,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46953,46954,46958,46963],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46955,46956],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46957,3093],{"class":96},[65,46959,46960],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,46961,46962],{"class":96},"15\n",[65,46964,46965],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,46966,46967],{"class":96},"26\n",[20,46969,46970,46971,144],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[88,46972,46973,2448],{"href":3027},[15,46974,3030],{},[51,46976,8569,46978,46980],{"id":46977},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46979,3023],{}," with strings",[20,46982,46983,46985],{},[15,46984,3023],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46987,46988],{},"Examples that work:",[56,46990,46992],{"className":58,"code":46991,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46993,46994,47012,47030],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,46995,46996,46998,47000,47002,47004,47006,47008,47010],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,46997,165],{"class":164},[65,46999,168],{"class":79},[65,47001,2335],{"class":1368},[65,47003,168],{"class":79},[65,47005,84],{"class":83},[65,47007,2284],{"class":87},[65,47009,84],{"class":83},[65,47011,1870],{"class":79},[65,47013,47014,47016,47018,47020,47022,47024,47026,47028],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,47015,165],{"class":164},[65,47017,168],{"class":79},[65,47019,2335],{"class":1368},[65,47021,168],{"class":79},[65,47023,84],{"class":83},[65,47025,2437],{"class":87},[65,47027,84],{"class":83},[65,47029,1870],{"class":79},[65,47031,47032,47034,47036,47038,47040,47042,47045,47047],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,47033,165],{"class":164},[65,47035,168],{"class":79},[65,47037,2335],{"class":1368},[65,47039,168],{"class":79},[65,47041,84],{"class":83},[65,47043,47044],{"class":87},"  42  ",[65,47046,84],{"class":83},[65,47048,1870],{"class":79},[20,47050,191],{},[56,47052,47054],{"className":58,"code":47053,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47055,47056,47060,47066],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47057,47058],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47059,3093],{"class":96},[65,47061,47062,47064],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,47063,2169],{"class":75},[65,47065,2371],{"class":96},[65,47067,47068],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,47069,46533],{"class":96},[20,47071,47072],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47074,47075],{},"Examples that fail:",[56,47077,47079],{"className":58,"code":47078,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47080,47081,47086],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47082,47083],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47084,47085],{"class":3816},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[65,47087,47088],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,47089,47090],{"class":3816},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47092,47093,47094,47096],{},"These raise ",[15,47095,40622],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1059,47098,47100],{"id":47099},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[56,47102,47104],{"className":58,"code":47103,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47105,47106,47124,47143],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47107,47108,47110,47112,47114,47116,47118,47120,47122],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47109,165],{"class":164},[65,47111,168],{"class":79},[65,47113,2335],{"class":1368},[65,47115,168],{"class":79},[65,47117,84],{"class":83},[65,47119,2267],{"class":87},[65,47121,84],{"class":83},[65,47123,1870],{"class":79},[65,47125,47126,47128,47130,47132,47134,47136,47139,47141],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,47127,165],{"class":164},[65,47129,168],{"class":79},[65,47131,2335],{"class":1368},[65,47133,168],{"class":79},[65,47135,84],{"class":83},[65,47137,47138],{"class":87},"+7",[65,47140,84],{"class":83},[65,47142,1870],{"class":79},[65,47144,47145,47147,47149,47151,47153,47155,47158,47160],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,47146,165],{"class":164},[65,47148,168],{"class":79},[65,47150,2335],{"class":1368},[65,47152,168],{"class":79},[65,47154,84],{"class":83},[65,47156,47157],{"class":87},"-100",[65,47159,84],{"class":83},[65,47161,1870],{"class":79},[20,47163,191],{},[56,47165,47167],{"className":58,"code":47166,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47168,47169,47174,47178],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47170,47171],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47172,47173],{"class":96},"0\n",[65,47175,47176],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,47177,2227],{"class":96},[65,47179,47180,47182],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,47181,2169],{"class":75},[65,47183,47184],{"class":96},"100\n",[1059,47186,47188],{"id":47187},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[56,47190,47192],{"className":58,"code":47191,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47193,47194,47232,47236,47248,47255,47270,47285],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47195,47196,47198,47200,47202,47204,47206,47208,47210,47212,47215,47217,47219,47221,47223,47225,47228,47230],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47197,3975],{"class":71},[65,47199,76],{"class":75},[65,47201,3773],{"class":79},[65,47203,84],{"class":83},[65,47205,40061],{"class":87},[65,47207,84],{"class":83},[65,47209,100],{"class":79},[65,47211,103],{"class":83},[65,47213,47214],{"class":87},"12abc",[65,47216,84],{"class":83},[65,47218,100],{"class":79},[65,47220,6279],{"class":83},[65,47222,100],{"class":79},[65,47224,103],{"class":83},[65,47226,47227],{"class":87},"seven",[65,47229,84],{"class":83},[65,47231,3786],{"class":79},[65,47233,47234],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,47235,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,47237,47238,47240,47242,47244,47246],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,47239,6110],{"class":1405},[65,47241,492],{"class":71},[65,47243,4036],{"class":1405},[65,47245,4039],{"class":71},[65,47247,1411],{"class":79},[65,47249,47250,47253],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,47251,47252],{"class":1405},"    try",[65,47254,1411],{"class":79},[65,47256,47257,47260,47262,47264,47266,47268],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,47258,47259],{"class":164},"        print",[65,47261,168],{"class":79},[65,47263,2335],{"class":1368},[65,47265,168],{"class":79},[65,47267,1714],{"class":147},[65,47269,1870],{"class":79},[65,47271,47272,47275,47277,47280,47283],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,47273,47274],{"class":1405},"    except",[65,47276,41845],{"class":1368},[65,47278,47279],{"class":1405}," as",[65,47281,47282],{"class":71}," error",[65,47284,1411],{"class":79},[65,47286,47287,47289,47291,47293,47295,47297,47299,47302,47304,47307,47309,47312,47314,47316],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,47288,47259],{"class":164},[65,47290,168],{"class":79},[65,47292,1697],{"class":1696},[65,47294,84],{"class":87},[65,47296,218],{"class":96},[65,47298,1714],{"class":147},[65,47300,47301],{"class":1696},"!r",[65,47303,1706],{"class":96},[65,47305,47306],{"class":87}," -> ",[65,47308,218],{"class":96},[65,47310,47311],{"class":147},"error",[65,47313,1706],{"class":96},[65,47315,84],{"class":87},[65,47317,174],{"class":79},[20,47319,191],{},[56,47321,47323],{"className":58,"code":47322,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47324,47325,47361,47393,47418],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47326,47327,47329,47331,47333,47336,47339,47341,47343,47345,47348,47351,47353,47355,47357,47359],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47328,203],{"class":43248},[65,47330,40061],{"class":43252},[65,47332,203],{"class":43248},[65,47334,47335],{"class":37283}," ->",[65,47337,47338],{"class":71}," invalid literal ",[65,47340,6110],{"class":1405},[65,47342,45197],{"class":1368},[65,47344,7515],{"class":79},[65,47346,47347],{"class":1405}," with",[65,47349,47350],{"class":71}," base ",[65,47352,2476],{"class":96},[65,47354,93],{"class":79},[65,47356,233],{"class":83},[65,47358,40061],{"class":87},[65,47360,1379],{"class":83},[65,47362,47363,47365,47367,47369,47371,47373,47375,47377,47379,47381,47383,47385,47387,47389,47391],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,47364,203],{"class":83},[65,47366,47214],{"class":87},[65,47368,203],{"class":83},[65,47370,47335],{"class":37283},[65,47372,47338],{"class":71},[65,47374,6110],{"class":1405},[65,47376,45197],{"class":1368},[65,47378,7515],{"class":79},[65,47380,47347],{"class":1405},[65,47382,47350],{"class":71},[65,47384,2476],{"class":96},[65,47386,93],{"class":79},[65,47388,233],{"class":83},[65,47390,47214],{"class":87},[65,47392,1379],{"class":83},[65,47394,47395,47397,47399,47401,47403,47405,47407,47409,47411,47413,47415],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,47396,3925],{"class":83},[65,47398,47335],{"class":37283},[65,47400,47338],{"class":71},[65,47402,6110],{"class":1405},[65,47404,45197],{"class":1368},[65,47406,7515],{"class":79},[65,47408,47347],{"class":1405},[65,47410,47350],{"class":71},[65,47412,2476],{"class":96},[65,47414,93],{"class":79},[65,47416,47417],{"class":83}," ''\n",[65,47419,47420,47422,47424,47426,47428,47430,47432,47434,47436,47438,47440,47442,47444,47446,47448],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,47421,203],{"class":83},[65,47423,47227],{"class":87},[65,47425,203],{"class":83},[65,47427,47335],{"class":37283},[65,47429,47338],{"class":71},[65,47431,6110],{"class":1405},[65,47433,45197],{"class":1368},[65,47435,7515],{"class":79},[65,47437,47347],{"class":1405},[65,47439,47350],{"class":71},[65,47441,2476],{"class":96},[65,47443,93],{"class":79},[65,47445,233],{"class":83},[65,47447,47227],{"class":87},[65,47449,1379],{"class":83},[20,47451,47452,47453,47455,47456,144],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[88,47454,9132],{"href":9131}," and the ",[88,47457,47458,2448],{"href":8370},[15,47459,3104],{},[51,47461,8569,47463,47465],{"id":47462},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47464,3023],{}," with floats",[20,47467,47468,47469,47471],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47470,3023],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47473,47474,47475,14183,47477,47479],{},"Important: ",[15,47476,3023],{},[46,47478,1014],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[56,47481,47483],{"className":58,"code":47482,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47484,47485,47499,47514,47530],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47486,47487,47489,47491,47493,47495,47497],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47488,165],{"class":164},[65,47490,168],{"class":79},[65,47492,2335],{"class":1368},[65,47494,168],{"class":79},[65,47496,41903],{"class":96},[65,47498,1870],{"class":79},[65,47500,47501,47503,47505,47507,47509,47512],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,47502,165],{"class":164},[65,47504,168],{"class":79},[65,47506,2335],{"class":1368},[65,47508,168],{"class":79},[65,47510,47511],{"class":96},"3.1",[65,47513,1870],{"class":79},[65,47515,47516,47518,47520,47522,47524,47526,47528],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,47517,165],{"class":164},[65,47519,168],{"class":79},[65,47521,2335],{"class":1368},[65,47523,168],{"class":79},[65,47525,2169],{"class":75},[65,47527,41903],{"class":96},[65,47529,1870],{"class":79},[65,47531,47532,47534,47536,47538,47540,47542,47544],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,47533,165],{"class":164},[65,47535,168],{"class":79},[65,47537,2335],{"class":1368},[65,47539,168],{"class":79},[65,47541,2169],{"class":75},[65,47543,47511],{"class":96},[65,47545,1870],{"class":79},[20,47547,191],{},[56,47549,47551],{"className":58,"code":47550,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47552,47553,47557,47561,47567],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47554,47555],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47556,46538],{"class":96},[65,47558,47559],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,47560,46538],{"class":96},[65,47562,47563,47565],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,47564,2169],{"class":75},[65,47566,46538],{"class":96},[65,47568,47569,47571],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,47570,2169],{"class":75},[65,47572,46538],{"class":96},[20,47574,47575],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[30,47577,47578,47585],{},[33,47579,47580,42074,47583],{},[15,47581,47582],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47584,2210],{},[33,47586,47587,42074,47590],{},[15,47588,47589],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47591,47592],{},"-3",[20,47594,47595,47596,47600,47601,144],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[88,47597,47598],{"href":3027},[15,47599,3030],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[88,47602,47603],{"href":42094},[15,47604,47605],{},"str()",[51,47607,8569,47609,47611],{"id":47608},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47610,3023],{}," with booleans",[20,47613,47614],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[56,47616,47618],{"className":58,"code":47617,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47619,47620,47634],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47621,47622,47624,47626,47628,47630,47632],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47623,165],{"class":164},[65,47625,168],{"class":79},[65,47627,2335],{"class":1368},[65,47629,168],{"class":79},[65,47631,3753],{"class":4005},[65,47633,1870],{"class":79},[65,47635,47636,47638,47640,47642,47644,47646],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,47637,165],{"class":164},[65,47639,168],{"class":79},[65,47641,2335],{"class":1368},[65,47643,168],{"class":79},[65,47645,3827],{"class":4005},[65,47647,1870],{"class":79},[20,47649,191],{},[56,47651,47653],{"className":58,"code":47652,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"1\n0\n",[15,47654,47655,47659],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47656,47657],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47658,46838],{"class":96},[65,47660,47661],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,47662,47173],{"class":96},[20,47664,47665],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[56,47667,47669],{"className":58,"code":47668,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47670,47671,47680,47695,47699],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47672,47673,47676,47678],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47674,47675],{"class":71},"passed ",[65,47677,76],{"class":75},[65,47679,6575],{"class":4005},[65,47681,47682,47684,47686,47688,47690,47693],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,47683,41101],{"class":71},[65,47685,76],{"class":75},[65,47687,45197],{"class":1368},[65,47689,168],{"class":79},[65,47691,47692],{"class":147},"passed",[65,47694,174],{"class":79},[65,47696,47697],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,47698,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,47700,47701,47703,47705,47707],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,47702,165],{"class":164},[65,47704,168],{"class":79},[65,47706,41130],{"class":147},[65,47708,174],{"class":79},[20,47710,191],{},[56,47712,47713],{"className":58,"code":46838,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,47714,47715],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47716,47717],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47718,46838],{"class":96},[20,47720,47721,47722,144],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[88,47723,47724,2448],{"href":5932},[15,47725,3965],{},[51,47727,47729],{"id":47728},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47731,47732,47733,47736],{},"Use the ",[15,47734,47735],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1059,47738,47740],{"id":47739},"binary-example","Binary example",[56,47742,47744],{"className":58,"code":47743,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47745,47746],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47747,47748,47750,47752,47754,47756,47758,47760,47762,47764,47766],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47749,165],{"class":164},[65,47751,168],{"class":79},[65,47753,2335],{"class":1368},[65,47755,168],{"class":79},[65,47757,84],{"class":83},[65,47759,46513],{"class":87},[65,47761,84],{"class":83},[65,47763,100],{"class":79},[65,47765,113],{"class":96},[65,47767,1870],{"class":79},[20,47769,191],{},[56,47771,47772],{"className":58,"code":3093,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,47773,47774],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47775,47776],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47777,3093],{"class":96},[20,47779,47780,47783],{},[15,47781,47782],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[30,47785,47786,47791,47796],{},[33,47787,47788],{},[15,47789,47790],{},"1 × 4",[33,47792,47793],{},[15,47794,47795],{},"0 × 2",[33,47797,47798],{},[15,47799,47800],{},"1 × 1",[20,47802,47803,47804,144],{},"So the result is ",[15,47805,2284],{},[1059,47807,47809],{"id":47808},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[56,47811,47813],{"className":58,"code":47812,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47814,47815],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47816,47817,47819,47821,47823,47825,47827,47829,47831,47833,47835],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47818,165],{"class":164},[65,47820,168],{"class":79},[65,47822,2335],{"class":1368},[65,47824,168],{"class":79},[65,47826,84],{"class":83},[65,47828,46938],{"class":87},[65,47830,84],{"class":83},[65,47832,100],{"class":79},[65,47834,14117],{"class":96},[65,47836,1870],{"class":79},[20,47838,191],{},[56,47840,47841],{"className":58,"code":46967,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,47842,47843],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47844,47845],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47846,46967],{"class":96},[1059,47848,47850],{"id":47849},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47852,22,47853,47855],{},[15,47854,47735],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47857,47858],{},"Good:",[56,47860,47861],{"className":58,"code":47743,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,47862,47863],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47864,47865,47867,47869,47871,47873,47875,47877,47879,47881,47883],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47866,165],{"class":164},[65,47868,168],{"class":79},[65,47870,2335],{"class":1368},[65,47872,168],{"class":79},[65,47874,84],{"class":83},[65,47876,46513],{"class":87},[65,47878,84],{"class":83},[65,47880,100],{"class":79},[65,47882,113],{"class":96},[65,47884,1870],{"class":79},[20,47886,47887],{},"Not correct:",[56,47889,47891],{"className":58,"code":47890,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47892,47893],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47894,47895],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47896,47890],{"class":3816},[20,47898,47899,47900,8752,47902,47904],{},"That causes a ",[15,47901,3152],{},[15,47903,47735],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[51,47906,47908],{"id":47907},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47910,47911,47912,47914,47915,1048,47917,144],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47913,3023],{}," are ",[15,47916,40622],{},[15,47918,3152],{},[1059,47920,47921],{"id":41432},[15,47922,40622],{},[20,47924,47925],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47927,350],{},[56,47929,47931],{"className":58,"code":47930,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47932,47933,47939,47957,47969],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47934,47935,47937],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47936,1488],{"class":1405},[65,47938,1411],{"class":79},[65,47940,47941,47943,47945,47947,47949,47951,47953,47955],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,47942,1431],{"class":164},[65,47944,168],{"class":79},[65,47946,2335],{"class":1368},[65,47948,168],{"class":79},[65,47950,84],{"class":83},[65,47952,40061],{"class":87},[65,47954,84],{"class":83},[65,47956,1870],{"class":79},[65,47958,47959,47961,47963,47965,47967],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,47960,1519],{"class":1405},[65,47962,41845],{"class":1368},[65,47964,47279],{"class":1405},[65,47966,47282],{"class":71},[65,47968,1411],{"class":79},[65,47970,47971,47973,47975,47977],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,47972,1431],{"class":164},[65,47974,168],{"class":79},[65,47976,47311],{"class":147},[65,47978,174],{"class":79},[20,47980,191],{},[56,47982,47984],{"className":58,"code":47983,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47985,47986],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,47987,47988,47991,47993,47995,47997,47999,48001,48003,48005,48007,48009],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,47989,47990],{"class":71},"invalid literal ",[65,47992,6110],{"class":1405},[65,47994,45197],{"class":1368},[65,47996,7515],{"class":79},[65,47998,47347],{"class":1405},[65,48000,47350],{"class":71},[65,48002,2476],{"class":96},[65,48004,93],{"class":79},[65,48006,233],{"class":83},[65,48008,40061],{"class":87},[65,48010,1379],{"class":83},[20,48012,48013,48014,48017,48018,48020],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48015,48016],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48019,3023],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[56,48022,48024],{"className":58,"code":48023,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48025,48026],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48027,48028,48030,48032,48034,48036,48038,48040,48042,48044,48046],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48029,165],{"class":164},[65,48031,168],{"class":79},[65,48033,2335],{"class":1368},[65,48035,168],{"class":79},[65,48037,2338],{"class":1368},[65,48039,168],{"class":79},[65,48041,84],{"class":83},[65,48043,40061],{"class":87},[65,48045,84],{"class":83},[65,48047,3058],{"class":79},[20,48049,191],{},[56,48051,48052],{"className":58,"code":46538,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,48053,48054],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48055,48056],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48057,46538],{"class":96},[20,48059,48060,48061,1048,48064,144],{},"If you see this often, read ",[88,48062,48063],{"href":3108},"how to convert string to int in Python",[88,48065,1546,48066],{"href":45837},[15,48067,45838],{},[1059,48069,48070],{"id":41498},[15,48071,3152],{},[20,48073,48074],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48076,350],{},[56,48078,48080],{"className":58,"code":48079,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48081,48082,48088,48102,48115],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48083,48084,48086],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48085,1488],{"class":1405},[65,48087,1411],{"class":79},[65,48089,48090,48092,48094,48096,48098,48100],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,48091,1431],{"class":164},[65,48093,168],{"class":79},[65,48095,2335],{"class":1368},[65,48097,168],{"class":79},[65,48099,3930],{"class":4005},[65,48101,1870],{"class":79},[65,48103,48104,48106,48109,48111,48113],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,48105,1519],{"class":1405},[65,48107,48108],{"class":1368}," TypeError",[65,48110,47279],{"class":1405},[65,48112,47282],{"class":71},[65,48114,1411],{"class":79},[65,48116,48117,48119,48121,48123],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,48118,1431],{"class":164},[65,48120,168],{"class":79},[65,48122,47311],{"class":147},[65,48124,174],{"class":79},[20,48126,191],{},[56,48128,48130],{"className":58,"code":48129,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48131,48132],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48133,48134,48136,48138,48141,48143,48145,48148,48150,48153,48155,48158,48160,48162,48164,48166,48169],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48135,2335],{"class":1368},[65,48137,7515],{"class":79},[65,48139,48140],{"class":71}," argument must be a string",[65,48142,100],{"class":79},[65,48144,44465],{"class":71},[65,48146,48147],{"class":1368},"bytes",[65,48149,2169],{"class":75},[65,48151,48152],{"class":71},"like ",[65,48154,42318],{"class":1368},[65,48156,48157],{"class":75}," or",[65,48159,40758],{"class":71},[65,48161,100],{"class":79},[65,48163,8250],{"class":75},[65,48165,233],{"class":83},[65,48167,48168],{"class":87},"NoneType",[65,48170,1379],{"class":83},[20,48172,48173,48174,48176],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48175,47735],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[56,48178,48180],{"className":58,"code":48179,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48181,48182,48188,48206,48218],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48183,48184,48186],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48185,1488],{"class":1405},[65,48187,1411],{"class":79},[65,48189,48190,48192,48194,48196,48198,48200,48202,48204],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,48191,1431],{"class":164},[65,48193,168],{"class":79},[65,48195,2335],{"class":1368},[65,48197,168],{"class":79},[65,48199,46513],{"class":96},[65,48201,100],{"class":79},[65,48203,113],{"class":96},[65,48205,1870],{"class":79},[65,48207,48208,48210,48212,48214,48216],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,48209,1519],{"class":1405},[65,48211,48108],{"class":1368},[65,48213,47279],{"class":1405},[65,48215,47282],{"class":71},[65,48217,1411],{"class":79},[65,48219,48220,48222,48224,48226],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,48221,1431],{"class":164},[65,48223,168],{"class":79},[65,48225,47311],{"class":147},[65,48227,174],{"class":79},[20,48229,191],{},[56,48231,48233],{"className":58,"code":48232,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48234,48235],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48236,48237,48239,48241,48244,48246],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48238,2335],{"class":1368},[65,48240,7515],{"class":79},[65,48242,48243],{"class":71}," can",[65,48245,203],{"class":83},[65,48247,48248],{"class":87},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[51,48250,1553,48252],{"id":48251},"when-to-use-int",[15,48253,3023],{},[20,48255,1309,48256,48258],{},[15,48257,3023],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48260,48261],{},"Common uses:",[30,48263,48264,48270,48273,48276],{},[33,48265,48266,48267,48269],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48268,3104],{}," into integers",[33,48271,48272],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[33,48274,48275],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[33,48277,48278,48279,36531],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48280,47735],{},[20,48282,48283],{},"Example with user input:",[56,48285,48287],{"className":58,"code":48286,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48288,48289,48303,48318,48322],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48290,48291,48294,48296,48298,48301],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48292,48293],{"class":71},"age_text ",[65,48295,76],{"class":75},[65,48297,103],{"class":83},[65,48299,48300],{"class":87},"18",[65,48302,1650],{"class":83},[65,48304,48305,48307,48309,48311,48313,48316],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,48306,21741],{"class":71},[65,48308,76],{"class":75},[65,48310,45197],{"class":1368},[65,48312,168],{"class":79},[65,48314,48315],{"class":147},"age_text",[65,48317,174],{"class":79},[65,48319,48320],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,48321,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,48323,48324,48326,48328,48330,48332,48334],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,48325,165],{"class":164},[65,48327,168],{"class":79},[65,48329,21741],{"class":147},[65,48331,2207],{"class":75},[65,48333,97],{"class":96},[65,48335,174],{"class":79},[20,48337,191],{},[56,48339,48341],{"className":58,"code":48340,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"19\n",[15,48342,48343],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48344,48345],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48346,48340],{"class":96},[51,48348,1766],{"id":1765},[20,48350,1769,48351,144],{},[15,48352,3023],{},[1059,48354,48356],{"id":48355},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48358,48359],{},"This fails:",[56,48361,48363],{"className":58,"code":48362,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48364,48365],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48366,48367],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48368,48362],{"class":3816},[20,48370,48371,48372,48375],{},"Why: ",[15,48373,48374],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48377,18956],{},[56,48379,48381],{"className":58,"code":48380,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48382,48383],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48384,48385,48387,48389,48391,48393,48395,48397,48399,48401,48403],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48386,165],{"class":164},[65,48388,168],{"class":79},[65,48390,2335],{"class":1368},[65,48392,168],{"class":79},[65,48394,2338],{"class":1368},[65,48396,168],{"class":79},[65,48398,84],{"class":83},[65,48400,41042],{"class":87},[65,48402,84],{"class":83},[65,48404,3058],{"class":79},[1059,48406,48408],{"id":48407},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48410,48359],{},[56,48412,48414],{"className":58,"code":48413,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48415,48416],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48417,48418],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48419,48413],{"class":3816},[20,48421,48422],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1059,48424,48426,48427],{"id":48425},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48428,48429],{},"int(None)",[20,48431,48432,48433,48435],{},"This fails because ",[15,48434,3930],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[56,48437,48439],{"className":58,"code":48438,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48440,48441,48450,48454,48460,48474,48486],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48442,48443,48445,48447],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48444,1189],{"class":71},[65,48446,76],{"class":75},[65,48448,48449],{"class":4005}," None\n",[65,48451,48452],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,48453,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,48455,48456,48458],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,48457,1488],{"class":1405},[65,48459,1411],{"class":79},[65,48461,48462,48464,48466,48468,48470,48472],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,48463,1431],{"class":164},[65,48465,168],{"class":79},[65,48467,2335],{"class":1368},[65,48469,168],{"class":79},[65,48471,1714],{"class":147},[65,48473,1870],{"class":79},[65,48475,48476,48478,48480,48482,48484],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,48477,1519],{"class":1405},[65,48479,48108],{"class":1368},[65,48481,47279],{"class":1405},[65,48483,47282],{"class":71},[65,48485,1411],{"class":79},[65,48487,48488,48490,48492,48494],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,48489,1431],{"class":164},[65,48491,168],{"class":79},[65,48493,47311],{"class":147},[65,48495,174],{"class":79},[1059,48497,48499],{"id":48498},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48501,48359],{},[56,48503,48504],{"className":58,"code":47890,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,48505,48506],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48507,48508],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48509,47890],{"class":3816},[20,48511,48512],{},"Use a string instead:",[56,48514,48515],{"className":58,"code":47743,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,48516,48517],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48518,48519,48521,48523,48525,48527,48529,48531,48533,48535,48537],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48520,165],{"class":164},[65,48522,168],{"class":79},[65,48524,2335],{"class":1368},[65,48526,168],{"class":79},[65,48528,84],{"class":83},[65,48530,46513],{"class":87},[65,48532,84],{"class":83},[65,48534,100],{"class":79},[65,48536,113],{"class":96},[65,48538,1870],{"class":79},[1059,48540,1792,48542,48544],{"id":48541},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48543,3023],{}," to round",[20,48546,48547],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[56,48549,48551],{"className":58,"code":48550,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48552,48553],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48554,48555,48557,48559,48561,48563,48566],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48556,165],{"class":164},[65,48558,168],{"class":79},[65,48560,2335],{"class":1368},[65,48562,168],{"class":79},[65,48564,48565],{"class":96},"4.9",[65,48567,1870],{"class":79},[20,48569,191],{},[56,48571,48573],{"className":58,"code":48572,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"4\n",[15,48574,48575],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48576,48577],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48578,48572],{"class":96},[20,48580,3317,48581,48583,48584,48586],{},[15,48582,2284],{},", remember that ",[15,48585,3023],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[51,48588,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,48590,1966,48592,48594],{"id":48591},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48593,3023],{}," round numbers?",[20,48596,46286,48597,48599],{},[15,48598,3023],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1059,48601,5308,48603,48606],{"id":48602},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48604,48605],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48608,707,48609,48611,48612,48614,48615,39847],{},[15,48610,48016],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48613,3030],{}," first, then use ",[15,48616,3023],{},[1059,48618,1953,48620,12849],{"id":48619},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48621,48622],{},"int(True)",[20,48624,5298,48625,28417,48627,42074,48629,144],{},[15,48626,3135],{},[15,48628,3827],{},[15,48630,2267],{},[1059,48632,48634],{"id":48633},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48636,48637],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[51,48639,2015],{"id":2014},[30,48641,48642,48648,48654,48660,48665,48669,48675],{},[33,48643,48644],{},[88,48645,48646,3657],{"href":3027},[15,48647,3030],{},[33,48649,48650],{},[88,48651,48652,3657],{"href":42094},[15,48653,47605],{},[33,48655,48656],{},[88,48657,48658,3657],{"href":5932},[15,48659,3965],{},[33,48661,48662],{},[88,48663,48664],{"href":3108},"How to convert string to int in Python",[33,48666,48667],{},[88,48668,9209],{"href":9131},[33,48670,48671],{},[88,48672,48673,3657],{"href":8370},[15,48674,3104],{},[33,48676,48677],{},[88,48678,2067,48679],{"href":45837},[15,48680,45838],{},[2071,48682,48683],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":48685},[48686,48687,48689,48693,48698,48700,48702,48707,48711,48713,48722,48731],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":46550,"depth":133,"text":48688},"What int() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283,"children":48690},[48691,48692],{"id":46741,"depth":154,"text":46744},{"id":46841,"depth":154,"text":46844},{"id":46977,"depth":133,"text":48694,"children":48695},"Using int() with strings",[48696,48697],{"id":47099,"depth":154,"text":47100},{"id":47187,"depth":154,"text":47188},{"id":47462,"depth":133,"text":48699},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47608,"depth":133,"text":48701},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47728,"depth":133,"text":47729,"children":48703},[48704,48705,48706],{"id":47739,"depth":154,"text":47740},{"id":47808,"depth":154,"text":47809},{"id":47849,"depth":154,"text":47850},{"id":47907,"depth":133,"text":47908,"children":48708},[48709,48710],{"id":41432,"depth":154,"text":40622},{"id":41498,"depth":154,"text":3152},{"id":48251,"depth":133,"text":48712},"When to use int()",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":48714},[48715,48716,48717,48719,48720],{"id":48355,"depth":154,"text":48356},{"id":48407,"depth":154,"text":48408},{"id":48425,"depth":154,"text":48718},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48498,"depth":154,"text":48499},{"id":48541,"depth":154,"text":48721},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":48723},[48724,48726,48728,48730],{"id":48591,"depth":154,"text":48725},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48602,"depth":154,"text":48727},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48619,"depth":154,"text":48729},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48633,"depth":154,"text":48634},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42015,"description":48732},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48739,"title":48740,"body":48741,"description":50577,"extension":2111,"meta":50578,"navigation":157,"path":44723,"seo":50579,"stem":50580,"__hash__":50581},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48742,"toc":50533},[48743,48748,48753,48761,48770,48772,48831,48837,48842,48847,48850,48878,48881,48884,48895,48905,48907,48909,48929,48933,48961,48963,49002,49004,49012,49014,49017,49021,49074,49076,49088,49092,49149,49151,49163,49169,49175,49179,49182,49185,49251,49253,49265,49271,49273,49325,49328,49369,49372,49379,49388,49394,49397,49430,49436,49439,49470,49476,49479,49491,49495,49500,49504,49662,49664,49679,49682,49686,49790,49792,49809,49813,49874,49876,49884,49887,49891,49958,49960,49969,49975,49977,49986,49988,50023,50028,50030,50060,50064,50066,50103,50106,50108,50145,50151,50153,50203,50205,50213,50223,50229,50233,50238,50287,50289,50302,50305,50307,50310,50385,50388,50407,50410,50440,50450,50452,50457,50464,50470,50476,50483,50491,50497,50500,50502,50530],[10,48744,3724,48746,3728],{"id":48745},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48747,44726],{},[20,48749,48750,48752],{},[15,48751,44726],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48754,48755,48756,3024,48758,48760],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48757,3753],{},[15,48759,3827],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48762,48763,48764,48766,48767,48769],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48765,44726],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48768,2447],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[51,48771,3758],{"id":3757},[56,48773,48775],{"className":58,"code":48774,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48776,48777,48785,48789,48810],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48778,48779,48781,48783],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48780,1189],{"class":71},[65,48782,76],{"class":75},[65,48784,2733],{"class":96},[65,48786,48787],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,48788,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,48790,48791,48793,48795,48798,48800,48802,48804,48806,48808],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,48792,165],{"class":164},[65,48794,168],{"class":79},[65,48796,48797],{"class":164},"isinstance",[65,48799,168],{"class":79},[65,48801,1714],{"class":147},[65,48803,100],{"class":79},[65,48805,45197],{"class":1368},[65,48807,5513],{"class":79},[65,48809,43775],{"class":3816},[65,48811,48812,48814,48816,48818,48820,48822,48824,48827,48829],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,48813,165],{"class":164},[65,48815,168],{"class":79},[65,48817,48797],{"class":164},[65,48819,168],{"class":79},[65,48821,1714],{"class":147},[65,48823,100],{"class":79},[65,48825,48826],{"class":1368}," str",[65,48828,5513],{"class":79},[65,48830,43792],{"class":3816},[20,48832,1309,48833,48836],{},[15,48834,48835],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[51,48838,252,48840,255],{"id":48839},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48841,44726],{},[20,48843,48844,48846],{},[15,48845,44726],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48848,48849],{},"It:",[30,48851,48852,48855,48861,48864],{},[33,48853,48854],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[33,48856,11566,48857,3024,48859],{},[15,48858,3753],{},[15,48860,3827],{},[33,48862,48863],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[33,48865,48866,48867,1028,48869,1028,48871,1028,48873,1035,48876],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48868,3591],{},[15,48870,2335],{},[15,48872,8244],{},[15,48874,48875],{},"tuple",[15,48877,8972],{},[20,48879,48880],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48882,48883],{},"For example, you might want to:",[30,48885,48886,48889,48892],{},[33,48887,48888],{},"loop through a list",[33,48890,48891],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[33,48893,48894],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48896,48897,48898,3024,48901,144],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[88,48899,44718],{"href":48900},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[88,48902,48904],{"href":48903},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[51,48906,283],{"id":282},[20,48908,2307],{},[56,48910,48912],{"className":58,"code":48911,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48913,48914],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48915,48916,48918,48920,48922,48924,48927],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48917,48797],{"class":164},[65,48919,168],{"class":79},[65,48921,42318],{"class":1368},[65,48923,100],{"class":79},[65,48925,48926],{"class":147}," classinfo",[65,48928,174],{"class":79},[1059,48930,48932],{"id":48931},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[30,48934,48935,48940,48954],{},[33,48936,48937,48939],{},[15,48938,42318],{}," is the value you want to test",[33,48941,48942,48945,48946,1028,48948,1028,48950,2339,48952],{},[15,48943,48944],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48947,2335],{},[15,48949,3591],{},[15,48951,8244],{},[15,48953,8972],{},[33,48955,48956,48957,3024,48959],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48958,3753],{},[15,48960,3827],{},[20,48962,350],{},[56,48964,48966],{"className":58,"code":48965,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48967,48968,48980,48984],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,48969,48970,48972,48974,48976,48978],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,48971,8027],{"class":71},[65,48973,76],{"class":75},[65,48975,103],{"class":83},[65,48977,11646],{"class":87},[65,48979,1650],{"class":83},[65,48981,48982],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,48983,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,48985,48986,48988,48990,48992,48994,48996,48998,49000],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,48987,165],{"class":164},[65,48989,168],{"class":79},[65,48991,48797],{"class":164},[65,48993,168],{"class":79},[65,48995,369],{"class":147},[65,48997,100],{"class":79},[65,48999,48826],{"class":1368},[65,49001,1870],{"class":79},[20,49003,191],{},[56,49005,49006],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,49007,49008],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49009,49010],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49011,4134],{"class":4005},[51,49013,506],{"id":505},[20,49015,49016],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1059,49018,49020],{"id":49019},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[56,49022,49024],{"className":58,"code":49023,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49025,49026,49034,49038,49056],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49027,49028,49030,49032],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49029,1189],{"class":71},[65,49031,76],{"class":75},[65,49033,45146],{"class":96},[65,49035,49036],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,49037,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,49039,49040,49042,49044,49046,49048,49050,49052,49054],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,49041,165],{"class":164},[65,49043,168],{"class":79},[65,49045,48797],{"class":164},[65,49047,168],{"class":79},[65,49049,1714],{"class":147},[65,49051,100],{"class":79},[65,49053,45197],{"class":1368},[65,49055,1870],{"class":79},[65,49057,49058,49060,49062,49064,49066,49068,49070,49072],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,49059,165],{"class":164},[65,49061,168],{"class":79},[65,49063,48797],{"class":164},[65,49065,168],{"class":79},[65,49067,1714],{"class":147},[65,49069,100],{"class":79},[65,49071,48826],{"class":1368},[65,49073,1870],{"class":79},[20,49075,191],{},[56,49077,49078],{"className":58,"code":44094,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,49079,49080,49084],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49081,49082],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49083,4134],{"class":4005},[65,49085,49086],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,49087,4195],{"class":4005},[1059,49089,49091],{"id":49090},"check-text","Check text",[56,49093,49095],{"className":58,"code":49094,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49096,49097,49109,49113,49131],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49098,49099,49101,49103,49105,49107],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49100,34600],{"class":71},[65,49102,76],{"class":75},[65,49104,103],{"class":83},[65,49106,3998],{"class":87},[65,49108,1650],{"class":83},[65,49110,49111],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,49112,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,49114,49115,49117,49119,49121,49123,49125,49127,49129],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,49116,165],{"class":164},[65,49118,168],{"class":79},[65,49120,48797],{"class":164},[65,49122,168],{"class":79},[65,49124,34621],{"class":147},[65,49126,100],{"class":79},[65,49128,48826],{"class":1368},[65,49130,1870],{"class":79},[65,49132,49133,49135,49137,49139,49141,49143,49145,49147],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,49134,165],{"class":164},[65,49136,168],{"class":79},[65,49138,48797],{"class":164},[65,49140,168],{"class":79},[65,49142,34621],{"class":147},[65,49144,100],{"class":79},[65,49146,45197],{"class":1368},[65,49148,1870],{"class":79},[20,49150,191],{},[56,49152,49153],{"className":58,"code":44094,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,49154,49155,49159],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49156,49157],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49158,4134],{"class":4005},[65,49160,49161],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,49162,4195],{"class":4005},[20,49164,49165,49166,49168],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49167,44726],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49170,49171,49172,144],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[88,49173,49174],{"href":3108},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[51,49176,49178],{"id":49177},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49180,49181],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49183,49184],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[56,49186,49188],{"className":58,"code":49187,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49189,49190,49199,49203,49227],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49191,49192,49194,49196],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49193,1189],{"class":71},[65,49195,76],{"class":75},[65,49197,49198],{"class":96}," 3.5\n",[65,49200,49201],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,49202,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,49204,49205,49207,49209,49211,49213,49215,49217,49219,49221,49223,49225],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,49206,165],{"class":164},[65,49208,168],{"class":79},[65,49210,48797],{"class":164},[65,49212,168],{"class":79},[65,49214,1714],{"class":147},[65,49216,100],{"class":79},[65,49218,648],{"class":79},[65,49220,2335],{"class":1368},[65,49222,100],{"class":79},[65,49224,40173],{"class":1368},[65,49226,3058],{"class":79},[65,49228,49229,49231,49233,49235,49237,49239,49241,49243,49245,49247,49249],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,49230,165],{"class":164},[65,49232,168],{"class":79},[65,49234,48797],{"class":164},[65,49236,168],{"class":79},[65,49238,1714],{"class":147},[65,49240,100],{"class":79},[65,49242,648],{"class":79},[65,49244,3591],{"class":1368},[65,49246,100],{"class":79},[65,49248,22667],{"class":1368},[65,49250,3058],{"class":79},[20,49252,191],{},[56,49254,49255],{"className":58,"code":44094,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,49256,49257,49261],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49258,49259],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49260,4134],{"class":4005},[65,49262,49263],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,49264,4195],{"class":4005},[20,49266,49267,49268,49270],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49269,40755],{}," conditions.",[20,49272,8449],{},[56,49274,49276],{"className":58,"code":49275,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49277,49278,49286,49290],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49279,49280,49282,49284],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49281,1189],{"class":71},[65,49283,76],{"class":75},[65,49285,49198],{"class":96},[65,49287,49288],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,49289,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,49291,49292,49294,49296,49298,49300,49302,49304,49306,49308,49310,49313,49315,49317,49319,49321,49323],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,49293,165],{"class":164},[65,49295,168],{"class":79},[65,49297,3370],{"class":1368},[65,49299,168],{"class":79},[65,49301,1714],{"class":147},[65,49303,3813],{"class":79},[65,49305,6561],{"class":75},[65,49307,45197],{"class":1368},[65,49309,48157],{"class":1405},[65,49311,49312],{"class":1368}," type",[65,49314,168],{"class":79},[65,49316,1714],{"class":147},[65,49318,3813],{"class":79},[65,49320,6561],{"class":75},[65,49322,40173],{"class":1368},[65,49324,174],{"class":79},[20,49326,49327],{},"you can write this:",[56,49329,49331],{"className":58,"code":49330,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49332,49333,49341,49345],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49334,49335,49337,49339],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49336,1189],{"class":71},[65,49338,76],{"class":75},[65,49340,49198],{"class":96},[65,49342,49343],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,49344,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,49346,49347,49349,49351,49353,49355,49357,49359,49361,49363,49365,49367],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,49348,165],{"class":164},[65,49350,168],{"class":79},[65,49352,48797],{"class":164},[65,49354,168],{"class":79},[65,49356,1714],{"class":147},[65,49358,100],{"class":79},[65,49360,648],{"class":79},[65,49362,2335],{"class":1368},[65,49364,100],{"class":79},[65,49366,40173],{"class":1368},[65,49368,3058],{"class":79},[20,49370,49371],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[51,49373,49375,10729,49377],{"id":49374},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49376,44726],{},[15,49378,2447],{},[20,49380,10734,49381,1048,49383,49387],{},[15,49382,44726],{},[88,49384,49385],{"href":2444},[15,49386,2447],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1059,49389,49391],{"id":49390},"typevalue-int",[15,49392,49393],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49395,49396],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[56,49398,49400],{"className":58,"code":49399,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49401,49402,49410],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49403,49404,49406,49408],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49405,1189],{"class":71},[65,49407,76],{"class":75},[65,49409,2733],{"class":96},[65,49411,49412,49414,49416,49418,49420,49422,49424,49426,49428],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,49413,165],{"class":164},[65,49415,168],{"class":79},[65,49417,3370],{"class":1368},[65,49419,168],{"class":79},[65,49421,1714],{"class":147},[65,49423,3813],{"class":79},[65,49425,6561],{"class":75},[65,49427,45197],{"class":1368},[65,49429,174],{"class":79},[1059,49431,49433],{"id":49432},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49434,49435],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49437,49438],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[56,49440,49442],{"className":58,"code":49441,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49443,49444,49452],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49445,49446,49448,49450],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49447,1189],{"class":71},[65,49449,76],{"class":75},[65,49451,2733],{"class":96},[65,49453,49454,49456,49458,49460,49462,49464,49466,49468],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,49455,165],{"class":164},[65,49457,168],{"class":79},[65,49459,48797],{"class":164},[65,49461,168],{"class":79},[65,49463,1714],{"class":147},[65,49465,100],{"class":79},[65,49467,45197],{"class":1368},[65,49469,1870],{"class":79},[20,49471,49472,49473,49475],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49474,44726],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49477,49478],{},"In everyday code:",[30,49480,49481,49486],{},[33,49482,39908,49483,49485],{},[15,49484,2447],{}," when you need the exact type",[33,49487,39908,49488,49490],{},[15,49489,44726],{}," when you want a practical type check",[51,49492,49494],{"id":49493},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49496,49497,49498,144],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49499,44726],{},[1059,49501,49503],{"id":49502},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[56,49505,49507],{"className":58,"code":49506,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49508,49509,49527,49546,49558,49563,49581,49592,49596,49608,49612,49636],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49510,49511,49513,49516,49518,49520,49522,49525],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49512,34764],{"class":1696},[65,49514,49515],{"class":34767}," repeat_text",[65,49517,168],{"class":79},[65,49519,34621],{"class":37579},[65,49521,100],{"class":79},[65,49523,49524],{"class":37579}," count",[65,49526,8493],{"class":79},[65,49528,49529,49531,49533,49536,49538,49540,49542,49544],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,49530,6551],{"class":1405},[65,49532,8250],{"class":75},[65,49534,49535],{"class":164}," isinstance",[65,49537,168],{"class":79},[65,49539,34621],{"class":147},[65,49541,100],{"class":79},[65,49543,48826],{"class":1368},[65,49545,8493],{"class":79},[65,49547,49548,49551,49553,49556],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,49549,49550],{"class":1405},"        return",[65,49552,103],{"class":83},[65,49554,49555],{"class":87},"text must be a string",[65,49557,1650],{"class":83},[65,49559,49560],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,49561,49562],{"class":71},"    \n",[65,49564,49565,49567,49569,49571,49573,49575,49577,49579],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,49566,6551],{"class":1405},[65,49568,8250],{"class":75},[65,49570,49535],{"class":164},[65,49572,168],{"class":79},[65,49574,41178],{"class":147},[65,49576,100],{"class":79},[65,49578,45197],{"class":1368},[65,49580,8493],{"class":79},[65,49582,49583,49585,49587,49590],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,49584,49550],{"class":1405},[65,49586,103],{"class":83},[65,49588,49589],{"class":87},"count must be an integer",[65,49591,1650],{"class":83},[65,49593,49594],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,49595,49562],{"class":71},[65,49597,49598,49600,49603,49605],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,49599,34775],{"class":1405},[65,49601,49602],{"class":71}," text ",[65,49604,39790],{"class":75},[65,49606,49607],{"class":71}," count\n",[65,49609,49610],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,49611,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,49613,49614,49616,49618,49621,49623,49625,49628,49630,49632,49634],{"class":67,"line":6587},[65,49615,165],{"class":164},[65,49617,168],{"class":79},[65,49619,49620],{"class":147},"repeat_text",[65,49622,168],{"class":79},[65,49624,84],{"class":83},[65,49626,49627],{"class":87},"Hi ",[65,49629,84],{"class":83},[65,49631,100],{"class":79},[65,49633,127],{"class":96},[65,49635,1870],{"class":79},[65,49637,49638,49640,49642,49644,49646,49648,49650,49652,49654,49656,49658,49660],{"class":67,"line":11731},[65,49639,165],{"class":164},[65,49641,168],{"class":79},[65,49643,49620],{"class":147},[65,49645,168],{"class":79},[65,49647,84],{"class":83},[65,49649,49627],{"class":87},[65,49651,84],{"class":83},[65,49653,100],{"class":79},[65,49655,103],{"class":83},[65,49657,2210],{"class":87},[65,49659,84],{"class":83},[65,49661,1870],{"class":79},[20,49663,191],{},[56,49665,49667],{"className":58,"code":49666,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49668,49669,49674],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49670,49671],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49672,49673],{"class":71},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[65,49675,49676],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,49677,49678],{"class":71},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49680,49681],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1059,49683,49685],{"id":49684},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[56,49687,49689],{"className":58,"code":49688,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49690,49691,49723,49727,49743,49758,49775],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49692,49693,49695,49697,49699,49701,49703,49705,49707,49709,49711,49713,49715,49717,49719,49721],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49694,1189],{"class":71},[65,49696,76],{"class":75},[65,49698,3773],{"class":79},[65,49700,84],{"class":83},[65,49702,88],{"class":87},[65,49704,84],{"class":83},[65,49706,100],{"class":79},[65,49708,103],{"class":83},[65,49710,106],{"class":87},[65,49712,84],{"class":83},[65,49714,100],{"class":79},[65,49716,103],{"class":83},[65,49718,120],{"class":87},[65,49720,84],{"class":83},[65,49722,3786],{"class":79},[65,49724,49725],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,49726,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,49728,49729,49731,49733,49735,49737,49739,49741],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,49730,1406],{"class":1405},[65,49732,49535],{"class":164},[65,49734,168],{"class":79},[65,49736,1714],{"class":147},[65,49738,100],{"class":79},[65,49740,48826],{"class":1368},[65,49742,8493],{"class":79},[65,49744,49745,49747,49749,49751,49754,49756],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,49746,1431],{"class":164},[65,49748,168],{"class":79},[65,49750,84],{"class":83},[65,49752,49753],{"class":87},"This is text",[65,49755,84],{"class":83},[65,49757,174],{"class":79},[65,49759,49760,49763,49765,49767,49769,49771,49773],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,49761,49762],{"class":1405},"elif",[65,49764,49535],{"class":164},[65,49766,168],{"class":79},[65,49768,1714],{"class":147},[65,49770,100],{"class":79},[65,49772,22667],{"class":1368},[65,49774,8493],{"class":79},[65,49776,49777,49779,49781,49783,49786,49788],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,49778,1431],{"class":164},[65,49780,168],{"class":79},[65,49782,84],{"class":83},[65,49784,49785],{"class":87},"This is a list",[65,49787,84],{"class":83},[65,49789,174],{"class":79},[20,49791,191],{},[56,49793,49795],{"className":58,"code":49794,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"This is a list\n",[15,49796,49797],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49798,49799,49802,49804,49806],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49800,49801],{"class":71},"This ",[65,49803,12329],{"class":75},[65,49805,44465],{"class":71},[65,49807,49808],{"class":1368},"list\n",[1059,49810,49812],{"id":49811},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[56,49814,49816],{"className":58,"code":49815,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49817,49818,49830,49834,49850,49864],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49819,49820,49822,49824,49826,49828],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49821,1189],{"class":71},[65,49823,76],{"class":75},[65,49825,103],{"class":83},[65,49827,46447],{"class":87},[65,49829,1650],{"class":83},[65,49831,49832],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,49833,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,49835,49836,49838,49840,49842,49844,49846,49848],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,49837,1406],{"class":1405},[65,49839,49535],{"class":164},[65,49841,168],{"class":79},[65,49843,1714],{"class":147},[65,49845,100],{"class":79},[65,49847,48826],{"class":1368},[65,49849,8493],{"class":79},[65,49851,49852,49854,49856,49858,49860,49862],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,49853,41809],{"class":71},[65,49855,76],{"class":75},[65,49857,45197],{"class":1368},[65,49859,168],{"class":79},[65,49861,1714],{"class":147},[65,49863,174],{"class":79},[65,49865,49866,49868,49870,49872],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,49867,1431],{"class":164},[65,49869,168],{"class":79},[65,49871,2385],{"class":147},[65,49873,174],{"class":79},[20,49875,191],{},[56,49877,49878],{"className":58,"code":46533,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,49879,49880],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49881,49882],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49883,46533],{"class":96},[20,49885,49886],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1059,49888,49890],{"id":49889},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[56,49892,49894],{"className":58,"code":49893,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49895,49896,49920,49924,49940],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49897,49898,49900,49902,49904,49906,49908,49910,49912,49914,49916,49918],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49899,1189],{"class":71},[65,49901,76],{"class":75},[65,49903,80],{"class":79},[65,49905,84],{"class":83},[65,49907,369],{"class":87},[65,49909,84],{"class":83},[65,49911,93],{"class":79},[65,49913,103],{"class":83},[65,49915,542],{"class":87},[65,49917,84],{"class":83},[65,49919,130],{"class":79},[65,49921,49922],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,49923,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,49925,49926,49928,49930,49932,49934,49936,49938],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,49927,1406],{"class":1405},[65,49929,49535],{"class":164},[65,49931,168],{"class":79},[65,49933,1714],{"class":147},[65,49935,100],{"class":79},[65,49937,9321],{"class":1368},[65,49939,8493],{"class":79},[65,49941,49942,49944,49946,49948,49950,49952,49954,49956],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,49943,1431],{"class":164},[65,49945,168],{"class":79},[65,49947,1714],{"class":147},[65,49949,4054],{"class":79},[65,49951,84],{"class":83},[65,49953,369],{"class":87},[65,49955,84],{"class":83},[65,49957,4042],{"class":79},[20,49959,191],{},[56,49961,49963],{"className":58,"code":49962,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Ana\n",[15,49964,49965],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49966,49967],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49968,49962],{"class":71},[20,49970,49971,49972,49974],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49973,3152],{}," messages later.",[51,49976,4675],{"id":4674},[1059,49978,49980,49981,11237,49984],{"id":49979},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49982,49983],{},"\"int\"",[15,49985,2335],{},[20,49987,16764],{},[56,49989,49991],{"className":58,"code":49990,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49992,49993,50001],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,49994,49995,49997,49999],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,49996,1189],{"class":71},[65,49998,76],{"class":75},[65,50000,2733],{"class":96},[65,50002,50003,50005,50007,50009,50011,50013,50015,50017,50019,50021],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,50004,165],{"class":164},[65,50006,168],{"class":79},[65,50008,48797],{"class":164},[65,50010,168],{"class":79},[65,50012,1714],{"class":147},[65,50014,100],{"class":79},[65,50016,103],{"class":83},[65,50018,2335],{"class":87},[65,50020,84],{"class":83},[65,50022,1870],{"class":79},[20,50024,50025,50027],{},[15,50026,49983],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50029,16776],{},[56,50031,50032],{"className":58,"code":49441,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,50033,50034,50042],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,50035,50036,50038,50040],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,50037,1189],{"class":71},[65,50039,76],{"class":75},[65,50041,2733],{"class":96},[65,50043,50044,50046,50048,50050,50052,50054,50056,50058],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,50045,165],{"class":164},[65,50047,168],{"class":79},[65,50049,48797],{"class":164},[65,50051,168],{"class":79},[65,50053,1714],{"class":147},[65,50055,100],{"class":79},[65,50057,45197],{"class":1368},[65,50059,1870],{"class":79},[1059,50061,50063],{"id":50062},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50065,16764],{},[56,50067,50069],{"className":58,"code":50068,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50070,50071,50079],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,50072,50073,50075,50077],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,50074,1189],{"class":71},[65,50076,76],{"class":75},[65,50078,34755],{"class":96},[65,50080,50081,50083,50085,50087,50089,50091,50093,50095,50097,50099,50101],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,50082,165],{"class":164},[65,50084,168],{"class":79},[65,50086,48797],{"class":164},[65,50088,168],{"class":79},[65,50090,1714],{"class":147},[65,50092,100],{"class":79},[65,50094,3773],{"class":79},[65,50096,2335],{"class":1368},[65,50098,100],{"class":79},[65,50100,40173],{"class":1368},[65,50102,3146],{"class":79},[20,50104,50105],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50107,16776],{},[56,50109,50111],{"className":58,"code":50110,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50112,50113,50121],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,50114,50115,50117,50119],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,50116,1189],{"class":71},[65,50118,76],{"class":75},[65,50120,34755],{"class":96},[65,50122,50123,50125,50127,50129,50131,50133,50135,50137,50139,50141,50143],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,50124,165],{"class":164},[65,50126,168],{"class":79},[65,50128,48797],{"class":164},[65,50130,168],{"class":79},[65,50132,1714],{"class":147},[65,50134,100],{"class":79},[65,50136,648],{"class":79},[65,50138,2335],{"class":1368},[65,50140,100],{"class":79},[65,50142,40173],{"class":1368},[65,50144,3058],{"class":79},[1059,50146,25881,50148,50150],{"id":50147},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50149,44726],{}," converts a value",[20,50152,19029],{},[56,50154,50156],{"className":58,"code":50155,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50157,50158,50171,50189,50193],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,50159,50160,50162,50164,50166,50169],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,50161,1189],{"class":71},[65,50163,76],{"class":75},[65,50165,103],{"class":83},[65,50167,50168],{"class":87},"123",[65,50170,1650],{"class":83},[65,50172,50173,50175,50177,50179,50181,50183,50185,50187],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,50174,401],{"class":71},[65,50176,76],{"class":75},[65,50178,49535],{"class":164},[65,50180,168],{"class":79},[65,50182,1714],{"class":147},[65,50184,100],{"class":79},[65,50186,45197],{"class":1368},[65,50188,174],{"class":79},[65,50190,50191],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,50192,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,50194,50195,50197,50199,50201],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,50196,165],{"class":164},[65,50198,168],{"class":79},[65,50200,425],{"class":147},[65,50202,174],{"class":79},[20,50204,191],{},[56,50206,50207],{"className":58,"code":4195,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,50208,50209],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,50210,50211],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,50212,4195],{"class":4005},[20,50214,50215,50216,50219,50220,50222],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50217,50218],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50221,50168],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50224,50225,50226,328],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50227,50228],{},"int(value)",[1059,50230,50232],{"id":50231},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50234,50235,50237],{},[15,50236,44726],{}," does not modify anything.",[56,50239,50241],{"className":58,"code":50240,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50242,50243,50255,50259,50277],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,50244,50245,50247,50249,50251,50253],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,50246,1189],{"class":71},[65,50248,76],{"class":75},[65,50250,103],{"class":83},[65,50252,13687],{"class":87},[65,50254,1650],{"class":83},[65,50256,50257],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,50258,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,50260,50261,50263,50265,50267,50269,50271,50273,50275],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,50262,165],{"class":164},[65,50264,168],{"class":79},[65,50266,48797],{"class":164},[65,50268,168],{"class":79},[65,50270,1714],{"class":147},[65,50272,100],{"class":79},[65,50274,48826],{"class":1368},[65,50276,1870],{"class":79},[65,50278,50279,50281,50283,50285],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,50280,165],{"class":164},[65,50282,168],{"class":79},[65,50284,1714],{"class":147},[65,50286,174],{"class":79},[20,50288,191],{},[56,50290,50292],{"className":58,"code":50291,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"True\n100\n",[15,50293,50294,50298],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,50295,50296],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,50297,4134],{"class":4005},[65,50299,50300],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,50301,47184],{"class":96},[20,50303,50304],{},"The value stays the same.",[51,50306,26049],{"id":26048},[20,50308,50309],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[56,50311,50313],{"className":58,"code":50312,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50314,50315,50329,50347,50371],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,50316,50317,50319,50321,50323,50325,50327],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,50318,165],{"class":164},[65,50320,168],{"class":79},[65,50322,3370],{"class":1368},[65,50324,168],{"class":79},[65,50326,1714],{"class":147},[65,50328,1870],{"class":79},[65,50330,50331,50333,50335,50337,50339,50341,50343,50345],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,50332,165],{"class":164},[65,50334,168],{"class":79},[65,50336,48797],{"class":164},[65,50338,168],{"class":79},[65,50340,1714],{"class":147},[65,50342,100],{"class":79},[65,50344,45197],{"class":1368},[65,50346,1870],{"class":79},[65,50348,50349,50351,50353,50355,50357,50359,50361,50363,50365,50367,50369],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,50350,165],{"class":164},[65,50352,168],{"class":79},[65,50354,48797],{"class":164},[65,50356,168],{"class":79},[65,50358,1714],{"class":147},[65,50360,100],{"class":79},[65,50362,648],{"class":79},[65,50364,2335],{"class":1368},[65,50366,100],{"class":79},[65,50368,40173],{"class":1368},[65,50370,3058],{"class":79},[65,50372,50373,50375,50377,50379,50381,50383],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,50374,165],{"class":164},[65,50376,168],{"class":79},[65,50378,41698],{"class":164},[65,50380,168],{"class":79},[65,50382,1714],{"class":147},[65,50384,1870],{"class":79},[20,50386,50387],{},"These can help when:",[30,50389,50390,50393,50398,50401],{},[33,50391,50392],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[33,50394,50395,50396],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50397,3152],{},[33,50399,50400],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[33,50402,50403,50404,50406],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50405,44726],{}," is invalid",[20,50408,50409],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[30,50411,50412,50426,50432,50437],{},[33,50413,50414,50415,3024,50418,50421,50422,3024,50424],{},"using ",[15,50416,50417],{},"'int'",[15,50419,50420],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50423,2335],{},[15,50425,3591],{},[33,50427,50428,50429,50431],{},"expecting ",[15,50430,44726],{}," to convert a value",[33,50433,50414,50434,50436],{},[15,50435,2447],{}," when inherited types should also match",[33,50438,50439],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50441,50442,50443,144],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[88,50444,50446,50447],{"href":50445},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50448,50449],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[51,50451,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,50453,1953,50455,1956],{"id":50454},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50456,44726],{},[20,50458,5298,50459,50461,50462,144],{},[15,50460,3753],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50463,3827],{},[1059,50465,5320,50467,50469],{"id":50466},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50468,44726],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50471,50472,50473,144],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50474,50475],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1059,50477,5330,50479,1048,50481,2637],{"id":50478},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50480,44726],{},[15,50482,2447],{},[20,50484,50485,50487,50488,50490],{},[15,50486,2447],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50489,44726],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1059,50492,1966,50494,50496],{"id":50493},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50495,44726],{}," convert a value?",[20,50498,50499],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[51,50501,2015],{"id":2014},[30,50503,50504,50510,50514,50519,50524],{},[33,50505,50506],{},[88,50507,3724,50508,3657],{"href":2444},[15,50509,2447],{},[33,50511,50512],{},[88,50513,44718],{"href":48900},[33,50515,50516],{},[88,50517,50518],{"href":3108},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[33,50520,50521],{},[88,50522,50523],{"href":48903},"What is a data type in Python?",[33,50525,50526],{},[88,50527,50446,50528],{"href":50445},[15,50529,50449],{},[2071,50531,50532],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":50534},[50535,50536,50538,50541,50545,50546,50551,50557,50565,50566,50576],{"id":3757,"depth":133,"text":3758},{"id":48839,"depth":133,"text":50537},"What isinstance() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283,"children":50539},[50540],{"id":48931,"depth":154,"text":48932},{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506,"children":50542},[50543,50544],{"id":49019,"depth":154,"text":49020},{"id":49090,"depth":154,"text":49091},{"id":49177,"depth":133,"text":49178},{"id":49374,"depth":133,"text":50547,"children":50548},"isinstance() vs type()",[50549,50550],{"id":49390,"depth":154,"text":49393},{"id":49432,"depth":154,"text":49435},{"id":49493,"depth":133,"text":49494,"children":50552},[50553,50554,50555,50556],{"id":49502,"depth":154,"text":49503},{"id":49684,"depth":154,"text":49685},{"id":49811,"depth":154,"text":49812},{"id":49889,"depth":154,"text":49890},{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675,"children":50558},[50559,50561,50562,50564],{"id":49979,"depth":154,"text":50560},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50062,"depth":154,"text":50063},{"id":50147,"depth":154,"text":50563},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50231,"depth":154,"text":50232},{"id":26048,"depth":133,"text":26049},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":50567},[50568,50570,50572,50574],{"id":50454,"depth":154,"text":50569},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50466,"depth":154,"text":50571},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50478,"depth":154,"text":50573},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50493,"depth":154,"text":50575},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48740,"description":50577},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50583,"title":50584,"body":50585,"description":52558,"extension":2111,"meta":52559,"navigation":157,"path":52560,"seo":52561,"stem":52562,"__hash__":52563},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50586,"toc":52533},[50587,50590,50595,50600,50614,50617,50619,50694,50699,50703,50708,50711,50725,50727,50893,50906,50908,50910,50925,50928,50931,50944,50946,51044,51048,51054,51057,51066,51068,51103,51108,51129,51134,51139,51171,51174,51231,51235,51241,51244,51297,51299,51339,51342,51410,51413,51464,51471,51475,51481,51566,51572,51578,51627,51630,51633,51683,51685,51690,51694,51744,51748,51795,51799,51876,51880,51945,51948,51952,51957,51962,51974,51976,51995,52001,52004,52023,52028,52055,52062,52066,52072,52075,52170,52173,52176,52225,52230,52232,52236,52271,52274,52331,52341,52344,52378,52381,52383,52387,52390,52394,52397,52401,52404,52408,52421,52425,52430,52432,52482,52494,52496,52530],[10,50588,50584],{"id":50589},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50591,9274,50592,50594],{},[15,50593,42280],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50596,35319,50597,50599],{},[15,50598,42280],{}," to count:",[30,50601,50602,50605,50608,50611],{},[33,50603,50604],{},"characters in a string",[33,50606,50607],{},"items in a list or tuple",[33,50609,50610],{},"keys in a dictionary",[33,50612,50613],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50615,50616],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[51,50618,54],{"id":53},[56,50620,50622],{"className":58,"code":50621,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50623,50624,50636,50656,50660,50677],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,50625,50626,50628,50630,50632,50634],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,50627,34600],{"class":71},[65,50629,76],{"class":75},[65,50631,103],{"class":83},[65,50633,3998],{"class":87},[65,50635,1650],{"class":83},[65,50637,50638,50640,50642,50644,50646,50648,50650,50652,50654],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,50639,7929],{"class":71},[65,50641,76],{"class":75},[65,50643,3773],{"class":79},[65,50645,2476],{"class":96},[65,50647,100],{"class":79},[65,50649,7940],{"class":96},[65,50651,100],{"class":79},[65,50653,7945],{"class":96},[65,50655,3786],{"class":79},[65,50657,50658],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,50659,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,50661,50662,50664,50666,50668,50670,50672,50674],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,50663,165],{"class":164},[65,50665,168],{"class":79},[65,50667,1863],{"class":164},[65,50669,168],{"class":79},[65,50671,34621],{"class":147},[65,50673,5513],{"class":79},[65,50675,50676],{"class":3816},"   # 5\n",[65,50678,50679,50681,50683,50685,50687,50689,50691],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,50680,165],{"class":164},[65,50682,168],{"class":79},[65,50684,1863],{"class":164},[65,50686,168],{"class":79},[65,50688,7960],{"class":147},[65,50690,5513],{"class":79},[65,50692,50693],{"class":3816},"  # 3\n",[20,50695,1309,50696,50698],{},[15,50697,42280],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[51,50700,50702],{"id":50701},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50704,50705,50707],{},[15,50706,42280],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50709,50710],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[30,50712,50713,50716,50719,50722],{},[33,50714,50715],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[33,50717,50718],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[33,50720,50721],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[33,50723,50724],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50726,350],{},[56,50728,50730],{"className":58,"code":50729,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50731,50732,50744,50769,50801,50821,50825,50842,50859,50876],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,50733,50734,50736,50738,50740,50742],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,50735,8027],{"class":71},[65,50737,76],{"class":75},[65,50739,103],{"class":83},[65,50741,7826],{"class":87},[65,50743,1650],{"class":83},[65,50745,50746,50748,50750,50752,50754,50756,50758,50760,50762,50764,50767],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,50747,3768],{"class":71},[65,50749,76],{"class":75},[65,50751,3773],{"class":79},[65,50753,2476],{"class":96},[65,50755,100],{"class":79},[65,50757,7940],{"class":96},[65,50759,100],{"class":79},[65,50761,7945],{"class":96},[65,50763,100],{"class":79},[65,50765,50766],{"class":96}," 40",[65,50768,3786],{"class":79},[65,50770,50771,50773,50775,50777,50779,50781,50783,50785,50787,50789,50791,50793,50795,50797,50799],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,50772,72],{"class":71},[65,50774,76],{"class":75},[65,50776,80],{"class":79},[65,50778,84],{"class":83},[65,50780,88],{"class":87},[65,50782,84],{"class":83},[65,50784,93],{"class":79},[65,50786,97],{"class":96},[65,50788,100],{"class":79},[65,50790,103],{"class":83},[65,50792,106],{"class":87},[65,50794,84],{"class":83},[65,50796,93],{"class":79},[65,50798,113],{"class":96},[65,50800,130],{"class":79},[65,50802,50803,50805,50807,50809,50811,50813,50815,50817,50819],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,50804,3975],{"class":71},[65,50806,76],{"class":75},[65,50808,80],{"class":79},[65,50810,2284],{"class":96},[65,50812,100],{"class":79},[65,50814,37560],{"class":96},[65,50816,100],{"class":79},[65,50818,6146],{"class":96},[65,50820,130],{"class":79},[65,50822,50823],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,50824,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,50826,50827,50829,50831,50833,50835,50837,50839],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,50828,165],{"class":164},[65,50830,168],{"class":79},[65,50832,1863],{"class":164},[65,50834,168],{"class":79},[65,50836,369],{"class":147},[65,50838,5513],{"class":79},[65,50840,50841],{"class":3816},"     # 3\n",[65,50843,50844,50846,50848,50850,50852,50854,50856],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,50845,165],{"class":164},[65,50847,168],{"class":79},[65,50849,1863],{"class":164},[65,50851,168],{"class":79},[65,50853,3800],{"class":147},[65,50855,5513],{"class":79},[65,50857,50858],{"class":3816},"  # 4\n",[65,50860,50861,50863,50865,50867,50869,50871,50873],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,50862,165],{"class":164},[65,50864,168],{"class":79},[65,50866,1863],{"class":164},[65,50868,168],{"class":79},[65,50870,184],{"class":147},[65,50872,5513],{"class":79},[65,50874,50875],{"class":3816},"     # 2\n",[65,50877,50878,50880,50882,50884,50886,50888,50890],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,50879,165],{"class":164},[65,50881,168],{"class":79},[65,50883,1863],{"class":164},[65,50885,168],{"class":79},[65,50887,5510],{"class":147},[65,50889,5513],{"class":79},[65,50891,50892],{"class":3816},"   # 3\n",[20,50894,50895,50896,1028,50900,1035,50904,144],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[88,50897,50899],{"href":50898},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[88,50901,50903],{"href":50902},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[88,50905,9307],{"href":9306},[51,50907,283],{"id":282},[20,50909,2307],{},[56,50911,50913],{"className":58,"code":50912,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"len(object)\n",[15,50914,50915],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,50916,50917,50919,50921,50923],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,50918,1863],{"class":164},[65,50920,168],{"class":79},[65,50922,42318],{"class":1368},[65,50924,174],{"class":79},[20,50926,50927],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50929,50930],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[30,50932,50933,50935,50937,50939,50941],{},[33,50934,37824],{},[33,50936,37818],{},[33,50938,37821],{},[33,50940,37827],{},[33,50942,50943],{},"a dictionary",[20,50945,350],{},[56,50947,50949],{"className":58,"code":50948,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50950,50951,50972,50996,51018],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,50952,50953,50955,50957,50959,50961,50963,50965,50967,50969],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,50954,165],{"class":164},[65,50956,168],{"class":79},[65,50958,1863],{"class":164},[65,50960,168],{"class":79},[65,50962,84],{"class":83},[65,50964,60],{"class":87},[65,50966,84],{"class":83},[65,50968,5513],{"class":79},[65,50970,50971],{"class":3816},"      # 6\n",[65,50973,50974,50976,50978,50980,50982,50984,50986,50988,50990,50992,50994],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,50975,165],{"class":164},[65,50977,168],{"class":79},[65,50979,1863],{"class":164},[65,50981,3132],{"class":79},[65,50983,3135],{"class":96},[65,50985,100],{"class":79},[65,50987,113],{"class":96},[65,50989,100],{"class":79},[65,50991,127],{"class":96},[65,50993,4891],{"class":79},[65,50995,50841],{"class":3816},[65,50997,50998,51000,51002,51004,51006,51008,51010,51012,51015],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,50999,165],{"class":164},[65,51001,168],{"class":79},[65,51003,1863],{"class":164},[65,51005,5662],{"class":79},[65,51007,2476],{"class":96},[65,51009,100],{"class":79},[65,51011,7940],{"class":96},[65,51013,51014],{"class":79},")))",[65,51016,51017],{"class":3816},"      # 2\n",[65,51019,51020,51022,51024,51026,51028,51030,51032,51034,51036,51038,51041],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,51021,165],{"class":164},[65,51023,168],{"class":79},[65,51025,1863],{"class":164},[65,51027,5681],{"class":79},[65,51029,84],{"class":83},[65,51031,931],{"class":87},[65,51033,84],{"class":83},[65,51035,93],{"class":79},[65,51037,97],{"class":96},[65,51039,51040],{"class":79},"}))",[65,51042,51043],{"class":3816},"      # 1\n",[51,51045,51047],{"id":51046},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51049,51050,51051,51053],{},"When you use ",[15,51052,42280],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51055,51056],{},"That includes:",[30,51058,51059,51061,51063],{},[33,51060,36058],{},[33,51062,10596],{},[33,51064,51065],{},"punctuation",[20,51067,350],{},[56,51069,51071],{"className":58,"code":51070,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51072,51073,51086],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51074,51075,51077,51079,51081,51084],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51076,34600],{"class":71},[65,51078,76],{"class":75},[65,51080,103],{"class":83},[65,51082,51083],{"class":87},"Hi there!",[65,51085,1650],{"class":83},[65,51087,51088,51090,51092,51094,51096,51098,51100],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,51089,165],{"class":164},[65,51091,168],{"class":79},[65,51093,1863],{"class":164},[65,51095,168],{"class":79},[65,51097,34621],{"class":147},[65,51099,5513],{"class":79},[65,51101,51102],{"class":3816},"  # 9\n",[20,51104,51105,51106,2637],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51107,2292],{},[30,51109,51110,51116,51120,51123],{},[33,51111,51112,51115],{},[15,51113,51114],{},"H"," = 1",[33,51117,51118,51115],{},[15,51119,36069],{},[33,51121,51122],{},"space = 1",[33,51124,51125,51128],{},[15,51126,51127],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51130,51131,51132],{},"Total: ",[15,51133,2292],{},[20,51135,51136,51137,93],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51138,2267],{},[56,51140,51142],{"className":58,"code":51141,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51143,51144,51153],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51145,51146,51149,51151],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51147,51148],{"class":71},"empty_text ",[65,51150,76],{"class":75},[65,51152,8032],{"class":83},[65,51154,51155,51157,51159,51161,51163,51166,51168],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,51156,165],{"class":164},[65,51158,168],{"class":79},[65,51160,1863],{"class":164},[65,51162,168],{"class":79},[65,51164,51165],{"class":147},"empty_text",[65,51167,5513],{"class":79},[65,51169,51170],{"class":3816},"  # 0\n",[20,51172,51173],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[56,51175,51177],{"className":58,"code":51176,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51178,51179,51192,51196,51216],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51180,51181,51184,51186,51188,51190],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51182,51183],{"class":71},"user_name ",[65,51185,76],{"class":75},[65,51187,103],{"class":83},[65,51189,378],{"class":87},[65,51191,1650],{"class":83},[65,51193,51194],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,51195,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,51197,51198,51200,51202,51204,51207,51209,51212,51214],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,51199,1406],{"class":1405},[65,51201,38303],{"class":164},[65,51203,168],{"class":79},[65,51205,51206],{"class":147},"user_name",[65,51208,3813],{"class":79},[65,51210,51211],{"class":75}," >=",[65,51213,127],{"class":96},[65,51215,1411],{"class":79},[65,51217,51218,51220,51222,51224,51227,51229],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,51219,1431],{"class":164},[65,51221,168],{"class":79},[65,51223,84],{"class":83},[65,51225,51226],{"class":87},"Name is long enough",[65,51228,84],{"class":83},[65,51230,174],{"class":79},[51,51232,51234],{"id":51233},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51236,51237,51238,51240],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51239,42280],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51242,51243],{},"Example with a list:",[56,51245,51247],{"className":58,"code":51246,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51248,51249,51281],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51250,51251,51253,51255,51257,51259,51261,51263,51265,51267,51269,51271,51273,51275,51277,51279],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51252,13206],{"class":71},[65,51254,76],{"class":75},[65,51256,3773],{"class":79},[65,51258,84],{"class":83},[65,51260,13223],{"class":87},[65,51262,84],{"class":83},[65,51264,100],{"class":79},[65,51266,103],{"class":83},[65,51268,17570],{"class":87},[65,51270,84],{"class":83},[65,51272,100],{"class":79},[65,51274,103],{"class":83},[65,51276,13240],{"class":87},[65,51278,84],{"class":83},[65,51280,3786],{"class":79},[65,51282,51283,51285,51287,51289,51291,51293,51295],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,51284,165],{"class":164},[65,51286,168],{"class":79},[65,51288,1863],{"class":164},[65,51290,168],{"class":79},[65,51292,17617],{"class":147},[65,51294,5513],{"class":79},[65,51296,50693],{"class":3816},[20,51298,37833],{},[56,51300,51302],{"className":58,"code":51301,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51303,51304,51321],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51305,51306,51309,51311,51313,51315,51317,51319],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51307,51308],{"class":71},"point ",[65,51310,76],{"class":75},[65,51312,648],{"class":79},[65,51314,2476],{"class":96},[65,51316,100],{"class":79},[65,51318,7940],{"class":96},[65,51320,174],{"class":79},[65,51322,51323,51325,51327,51329,51331,51334,51336],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,51324,165],{"class":164},[65,51326,168],{"class":79},[65,51328,1863],{"class":164},[65,51330,168],{"class":79},[65,51332,51333],{"class":147},"point",[65,51335,5513],{"class":79},[65,51337,51338],{"class":3816},"  # 2\n",[20,51340,51341],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[56,51343,51345],{"className":58,"code":51344,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51346,51347,51371,51375,51393],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51348,51349,51351,51353,51355,51357,51359,51361,51363,51365,51367,51369],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51350,7929],{"class":71},[65,51352,76],{"class":75},[65,51354,3773],{"class":79},[65,51356,84],{"class":83},[65,51358,4234],{"class":87},[65,51360,84],{"class":83},[65,51362,100],{"class":79},[65,51364,103],{"class":83},[65,51366,4243],{"class":87},[65,51368,84],{"class":83},[65,51370,3786],{"class":79},[65,51372,51373],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,51374,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,51376,51377,51379,51381,51383,51385,51387,51389,51391],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,51378,1406],{"class":1405},[65,51380,38303],{"class":164},[65,51382,168],{"class":79},[65,51384,7960],{"class":147},[65,51386,3813],{"class":79},[65,51388,38313],{"class":75},[65,51390,97],{"class":96},[65,51392,1411],{"class":79},[65,51394,51395,51397,51399,51401,51403,51405,51407],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,51396,1431],{"class":164},[65,51398,168],{"class":79},[65,51400,7960],{"class":147},[65,51402,4054],{"class":79},[65,51404,3135],{"class":96},[65,51406,20561],{"class":79},[65,51408,51409],{"class":3816},"  # banana\n",[20,51411,51412],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[56,51414,51416],{"className":58,"code":51415,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51417,51418,51441],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51419,51420,51422,51424,51426,51429,51431,51434,51436,51439],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51421,519],{"class":71},[65,51423,76],{"class":75},[65,51425,3773],{"class":79},[65,51427,51428],{"class":96},"88",[65,51430,100],{"class":79},[65,51432,51433],{"class":96}," 91",[65,51435,100],{"class":79},[65,51437,51438],{"class":96}," 75",[65,51440,3786],{"class":79},[65,51442,51443,51445,51447,51449,51452,51454,51456,51458,51460,51462],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,51444,165],{"class":164},[65,51446,168],{"class":79},[65,51448,84],{"class":83},[65,51450,51451],{"class":87},"Number of scores:",[65,51453,84],{"class":83},[65,51455,100],{"class":79},[65,51457,38303],{"class":164},[65,51459,168],{"class":79},[65,51461,16511],{"class":147},[65,51463,1870],{"class":79},[20,51465,51466,51467,144],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[88,51468,51470],{"href":51469},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[51,51472,51474],{"id":51473},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51476,51477,51478,51480],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51479,42280],{}," counts keys.",[56,51482,51484],{"className":58,"code":51483,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51485,51486,51494,51512,51526,51542,51546,51550],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51487,51488,51490,51492],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51489,12994],{"class":71},[65,51491,76],{"class":75},[65,51493,1589],{"class":79},[65,51495,51496,51498,51500,51502,51504,51506,51508,51510],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,51497,1594],{"class":83},[65,51499,369],{"class":87},[65,51501,84],{"class":83},[65,51503,93],{"class":79},[65,51505,103],{"class":83},[65,51507,8072],{"class":87},[65,51509,84],{"class":83},[65,51511,1611],{"class":79},[65,51513,51514,51516,51518,51520,51522,51524],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,51515,1594],{"class":83},[65,51517,387],{"class":87},[65,51519,84],{"class":83},[65,51521,93],{"class":79},[65,51523,30853],{"class":96},[65,51525,1611],{"class":79},[65,51527,51528,51530,51532,51534,51536,51538,51540],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,51529,1594],{"class":83},[65,51531,20006],{"class":87},[65,51533,84],{"class":83},[65,51535,93],{"class":79},[65,51537,103],{"class":83},[65,51539,22355],{"class":87},[65,51541,1650],{"class":83},[65,51543,51544],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,51545,130],{"class":79},[65,51547,51548],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,51549,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,51551,51552,51554,51556,51558,51560,51562,51564],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,51553,165],{"class":164},[65,51555,168],{"class":79},[65,51557,1863],{"class":164},[65,51559,168],{"class":79},[65,51561,13755],{"class":147},[65,51563,5513],{"class":79},[65,51565,50693],{"class":3816},[20,51567,51568,51569,51571],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51570,42280],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51573,51574,51575,51577],{},"For sets, ",[15,51576,42280],{}," counts unique items:",[56,51579,51581],{"className":58,"code":51580,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51582,51583,51611],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51584,51585,51587,51589,51591,51593,51595,51597,51599,51601,51603,51605,51607,51609],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51586,3768],{"class":71},[65,51588,76],{"class":75},[65,51590,80],{"class":79},[65,51592,3135],{"class":96},[65,51594,100],{"class":79},[65,51596,113],{"class":96},[65,51598,100],{"class":79},[65,51600,127],{"class":96},[65,51602,100],{"class":79},[65,51604,127],{"class":96},[65,51606,100],{"class":79},[65,51608,113],{"class":96},[65,51610,130],{"class":79},[65,51612,51613,51615,51617,51619,51621,51623,51625],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,51614,165],{"class":164},[65,51616,168],{"class":79},[65,51618,1863],{"class":164},[65,51620,168],{"class":79},[65,51622,3800],{"class":147},[65,51624,5513],{"class":79},[65,51626,50693],{"class":3816},[20,51628,51629],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51631,51632],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[56,51634,51636],{"className":58,"code":51635,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51637,51638,51646,51650,51668],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51639,51640,51642,51644],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51641,72],{"class":71},[65,51643,76],{"class":75},[65,51645,1343],{"class":79},[65,51647,51648],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,51649,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,51651,51652,51654,51656,51658,51660,51662,51664,51666],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,51653,1406],{"class":1405},[65,51655,38303],{"class":164},[65,51657,168],{"class":79},[65,51659,184],{"class":147},[65,51661,3813],{"class":79},[65,51663,6561],{"class":75},[65,51665,3986],{"class":96},[65,51667,1411],{"class":79},[65,51669,51670,51672,51674,51676,51679,51681],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,51671,1431],{"class":164},[65,51673,168],{"class":79},[65,51675,84],{"class":83},[65,51677,51678],{"class":87},"The dictionary is empty",[65,51680,84],{"class":83},[65,51682,174],{"class":79},[51,51684,40964],{"id":40963},[20,51686,51687,51688,144],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51689,42280],{},[1059,51691,51693],{"id":51692},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[56,51695,51697],{"className":58,"code":51696,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51698,51699,51707,51711,51729],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51700,51701,51703,51705],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51702,7929],{"class":71},[65,51704,76],{"class":75},[65,51706,7989],{"class":79},[65,51708,51709],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,51710,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,51712,51713,51715,51717,51719,51721,51723,51725,51727],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,51714,1406],{"class":1405},[65,51716,38303],{"class":164},[65,51718,168],{"class":79},[65,51720,7960],{"class":147},[65,51722,3813],{"class":79},[65,51724,6561],{"class":75},[65,51726,3986],{"class":96},[65,51728,1411],{"class":79},[65,51730,51731,51733,51735,51737,51740,51742],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,51732,1431],{"class":164},[65,51734,168],{"class":79},[65,51736,84],{"class":83},[65,51738,51739],{"class":87},"The list is empty",[65,51741,84],{"class":83},[65,51743,174],{"class":79},[1059,51745,51747],{"id":51746},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[56,51749,51751],{"className":58,"code":51750,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51752,51753,51772],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51754,51755,51757,51759,51761,51763,51765,51768,51770],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51756,6307],{"class":71},[65,51758,76],{"class":75},[65,51760,8393],{"class":164},[65,51762,168],{"class":79},[65,51764,84],{"class":83},[65,51766,51767],{"class":87},"Enter a word: ",[65,51769,84],{"class":83},[65,51771,174],{"class":79},[65,51773,51774,51776,51778,51780,51783,51785,51787,51789,51791,51793],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,51775,165],{"class":164},[65,51777,168],{"class":79},[65,51779,84],{"class":83},[65,51781,51782],{"class":87},"Number of characters:",[65,51784,84],{"class":83},[65,51786,100],{"class":79},[65,51788,38303],{"class":164},[65,51790,168],{"class":79},[65,51792,38308],{"class":147},[65,51794,1870],{"class":79},[1059,51796,51798],{"id":51797},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[56,51800,51802],{"className":58,"code":51801,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51803,51804,51818,51822,51840,51855,51861],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51805,51806,51809,51811,51813,51816],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51807,51808],{"class":71},"password ",[65,51810,76],{"class":75},[65,51812,103],{"class":83},[65,51814,51815],{"class":87},"secret123",[65,51817,1650],{"class":83},[65,51819,51820],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,51821,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,51823,51824,51826,51828,51830,51832,51834,51836,51838],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,51825,1406],{"class":1405},[65,51827,38303],{"class":164},[65,51829,168],{"class":79},[65,51831,17736],{"class":147},[65,51833,3813],{"class":79},[65,51835,51211],{"class":75},[65,51837,6513],{"class":96},[65,51839,1411],{"class":79},[65,51841,51842,51844,51846,51848,51851,51853],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,51843,1431],{"class":164},[65,51845,168],{"class":79},[65,51847,84],{"class":83},[65,51849,51850],{"class":87},"Password length is valid",[65,51852,84],{"class":83},[65,51854,174],{"class":79},[65,51856,51857,51859],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,51858,1442],{"class":1405},[65,51860,1411],{"class":79},[65,51862,51863,51865,51867,51869,51872,51874],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,51864,1431],{"class":164},[65,51866,168],{"class":79},[65,51868,84],{"class":83},[65,51870,51871],{"class":87},"Password is too short",[65,51873,84],{"class":83},[65,51875,174],{"class":79},[1059,51877,51879],{"id":51878},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[56,51881,51883],{"className":58,"code":51882,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51884,51885,51921],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51886,51887,51890,51892,51894,51896,51899,51901,51903,51905,51908,51910,51912,51914,51917,51919],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51888,51889],{"class":71},"results ",[65,51891,76],{"class":75},[65,51893,3773],{"class":79},[65,51895,84],{"class":83},[65,51897,51898],{"class":87},"item1",[65,51900,84],{"class":83},[65,51902,100],{"class":79},[65,51904,103],{"class":83},[65,51906,51907],{"class":87},"item2",[65,51909,84],{"class":83},[65,51911,100],{"class":79},[65,51913,103],{"class":83},[65,51915,51916],{"class":87},"item3",[65,51918,84],{"class":83},[65,51920,3786],{"class":79},[65,51922,51923,51925,51927,51929,51932,51934,51936,51938,51940,51943],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,51924,165],{"class":164},[65,51926,168],{"class":79},[65,51928,84],{"class":83},[65,51930,51931],{"class":87},"Items found:",[65,51933,84],{"class":83},[65,51935,100],{"class":79},[65,51937,38303],{"class":164},[65,51939,168],{"class":79},[65,51941,51942],{"class":147},"results",[65,51944,1870],{"class":79},[20,51946,51947],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[51,51949,51951],{"id":51950},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51953,51954,51956],{},[15,51955,42280],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51958,51959,51960,93],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51961,3152],{},[30,51963,51964,51967,51970],{},[33,51965,51966],{},"plain integers",[33,51968,51969],{},"floats",[33,51971,51972],{},[15,51973,3930],{},[20,51975,350],{},[56,51977,51979],{"className":58,"code":51978,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51980,51981],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,51982,51983,51985,51987,51989,51991,51993],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,51984,165],{"class":164},[65,51986,168],{"class":79},[65,51988,1863],{"class":164},[65,51990,168],{"class":79},[65,51992,2284],{"class":96},[65,51994,1870],{"class":79},[20,51996,51997,51998,52000],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51999,2284],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52002,52003],{},"Another example:",[56,52005,52007],{"className":58,"code":52006,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52008,52009],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52010,52011,52013,52015,52017,52019,52021],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52012,165],{"class":164},[65,52014,168],{"class":79},[65,52016,1863],{"class":164},[65,52018,168],{"class":79},[65,52020,40061],{"class":96},[65,52022,1870],{"class":79},[20,52024,52025,52026,93],{},"And with ",[15,52027,3930],{},[56,52029,52031],{"className":58,"code":52030,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52032,52033,52041],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52034,52035,52037,52039],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52036,1189],{"class":71},[65,52038,76],{"class":75},[65,52040,48449],{"class":4005},[65,52042,52043,52045,52047,52049,52051,52053],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,52044,165],{"class":164},[65,52046,168],{"class":79},[65,52048,1863],{"class":164},[65,52050,168],{"class":79},[65,52052,1714],{"class":147},[65,52054,1870],{"class":79},[20,52056,52057,52058,144],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[88,52059,52061],{"href":52060},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[51,52063,52065],{"id":52064},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52067,52068,52069,52071],{},"Before using ",[15,52070,42280],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52073,52074],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[56,52076,52078],{"className":58,"code":52077,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52079,52080,52088,52092,52102,52116,52134,52152],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52081,52082,52084,52086],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52083,1189],{"class":71},[65,52085,76],{"class":75},[65,52087,48449],{"class":4005},[65,52089,52090],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,52091,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,52093,52094,52096,52098,52100],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,52095,165],{"class":164},[65,52097,168],{"class":79},[65,52099,1714],{"class":147},[65,52101,174],{"class":79},[65,52103,52104,52106,52108,52110,52112,52114],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,52105,165],{"class":164},[65,52107,168],{"class":79},[65,52109,3370],{"class":1368},[65,52111,168],{"class":79},[65,52113,1714],{"class":147},[65,52115,1870],{"class":79},[65,52117,52118,52120,52122,52124,52126,52128,52130,52132],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,52119,165],{"class":164},[65,52121,168],{"class":79},[65,52123,48797],{"class":164},[65,52125,168],{"class":79},[65,52127,1714],{"class":147},[65,52129,100],{"class":79},[65,52131,48826],{"class":1368},[65,52133,1870],{"class":79},[65,52135,52136,52138,52140,52142,52144,52146,52148,52150],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,52137,165],{"class":164},[65,52139,168],{"class":79},[65,52141,48797],{"class":164},[65,52143,168],{"class":79},[65,52145,1714],{"class":147},[65,52147,100],{"class":79},[65,52149,22667],{"class":1368},[65,52151,1870],{"class":79},[65,52153,52154,52156,52158,52160,52162,52164,52166,52168],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,52155,165],{"class":164},[65,52157,168],{"class":79},[65,52159,48797],{"class":164},[65,52161,168],{"class":79},[65,52163,1714],{"class":147},[65,52165,100],{"class":79},[65,52167,9321],{"class":1368},[65,52169,1870],{"class":79},[20,52171,52172],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52174,52175],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[56,52177,52179],{"className":58,"code":52178,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52180,52181,52193,52197,52211],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52182,52183,52185,52187,52189,52191],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52184,1189],{"class":71},[65,52186,76],{"class":75},[65,52188,103],{"class":83},[65,52190,3998],{"class":87},[65,52192,1650],{"class":83},[65,52194,52195],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,52196,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,52198,52199,52201,52203,52205,52207,52209],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,52200,1406],{"class":1405},[65,52202,492],{"class":71},[65,52204,12329],{"class":75},[65,52206,8250],{"class":75},[65,52208,4006],{"class":4005},[65,52210,1411],{"class":79},[65,52212,52213,52215,52217,52219,52221,52223],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,52214,1431],{"class":164},[65,52216,168],{"class":79},[65,52218,1863],{"class":164},[65,52220,168],{"class":79},[65,52222,1714],{"class":147},[65,52224,1870],{"class":79},[20,52226,52227,52228,144],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[88,52229,8593],{"href":2444},[51,52231,1766],{"id":1765},[20,52233,23202,52234,93],{},[15,52235,42280],{},[30,52237,52238,52246,52254,52262,52268],{},[33,52239,8569,52240,52242,52243],{},[15,52241,42280],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52244,52245],{},"len(5)",[33,52247,8569,52248,52250,52251],{},[15,52249,42280],{}," on a float like ",[15,52252,52253],{},"len(3.14)",[33,52255,8569,52256,52258,52259,52261],{},[15,52257,42280],{}," on ",[15,52260,3930],{}," after a function returns nothing",[33,52263,4736,52264,52267],{},[15,52265,52266],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[33,52269,52270],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52272,52273],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[56,52275,52277],{"className":58,"code":52276,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52278,52279,52315],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52280,52281,52283,52285,52287,52289,52291,52293,52295,52297,52299,52301,52303,52305,52307,52309,52311,52313],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52282,360],{"class":71},[65,52284,76],{"class":75},[65,52286,80],{"class":79},[65,52288,84],{"class":83},[65,52290,369],{"class":87},[65,52292,84],{"class":83},[65,52294,93],{"class":79},[65,52296,103],{"class":83},[65,52298,542],{"class":87},[65,52300,84],{"class":83},[65,52302,100],{"class":79},[65,52304,103],{"class":83},[65,52306,387],{"class":87},[65,52308,84],{"class":83},[65,52310,93],{"class":79},[65,52312,7940],{"class":96},[65,52314,130],{"class":79},[65,52316,52317,52319,52321,52323,52325,52327,52329],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,52318,165],{"class":164},[65,52320,168],{"class":79},[65,52322,1863],{"class":164},[65,52324,168],{"class":79},[65,52326,17421],{"class":147},[65,52328,5513],{"class":79},[65,52330,51338],{"class":3816},[20,52332,37511,52333,52335,52336,1048,52338,144],{},[15,52334,2204],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52337,15366],{},[15,52339,52340],{},"\"age\"",[20,52342,52343],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[56,52345,52347],{"className":58,"code":52346,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52348,52349,52362],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52350,52351,52353,52355,52357,52360],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52352,34600],{"class":71},[65,52354,76],{"class":75},[65,52356,103],{"class":83},[65,52358,52359],{"class":87},"a b",[65,52361,1650],{"class":83},[65,52363,52364,52366,52368,52370,52372,52374,52376],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,52365,165],{"class":164},[65,52367,168],{"class":79},[65,52369,1863],{"class":164},[65,52371,168],{"class":79},[65,52373,34621],{"class":147},[65,52375,5513],{"class":79},[65,52377,50693],{"class":3816},[20,52379,52380],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[51,52382,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,52384,52386],{"id":52385},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52388,52389],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1059,52391,52393],{"id":52392},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52395,52396],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1059,52398,52400],{"id":52399},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52402,52403],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1059,52405,52407],{"id":52406},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52409,52410,52411,52413,52414,3024,52416,52418,52419,144],{},"No. Using ",[15,52412,42280],{}," on an ",[15,52415,2335],{},[15,52417,2338],{}," raises a ",[15,52420,3152],{},[1059,52422,52424],{"id":52423},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52426,7912,52427,144],{},[15,52428,52429],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52431,350],{},[56,52433,52435],{"className":58,"code":52434,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52436,52437,52445,52449,52467],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52438,52439,52441,52443],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52440,8459],{"class":71},[65,52442,76],{"class":75},[65,52444,7989],{"class":79},[65,52446,52447],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,52448,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,52450,52451,52453,52455,52457,52459,52461,52463,52465],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,52452,1406],{"class":1405},[65,52454,38303],{"class":164},[65,52456,168],{"class":79},[65,52458,8490],{"class":147},[65,52460,3813],{"class":79},[65,52462,6561],{"class":75},[65,52464,3986],{"class":96},[65,52466,1411],{"class":79},[65,52468,52469,52471,52473,52475,52478,52480],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,52470,1431],{"class":164},[65,52472,168],{"class":79},[65,52474,84],{"class":83},[65,52476,52477],{"class":87},"Empty list",[65,52479,84],{"class":83},[65,52481,174],{"class":79},[20,52483,52484,52485,52487,52488,52490,52491,52493],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52486,3827],{}," in an ",[15,52489,1406],{}," statement, but ",[15,52492,42280],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[51,52495,2015],{"id":2014},[30,52497,52498,52502,52506,52510,52515,52519,52525],{},[33,52499,52500],{},[88,52501,50899],{"href":50898},[33,52503,52504],{},[88,52505,50903],{"href":50902},[33,52507,52508],{},[88,52509,9307],{"href":9306},[33,52511,52512],{},[88,52513,52514],{"href":51469},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[33,52516,52517],{},[88,52518,8593],{"href":2444},[33,52520,52521],{},[88,52522,52524],{"href":52523},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[33,52526,52527],{},[88,52528,52529],{"href":52060},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2071,52531,52532],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":52534},[52535,52536,52537,52538,52539,52540,52541,52547,52548,52549,52550,52557],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":50701,"depth":133,"text":50702},{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":51046,"depth":133,"text":51047},{"id":51233,"depth":133,"text":51234},{"id":51473,"depth":133,"text":51474},{"id":40963,"depth":133,"text":40964,"children":52542},[52543,52544,52545,52546],{"id":51692,"depth":154,"text":51693},{"id":51746,"depth":154,"text":51747},{"id":51797,"depth":154,"text":51798},{"id":51878,"depth":154,"text":51879},{"id":51950,"depth":133,"text":51951},{"id":52064,"depth":133,"text":52065},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":52551},[52552,52553,52554,52555,52556],{"id":52385,"depth":154,"text":52386},{"id":52392,"depth":154,"text":52393},{"id":52399,"depth":154,"text":52400},{"id":52406,"depth":154,"text":52407},{"id":52423,"depth":154,"text":52424},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50584,"description":52558},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52565,"title":52566,"body":52567,"description":54252,"extension":2111,"meta":54253,"navigation":157,"path":54254,"seo":54255,"stem":54256,"__hash__":54257},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52568,"toc":54225},[52569,52572,52586,52592,52594,52648,52653,52657,52673,52676,52690,52696,52698,52701,52720,52736,52738,52814,52816,52853,52864,52866,52869,52930,52932,52965,52968,52974,52978,52981,53106,53108,53167,53175,53228,53230,53257,53263,53273,53277,53280,53285,53337,53339,53365,53371,53425,53427,53452,53455,53479,53485,53487,53491,53493,53550,53552,53560,53562,53584,53586,53639,53641,53665,53669,53671,53710,53712,53720,53726,53730,53782,53784,53810,53818,53822,53827,53836,53838,53904,53906,53938,53942,53947,53949,53963,53966,54039,54041,54067,54069,54073,54080,54084,54091,54095,54098,54100,54153,54155,54181,54185,54194,54196,54222],[10,52570,52566],{"id":52571},"python-list-append-method",[20,52573,22,52574,52577,52578,52581,52582,52585],{},[15,52575,52576],{},"append()"," method adds ",[46,52579,52580],{},"one item"," to the ",[46,52583,52584],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52587,52588,52589,52591],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[46,52590,1014],{}," create a new list.",[51,52593,3758],{"id":3757},[56,52595,52597],{"className":58,"code":52596,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52598,52599,52619,52633,52643],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52600,52601,52603,52605,52607,52609,52611,52613,52615,52617],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52602,3768],{"class":71},[65,52604,76],{"class":75},[65,52606,3773],{"class":79},[65,52608,3135],{"class":96},[65,52610,100],{"class":79},[65,52612,113],{"class":96},[65,52614,100],{"class":79},[65,52616,127],{"class":96},[65,52618,3786],{"class":79},[65,52620,52621,52623,52625,52627,52629,52631],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,52622,3800],{"class":71},[65,52624,144],{"class":79},[65,52626,13682],{"class":147},[65,52628,168],{"class":79},[65,52630,2650],{"class":96},[65,52632,174],{"class":79},[65,52634,52635,52637,52639,52641],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,52636,165],{"class":164},[65,52638,168],{"class":79},[65,52640,3800],{"class":147},[65,52642,174],{"class":79},[65,52644,52645],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,52646,52647],{"class":3816},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52649,1309,52650,52652],{},[15,52651,52576],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[51,52654,52656],{"id":52655},"what-append-does","What append() does",[30,52658,52659,52664,52667,52670],{},[33,52660,52661,52663],{},[15,52662,52576],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[33,52665,52666],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[33,52668,52669],{},"It does not create a new list",[33,52671,52672],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52674,52675],{},"This means you can append:",[30,52677,52678,52680,52682,52684,52686,52688],{},[33,52679,3800],{},[33,52681,5460],{},[33,52683,40512],{},[33,52685,5451],{},[33,52687,7400],{},[33,52689,34574],{},[20,52691,52692,52693,144],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[88,52694,52695],{"href":50902},"Python lists explained for beginners",[51,52697,5583],{"id":5582},[20,52699,52700],{},"Basic form:",[56,52702,52704],{"className":58,"code":52703,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52705,52706],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52707,52708,52710,52712,52714,52716,52718],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52709,8490],{"class":71},[65,52711,144],{"class":79},[65,52713,13682],{"class":147},[65,52715,168],{"class":79},[65,52717,171],{"class":147},[65,52719,174],{"class":79},[30,52721,52722,52727,52732],{},[33,52723,52724,52726],{},[15,52725,8490],{}," is the list you want to change",[33,52728,52729,52731],{},[15,52730,171],{}," is the value or object to add",[33,52733,12046,52734],{},[15,52735,3930],{},[20,52737,350],{},[56,52739,52741],{"className":58,"code":52740,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52742,52743,52767,52790,52794,52804],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52744,52745,52747,52749,52751,52753,52755,52757,52759,52761,52763,52765],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52746,36154],{"class":71},[65,52748,76],{"class":75},[65,52750,3773],{"class":79},[65,52752,84],{"class":83},[65,52754,4234],{"class":87},[65,52756,84],{"class":83},[65,52758,100],{"class":79},[65,52760,103],{"class":83},[65,52762,4243],{"class":87},[65,52764,84],{"class":83},[65,52766,3786],{"class":79},[65,52768,52769,52771,52773,52776,52778,52780,52782,52784,52786,52788],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,52770,401],{"class":71},[65,52772,76],{"class":75},[65,52774,52775],{"class":71}," fruits",[65,52777,144],{"class":79},[65,52779,13682],{"class":147},[65,52781,168],{"class":79},[65,52783,84],{"class":83},[65,52785,33132],{"class":87},[65,52787,84],{"class":83},[65,52789,174],{"class":79},[65,52791,52792],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,52793,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,52795,52796,52798,52800,52802],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,52797,165],{"class":164},[65,52799,168],{"class":79},[65,52801,36206],{"class":147},[65,52803,174],{"class":79},[65,52805,52806,52808,52810,52812],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,52807,165],{"class":164},[65,52809,168],{"class":79},[65,52811,425],{"class":147},[65,52813,174],{"class":79},[20,52815,191],{},[56,52817,52819],{"className":58,"code":52818,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52820,52821,52849],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52822,52823,52825,52827,52829,52831,52833,52835,52837,52839,52841,52843,52845,52847],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52824,4054],{"class":79},[65,52826,203],{"class":83},[65,52828,4234],{"class":87},[65,52830,203],{"class":83},[65,52832,100],{"class":79},[65,52834,233],{"class":83},[65,52836,4243],{"class":87},[65,52838,203],{"class":83},[65,52840,100],{"class":79},[65,52842,233],{"class":83},[65,52844,33132],{"class":87},[65,52846,203],{"class":83},[65,52848,3786],{"class":79},[65,52850,52851],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,52852,11943],{"class":4005},[20,52854,52855,52856,52858,52859,52861,52862,144],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52857,52576],{}," updates ",[15,52860,36206],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52863,3930],{},[51,52865,506],{"id":505},[20,52867,52868],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[56,52870,52872],{"className":58,"code":52871,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52873,52874,52898,52916,52920],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52875,52876,52878,52880,52882,52884,52886,52888,52890,52892,52894,52896],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52877,13206],{"class":71},[65,52879,76],{"class":75},[65,52881,3773],{"class":79},[65,52883,84],{"class":83},[65,52885,13223],{"class":87},[65,52887,84],{"class":83},[65,52889,100],{"class":79},[65,52891,103],{"class":83},[65,52893,13240],{"class":87},[65,52895,84],{"class":83},[65,52897,3786],{"class":79},[65,52899,52900,52902,52904,52906,52908,52910,52912,52914],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,52901,17617],{"class":71},[65,52903,144],{"class":79},[65,52905,13682],{"class":147},[65,52907,168],{"class":79},[65,52909,84],{"class":83},[65,52911,17570],{"class":87},[65,52913,84],{"class":83},[65,52915,174],{"class":79},[65,52917,52918],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,52919,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,52921,52922,52924,52926,52928],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,52923,165],{"class":164},[65,52925,168],{"class":79},[65,52927,17617],{"class":147},[65,52929,174],{"class":79},[20,52931,191],{},[56,52933,52935],{"className":58,"code":52934,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52936,52937],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52938,52939,52941,52943,52945,52947,52949,52951,52953,52955,52957,52959,52961,52963],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52940,4054],{"class":79},[65,52942,203],{"class":83},[65,52944,13223],{"class":87},[65,52946,203],{"class":83},[65,52948,100],{"class":79},[65,52950,233],{"class":83},[65,52952,13240],{"class":87},[65,52954,203],{"class":83},[65,52956,100],{"class":79},[65,52958,233],{"class":83},[65,52960,17570],{"class":87},[65,52962,203],{"class":83},[65,52964,3786],{"class":79},[20,52966,52967],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52969,30993,52970,144],{},[88,52971,52973],{"href":52972},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[51,52975,52977],{"id":52976},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52979,52980],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[56,52982,52984],{"className":58,"code":52983,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52985,52986,52994,52998,53012,53030,53044,53070,53092,53096],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,52987,52988,52990,52992],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,52989,7929],{"class":71},[65,52991,76],{"class":75},[65,52993,7989],{"class":79},[65,52995,52996],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,52997,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,52999,53000,53002,53004,53006,53008,53010],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,53001,7960],{"class":71},[65,53003,144],{"class":79},[65,53005,13682],{"class":147},[65,53007,168],{"class":79},[65,53009,2476],{"class":96},[65,53011,174],{"class":79},[65,53013,53014,53016,53018,53020,53022,53024,53026,53028],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,53015,7960],{"class":71},[65,53017,144],{"class":79},[65,53019,13682],{"class":147},[65,53021,168],{"class":79},[65,53023,84],{"class":83},[65,53025,3998],{"class":87},[65,53027,84],{"class":83},[65,53029,174],{"class":79},[65,53031,53032,53034,53036,53038,53040,53042],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,53033,7960],{"class":71},[65,53035,144],{"class":79},[65,53037,13682],{"class":147},[65,53039,168],{"class":79},[65,53041,3753],{"class":4005},[65,53043,174],{"class":79},[65,53045,53046,53048,53050,53052,53054,53056,53058,53060,53062,53064,53066,53068],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,53047,7960],{"class":71},[65,53049,144],{"class":79},[65,53051,13682],{"class":147},[65,53053,5681],{"class":79},[65,53055,84],{"class":83},[65,53057,369],{"class":87},[65,53059,84],{"class":83},[65,53061,93],{"class":79},[65,53063,103],{"class":83},[65,53065,7826],{"class":87},[65,53067,84],{"class":83},[65,53069,30406],{"class":79},[65,53071,53072,53074,53076,53078,53080,53082,53084,53086,53088,53090],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,53073,7960],{"class":71},[65,53075,144],{"class":79},[65,53077,13682],{"class":147},[65,53079,3132],{"class":79},[65,53081,3135],{"class":96},[65,53083,100],{"class":79},[65,53085,113],{"class":96},[65,53087,100],{"class":79},[65,53089,127],{"class":96},[65,53091,4042],{"class":79},[65,53093,53094],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,53095,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,53097,53098,53100,53102,53104],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,53099,165],{"class":164},[65,53101,168],{"class":79},[65,53103,7960],{"class":147},[65,53105,174],{"class":79},[20,53107,191],{},[56,53109,53111],{"className":58,"code":53110,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53112,53113],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53114,53115,53117,53119,53121,53123,53125,53127,53129,53131,53133,53135,53137,53139,53141,53143,53145,53147,53149,53152,53154,53156,53158,53160,53162,53164],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53116,4054],{"class":79},[65,53118,2476],{"class":96},[65,53120,100],{"class":79},[65,53122,233],{"class":83},[65,53124,3998],{"class":87},[65,53126,203],{"class":83},[65,53128,100],{"class":79},[65,53130,4070],{"class":4005},[65,53132,100],{"class":79},[65,53134,80],{"class":79},[65,53136,203],{"class":83},[65,53138,369],{"class":87},[65,53140,203],{"class":83},[65,53142,93],{"class":79},[65,53144,233],{"class":83},[65,53146,7826],{"class":87},[65,53148,203],{"class":83},[65,53150,53151],{"class":79},"},",[65,53153,3773],{"class":79},[65,53155,3135],{"class":96},[65,53157,100],{"class":79},[65,53159,113],{"class":96},[65,53161,100],{"class":79},[65,53163,127],{"class":96},[65,53165,53166],{"class":79},"]]\n",[20,53168,53169,53170,42074,53172,144],{},"A list added with ",[15,53171,52576],{},[46,53173,53174],{},"one single item",[56,53176,53178],{"className":58,"code":53177,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53179,53180,53196,53214,53218],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53181,53182,53184,53186,53188,53190,53192,53194],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53183,3768],{"class":71},[65,53185,76],{"class":75},[65,53187,3773],{"class":79},[65,53189,3135],{"class":96},[65,53191,100],{"class":79},[65,53193,113],{"class":96},[65,53195,3786],{"class":79},[65,53197,53198,53200,53202,53204,53206,53208,53210,53212],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,53199,3800],{"class":71},[65,53201,144],{"class":79},[65,53203,13682],{"class":147},[65,53205,3132],{"class":79},[65,53207,2210],{"class":96},[65,53209,100],{"class":79},[65,53211,2602],{"class":96},[65,53213,4042],{"class":79},[65,53215,53216],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,53217,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,53219,53220,53222,53224,53226],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,53221,165],{"class":164},[65,53223,168],{"class":79},[65,53225,3800],{"class":147},[65,53227,174],{"class":79},[20,53229,191],{},[56,53231,53233],{"className":58,"code":53232,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53234,53235],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53236,53237,53239,53241,53243,53245,53247,53249,53251,53253,53255],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53238,4054],{"class":79},[65,53240,3135],{"class":96},[65,53242,100],{"class":79},[65,53244,113],{"class":96},[65,53246,100],{"class":79},[65,53248,3773],{"class":79},[65,53250,2210],{"class":96},[65,53252,100],{"class":79},[65,53254,2602],{"class":96},[65,53256,53166],{"class":79},[20,53258,2431,53259,53262],{},[15,53260,53261],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53264,53265,53266,53272],{},"This is different from ",[88,53267,53269],{"href":53268},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53270,53271],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[51,53274,53276],{"id":53275},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53278,53279],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1059,53281,8569,53283],{"id":53282},"using-append",[15,53284,52576],{},[56,53286,53287],{"className":58,"code":53177,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,53288,53289,53305,53323,53327],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53290,53291,53293,53295,53297,53299,53301,53303],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53292,3768],{"class":71},[65,53294,76],{"class":75},[65,53296,3773],{"class":79},[65,53298,3135],{"class":96},[65,53300,100],{"class":79},[65,53302,113],{"class":96},[65,53304,3786],{"class":79},[65,53306,53307,53309,53311,53313,53315,53317,53319,53321],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,53308,3800],{"class":71},[65,53310,144],{"class":79},[65,53312,13682],{"class":147},[65,53314,3132],{"class":79},[65,53316,2210],{"class":96},[65,53318,100],{"class":79},[65,53320,2602],{"class":96},[65,53322,4042],{"class":79},[65,53324,53325],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,53326,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,53328,53329,53331,53333,53335],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,53330,165],{"class":164},[65,53332,168],{"class":79},[65,53334,3800],{"class":147},[65,53336,174],{"class":79},[20,53338,191],{},[56,53340,53341],{"className":58,"code":53232,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,53342,53343],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53344,53345,53347,53349,53351,53353,53355,53357,53359,53361,53363],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53346,4054],{"class":79},[65,53348,3135],{"class":96},[65,53350,100],{"class":79},[65,53352,113],{"class":96},[65,53354,100],{"class":79},[65,53356,3773],{"class":79},[65,53358,2210],{"class":96},[65,53360,100],{"class":79},[65,53362,2602],{"class":96},[65,53364,53166],{"class":79},[1059,53366,8569,53368],{"id":53367},"using-extend",[15,53369,53370],{},"extend()",[56,53372,53374],{"className":58,"code":53373,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53375,53376,53392,53411,53415],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53377,53378,53380,53382,53384,53386,53388,53390],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53379,3768],{"class":71},[65,53381,76],{"class":75},[65,53383,3773],{"class":79},[65,53385,3135],{"class":96},[65,53387,100],{"class":79},[65,53389,113],{"class":96},[65,53391,3786],{"class":79},[65,53393,53394,53396,53398,53401,53403,53405,53407,53409],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,53395,3800],{"class":71},[65,53397,144],{"class":79},[65,53399,53400],{"class":147},"extend",[65,53402,3132],{"class":79},[65,53404,2210],{"class":96},[65,53406,100],{"class":79},[65,53408,2602],{"class":96},[65,53410,4042],{"class":79},[65,53412,53413],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,53414,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,53416,53417,53419,53421,53423],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,53418,165],{"class":164},[65,53420,168],{"class":79},[65,53422,3800],{"class":147},[65,53424,174],{"class":79},[20,53426,191],{},[56,53428,53430],{"className":58,"code":53429,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53431,53432],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53433,53434,53436,53438,53440,53442,53444,53446,53448,53450],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53435,4054],{"class":79},[65,53437,3135],{"class":96},[65,53439,100],{"class":79},[65,53441,113],{"class":96},[65,53443,100],{"class":79},[65,53445,127],{"class":96},[65,53447,100],{"class":79},[65,53449,2602],{"class":96},[65,53451,3786],{"class":79},[20,53453,53454],{},"The difference:",[30,53456,53457,53463,53469,53474],{},[33,53458,53459,53462],{},[15,53460,53461],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[33,53464,53465,53468],{},[15,53466,53467],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[33,53470,1309,53471,53473],{},[15,53472,52576],{}," for one item",[33,53475,1309,53476,53478],{},[15,53477,53370],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53480,53481,53482,144],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[88,53483,53484],{"href":53268},"Python list extend() method",[51,53486,4675],{"id":4674},[1059,53488,53490],{"id":53489},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53492,25797],{},[56,53494,53496],{"className":58,"code":53495,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53497,53498,53518,53536,53540],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53499,53500,53502,53504,53506,53508,53510,53512,53514,53516],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53501,7929],{"class":71},[65,53503,76],{"class":75},[65,53505,3773],{"class":79},[65,53507,3135],{"class":96},[65,53509,100],{"class":79},[65,53511,113],{"class":96},[65,53513,100],{"class":79},[65,53515,127],{"class":96},[65,53517,3786],{"class":79},[65,53519,53520,53522,53524,53526,53528,53530,53532,53534],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,53521,7929],{"class":71},[65,53523,76],{"class":75},[65,53525,6118],{"class":71},[65,53527,144],{"class":79},[65,53529,13682],{"class":147},[65,53531,168],{"class":79},[65,53533,2650],{"class":96},[65,53535,174],{"class":79},[65,53537,53538],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,53539,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,53541,53542,53544,53546,53548],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,53543,165],{"class":164},[65,53545,168],{"class":79},[65,53547,7960],{"class":147},[65,53549,174],{"class":79},[20,53551,191],{},[56,53553,53554],{"className":58,"code":11943,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,53555,53556],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53557,53558],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53559,11943],{"class":4005},[20,53561,12035],{},[30,53563,53564,53569,53575],{},[33,53565,53566,53568],{},[15,53567,52576],{}," changes the list in place",[33,53570,53571,2543,53573],{},[15,53572,52576],{},[15,53574,3930],{},[33,53576,53577,53578,53581,53582],{},"So ",[15,53579,53580],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53583,3930],{},[20,53585,10952],{},[56,53587,53589],{"className":58,"code":53588,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53590,53591,53611,53625,53629],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53592,53593,53595,53597,53599,53601,53603,53605,53607,53609],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53594,7929],{"class":71},[65,53596,76],{"class":75},[65,53598,3773],{"class":79},[65,53600,3135],{"class":96},[65,53602,100],{"class":79},[65,53604,113],{"class":96},[65,53606,100],{"class":79},[65,53608,127],{"class":96},[65,53610,3786],{"class":79},[65,53612,53613,53615,53617,53619,53621,53623],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,53614,7960],{"class":71},[65,53616,144],{"class":79},[65,53618,13682],{"class":147},[65,53620,168],{"class":79},[65,53622,2650],{"class":96},[65,53624,174],{"class":79},[65,53626,53627],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,53628,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,53630,53631,53633,53635,53637],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,53632,165],{"class":164},[65,53634,168],{"class":79},[65,53636,7960],{"class":147},[65,53638,174],{"class":79},[20,53640,191],{},[56,53642,53643],{"className":58,"code":53429,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,53644,53645],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53646,53647,53649,53651,53653,53655,53657,53659,53661,53663],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53648,4054],{"class":79},[65,53650,3135],{"class":96},[65,53652,100],{"class":79},[65,53654,113],{"class":96},[65,53656,100],{"class":79},[65,53658,127],{"class":96},[65,53660,100],{"class":79},[65,53662,2602],{"class":96},[65,53664,3786],{"class":79},[1059,53666,53668],{"id":53667},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53670,19029],{},[56,53672,53674],{"className":58,"code":53673,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53675,53676,53700],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53677,53678,53680,53682,53684,53686,53688,53690,53692,53694,53696,53698],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53679,31793],{"class":71},[65,53681,76],{"class":75},[65,53683,3773],{"class":79},[65,53685,3135],{"class":96},[65,53687,100],{"class":79},[65,53689,113],{"class":96},[65,53691,13679],{"class":79},[65,53693,13682],{"class":147},[65,53695,168],{"class":79},[65,53697,2210],{"class":96},[65,53699,174],{"class":79},[65,53701,53702,53704,53706,53708],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,53703,165],{"class":164},[65,53705,168],{"class":79},[65,53707,31812],{"class":147},[65,53709,174],{"class":79},[20,53711,191],{},[56,53713,53714],{"className":58,"code":11943,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,53715,53716],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53717,53718],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53719,11943],{"class":4005},[20,53721,53722,53723,53725],{},"Remember: ",[15,53724,52576],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1059,53727,53729],{"id":53728},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[56,53731,53732],{"className":58,"code":53177,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,53733,53734,53750,53768,53772],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53735,53736,53738,53740,53742,53744,53746,53748],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53737,3768],{"class":71},[65,53739,76],{"class":75},[65,53741,3773],{"class":79},[65,53743,3135],{"class":96},[65,53745,100],{"class":79},[65,53747,113],{"class":96},[65,53749,3786],{"class":79},[65,53751,53752,53754,53756,53758,53760,53762,53764,53766],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,53753,3800],{"class":71},[65,53755,144],{"class":79},[65,53757,13682],{"class":147},[65,53759,3132],{"class":79},[65,53761,2210],{"class":96},[65,53763,100],{"class":79},[65,53765,2602],{"class":96},[65,53767,4042],{"class":79},[65,53769,53770],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,53771,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,53773,53774,53776,53778,53780],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,53775,165],{"class":164},[65,53777,168],{"class":79},[65,53779,3800],{"class":147},[65,53781,174],{"class":79},[20,53783,191],{},[56,53785,53786],{"className":58,"code":53232,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,53787,53788],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53789,53790,53792,53794,53796,53798,53800,53802,53804,53806,53808],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53791,4054],{"class":79},[65,53793,3135],{"class":96},[65,53795,100],{"class":79},[65,53797,113],{"class":96},[65,53799,100],{"class":79},[65,53801,3773],{"class":79},[65,53803,2210],{"class":96},[65,53805,100],{"class":79},[65,53807,2602],{"class":96},[65,53809,53166],{"class":79},[20,53811,3317,53812,53815,53816,328],{},[15,53813,53814],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53817,53370],{},[1059,53819,53821],{"id":53820},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53823,53824,53826],{},[15,53825,52576],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53828,53829,53830,144],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[88,53831,53833],{"href":53832},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53834,53835],{},"list.insert()",[20,53837,350],{},[56,53839,53841],{"className":58,"code":53840,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53842,53843,53867,53890,53894],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53844,53845,53847,53849,53851,53853,53855,53857,53859,53861,53863,53865],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53846,36005],{"class":71},[65,53848,76],{"class":75},[65,53850,3773],{"class":79},[65,53852,84],{"class":83},[65,53854,88],{"class":87},[65,53856,84],{"class":83},[65,53858,100],{"class":79},[65,53860,103],{"class":83},[65,53862,120],{"class":87},[65,53864,84],{"class":83},[65,53866,3786],{"class":79},[65,53868,53869,53871,53873,53876,53878,53880,53882,53884,53886,53888],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,53870,36058],{"class":71},[65,53872,144],{"class":79},[65,53874,53875],{"class":147},"insert",[65,53877,168],{"class":79},[65,53879,3135],{"class":96},[65,53881,100],{"class":79},[65,53883,103],{"class":83},[65,53885,106],{"class":87},[65,53887,84],{"class":83},[65,53889,174],{"class":79},[65,53891,53892],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,53893,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,53895,53896,53898,53900,53902],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,53897,165],{"class":164},[65,53899,168],{"class":79},[65,53901,36058],{"class":147},[65,53903,174],{"class":79},[20,53905,191],{},[56,53907,53908],{"className":58,"code":42795,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,53909,53910],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53911,53912,53914,53916,53918,53920,53922,53924,53926,53928,53930,53932,53934,53936],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53913,4054],{"class":79},[65,53915,203],{"class":83},[65,53917,88],{"class":87},[65,53919,203],{"class":83},[65,53921,100],{"class":79},[65,53923,233],{"class":83},[65,53925,106],{"class":87},[65,53927,203],{"class":83},[65,53929,100],{"class":79},[65,53931,233],{"class":83},[65,53933,120],{"class":87},[65,53935,203],{"class":83},[65,53937,3786],{"class":79},[51,53939,53941],{"id":53940},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53943,53944,53946],{},[15,53945,52576],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53948,36341],{},[30,53950,53951,53954,53957,53960],{},[33,53952,53953],{},"building a list in a loop",[33,53955,53956],{},"collecting user input",[33,53958,53959],{},"storing results step by step",[33,53961,53962],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53964,53965],{},"Example with a loop:",[56,53967,53969],{"className":58,"code":53968,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53970,53971,53980,53984,54005,54024,54028],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,53972,53973,53976,53978],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,53974,53975],{"class":71},"squares ",[65,53977,76],{"class":75},[65,53979,7989],{"class":79},[65,53981,53982],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,53983,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,53985,53986,53988,53990,53992,53995,53997,53999,54001,54003],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,53987,6110],{"class":1405},[65,53989,6540],{"class":71},[65,53991,4036],{"class":1405},[65,53993,53994],{"class":164}," range",[65,53996,168],{"class":79},[65,53998,3135],{"class":96},[65,54000,100],{"class":79},[65,54002,4762],{"class":96},[65,54004,8493],{"class":79},[65,54006,54007,54010,54012,54014,54016,54018,54020,54022],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,54008,54009],{"class":71},"    squares",[65,54011,144],{"class":79},[65,54013,13682],{"class":147},[65,54015,168],{"class":79},[65,54017,2363],{"class":147},[65,54019,39790],{"class":75},[65,54021,2343],{"class":147},[65,54023,174],{"class":79},[65,54025,54026],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,54027,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,54029,54030,54032,54034,54037],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,54031,165],{"class":164},[65,54033,168],{"class":79},[65,54035,54036],{"class":147},"squares",[65,54038,174],{"class":79},[20,54040,191],{},[56,54042,54044],{"className":58,"code":54043,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54045,54046],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54047,54048,54050,54052,54054,54056,54058,54061,54063,54065],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54049,4054],{"class":79},[65,54051,3135],{"class":96},[65,54053,100],{"class":79},[65,54055,2602],{"class":96},[65,54057,100],{"class":79},[65,54059,54060],{"class":96}," 9",[65,54062,100],{"class":79},[65,54064,14117],{"class":96},[65,54066,3786],{"class":79},[51,54068,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,54070,54072],{"id":54071},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54074,46286,54075,54077,54078,144],{},[15,54076,52576],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54079,3930],{},[1059,54081,54083],{"id":54082},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54085,54086,54087,144],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[88,54088,54089],{"href":53268},[15,54090,53370],{},[1059,54092,54094],{"id":54093},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54096,54097],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54099,350],{},[56,54101,54103],{"className":58,"code":54102,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54104,54105,54121,54139,54143],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54106,54107,54109,54111,54113,54115,54117,54119],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54108,72],{"class":71},[65,54110,76],{"class":75},[65,54112,3773],{"class":79},[65,54114,3135],{"class":96},[65,54116,100],{"class":79},[65,54118,113],{"class":96},[65,54120,3786],{"class":79},[65,54122,54123,54125,54127,54129,54131,54133,54135,54137],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,54124,184],{"class":71},[65,54126,144],{"class":79},[65,54128,13682],{"class":147},[65,54130,3132],{"class":79},[65,54132,2210],{"class":96},[65,54134,100],{"class":79},[65,54136,2602],{"class":96},[65,54138,4042],{"class":79},[65,54140,54141],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,54142,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,54144,54145,54147,54149,54151],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,54146,165],{"class":164},[65,54148,168],{"class":79},[65,54150,184],{"class":147},[65,54152,174],{"class":79},[20,54154,191],{},[56,54156,54157],{"className":58,"code":53232,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,54158,54159],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54160,54161,54163,54165,54167,54169,54171,54173,54175,54177,54179],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54162,4054],{"class":79},[65,54164,3135],{"class":96},[65,54166,100],{"class":79},[65,54168,113],{"class":96},[65,54170,100],{"class":79},[65,54172,3773],{"class":79},[65,54174,2210],{"class":96},[65,54176,100],{"class":79},[65,54178,2602],{"class":96},[65,54180,53166],{"class":79},[1059,54182,54184],{"id":54183},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54186,54187,54189,54190,54193],{},[15,54188,52576],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54191,54192],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[51,54195,2015],{"id":2014},[30,54197,54198,54203,54207,54212,54216],{},[33,54199,54200],{},[88,54201,54202],{"href":52972},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[33,54204,54205],{},[88,54206,53484],{"href":53268},[33,54208,54209],{},[88,54210,54211],{"href":53832},"Python list insert() method",[33,54213,54214],{},[88,54215,52695],{"href":50902},[33,54217,54218],{},[88,54219,54221],{"href":54220},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2071,54223,54224],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":54226},[54227,54228,54229,54230,54231,54232,54238,54244,54245,54251],{"id":3757,"depth":133,"text":3758},{"id":52655,"depth":133,"text":52656},{"id":5582,"depth":133,"text":5583},{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506},{"id":52976,"depth":133,"text":52977},{"id":53275,"depth":133,"text":53276,"children":54233},[54234,54236],{"id":53282,"depth":154,"text":54235},"Using append()",{"id":53367,"depth":154,"text":54237},"Using extend()",{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675,"children":54239},[54240,54241,54242,54243],{"id":53489,"depth":154,"text":53490},{"id":53667,"depth":154,"text":53668},{"id":53728,"depth":154,"text":53729},{"id":53820,"depth":154,"text":53821},{"id":53940,"depth":133,"text":53941},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":54246},[54247,54248,54249,54250],{"id":54071,"depth":154,"text":54072},{"id":54082,"depth":154,"text":54083},{"id":54093,"depth":154,"text":54094},{"id":54183,"depth":154,"text":54184},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52566,"description":54252},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54259,"title":54260,"body":54261,"description":55505,"extension":2111,"meta":55506,"navigation":157,"path":55507,"seo":55508,"stem":55509,"__hash__":55510},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54262,"toc":55470},[54263,54269,54275,54281,54283,54331,54336,54341,54345,54361,54367,54369,54372,54387,54389,54400,54402,54404,54461,54463,54471,54473,54489,54495,54497,54503,54507,54591,54594,54643,54650,54658,54661,54675,54688,54694,54769,54776,54783,54857,54865,54868,54879,54888,54892,54896,54907,54909,54986,55007,55009,55019,55022,55070,55072,55093,55096,55098,55149,55155,55162,55229,55235,55241,55244,55271,55276,55282,55285,55357,55360,55371,55377,55379,55385,55388,55394,55400,55407,55415,55421,55427,55429,55467],[10,54264,54266,54267,18],{"id":54265},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54268,2050],{},[20,54270,54271,54274],{},[15,54272,54273],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54276,54277,54278,54280],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[46,54279,11476],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[51,54282,3758],{"id":3757},[56,54284,54286],{"className":58,"code":54285,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54287,54288,54308,54318],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54289,54290,54292,54294,54296,54298,54300,54302,54304,54306],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54291,7929],{"class":71},[65,54293,76],{"class":75},[65,54295,3773],{"class":79},[65,54297,3135],{"class":96},[65,54299,100],{"class":79},[65,54301,113],{"class":96},[65,54303,100],{"class":79},[65,54305,127],{"class":96},[65,54307,3786],{"class":79},[65,54309,54310,54312,54314,54316],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,54311,7960],{"class":71},[65,54313,144],{"class":79},[65,54315,11525],{"class":147},[65,54317,151],{"class":79},[65,54319,54320,54322,54324,54326,54328],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,54321,165],{"class":164},[65,54323,168],{"class":79},[65,54325,7960],{"class":147},[65,54327,3813],{"class":79},[65,54329,54330],{"class":3816},"  # []\n",[20,54332,1309,54333,54335],{},[15,54334,2050],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[51,54337,252,54339,255],{"id":54338},"what-listclear-does",[15,54340,54273],{},[20,54342,54343,93],{},[15,54344,54273],{},[30,54346,54347,54350,54353,54358],{},[33,54348,54349],{},"Removes every item from a list",[33,54351,54352],{},"Changes the original list in place",[33,54354,54355,54356],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54357,3939],{},[33,54359,54360],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54362,54363,54364,54366],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54365,2050],{},", but it contains no values.",[51,54368,283],{"id":282},[20,54370,54371],{},"Syntax:",[56,54373,54375],{"className":58,"code":54374,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54376,54377],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54378,54379,54381,54383,54385],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54380,8490],{"class":71},[65,54382,144],{"class":79},[65,54384,11525],{"class":147},[65,54386,151],{"class":79},[20,54388,302],{},[30,54390,54391,54394,54397],{},[33,54392,54393],{},"Call it on a list object",[33,54395,54396],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[33,54398,54399],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[51,54401,506],{"id":505},[20,54403,11617],{},[56,54405,54407],{"className":58,"code":54406,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54408,54409,54433,54437,54447,54451],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54410,54411,54413,54415,54417,54419,54421,54423,54425,54427,54429,54431],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54412,3768],{"class":71},[65,54414,76],{"class":75},[65,54416,3773],{"class":79},[65,54418,2476],{"class":96},[65,54420,100],{"class":79},[65,54422,7940],{"class":96},[65,54424,100],{"class":79},[65,54426,7945],{"class":96},[65,54428,100],{"class":79},[65,54430,50766],{"class":96},[65,54432,3786],{"class":79},[65,54434,54435],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,54436,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,54438,54439,54441,54443,54445],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,54440,3800],{"class":71},[65,54442,144],{"class":79},[65,54444,11525],{"class":147},[65,54446,151],{"class":79},[65,54448,54449],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,54450,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,54452,54453,54455,54457,54459],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,54454,165],{"class":164},[65,54456,168],{"class":79},[65,54458,3800],{"class":147},[65,54460,174],{"class":79},[20,54462,191],{},[56,54464,54465],{"className":58,"code":38214,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,54466,54467],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54468,54469],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54470,38214],{"class":79},[20,54472,11820],{},[30,54474,54475,54480,54486],{},[33,54476,54477,54479],{},[15,54478,3800],{}," starts with four items",[33,54481,54482,54485],{},[15,54483,54484],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[33,54487,54488],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54490,54491,54492,144],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[88,54493,52695],{"href":54494},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[51,54496,17533],{"id":17532},[20,54498,54499,2543,54501,144],{},[15,54500,2050],{},[15,54502,3930],{},[20,54504,40824,54505,52591],{},[46,54506,1014],{},[56,54508,54510],{"className":58,"code":54509,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54511,54512,54544,54548,54562,54566,54579],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54513,54514,54516,54518,54520,54522,54524,54526,54528,54530,54532,54534,54536,54538,54540,54542],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54515,7929],{"class":71},[65,54517,76],{"class":75},[65,54519,3773],{"class":79},[65,54521,84],{"class":83},[65,54523,88],{"class":87},[65,54525,84],{"class":83},[65,54527,100],{"class":79},[65,54529,103],{"class":83},[65,54531,106],{"class":87},[65,54533,84],{"class":83},[65,54535,100],{"class":79},[65,54537,103],{"class":83},[65,54539,120],{"class":87},[65,54541,84],{"class":83},[65,54543,3786],{"class":79},[65,54545,54546],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,54547,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,54549,54550,54552,54554,54556,54558,54560],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,54551,401],{"class":71},[65,54553,76],{"class":75},[65,54555,6118],{"class":71},[65,54557,144],{"class":79},[65,54559,11525],{"class":147},[65,54561,151],{"class":79},[65,54563,54564],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,54565,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,54567,54568,54570,54572,54574,54576],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,54569,165],{"class":164},[65,54571,168],{"class":79},[65,54573,7960],{"class":147},[65,54575,3813],{"class":79},[65,54577,54578],{"class":3816},"   # []\n",[65,54580,54581,54583,54585,54587,54589],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,54582,165],{"class":164},[65,54584,168],{"class":79},[65,54586,425],{"class":147},[65,54588,3813],{"class":79},[65,54590,20991],{"class":3816},[20,54592,54593],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[56,54595,54597],{"className":58,"code":54596,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54598,54599,54619,54633],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54600,54601,54603,54605,54607,54609,54611,54613,54615,54617],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54602,7929],{"class":71},[65,54604,76],{"class":75},[65,54606,3773],{"class":79},[65,54608,3135],{"class":96},[65,54610,100],{"class":79},[65,54612,113],{"class":96},[65,54614,100],{"class":79},[65,54616,127],{"class":96},[65,54618,3786],{"class":79},[65,54620,54621,54623,54625,54627,54629,54631],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,54622,7929],{"class":71},[65,54624,76],{"class":75},[65,54626,6118],{"class":71},[65,54628,144],{"class":79},[65,54630,11525],{"class":147},[65,54632,151],{"class":79},[65,54634,54635,54637,54639,54641],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,54636,165],{"class":164},[65,54638,168],{"class":79},[65,54640,7960],{"class":147},[65,54642,174],{"class":79},[20,54644,12051,54645,42074,54647,54649],{},[15,54646,7960],{},[15,54648,3930],{},", not an empty list.",[51,54651,54653,54655,54656],{"id":54652},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54654,2050],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54657,3939],{},[20,54659,54660],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[56,54662,54663],{"className":58,"code":54374,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,54664,54665],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54666,54667,54669,54671,54673],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54668,8490],{"class":71},[65,54670,144],{"class":79},[65,54672,11525],{"class":147},[65,54674,151],{"class":79},[56,54676,54678],{"className":58,"code":54677,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list = []\n",[15,54679,54680],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54681,54682,54684,54686],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54683,8459],{"class":71},[65,54685,76],{"class":75},[65,54687,7989],{"class":79},[1059,54689,54691,54693],{"id":54690},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54692,2050],{}," empties the same list object",[56,54695,54697],{"className":58,"code":54696,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54698,54699,54719,54727,54731,54741,54745,54757],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54700,54701,54703,54705,54707,54709,54711,54713,54715,54717],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54702,2700],{"class":71},[65,54704,76],{"class":75},[65,54706,3773],{"class":79},[65,54708,3135],{"class":96},[65,54710,100],{"class":79},[65,54712,113],{"class":96},[65,54714,100],{"class":79},[65,54716,127],{"class":96},[65,54718,3786],{"class":79},[65,54720,54721,54723,54725],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,54722,2728],{"class":71},[65,54724,76],{"class":75},[65,54726,36090],{"class":71},[65,54728,54729],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,54730,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,54732,54733,54735,54737,54739],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,54734,88],{"class":71},[65,54736,144],{"class":79},[65,54738,11525],{"class":147},[65,54740,151],{"class":79},[65,54742,54743],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,54744,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,54746,54747,54749,54751,54753,54755],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,54748,165],{"class":164},[65,54750,168],{"class":79},[65,54752,88],{"class":147},[65,54754,3813],{"class":79},[65,54756,54330],{"class":3816},[65,54758,54759,54761,54763,54765,54767],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,54760,165],{"class":164},[65,54762,168],{"class":79},[65,54764,106],{"class":147},[65,54766,3813],{"class":79},[65,54768,54330],{"class":3816},[20,54770,10734,54771,1048,54773,54775],{},[15,54772,88],{},[15,54774,106],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1059,54777,54779,54782],{"id":54778},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54780,54781],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[56,54784,54786],{"className":58,"code":54785,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54787,54788,54808,54816,54820,54828,54832,54844],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54789,54790,54792,54794,54796,54798,54800,54802,54804,54806],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54791,2700],{"class":71},[65,54793,76],{"class":75},[65,54795,3773],{"class":79},[65,54797,3135],{"class":96},[65,54799,100],{"class":79},[65,54801,113],{"class":96},[65,54803,100],{"class":79},[65,54805,127],{"class":96},[65,54807,3786],{"class":79},[65,54809,54810,54812,54814],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,54811,2728],{"class":71},[65,54813,76],{"class":75},[65,54815,36090],{"class":71},[65,54817,54818],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,54819,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,54821,54822,54824,54826],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,54823,2700],{"class":71},[65,54825,76],{"class":75},[65,54827,7989],{"class":79},[65,54829,54830],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,54831,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,54833,54834,54836,54838,54840,54842],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,54835,165],{"class":164},[65,54837,168],{"class":79},[65,54839,88],{"class":147},[65,54841,3813],{"class":79},[65,54843,54330],{"class":3816},[65,54845,54846,54848,54850,54852,54854],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,54847,165],{"class":164},[65,54849,168],{"class":79},[65,54851,106],{"class":147},[65,54853,3813],{"class":79},[65,54855,54856],{"class":3816},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54858,20886,54859,54861,54862,54864],{},[15,54860,88],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54863,106],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54866,54867],{},"This difference matters when:",[30,54869,54870,54873,54876],{},[33,54871,54872],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[33,54874,54875],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[33,54877,54878],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54880,54881,54882,144],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[88,54883,54885,54886,10885],{"href":54884},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54887,12908],{},[51,54889,1553,54890],{"id":12573},[15,54891,2050],{},[20,54893,1309,54894,6471],{},[15,54895,2050],{},[30,54897,54898,54901,54904],{},[33,54899,54900],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[33,54902,54903],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[33,54905,54906],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54908,350],{},[56,54910,54912],{"className":58,"code":54911,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54913,54914,54950,54954,54959,54970,54974],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,54915,54916,54919,54921,54923,54925,54928,54930,54932,54934,54937,54939,54941,54943,54946,54948],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,54917,54918],{"class":71},"shopping_cart ",[65,54920,76],{"class":75},[65,54922,3773],{"class":79},[65,54924,84],{"class":83},[65,54926,54927],{"class":87},"milk",[65,54929,84],{"class":83},[65,54931,100],{"class":79},[65,54933,103],{"class":83},[65,54935,54936],{"class":87},"bread",[65,54938,84],{"class":83},[65,54940,100],{"class":79},[65,54942,103],{"class":83},[65,54944,54945],{"class":87},"eggs",[65,54947,84],{"class":83},[65,54949,3786],{"class":79},[65,54951,54952],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,54953,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,54955,54956],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,54957,54958],{"class":3816},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[65,54960,54961,54964,54966,54968],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,54962,54963],{"class":71},"shopping_cart",[65,54965,144],{"class":79},[65,54967,11525],{"class":147},[65,54969,151],{"class":79},[65,54971,54972],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,54973,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,54975,54976,54978,54980,54982,54984],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,54977,165],{"class":164},[65,54979,168],{"class":79},[65,54981,54963],{"class":147},[65,54983,3813],{"class":79},[65,54985,54330],{"class":3816},[20,54987,54988,54989,54993,54994,55000,55001,144],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[88,54990,54992],{"href":54991},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[88,54995,54997,10885],{"href":54996},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54998,54999],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[88,55002,55004,10885],{"href":55003},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55005,55006],{},"list.pop()",[51,55008,4675],{"id":4674},[1059,55010,55012,55013,11237,55016],{"id":55011},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55014,55015],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55017,55018],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55020,55021],{},"This does not call the method.",[56,55023,55025],{"className":58,"code":55024,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55026,55027,55047,55051,55060],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55028,55029,55031,55033,55035,55037,55039,55041,55043,55045],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55030,7929],{"class":71},[65,55032,76],{"class":75},[65,55034,3773],{"class":79},[65,55036,3135],{"class":96},[65,55038,100],{"class":79},[65,55040,113],{"class":96},[65,55042,100],{"class":79},[65,55044,127],{"class":96},[65,55046,3786],{"class":79},[65,55048,55049],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,55050,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,55052,55053,55055,55057],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,55054,7960],{"class":71},[65,55056,144],{"class":79},[65,55058,55059],{"class":24857},"clear\n",[65,55061,55062,55064,55066,55068],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,55063,165],{"class":164},[65,55065,168],{"class":79},[65,55067,7960],{"class":147},[65,55069,174],{"class":79},[20,55071,191],{},[56,55073,55075],{"className":58,"code":55074,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55076,55077],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55078,55079,55081,55083,55085,55087,55089,55091],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55080,4054],{"class":79},[65,55082,3135],{"class":96},[65,55084,100],{"class":79},[65,55086,113],{"class":96},[65,55088,100],{"class":79},[65,55090,127],{"class":96},[65,55092,3786],{"class":79},[20,55094,55095],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55097,10952],{},[56,55099,55101],{"className":58,"code":55100,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55102,55103,55123,55127,55137],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55104,55105,55107,55109,55111,55113,55115,55117,55119,55121],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55106,7929],{"class":71},[65,55108,76],{"class":75},[65,55110,3773],{"class":79},[65,55112,3135],{"class":96},[65,55114,100],{"class":79},[65,55116,113],{"class":96},[65,55118,100],{"class":79},[65,55120,127],{"class":96},[65,55122,3786],{"class":79},[65,55124,55125],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,55126,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,55128,55129,55131,55133,55135],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,55130,7960],{"class":71},[65,55132,144],{"class":79},[65,55134,11525],{"class":147},[65,55136,151],{"class":79},[65,55138,55139,55141,55143,55145,55147],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,55140,165],{"class":164},[65,55142,168],{"class":79},[65,55144,7960],{"class":147},[65,55146,3813],{"class":79},[65,55148,54330],{"class":3816},[1059,55150,1792,55152,55154],{"id":55151},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55153,2050],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55156,55157,2543,55159,55161],{},[15,55158,2050],{},[15,55160,3930],{},", not the list.",[56,55163,55165],{"className":58,"code":55164,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55166,55167,55187,55201,55205,55217],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55168,55169,55171,55173,55175,55177,55179,55181,55183,55185],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55170,7929],{"class":71},[65,55172,76],{"class":75},[65,55174,3773],{"class":79},[65,55176,3135],{"class":96},[65,55178,100],{"class":79},[65,55180,113],{"class":96},[65,55182,100],{"class":79},[65,55184,127],{"class":96},[65,55186,3786],{"class":79},[65,55188,55189,55191,55193,55195,55197,55199],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,55190,401],{"class":71},[65,55192,76],{"class":75},[65,55194,6118],{"class":71},[65,55196,144],{"class":79},[65,55198,11525],{"class":147},[65,55200,151],{"class":79},[65,55202,55203],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,55204,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,55206,55207,55209,55211,55213,55215],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,55208,165],{"class":164},[65,55210,168],{"class":79},[65,55212,425],{"class":147},[65,55214,3813],{"class":79},[65,55216,20991],{"class":3816},[65,55218,55219,55221,55223,55225,55227],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,55220,165],{"class":164},[65,55222,168],{"class":79},[65,55224,7960],{"class":147},[65,55226,3813],{"class":79},[65,55228,54578],{"class":3816},[1059,55230,8569,55232,55234],{"id":55231},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55233,2050],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55236,55237,55238,55240],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55239,2050],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55242,55243],{},"This will fail:",[56,55245,55247],{"className":58,"code":55246,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55248,55249,55261],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55250,55251,55253,55255,55257,55259],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55252,34600],{"class":71},[65,55254,76],{"class":75},[65,55256,103],{"class":83},[65,55258,3998],{"class":87},[65,55260,1650],{"class":83},[65,55262,55263,55265,55267,55269],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,55264,34621],{"class":71},[65,55266,144],{"class":79},[65,55268,11525],{"class":147},[65,55270,151],{"class":79},[20,55272,55273,55274,33512],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55275,2050],{},[20,55277,55278,55279,55281],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55280,3930],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55283,55284],{},"Useful checks:",[56,55286,55288],{"className":58,"code":55287,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55289,55290,55300,55314,55328,55337,55347],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55291,55292,55294,55296,55298],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55293,165],{"class":164},[65,55295,168],{"class":79},[65,55297,8490],{"class":147},[65,55299,174],{"class":79},[65,55301,55302,55304,55306,55308,55310,55312],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,55303,165],{"class":164},[65,55305,168],{"class":79},[65,55307,3370],{"class":1368},[65,55309,168],{"class":79},[65,55311,8490],{"class":147},[65,55313,1870],{"class":79},[65,55315,55316,55318,55320,55322,55324,55326],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,55317,165],{"class":164},[65,55319,168],{"class":79},[65,55321,12783],{"class":164},[65,55323,168],{"class":79},[65,55325,8490],{"class":147},[65,55327,1870],{"class":79},[65,55329,55330,55332,55334],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,55331,43469],{"class":71},[65,55333,76],{"class":75},[65,55335,55336],{"class":71}," my_list\n",[65,55338,55339,55341,55343,55345],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,55340,8490],{"class":71},[65,55342,144],{"class":79},[65,55344,11525],{"class":147},[65,55346,151],{"class":79},[65,55348,55349,55351,55353,55355],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,55350,165],{"class":164},[65,55352,168],{"class":79},[65,55354,30653],{"class":147},[65,55356,174],{"class":79},[20,55358,55359],{},"These can help you see:",[30,55361,55362,55365,55368],{},[33,55363,55364],{},"What the variable currently contains",[33,55366,55367],{},"Whether it is really a list",[33,55369,55370],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55372,55373,55374,144],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[88,55375,55376],{"href":54220},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[51,55378,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,55380,1966,55382,55384],{"id":55381},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55383,54273],{}," delete the list?",[20,55386,55387],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1059,55389,1966,55391,55393],{"id":55390},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55392,54273],{}," return a new list?",[20,55395,55396,55397,55399],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55398,3930],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1059,55401,5330,55403,1048,55405,2637],{"id":55402},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55404,2050],{},[15,55406,54781],{},[20,55408,55409,55411,55412,55414],{},[15,55410,2050],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55413,54781],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1059,55416,28432,55418,55420],{"id":55417},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55419,2050],{}," on other types?",[20,55422,55423,55424,55426],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55425,2050],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[51,55428,2015],{"id":2014},[30,55430,55431,55435,55440,55447,55454,55460],{},[33,55432,55433],{},[88,55434,52695],{"href":54494},[33,55436,55437],{},[88,55438,55439],{"href":54991},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[33,55441,55442],{},[88,55443,55444,55445,10885],{"href":55003},"Python list ",[15,55446,327],{},[33,55448,55449],{},[88,55450,55444,55451,10885],{"href":54996},[15,55452,55453],{},"remove()",[33,55455,55456],{},[88,55457,55444,55458,10885],{"href":54884},[15,55459,12908],{},[33,55461,55462],{},[88,55463,2067,55464,33545],{"href":54220},[15,55465,55466],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2071,55468,55469],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":55471},[55472,55473,55475,55476,55477,55478,55485,55486,55494,55504],{"id":3757,"depth":133,"text":3758},{"id":54338,"depth":133,"text":55474},"What list.clear() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506},{"id":17532,"depth":133,"text":17533},{"id":54652,"depth":133,"text":55479,"children":55480},"clear() vs assigning []",[55481,55483],{"id":54690,"depth":154,"text":55482},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54778,"depth":154,"text":55484},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12573,"depth":133,"text":12939},{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675,"children":55487},[55488,55490,55492],{"id":55011,"depth":154,"text":55489},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55151,"depth":154,"text":55491},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55231,"depth":154,"text":55493},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":55495},[55496,55498,55500,55502],{"id":55381,"depth":154,"text":55497},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55390,"depth":154,"text":55499},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55402,"depth":154,"text":55501},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55417,"depth":154,"text":55503},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54260,"description":55505},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55512,"title":55513,"body":55514,"description":57199,"extension":2111,"meta":57200,"navigation":157,"path":57201,"seo":57202,"stem":57203,"__hash__":57204},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55515,"toc":57167},[55516,55521,55527,55535,55537,55626,55633,55638,55642,55656,55658,55735,55737,55798,55801,55803,55805,55826,55829,55843,55846,55891,55893,55901,55904,55910,55916,55919,55996,55998,56043,56046,56051,56134,56136,56177,56182,56186,56192,56194,56202,56205,56298,56300,56358,56361,56377,56382,56392,56397,56399,56404,56409,56412,56414,56471,56474,56527,56533,56538,56542,56559,56561,56645,56647,56688,56696,56698,56703,56709,56711,56774,56779,56849,56853,56888,56891,56893,56932,56936,57012,57018,57024,57029,57051,57054,57073,57081,57083,57089,57092,57099,57107,57112,57115,57119,57125,57133,57136,57138,57164],[10,55517,54266,55519,18],{"id":55518},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55520,12908],{},[20,55522,55523,55526],{},[15,55524,55525],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55528,55529,55530,14183,55532,55534],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55531,76],{},[46,55533,1014],{}," make a real copy.",[51,55536,54],{"id":53},[56,55538,55540],{"className":58,"code":55539,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55541,55542,55562,55577,55581,55596,55600,55613],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55543,55544,55546,55548,55550,55552,55554,55556,55558,55560],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55545,3768],{"class":71},[65,55547,76],{"class":75},[65,55549,3773],{"class":79},[65,55551,3135],{"class":96},[65,55553,100],{"class":79},[65,55555,113],{"class":96},[65,55557,100],{"class":79},[65,55559,127],{"class":96},[65,55561,3786],{"class":79},[65,55563,55564,55567,55569,55571,55573,55575],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,55565,55566],{"class":71},"new_numbers ",[65,55568,76],{"class":75},[65,55570,4419],{"class":71},[65,55572,144],{"class":79},[65,55574,13041],{"class":147},[65,55576,151],{"class":79},[65,55578,55579],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,55580,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,55582,55583,55586,55588,55590,55592,55594],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,55584,55585],{"class":71},"new_numbers",[65,55587,144],{"class":79},[65,55589,13682],{"class":147},[65,55591,168],{"class":79},[65,55593,2650],{"class":96},[65,55595,174],{"class":79},[65,55597,55598],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,55599,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,55601,55602,55604,55606,55608,55610],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,55603,165],{"class":164},[65,55605,168],{"class":79},[65,55607,3800],{"class":147},[65,55609,3813],{"class":79},[65,55611,55612],{"class":3816},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[65,55614,55615,55617,55619,55621,55623],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,55616,165],{"class":164},[65,55618,168],{"class":79},[65,55620,55585],{"class":147},[65,55622,3813],{"class":79},[65,55624,55625],{"class":3816},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55627,1309,55628,55630,55631,144],{},[15,55629,55525],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[46,55632,12981],{},[51,55634,252,55636,255],{"id":55635},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55637,55525],{},[20,55639,55640,93],{},[15,55641,55525],{},[30,55643,55644,55647,55650,55653],{},[33,55645,55646],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[33,55648,55649],{},"Returns that new list",[33,55651,55652],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[33,55654,55655],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55657,350],{},[56,55659,55661],{"className":58,"code":55660,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55662,55663,55695,55710,55714,55724],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55664,55665,55667,55669,55671,55673,55675,55677,55679,55681,55683,55685,55687,55689,55691,55693],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55666,36154],{"class":71},[65,55668,76],{"class":75},[65,55670,3773],{"class":79},[65,55672,84],{"class":83},[65,55674,4234],{"class":87},[65,55676,84],{"class":83},[65,55678,100],{"class":79},[65,55680,103],{"class":83},[65,55682,4243],{"class":87},[65,55684,84],{"class":83},[65,55686,100],{"class":79},[65,55688,103],{"class":83},[65,55690,33132],{"class":87},[65,55692,84],{"class":83},[65,55694,3786],{"class":79},[65,55696,55697,55700,55702,55704,55706,55708],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,55698,55699],{"class":71},"copied_fruits ",[65,55701,76],{"class":75},[65,55703,52775],{"class":71},[65,55705,144],{"class":79},[65,55707,13041],{"class":147},[65,55709,151],{"class":79},[65,55711,55712],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,55713,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,55715,55716,55718,55720,55722],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,55717,165],{"class":164},[65,55719,168],{"class":79},[65,55721,36206],{"class":147},[65,55723,174],{"class":79},[65,55725,55726,55728,55730,55733],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,55727,165],{"class":164},[65,55729,168],{"class":79},[65,55731,55732],{"class":147},"copied_fruits",[65,55734,174],{"class":79},[20,55736,191],{},[56,55738,55740],{"className":58,"code":55739,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55741,55742,55770],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55743,55744,55746,55748,55750,55752,55754,55756,55758,55760,55762,55764,55766,55768],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55745,4054],{"class":79},[65,55747,203],{"class":83},[65,55749,4234],{"class":87},[65,55751,203],{"class":83},[65,55753,100],{"class":79},[65,55755,233],{"class":83},[65,55757,4243],{"class":87},[65,55759,203],{"class":83},[65,55761,100],{"class":79},[65,55763,233],{"class":83},[65,55765,33132],{"class":87},[65,55767,203],{"class":83},[65,55769,3786],{"class":79},[65,55771,55772,55774,55776,55778,55780,55782,55784,55786,55788,55790,55792,55794,55796],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,55773,4054],{"class":79},[65,55775,203],{"class":83},[65,55777,4234],{"class":87},[65,55779,203],{"class":83},[65,55781,100],{"class":79},[65,55783,233],{"class":83},[65,55785,4243],{"class":87},[65,55787,203],{"class":83},[65,55789,100],{"class":79},[65,55791,233],{"class":83},[65,55793,33132],{"class":87},[65,55795,203],{"class":83},[65,55797,3786],{"class":79},[20,55799,55800],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[51,55802,283],{"id":282},[20,55804,2307],{},[56,55806,55808],{"className":58,"code":55807,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55809,55810],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55811,55812,55815,55817,55820,55822,55824],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55813,55814],{"class":71},"new_list ",[65,55816,76],{"class":75},[65,55818,55819],{"class":71}," old_list",[65,55821,144],{"class":79},[65,55823,13041],{"class":147},[65,55825,151],{"class":79},[20,55827,55828],{},"How it works:",[30,55830,55831,55837,55840],{},[33,55832,55833,55834,55836],{},"Call ",[15,55835,12908],{}," on an existing list",[33,55838,55839],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[33,55841,55842],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55844,55845],{},"Example with an empty list:",[56,55847,55849],{"className":58,"code":55848,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55850,55851,55860,55876,55880],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55852,55853,55856,55858],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55854,55855],{"class":71},"empty_list ",[65,55857,76],{"class":75},[65,55859,7989],{"class":79},[65,55861,55862,55865,55867,55870,55872,55874],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,55863,55864],{"class":71},"new_empty_list ",[65,55866,76],{"class":75},[65,55868,55869],{"class":71}," empty_list",[65,55871,144],{"class":79},[65,55873,13041],{"class":147},[65,55875,151],{"class":79},[65,55877,55878],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,55879,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,55881,55882,55884,55886,55889],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,55883,165],{"class":164},[65,55885,168],{"class":79},[65,55887,55888],{"class":147},"new_empty_list",[65,55890,174],{"class":79},[20,55892,191],{},[56,55894,55895],{"className":58,"code":38214,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,55896,55897],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55898,55899],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55900,38214],{"class":79},[20,55902,55903],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[51,55905,55907,55908],{"id":55906},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55909,76],{},[20,55911,8569,55912,14183,55914,52591],{},[15,55913,76],{},[46,55915,1014],{},[20,55917,55918],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[56,55920,55922],{"className":58,"code":55921,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55923,55924,55944,55953,55957,55972,55976,55986],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,55925,55926,55928,55930,55932,55934,55936,55938,55940,55942],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,55927,3768],{"class":71},[65,55929,76],{"class":75},[65,55931,3773],{"class":79},[65,55933,3135],{"class":96},[65,55935,100],{"class":79},[65,55937,113],{"class":96},[65,55939,100],{"class":79},[65,55941,127],{"class":96},[65,55943,3786],{"class":79},[65,55945,55946,55949,55951],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,55947,55948],{"class":71},"same_list ",[65,55950,76],{"class":75},[65,55952,43902],{"class":71},[65,55954,55955],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,55956,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,55958,55959,55962,55964,55966,55968,55970],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,55960,55961],{"class":71},"same_list",[65,55963,144],{"class":79},[65,55965,13682],{"class":147},[65,55967,168],{"class":79},[65,55969,2650],{"class":96},[65,55971,174],{"class":79},[65,55973,55974],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,55975,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,55977,55978,55980,55982,55984],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,55979,165],{"class":164},[65,55981,168],{"class":79},[65,55983,3800],{"class":147},[65,55985,174],{"class":79},[65,55987,55988,55990,55992,55994],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,55989,165],{"class":164},[65,55991,168],{"class":79},[65,55993,55961],{"class":147},[65,55995,174],{"class":79},[20,55997,191],{},[56,55999,56001],{"className":58,"code":56000,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56002,56003,56023],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56004,56005,56007,56009,56011,56013,56015,56017,56019,56021],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56006,4054],{"class":79},[65,56008,3135],{"class":96},[65,56010,100],{"class":79},[65,56012,113],{"class":96},[65,56014,100],{"class":79},[65,56016,127],{"class":96},[65,56018,100],{"class":79},[65,56020,2602],{"class":96},[65,56022,3786],{"class":79},[65,56024,56025,56027,56029,56031,56033,56035,56037,56039,56041],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,56026,4054],{"class":79},[65,56028,3135],{"class":96},[65,56030,100],{"class":79},[65,56032,113],{"class":96},[65,56034,100],{"class":79},[65,56036,127],{"class":96},[65,56038,100],{"class":79},[65,56040,2602],{"class":96},[65,56042,3786],{"class":79},[20,56044,56045],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56047,56048,56049,93],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56050,12908],{},[56,56052,56054],{"className":58,"code":56053,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56055,56056,56076,56091,56095,56110,56114,56124],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56057,56058,56060,56062,56064,56066,56068,56070,56072,56074],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56059,3768],{"class":71},[65,56061,76],{"class":75},[65,56063,3773],{"class":79},[65,56065,3135],{"class":96},[65,56067,100],{"class":79},[65,56069,113],{"class":96},[65,56071,100],{"class":79},[65,56073,127],{"class":96},[65,56075,3786],{"class":79},[65,56077,56078,56081,56083,56085,56087,56089],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,56079,56080],{"class":71},"copied_numbers ",[65,56082,76],{"class":75},[65,56084,4419],{"class":71},[65,56086,144],{"class":79},[65,56088,13041],{"class":147},[65,56090,151],{"class":79},[65,56092,56093],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,56094,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,56096,56097,56100,56102,56104,56106,56108],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,56098,56099],{"class":71},"copied_numbers",[65,56101,144],{"class":79},[65,56103,13682],{"class":147},[65,56105,168],{"class":79},[65,56107,2650],{"class":96},[65,56109,174],{"class":79},[65,56111,56112],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,56113,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,56115,56116,56118,56120,56122],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,56117,165],{"class":164},[65,56119,168],{"class":79},[65,56121,3800],{"class":147},[65,56123,174],{"class":79},[65,56125,56126,56128,56130,56132],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,56127,165],{"class":164},[65,56129,168],{"class":79},[65,56131,56099],{"class":147},[65,56133,174],{"class":79},[20,56135,191],{},[56,56137,56139],{"className":58,"code":56138,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56140,56141,56157],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56142,56143,56145,56147,56149,56151,56153,56155],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56144,4054],{"class":79},[65,56146,3135],{"class":96},[65,56148,100],{"class":79},[65,56150,113],{"class":96},[65,56152,100],{"class":79},[65,56154,127],{"class":96},[65,56156,3786],{"class":79},[65,56158,56159,56161,56163,56165,56167,56169,56171,56173,56175],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,56160,4054],{"class":79},[65,56162,3135],{"class":96},[65,56164,100],{"class":79},[65,56166,113],{"class":96},[65,56168,100],{"class":79},[65,56170,127],{"class":96},[65,56172,100],{"class":79},[65,56174,2602],{"class":96},[65,56176,3786],{"class":79},[20,56178,56179,56180,144],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[88,56181,52695],{"href":50902},[51,56183,56185],{"id":56184},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56187,56188,12978,56190,144],{},[15,56189,55525],{},[46,56191,12981],{},[20,56193,2254],{},[30,56195,56196,56199],{},[33,56197,56198],{},"The outer list is new",[33,56200,56201],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56203,56204],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[56,56206,56208],{"className":58,"code":56207,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56209,56210,56237,56251,56255,56274,56278,56288],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56211,56212,56214,56216,56219,56221,56223,56225,56227,56229,56231,56233,56235],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56213,12221],{"class":71},[65,56215,76],{"class":75},[65,56217,56218],{"class":79}," [[",[65,56220,3135],{"class":96},[65,56222,100],{"class":79},[65,56224,113],{"class":96},[65,56226,18177],{"class":79},[65,56228,3773],{"class":79},[65,56230,2210],{"class":96},[65,56232,100],{"class":79},[65,56234,2602],{"class":96},[65,56236,53166],{"class":79},[65,56238,56239,56241,56243,56245,56247,56249],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,56240,14441],{"class":71},[65,56242,76],{"class":75},[65,56244,12296],{"class":71},[65,56246,144],{"class":79},[65,56248,13041],{"class":147},[65,56250,151],{"class":79},[65,56252,56253],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,56254,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,56256,56257,56259,56261,56263,56265,56267,56269,56272],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,56258,14460],{"class":71},[65,56260,4054],{"class":79},[65,56262,2267],{"class":96},[65,56264,13679],{"class":79},[65,56266,13682],{"class":147},[65,56268,168],{"class":79},[65,56270,56271],{"class":96},"99",[65,56273,174],{"class":79},[65,56275,56276],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,56277,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,56279,56280,56282,56284,56286],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,56281,165],{"class":164},[65,56283,168],{"class":79},[65,56285,12268],{"class":147},[65,56287,174],{"class":79},[65,56289,56290,56292,56294,56296],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,56291,165],{"class":164},[65,56293,168],{"class":79},[65,56295,14460],{"class":147},[65,56297,174],{"class":79},[20,56299,191],{},[56,56301,56303],{"className":58,"code":56302,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56304,56305,56332],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56306,56307,56310,56312,56314,56316,56318,56320,56322,56324,56326,56328,56330],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56308,56309],{"class":79},"[[",[65,56311,3135],{"class":96},[65,56313,100],{"class":79},[65,56315,113],{"class":96},[65,56317,100],{"class":79},[65,56319,10341],{"class":96},[65,56321,18177],{"class":79},[65,56323,3773],{"class":79},[65,56325,2210],{"class":96},[65,56327,100],{"class":79},[65,56329,2602],{"class":96},[65,56331,53166],{"class":79},[65,56333,56334,56336,56338,56340,56342,56344,56346,56348,56350,56352,56354,56356],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,56335,56309],{"class":79},[65,56337,3135],{"class":96},[65,56339,100],{"class":79},[65,56341,113],{"class":96},[65,56343,100],{"class":79},[65,56345,10341],{"class":96},[65,56347,18177],{"class":79},[65,56349,3773],{"class":79},[65,56351,2210],{"class":96},[65,56353,100],{"class":79},[65,56355,2602],{"class":96},[65,56357,53166],{"class":79},[20,56359,56360],{},"Why did both change?",[30,56362,56363,56370],{},[33,56364,56365,1048,56367,56369],{},[15,56366,12268],{},[15,56368,14460],{}," are different outer lists",[33,56371,56372,56373,56376],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56374,56375],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56378,53577,56379,56381],{},[15,56380,12908],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[30,56383,56384,56387,56390],{},[33,56385,56386],{},"Numbers",[33,56388,56389],{},"Strings",[33,56391,40513],{},[20,56393,56394,56395,144],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[88,56396,13920],{"href":13919},[51,56398,17533],{"id":17532},[20,56400,56401,56403],{},[15,56402,55525],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56405,40824,56406,56408],{},[46,56407,1014],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56410,56411],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56413,16776],{},[56,56415,56417],{"className":58,"code":56416,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56418,56419,56443,56457,56461],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56420,56421,56423,56425,56427,56429,56431,56433,56435,56437,56439,56441],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56422,13206],{"class":71},[65,56424,76],{"class":75},[65,56426,3773],{"class":79},[65,56428,84],{"class":83},[65,56430,13223],{"class":87},[65,56432,84],{"class":83},[65,56434,100],{"class":79},[65,56436,103],{"class":83},[65,56438,13240],{"class":87},[65,56440,84],{"class":83},[65,56442,3786],{"class":79},[65,56444,56445,56447,56449,56451,56453,56455],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,56446,13249],{"class":71},[65,56448,76],{"class":75},[65,56450,13254],{"class":71},[65,56452,144],{"class":79},[65,56454,13041],{"class":147},[65,56456,151],{"class":79},[65,56458,56459],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,56460,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,56462,56463,56465,56467,56469],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,56464,165],{"class":164},[65,56466,168],{"class":79},[65,56468,13273],{"class":147},[65,56470,174],{"class":79},[20,56472,56473],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[56,56475,56477],{"className":58,"code":56476,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56478,56479,56503,56513,56517],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56480,56481,56483,56485,56487,56489,56491,56493,56495,56497,56499,56501],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56482,13206],{"class":71},[65,56484,76],{"class":75},[65,56486,3773],{"class":79},[65,56488,84],{"class":83},[65,56490,13223],{"class":87},[65,56492,84],{"class":83},[65,56494,100],{"class":79},[65,56496,103],{"class":83},[65,56498,13240],{"class":87},[65,56500,84],{"class":83},[65,56502,3786],{"class":79},[65,56504,56505,56507,56509,56511],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,56506,17617],{"class":71},[65,56508,144],{"class":79},[65,56510,13041],{"class":147},[65,56512,151],{"class":79},[65,56514,56515],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,56516,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,56518,56519,56521,56523,56525],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,56520,165],{"class":164},[65,56522,168],{"class":79},[65,56524,17617],{"class":147},[65,56526,174],{"class":79},[20,56528,56529,56530,56532],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56531,12908],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[51,56534,1553,56536],{"id":56535},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56537,55525],{},[20,56539,1309,56540,10745],{},[15,56541,55525],{},[30,56543,56544,56547,56550,56553],{},[33,56545,56546],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[33,56548,56549],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[33,56551,56552],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[33,56554,56555,56556],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56557,56558],{},"[:]",[20,56560,350],{},[56,56562,56564],{"className":58,"code":56563,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56565,56566,56586,56601,56605,56620,56624,56634],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56567,56568,56570,56572,56574,56576,56578,56580,56582,56584],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56569,519],{"class":71},[65,56571,76],{"class":75},[65,56573,3773],{"class":79},[65,56575,2476],{"class":96},[65,56577,100],{"class":79},[65,56579,7940],{"class":96},[65,56581,100],{"class":79},[65,56583,7945],{"class":96},[65,56585,3786],{"class":79},[65,56587,56588,56591,56593,56595,56597,56599],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,56589,56590],{"class":71},"backup_scores ",[65,56592,76],{"class":75},[65,56594,579],{"class":71},[65,56596,144],{"class":79},[65,56598,13041],{"class":147},[65,56600,151],{"class":79},[65,56602,56603],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,56604,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,56606,56607,56609,56611,56613,56615,56618],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,56608,16511],{"class":71},[65,56610,144],{"class":79},[65,56612,13682],{"class":147},[65,56614,168],{"class":79},[65,56616,56617],{"class":96},"40",[65,56619,174],{"class":79},[65,56621,56622],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,56623,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,56625,56626,56628,56630,56632],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,56627,165],{"class":164},[65,56629,168],{"class":79},[65,56631,16511],{"class":147},[65,56633,174],{"class":79},[65,56635,56636,56638,56640,56643],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,56637,165],{"class":164},[65,56639,168],{"class":79},[65,56641,56642],{"class":147},"backup_scores",[65,56644,174],{"class":79},[20,56646,191],{},[56,56648,56650],{"className":58,"code":56649,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56651,56652,56672],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56653,56654,56656,56658,56660,56662,56664,56666,56668,56670],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56655,4054],{"class":79},[65,56657,2476],{"class":96},[65,56659,100],{"class":79},[65,56661,7940],{"class":96},[65,56663,100],{"class":79},[65,56665,7945],{"class":96},[65,56667,100],{"class":79},[65,56669,50766],{"class":96},[65,56671,3786],{"class":79},[65,56673,56674,56676,56678,56680,56682,56684,56686],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,56675,4054],{"class":79},[65,56677,2476],{"class":96},[65,56679,100],{"class":79},[65,56681,7940],{"class":96},[65,56683,100],{"class":79},[65,56685,7945],{"class":96},[65,56687,3786],{"class":79},[20,56689,56690,56691,144],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[88,56692,55444,56694,10885],{"href":56693},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56695,52576],{},[51,56697,4675],{"id":4674},[20,56699,56700,56701,144],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56702,55525],{},[1059,56704,8569,56706,56708],{"id":56705},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56707,76],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56710,39116],{},[56,56712,56714],{"className":58,"code":56713,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56715,56716,56736,56744,56758,56762],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56717,56718,56720,56722,56724,56726,56728,56730,56732,56734],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56719,2700],{"class":71},[65,56721,76],{"class":75},[65,56723,3773],{"class":79},[65,56725,3135],{"class":96},[65,56727,100],{"class":79},[65,56729,113],{"class":96},[65,56731,100],{"class":79},[65,56733,127],{"class":96},[65,56735,3786],{"class":79},[65,56737,56738,56740,56742],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,56739,2728],{"class":71},[65,56741,76],{"class":75},[65,56743,36090],{"class":71},[65,56745,56746,56748,56750,56752,56754,56756],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,56747,106],{"class":71},[65,56749,144],{"class":79},[65,56751,13682],{"class":147},[65,56753,168],{"class":79},[65,56755,2650],{"class":96},[65,56757,174],{"class":79},[65,56759,56760],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,56761,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,56763,56764,56766,56768,56770,56772],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,56765,165],{"class":164},[65,56767,168],{"class":79},[65,56769,88],{"class":147},[65,56771,3813],{"class":79},[65,56773,55625],{"class":3816},[20,56775,56776,56777,328],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56778,12908],{},[56,56780,56782],{"className":58,"code":56781,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56783,56784,56804,56819,56833,56837],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56785,56786,56788,56790,56792,56794,56796,56798,56800,56802],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56787,2700],{"class":71},[65,56789,76],{"class":75},[65,56791,3773],{"class":79},[65,56793,3135],{"class":96},[65,56795,100],{"class":79},[65,56797,113],{"class":96},[65,56799,100],{"class":79},[65,56801,127],{"class":96},[65,56803,3786],{"class":79},[65,56805,56806,56808,56810,56813,56815,56817],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,56807,2728],{"class":71},[65,56809,76],{"class":75},[65,56811,56812],{"class":71}," a",[65,56814,144],{"class":79},[65,56816,13041],{"class":147},[65,56818,151],{"class":79},[65,56820,56821,56823,56825,56827,56829,56831],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,56822,106],{"class":71},[65,56824,144],{"class":79},[65,56826,13682],{"class":147},[65,56828,168],{"class":79},[65,56830,2650],{"class":96},[65,56832,174],{"class":79},[65,56834,56835],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,56836,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,56838,56839,56841,56843,56845,56847],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,56840,165],{"class":164},[65,56842,168],{"class":79},[65,56844,88],{"class":147},[65,56846,3813],{"class":79},[65,56848,54856],{"class":3816},[1059,56850,56852],{"id":56851},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[56,56854,56856],{"className":58,"code":56855,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56857,56858,56878],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56859,56860,56862,56864,56866,56868,56870,56872,56874,56876],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56861,3768],{"class":71},[65,56863,76],{"class":75},[65,56865,3773],{"class":79},[65,56867,3135],{"class":96},[65,56869,100],{"class":79},[65,56871,113],{"class":96},[65,56873,100],{"class":79},[65,56875,127],{"class":96},[65,56877,3786],{"class":79},[65,56879,56880,56882,56884,56886],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,56881,3800],{"class":71},[65,56883,144],{"class":79},[65,56885,13041],{"class":147},[65,56887,151],{"class":79},[20,56889,56890],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56892,39179],{},[56,56894,56896],{"className":58,"code":56895,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56897,56898,56918],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56899,56900,56902,56904,56906,56908,56910,56912,56914,56916],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56901,3768],{"class":71},[65,56903,76],{"class":75},[65,56905,3773],{"class":79},[65,56907,3135],{"class":96},[65,56909,100],{"class":79},[65,56911,113],{"class":96},[65,56913,100],{"class":79},[65,56915,127],{"class":96},[65,56917,3786],{"class":79},[65,56919,56920,56922,56924,56926,56928,56930],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,56921,56080],{"class":71},[65,56923,76],{"class":75},[65,56925,4419],{"class":71},[65,56927,144],{"class":79},[65,56929,13041],{"class":147},[65,56931,151],{"class":79},[1059,56933,56935],{"id":56934},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[56,56937,56939],{"className":58,"code":56938,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56940,56941,56959,56973,56977,56995,56999],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,56942,56943,56945,56947,56949,56951,56953,56955,56957],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,56944,2700],{"class":71},[65,56946,76],{"class":75},[65,56948,56218],{"class":79},[65,56950,3135],{"class":96},[65,56952,18177],{"class":79},[65,56954,3773],{"class":79},[65,56956,2204],{"class":96},[65,56958,53166],{"class":79},[65,56960,56961,56963,56965,56967,56969,56971],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,56962,2728],{"class":71},[65,56964,76],{"class":75},[65,56966,56812],{"class":71},[65,56968,144],{"class":79},[65,56970,13041],{"class":147},[65,56972,151],{"class":79},[65,56974,56975],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,56976,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,56978,56979,56981,56983,56985,56987,56989,56991,56993],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,56980,106],{"class":71},[65,56982,4054],{"class":79},[65,56984,2267],{"class":96},[65,56986,13679],{"class":79},[65,56988,13682],{"class":147},[65,56990,168],{"class":79},[65,56992,56271],{"class":96},[65,56994,174],{"class":79},[65,56996,56997],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,56998,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,57000,57001,57003,57005,57007,57009],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,57002,165],{"class":164},[65,57004,168],{"class":79},[65,57006,88],{"class":147},[65,57008,3813],{"class":79},[65,57010,57011],{"class":3816},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57013,57014,57015,57017],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57016,55525],{}," is shallow.",[1059,57019,25724,57021,57023],{"id":57020},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57022,12908],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57025,57026,57028],{},[15,57027,12908],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[56,57030,57032],{"className":58,"code":57031,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57033,57034,57046],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57035,57036,57038,57040,57042,57044],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57037,8027],{"class":71},[65,57039,76],{"class":75},[65,57041,103],{"class":83},[65,57043,378],{"class":87},[65,57045,1650],{"class":83},[65,57047,57048],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,57049,57050],{"class":3816},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57052,57053],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[56,57055,57057],{"className":58,"code":57056,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57058,57059],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57060,57061,57063,57065,57067,57069,57071],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57062,165],{"class":164},[65,57064,168],{"class":79},[65,57066,3370],{"class":1368},[65,57068,168],{"class":79},[65,57070,369],{"class":147},[65,57072,1870],{"class":79},[20,57074,57075,57076,57080],{},"You can also review ",[88,57077,57079],{"href":57078},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[51,57082,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,57084,1966,57086,57088],{"id":57085},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57087,55525],{}," change the original list?",[20,57090,57091],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1059,57093,5330,57095,1048,57097,2637],{"id":57094},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57096,55525],{},[15,57098,76],{},[20,57100,57101,57103,57104,57106],{},[15,57102,12908],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57105,76],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1059,57108,15029,57110,15032],{"id":57109},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57111,55525],{},[20,57113,57114],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1059,57116,57118],{"id":57117},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57120,42071,57121,57124],{},[15,57122,57123],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1059,57126,15029,57128,57130,57131,2637],{"id":57127},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57129,55525],{}," the same as ",[15,57132,56558],{},[20,57134,57135],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[51,57137,2015],{"id":2014},[30,57139,57140,57145,57149,57154,57160],{},[33,57141,57142],{},[88,57143,15091],{"href":57144},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[33,57146,57147],{},[88,57148,52695],{"href":50902},[33,57150,57151],{},[88,57152,57153],{"href":57078},"Creating a list in Python",[33,57155,57156],{},[88,57157,55444,57158,10885],{"href":56693},[15,57159,52576],{},[33,57161,57162],{},[88,57163,13920],{"href":13919},[2071,57165,57166],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":57168},[57169,57170,57172,57173,57175,57176,57177,57179,57187,57198],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":55635,"depth":133,"text":57171},"What list.copy() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":55906,"depth":133,"text":57174},"Why not use =",{"id":56184,"depth":133,"text":56185},{"id":17532,"depth":133,"text":17533},{"id":56535,"depth":133,"text":57178},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675,"children":57180},[57181,57183,57184,57185],{"id":56705,"depth":154,"text":57182},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56851,"depth":154,"text":56852},{"id":56934,"depth":154,"text":56935},{"id":57020,"depth":154,"text":57186},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":57188},[57189,57191,57193,57195,57196],{"id":57085,"depth":154,"text":57190},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57094,"depth":154,"text":57192},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57109,"depth":154,"text":57194},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57117,"depth":154,"text":57118},{"id":57127,"depth":154,"text":57197},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55513,"description":57199},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57206,"title":57207,"body":57208,"description":58950,"extension":2111,"meta":58951,"navigation":157,"path":58952,"seo":58953,"stem":58954,"__hash__":58955},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57209,"toc":58909},[57210,57216,57222,57225,57236,57239,57241,57304,57310,57315,57319,57333,57336,57341,57346,57348,57350,57369,57381,57383,57450,57452,57460,57465,57467,57475,57478,57495,57497,57621,57632,57636,57641,57644,57646,57664,57668,57754,57763,57771,57840,57842,57845,57857,57862,57866,57937,57940,57944,57948,58013,58015,58023,58027,58110,58112,58120,58124,58185,58187,58195,58199,58286,58288,58296,58301,58306,58309,58320,58322,58407,58412,58421,58423,58427,58431,58436,58498,58502,58510,58516,58525,58530,58579,58582,58603,58607,58669,58676,58681,58684,58771,58774,58785,58788,58808,58810,58816,58819,58823,58827,58833,58836,58842,58849,58857,58868,58870,58906],[10,57211,54266,57213,18],{"id":57212},"python-list-count-method",[15,57214,57215],{},"count()",[20,57217,57218,57221],{},[15,57219,57220],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57223,57224],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[30,57226,57227,57230,57233],{},[33,57228,57229],{},"count one specific item",[33,57231,57232],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[33,57234,57235],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57237,57238],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[51,57240,3758],{"id":3757},[56,57242,57244],{"className":58,"code":57243,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57245,57246,57274,57292],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57247,57248,57250,57252,57254,57256,57258,57260,57262,57264,57266,57268,57270,57272],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57249,3768],{"class":71},[65,57251,76],{"class":75},[65,57253,3773],{"class":79},[65,57255,3135],{"class":96},[65,57257,100],{"class":79},[65,57259,113],{"class":96},[65,57261,100],{"class":79},[65,57263,113],{"class":96},[65,57265,100],{"class":79},[65,57267,127],{"class":96},[65,57269,100],{"class":79},[65,57271,113],{"class":96},[65,57273,3786],{"class":79},[65,57275,57276,57278,57280,57282,57284,57286,57288,57290],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,57277,401],{"class":71},[65,57279,76],{"class":75},[65,57281,4419],{"class":71},[65,57283,144],{"class":79},[65,57285,41178],{"class":147},[65,57287,168],{"class":79},[65,57289,2204],{"class":96},[65,57291,174],{"class":79},[65,57293,57294,57296,57298,57300,57302],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,57295,165],{"class":164},[65,57297,168],{"class":79},[65,57299,425],{"class":147},[65,57301,3813],{"class":79},[65,57303,50693],{"class":3816},[20,57305,1309,57306,57309],{},[15,57307,57308],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[51,57311,252,57313,255],{"id":57312},"what-listcount-does",[15,57314,57220],{},[20,57316,57317,93],{},[15,57318,57220],{},[30,57320,57321,57324,57327,57330],{},[33,57322,57323],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[33,57325,57326],{},"returns an integer",[33,57328,57329],{},"does not change the original list",[33,57331,57332],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57334,57335],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57337,57338,57339,144],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57340,2210],{},[20,57342,57343,57344,144],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57345,2267],{},[51,57347,283],{"id":282},[20,57349,2307],{},[56,57351,57353],{"className":58,"code":57352,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57354,57355],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57356,57357,57359,57361,57363,57365,57367],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57358,8490],{"class":71},[65,57360,144],{"class":79},[65,57362,41178],{"class":147},[65,57364,168],{"class":79},[65,57366,1714],{"class":147},[65,57368,174],{"class":79},[30,57370,57371,57376],{},[33,57372,57373,57375],{},[15,57374,8490],{}," is the list you want to search",[33,57377,57378,57380],{},[15,57379,1714],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57382,350],{},[56,57384,57386],{"className":58,"code":57385,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57387,57388,57428],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57389,57390,57392,57394,57396,57398,57400,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412,57414,57416,57418,57420,57422,57424,57426],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57391,36005],{"class":71},[65,57393,76],{"class":75},[65,57395,3773],{"class":79},[65,57397,84],{"class":83},[65,57399,88],{"class":87},[65,57401,84],{"class":83},[65,57403,100],{"class":79},[65,57405,103],{"class":83},[65,57407,106],{"class":87},[65,57409,84],{"class":83},[65,57411,100],{"class":79},[65,57413,103],{"class":83},[65,57415,88],{"class":87},[65,57417,84],{"class":83},[65,57419,100],{"class":79},[65,57421,103],{"class":83},[65,57423,120],{"class":87},[65,57425,84],{"class":83},[65,57427,3786],{"class":79},[65,57429,57430,57432,57434,57436,57438,57440,57442,57444,57446,57448],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,57431,165],{"class":164},[65,57433,168],{"class":79},[65,57435,36058],{"class":147},[65,57437,144],{"class":79},[65,57439,41178],{"class":147},[65,57441,168],{"class":79},[65,57443,84],{"class":83},[65,57445,88],{"class":87},[65,57447,84],{"class":83},[65,57449,1870],{"class":79},[20,57451,191],{},[56,57453,57454],{"className":58,"code":17177,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,57455,57456],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57457,57458],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57459,17177],{"class":96},[20,57461,57462,57463,144],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57464,2267],{},[51,57466,37937],{"id":37936},[20,57468,57469,57470,57472,57473,144],{},"The return value from ",[15,57471,57215],{}," is always an ",[15,57474,2335],{},[20,57476,57477],{},"Possible results:",[30,57479,57480,57485,57490],{},[33,57481,57482,57484],{},[15,57483,2267],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[33,57486,57487,57489],{},[15,57488,3135],{}," if it appears once",[33,57491,57492,57494],{},[15,57493,2204],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57496,350],{},[56,57498,57500],{"className":58,"code":57499,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57501,57502,57542,57546,57571,57596],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57503,57504,57506,57508,57510,57512,57514,57516,57518,57520,57522,57524,57526,57528,57530,57532,57534,57536,57538,57540],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57505,13206],{"class":71},[65,57507,76],{"class":75},[65,57509,3773],{"class":79},[65,57511,84],{"class":83},[65,57513,13223],{"class":87},[65,57515,84],{"class":83},[65,57517,100],{"class":79},[65,57519,103],{"class":83},[65,57521,13240],{"class":87},[65,57523,84],{"class":83},[65,57525,100],{"class":79},[65,57527,103],{"class":83},[65,57529,17570],{"class":87},[65,57531,84],{"class":83},[65,57533,100],{"class":79},[65,57535,103],{"class":83},[65,57537,13240],{"class":87},[65,57539,84],{"class":83},[65,57541,3786],{"class":79},[65,57543,57544],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,57545,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,57547,57548,57550,57552,57554,57556,57558,57560,57562,57564,57566,57568],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,57549,165],{"class":164},[65,57551,168],{"class":79},[65,57553,17617],{"class":147},[65,57555,144],{"class":79},[65,57557,41178],{"class":147},[65,57559,168],{"class":79},[65,57561,84],{"class":83},[65,57563,13240],{"class":87},[65,57565,84],{"class":83},[65,57567,5513],{"class":79},[65,57569,57570],{"class":3816},"   # 2\n",[65,57572,57573,57575,57577,57579,57581,57583,57585,57587,57589,57591,57593],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,57574,165],{"class":164},[65,57576,168],{"class":79},[65,57578,17617],{"class":147},[65,57580,144],{"class":79},[65,57582,41178],{"class":147},[65,57584,168],{"class":79},[65,57586,84],{"class":83},[65,57588,13223],{"class":87},[65,57590,84],{"class":83},[65,57592,5513],{"class":79},[65,57594,57595],{"class":3816},"    # 1\n",[65,57597,57598,57600,57602,57604,57606,57608,57610,57612,57614,57616,57618],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,57599,165],{"class":164},[65,57601,168],{"class":79},[65,57603,17617],{"class":147},[65,57605,144],{"class":79},[65,57607,41178],{"class":147},[65,57609,168],{"class":79},[65,57611,84],{"class":83},[65,57613,22631],{"class":87},[65,57615,84],{"class":83},[65,57617,5513],{"class":79},[65,57619,57620],{"class":3816}," # 0\n",[20,57622,57623,57624,57626,57627,57629,57630,144],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57625,57215],{}," works, but using ",[15,57628,4036],{}," is often simpler. See ",[88,57631,6351],{"href":6350},[51,57633,57635],{"id":57634},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57637,57638,57640],{},[15,57639,57220],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57642,57643],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57645,43570],{},[30,57647,57648,57651,57654,57661],{},[33,57649,57650],{},"matches are based on equality",[33,57652,57653],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[33,57655,57656,1048,57658,57660],{},[15,57657,3135],{},[15,57659,3753],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[33,57662,57663],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1059,57665,57667],{"id":57666},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[56,57669,57671],{"className":58,"code":57670,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57672,57673,57706,57730],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57674,57675,57677,57679,57681,57683,57685,57687,57689,57691,57694,57696,57698,57700,57702,57704],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57676,4225],{"class":71},[65,57678,76],{"class":75},[65,57680,3773],{"class":79},[65,57682,84],{"class":83},[65,57684,4234],{"class":87},[65,57686,84],{"class":83},[65,57688,100],{"class":79},[65,57690,103],{"class":83},[65,57692,57693],{"class":87},"Apple",[65,57695,84],{"class":83},[65,57697,100],{"class":79},[65,57699,103],{"class":83},[65,57701,4234],{"class":87},[65,57703,84],{"class":83},[65,57705,3786],{"class":79},[65,57707,57708,57710,57712,57714,57716,57718,57720,57722,57724,57726,57728],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,57709,165],{"class":164},[65,57711,168],{"class":79},[65,57713,4269],{"class":147},[65,57715,144],{"class":79},[65,57717,41178],{"class":147},[65,57719,168],{"class":79},[65,57721,84],{"class":83},[65,57723,4234],{"class":87},[65,57725,84],{"class":83},[65,57727,5513],{"class":79},[65,57729,51338],{"class":3816},[65,57731,57732,57734,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748,57750,57752],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,57733,165],{"class":164},[65,57735,168],{"class":79},[65,57737,4269],{"class":147},[65,57739,144],{"class":79},[65,57741,41178],{"class":147},[65,57743,168],{"class":79},[65,57745,84],{"class":83},[65,57747,57693],{"class":87},[65,57749,84],{"class":83},[65,57751,5513],{"class":79},[65,57753,27883],{"class":3816},[20,57755,57756,1048,57759,57762],{},[15,57757,57758],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57760,57761],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1059,57764,57766,1048,57768,57770],{"id":57765},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57767,3135],{},[15,57769,3753],{}," can match",[56,57772,57774],{"className":58,"code":57773,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57775,57776,57800,57820],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57777,57778,57780,57782,57784,57786,57788,57790,57792,57794,57796,57798],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57779,3975],{"class":71},[65,57781,76],{"class":75},[65,57783,3773],{"class":79},[65,57785,3135],{"class":96},[65,57787,100],{"class":79},[65,57789,4070],{"class":4005},[65,57791,100],{"class":79},[65,57793,113],{"class":96},[65,57795,100],{"class":79},[65,57797,97],{"class":96},[65,57799,3786],{"class":79},[65,57801,57802,57804,57806,57808,57810,57812,57814,57816,57818],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,57803,165],{"class":164},[65,57805,168],{"class":79},[65,57807,5510],{"class":147},[65,57809,144],{"class":79},[65,57811,41178],{"class":147},[65,57813,168],{"class":79},[65,57815,3135],{"class":96},[65,57817,5513],{"class":79},[65,57819,50841],{"class":3816},[65,57821,57822,57824,57826,57828,57830,57832,57834,57836,57838],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,57823,165],{"class":164},[65,57825,168],{"class":79},[65,57827,5510],{"class":147},[65,57829,144],{"class":79},[65,57831,41178],{"class":147},[65,57833,168],{"class":79},[65,57835,3753],{"class":4005},[65,57837,5513],{"class":79},[65,57839,50693],{"class":3816},[20,57841,4566],{},[20,57843,57844],{},"In Python:",[30,57846,57847,57852],{},[33,57848,57849],{},[15,57850,57851],{},"True == 1",[33,57853,57854],{},[15,57855,57856],{},"False == 0",[20,57858,53577,57859,57861],{},[15,57860,57215],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1059,57863,57865],{"id":57864},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[56,57867,57869],{"className":58,"code":57868,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57870,57871,57913],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57872,57873,57875,57877,57879,57881,57883,57885,57887,57889,57891,57893,57895,57897,57899,57901,57903,57905,57907,57909,57911],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57874,7929],{"class":71},[65,57876,76],{"class":75},[65,57878,56218],{"class":79},[65,57880,3135],{"class":96},[65,57882,100],{"class":79},[65,57884,113],{"class":96},[65,57886,18177],{"class":79},[65,57888,3773],{"class":79},[65,57890,2210],{"class":96},[65,57892,100],{"class":79},[65,57894,2602],{"class":96},[65,57896,18177],{"class":79},[65,57898,3773],{"class":79},[65,57900,3135],{"class":96},[65,57902,100],{"class":79},[65,57904,113],{"class":96},[65,57906,18177],{"class":79},[65,57908,3773],{"class":79},[65,57910,3135],{"class":96},[65,57912,53166],{"class":79},[65,57914,57915,57917,57919,57921,57923,57925,57927,57929,57931,57933,57935],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,57916,165],{"class":164},[65,57918,168],{"class":79},[65,57920,7960],{"class":147},[65,57922,144],{"class":79},[65,57924,41178],{"class":147},[65,57926,3132],{"class":79},[65,57928,3135],{"class":96},[65,57930,100],{"class":79},[65,57932,113],{"class":96},[65,57934,4891],{"class":79},[65,57936,51338],{"class":3816},[20,57938,57939],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[51,57941,57943],{"id":57942},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1059,57945,57947],{"id":57946},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[56,57949,57951],{"className":58,"code":57950,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57952,57953,57981,57999,58003],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,57954,57955,57957,57959,57961,57963,57965,57967,57969,57971,57973,57975,57977,57979],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,57956,3768],{"class":71},[65,57958,76],{"class":75},[65,57960,3773],{"class":79},[65,57962,2476],{"class":96},[65,57964,100],{"class":79},[65,57966,7940],{"class":96},[65,57968,100],{"class":79},[65,57970,6157],{"class":96},[65,57972,100],{"class":79},[65,57974,7945],{"class":96},[65,57976,100],{"class":79},[65,57978,6157],{"class":96},[65,57980,3786],{"class":79},[65,57982,57983,57985,57987,57989,57991,57993,57995,57997],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,57984,401],{"class":71},[65,57986,76],{"class":75},[65,57988,4419],{"class":71},[65,57990,144],{"class":79},[65,57992,41178],{"class":147},[65,57994,168],{"class":79},[65,57996,2476],{"class":96},[65,57998,174],{"class":79},[65,58000,58001],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,58002,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,58004,58005,58007,58009,58011],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,58006,165],{"class":164},[65,58008,168],{"class":79},[65,58010,425],{"class":147},[65,58012,174],{"class":79},[20,58014,191],{},[56,58016,58017],{"className":58,"code":46538,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,58018,58019],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58020,58021],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58022,46538],{"class":96},[1059,58024,58026],{"id":58025},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[56,58028,58030],{"className":58,"code":58029,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58031,58032,58074,58096,58100],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58033,58034,58036,58038,58040,58042,58044,58046,58048,58050,58053,58055,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065,58067,58070,58072],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58035,4225],{"class":71},[65,58037,76],{"class":75},[65,58039,3773],{"class":79},[65,58041,84],{"class":83},[65,58043,36963],{"class":87},[65,58045,84],{"class":83},[65,58047,100],{"class":79},[65,58049,103],{"class":83},[65,58051,58052],{"class":87},"dog",[65,58054,84],{"class":83},[65,58056,100],{"class":79},[65,58058,103],{"class":83},[65,58060,36963],{"class":87},[65,58062,84],{"class":83},[65,58064,100],{"class":79},[65,58066,103],{"class":83},[65,58068,58069],{"class":87},"bird",[65,58071,84],{"class":83},[65,58073,3786],{"class":79},[65,58075,58076,58078,58080,58082,58084,58086,58088,58090,58092,58094],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,58077,401],{"class":71},[65,58079,76],{"class":75},[65,58081,6321],{"class":71},[65,58083,144],{"class":79},[65,58085,41178],{"class":147},[65,58087,168],{"class":79},[65,58089,84],{"class":83},[65,58091,36963],{"class":87},[65,58093,84],{"class":83},[65,58095,174],{"class":79},[65,58097,58098],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,58099,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,58101,58102,58104,58106,58108],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,58103,165],{"class":164},[65,58105,168],{"class":79},[65,58107,425],{"class":147},[65,58109,174],{"class":79},[20,58111,191],{},[56,58113,58114],{"className":58,"code":17177,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,58115,58116],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58117,58118],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58119,17177],{"class":96},[1059,58121,58123],{"id":58122},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[56,58125,58127],{"className":58,"code":58126,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58128,58129,58153,58171,58175],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58130,58131,58133,58135,58137,58139,58141,58143,58145,58147,58149,58151],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58132,3768],{"class":71},[65,58134,76],{"class":75},[65,58136,3773],{"class":79},[65,58138,3135],{"class":96},[65,58140,100],{"class":79},[65,58142,113],{"class":96},[65,58144,100],{"class":79},[65,58146,127],{"class":96},[65,58148,100],{"class":79},[65,58150,2602],{"class":96},[65,58152,3786],{"class":79},[65,58154,58155,58157,58159,58161,58163,58165,58167,58169],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,58156,401],{"class":71},[65,58158,76],{"class":75},[65,58160,4419],{"class":71},[65,58162,144],{"class":79},[65,58164,41178],{"class":147},[65,58166,168],{"class":79},[65,58168,2284],{"class":96},[65,58170,174],{"class":79},[65,58172,58173],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,58174,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,58176,58177,58179,58181,58183],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,58178,165],{"class":164},[65,58180,168],{"class":79},[65,58182,425],{"class":147},[65,58184,174],{"class":79},[20,58186,191],{},[56,58188,58189],{"className":58,"code":47173,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,58190,58191],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58192,58193],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58194,47173],{"class":96},[1059,58196,58198],{"id":58197},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[56,58200,58202],{"className":58,"code":58201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58203,58204,58250,58272,58276],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58205,58206,58208,58210,58212,58214,58216,58218,58220,58222,58224,58226,58228,58230,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240,58242,58244,58246,58248],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58207,72],{"class":71},[65,58209,76],{"class":75},[65,58211,56218],{"class":79},[65,58213,3135],{"class":96},[65,58215,100],{"class":79},[65,58217,113],{"class":96},[65,58219,18177],{"class":79},[65,58221,3773],{"class":79},[65,58223,3135],{"class":96},[65,58225,100],{"class":79},[65,58227,113],{"class":96},[65,58229,18177],{"class":79},[65,58231,3773],{"class":79},[65,58233,2204],{"class":96},[65,58235,100],{"class":79},[65,58237,127],{"class":96},[65,58239,18177],{"class":79},[65,58241,3773],{"class":79},[65,58243,3135],{"class":96},[65,58245,100],{"class":79},[65,58247,113],{"class":96},[65,58249,53166],{"class":79},[65,58251,58252,58254,58256,58258,58260,58262,58264,58266,58268,58270],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,58253,401],{"class":71},[65,58255,76],{"class":75},[65,58257,141],{"class":71},[65,58259,144],{"class":79},[65,58261,41178],{"class":147},[65,58263,3132],{"class":79},[65,58265,3135],{"class":96},[65,58267,100],{"class":79},[65,58269,113],{"class":96},[65,58271,4042],{"class":79},[65,58273,58274],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,58275,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,58277,58278,58280,58282,58284],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,58279,165],{"class":164},[65,58281,168],{"class":79},[65,58283,425],{"class":147},[65,58285,174],{"class":79},[20,58287,191],{},[56,58289,58290],{"className":58,"code":46538,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,58291,58292],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58293,58294],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58295,46538],{"class":96},[51,58297,1553,58299],{"id":58298},"when-to-use-count",[15,58300,57215],{},[20,58302,1309,58303,58305],{},[15,58304,57215],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58307,58308],{},"Good use cases:",[30,58310,58311,58314,58317],{},[33,58312,58313],{},"counting one specific item",[33,58315,58316],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[33,58318,58319],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58321,350],{},[56,58323,58325],{"className":58,"code":58324,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58326,58327,58368,58392,58396],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58328,58329,58332,58334,58336,58338,58340,58342,58344,58346,58348,58350,58352,58354,58356,58358,58360,58362,58364,58366],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58330,58331],{"class":71},"votes ",[65,58333,76],{"class":75},[65,58335,3773],{"class":79},[65,58337,84],{"class":83},[65,58339,8808],{"class":87},[65,58341,84],{"class":83},[65,58343,100],{"class":79},[65,58345,103],{"class":83},[65,58347,8748],{"class":87},[65,58349,84],{"class":83},[65,58351,100],{"class":79},[65,58353,103],{"class":83},[65,58355,8808],{"class":87},[65,58357,84],{"class":83},[65,58359,100],{"class":79},[65,58361,103],{"class":83},[65,58363,8808],{"class":87},[65,58365,84],{"class":83},[65,58367,3786],{"class":79},[65,58369,58370,58373,58375,58378,58380,58382,58384,58386,58388,58390],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,58371,58372],{"class":71},"yes_votes ",[65,58374,76],{"class":75},[65,58376,58377],{"class":71}," votes",[65,58379,144],{"class":79},[65,58381,41178],{"class":147},[65,58383,168],{"class":79},[65,58385,84],{"class":83},[65,58387,8808],{"class":87},[65,58389,84],{"class":83},[65,58391,174],{"class":79},[65,58393,58394],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,58395,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,58397,58398,58400,58402,58405],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,58399,165],{"class":164},[65,58401,168],{"class":79},[65,58403,58404],{"class":147},"yes_votes",[65,58406,174],{"class":79},[20,58408,58409,58411],{},[15,58410,57215],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58413,58414,58415,1048,58417,144],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[88,58416,52695],{"href":50902},[88,58418,58420],{"href":58419},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[51,58422,1766],{"id":1765},[20,58424,8598,58425,144],{},[15,58426,57220],{},[1059,58428,58430],{"id":58429},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58432,58433,58435],{},[15,58434,57220],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[56,58437,58439],{"className":58,"code":58438,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58440,58441,58474],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58442,58443,58445,58447,58449,58451,58454,58456,58458,58460,58462,58464,58466,58468,58470,58472],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58444,4225],{"class":71},[65,58446,76],{"class":75},[65,58448,3773],{"class":79},[65,58450,84],{"class":83},[65,58452,58453],{"class":87},"apple pie",[65,58455,84],{"class":83},[65,58457,100],{"class":79},[65,58459,103],{"class":83},[65,58461,4243],{"class":87},[65,58463,84],{"class":83},[65,58465,100],{"class":79},[65,58467,103],{"class":83},[65,58469,58453],{"class":87},[65,58471,84],{"class":83},[65,58473,3786],{"class":79},[65,58475,58476,58478,58480,58482,58484,58486,58488,58490,58492,58494,58496],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,58477,165],{"class":164},[65,58479,168],{"class":79},[65,58481,4269],{"class":147},[65,58483,144],{"class":79},[65,58485,41178],{"class":147},[65,58487,168],{"class":79},[65,58489,84],{"class":83},[65,58491,4234],{"class":87},[65,58493,84],{"class":83},[65,58495,5513],{"class":79},[65,58497,51170],{"class":3816},[20,58499,2633,58500,2637],{},[15,58501,2267],{},[20,58503,707,58504,58506,58507,144],{},[15,58505,57758],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58508,58509],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58511,58512,58513,144],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58514,58515],{},"str.count()",[1059,58517,1792,58519,8606,58521,3024,58523],{"id":58518},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58520,57215],{},[15,58522,3753],{},[15,58524,3827],{},[20,58526,58527,58529],{},[15,58528,57215],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[56,58531,58533],{"className":58,"code":58532,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58534,58535,58559],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58536,58537,58539,58541,58543,58545,58547,58549,58551,58553,58555,58557],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58538,3768],{"class":71},[65,58540,76],{"class":75},[65,58542,3773],{"class":79},[65,58544,3135],{"class":96},[65,58546,100],{"class":79},[65,58548,113],{"class":96},[65,58550,100],{"class":79},[65,58552,113],{"class":96},[65,58554,100],{"class":79},[65,58556,127],{"class":96},[65,58558,3786],{"class":79},[65,58560,58561,58563,58565,58567,58569,58571,58573,58575,58577],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,58562,165],{"class":164},[65,58564,168],{"class":79},[65,58566,3800],{"class":147},[65,58568,144],{"class":79},[65,58570,41178],{"class":147},[65,58572,168],{"class":79},[65,58574,2204],{"class":96},[65,58576,5513],{"class":79},[65,58578,51338],{"class":3816},[20,58580,58581],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[56,58583,58585],{"className":58,"code":58584,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58586,58587],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58588,58589,58591,58593,58595,58597,58599,58601],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58590,165],{"class":164},[65,58592,168],{"class":79},[65,58594,2204],{"class":96},[65,58596,21289],{"class":1405},[65,58598,4419],{"class":147},[65,58600,3813],{"class":79},[65,58602,3817],{"class":3816},[1059,58604,58606],{"id":58605},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[56,58608,58610],{"className":58,"code":58609,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58611,58612,58645],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58613,58614,58616,58618,58620,58622,58624,58626,58628,58630,58632,58634,58636,58638,58641,58643],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58615,5150],{"class":71},[65,58617,76],{"class":75},[65,58619,3773],{"class":79},[65,58621,84],{"class":83},[65,58623,7826],{"class":87},[65,58625,84],{"class":83},[65,58627,100],{"class":79},[65,58629,103],{"class":83},[65,58631,20333],{"class":87},[65,58633,84],{"class":83},[65,58635,100],{"class":79},[65,58637,103],{"class":83},[65,58639,58640],{"class":87},"SAM",[65,58642,84],{"class":83},[65,58644,3786],{"class":79},[65,58646,58647,58649,58651,58653,58655,58657,58659,58661,58663,58665,58667],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,58648,165],{"class":164},[65,58650,168],{"class":79},[65,58652,5193],{"class":147},[65,58654,144],{"class":79},[65,58656,41178],{"class":147},[65,58658,168],{"class":79},[65,58660,84],{"class":83},[65,58662,20333],{"class":87},[65,58664,84],{"class":83},[65,58666,5513],{"class":79},[65,58668,27883],{"class":3816},[20,58670,58671,58672,58675],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58673,58674],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1059,58677,1326,58679,33460],{"id":58678},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58680,57215],{},[20,58682,58683],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[56,58685,58687],{"className":58,"code":58686,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58688,58689,58699,58713,58731,58745,58757],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58690,58691,58693,58695,58697],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58692,165],{"class":164},[65,58694,168],{"class":79},[65,58696,8490],{"class":147},[65,58698,174],{"class":79},[65,58700,58701,58703,58705,58707,58709,58711],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,58702,165],{"class":164},[65,58704,168],{"class":79},[65,58706,3370],{"class":1368},[65,58708,168],{"class":79},[65,58710,8490],{"class":147},[65,58712,1870],{"class":79},[65,58714,58715,58717,58719,58721,58723,58725,58727,58729],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,58716,165],{"class":164},[65,58718,168],{"class":79},[65,58720,8490],{"class":147},[65,58722,144],{"class":79},[65,58724,41178],{"class":147},[65,58726,168],{"class":79},[65,58728,1714],{"class":147},[65,58730,1870],{"class":79},[65,58732,58733,58735,58737,58739,58741,58743],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,58734,165],{"class":164},[65,58736,168],{"class":79},[65,58738,1189],{"class":147},[65,58740,4036],{"class":1405},[65,58742,8547],{"class":147},[65,58744,174],{"class":79},[65,58746,58747,58749,58751,58753,58755],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,58748,6110],{"class":1405},[65,58750,6113],{"class":71},[65,58752,4036],{"class":1405},[65,58754,8547],{"class":71},[65,58756,1411],{"class":79},[65,58758,58759,58761,58763,58765,58767,58769],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,58760,1431],{"class":164},[65,58762,168],{"class":79},[65,58764,41698],{"class":164},[65,58766,168],{"class":79},[65,58768,171],{"class":147},[65,58770,1870],{"class":79},[20,58772,58773],{},"These checks can help you see:",[30,58775,58776,58779,58782],{},[33,58777,58778],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[33,58780,58781],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[33,58783,58784],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58786,58787],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[30,58789,58790,58795,58798,58805],{},[33,58791,50414,58792,58794],{},[15,58793,57215],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[33,58796,58797],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[33,58799,11252,58800,58802,58803],{},[15,58801,57220],{}," with string ",[15,58804,57215],{},[33,58806,58807],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[51,58809,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,58811,1966,58813,58815],{"id":58812},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58814,57220],{}," change the list?",[20,58817,58818],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1059,58820,58822],{"id":58821},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58824,12046,58825,144],{},[15,58826,2267],{},[1059,58828,5320,58830,58832],{"id":58829},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58831,57220],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58834,58835],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1059,58837,15029,58839,58841],{"id":58838},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58840,57220],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58843,42071,58844,1048,58846,58848],{},[15,58845,57761],{},[15,58847,57758],{}," are different values.",[1059,58850,5308,58852,58854,58855,2637],{"id":58851},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58853,3753],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58856,3135],{},[20,58858,8936,58859,58861,58862,1048,58864,58861,58866,144],{},[15,58860,3753],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58863,3135],{},[15,58865,3827],{},[15,58867,2267],{},[51,58869,2015],{"id":2014},[30,58871,58872,58876,58882,58886,58894,58901],{},[33,58873,58874],{},[88,58875,52695],{"href":50902},[33,58877,58878],{},[88,58879,58881],{"href":58880},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[33,58883,58884],{},[88,58885,7086],{"href":6350},[33,58887,58888],{},[88,58889,55444,58891,10885],{"href":58890},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58892,58893],{},"index()",[33,58895,58896],{},[88,58897,3724,58899],{"href":58898},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58900,42280],{},[33,58902,58903],{},[88,58904,58905],{"href":58419},"What is a list in Python",[2071,58907,58908],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":58910},[58911,58912,58914,58915,58916,58922,58928,58930,58938,58949],{"id":3757,"depth":133,"text":3758},{"id":57312,"depth":133,"text":58913},"What list.count() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":37936,"depth":133,"text":37937},{"id":57634,"depth":133,"text":57635,"children":58917},[58918,58919,58921],{"id":57666,"depth":154,"text":57667},{"id":57765,"depth":154,"text":58920},"1 and True can match",{"id":57864,"depth":154,"text":57865},{"id":57942,"depth":133,"text":57943,"children":58923},[58924,58925,58926,58927],{"id":57946,"depth":154,"text":57947},{"id":58025,"depth":154,"text":58026},{"id":58122,"depth":154,"text":58123},{"id":58197,"depth":154,"text":58198},{"id":58298,"depth":133,"text":58929},"When to use count()",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":58931},[58932,58933,58935,58936],{"id":58429,"depth":154,"text":58430},{"id":58518,"depth":154,"text":58934},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58605,"depth":154,"text":58606},{"id":58678,"depth":154,"text":58937},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":58939},[58940,58942,58943,58945,58947],{"id":58812,"depth":154,"text":58941},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58821,"depth":154,"text":58822},{"id":58829,"depth":154,"text":58944},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58838,"depth":154,"text":58946},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58851,"depth":154,"text":58948},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57207,"description":58950},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58957,"title":58958,"body":58959,"description":60922,"extension":2111,"meta":60923,"navigation":157,"path":60924,"seo":60925,"stem":60926,"__hash__":60927},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58960,"toc":60885},[58961,58964,58967,58969,59097,59101,59182,59193,59195,59214,59218,59221,59224,59242,59244,59287,59291,59316,59325,59329,59334,59337,59454,59458,59527,59531,59543,59547,59550,59591,59595,59608,59611,59696,59700,59733,59740,59746,59751,59753,59765,59769,59802,59806,59838,59842,59879,59883,59903,59907,59941,59945,59974,59985,59989,59992,59995,60008,60065,60069,60108,60114,60117,60119,60122,60126,60129,60154,60156,60181,60188,60191,60236,60240,60259,60262,60301,60308,60313,60347,60351,60452,60459,60492,60496,60522,60526,60529,60567,60570,60607,60611,60614,60633,60637,60698,60700,60718,60722,60725,60728,60757,60759,60763,60766,60774,60778,60781,60801,60807,60813,60817,60820,60827,60835,60837,60876,60882],[10,58962,58958],{"id":58963},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58965,58966],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[51,58968,3758],{"id":3757},[56,58970,58972],{"className":58,"code":58971,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58973,58974,58994,59026,59034,59052,59056,59066,59076,59087],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,58975,58976,58978,58980,58982,58984,58986,58988,58990,58992],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,58977,3768],{"class":71},[65,58979,76],{"class":75},[65,58981,3773],{"class":79},[65,58983,3135],{"class":96},[65,58985,100],{"class":79},[65,58987,113],{"class":96},[65,58989,100],{"class":79},[65,58991,127],{"class":96},[65,58993,3786],{"class":79},[65,58995,58996,58998,59000,59002,59004,59006,59008,59010,59012,59014,59016,59018,59020,59022,59024],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,58997,5150],{"class":71},[65,58999,76],{"class":75},[65,59001,3773],{"class":79},[65,59003,84],{"class":83},[65,59005,542],{"class":87},[65,59007,84],{"class":83},[65,59009,100],{"class":79},[65,59011,103],{"class":83},[65,59013,35855],{"class":87},[65,59015,84],{"class":83},[65,59017,100],{"class":79},[65,59019,103],{"class":83},[65,59021,35864],{"class":87},[65,59023,84],{"class":83},[65,59025,3786],{"class":79},[65,59027,59028,59030,59032],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,59029,55855],{"class":71},[65,59031,76],{"class":75},[65,59033,7989],{"class":79},[65,59035,59036,59038,59040,59042,59044,59046,59048,59050],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,59037,36005],{"class":71},[65,59039,76],{"class":75},[65,59041,22667],{"class":1368},[65,59043,168],{"class":79},[65,59045,84],{"class":83},[65,59047,41479],{"class":87},[65,59049,84],{"class":83},[65,59051,174],{"class":79},[65,59053,59054],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,59055,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,59057,59058,59060,59062,59064],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,59059,165],{"class":164},[65,59061,168],{"class":79},[65,59063,3800],{"class":147},[65,59065,174],{"class":79},[65,59067,59068,59070,59072,59074],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,59069,165],{"class":164},[65,59071,168],{"class":79},[65,59073,5193],{"class":147},[65,59075,174],{"class":79},[65,59077,59078,59080,59082,59085],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,59079,165],{"class":164},[65,59081,168],{"class":79},[65,59083,59084],{"class":147},"empty_list",[65,59086,174],{"class":79},[65,59088,59089,59091,59093,59095],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,59090,165],{"class":164},[65,59092,168],{"class":79},[65,59094,36058],{"class":147},[65,59096,174],{"class":79},[20,59098,59099],{},[46,59100,191],{},[56,59102,59104],{"className":58,"code":59103,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59105,59106,59122,59150,59154],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59107,59108,59110,59112,59114,59116,59118,59120],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59109,4054],{"class":79},[65,59111,3135],{"class":96},[65,59113,100],{"class":79},[65,59115,113],{"class":96},[65,59117,100],{"class":79},[65,59119,127],{"class":96},[65,59121,3786],{"class":79},[65,59123,59124,59126,59128,59130,59132,59134,59136,59138,59140,59142,59144,59146,59148],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,59125,4054],{"class":79},[65,59127,203],{"class":83},[65,59129,542],{"class":87},[65,59131,203],{"class":83},[65,59133,100],{"class":79},[65,59135,233],{"class":83},[65,59137,35855],{"class":87},[65,59139,203],{"class":83},[65,59141,100],{"class":79},[65,59143,233],{"class":83},[65,59145,35864],{"class":87},[65,59147,203],{"class":83},[65,59149,3786],{"class":79},[65,59151,59152],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,59153,38214],{"class":79},[65,59155,59156,59158,59160,59162,59164,59166,59168,59170,59172,59174,59176,59178,59180],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,59157,4054],{"class":79},[65,59159,203],{"class":83},[65,59161,88],{"class":87},[65,59163,203],{"class":83},[65,59165,100],{"class":79},[65,59167,233],{"class":83},[65,59169,106],{"class":87},[65,59171,203],{"class":83},[65,59173,100],{"class":79},[65,59175,233],{"class":83},[65,59177,120],{"class":87},[65,59179,203],{"class":83},[65,59181,3786],{"class":79},[20,59183,59184,59185,59187,59188,59190,59191,144],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59186,3939],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59189,24888],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59192,36113],{},[51,59194,15289],{"id":15288},[30,59196,59197,59200,59203,59206,59211],{},[33,59198,59199],{},"What a list is in Python",[33,59201,59202],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[33,59204,59205],{},"How to create an empty list",[33,59207,59208,59209,2448],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59210,24888],{},[33,59212,59213],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[51,59215,59217],{"id":59216},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59219,59220],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59222,59223],{},"This means:",[30,59225,59226,59229,59232,59235],{},[33,59227,59228],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[33,59230,59231],{},"The order of items is kept",[33,59233,59234],{},"A list can hold different data types",[33,59236,59237,59238,59241],{},"A list is ",[46,59239,59240],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59243,350],{},[56,59245,59247],{"className":58,"code":59246,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59248,59249,59273,59277],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59250,59251,59253,59255,59257,59259,59261,59263,59265,59267,59269,59271],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59252,7929],{"class":71},[65,59254,76],{"class":75},[65,59256,3773],{"class":79},[65,59258,84],{"class":83},[65,59260,4234],{"class":87},[65,59262,84],{"class":83},[65,59264,100],{"class":79},[65,59266,6157],{"class":96},[65,59268,100],{"class":79},[65,59270,4070],{"class":4005},[65,59272,3786],{"class":79},[65,59274,59275],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,59276,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,59278,59279,59281,59283,59285],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,59280,165],{"class":164},[65,59282,168],{"class":79},[65,59284,7960],{"class":147},[65,59286,174],{"class":79},[20,59288,59289],{},[46,59290,191],{},[56,59292,59294],{"className":58,"code":59293,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59295,59296],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59297,59298,59300,59302,59304,59306,59308,59310,59312,59314],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59299,4054],{"class":79},[65,59301,203],{"class":83},[65,59303,4234],{"class":87},[65,59305,203],{"class":83},[65,59307,100],{"class":79},[65,59309,6157],{"class":96},[65,59311,100],{"class":79},[65,59313,4070],{"class":4005},[65,59315,3786],{"class":79},[20,59317,59318,59319,3024,59322,144],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[88,59320,59321],{"href":50902},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[88,59323,59324],{"href":58419},"What is a List in Python?",[51,59326,59328],{"id":59327},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59330,59184,59331,59333],{},[15,59332,3939],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59335,59336],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[56,59338,59340],{"className":58,"code":59339,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59341,59342,59362,59394,59419,59423,59433,59443],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59343,59344,59346,59348,59350,59352,59354,59356,59358,59360],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59345,3768],{"class":71},[65,59347,76],{"class":75},[65,59349,3773],{"class":79},[65,59351,3135],{"class":96},[65,59353,100],{"class":79},[65,59355,113],{"class":96},[65,59357,100],{"class":79},[65,59359,127],{"class":96},[65,59361,3786],{"class":79},[65,59363,59364,59366,59368,59370,59372,59374,59376,59378,59380,59382,59384,59386,59388,59390,59392],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,59365,5150],{"class":71},[65,59367,76],{"class":75},[65,59369,3773],{"class":79},[65,59371,84],{"class":83},[65,59373,542],{"class":87},[65,59375,84],{"class":83},[65,59377,100],{"class":79},[65,59379,103],{"class":83},[65,59381,35855],{"class":87},[65,59383,84],{"class":83},[65,59385,100],{"class":79},[65,59387,103],{"class":83},[65,59389,35864],{"class":87},[65,59391,84],{"class":83},[65,59393,3786],{"class":79},[65,59395,59396,59399,59401,59403,59405,59407,59409,59411,59413,59415,59417],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,59397,59398],{"class":71},"mixed ",[65,59400,76],{"class":75},[65,59402,3773],{"class":79},[65,59404,2476],{"class":96},[65,59406,100],{"class":79},[65,59408,103],{"class":83},[65,59410,3998],{"class":87},[65,59412,84],{"class":83},[65,59414,100],{"class":79},[65,59416,4061],{"class":4005},[65,59418,3786],{"class":79},[65,59420,59421],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,59422,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,59424,59425,59427,59429,59431],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,59426,165],{"class":164},[65,59428,168],{"class":79},[65,59430,3800],{"class":147},[65,59432,174],{"class":79},[65,59434,59435,59437,59439,59441],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,59436,165],{"class":164},[65,59438,168],{"class":79},[65,59440,5193],{"class":147},[65,59442,174],{"class":79},[65,59444,59445,59447,59449,59452],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,59446,165],{"class":164},[65,59448,168],{"class":79},[65,59450,59451],{"class":147},"mixed",[65,59453,174],{"class":79},[20,59455,59456],{},[46,59457,191],{},[56,59459,59461],{"className":58,"code":59460,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59462,59463,59479,59507],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59464,59465,59467,59469,59471,59473,59475,59477],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59466,4054],{"class":79},[65,59468,3135],{"class":96},[65,59470,100],{"class":79},[65,59472,113],{"class":96},[65,59474,100],{"class":79},[65,59476,127],{"class":96},[65,59478,3786],{"class":79},[65,59480,59481,59483,59485,59487,59489,59491,59493,59495,59497,59499,59501,59503,59505],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,59482,4054],{"class":79},[65,59484,203],{"class":83},[65,59486,542],{"class":87},[65,59488,203],{"class":83},[65,59490,100],{"class":79},[65,59492,233],{"class":83},[65,59494,35855],{"class":87},[65,59496,203],{"class":83},[65,59498,100],{"class":79},[65,59500,233],{"class":83},[65,59502,35864],{"class":87},[65,59504,203],{"class":83},[65,59506,3786],{"class":79},[65,59508,59509,59511,59513,59515,59517,59519,59521,59523,59525],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,59510,4054],{"class":79},[65,59512,2476],{"class":96},[65,59514,100],{"class":79},[65,59516,233],{"class":83},[65,59518,3998],{"class":87},[65,59520,203],{"class":83},[65,59522,100],{"class":79},[65,59524,4061],{"class":4005},[65,59526,3786],{"class":79},[1059,59528,59530],{"id":59529},"key-points","Key points",[30,59532,59533,59538,59540],{},[33,59534,1309,59535,59537],{},[15,59536,3939],{}," to make a new list",[33,59539,15559],{},[33,59541,59542],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[51,59544,59546],{"id":59545},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59548,59549],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[56,59551,59553],{"className":58,"code":59552,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59554,59555,59563,59567,59577],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59556,59557,59559,59561],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59558,8459],{"class":71},[65,59560,76],{"class":75},[65,59562,7989],{"class":79},[65,59564,59565],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,59566,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,59568,59569,59571,59573,59575],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,59570,165],{"class":164},[65,59572,168],{"class":79},[65,59574,8490],{"class":147},[65,59576,174],{"class":79},[65,59578,59579,59581,59583,59585,59587,59589],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,59580,165],{"class":164},[65,59582,168],{"class":79},[65,59584,1863],{"class":164},[65,59586,168],{"class":79},[65,59588,8490],{"class":147},[65,59590,1870],{"class":79},[20,59592,59593],{},[46,59594,191],{},[56,59596,59598],{"className":58,"code":59597,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[]\n0\n",[15,59599,59600,59604],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59601,59602],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59603,38214],{"class":79},[65,59605,59606],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,59607,47173],{"class":96},[20,59609,59610],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[56,59612,59614],{"className":58,"code":59613,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59615,59616,59624,59628,59646,59664,59682,59686],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59617,59618,59620,59622],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59619,5150],{"class":71},[65,59621,76],{"class":75},[65,59623,7989],{"class":79},[65,59625,59626],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,59627,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,59629,59630,59632,59634,59636,59638,59640,59642,59644],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,59631,5193],{"class":71},[65,59633,144],{"class":79},[65,59635,13682],{"class":147},[65,59637,168],{"class":79},[65,59639,84],{"class":83},[65,59641,542],{"class":87},[65,59643,84],{"class":83},[65,59645,174],{"class":79},[65,59647,59648,59650,59652,59654,59656,59658,59660,59662],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,59649,5193],{"class":71},[65,59651,144],{"class":79},[65,59653,13682],{"class":147},[65,59655,168],{"class":79},[65,59657,84],{"class":83},[65,59659,35855],{"class":87},[65,59661,84],{"class":83},[65,59663,174],{"class":79},[65,59665,59666,59668,59670,59672,59674,59676,59678,59680],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,59667,5193],{"class":71},[65,59669,144],{"class":79},[65,59671,13682],{"class":147},[65,59673,168],{"class":79},[65,59675,84],{"class":83},[65,59677,35864],{"class":87},[65,59679,84],{"class":83},[65,59681,174],{"class":79},[65,59683,59684],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,59685,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,59687,59688,59690,59692,59694],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,59689,165],{"class":164},[65,59691,168],{"class":79},[65,59693,5193],{"class":147},[65,59695,174],{"class":79},[20,59697,59698],{},[46,59699,191],{},[56,59701,59703],{"className":58,"code":59702,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59704,59705],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59706,59707,59709,59711,59713,59715,59717,59719,59721,59723,59725,59727,59729,59731],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59708,4054],{"class":79},[65,59710,203],{"class":83},[65,59712,542],{"class":87},[65,59714,203],{"class":83},[65,59716,100],{"class":79},[65,59718,233],{"class":83},[65,59720,35855],{"class":87},[65,59722,203],{"class":83},[65,59724,100],{"class":79},[65,59726,233],{"class":83},[65,59728,35864],{"class":87},[65,59730,203],{"class":83},[65,59732,3786],{"class":79},[20,59734,59735,59736,144],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[88,59737,59738,10885],{"href":56693},[15,59739,52576],{},[51,59741,59743,59744],{"id":59742},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59745,24888],{},[20,59747,1309,59748,59750],{},[15,59749,24888],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59752,5609],{},[30,59754,59755,59757,59759,59761],{},[33,59756,5460],{},[33,59758,5454],{},[33,59760,5457],{},[33,59762,59763],{},[15,59764,36113],{},[1059,59766,59768],{"id":59767},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[56,59770,59772],{"className":58,"code":59771,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59773,59774,59792],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59775,59776,59778,59780,59782,59784,59786,59788,59790],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59777,36005],{"class":71},[65,59779,76],{"class":75},[65,59781,22667],{"class":1368},[65,59783,168],{"class":79},[65,59785,84],{"class":83},[65,59787,41479],{"class":87},[65,59789,84],{"class":83},[65,59791,174],{"class":79},[65,59793,59794,59796,59798,59800],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,59795,165],{"class":164},[65,59797,168],{"class":79},[65,59799,36058],{"class":147},[65,59801,174],{"class":79},[20,59803,59804],{},[46,59805,191],{},[56,59807,59808],{"className":58,"code":42795,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,59809,59810],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59811,59812,59814,59816,59818,59820,59822,59824,59826,59828,59830,59832,59834,59836],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59813,4054],{"class":79},[65,59815,203],{"class":83},[65,59817,88],{"class":87},[65,59819,203],{"class":83},[65,59821,100],{"class":79},[65,59823,233],{"class":83},[65,59825,106],{"class":87},[65,59827,203],{"class":83},[65,59829,100],{"class":79},[65,59831,233],{"class":83},[65,59833,120],{"class":87},[65,59835,203],{"class":83},[65,59837,3786],{"class":79},[1059,59839,59841],{"id":59840},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[56,59843,59845],{"className":58,"code":59844,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59846,59847,59869],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59848,59849,59851,59853,59855,59857,59859,59861,59863,59865,59867],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59850,3768],{"class":71},[65,59852,76],{"class":75},[65,59854,22667],{"class":1368},[65,59856,5662],{"class":79},[65,59858,3135],{"class":96},[65,59860,100],{"class":79},[65,59862,113],{"class":96},[65,59864,100],{"class":79},[65,59866,127],{"class":96},[65,59868,1870],{"class":79},[65,59870,59871,59873,59875,59877],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,59872,165],{"class":164},[65,59874,168],{"class":79},[65,59876,3800],{"class":147},[65,59878,174],{"class":79},[20,59880,59881],{},[46,59882,191],{},[56,59884,59885],{"className":58,"code":55074,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,59886,59887],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59888,59889,59891,59893,59895,59897,59899,59901],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59890,4054],{"class":79},[65,59892,3135],{"class":96},[65,59894,100],{"class":79},[65,59896,113],{"class":96},[65,59898,100],{"class":79},[65,59900,127],{"class":96},[65,59902,3786],{"class":79},[1059,59904,59906],{"id":59905},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[56,59908,59910],{"className":58,"code":59909,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59911,59912,59931],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59913,59914,59916,59918,59920,59922,59925,59927,59929],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59915,3975],{"class":71},[65,59917,76],{"class":75},[65,59919,22667],{"class":1368},[65,59921,168],{"class":79},[65,59923,59924],{"class":164},"range",[65,59926,168],{"class":79},[65,59928,2284],{"class":96},[65,59930,1870],{"class":79},[65,59932,59933,59935,59937,59939],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,59934,165],{"class":164},[65,59936,168],{"class":79},[65,59938,5510],{"class":147},[65,59940,174],{"class":79},[20,59942,59943],{},[46,59944,191],{},[56,59946,59948],{"className":58,"code":59947,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59949,59950],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,59951,59952,59954,59956,59958,59960,59962,59964,59966,59968,59970,59972],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,59953,4054],{"class":79},[65,59955,2267],{"class":96},[65,59957,100],{"class":79},[65,59959,97],{"class":96},[65,59961,100],{"class":79},[65,59963,113],{"class":96},[65,59965,100],{"class":79},[65,59967,127],{"class":96},[65,59969,100],{"class":79},[65,59971,2602],{"class":96},[65,59973,3786],{"class":79},[20,59975,59976,59978,59979,144],{},[15,59977,24888],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[88,59980,59982,59984],{"href":59981},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59983,24888],{},": Function Explained",[51,59986,59988],{"id":59987},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59990,59991],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59993,59994],{},"Examples include:",[30,59996,59997,59999,60001,60003,60005],{},[33,59998,5460],{},[33,60000,40342],{},[33,60002,51969],{},[33,60004,40512],{},[33,60006,60007],{},"other lists",[56,60009,60011],{"className":58,"code":60010,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60012,60013,60051,60055],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60014,60015,60017,60019,60021,60023,60025,60027,60029,60031,60033,60035,60037,60039,60041,60043,60045,60047,60049],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60016,72],{"class":71},[65,60018,76],{"class":75},[65,60020,3773],{"class":79},[65,60022,84],{"class":83},[65,60024,542],{"class":87},[65,60026,84],{"class":83},[65,60028,100],{"class":79},[65,60030,394],{"class":96},[65,60032,100],{"class":79},[65,60034,4070],{"class":4005},[65,60036,100],{"class":79},[65,60038,3773],{"class":79},[65,60040,3135],{"class":96},[65,60042,100],{"class":79},[65,60044,113],{"class":96},[65,60046,100],{"class":79},[65,60048,127],{"class":96},[65,60050,53166],{"class":79},[65,60052,60053],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,60054,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,60056,60057,60059,60061,60063],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,60058,165],{"class":164},[65,60060,168],{"class":79},[65,60062,184],{"class":147},[65,60064,174],{"class":79},[20,60066,60067],{},[46,60068,191],{},[56,60070,60072],{"className":58,"code":60071,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60073,60074],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60075,60076,60078,60080,60082,60084,60086,60088,60090,60092,60094,60096,60098,60100,60102,60104,60106],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60077,4054],{"class":79},[65,60079,203],{"class":83},[65,60081,542],{"class":87},[65,60083,203],{"class":83},[65,60085,100],{"class":79},[65,60087,394],{"class":96},[65,60089,100],{"class":79},[65,60091,4070],{"class":4005},[65,60093,100],{"class":79},[65,60095,3773],{"class":79},[65,60097,3135],{"class":96},[65,60099,100],{"class":79},[65,60101,113],{"class":96},[65,60103,100],{"class":79},[65,60105,127],{"class":96},[65,60107,53166],{"class":79},[20,60109,60110,60111,144],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[46,60112,60113],{},"nested list",[20,60115,60116],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[51,60118,4675],{"id":4674},[20,60120,60121],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1059,60123,60125],{"id":60124},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60127,60128],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[56,60130,60132],{"className":58,"code":60131,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60133,60134,60138],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60135,60136],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60137,4692],{"class":3816},[65,60139,60140,60142,60144,60146,60148,60150,60152],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,60141,3768],{"class":71},[65,60143,76],{"class":75},[65,60145,3773],{"class":79},[65,60147,3135],{"class":96},[65,60149,113],{"class":96},[65,60151,127],{"class":96},[65,60153,3786],{"class":79},[20,60155,10952],{},[56,60157,60159],{"className":58,"code":60158,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60160,60161],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60162,60163,60165,60167,60169,60171,60173,60175,60177,60179],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60164,3768],{"class":71},[65,60166,76],{"class":75},[65,60168,3773],{"class":79},[65,60170,3135],{"class":96},[65,60172,100],{"class":79},[65,60174,113],{"class":96},[65,60176,100],{"class":79},[65,60178,127],{"class":96},[65,60180,3786],{"class":79},[1059,60182,8569,60184,11237,60186],{"id":60183},"using-instead-of",[15,60185,7515],{},[15,60187,3939],{},[20,60189,60190],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[56,60192,60194],{"className":58,"code":60193,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60195,60196,60217,60221],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60197,60198,60201,60203,60205,60207,60209,60211,60213,60215],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60199,60200],{"class":71},"my_values ",[65,60202,76],{"class":75},[65,60204,648],{"class":79},[65,60206,3135],{"class":96},[65,60208,100],{"class":79},[65,60210,113],{"class":96},[65,60212,100],{"class":79},[65,60214,127],{"class":96},[65,60216,174],{"class":79},[65,60218,60219],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,60220,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,60222,60223,60225,60227,60229,60231,60234],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,60224,165],{"class":164},[65,60226,168],{"class":79},[65,60228,3370],{"class":1368},[65,60230,168],{"class":79},[65,60232,60233],{"class":147},"my_values",[65,60235,1870],{"class":79},[20,60237,60238],{},[46,60239,191],{},[56,60241,60243],{"className":58,"code":60242,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60244,60245],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60246,60247,60249,60251,60253,60255,60257],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60248,3439],{"class":75},[65,60250,3442],{"class":1696},[65,60252,233],{"class":83},[65,60254,48875],{"class":87},[65,60256,203],{"class":83},[65,60258,3451],{"class":75},[20,60260,60261],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[56,60263,60265],{"className":58,"code":60264,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60266,60267,60287],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60268,60269,60271,60273,60275,60277,60279,60281,60283,60285],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60270,60200],{"class":71},[65,60272,76],{"class":75},[65,60274,3773],{"class":79},[65,60276,3135],{"class":96},[65,60278,100],{"class":79},[65,60280,113],{"class":96},[65,60282,100],{"class":79},[65,60284,127],{"class":96},[65,60286,3786],{"class":79},[65,60288,60289,60291,60293,60295,60297,60299],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,60290,165],{"class":164},[65,60292,168],{"class":79},[65,60294,3370],{"class":1368},[65,60296,168],{"class":79},[65,60298,60233],{"class":147},[65,60300,1870],{"class":79},[1059,60302,1792,60304,60307],{"id":60303},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60305,60306],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60309,60310,60312],{},[15,60311,24888],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[56,60314,60316],{"className":58,"code":60315,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60317,60318,60337],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60319,60320,60322,60324,60326,60328,60330,60333,60335],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60321,401],{"class":71},[65,60323,76],{"class":75},[65,60325,22667],{"class":1368},[65,60327,168],{"class":79},[65,60329,84],{"class":83},[65,60331,60332],{"class":87},"hello world",[65,60334,84],{"class":83},[65,60336,174],{"class":79},[65,60338,60339,60341,60343,60345],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,60340,165],{"class":164},[65,60342,168],{"class":79},[65,60344,425],{"class":147},[65,60346,174],{"class":79},[20,60348,60349],{},[46,60350,191],{},[56,60352,60354],{"className":58,"code":60353,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60355,60356],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60357,60358,60360,60362,60365,60367,60369,60371,60374,60376,60378,60380,60383,60385,60387,60389,60391,60393,60395,60397,60400,60402,60404,60406,60408,60410,60412,60415,60417,60419,60421,60423,60425,60427,60429,60432,60434,60436,60438,60440,60442,60444,60446,60448,60450],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60359,4054],{"class":79},[65,60361,203],{"class":83},[65,60363,60364],{"class":87},"h",[65,60366,203],{"class":83},[65,60368,100],{"class":79},[65,60370,233],{"class":83},[65,60372,60373],{"class":87},"e",[65,60375,203],{"class":83},[65,60377,100],{"class":79},[65,60379,233],{"class":83},[65,60381,60382],{"class":87},"l",[65,60384,203],{"class":83},[65,60386,100],{"class":79},[65,60388,233],{"class":83},[65,60390,60382],{"class":87},[65,60392,203],{"class":83},[65,60394,100],{"class":79},[65,60396,233],{"class":83},[65,60398,60399],{"class":87},"o",[65,60401,203],{"class":83},[65,60403,100],{"class":79},[65,60405,233],{"class":83},[65,60407,233],{"class":83},[65,60409,100],{"class":79},[65,60411,233],{"class":83},[65,60413,60414],{"class":87},"w",[65,60416,203],{"class":83},[65,60418,100],{"class":79},[65,60420,233],{"class":83},[65,60422,60399],{"class":87},[65,60424,203],{"class":83},[65,60426,100],{"class":79},[65,60428,233],{"class":83},[65,60430,60431],{"class":87},"r",[65,60433,203],{"class":83},[65,60435,100],{"class":79},[65,60437,233],{"class":83},[65,60439,60382],{"class":87},[65,60441,203],{"class":83},[65,60443,100],{"class":79},[65,60445,233],{"class":83},[65,60447,18883],{"class":87},[65,60449,203],{"class":83},[65,60451,3786],{"class":79},[20,60453,60454,60455,60458],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60456,60457],{},"split()"," instead:",[56,60460,60462],{"className":58,"code":60461,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60463,60464,60482],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60465,60466,60468,60470,60472,60474,60476,60478,60480],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60467,4225],{"class":71},[65,60469,76],{"class":75},[65,60471,103],{"class":83},[65,60473,60332],{"class":87},[65,60475,84],{"class":83},[65,60477,144],{"class":79},[65,60479,34381],{"class":147},[65,60481,151],{"class":79},[65,60483,60484,60486,60488,60490],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,60485,165],{"class":164},[65,60487,168],{"class":79},[65,60489,4269],{"class":147},[65,60491,174],{"class":79},[20,60493,60494],{},[46,60495,191],{},[56,60497,60499],{"className":58,"code":60498,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60500,60501],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60502,60503,60505,60507,60509,60511,60513,60515,60518,60520],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60504,4054],{"class":79},[65,60506,203],{"class":83},[65,60508,3998],{"class":87},[65,60510,203],{"class":83},[65,60512,100],{"class":79},[65,60514,233],{"class":83},[65,60516,60517],{"class":87},"world",[65,60519,203],{"class":83},[65,60521,3786],{"class":79},[1059,60523,60525],{"id":60524},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60527,60528],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[56,60530,60532],{"className":58,"code":60531,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60533,60534,60538],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60535,60536],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60537,4692],{"class":3816},[65,60539,60540,60542,60544,60546,60548,60550,60552,60554,60556,60559,60561,60563,60565],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,60541,5150],{"class":71},[65,60543,76],{"class":75},[65,60545,3773],{"class":79},[65,60547,84],{"class":83},[65,60549,542],{"class":87},[65,60551,84],{"class":83},[65,60553,100],{"class":79},[65,60555,103],{"class":83},[65,60557,60558],{"class":87},"Ben', ",[65,60560,84],{"class":83},[65,60562,35864],{"class":71},[65,60564,84],{"class":83},[65,60566,3786],{"class":87},[20,60568,60569],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[56,60571,60573],{"className":58,"code":60572,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60574,60575],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60576,60577,60579,60581,60583,60585,60587,60589,60591,60593,60595,60597,60599,60601,60603,60605],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60578,5150],{"class":71},[65,60580,76],{"class":75},[65,60582,3773],{"class":79},[65,60584,84],{"class":83},[65,60586,542],{"class":87},[65,60588,84],{"class":83},[65,60590,100],{"class":79},[65,60592,103],{"class":83},[65,60594,35855],{"class":87},[65,60596,84],{"class":83},[65,60598,100],{"class":79},[65,60600,103],{"class":83},[65,60602,35864],{"class":87},[65,60604,84],{"class":83},[65,60606,3786],{"class":79},[1059,60608,60610],{"id":60609},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60612,60613],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[30,60615,60616,60619,60622,60627],{},[33,60617,60618],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[33,60620,60621],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[33,60623,60624,60625],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60626,24888],{},[33,60628,1792,60629,60632],{},[15,60630,60631],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1059,60634,60636],{"id":60635},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[56,60638,60640],{"className":58,"code":60639,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60641,60642,60652,60666,60680],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60643,60644,60646,60648,60650],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60645,165],{"class":164},[65,60647,168],{"class":79},[65,60649,8490],{"class":147},[65,60651,174],{"class":79},[65,60653,60654,60656,60658,60660,60662,60664],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,60655,165],{"class":164},[65,60657,168],{"class":79},[65,60659,3370],{"class":1368},[65,60661,168],{"class":79},[65,60663,8490],{"class":147},[65,60665,1870],{"class":79},[65,60667,60668,60670,60672,60674,60676,60678],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,60669,165],{"class":164},[65,60671,168],{"class":79},[65,60673,1863],{"class":164},[65,60675,168],{"class":79},[65,60677,8490],{"class":147},[65,60679,1870],{"class":79},[65,60681,60682,60684,60686,60688,60690,60692,60694,60696],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,60683,165],{"class":164},[65,60685,168],{"class":79},[65,60687,8244],{"class":1368},[65,60689,168],{"class":79},[65,60691,59924],{"class":164},[65,60693,168],{"class":79},[65,60695,2284],{"class":96},[65,60697,3058],{"class":79},[20,60699,26115],{},[30,60701,60702,60705,60708,60711],{},[33,60703,60704],{},"what the list contains",[33,60706,60707],{},"whether the value is really a list",[33,60709,60710],{},"how many items it has",[33,60712,26126,60713,60715,60716],{},[15,60714,24888],{}," does with ",[15,60717,36113],{},[51,60719,60721],{"id":60720},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60723,60724],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60726,60727],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[30,60729,60730,60745,60750],{},[33,60731,1309,60732,1028,60736,1035,60740,60744],{},[88,60733,60734],{"href":56693},[15,60735,52576],{},[88,60737,60738],{"href":53268},[15,60739,53370],{},[88,60741,60742],{"href":53832},[15,60743,54192],{}," to add items later",[33,60746,1309,60747,60749],{},[88,60748,59321],{"href":50902}," for a broader introduction",[33,60751,1309,60752,60756],{},[88,60753,60754,59984],{"href":59981},[15,60755,24888],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[51,60758,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,60760,60762],{"id":60761},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60764,60765],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[56,60767,60768],{"className":58,"code":38214,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,60769,60770],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60771,60772],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60773,38214],{"class":79},[1059,60775,60777],{"id":60776},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60779,60780],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[56,60782,60783],{"className":58,"code":55074,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,60784,60785],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60786,60787,60789,60791,60793,60795,60797,60799],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60788,4054],{"class":79},[65,60790,3135],{"class":96},[65,60792,100],{"class":79},[65,60794,113],{"class":96},[65,60796,100],{"class":79},[65,60798,127],{"class":96},[65,60800,3786],{"class":79},[1059,60802,1953,60804,60806],{"id":60803},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60805,24888],{}," do in Python?",[20,60808,60809,60810,60812],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60811,36113],{},", into a list.",[1059,60814,60816],{"id":60815},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60818,60819],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1059,60821,5330,60823,1048,60825,2637],{"id":60822},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60824,3939],{},[15,60826,7515],{},[20,60828,60829,60831,60832,60834],{},[15,60830,3939],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60833,7515],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[51,60836,2015],{"id":2014},[30,60838,60839,60843,60849,60855,60861,60867,60871],{},[33,60840,60841],{},[88,60842,59321],{"href":50902},[33,60844,60845],{},[88,60846,55444,60847,18],{"href":56693},[15,60848,52576],{},[33,60850,60851],{},[88,60852,55444,60853,18],{"href":53268},[15,60854,53370],{},[33,60856,60857],{},[88,60858,55444,60859,18],{"href":53832},[15,60860,54192],{},[33,60862,60863],{},[88,60864,3724,60865,3728],{"href":59981},[15,60866,24888],{},[33,60868,60869],{},[88,60870,59324],{"href":58419},[33,60872,60873],{},[88,60874,60875],{"href":12200},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60877,60878,60879,60881],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60880,52576],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2071,60883,60884],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":60886},[60887,60888,60889,60890,60893,60894,60900,60901,60911,60912,60921],{"id":3757,"depth":133,"text":3758},{"id":15288,"depth":133,"text":15289},{"id":59216,"depth":133,"text":59217},{"id":59327,"depth":133,"text":59328,"children":60891},[60892],{"id":59529,"depth":154,"text":59530},{"id":59545,"depth":133,"text":59546},{"id":59742,"depth":133,"text":60895,"children":60896},"Create a list with list()",[60897,60898,60899],{"id":59767,"depth":154,"text":59768},{"id":59840,"depth":154,"text":59841},{"id":59905,"depth":154,"text":59906},{"id":59987,"depth":133,"text":59988},{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675,"children":60902},[60903,60904,60906,60908,60909,60910],{"id":60124,"depth":154,"text":60125},{"id":60183,"depth":154,"text":60905},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60303,"depth":154,"text":60907},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60524,"depth":154,"text":60525},{"id":60609,"depth":154,"text":60610},{"id":60635,"depth":154,"text":60636},{"id":60720,"depth":133,"text":60721},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":60913},[60914,60915,60916,60918,60919],{"id":60761,"depth":154,"text":60762},{"id":60776,"depth":154,"text":60777},{"id":60803,"depth":154,"text":60917},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60815,"depth":154,"text":60816},{"id":60822,"depth":154,"text":60920},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58958,"description":60922},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60929,"title":60930,"body":60931,"description":62672,"extension":2111,"meta":62673,"navigation":157,"path":62674,"seo":62675,"stem":62676,"__hash__":62677},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60932,"toc":62627},[60933,60938,60943,60946,60948,61019,61024,61029,61033,61047,61052,61054,61074,61079,61082,61105,61109,61114,61206,61208,61230,61236,61242,61249,61256,61262,61319,61325,61383,61385,61397,61405,61411,61416,61420,61477,61480,61484,61543,61546,61550,61608,61620,61624,61677,61680,61684,61690,61696,61758,61761,61822,61825,61881,61886,61888,61892,61899,61960,61965,61974,62030,62037,62041,62099,62108,62166,62170,62205,62209,62219,62222,62277,62291,62294,62409,62414,62418,62429,62431,62510,62520,62522,62527,62532,62539,62547,62553,62556,62562,62565,62571,62577,62579,62615,62624],[10,60934,54266,60936,18],{"id":60935},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60937,53370],{},[20,60939,60940,60942],{},[15,60941,53271],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60944,60945],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[51,60947,54],{"id":53},[56,60949,60951],{"className":58,"code":60950,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60952,60953,60969,60986,60990,61005,61015],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,60954,60955,60957,60959,60961,60963,60965,60967],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,60956,3768],{"class":71},[65,60958,76],{"class":75},[65,60960,3773],{"class":79},[65,60962,3135],{"class":96},[65,60964,100],{"class":79},[65,60966,113],{"class":96},[65,60968,3786],{"class":79},[65,60970,60971,60974,60976,60978,60980,60982,60984],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,60972,60973],{"class":71},"more_numbers ",[65,60975,76],{"class":75},[65,60977,3773],{"class":79},[65,60979,2210],{"class":96},[65,60981,100],{"class":79},[65,60983,2602],{"class":96},[65,60985,3786],{"class":79},[65,60987,60988],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,60989,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,60991,60992,60994,60996,60998,61000,61003],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,60993,3800],{"class":71},[65,60995,144],{"class":79},[65,60997,53400],{"class":147},[65,60999,168],{"class":79},[65,61001,61002],{"class":147},"more_numbers",[65,61004,174],{"class":79},[65,61006,61007,61009,61011,61013],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,61008,165],{"class":164},[65,61010,168],{"class":79},[65,61012,3800],{"class":147},[65,61014,174],{"class":79},[65,61016,61017],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,61018,52647],{"class":3816},[20,61020,1309,61021,61023],{},[15,61022,53370],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[51,61025,252,61027,255],{"id":61026},"what-listextend-does",[15,61028,53271],{},[20,61030,61031,93],{},[15,61032,53370],{},[30,61034,61035,61038,61040,61043],{},[33,61036,61037],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[33,61039,54352],{},[33,61041,61042],{},"Does not create a new list",[33,61044,11566,61045],{},[15,61046,3930],{},[20,61048,61049,61050,53725],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61051,53370],{},[51,61053,283],{"id":282},[56,61055,61057],{"className":58,"code":61056,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61058,61059],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61060,61061,61064,61066,61068,61070,61072],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61062,61063],{"class":71},"list_name",[65,61065,144],{"class":79},[65,61067,53400],{"class":147},[65,61069,168],{"class":79},[65,61071,3872],{"class":147},[65,61073,174],{"class":79},[20,61075,5604,61076,61078],{},[46,61077,3872],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61080,61081],{},"Common iterables include:",[30,61083,61084,61088,61092,61096,61101],{},[33,61085,61086],{},[15,61087,8244],{},[33,61089,61090],{},[15,61091,48875],{},[33,61093,61094],{},[15,61095,6440],{},[33,61097,61098],{},[15,61099,61100],{},"string",[33,61102,61103],{},[15,61104,59924],{},[51,61106,61108],{"id":61107},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61110,61111,61112,93],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61113,53370],{},[56,61115,61117],{"className":58,"code":61116,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61118,61119,61143,61168,61172,61187,61191,61201],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61120,61121,61123,61125,61127,61129,61131,61133,61135,61137,61139,61141],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61122,36154],{"class":71},[65,61124,76],{"class":75},[65,61126,3773],{"class":79},[65,61128,84],{"class":83},[65,61130,4234],{"class":87},[65,61132,84],{"class":83},[65,61134,100],{"class":79},[65,61136,103],{"class":83},[65,61138,4243],{"class":87},[65,61140,84],{"class":83},[65,61142,3786],{"class":79},[65,61144,61145,61148,61150,61152,61154,61156,61158,61160,61162,61164,61166],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61146,61147],{"class":71},"more_fruits ",[65,61149,76],{"class":75},[65,61151,3773],{"class":79},[65,61153,84],{"class":83},[65,61155,33132],{"class":87},[65,61157,84],{"class":83},[65,61159,100],{"class":79},[65,61161,103],{"class":83},[65,61163,22640],{"class":87},[65,61165,84],{"class":83},[65,61167,3786],{"class":79},[65,61169,61170],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,61171,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,61173,61174,61176,61178,61180,61182,61185],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,61175,36206],{"class":71},[65,61177,144],{"class":79},[65,61179,53400],{"class":147},[65,61181,168],{"class":79},[65,61183,61184],{"class":147},"more_fruits",[65,61186,174],{"class":79},[65,61188,61189],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,61190,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,61192,61193,61195,61197,61199],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,61194,165],{"class":164},[65,61196,168],{"class":79},[65,61198,36206],{"class":147},[65,61200,174],{"class":79},[65,61202,61203],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,61204,61205],{"class":3816},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61207,11820],{},[30,61209,61210,61215,61220],{},[33,61211,61212,61214],{},[15,61213,36206],{}," starts with two items",[33,61216,61217,61219],{},[15,61218,61184],{}," has two more items",[33,61221,61222,61224,61225,61227,61228],{},[15,61223,53370],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61226,61184],{}," to ",[15,61229,36206],{},[20,61231,61232,61233,61235],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61234,36206],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61237,54491,61238,1048,61240,144],{},[88,61239,52695],{"href":50902},[88,61241,57079],{"href":57078},[51,61243,61245,10729,61247],{"id":61244},"extend-vs-append",[15,61246,53370],{},[15,61248,52576],{},[20,61250,61251,1048,61253,61255],{},[15,61252,53370],{},[15,61254,52576],{}," are often confused.",[1059,61257,61259,61261],{"id":61258},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61260,53370],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[56,61263,61265],{"className":58,"code":61264,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61266,61267,61283,61301,61305,61315],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61268,61269,61271,61273,61275,61277,61279,61281],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61270,3768],{"class":71},[65,61272,76],{"class":75},[65,61274,3773],{"class":79},[65,61276,3135],{"class":96},[65,61278,100],{"class":79},[65,61280,113],{"class":96},[65,61282,3786],{"class":79},[65,61284,61285,61287,61289,61291,61293,61295,61297,61299],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61286,3800],{"class":71},[65,61288,144],{"class":79},[65,61290,53400],{"class":147},[65,61292,3132],{"class":79},[65,61294,2210],{"class":96},[65,61296,100],{"class":79},[65,61298,2602],{"class":96},[65,61300,4042],{"class":79},[65,61302,61303],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,61304,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,61306,61307,61309,61311,61313],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,61308,165],{"class":164},[65,61310,168],{"class":79},[65,61312,3800],{"class":147},[65,61314,174],{"class":79},[65,61316,61317],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,61318,52647],{"class":3816},[1059,61320,61322,61324],{"id":61321},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61323,52576],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[56,61326,61328],{"className":58,"code":61327,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61329,61330,61346,61364,61368,61378],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61331,61332,61334,61336,61338,61340,61342,61344],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61333,3768],{"class":71},[65,61335,76],{"class":75},[65,61337,3773],{"class":79},[65,61339,3135],{"class":96},[65,61341,100],{"class":79},[65,61343,113],{"class":96},[65,61345,3786],{"class":79},[65,61347,61348,61350,61352,61354,61356,61358,61360,61362],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61349,3800],{"class":71},[65,61351,144],{"class":79},[65,61353,13682],{"class":147},[65,61355,3132],{"class":79},[65,61357,2210],{"class":96},[65,61359,100],{"class":79},[65,61361,2602],{"class":96},[65,61363,4042],{"class":79},[65,61365,61366],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,61367,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,61369,61370,61372,61374,61376],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,61371,165],{"class":164},[65,61373,168],{"class":79},[65,61375,3800],{"class":147},[65,61377,174],{"class":79},[65,61379,61380],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,61381,61382],{"class":3816},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61384,18810],{},[30,61386,61387,61392],{},[33,61388,61389,61391],{},[15,61390,53370],{}," to combine values",[33,61393,61394,61396],{},[15,61395,52576],{}," to add one item",[20,61398,42012,61399,1048,61403,144],{},[88,61400,55444,61401,10885],{"href":56693},[15,61402,52576],{},[88,61404,52973],{"href":52972},[51,61406,8569,61408,61410],{"id":61407},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61409,53370],{}," with different iterables",[20,61412,61413,61415],{},[15,61414,53370],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1059,61417,61419],{"id":61418},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[56,61421,61423],{"className":58,"code":61422,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61424,61425,61441,61459,61463,61473],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61426,61427,61429,61431,61433,61435,61437,61439],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61428,3975],{"class":71},[65,61430,76],{"class":75},[65,61432,3773],{"class":79},[65,61434,3135],{"class":96},[65,61436,100],{"class":79},[65,61438,113],{"class":96},[65,61440,3786],{"class":79},[65,61442,61443,61445,61447,61449,61451,61453,61455,61457],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61444,5510],{"class":71},[65,61446,144],{"class":79},[65,61448,53400],{"class":147},[65,61450,5662],{"class":79},[65,61452,2210],{"class":96},[65,61454,100],{"class":79},[65,61456,2602],{"class":96},[65,61458,1870],{"class":79},[65,61460,61461],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,61462,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,61464,61465,61467,61469,61471],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,61466,165],{"class":164},[65,61468,168],{"class":79},[65,61470,5510],{"class":147},[65,61472,174],{"class":79},[65,61474,61475],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,61476,52647],{"class":3816},[20,61478,61479],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1059,61481,61483],{"id":61482},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[56,61485,61487],{"className":58,"code":61486,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61488,61489,61505,61524,61528,61538],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61490,61491,61493,61495,61497,61499,61501,61503],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61492,36005],{"class":71},[65,61494,76],{"class":75},[65,61496,3773],{"class":79},[65,61498,84],{"class":83},[65,61500,88],{"class":87},[65,61502,84],{"class":83},[65,61504,3786],{"class":79},[65,61506,61507,61509,61511,61513,61515,61517,61520,61522],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61508,36058],{"class":71},[65,61510,144],{"class":79},[65,61512,53400],{"class":147},[65,61514,168],{"class":79},[65,61516,84],{"class":83},[65,61518,61519],{"class":87},"bc",[65,61521,84],{"class":83},[65,61523,174],{"class":79},[65,61525,61526],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,61527,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,61529,61530,61532,61534,61536],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,61531,165],{"class":164},[65,61533,168],{"class":79},[65,61535,36058],{"class":147},[65,61537,174],{"class":79},[65,61539,61540],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,61541,61542],{"class":3816},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61544,61545],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1059,61547,61549],{"id":61548},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[56,61551,61553],{"className":58,"code":61552,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61554,61555,61567,61589,61593,61603],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61556,61557,61559,61561,61563,61565],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61558,3768],{"class":71},[65,61560,76],{"class":75},[65,61562,3773],{"class":79},[65,61564,2267],{"class":96},[65,61566,3786],{"class":79},[65,61568,61569,61571,61573,61575,61577,61579,61581,61583,61585,61587],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61570,3800],{"class":71},[65,61572,144],{"class":79},[65,61574,53400],{"class":147},[65,61576,168],{"class":79},[65,61578,59924],{"class":164},[65,61580,168],{"class":79},[65,61582,3135],{"class":96},[65,61584,100],{"class":79},[65,61586,2602],{"class":96},[65,61588,1870],{"class":79},[65,61590,61591],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,61592,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,61594,61595,61597,61599,61601],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,61596,165],{"class":164},[65,61598,168],{"class":79},[65,61600,3800],{"class":147},[65,61602,174],{"class":79},[65,61604,61605],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,61606,61607],{"class":3816},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61609,61610,61613,61614,1028,61616,1035,61618,144],{},[15,61611,61612],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61615,3135],{},[15,61617,2204],{},[15,61619,2210],{},[1059,61621,61623],{"id":61622},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[56,61625,61627],{"className":58,"code":61626,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61628,61629,61645,61663,61667],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61630,61631,61633,61635,61637,61639,61641,61643],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61632,7929],{"class":71},[65,61634,76],{"class":75},[65,61636,3773],{"class":79},[65,61638,3135],{"class":96},[65,61640,100],{"class":79},[65,61642,113],{"class":96},[65,61644,3786],{"class":79},[65,61646,61647,61649,61651,61653,61655,61657,61659,61661],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61648,7960],{"class":71},[65,61650,144],{"class":79},[65,61652,53400],{"class":147},[65,61654,5681],{"class":79},[65,61656,2210],{"class":96},[65,61658,100],{"class":79},[65,61660,2602],{"class":96},[65,61662,30406],{"class":79},[65,61664,61665],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,61666,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,61668,61669,61671,61673,61675],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,61670,165],{"class":164},[65,61672,168],{"class":79},[65,61674,7960],{"class":147},[65,61676,174],{"class":79},[20,61678,61679],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[51,61681,61683],{"id":61682},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61685,61686,2543,61688,144],{},[15,61687,53370],{},[15,61689,3930],{},[20,61691,61692,61693,93],{},"That means this is ",[46,61694,61695],{},"wrong",[56,61697,61699],{"className":58,"code":61698,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61700,61701,61717,61739,61743,61753],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61702,61703,61705,61707,61709,61711,61713,61715],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61704,3768],{"class":71},[65,61706,76],{"class":75},[65,61708,3773],{"class":79},[65,61710,3135],{"class":96},[65,61712,100],{"class":79},[65,61714,113],{"class":96},[65,61716,3786],{"class":79},[65,61718,61719,61721,61723,61725,61727,61729,61731,61733,61735,61737],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61720,401],{"class":71},[65,61722,76],{"class":75},[65,61724,4419],{"class":71},[65,61726,144],{"class":79},[65,61728,53400],{"class":147},[65,61730,3132],{"class":79},[65,61732,2210],{"class":96},[65,61734,100],{"class":79},[65,61736,2602],{"class":96},[65,61738,4042],{"class":79},[65,61740,61741],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,61742,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,61744,61745,61747,61749,61751],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,61746,165],{"class":164},[65,61748,168],{"class":79},[65,61750,425],{"class":147},[65,61752,174],{"class":79},[65,61754,61755],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,61756,61757],{"class":3816},"# None\n",[20,61759,61760],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[56,61762,61764],{"className":58,"code":61763,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61765,61766,61782,61804,61808,61818],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61767,61768,61770,61772,61774,61776,61778,61780],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61769,3768],{"class":71},[65,61771,76],{"class":75},[65,61773,3773],{"class":79},[65,61775,3135],{"class":96},[65,61777,100],{"class":79},[65,61779,113],{"class":96},[65,61781,3786],{"class":79},[65,61783,61784,61786,61788,61790,61792,61794,61796,61798,61800,61802],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61785,3768],{"class":71},[65,61787,76],{"class":75},[65,61789,4419],{"class":71},[65,61791,144],{"class":79},[65,61793,53400],{"class":147},[65,61795,3132],{"class":79},[65,61797,2210],{"class":96},[65,61799,100],{"class":79},[65,61801,2602],{"class":96},[65,61803,4042],{"class":79},[65,61805,61806],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,61807,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,61809,61810,61812,61814,61816],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,61811,165],{"class":164},[65,61813,168],{"class":79},[65,61815,3800],{"class":147},[65,61817,174],{"class":79},[65,61819,61820],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,61821,61757],{"class":3816},[20,61823,61824],{},"The correct way is:",[56,61826,61827],{"className":58,"code":61264,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,61828,61829,61845,61863,61867,61877],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61830,61831,61833,61835,61837,61839,61841,61843],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61832,3768],{"class":71},[65,61834,76],{"class":75},[65,61836,3773],{"class":79},[65,61838,3135],{"class":96},[65,61840,100],{"class":79},[65,61842,113],{"class":96},[65,61844,3786],{"class":79},[65,61846,61847,61849,61851,61853,61855,61857,61859,61861],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61848,3800],{"class":71},[65,61850,144],{"class":79},[65,61852,53400],{"class":147},[65,61854,3132],{"class":79},[65,61856,2210],{"class":96},[65,61858,100],{"class":79},[65,61860,2602],{"class":96},[65,61862,4042],{"class":79},[65,61864,61865],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,61866,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,61868,61869,61871,61873,61875],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,61870,165],{"class":164},[65,61872,168],{"class":79},[65,61874,3800],{"class":147},[65,61876,174],{"class":79},[65,61878,61879],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,61880,52647],{"class":3816},[20,61882,55833,61883,61885],{},[15,61884,53370],{}," first, then use the original list.",[51,61887,4675],{"id":4674},[20,61889,1769,61890,144],{},[15,61891,53370],{},[1059,61893,61895,61896,61898],{"id":61894},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61897,53370],{}," to return a new list",[56,61900,61902],{"className":58,"code":61901,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61903,61904,61920,61942,61946,61956],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61905,61906,61908,61910,61912,61914,61916,61918],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61907,3768],{"class":71},[65,61909,76],{"class":75},[65,61911,3773],{"class":79},[65,61913,3135],{"class":96},[65,61915,100],{"class":79},[65,61917,113],{"class":96},[65,61919,3786],{"class":79},[65,61921,61922,61924,61926,61928,61930,61932,61934,61936,61938,61940],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61923,55566],{"class":71},[65,61925,76],{"class":75},[65,61927,4419],{"class":71},[65,61929,144],{"class":79},[65,61931,53400],{"class":147},[65,61933,3132],{"class":79},[65,61935,2210],{"class":96},[65,61937,100],{"class":79},[65,61939,2602],{"class":96},[65,61941,4042],{"class":79},[65,61943,61944],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,61945,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,61947,61948,61950,61952,61954],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,61949,165],{"class":164},[65,61951,168],{"class":79},[65,61953,55585],{"class":147},[65,61955,174],{"class":79},[65,61957,61958],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,61959,61757],{"class":3816},[20,61961,61962,61963,144],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61964,53370],{},[1059,61966,61968,61969,44550,61971,61973],{"id":61967},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61970,52576],{},[15,61972,53370],{}," is needed",[56,61975,61976],{"className":58,"code":61327,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,61977,61978,61994,62012,62016,62026],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,61979,61980,61982,61984,61986,61988,61990,61992],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,61981,3768],{"class":71},[65,61983,76],{"class":75},[65,61985,3773],{"class":79},[65,61987,3135],{"class":96},[65,61989,100],{"class":79},[65,61991,113],{"class":96},[65,61993,3786],{"class":79},[65,61995,61996,61998,62000,62002,62004,62006,62008,62010],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,61997,3800],{"class":71},[65,61999,144],{"class":79},[65,62001,13682],{"class":147},[65,62003,3132],{"class":79},[65,62005,2210],{"class":96},[65,62007,100],{"class":79},[65,62009,2602],{"class":96},[65,62011,4042],{"class":79},[65,62013,62014],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,62015,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,62017,62018,62020,62022,62024],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,62019,165],{"class":164},[65,62021,168],{"class":79},[65,62023,3800],{"class":147},[65,62025,174],{"class":79},[65,62027,62028],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,62029,61382],{"class":3816},[20,62031,62032,62033,53815,62035,328],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62034,53814],{},[15,62036,53370],{},[1059,62038,62040],{"id":62039},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[56,62042,62044],{"className":58,"code":62043,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62045,62046,62062,62080,62084,62094],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62047,62048,62050,62052,62054,62056,62058,62060],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62049,4225],{"class":71},[65,62051,76],{"class":75},[65,62053,3773],{"class":79},[65,62055,84],{"class":83},[65,62057,3998],{"class":87},[65,62059,84],{"class":83},[65,62061,3786],{"class":79},[65,62063,62064,62066,62068,62070,62072,62074,62076,62078],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,62065,4269],{"class":71},[65,62067,144],{"class":79},[65,62069,53400],{"class":147},[65,62071,168],{"class":79},[65,62073,84],{"class":83},[65,62075,60517],{"class":87},[65,62077,84],{"class":83},[65,62079,174],{"class":79},[65,62081,62082],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,62083,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,62085,62086,62088,62090,62092],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,62087,165],{"class":164},[65,62089,168],{"class":79},[65,62091,4269],{"class":147},[65,62093,174],{"class":79},[65,62095,62096],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,62097,62098],{"class":3816},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62100,62101,62102,62105,62106,93],{},"If you want ",[15,62103,62104],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62107,52576],{},[56,62109,62111],{"className":58,"code":62110,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62112,62113,62129,62147,62151,62161],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62114,62115,62117,62119,62121,62123,62125,62127],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62116,4225],{"class":71},[65,62118,76],{"class":75},[65,62120,3773],{"class":79},[65,62122,84],{"class":83},[65,62124,3998],{"class":87},[65,62126,84],{"class":83},[65,62128,3786],{"class":79},[65,62130,62131,62133,62135,62137,62139,62141,62143,62145],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,62132,4269],{"class":71},[65,62134,144],{"class":79},[65,62136,13682],{"class":147},[65,62138,168],{"class":79},[65,62140,84],{"class":83},[65,62142,60517],{"class":87},[65,62144,84],{"class":83},[65,62146,174],{"class":79},[65,62148,62149],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,62150,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,62152,62153,62155,62157,62159],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,62154,165],{"class":164},[65,62156,168],{"class":79},[65,62158,4269],{"class":147},[65,62160,174],{"class":79},[65,62162,62163],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,62164,62165],{"class":3816},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1059,62167,62169],{"id":62168},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[56,62171,62173],{"className":58,"code":62172,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62174,62175,62191],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62176,62177,62179,62181,62183,62185,62187,62189],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62178,3768],{"class":71},[65,62180,76],{"class":75},[65,62182,3773],{"class":79},[65,62184,3135],{"class":96},[65,62186,100],{"class":79},[65,62188,113],{"class":96},[65,62190,3786],{"class":79},[65,62192,62193,62195,62197,62199,62201,62203],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,62194,3800],{"class":71},[65,62196,144],{"class":79},[65,62198,53400],{"class":147},[65,62200,168],{"class":79},[65,62202,2284],{"class":96},[65,62204,174],{"class":79},[20,62206,39571,62207,6702],{},[15,62208,2284],{},[20,62210,62211,62212,62214,62215,62218],{},"You will get a ",[15,62213,3152],{},". See ",[88,62216,62217],{"href":52523},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62220,62221],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[56,62223,62225],{"className":58,"code":62224,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62226,62227,62237,62251,62263],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62228,62229,62231,62233,62235],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62230,165],{"class":164},[65,62232,168],{"class":79},[65,62234,8490],{"class":147},[65,62236,174],{"class":79},[65,62238,62239,62241,62243,62245,62247,62249],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,62240,165],{"class":164},[65,62242,168],{"class":79},[65,62244,3370],{"class":1368},[65,62246,168],{"class":79},[65,62248,5510],{"class":147},[65,62250,1870],{"class":79},[65,62252,62253,62255,62257,62259,62261],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,62254,165],{"class":164},[65,62256,168],{"class":79},[65,62258,425],{"class":147},[65,62260,3813],{"class":79},[65,62262,174],{"class":71},[65,62264,62265,62267,62269,62271,62273,62275],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,62266,32063],{"class":164},[65,62268,168],{"class":79},[65,62270,8244],{"class":1368},[65,62272,144],{"class":79},[65,62274,53400],{"class":24857},[65,62276,174],{"class":79},[43500,62278,62279],{},[20,62280,62281,62282,62285,62286,62288,62289,144],{},"Note: ",[15,62283,62284],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62287,3813],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62290,32938],{},[20,62292,62293],{},"Correct debugging example:",[56,62295,62297],{"className":58,"code":62296,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62298,62299,62315,62331,62335,62349,62353,62361,62371,62385,62395],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62300,62301,62303,62305,62307,62309,62311,62313],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62302,8459],{"class":71},[65,62304,76],{"class":75},[65,62306,3773],{"class":79},[65,62308,3135],{"class":96},[65,62310,100],{"class":79},[65,62312,113],{"class":96},[65,62314,3786],{"class":79},[65,62316,62317,62319,62321,62323,62325,62327,62329],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,62318,3975],{"class":71},[65,62320,76],{"class":75},[65,62322,3773],{"class":79},[65,62324,2210],{"class":96},[65,62326,100],{"class":79},[65,62328,2602],{"class":96},[65,62330,3786],{"class":79},[65,62332,62333],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,62334,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,62336,62337,62339,62341,62343,62345,62347],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,62338,8490],{"class":71},[65,62340,144],{"class":79},[65,62342,53400],{"class":147},[65,62344,168],{"class":79},[65,62346,5510],{"class":147},[65,62348,174],{"class":79},[65,62350,62351],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,62352,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,62354,62355,62357,62359],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,62356,401],{"class":71},[65,62358,76],{"class":75},[65,62360,48449],{"class":4005},[65,62362,62363,62365,62367,62369],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,62364,165],{"class":164},[65,62366,168],{"class":79},[65,62368,8490],{"class":147},[65,62370,174],{"class":79},[65,62372,62373,62375,62377,62379,62381,62383],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,62374,165],{"class":164},[65,62376,168],{"class":79},[65,62378,3370],{"class":1368},[65,62380,168],{"class":79},[65,62382,5510],{"class":147},[65,62384,1870],{"class":79},[65,62386,62387,62389,62391,62393],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,62388,165],{"class":164},[65,62390,168],{"class":79},[65,62392,425],{"class":147},[65,62394,174],{"class":79},[65,62396,62397,62399,62401,62403,62405,62407],{"class":67,"line":6587},[65,62398,32063],{"class":164},[65,62400,168],{"class":79},[65,62402,8244],{"class":1368},[65,62404,144],{"class":79},[65,62406,53400],{"class":24857},[65,62408,174],{"class":79},[51,62410,1553,62412],{"id":62411},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62413,53370],{},[20,62415,1309,62416,6471],{},[15,62417,53370],{},[30,62419,62420,62423,62426],{},[33,62421,62422],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[33,62424,62425],{},"Add multiple values at once",[33,62427,62428],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62430,5624],{},[56,62432,62434],{"className":58,"code":62433,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62435,62436,62453,62471,62475,62491,62495,62505],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62437,62438,62441,62443,62445,62447,62449,62451],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62439,62440],{"class":71},"all_scores ",[65,62442,76],{"class":75},[65,62444,3773],{"class":79},[65,62446,13631],{"class":96},[65,62448,100],{"class":79},[65,62450,13636],{"class":96},[65,62452,3786],{"class":79},[65,62454,62455,62458,62460,62462,62464,62466,62469],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,62456,62457],{"class":71},"new_scores ",[65,62459,76],{"class":75},[65,62461,3773],{"class":79},[65,62463,51428],{"class":96},[65,62465,100],{"class":79},[65,62467,62468],{"class":96}," 92",[65,62470,3786],{"class":79},[65,62472,62473],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,62474,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,62476,62477,62480,62482,62484,62486,62489],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,62478,62479],{"class":71},"all_scores",[65,62481,144],{"class":79},[65,62483,53400],{"class":147},[65,62485,168],{"class":79},[65,62487,62488],{"class":147},"new_scores",[65,62490,174],{"class":79},[65,62492,62493],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,62494,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,62496,62497,62499,62501,62503],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,62498,165],{"class":164},[65,62500,168],{"class":79},[65,62502,62479],{"class":147},[65,62504,174],{"class":79},[65,62506,62507],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,62508,62509],{"class":3816},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62511,62512,62513,62515,62516,144],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62514,52576],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[88,62517,55444,62518,10885],{"href":53832},[15,62519,54192],{},[51,62521,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,62523,1966,62525,55393],{"id":62524},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62526,53271],{},[20,62528,62529,62530,144],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62531,3930],{},[1059,62533,5330,62535,1048,62537,2637],{"id":62534},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62536,53370],{},[15,62538,52576],{},[20,62540,62541,62543,62544,62546],{},[15,62542,53370],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62545,52576],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1059,62548,28432,62550,62552],{"id":62549},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62551,53370],{}," with a string?",[20,62554,62555],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1059,62557,28432,62559,62561],{"id":62558},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62560,53370],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62563,62564],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1059,62566,62568,62569,2637],{"id":62567},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62570,53370],{},[20,62572,62573,62574,62576],{},"You get a ",[15,62575,3152],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[51,62578,2015],{"id":2014},[30,62580,62581,62587,62591,62595,62599,62605,62609],{},[33,62582,62583],{},[88,62584,55444,62585,10885],{"href":56693},[15,62586,52576],{},[33,62588,62589],{},[88,62590,54202],{"href":52972},[33,62592,62593],{},[88,62594,57153],{"href":57078},[33,62596,62597],{},[88,62598,52695],{"href":50902},[33,62600,62601],{},[88,62602,55444,62603,10885],{"href":53832},[15,62604,54192],{},[33,62606,62607],{},[88,62608,62217],{"href":52523},[33,62610,62611],{},[88,62612,55444,62613,10885],{"href":54884},[15,62614,12908],{},[20,62616,62617,62618,62620,62621,62623],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62619,52576],{},", when to use ",[15,62622,54192],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2071,62625,62626],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":62628},[62629,62630,62632,62633,62634,62641,62648,62649,62657,62659,62671],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":61026,"depth":133,"text":62631},"What list.extend() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":61107,"depth":133,"text":61108},{"id":61244,"depth":133,"text":62635,"children":62636},"extend() vs append()",[62637,62639],{"id":61258,"depth":154,"text":62638},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61321,"depth":154,"text":62640},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61407,"depth":133,"text":62642,"children":62643},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62644,62645,62646,62647],{"id":61418,"depth":154,"text":61419},{"id":61482,"depth":154,"text":61483},{"id":61548,"depth":154,"text":61549},{"id":61622,"depth":154,"text":61623},{"id":61682,"depth":133,"text":61683},{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675,"children":62650},[62651,62653,62655,62656],{"id":61894,"depth":154,"text":62652},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61967,"depth":154,"text":62654},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62039,"depth":154,"text":62040},{"id":62168,"depth":154,"text":62169},{"id":62411,"depth":133,"text":62658},"When to use extend()",{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":62660},[62661,62663,62665,62667,62669],{"id":62524,"depth":154,"text":62662},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62534,"depth":154,"text":62664},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62549,"depth":154,"text":62666},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62558,"depth":154,"text":62668},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62567,"depth":154,"text":62670},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60930,"description":62672},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62679,"title":62680,"body":62681,"description":64772,"extension":2111,"meta":64773,"navigation":157,"path":64774,"seo":64775,"stem":64776,"__hash__":64777},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62682,"toc":64735},[62683,62686,62691,62697,62708,62714,62716,62785,62787,62836,62844,62848,62853,62856,62867,62872,62874,62876,62897,62910,62913,62926,62928,62933,62958,62960,62968,62971,63040,63042,63066,63072,63076,63080,63116,63118,63138,63145,63149,63182,63184,63218,63223,63227,63260,63262,63290,63298,63302,63339,63341,63362,63365,63369,63438,63440,63464,63470,63477,63481,63484,63486,63500,63503,63527,63529,63554,63557,63576,63578,63604,63613,63617,63624,63701,63703,63744,63750,63756,63847,63849,63905,63908,63913,63917,63922,63926,63985,63987,64012,64016,64079,64081,64106,64110,64173,64175,64218,64221,64225,64229,64251,64255,64337,64339,64374,64382,64384,64388,64392,64394,64421,64426,64428,64455,64462,64465,64488,64490,64539,64542,64545,64564,64568,64571,64622,64625,64631,64635,64640,64643,64645,64651,64660,64664,64670,64674,64677,64681,64684,64688,64694,64696,64732],[10,62684,62680],{"id":62685},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62687,9274,62688,62690],{},[15,62689,24888],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62692,62693,62694,62696],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62695,24888],{}," for two main reasons:",[30,62698,62699,62702],{},[33,62700,62701],{},"to make an empty list",[33,62703,62704,62705,62707],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62706,59924],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62709,62710,62711,62713],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62712,24888],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[51,62715,54],{"id":53},[56,62717,62719],{"className":58,"code":62718,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62720,62721,62743,62761,62765,62775],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62722,62723,62725,62727,62729,62731,62733,62735,62737,62739,62741],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62724,3768],{"class":71},[65,62726,76],{"class":75},[65,62728,22667],{"class":1368},[65,62730,5662],{"class":79},[65,62732,3135],{"class":96},[65,62734,100],{"class":79},[65,62736,113],{"class":96},[65,62738,100],{"class":79},[65,62740,127],{"class":96},[65,62742,1870],{"class":79},[65,62744,62745,62747,62749,62751,62753,62755,62757,62759],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,62746,36005],{"class":71},[65,62748,76],{"class":75},[65,62750,22667],{"class":1368},[65,62752,168],{"class":79},[65,62754,84],{"class":83},[65,62756,41479],{"class":87},[65,62758,84],{"class":83},[65,62760,174],{"class":79},[65,62762,62763],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,62764,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,62766,62767,62769,62771,62773],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,62768,165],{"class":164},[65,62770,168],{"class":79},[65,62772,3800],{"class":147},[65,62774,174],{"class":79},[65,62776,62777,62779,62781,62783],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,62778,165],{"class":164},[65,62780,168],{"class":79},[65,62782,36058],{"class":147},[65,62784,174],{"class":79},[20,62786,191],{},[56,62788,62790],{"className":58,"code":62789,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62791,62792,62808],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62793,62794,62796,62798,62800,62802,62804,62806],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62795,4054],{"class":79},[65,62797,3135],{"class":96},[65,62799,100],{"class":79},[65,62801,113],{"class":96},[65,62803,100],{"class":79},[65,62805,127],{"class":96},[65,62807,3786],{"class":79},[65,62809,62810,62812,62814,62816,62818,62820,62822,62824,62826,62828,62830,62832,62834],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,62811,4054],{"class":79},[65,62813,203],{"class":83},[65,62815,88],{"class":87},[65,62817,203],{"class":83},[65,62819,100],{"class":79},[65,62821,233],{"class":83},[65,62823,106],{"class":87},[65,62825,203],{"class":83},[65,62827,100],{"class":79},[65,62829,233],{"class":83},[65,62831,120],{"class":87},[65,62833,203],{"class":83},[65,62835,3786],{"class":79},[20,62837,1309,62838,62840,62841,62843],{},[15,62839,24888],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62842,59924],{},", set, or dictionary.",[51,62845,62847],{"id":62846},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62849,62850,62852],{},[15,62851,24888],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62854,62855],{},"It can:",[30,62857,62858,62861,62864],{},[33,62859,62860],{},"create a new list object",[33,62862,62863],{},"make an empty list",[33,62865,62866],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62868,62869,62870,144],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[88,62871,52695],{"href":50902},[51,62873,283],{"id":282},[20,62875,26593],{},[56,62877,62879],{"className":58,"code":62878,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62880,62881,62887],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62882,62883,62885],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62884,8244],{"class":1368},[65,62886,151],{"class":79},[65,62888,62889,62891,62893,62895],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,62890,8244],{"class":1368},[65,62892,168],{"class":79},[65,62894,3872],{"class":147},[65,62896,174],{"class":79},[30,62898,62899,62904],{},[33,62900,62901,62903],{},[15,62902,24888],{}," makes an empty list",[33,62905,62906,62909],{},[15,62907,62908],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62911,62912],{},"Common iterable values include:",[30,62914,62915,62917,62919,62921,62924],{},[33,62916,5460],{},[33,62918,5454],{},[33,62920,5457],{},[33,62922,62923],{},"ranges",[33,62925,7400],{},[51,62927,59546],{"id":59545},[20,62929,1309,62930,62932],{},[15,62931,24888],{}," with no arguments:",[56,62934,62936],{"className":58,"code":62935,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62937,62938,62948],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62939,62940,62942,62944,62946],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62941,7929],{"class":71},[65,62943,76],{"class":75},[65,62945,22667],{"class":1368},[65,62947,151],{"class":79},[65,62949,62950,62952,62954,62956],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,62951,165],{"class":164},[65,62953,168],{"class":79},[65,62955,7960],{"class":147},[65,62957,174],{"class":79},[20,62959,191],{},[56,62961,62962],{"className":58,"code":38214,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,62963,62964],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62965,62966],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62967,38214],{"class":79},[20,62969,62970],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[56,62972,62974],{"className":58,"code":62973,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62975,62976,62986,62990,63008,63026,63030],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,62977,62978,62980,62982,62984],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,62979,7929],{"class":71},[65,62981,76],{"class":75},[65,62983,22667],{"class":1368},[65,62985,151],{"class":79},[65,62987,62988],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,62989,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,62991,62992,62994,62996,62998,63000,63002,63004,63006],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,62993,7960],{"class":71},[65,62995,144],{"class":79},[65,62997,13682],{"class":147},[65,62999,168],{"class":79},[65,63001,84],{"class":83},[65,63003,4234],{"class":87},[65,63005,84],{"class":83},[65,63007,174],{"class":79},[65,63009,63010,63012,63014,63016,63018,63020,63022,63024],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,63011,7960],{"class":71},[65,63013,144],{"class":79},[65,63015,13682],{"class":147},[65,63017,168],{"class":79},[65,63019,84],{"class":83},[65,63021,4243],{"class":87},[65,63023,84],{"class":83},[65,63025,174],{"class":79},[65,63027,63028],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,63029,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,63031,63032,63034,63036,63038],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,63033,165],{"class":164},[65,63035,168],{"class":79},[65,63037,7960],{"class":147},[65,63039,174],{"class":79},[20,63041,191],{},[56,63043,63044],{"className":58,"code":38340,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,63045,63046],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63047,63048,63050,63052,63054,63056,63058,63060,63062,63064],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63049,4054],{"class":79},[65,63051,203],{"class":83},[65,63053,4234],{"class":87},[65,63055,203],{"class":83},[65,63057,100],{"class":79},[65,63059,233],{"class":83},[65,63061,4243],{"class":87},[65,63063,203],{"class":83},[65,63065,3786],{"class":79},[20,63067,63068,63069,63071],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63070,3939],{},". Both are valid.",[51,63073,63075],{"id":63074},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1059,63077,63079],{"id":63078},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[56,63081,63082],{"className":58,"code":59844,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,63083,63084,63106],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63085,63086,63088,63090,63092,63094,63096,63098,63100,63102,63104],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63087,3768],{"class":71},[65,63089,76],{"class":75},[65,63091,22667],{"class":1368},[65,63093,5662],{"class":79},[65,63095,3135],{"class":96},[65,63097,100],{"class":79},[65,63099,113],{"class":96},[65,63101,100],{"class":79},[65,63103,127],{"class":96},[65,63105,1870],{"class":79},[65,63107,63108,63110,63112,63114],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,63109,165],{"class":164},[65,63111,168],{"class":79},[65,63113,3800],{"class":147},[65,63115,174],{"class":79},[20,63117,191],{},[56,63119,63120],{"className":58,"code":55074,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,63121,63122],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63123,63124,63126,63128,63130,63132,63134,63136],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63125,4054],{"class":79},[65,63127,3135],{"class":96},[65,63129,100],{"class":79},[65,63131,113],{"class":96},[65,63133,100],{"class":79},[65,63135,127],{"class":96},[65,63137,3786],{"class":79},[20,63139,63140,63141,144],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[88,63142,63144],{"href":63143},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1059,63146,63148],{"id":63147},"string-to-list","String to list",[56,63150,63152],{"className":58,"code":63151,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63153,63154,63172],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63155,63156,63158,63160,63162,63164,63166,63168,63170],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63157,36005],{"class":71},[65,63159,76],{"class":75},[65,63161,22667],{"class":1368},[65,63163,168],{"class":79},[65,63165,84],{"class":83},[65,63167,36963],{"class":87},[65,63169,84],{"class":83},[65,63171,174],{"class":79},[65,63173,63174,63176,63178,63180],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,63175,165],{"class":164},[65,63177,168],{"class":79},[65,63179,36058],{"class":147},[65,63181,174],{"class":79},[20,63183,191],{},[56,63185,63187],{"className":58,"code":63186,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63188,63189],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63190,63191,63193,63195,63197,63199,63201,63203,63205,63207,63209,63211,63214,63216],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63192,4054],{"class":79},[65,63194,203],{"class":83},[65,63196,120],{"class":87},[65,63198,203],{"class":83},[65,63200,100],{"class":79},[65,63202,233],{"class":83},[65,63204,88],{"class":87},[65,63206,203],{"class":83},[65,63208,100],{"class":79},[65,63210,233],{"class":83},[65,63212,63213],{"class":87},"t",[65,63215,203],{"class":83},[65,63217,3786],{"class":79},[20,63219,63220,63222],{},[15,63221,24888],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1059,63224,63226],{"id":63225},"range-to-list","Range to list",[56,63228,63230],{"className":58,"code":63229,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63231,63232,63250],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63233,63234,63236,63238,63240,63242,63244,63246,63248],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63235,3768],{"class":71},[65,63237,76],{"class":75},[65,63239,22667],{"class":1368},[65,63241,168],{"class":79},[65,63243,59924],{"class":164},[65,63245,168],{"class":79},[65,63247,2284],{"class":96},[65,63249,1870],{"class":79},[65,63251,63252,63254,63256,63258],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,63253,165],{"class":164},[65,63255,168],{"class":79},[65,63257,3800],{"class":147},[65,63259,174],{"class":79},[20,63261,191],{},[56,63263,63264],{"className":58,"code":59947,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,63265,63266],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63267,63268,63270,63272,63274,63276,63278,63280,63282,63284,63286,63288],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63269,4054],{"class":79},[65,63271,2267],{"class":96},[65,63273,100],{"class":79},[65,63275,97],{"class":96},[65,63277,100],{"class":79},[65,63279,113],{"class":96},[65,63281,100],{"class":79},[65,63283,127],{"class":96},[65,63285,100],{"class":79},[65,63287,2602],{"class":96},[65,63289,3786],{"class":79},[20,63291,63292,63293,63297],{},"This is common when working with ",[88,63294,63295],{"href":36110},[15,63296,36113],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1059,63299,63301],{"id":63300},"set-to-list","Set to list",[56,63303,63305],{"className":58,"code":63304,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63306,63307,63329],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63308,63309,63311,63313,63315,63317,63319,63321,63323,63325,63327],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63310,3975],{"class":71},[65,63312,76],{"class":75},[65,63314,22667],{"class":1368},[65,63316,5681],{"class":79},[65,63318,2476],{"class":96},[65,63320,100],{"class":79},[65,63322,7940],{"class":96},[65,63324,100],{"class":79},[65,63326,7945],{"class":96},[65,63328,30406],{"class":79},[65,63330,63331,63333,63335,63337],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,63332,165],{"class":164},[65,63334,168],{"class":79},[65,63336,5510],{"class":147},[65,63338,174],{"class":79},[20,63340,17079],{},[56,63342,63344],{"className":58,"code":63343,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63345,63346],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63347,63348,63350,63352,63354,63356,63358,63360],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63349,4054],{"class":79},[65,63351,2476],{"class":96},[65,63353,100],{"class":79},[65,63355,7940],{"class":96},[65,63357,100],{"class":79},[65,63359,7945],{"class":96},[65,63361,3786],{"class":79},[20,63363,63364],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1059,63366,63368],{"id":63367},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[56,63370,63372],{"className":58,"code":63371,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63373,63374,63410,63424,63428],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63375,63376,63378,63380,63382,63384,63386,63388,63390,63392,63394,63396,63398,63400,63402,63404,63406,63408],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63377,360],{"class":71},[65,63379,76],{"class":75},[65,63381,80],{"class":79},[65,63383,84],{"class":83},[65,63385,369],{"class":87},[65,63387,84],{"class":83},[65,63389,93],{"class":79},[65,63391,103],{"class":83},[65,63393,542],{"class":87},[65,63395,84],{"class":83},[65,63397,100],{"class":79},[65,63399,103],{"class":83},[65,63401,387],{"class":87},[65,63403,84],{"class":83},[65,63405,93],{"class":79},[65,63407,394],{"class":96},[65,63409,130],{"class":79},[65,63411,63412,63414,63416,63418,63420,63422],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,63413,401],{"class":71},[65,63415,76],{"class":75},[65,63417,22667],{"class":1368},[65,63419,168],{"class":79},[65,63421,17421],{"class":147},[65,63423,174],{"class":79},[65,63425,63426],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,63427,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,63429,63430,63432,63434,63436],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,63431,165],{"class":164},[65,63433,168],{"class":79},[65,63435,425],{"class":147},[65,63437,174],{"class":79},[20,63439,191],{},[56,63441,63442],{"className":58,"code":25588,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,63443,63444],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63445,63446,63448,63450,63452,63454,63456,63458,63460,63462],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63447,4054],{"class":79},[65,63449,203],{"class":83},[65,63451,369],{"class":87},[65,63453,203],{"class":83},[65,63455,100],{"class":79},[65,63457,233],{"class":83},[65,63459,387],{"class":87},[65,63461,203],{"class":83},[65,63463,3786],{"class":79},[20,63465,63466,63467,63469],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63468,24888],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63471,63472,63473,144],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[88,63474,63476],{"href":63475},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[51,63478,63480],{"id":63479},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63482,63483],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63485,61081],{},[30,63487,63488,63490,63492,63494,63496,63498],{},[33,63489,5451],{},[33,63491,5454],{},[33,63493,5460],{},[33,63495,5457],{},[33,63497,62923],{},[33,63499,7400],{},[20,63501,63502],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[56,63504,63506],{"className":58,"code":63505,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63507,63508],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63509,63510,63512,63514,63516,63518,63520,63523,63525],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63511,165],{"class":164},[65,63513,168],{"class":79},[65,63515,8244],{"class":1368},[65,63517,168],{"class":79},[65,63519,84],{"class":83},[65,63521,63522],{"class":87},"hi",[65,63524,84],{"class":83},[65,63526,1870],{"class":79},[20,63528,191],{},[56,63530,63532],{"className":58,"code":63531,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63533,63534],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63535,63536,63538,63540,63542,63544,63546,63548,63550,63552],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63537,4054],{"class":79},[65,63539,203],{"class":83},[65,63541,60364],{"class":87},[65,63543,203],{"class":83},[65,63545,100],{"class":79},[65,63547,233],{"class":83},[65,63549,36069],{"class":87},[65,63551,203],{"class":83},[65,63553,3786],{"class":79},[20,63555,63556],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[56,63558,63560],{"className":58,"code":63559,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63561,63562],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63563,63564,63566,63568,63570,63572,63574],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63565,165],{"class":164},[65,63567,168],{"class":79},[65,63569,8244],{"class":1368},[65,63571,168],{"class":79},[65,63573,2284],{"class":96},[65,63575,1870],{"class":79},[20,63577,191],{},[56,63579,63581],{"className":58,"code":63580,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63582,63583],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63584,63585,63587,63589,63591,63593,63595,63597,63599,63601],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63586,3152],{"class":1368},[65,63588,93],{"class":79},[65,63590,233],{"class":83},[65,63592,2335],{"class":87},[65,63594,203],{"class":83},[65,63596,24724],{"class":1368},[65,63598,8247],{"class":75},[65,63600,8250],{"class":75},[65,63602,63603],{"class":71}," iterable\n",[20,63605,63606,63607,63609,63610,144],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[88,63608,5288],{"href":5738},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[88,63611,63612],{"href":52523},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[51,63614,63616],{"id":63615},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63618,63619,63620,63623],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63621,63622],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[56,63625,63627],{"className":58,"code":63626,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63628,63629,63649,63663,63667,63677,63687],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63630,63631,63633,63635,63637,63639,63641,63643,63645,63647],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63632,12221],{"class":71},[65,63634,76],{"class":75},[65,63636,3773],{"class":79},[65,63638,3135],{"class":96},[65,63640,100],{"class":79},[65,63642,113],{"class":96},[65,63644,100],{"class":79},[65,63646,127],{"class":96},[65,63648,3786],{"class":79},[65,63650,63651,63653,63655,63657,63659,63661],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,63652,14441],{"class":71},[65,63654,76],{"class":75},[65,63656,22667],{"class":1368},[65,63658,168],{"class":79},[65,63660,12268],{"class":147},[65,63662,174],{"class":79},[65,63664,63665],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,63666,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,63668,63669,63671,63673,63675],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,63670,165],{"class":164},[65,63672,168],{"class":79},[65,63674,12268],{"class":147},[65,63676,174],{"class":79},[65,63678,63679,63681,63683,63685],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,63680,165],{"class":164},[65,63682,168],{"class":79},[65,63684,14460],{"class":147},[65,63686,174],{"class":79},[65,63688,63689,63691,63693,63695,63697,63699],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,63690,165],{"class":164},[65,63692,168],{"class":79},[65,63694,12221],{"class":147},[65,63696,12329],{"class":1405},[65,63698,14514],{"class":147},[65,63700,174],{"class":79},[20,63702,191],{},[56,63704,63706],{"className":58,"code":63705,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63707,63708,63724,63740],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63709,63710,63712,63714,63716,63718,63720,63722],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63711,4054],{"class":79},[65,63713,3135],{"class":96},[65,63715,100],{"class":79},[65,63717,113],{"class":96},[65,63719,100],{"class":79},[65,63721,127],{"class":96},[65,63723,3786],{"class":79},[65,63725,63726,63728,63730,63732,63734,63736,63738],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,63727,4054],{"class":79},[65,63729,3135],{"class":96},[65,63731,100],{"class":79},[65,63733,113],{"class":96},[65,63735,100],{"class":79},[65,63737,127],{"class":96},[65,63739,3786],{"class":79},[65,63741,63742],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,63743,4195],{"class":4005},[20,63745,63746,63747,63749],{},"This means ",[15,63748,14460],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63751,63752,63753,63755],{},"However, this is only a ",[46,63754,12981],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[56,63757,63759],{"className":58,"code":63758,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63760,63761,63787,63801,63805,63823,63827,63837],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63762,63763,63765,63767,63769,63771,63773,63775,63777,63779,63781,63783,63785],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63764,12221],{"class":71},[65,63766,76],{"class":75},[65,63768,56218],{"class":79},[65,63770,3135],{"class":96},[65,63772,100],{"class":79},[65,63774,113],{"class":96},[65,63776,18177],{"class":79},[65,63778,3773],{"class":79},[65,63780,2210],{"class":96},[65,63782,100],{"class":79},[65,63784,2602],{"class":96},[65,63786,53166],{"class":79},[65,63788,63789,63791,63793,63795,63797,63799],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,63790,14441],{"class":71},[65,63792,76],{"class":75},[65,63794,22667],{"class":1368},[65,63796,168],{"class":79},[65,63798,12268],{"class":147},[65,63800,174],{"class":79},[65,63802,63803],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,63804,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,63806,63807,63809,63811,63813,63815,63817,63819,63821],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,63808,14460],{"class":71},[65,63810,4054],{"class":79},[65,63812,2267],{"class":96},[65,63814,13679],{"class":79},[65,63816,13682],{"class":147},[65,63818,168],{"class":79},[65,63820,56271],{"class":96},[65,63822,174],{"class":79},[65,63824,63825],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,63826,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,63828,63829,63831,63833,63835],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,63830,165],{"class":164},[65,63832,168],{"class":79},[65,63834,12268],{"class":147},[65,63836,174],{"class":79},[65,63838,63839,63841,63843,63845],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,63840,165],{"class":164},[65,63842,168],{"class":79},[65,63844,14460],{"class":147},[65,63846,174],{"class":79},[20,63848,191],{},[56,63850,63851],{"className":58,"code":56302,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,63852,63853,63879],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63854,63855,63857,63859,63861,63863,63865,63867,63869,63871,63873,63875,63877],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63856,56309],{"class":79},[65,63858,3135],{"class":96},[65,63860,100],{"class":79},[65,63862,113],{"class":96},[65,63864,100],{"class":79},[65,63866,10341],{"class":96},[65,63868,18177],{"class":79},[65,63870,3773],{"class":79},[65,63872,2210],{"class":96},[65,63874,100],{"class":79},[65,63876,2602],{"class":96},[65,63878,53166],{"class":79},[65,63880,63881,63883,63885,63887,63889,63891,63893,63895,63897,63899,63901,63903],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,63882,56309],{"class":79},[65,63884,3135],{"class":96},[65,63886,100],{"class":79},[65,63888,113],{"class":96},[65,63890,100],{"class":79},[65,63892,10341],{"class":96},[65,63894,18177],{"class":79},[65,63896,3773],{"class":79},[65,63898,2210],{"class":96},[65,63900,100],{"class":79},[65,63902,2602],{"class":96},[65,63904,53166],{"class":79},[20,63906,63907],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63909,63910,63911,144],{},"For more on this, see ",[88,63912,13920],{"href":13919},[51,63914,63916],{"id":63915},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63918,63919,63920,144],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63921,24888],{},[1059,63923,63925],{"id":63924},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[56,63927,63929],{"className":58,"code":63928,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63930,63931,63971],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63932,63933,63935,63937,63939,63941,63943,63945,63947,63949,63951,63953,63955,63957,63959,63961,63963,63965,63967,63969],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63934,12994],{"class":71},[65,63936,76],{"class":75},[65,63938,80],{"class":79},[65,63940,84],{"class":83},[65,63942,369],{"class":87},[65,63944,84],{"class":83},[65,63946,93],{"class":79},[65,63948,103],{"class":83},[65,63950,8072],{"class":87},[65,63952,84],{"class":83},[65,63954,100],{"class":79},[65,63956,103],{"class":83},[65,63958,20006],{"class":87},[65,63960,84],{"class":83},[65,63962,93],{"class":79},[65,63964,103],{"class":83},[65,63966,22355],{"class":87},[65,63968,84],{"class":83},[65,63970,130],{"class":79},[65,63972,63973,63975,63977,63979,63981,63983],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,63974,165],{"class":164},[65,63976,168],{"class":79},[65,63978,8244],{"class":1368},[65,63980,168],{"class":79},[65,63982,13755],{"class":147},[65,63984,1870],{"class":79},[20,63986,191],{},[56,63988,63990],{"className":58,"code":63989,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63991,63992],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,63993,63994,63996,63998,64000,64002,64004,64006,64008,64010],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,63995,4054],{"class":79},[65,63997,203],{"class":83},[65,63999,369],{"class":87},[65,64001,203],{"class":83},[65,64003,100],{"class":79},[65,64005,233],{"class":83},[65,64007,20006],{"class":87},[65,64009,203],{"class":83},[65,64011,3786],{"class":79},[1059,64013,64015],{"id":64014},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[56,64017,64019],{"className":58,"code":64018,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64020,64021,64061],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64022,64023,64025,64027,64029,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041,64043,64045,64047,64049,64051,64053,64055,64057,64059],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64024,12994],{"class":71},[65,64026,76],{"class":75},[65,64028,80],{"class":79},[65,64030,84],{"class":83},[65,64032,369],{"class":87},[65,64034,84],{"class":83},[65,64036,93],{"class":79},[65,64038,103],{"class":83},[65,64040,8072],{"class":87},[65,64042,84],{"class":83},[65,64044,100],{"class":79},[65,64046,103],{"class":83},[65,64048,20006],{"class":87},[65,64050,84],{"class":83},[65,64052,93],{"class":79},[65,64054,103],{"class":83},[65,64056,22355],{"class":87},[65,64058,84],{"class":83},[65,64060,130],{"class":79},[65,64062,64063,64065,64067,64069,64071,64073,64075,64077],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,64064,165],{"class":164},[65,64066,168],{"class":79},[65,64068,8244],{"class":1368},[65,64070,168],{"class":79},[65,64072,13755],{"class":147},[65,64074,144],{"class":79},[65,64076,5510],{"class":147},[65,64078,6443],{"class":79},[20,64080,191],{},[56,64082,64084],{"className":58,"code":64083,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64085,64086],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64087,64088,64090,64092,64094,64096,64098,64100,64102,64104],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64089,4054],{"class":79},[65,64091,203],{"class":83},[65,64093,8072],{"class":87},[65,64095,203],{"class":83},[65,64097,100],{"class":79},[65,64099,233],{"class":83},[65,64101,22355],{"class":87},[65,64103,203],{"class":83},[65,64105,3786],{"class":79},[1059,64107,64109],{"id":64108},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[56,64111,64113],{"className":58,"code":64112,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64114,64115,64155],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64116,64117,64119,64121,64123,64125,64127,64129,64131,64133,64135,64137,64139,64141,64143,64145,64147,64149,64151,64153],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64118,12994],{"class":71},[65,64120,76],{"class":75},[65,64122,80],{"class":79},[65,64124,84],{"class":83},[65,64126,369],{"class":87},[65,64128,84],{"class":83},[65,64130,93],{"class":79},[65,64132,103],{"class":83},[65,64134,8072],{"class":87},[65,64136,84],{"class":83},[65,64138,100],{"class":79},[65,64140,103],{"class":83},[65,64142,20006],{"class":87},[65,64144,84],{"class":83},[65,64146,93],{"class":79},[65,64148,103],{"class":83},[65,64150,22355],{"class":87},[65,64152,84],{"class":83},[65,64154,130],{"class":79},[65,64156,64157,64159,64161,64163,64165,64167,64169,64171],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,64158,165],{"class":164},[65,64160,168],{"class":79},[65,64162,8244],{"class":1368},[65,64164,168],{"class":79},[65,64166,13755],{"class":147},[65,64168,144],{"class":79},[65,64170,7960],{"class":147},[65,64172,6443],{"class":79},[20,64174,191],{},[56,64176,64178],{"className":58,"code":64177,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64179,64180],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64181,64182,64184,64186,64188,64190,64192,64194,64196,64198,64200,64202,64204,64206,64208,64210,64212,64214,64216],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64183,21852],{"class":79},[65,64185,203],{"class":83},[65,64187,369],{"class":87},[65,64189,203],{"class":83},[65,64191,100],{"class":79},[65,64193,233],{"class":83},[65,64195,8072],{"class":87},[65,64197,203],{"class":83},[65,64199,9383],{"class":79},[65,64201,648],{"class":79},[65,64203,203],{"class":83},[65,64205,20006],{"class":87},[65,64207,203],{"class":83},[65,64209,100],{"class":79},[65,64211,233],{"class":83},[65,64213,22355],{"class":87},[65,64215,203],{"class":83},[65,64217,9398],{"class":79},[20,64219,64220],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[51,64222,64224],{"id":64223},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64226,1309,64227,10745],{},[15,64228,24888],{},[30,64230,64231,64239,64248],{},[33,64232,64233,64234,3024,64236],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64235,52576],{},[15,64237,64238],{},"sort()",[33,64240,64241,64242,3024,64244,64247],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64243,36113],{},[15,64245,64246],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[33,64249,64250],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64252,45961,64253,93],{},[15,64254,64246],{},[56,64256,64258],{"className":58,"code":64257,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64259,64260,64284,64300,64304,64327],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64261,64262,64264,64266,64268,64270,64272,64274,64276,64278,64280,64282],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64263,5150],{"class":71},[65,64265,76],{"class":75},[65,64267,3773],{"class":79},[65,64269,84],{"class":83},[65,64271,542],{"class":87},[65,64273,84],{"class":83},[65,64275,100],{"class":79},[65,64277,103],{"class":83},[65,64279,35855],{"class":87},[65,64281,84],{"class":83},[65,64283,3786],{"class":79},[65,64285,64286,64288,64290,64292,64294,64296,64298],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,64287,519],{"class":71},[65,64289,76],{"class":75},[65,64291,3773],{"class":79},[65,64293,13631],{"class":96},[65,64295,100],{"class":79},[65,64297,13636],{"class":96},[65,64299,3786],{"class":79},[65,64301,64302],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,64303,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,64305,64306,64308,64310,64312,64314,64317,64319,64321,64323,64325],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,64307,9365],{"class":71},[65,64309,76],{"class":75},[65,64311,22667],{"class":1368},[65,64313,168],{"class":79},[65,64315,64316],{"class":164},"zip",[65,64318,168],{"class":79},[65,64320,5193],{"class":147},[65,64322,100],{"class":79},[65,64324,579],{"class":147},[65,64326,1870],{"class":79},[65,64328,64329,64331,64333,64335],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,64330,165],{"class":164},[65,64332,168],{"class":79},[65,64334,9411],{"class":147},[65,64336,174],{"class":79},[20,64338,191],{},[56,64340,64342],{"className":58,"code":64341,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64343,64344],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64345,64346,64348,64350,64352,64354,64356,64358,64360,64362,64364,64366,64368,64370,64372],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64347,21852],{"class":79},[65,64349,203],{"class":83},[65,64351,542],{"class":87},[65,64353,203],{"class":83},[65,64355,100],{"class":79},[65,64357,20013],{"class":96},[65,64359,9383],{"class":79},[65,64361,648],{"class":79},[65,64363,203],{"class":83},[65,64365,35855],{"class":87},[65,64367,203],{"class":83},[65,64369,100],{"class":79},[65,64371,13636],{"class":96},[65,64373,9398],{"class":79},[20,64375,64376,64377,64379,64380,144],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64378,52576],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[88,64381,52973],{"href":52972},[51,64383,4675],{"id":4674},[20,64385,56700,64386,144],{},[15,64387,24888],{},[1059,64389,64391],{"id":64390},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64393,4682],{},[56,64395,64397],{"className":58,"code":64396,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64398,64399,64403],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64400,64401],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64402,4692],{"class":3816},[65,64404,64405,64407,64409,64411,64413,64415,64417,64419],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,64406,8244],{"class":1368},[65,64408,168],{"class":79},[65,64410,3135],{"class":96},[65,64412,100],{"class":79},[65,64414,113],{"class":96},[65,64416,100],{"class":79},[65,64418,127],{"class":96},[65,64420,174],{"class":79},[20,64422,64423,64425],{},[15,64424,24888],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64427,18810],{},[56,64429,64431],{"className":58,"code":64430,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64432,64433],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64434,64435,64437,64439,64441,64443,64445,64447,64449,64451,64453],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64436,165],{"class":164},[65,64438,168],{"class":79},[65,64440,8244],{"class":1368},[65,64442,5662],{"class":79},[65,64444,3135],{"class":96},[65,64446,100],{"class":79},[65,64448,113],{"class":96},[65,64450,100],{"class":79},[65,64452,127],{"class":96},[65,64454,3058],{"class":79},[1059,64456,64458,64459],{"id":64457},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[65,64460,64461],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64463,64464],{},"This is a common surprise:",[56,64466,64468],{"className":58,"code":64467,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64469,64470],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64471,64472,64474,64476,64478,64480,64482,64484,64486],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64473,165],{"class":164},[65,64475,168],{"class":79},[65,64477,8244],{"class":1368},[65,64479,168],{"class":79},[65,64481,84],{"class":83},[65,64483,3998],{"class":87},[65,64485,84],{"class":83},[65,64487,1870],{"class":79},[20,64489,191],{},[56,64491,64493],{"className":58,"code":64492,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64494,64495],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64496,64497,64499,64501,64503,64505,64507,64509,64511,64513,64515,64517,64519,64521,64523,64525,64527,64529,64531,64533,64535,64537],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64498,4054],{"class":79},[65,64500,203],{"class":83},[65,64502,60364],{"class":87},[65,64504,203],{"class":83},[65,64506,100],{"class":79},[65,64508,233],{"class":83},[65,64510,60373],{"class":87},[65,64512,203],{"class":83},[65,64514,100],{"class":79},[65,64516,233],{"class":83},[65,64518,60382],{"class":87},[65,64520,203],{"class":83},[65,64522,100],{"class":79},[65,64524,233],{"class":83},[65,64526,60382],{"class":87},[65,64528,203],{"class":83},[65,64530,100],{"class":79},[65,64532,233],{"class":83},[65,64534,60399],{"class":87},[65,64536,203],{"class":83},[65,64538,3786],{"class":79},[20,64540,64541],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64543,64544],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[56,64546,64548],{"className":58,"code":64547,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64549,64550],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64551,64552,64554,64556,64558,64560,64562],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64553,165],{"class":164},[65,64555,3132],{"class":79},[65,64557,84],{"class":83},[65,64559,3998],{"class":87},[65,64561,84],{"class":83},[65,64563,4042],{"class":79},[1059,64565,64567],{"id":64566},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64569,64570],{},"This:",[56,64572,64574],{"className":58,"code":64573,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64575,64576,64608],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64577,64578,64580,64582,64584,64586,64588,64590,64592,64594,64596,64598,64600,64602,64604,64606],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64579,72],{"class":71},[65,64581,76],{"class":75},[65,64583,80],{"class":79},[65,64585,84],{"class":83},[65,64587,88],{"class":87},[65,64589,84],{"class":83},[65,64591,93],{"class":79},[65,64593,97],{"class":96},[65,64595,100],{"class":79},[65,64597,103],{"class":83},[65,64599,106],{"class":87},[65,64601,84],{"class":83},[65,64603,93],{"class":79},[65,64605,113],{"class":96},[65,64607,130],{"class":79},[65,64609,64610,64612,64614,64616,64618,64620],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,64611,165],{"class":164},[65,64613,168],{"class":79},[65,64615,8244],{"class":1368},[65,64617,168],{"class":79},[65,64619,184],{"class":147},[65,64621,1870],{"class":79},[20,64623,64624],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64626,1309,64627,64630],{},[15,64628,64629],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1059,64632,64634],{"id":64633},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64636,64637,64639],{},[15,64638,24888],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64641,64642],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[51,64644,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,64646,5330,64648,64650],{"id":64647},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[65,64649],{}," and list()?",[20,64652,64653,64654,64656,64657,64659],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64655,3939],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64658,24888],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1059,64661,64663],{"id":64662},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64665,64666,64667,64669],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64668,24888],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1059,64671,64673],{"id":64672},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64675,64676],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1059,64678,64680],{"id":64679},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64682,64683],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1059,64685,64687],{"id":64686},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64689,64690,64691,64693],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64692,24888],{}," cannot loop through it.",[51,64695,2015],{"id":2014},[30,64697,64698,64702,64707,64711,64715,64719,64723,64728],{},[33,64699,64700],{},[88,64701,52695],{"href":50902},[33,64703,64704],{},[88,64705,64706],{"href":36110},"Python range() function explained",[33,64708,64709],{},[88,64710,63144],{"href":63143},[33,64712,64713],{},[88,64714,63476],{"href":63475},[33,64716,64717],{},[88,64718,5367],{"href":5738},[33,64720,64721],{},[88,64722,13920],{"href":13919},[33,64724,64725],{},[88,64726,64727],{"href":52523},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[33,64729,64730],{},[88,64731,54202],{"href":52972},[2071,64733,64734],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":64736},[64737,64738,64739,64740,64741,64748,64749,64750,64755,64756,64763,64771],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":62846,"depth":133,"text":62847},{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":59545,"depth":133,"text":59546},{"id":63074,"depth":133,"text":63075,"children":64742},[64743,64744,64745,64746,64747],{"id":63078,"depth":154,"text":63079},{"id":63147,"depth":154,"text":63148},{"id":63225,"depth":154,"text":63226},{"id":63300,"depth":154,"text":63301},{"id":63367,"depth":154,"text":63368},{"id":63479,"depth":133,"text":63480},{"id":63615,"depth":133,"text":63616},{"id":63915,"depth":133,"text":63916,"children":64751},[64752,64753,64754],{"id":63924,"depth":154,"text":63925},{"id":64014,"depth":154,"text":64015},{"id":64108,"depth":154,"text":64109},{"id":64223,"depth":133,"text":64224},{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675,"children":64757},[64758,64759,64761,64762],{"id":64390,"depth":154,"text":64391},{"id":64457,"depth":154,"text":64760},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64566,"depth":154,"text":64567},{"id":64633,"depth":154,"text":64634},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":64764},[64765,64767,64768,64769,64770],{"id":64647,"depth":154,"text":64766},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64662,"depth":154,"text":64663},{"id":64672,"depth":154,"text":64673},{"id":64679,"depth":154,"text":64680},{"id":64686,"depth":154,"text":64687},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62680,"description":64772},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64779,"title":64780,"body":64781,"description":66132,"extension":2111,"meta":66133,"navigation":157,"path":66134,"seo":66135,"stem":66136,"__hash__":66137},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64782,"toc":66106},[64783,64788,64794,64803,64805,64878,64887,64892,64896,64912,64916,64918,64920,64939,64942,64970,64973,64998,65006,65008,65013,65020,65022,65079,65081,65089,65095,65099,65102,65175,65177,65185,65188,65211,65218,65224,65228,65234,65305,65307,65315,65324,65331,65338,65346,65490,65492,65509,65512,65551,65554,65558,65563,65565,65624,65630,65633,65740,65742,65757,65760,65767,65769,65773,65921,65924,65985,65988,65991,66012,66017,66021,66032,66035,66037,66042,66045,66053,66058,66064,66067,66073,66081,66083,66103],[10,64784,54266,64786,18],{"id":64785},"python-list-index-method",[15,64787,58893],{},[20,64789,64790,64793],{},[15,64791,64792],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64795,64796,64797,64800,64801,144],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[46,64798,64799],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64802,40622],{},[51,64804,3758],{"id":3757},[56,64806,64808],{"className":58,"code":64807,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64809,64810,64842,64865],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64811,64812,64814,64816,64818,64820,64822,64824,64826,64828,64830,64832,64834,64836,64838,64840],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64813,7929],{"class":71},[65,64815,76],{"class":75},[65,64817,3773],{"class":79},[65,64819,84],{"class":83},[65,64821,4234],{"class":87},[65,64823,84],{"class":83},[65,64825,100],{"class":79},[65,64827,103],{"class":83},[65,64829,4243],{"class":87},[65,64831,84],{"class":83},[65,64833,100],{"class":79},[65,64835,103],{"class":83},[65,64837,4252],{"class":87},[65,64839,84],{"class":83},[65,64841,3786],{"class":79},[65,64843,64844,64847,64849,64851,64853,64855,64857,64859,64861,64863],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,64845,64846],{"class":71},"position ",[65,64848,76],{"class":75},[65,64850,6118],{"class":71},[65,64852,144],{"class":79},[65,64854,35760],{"class":147},[65,64856,168],{"class":79},[65,64858,84],{"class":83},[65,64860,4243],{"class":87},[65,64862,84],{"class":83},[65,64864,174],{"class":79},[65,64866,64867,64869,64871,64874,64876],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,64868,165],{"class":164},[65,64870,168],{"class":79},[65,64872,64873],{"class":147},"position",[65,64875,3813],{"class":79},[65,64877,27883],{"class":3816},[20,64879,1309,64880,64883,64884,64886],{},[15,64881,64882],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64885,40622],{}," if the item is not found.",[51,64888,252,64890,255],{"id":64889},"what-listindex-does",[15,64891,64792],{},[20,64893,64894,93],{},[15,64895,64792],{},[30,64897,64898,64901,64904,64909],{},[33,64899,64900],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[33,64902,64903],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[33,64905,64906,64907],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64908,2267],{},[33,64910,64911],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64913,54491,64914,144],{},[88,64915,52695],{"href":54494},[51,64917,283],{"id":282},[20,64919,30635],{},[56,64921,64923],{"className":58,"code":64922,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64924,64925],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64926,64927,64929,64931,64933,64935,64937],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64928,8490],{"class":71},[65,64930,144],{"class":79},[65,64932,35760],{"class":147},[65,64934,168],{"class":79},[65,64936,1714],{"class":147},[65,64938,174],{"class":79},[20,64940,64941],{},"You can also limit the search:",[56,64943,64945],{"className":58,"code":64944,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64946,64947],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,64948,64949,64951,64953,64955,64957,64959,64961,64963,64965,64968],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,64950,8490],{"class":71},[65,64952,144],{"class":79},[65,64954,35760],{"class":147},[65,64956,168],{"class":79},[65,64958,1714],{"class":147},[65,64960,100],{"class":79},[65,64962,35966],{"class":147},[65,64964,100],{"class":79},[65,64966,64967],{"class":147}," end",[65,64969,174],{"class":79},[20,64971,64972],{},"Here is what each part means:",[30,64974,64975,64980,64985,64990],{},[33,64976,64977,64979],{},[15,64978,1714],{},": the item to search for",[33,64981,64982,64984],{},[15,64983,35987],{},": where the search begins",[33,64986,64987,64989],{},[15,64988,52584],{},": where the search stops",[33,64991,64992,4939,64994,64997],{},[15,64993,52584],{},[46,64995,64996],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64999,65000,65001,65003,65004,144],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65002,35987],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65005,52584],{},[51,65007,37937],{"id":37936},[20,65009,65010,65012],{},[15,65011,64792],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65014,65015,65016,65019],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[46,65017,65018],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65021,350],{},[56,65023,65025],{"className":58,"code":65024,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65026,65027,65047,65065,65069],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65028,65029,65031,65033,65035,65037,65039,65041,65043,65045],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65030,3768],{"class":71},[65,65032,76],{"class":75},[65,65034,3773],{"class":79},[65,65036,2476],{"class":96},[65,65038,100],{"class":79},[65,65040,7940],{"class":96},[65,65042,100],{"class":79},[65,65044,7945],{"class":96},[65,65046,3786],{"class":79},[65,65048,65049,65051,65053,65055,65057,65059,65061,65063],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,65050,401],{"class":71},[65,65052,76],{"class":75},[65,65054,4419],{"class":71},[65,65056,144],{"class":79},[65,65058,35760],{"class":147},[65,65060,168],{"class":79},[65,65062,15876],{"class":96},[65,65064,174],{"class":79},[65,65066,65067],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,65068,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,65070,65071,65073,65075,65077],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,65072,165],{"class":164},[65,65074,168],{"class":79},[65,65076,425],{"class":147},[65,65078,174],{"class":79},[20,65080,191],{},[56,65082,65083],{"className":58,"code":46838,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,65084,65085],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65086,65087],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65088,46838],{"class":96},[20,65090,65091,65092,65094],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65093,58893],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[51,65096,65098],{"id":65097},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65100,65101],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[56,65103,65105],{"className":58,"code":65104,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65106,65107,65139,65161,65165],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65108,65109,65111,65113,65115,65117,65119,65121,65123,65125,65127,65129,65131,65133,65135,65137],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65110,36154],{"class":71},[65,65112,76],{"class":75},[65,65114,3773],{"class":79},[65,65116,84],{"class":83},[65,65118,4234],{"class":87},[65,65120,84],{"class":83},[65,65122,100],{"class":79},[65,65124,103],{"class":83},[65,65126,4243],{"class":87},[65,65128,84],{"class":83},[65,65130,100],{"class":79},[65,65132,103],{"class":83},[65,65134,4252],{"class":87},[65,65136,84],{"class":83},[65,65138,3786],{"class":79},[65,65140,65141,65143,65145,65147,65149,65151,65153,65155,65157,65159],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,65142,64846],{"class":71},[65,65144,76],{"class":75},[65,65146,52775],{"class":71},[65,65148,144],{"class":79},[65,65150,35760],{"class":147},[65,65152,168],{"class":79},[65,65154,84],{"class":83},[65,65156,4252],{"class":87},[65,65158,84],{"class":83},[65,65160,174],{"class":79},[65,65162,65163],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,65164,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,65166,65167,65169,65171,65173],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,65168,165],{"class":164},[65,65170,168],{"class":79},[65,65172,64873],{"class":147},[65,65174,174],{"class":79},[20,65176,191],{},[56,65178,65179],{"className":58,"code":17177,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,65180,65181],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65182,65183],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65184,17177],{"class":96},[20,65186,65187],{},"In this list:",[30,65189,65190,65197,65204],{},[33,65191,65192,65194,65195],{},[15,65193,57758],{}," is at index ",[15,65196,2267],{},[33,65198,65199,65194,65202],{},[15,65200,65201],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65203,3135],{},[33,65205,65206,65194,65209],{},[15,65207,65208],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65210,2204],{},[20,65212,53577,65213,2543,65216,144],{},[15,65214,65215],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65217,2204],{},[20,65219,51466,65220,144],{},[88,65221,65223],{"href":65222},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[51,65225,65227],{"id":65226},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65229,65230,65231,65233],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65232,58893],{}," returns the first match only.",[56,65235,65237],{"className":58,"code":65236,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65238,65239,65279,65283],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65240,65241,65243,65245,65247,65249,65251,65253,65255,65257,65259,65261,65263,65265,65267,65269,65271,65273,65275,65277],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65242,13206],{"class":71},[65,65244,76],{"class":75},[65,65246,3773],{"class":79},[65,65248,84],{"class":83},[65,65250,13223],{"class":87},[65,65252,84],{"class":83},[65,65254,100],{"class":79},[65,65256,103],{"class":83},[65,65258,13240],{"class":87},[65,65260,84],{"class":83},[65,65262,100],{"class":79},[65,65264,103],{"class":83},[65,65266,13223],{"class":87},[65,65268,84],{"class":83},[65,65270,100],{"class":79},[65,65272,103],{"class":83},[65,65274,17570],{"class":87},[65,65276,84],{"class":83},[65,65278,3786],{"class":79},[65,65280,65281],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,65282,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,65284,65285,65287,65289,65291,65293,65295,65297,65299,65301,65303],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,65286,165],{"class":164},[65,65288,168],{"class":79},[65,65290,17617],{"class":147},[65,65292,144],{"class":79},[65,65294,35760],{"class":147},[65,65296,168],{"class":79},[65,65298,84],{"class":83},[65,65300,13223],{"class":87},[65,65302,84],{"class":83},[65,65304,1870],{"class":79},[20,65306,191],{},[56,65308,65309],{"className":58,"code":47173,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,65310,65311],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65312,65313],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65314,47173],{"class":96},[20,65316,21093,65317,65320,65321,65323],{},[15,65318,65319],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65322,2267],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65325,65326,65327,144],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[88,65328,55444,65329,10885],{"href":58952},[15,65330,57215],{},[51,65332,8569,65334,1048,65336],{"id":65333},"using-start-and-end",[15,65335,35987],{},[15,65337,52584],{},[20,65339,65340,65341,1048,65343,65345],{},"The optional ",[15,65342,35987],{},[15,65344,52584],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[56,65347,65349],{"className":58,"code":65348,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65350,65351,65399,65403,65428,65457],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65352,65353,65355,65357,65359,65361,65363,65365,65367,65369,65371,65373,65375,65377,65379,65381,65383,65385,65387,65389,65391,65393,65395,65397],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65354,36005],{"class":71},[65,65356,76],{"class":75},[65,65358,3773],{"class":79},[65,65360,84],{"class":83},[65,65362,88],{"class":87},[65,65364,84],{"class":83},[65,65366,100],{"class":79},[65,65368,103],{"class":83},[65,65370,106],{"class":87},[65,65372,84],{"class":83},[65,65374,100],{"class":79},[65,65376,103],{"class":83},[65,65378,120],{"class":87},[65,65380,84],{"class":83},[65,65382,100],{"class":79},[65,65384,103],{"class":83},[65,65386,106],{"class":87},[65,65388,84],{"class":83},[65,65390,100],{"class":79},[65,65392,103],{"class":83},[65,65394,18883],{"class":87},[65,65396,84],{"class":83},[65,65398,3786],{"class":79},[65,65400,65401],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,65402,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,65404,65405,65407,65409,65411,65413,65415,65417,65419,65421,65423,65425],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,65406,165],{"class":164},[65,65408,168],{"class":79},[65,65410,36058],{"class":147},[65,65412,144],{"class":79},[65,65414,35760],{"class":147},[65,65416,168],{"class":79},[65,65418,84],{"class":83},[65,65420,106],{"class":87},[65,65422,84],{"class":83},[65,65424,5513],{"class":79},[65,65426,65427],{"class":3816},"        # first match\n",[65,65429,65430,65432,65434,65436,65438,65440,65442,65444,65446,65448,65450,65452,65454],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,65431,165],{"class":164},[65,65433,168],{"class":79},[65,65435,36058],{"class":147},[65,65437,144],{"class":79},[65,65439,35760],{"class":147},[65,65441,168],{"class":79},[65,65443,84],{"class":83},[65,65445,106],{"class":87},[65,65447,84],{"class":83},[65,65449,100],{"class":79},[65,65451,113],{"class":96},[65,65453,5513],{"class":79},[65,65455,65456],{"class":3816},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[65,65458,65459,65461,65463,65465,65467,65469,65471,65473,65475,65477,65479,65481,65483,65485,65487],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,65460,165],{"class":164},[65,65462,168],{"class":79},[65,65464,36058],{"class":147},[65,65466,144],{"class":79},[65,65468,35760],{"class":147},[65,65470,168],{"class":79},[65,65472,84],{"class":83},[65,65474,106],{"class":87},[65,65476,84],{"class":83},[65,65478,100],{"class":79},[65,65480,97],{"class":96},[65,65482,100],{"class":79},[65,65484,2602],{"class":96},[65,65486,5513],{"class":79},[65,65488,65489],{"class":3816},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65491,191],{},[56,65493,65495],{"className":58,"code":65494,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65496,65497,65501,65505],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65498,65499],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65500,46838],{"class":96},[65,65502,65503],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,65504,46538],{"class":96},[65,65506,65507],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,65508,46838],{"class":96},[20,65510,65511],{},"How this works:",[30,65513,65514,65526,65539],{},[33,65515,65516,65519,65520,65523,65524],{},[15,65517,65518],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65521,65522],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65525,3135],{},[33,65527,65528,65531,65532,65534,65535,65523,65537],{},[15,65529,65530],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65533,2204],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65536,65522],{},[15,65538,2210],{},[33,65540,65541,65544,65545,1028,65547,1035,65549],{},[15,65542,65543],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65546,3135],{},[15,65548,2204],{},[15,65550,2210],{},[20,65552,65553],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[51,65555,65557],{"id":65556},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65559,65560,65561,144],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65562,40622],{},[20,65564,350],{},[56,65566,65568],{"className":58,"code":65567,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65569,65570,65602],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65571,65572,65574,65576,65578,65580,65582,65584,65586,65588,65590,65592,65594,65596,65598,65600],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65573,7929],{"class":71},[65,65575,76],{"class":75},[65,65577,3773],{"class":79},[65,65579,84],{"class":83},[65,65581,4234],{"class":87},[65,65583,84],{"class":83},[65,65585,100],{"class":79},[65,65587,103],{"class":83},[65,65589,4243],{"class":87},[65,65591,84],{"class":83},[65,65593,100],{"class":79},[65,65595,103],{"class":83},[65,65597,4252],{"class":87},[65,65599,84],{"class":83},[65,65601,3786],{"class":79},[65,65603,65604,65606,65608,65610,65612,65614,65616,65618,65620,65622],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,65605,165],{"class":164},[65,65607,168],{"class":79},[65,65609,7960],{"class":147},[65,65611,144],{"class":79},[65,65613,35760],{"class":147},[65,65615,168],{"class":79},[65,65617,84],{"class":83},[65,65619,33132],{"class":87},[65,65621,84],{"class":83},[65,65623,1870],{"class":79},[20,65625,39571,65626,65629],{},[15,65627,65628],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65631,65632],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[56,65634,65636],{"className":58,"code":65635,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65637,65638,65670,65683,65687,65700,65719,65725],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65639,65640,65642,65644,65646,65648,65650,65652,65654,65656,65658,65660,65662,65664,65666,65668],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65641,7929],{"class":71},[65,65643,76],{"class":75},[65,65645,3773],{"class":79},[65,65647,84],{"class":83},[65,65649,4234],{"class":87},[65,65651,84],{"class":83},[65,65653,100],{"class":79},[65,65655,103],{"class":83},[65,65657,4243],{"class":87},[65,65659,84],{"class":83},[65,65661,100],{"class":79},[65,65663,103],{"class":83},[65,65665,4252],{"class":87},[65,65667,84],{"class":83},[65,65669,3786],{"class":79},[65,65671,65672,65675,65677,65679,65681],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,65673,65674],{"class":71},"search_value ",[65,65676,76],{"class":75},[65,65678,103],{"class":83},[65,65680,33132],{"class":87},[65,65682,1650],{"class":83},[65,65684,65685],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,65686,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,65688,65689,65691,65694,65696,65698],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,65690,1406],{"class":1405},[65,65692,65693],{"class":71}," search_value ",[65,65695,4036],{"class":75},[65,65697,6118],{"class":71},[65,65699,1411],{"class":79},[65,65701,65702,65704,65706,65708,65710,65712,65714,65717],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,65703,1431],{"class":164},[65,65705,168],{"class":79},[65,65707,7960],{"class":147},[65,65709,144],{"class":79},[65,65711,35760],{"class":147},[65,65713,168],{"class":79},[65,65715,65716],{"class":147},"search_value",[65,65718,1870],{"class":79},[65,65720,65721,65723],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,65722,1442],{"class":1405},[65,65724,1411],{"class":79},[65,65726,65727,65729,65731,65733,65736,65738],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,65728,1431],{"class":164},[65,65730,168],{"class":79},[65,65732,84],{"class":83},[65,65734,65735],{"class":87},"Item not found",[65,65737,84],{"class":83},[65,65739,174],{"class":79},[20,65741,191],{},[56,65743,65745],{"className":58,"code":65744,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Item not found\n",[15,65746,65747],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65748,65749,65752,65754],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65750,65751],{"class":71},"Item ",[65,65753,1014],{"class":75},[65,65755,65756],{"class":71}," found\n",[20,65758,65759],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65761,65762,65763,144],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[88,65764,65766],{"href":65765},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[51,65768,4675],{"id":4674},[20,65770,21327,65771,93],{},[15,65772,64792],{},[30,65774,65775,65793,65805,65865],{},[33,65776,25881,65777,2543,65779,65782,65783,65785,65786,5311,65788,65790,65791,144],{},[15,65778,58893],{},[15,65780,65781],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9990,65784],{},"\nPython does ",[46,65787,1014],{},[15,65789,65781],{},". It raises ",[15,65792,40622],{},[33,65794,65795,65796,65798,65801,65802,65804],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9990,65797],{},[15,65799,65800],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65803,65201],{},", not the value itself.",[33,65806,8569,65807,11237,65810,65812,65814,65815,16776,65817,65840,16764,65842],{},[15,65808,65809],{},"index[]",[15,65811,58893],{},[9990,65813],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9990,65816],{},[56,65818,65820],{"className":58,"code":65819,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65821,65822],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65823,65824,65826,65828,65830,65832,65834,65836,65838],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65825,7960],{"class":71},[65,65827,144],{"class":79},[65,65829,35760],{"class":147},[65,65831,168],{"class":79},[65,65833,84],{"class":83},[65,65835,4243],{"class":87},[65,65837,84],{"class":83},[65,65839,174],{"class":79},[9990,65841],{},[56,65843,65845],{"className":58,"code":65844,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65846,65847],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65848,65849,65851,65853,65855,65857,65859,65861,65863],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65850,7960],{"class":71},[65,65852,144],{"class":79},[65,65854,35760],{"class":24857},[65,65856,4054],{"class":79},[65,65858,84],{"class":83},[65,65860,4243],{"class":87},[65,65862,84],{"class":83},[65,65864,3786],{"class":79},[33,65866,65867,65868,65870,1048,65873,65875,65876],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9990,65869],{},[15,65871,65872],{},"\"3\"",[15,65874,2210],{}," are different values in Python.",[56,65877,65879],{"className":58,"code":65878,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65880,65881,65901],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65882,65883,65885,65887,65889,65891,65893,65895,65897,65899],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65884,3768],{"class":71},[65,65886,76],{"class":75},[65,65888,3773],{"class":79},[65,65890,3135],{"class":96},[65,65892,100],{"class":79},[65,65894,113],{"class":96},[65,65896,100],{"class":79},[65,65898,127],{"class":96},[65,65900,3786],{"class":79},[65,65902,65903,65905,65907,65909,65911,65913,65915,65917,65919],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,65904,165],{"class":164},[65,65906,168],{"class":79},[65,65908,84],{"class":83},[65,65910,2210],{"class":87},[65,65912,84],{"class":83},[65,65914,21289],{"class":1405},[65,65916,4419],{"class":147},[65,65918,3813],{"class":79},[65,65920,4927],{"class":3816},[20,65922,65923],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[56,65925,65927],{"className":58,"code":65926,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65928,65929,65939,65953,65967],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,65930,65931,65933,65935,65937],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,65932,165],{"class":164},[65,65934,168],{"class":79},[65,65936,8490],{"class":147},[65,65938,174],{"class":79},[65,65940,65941,65943,65945,65947,65949,65951],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,65942,165],{"class":164},[65,65944,168],{"class":79},[65,65946,3370],{"class":1368},[65,65948,168],{"class":79},[65,65950,65716],{"class":147},[65,65952,1870],{"class":79},[65,65954,65955,65957,65959,65961,65963,65965],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,65956,165],{"class":164},[65,65958,168],{"class":79},[65,65960,65674],{"class":147},[65,65962,4036],{"class":1405},[65,65964,8547],{"class":147},[65,65966,174],{"class":79},[65,65968,65969,65971,65973,65975,65977,65979,65981,65983],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,65970,165],{"class":164},[65,65972,168],{"class":79},[65,65974,8490],{"class":147},[65,65976,144],{"class":79},[65,65978,35760],{"class":147},[65,65980,168],{"class":79},[65,65982,65716],{"class":147},[65,65984,1870],{"class":79},[20,65986,65987],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65989,65990],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[30,65992,65993,65996,66003,66009],{},[33,65994,65995],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[33,65997,65998,65999,11237,66001],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66000,65872],{},[15,66002,2210],{},[33,66004,66005,66006,66008],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66007,58893],{}," returns only the first one",[33,66010,66011],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[51,66013,1553,66015],{"id":66014},"when-to-use-index",[15,66016,58893],{},[20,66018,1309,66019,10745],{},[15,66020,58893],{},[30,66022,66023,66026,66029],{},[33,66024,66025],{},"You need the position of a known value",[33,66027,66028],{},"You are working with a small list",[33,66030,66031],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66033,66034],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[51,66036,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,66038,1953,66040,1956],{"id":66039},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66041,64792],{},[20,66043,66044],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1059,66046,1966,66048,5311,66050,66052],{"id":66047},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66049,64792],{},[15,66051,65781],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66054,66055,66056,328],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66057,40622],{},[1059,66059,5320,66061,66063],{"id":66060},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66062,64792],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66065,66066],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1059,66068,66070,66071,2637],{"id":66069},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66072,58893],{},[20,66074,66075,66076,1048,66078,66080],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66077,35987],{},[15,66079,52584],{}," arguments.",[51,66082,2015],{"id":2014},[30,66084,66085,66089,66093,66097],{},[33,66086,66087],{},[88,66088,58881],{"href":65222},[33,66090,66091],{},[88,66092,52695],{"href":54494},[33,66094,66095],{},[88,66096,65766],{"href":65765},[33,66098,66099],{},[88,66100,55444,66101,10885],{"href":58952},[15,66102,57215],{},[2071,66104,66105],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":66107},[66108,66109,66111,66112,66113,66114,66115,66117,66118,66119,66121,66131],{"id":3757,"depth":133,"text":3758},{"id":64889,"depth":133,"text":66110},"What list.index() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":37936,"depth":133,"text":37937},{"id":65097,"depth":133,"text":65098},{"id":65226,"depth":133,"text":65227},{"id":65333,"depth":133,"text":66116},"Using start and end",{"id":65556,"depth":133,"text":65557},{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675},{"id":66014,"depth":133,"text":66120},"When to use index()",{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":66122},[66123,66125,66127,66129],{"id":66039,"depth":154,"text":66124},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66047,"depth":154,"text":66126},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66060,"depth":154,"text":66128},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66069,"depth":154,"text":66130},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64780,"description":66132},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66139,"title":66140,"body":66141,"description":68083,"extension":2111,"meta":68084,"navigation":157,"path":68085,"seo":68086,"stem":68087,"__hash__":68088},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66142,"toc":68043},[66143,66148,66153,66156,66165,66222,66228,66233,66237,66251,66257,66259,66282,66299,66301,66362,66364,66396,66409,66411,66414,66514,66516,66594,66600,66604,66612,66616,66622,66677,66679,66703,66707,66710,66763,66765,66789,66793,66796,66849,66851,66875,66879,66885,66956,66958,66999,67005,67012,67015,67020,67028,67033,67041,67043,67140,67142,67211,67218,67223,67225,67229,67234,67236,67307,67309,67338,67344,67346,67373,67376,67399,67403,67406,67428,67431,67454,67456,67516,67518,67550,67556,67561,67614,67616,67641,67644,67693,67695,67716,67720,67725,67728,67783,67785,67812,67819,67823,67828,67899,67902,67916,67921,67926,67928,67942,67954,67959,67961,67966,67971,67975,67978,67984,67990,67997,68005,68007,68040],[10,66144,54266,66146,18],{"id":66145},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66147,54192],{},[20,66149,66150,66152],{},[15,66151,53835],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66154,66155],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66157,1309,66158,66160,66161,144],{},[15,66159,54192],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[88,66162,55444,66163,10885],{"href":56693},[15,66164,52576],{},[56,66166,66168],{"className":58,"code":66167,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66169,66170,66190,66208,66218],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66171,66172,66174,66176,66178,66180,66182,66184,66186,66188],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66173,3768],{"class":71},[65,66175,76],{"class":75},[65,66177,3773],{"class":79},[65,66179,3135],{"class":96},[65,66181,100],{"class":79},[65,66183,113],{"class":96},[65,66185,100],{"class":79},[65,66187,2602],{"class":96},[65,66189,3786],{"class":79},[65,66191,66192,66194,66196,66198,66200,66202,66204,66206],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,66193,3800],{"class":71},[65,66195,144],{"class":79},[65,66197,53875],{"class":147},[65,66199,168],{"class":79},[65,66201,2204],{"class":96},[65,66203,100],{"class":79},[65,66205,127],{"class":96},[65,66207,174],{"class":79},[65,66209,66210,66212,66214,66216],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,66211,165],{"class":164},[65,66213,168],{"class":79},[65,66215,3800],{"class":147},[65,66217,174],{"class":79},[65,66219,66220],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,66221,52647],{"class":3816},[20,66223,1309,66224,66227],{},[15,66225,66226],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[51,66229,252,66231,255],{"id":66230},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66232,53835],{},[20,66234,66235,93],{},[15,66236,53835],{},[30,66238,66239,66242,66245,66247],{},[33,66240,66241],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[33,66243,66244],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[33,66246,54352],{},[33,66248,11566,66249],{},[15,66250,3930],{},[20,66252,66253,66254,66256],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66255,54192],{}," does not create a new list.",[51,66258,5583],{"id":5582},[56,66260,66262],{"className":58,"code":66261,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66263,66264],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66265,66266,66268,66270,66272,66274,66276,66278,66280],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66267,8490],{"class":71},[65,66269,144],{"class":79},[65,66271,53875],{"class":147},[65,66273,168],{"class":79},[65,66275,35760],{"class":147},[65,66277,100],{"class":79},[65,66279,1178],{"class":147},[65,66281,174],{"class":79},[30,66283,66284,66289,66294],{},[33,66285,66286,66288],{},[15,66287,35760],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[33,66290,66291,66293],{},[15,66292,171],{}," is the value to add",[33,66295,66296,66297],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66298,2267],{},[20,66300,350],{},[56,66302,66304],{"className":58,"code":66303,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66305,66306,66330,66352],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66307,66308,66310,66312,66314,66316,66318,66320,66322,66324,66326,66328],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66309,36005],{"class":71},[65,66311,76],{"class":75},[65,66313,3773],{"class":79},[65,66315,84],{"class":83},[65,66317,88],{"class":87},[65,66319,84],{"class":83},[65,66321,100],{"class":79},[65,66323,103],{"class":83},[65,66325,120],{"class":87},[65,66327,84],{"class":83},[65,66329,3786],{"class":79},[65,66331,66332,66334,66336,66338,66340,66342,66344,66346,66348,66350],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,66333,36058],{"class":71},[65,66335,144],{"class":79},[65,66337,53875],{"class":147},[65,66339,168],{"class":79},[65,66341,3135],{"class":96},[65,66343,100],{"class":79},[65,66345,103],{"class":83},[65,66347,106],{"class":87},[65,66349,84],{"class":83},[65,66351,174],{"class":79},[65,66353,66354,66356,66358,66360],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,66355,165],{"class":164},[65,66357,168],{"class":79},[65,66359,36058],{"class":147},[65,66361,174],{"class":79},[20,66363,191],{},[56,66365,66366],{"className":58,"code":42795,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,66367,66368],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66369,66370,66372,66374,66376,66378,66380,66382,66384,66386,66388,66390,66392,66394],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66371,4054],{"class":79},[65,66373,203],{"class":83},[65,66375,88],{"class":87},[65,66377,203],{"class":83},[65,66379,100],{"class":79},[65,66381,233],{"class":83},[65,66383,106],{"class":87},[65,66385,203],{"class":83},[65,66387,100],{"class":79},[65,66389,233],{"class":83},[65,66391,120],{"class":87},[65,66393,203],{"class":83},[65,66395,3786],{"class":79},[20,66397,20886,66398,66400,66401,66403,66404,1048,66406,144],{},[15,66399,65522],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66402,3135],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66405,18211],{},[15,66407,66408],{},"\"c\"",[51,66410,5939],{"id":5938},[20,66412,66413],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[56,66415,66417],{"className":58,"code":66416,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66418,66419,66451,66469,66473,66495],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66420,66421,66423,66425,66427,66429,66431,66433,66435,66437,66439,66441,66443,66445,66447,66449],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66422,13206],{"class":71},[65,66424,76],{"class":75},[65,66426,3773],{"class":79},[65,66428,84],{"class":83},[65,66430,13223],{"class":87},[65,66432,84],{"class":83},[65,66434,100],{"class":79},[65,66436,103],{"class":83},[65,66438,13240],{"class":87},[65,66440,84],{"class":83},[65,66442,100],{"class":79},[65,66444,103],{"class":83},[65,66446,17570],{"class":87},[65,66448,84],{"class":83},[65,66450,3786],{"class":79},[65,66452,66453,66455,66457,66459,66461,66463,66465,66467],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,66454,165],{"class":164},[65,66456,168],{"class":79},[65,66458,84],{"class":83},[65,66460,11700],{"class":87},[65,66462,84],{"class":83},[65,66464,100],{"class":79},[65,66466,13254],{"class":147},[65,66468,174],{"class":79},[65,66470,66471],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,66472,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,66474,66475,66477,66479,66481,66483,66485,66487,66489,66491,66493],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,66476,17617],{"class":71},[65,66478,144],{"class":79},[65,66480,53875],{"class":147},[65,66482,168],{"class":79},[65,66484,3135],{"class":96},[65,66486,100],{"class":79},[65,66488,103],{"class":83},[65,66490,22631],{"class":87},[65,66492,84],{"class":83},[65,66494,174],{"class":79},[65,66496,66497,66499,66501,66503,66506,66508,66510,66512],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,66498,165],{"class":164},[65,66500,168],{"class":79},[65,66502,84],{"class":83},[65,66504,66505],{"class":87},"After: ",[65,66507,84],{"class":83},[65,66509,100],{"class":79},[65,66511,13254],{"class":147},[65,66513,174],{"class":79},[20,66515,191],{},[56,66517,66519],{"className":58,"code":66518,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66520,66521,66553],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66522,66523,66525,66527,66529,66531,66533,66535,66537,66539,66541,66543,66545,66547,66549,66551],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66524,11760],{"class":71},[65,66526,93],{"class":79},[65,66528,3773],{"class":79},[65,66530,203],{"class":83},[65,66532,13223],{"class":87},[65,66534,203],{"class":83},[65,66536,100],{"class":79},[65,66538,233],{"class":83},[65,66540,13240],{"class":87},[65,66542,203],{"class":83},[65,66544,100],{"class":79},[65,66546,233],{"class":83},[65,66548,17570],{"class":87},[65,66550,203],{"class":83},[65,66552,3786],{"class":79},[65,66554,66555,66557,66559,66562,66564,66566,66568,66570,66572,66574,66576,66578,66580,66582,66584,66586,66588,66590,66592],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,66556,11813],{"class":71},[65,66558,93],{"class":79},[65,66560,66561],{"class":79},"  [",[65,66563,203],{"class":83},[65,66565,13223],{"class":87},[65,66567,203],{"class":83},[65,66569,100],{"class":79},[65,66571,233],{"class":83},[65,66573,22631],{"class":87},[65,66575,203],{"class":83},[65,66577,100],{"class":79},[65,66579,233],{"class":83},[65,66581,13240],{"class":87},[65,66583,203],{"class":83},[65,66585,100],{"class":79},[65,66587,233],{"class":83},[65,66589,17570],{"class":87},[65,66591,203],{"class":83},[65,66593,3786],{"class":79},[20,66595,66596,66597,66599],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66598,3135],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[51,66601,66603],{"id":66602},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66605,22,66606,35243,66608,66611],{},[15,66607,35760],{},[15,66609,66610],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1059,66613,66615],{"id":66614},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66617,66618,66619,66621],{},"Use index ",[15,66620,2267],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[56,66623,66625],{"className":58,"code":66624,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66626,66627,66648,66667],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66628,66629,66632,66634,66636,66638,66640,66642,66644,66646],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66630,66631],{"class":71},"nums ",[65,66633,76],{"class":75},[65,66635,3773],{"class":79},[65,66637,2204],{"class":96},[65,66639,100],{"class":79},[65,66641,127],{"class":96},[65,66643,100],{"class":79},[65,66645,2602],{"class":96},[65,66647,3786],{"class":79},[65,66649,66650,66653,66655,66657,66659,66661,66663,66665],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,66651,66652],{"class":71},"nums",[65,66654,144],{"class":79},[65,66656,53875],{"class":147},[65,66658,168],{"class":79},[65,66660,2267],{"class":96},[65,66662,100],{"class":79},[65,66664,97],{"class":96},[65,66666,174],{"class":79},[65,66668,66669,66671,66673,66675],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,66670,165],{"class":164},[65,66672,168],{"class":79},[65,66674,66652],{"class":147},[65,66676,174],{"class":79},[20,66678,191],{},[56,66680,66681],{"className":58,"code":53429,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,66682,66683],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66684,66685,66687,66689,66691,66693,66695,66697,66699,66701],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66686,4054],{"class":79},[65,66688,3135],{"class":96},[65,66690,100],{"class":79},[65,66692,113],{"class":96},[65,66694,100],{"class":79},[65,66696,127],{"class":96},[65,66698,100],{"class":79},[65,66700,2602],{"class":96},[65,66702,3786],{"class":79},[1059,66704,66706],{"id":66705},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66708,66709],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[56,66711,66713],{"className":58,"code":66712,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66714,66715,66735,66753],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66716,66717,66719,66721,66723,66725,66727,66729,66731,66733],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66718,66631],{"class":71},[65,66720,76],{"class":75},[65,66722,3773],{"class":79},[65,66724,3135],{"class":96},[65,66726,100],{"class":79},[65,66728,113],{"class":96},[65,66730,100],{"class":79},[65,66732,2602],{"class":96},[65,66734,3786],{"class":79},[65,66736,66737,66739,66741,66743,66745,66747,66749,66751],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,66738,66652],{"class":71},[65,66740,144],{"class":79},[65,66742,53875],{"class":147},[65,66744,168],{"class":79},[65,66746,2204],{"class":96},[65,66748,100],{"class":79},[65,66750,127],{"class":96},[65,66752,174],{"class":79},[65,66754,66755,66757,66759,66761],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,66756,165],{"class":164},[65,66758,168],{"class":79},[65,66760,66652],{"class":147},[65,66762,174],{"class":79},[20,66764,191],{},[56,66766,66767],{"className":58,"code":53429,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,66768,66769],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66770,66771,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783,66785,66787],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66772,4054],{"class":79},[65,66774,3135],{"class":96},[65,66776,100],{"class":79},[65,66778,113],{"class":96},[65,66780,100],{"class":79},[65,66782,127],{"class":96},[65,66784,100],{"class":79},[65,66786,2602],{"class":96},[65,66788,3786],{"class":79},[1059,66790,66792],{"id":66791},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66794,66795],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[56,66797,66799],{"className":58,"code":66798,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66800,66801,66821,66839],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66802,66803,66805,66807,66809,66811,66813,66815,66817,66819],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66804,66631],{"class":71},[65,66806,76],{"class":75},[65,66808,3773],{"class":79},[65,66810,3135],{"class":96},[65,66812,100],{"class":79},[65,66814,113],{"class":96},[65,66816,100],{"class":79},[65,66818,127],{"class":96},[65,66820,3786],{"class":79},[65,66822,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831,66833,66835,66837],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,66824,66652],{"class":71},[65,66826,144],{"class":79},[65,66828,53875],{"class":147},[65,66830,168],{"class":79},[65,66832,2476],{"class":96},[65,66834,100],{"class":79},[65,66836,2602],{"class":96},[65,66838,174],{"class":79},[65,66840,66841,66843,66845,66847],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,66842,165],{"class":164},[65,66844,168],{"class":79},[65,66846,66652],{"class":147},[65,66848,174],{"class":79},[20,66850,191],{},[56,66852,66853],{"className":58,"code":53429,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,66854,66855],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66856,66857,66859,66861,66863,66865,66867,66869,66871,66873],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66858,4054],{"class":79},[65,66860,3135],{"class":96},[65,66862,100],{"class":79},[65,66864,113],{"class":96},[65,66866,100],{"class":79},[65,66868,127],{"class":96},[65,66870,100],{"class":79},[65,66872,2602],{"class":96},[65,66874,3786],{"class":79},[1059,66876,66878],{"id":66877},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66880,66881,66882,66884],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66883,54192],{}," places the item before that position.",[56,66886,66888],{"className":58,"code":66887,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66889,66890,66922,66946],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66891,66892,66894,66896,66898,66900,66902,66904,66906,66908,66910,66912,66914,66916,66918,66920],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66893,36005],{"class":71},[65,66895,76],{"class":75},[65,66897,3773],{"class":79},[65,66899,84],{"class":83},[65,66901,88],{"class":87},[65,66903,84],{"class":83},[65,66905,100],{"class":79},[65,66907,103],{"class":83},[65,66909,106],{"class":87},[65,66911,84],{"class":83},[65,66913,100],{"class":79},[65,66915,103],{"class":83},[65,66917,18883],{"class":87},[65,66919,84],{"class":83},[65,66921,3786],{"class":79},[65,66923,66924,66926,66928,66930,66932,66934,66936,66938,66940,66942,66944],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,66925,36058],{"class":71},[65,66927,144],{"class":79},[65,66929,53875],{"class":147},[65,66931,168],{"class":79},[65,66933,2169],{"class":75},[65,66935,3135],{"class":96},[65,66937,100],{"class":79},[65,66939,103],{"class":83},[65,66941,120],{"class":87},[65,66943,84],{"class":83},[65,66945,174],{"class":79},[65,66947,66948,66950,66952,66954],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,66949,165],{"class":164},[65,66951,168],{"class":79},[65,66953,36058],{"class":147},[65,66955,174],{"class":79},[20,66957,191],{},[56,66959,66961],{"className":58,"code":66960,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66962,66963],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,66964,66965,66967,66969,66971,66973,66975,66977,66979,66981,66983,66985,66987,66989,66991,66993,66995,66997],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,66966,4054],{"class":79},[65,66968,203],{"class":83},[65,66970,88],{"class":87},[65,66972,203],{"class":83},[65,66974,100],{"class":79},[65,66976,233],{"class":83},[65,66978,106],{"class":87},[65,66980,203],{"class":83},[65,66982,100],{"class":79},[65,66984,233],{"class":83},[65,66986,120],{"class":87},[65,66988,203],{"class":83},[65,66990,100],{"class":79},[65,66992,233],{"class":83},[65,66994,18883],{"class":87},[65,66996,203],{"class":83},[65,66998,3786],{"class":79},[20,67000,67001,67002,2449],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[88,67003,67004],{"href":50902},"Python lists beginner guide",[51,67006,67008,10729,67010],{"id":67007},"insert-vs-append",[15,67009,54192],{},[15,67011,52576],{},[20,67013,67014],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1059,67016,1309,67018,10745],{"id":67017},"use-insert-when",[15,67019,54192],{},[30,67021,67022,67025],{},[33,67023,67024],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[33,67026,67027],{},"The order of the list matters",[1059,67029,1309,67031,10745],{"id":67030},"use-append-when",[15,67032,52576],{},[30,67034,67035,67038],{},[33,67036,67037],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[33,67039,67040],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67042,350],{},[56,67044,67046],{"className":58,"code":67045,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67047,67048,67072,67076,67098,67108,67112,67130],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67049,67050,67052,67054,67056,67058,67060,67062,67064,67066,67068,67070],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67051,7929],{"class":71},[65,67053,76],{"class":75},[65,67055,3773],{"class":79},[65,67057,84],{"class":83},[65,67059,4234],{"class":87},[65,67061,84],{"class":83},[65,67063,100],{"class":79},[65,67065,103],{"class":83},[65,67067,33132],{"class":87},[65,67069,84],{"class":83},[65,67071,3786],{"class":79},[65,67073,67074],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,67075,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,67077,67078,67080,67082,67084,67086,67088,67090,67092,67094,67096],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,67079,7960],{"class":71},[65,67081,144],{"class":79},[65,67083,53875],{"class":147},[65,67085,168],{"class":79},[65,67087,3135],{"class":96},[65,67089,100],{"class":79},[65,67091,103],{"class":83},[65,67093,4243],{"class":87},[65,67095,84],{"class":83},[65,67097,174],{"class":79},[65,67099,67100,67102,67104,67106],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,67101,165],{"class":164},[65,67103,168],{"class":79},[65,67105,7960],{"class":147},[65,67107,174],{"class":79},[65,67109,67110],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,67111,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,67113,67114,67116,67118,67120,67122,67124,67126,67128],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,67115,7960],{"class":71},[65,67117,144],{"class":79},[65,67119,13682],{"class":147},[65,67121,168],{"class":79},[65,67123,84],{"class":83},[65,67125,22640],{"class":87},[65,67127,84],{"class":83},[65,67129,174],{"class":79},[65,67131,67132,67134,67136,67138],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,67133,165],{"class":164},[65,67135,168],{"class":79},[65,67137,7960],{"class":147},[65,67139,174],{"class":79},[20,67141,191],{},[56,67143,67145],{"className":58,"code":67144,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67146,67147,67175],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67148,67149,67151,67153,67155,67157,67159,67161,67163,67165,67167,67169,67171,67173],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67150,4054],{"class":79},[65,67152,203],{"class":83},[65,67154,4234],{"class":87},[65,67156,203],{"class":83},[65,67158,100],{"class":79},[65,67160,233],{"class":83},[65,67162,4243],{"class":87},[65,67164,203],{"class":83},[65,67166,100],{"class":79},[65,67168,233],{"class":83},[65,67170,33132],{"class":87},[65,67172,203],{"class":83},[65,67174,3786],{"class":79},[65,67176,67177,67179,67181,67183,67185,67187,67189,67191,67193,67195,67197,67199,67201,67203,67205,67207,67209],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,67178,4054],{"class":79},[65,67180,203],{"class":83},[65,67182,4234],{"class":87},[65,67184,203],{"class":83},[65,67186,100],{"class":79},[65,67188,233],{"class":83},[65,67190,4243],{"class":87},[65,67192,203],{"class":83},[65,67194,100],{"class":79},[65,67196,233],{"class":83},[65,67198,33132],{"class":87},[65,67200,203],{"class":83},[65,67202,100],{"class":79},[65,67204,233],{"class":83},[65,67206,22640],{"class":87},[65,67208,203],{"class":83},[65,67210,3786],{"class":79},[20,67212,67213,67214,144],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[88,67215,55444,67216,10885],{"href":56693},[15,67217,52576],{},[20,67219,67220,67221,144],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[88,67222,52973],{"href":52972},[51,67224,4675],{"id":4674},[20,67226,1769,67227,144],{},[15,67228,54192],{},[1059,67230,12728,67232],{"id":67231},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67233,54192],{},[20,67235,25797],{},[56,67237,67239],{"className":58,"code":67238,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67240,67241,67261,67283,67287,67297],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67242,67243,67245,67247,67249,67251,67253,67255,67257,67259],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67244,3768],{"class":71},[65,67246,76],{"class":75},[65,67248,3773],{"class":79},[65,67250,3135],{"class":96},[65,67252,100],{"class":79},[65,67254,113],{"class":96},[65,67256,100],{"class":79},[65,67258,127],{"class":96},[65,67260,3786],{"class":79},[65,67262,67263,67265,67267,67269,67271,67273,67275,67277,67279,67281],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,67264,401],{"class":71},[65,67266,76],{"class":75},[65,67268,4419],{"class":71},[65,67270,144],{"class":79},[65,67272,53875],{"class":147},[65,67274,168],{"class":79},[65,67276,3135],{"class":96},[65,67278,100],{"class":79},[65,67280,10341],{"class":96},[65,67282,174],{"class":79},[65,67284,67285],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,67286,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,67288,67289,67291,67293,67295],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,67290,165],{"class":164},[65,67292,168],{"class":79},[65,67294,425],{"class":147},[65,67296,174],{"class":79},[65,67298,67299,67301,67303,67305],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,67300,165],{"class":164},[65,67302,168],{"class":79},[65,67304,3800],{"class":147},[65,67306,174],{"class":79},[20,67308,191],{},[56,67310,67312],{"className":58,"code":67311,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67313,67314,67318],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67315,67316],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67317,11943],{"class":4005},[65,67319,67320,67322,67324,67326,67328,67330,67332,67334,67336],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,67321,4054],{"class":79},[65,67323,3135],{"class":96},[65,67325,100],{"class":79},[65,67327,10341],{"class":96},[65,67329,100],{"class":79},[65,67331,113],{"class":96},[65,67333,100],{"class":79},[65,67335,127],{"class":96},[65,67337,3786],{"class":79},[20,67339,67340,54077,67342,144],{},[15,67341,54192],{},[15,67343,3930],{},[20,67345,16764],{},[56,67347,67349],{"className":58,"code":67348,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67350,67351],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67352,67353,67355,67357,67359,67361,67363,67365,67367,67369,67371],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67354,55814],{"class":71},[65,67356,76],{"class":75},[65,67358,4419],{"class":71},[65,67360,144],{"class":79},[65,67362,53875],{"class":147},[65,67364,168],{"class":79},[65,67366,3135],{"class":96},[65,67368,100],{"class":79},[65,67370,10341],{"class":96},[65,67372,174],{"class":79},[20,67374,67375],{},"Right:",[56,67377,67379],{"className":58,"code":67378,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67380,67381],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67382,67383,67385,67387,67389,67391,67393,67395,67397],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67384,3800],{"class":71},[65,67386,144],{"class":79},[65,67388,53875],{"class":147},[65,67390,168],{"class":79},[65,67392,3135],{"class":96},[65,67394,100],{"class":79},[65,67396,10341],{"class":96},[65,67398,174],{"class":79},[1059,67400,67402],{"id":67401},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67404,67405],{},"The correct order is:",[56,67407,67408],{"className":58,"code":66261,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,67409,67410],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67411,67412,67414,67416,67418,67420,67422,67424,67426],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67413,8490],{"class":71},[65,67415,144],{"class":79},[65,67417,53875],{"class":147},[65,67419,168],{"class":79},[65,67421,35760],{"class":147},[65,67423,100],{"class":79},[65,67425,1178],{"class":147},[65,67427,174],{"class":79},[20,67429,67430],{},"Not:",[56,67432,67434],{"className":58,"code":67433,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67435,67436],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67437,67438,67440,67442,67444,67446,67448,67450,67452],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67439,8490],{"class":71},[65,67441,144],{"class":79},[65,67443,53875],{"class":147},[65,67445,168],{"class":79},[65,67447,171],{"class":147},[65,67449,100],{"class":79},[65,67451,35735],{"class":147},[65,67453,174],{"class":79},[20,67455,350],{},[56,67457,67458],{"className":58,"code":66303,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,67459,67460,67484,67506],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67461,67462,67464,67466,67468,67470,67472,67474,67476,67478,67480,67482],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67463,36005],{"class":71},[65,67465,76],{"class":75},[65,67467,3773],{"class":79},[65,67469,84],{"class":83},[65,67471,88],{"class":87},[65,67473,84],{"class":83},[65,67475,100],{"class":79},[65,67477,103],{"class":83},[65,67479,120],{"class":87},[65,67481,84],{"class":83},[65,67483,3786],{"class":79},[65,67485,67486,67488,67490,67492,67494,67496,67498,67500,67502,67504],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,67487,36058],{"class":71},[65,67489,144],{"class":79},[65,67491,53875],{"class":147},[65,67493,168],{"class":79},[65,67495,3135],{"class":96},[65,67497,100],{"class":79},[65,67499,103],{"class":83},[65,67501,106],{"class":87},[65,67503,84],{"class":83},[65,67505,174],{"class":79},[65,67507,67508,67510,67512,67514],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,67509,165],{"class":164},[65,67511,168],{"class":79},[65,67513,36058],{"class":147},[65,67515,174],{"class":79},[20,67517,191],{},[56,67519,67520],{"className":58,"code":42795,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,67521,67522],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67523,67524,67526,67528,67530,67532,67534,67536,67538,67540,67542,67544,67546,67548],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67525,4054],{"class":79},[65,67527,203],{"class":83},[65,67529,88],{"class":87},[65,67531,203],{"class":83},[65,67533,100],{"class":79},[65,67535,233],{"class":83},[65,67537,106],{"class":87},[65,67539,203],{"class":83},[65,67541,100],{"class":79},[65,67543,233],{"class":83},[65,67545,120],{"class":87},[65,67547,203],{"class":83},[65,67549,3786],{"class":79},[1059,67551,1792,67553,67555],{"id":67552},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67554,54192],{}," to replace an item",[20,67557,67558,67560],{},[15,67559,54192],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[56,67562,67564],{"className":58,"code":67563,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67565,67566,67586,67604],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67567,67568,67570,67572,67574,67576,67578,67580,67582,67584],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67569,3768],{"class":71},[65,67571,76],{"class":75},[65,67573,3773],{"class":79},[65,67575,3135],{"class":96},[65,67577,100],{"class":79},[65,67579,113],{"class":96},[65,67581,100],{"class":79},[65,67583,127],{"class":96},[65,67585,3786],{"class":79},[65,67587,67588,67590,67592,67594,67596,67598,67600,67602],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,67589,3800],{"class":71},[65,67591,144],{"class":79},[65,67593,53875],{"class":147},[65,67595,168],{"class":79},[65,67597,3135],{"class":96},[65,67599,100],{"class":79},[65,67601,10341],{"class":96},[65,67603,174],{"class":79},[65,67605,67606,67608,67610,67612],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,67607,165],{"class":164},[65,67609,168],{"class":79},[65,67611,3800],{"class":147},[65,67613,174],{"class":79},[20,67615,191],{},[56,67617,67619],{"className":58,"code":67618,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67620,67621],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67622,67623,67625,67627,67629,67631,67633,67635,67637,67639],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67624,4054],{"class":79},[65,67626,3135],{"class":96},[65,67628,100],{"class":79},[65,67630,10341],{"class":96},[65,67632,100],{"class":79},[65,67634,113],{"class":96},[65,67636,100],{"class":79},[65,67638,127],{"class":96},[65,67640,3786],{"class":79},[20,67642,67643],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[56,67645,67647],{"className":58,"code":67646,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67648,67649,67669,67683],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67650,67651,67653,67655,67657,67659,67661,67663,67665,67667],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67652,3768],{"class":71},[65,67654,76],{"class":75},[65,67656,3773],{"class":79},[65,67658,3135],{"class":96},[65,67660,100],{"class":79},[65,67662,113],{"class":96},[65,67664,100],{"class":79},[65,67666,127],{"class":96},[65,67668,3786],{"class":79},[65,67670,67671,67673,67675,67677,67679,67681],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,67672,3800],{"class":71},[65,67674,4054],{"class":79},[65,67676,3135],{"class":96},[65,67678,13402],{"class":79},[65,67680,13405],{"class":75},[65,67682,14260],{"class":96},[65,67684,67685,67687,67689,67691],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,67686,165],{"class":164},[65,67688,168],{"class":79},[65,67690,3800],{"class":147},[65,67692,174],{"class":79},[20,67694,191],{},[56,67696,67698],{"className":58,"code":67697,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67699,67700],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67701,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710,67712,67714],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67703,4054],{"class":79},[65,67705,3135],{"class":96},[65,67707,100],{"class":79},[65,67709,10341],{"class":96},[65,67711,100],{"class":79},[65,67713,127],{"class":96},[65,67715,3786],{"class":79},[1059,67717,67719],{"id":67718},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67721,67722,67724],{},[15,67723,54192],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67726,67727],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[56,67729,67731],{"className":58,"code":67730,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67732,67733,67749,67773],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67734,67735,67737,67739,67741,67743,67745,67747],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67736,3768],{"class":71},[65,67738,76],{"class":75},[65,67740,3773],{"class":79},[65,67742,3135],{"class":96},[65,67744,100],{"class":79},[65,67746,2602],{"class":96},[65,67748,3786],{"class":79},[65,67750,67751,67753,67755,67757,67759,67761,67763,67765,67767,67769,67771],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,67752,3800],{"class":71},[65,67754,144],{"class":79},[65,67756,53875],{"class":147},[65,67758,168],{"class":79},[65,67760,3135],{"class":96},[65,67762,100],{"class":79},[65,67764,3773],{"class":79},[65,67766,2204],{"class":96},[65,67768,100],{"class":79},[65,67770,127],{"class":96},[65,67772,4042],{"class":79},[65,67774,67775,67777,67779,67781],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,67776,165],{"class":164},[65,67778,168],{"class":79},[65,67780,3800],{"class":147},[65,67782,174],{"class":79},[20,67784,191],{},[56,67786,67788],{"className":58,"code":67787,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67789,67790],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67791,67792,67794,67796,67798,67800,67802,67804,67806,67808,67810],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67793,4054],{"class":79},[65,67795,3135],{"class":96},[65,67797,100],{"class":79},[65,67799,3773],{"class":79},[65,67801,2204],{"class":96},[65,67803,100],{"class":79},[65,67805,127],{"class":96},[65,67807,18177],{"class":79},[65,67809,2602],{"class":96},[65,67811,3786],{"class":79},[20,67813,67814,67815,144],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[88,67816,55444,67817,10885],{"href":53268},[15,67818,53370],{},[1059,67820,67822],{"id":67821},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67824,9026,67825,67827],{},[15,67826,54192],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[56,67829,67831],{"className":58,"code":67830,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67832,67833,67843,67857,67875,67889],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,67834,67835,67837,67839,67841],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,67836,165],{"class":164},[65,67838,168],{"class":79},[65,67840,8490],{"class":147},[65,67842,174],{"class":79},[65,67844,67845,67847,67849,67851,67853,67855],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,67846,165],{"class":164},[65,67848,168],{"class":79},[65,67850,1863],{"class":164},[65,67852,168],{"class":79},[65,67854,8490],{"class":147},[65,67856,1870],{"class":79},[65,67858,67859,67861,67863,67865,67867,67869,67871,67873],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,67860,165],{"class":164},[65,67862,168],{"class":79},[65,67864,8490],{"class":147},[65,67866,144],{"class":79},[65,67868,53875],{"class":24857},[65,67870,144],{"class":79},[65,67872,34358],{"class":34365},[65,67874,174],{"class":79},[65,67876,67877,67879,67881,67883,67885,67887],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,67878,32063],{"class":164},[65,67880,168],{"class":79},[65,67882,8244],{"class":1368},[65,67884,144],{"class":79},[65,67886,53875],{"class":24857},[65,67888,174],{"class":79},[65,67890,67891,67893,67895,67897],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,67892,3370],{"class":1368},[65,67894,168],{"class":79},[65,67896,8490],{"class":147},[65,67898,174],{"class":79},[20,67900,67901],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[30,67903,67904,67907,67910,67913],{},[33,67905,67906],{},"What is currently in the list",[33,67908,67909],{},"How long the list is",[33,67911,67912],{},"That you are working with a real list",[33,67914,67915],{},"How Python describes the method",[51,67917,1553,67919],{"id":67918},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67920,54192],{},[20,67922,1309,67923,67925],{},[15,67924,54192],{}," when position matters.",[20,67927,36341],{},[30,67929,67930,67933,67936,67939],{},[33,67931,67932],{},"Ordered menus",[33,67934,67935],{},"Rankings or score lists",[33,67937,67938],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[33,67940,67941],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67943,67944,67945,67947,67948,67950,67951,67953],{},"You usually do ",[46,67946,1014],{}," need ",[15,67949,54192],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67952,52576],{}," is simpler.",[20,67955,67956,67957,144],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[88,67958,57079],{"href":57078},[51,67960,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,67962,1966,67964,55393],{"id":67963},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67965,53835],{},[20,67967,67968,67969,144],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67970,3930],{},[1059,67972,67974],{"id":67973},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67976,67977],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1059,67979,5320,67981,67983],{"id":67980},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67982,53835],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67985,67986,67987,67989],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67988,53370],{}," or slicing.",[1059,67991,5330,67993,1048,67995,2637],{"id":67992},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67994,54192],{},[15,67996,52576],{},[20,67998,67999,68001,68002,68004],{},[15,68000,54192],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68003,52576],{}," adds only at the end.",[51,68006,2015],{"id":2014},[30,68008,68009,68015,68021,68025,68029,68033],{},[33,68010,68011],{},[88,68012,55444,68013,10885],{"href":56693},[15,68014,52576],{},[33,68016,68017],{},[88,68018,55444,68019,10885],{"href":53268},[15,68020,53370],{},[33,68022,68023],{},[88,68024,54202],{"href":52972},[33,68026,68027],{},[88,68028,52695],{"href":50902},[33,68030,68031],{},[88,68032,57153],{"href":57078},[33,68034,68035],{},[88,68036,2067,68037,33545],{"href":54220},[15,68038,68039],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2071,68041,68042],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":68044},[68045,68047,68048,68049,68055,68062,68071,68073,68082],{"id":66230,"depth":133,"text":68046},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5582,"depth":133,"text":5583},{"id":5938,"depth":133,"text":5939},{"id":66602,"depth":133,"text":66603,"children":68050},[68051,68052,68053,68054],{"id":66614,"depth":154,"text":66615},{"id":66705,"depth":154,"text":66706},{"id":66791,"depth":154,"text":66792},{"id":66877,"depth":154,"text":66878},{"id":67007,"depth":133,"text":68056,"children":68057},"insert() vs append()",[68058,68060],{"id":67017,"depth":154,"text":68059},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67030,"depth":154,"text":68061},"Use append() when:",{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675,"children":68063},[68064,68066,68067,68069,68070],{"id":67231,"depth":154,"text":68065},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67401,"depth":154,"text":67402},{"id":67552,"depth":154,"text":68068},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67718,"depth":154,"text":67719},{"id":67821,"depth":154,"text":67822},{"id":67918,"depth":133,"text":68072},"When to use insert()",{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":68074},[68075,68077,68078,68080],{"id":67963,"depth":154,"text":68076},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67973,"depth":154,"text":67974},{"id":67980,"depth":154,"text":68079},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67992,"depth":154,"text":68081},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66140,"description":68083},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68090,"title":68091,"body":68092,"description":69647,"extension":2111,"meta":69648,"navigation":157,"path":58898,"seo":69649,"stem":69650,"__hash__":69651},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68093,"toc":69620},[68094,68100,68109,68158,68160,68168,68174,68176,68194,68200,68205,68208,68211,68226,68228,68280,68282,68290,68298,68305,68307,68313,68378,68380,68388,68390,68409,68412,68463,68467,68472,68499,68501,68509,68512,68581,68583,68598,68604,68608,68617,68620,68675,68677,68685,68688,68690,68735,68737,68745,68751,68753,68761,68764,68766,68805,68807,68846,68851,68853,68855,68890,68893,68895,68933,68937,68943,68945,68996,68998,69006,69013,69016,69037,69040,69095,69106,69108,69169,69171,69180,69187,69193,69196,69199,69256,69259,69272,69279,69285,69291,69293,69306,69309,69406,69408,69425,69428,69510,69512,69534,69541,69547,69549,69553,69559,69565,69570,69574,69577,69583,69590,69592,69617],[10,68095,68097,68098,3813],{"id":68096},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68099,1863],{},[20,68101,68102,68103,68105,68106,68108],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68104,42280],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68107,42280],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[56,68110,68112],{"className":58,"code":68111,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68113,68114,68134,68148],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68115,68116,68118,68120,68122,68124,68126,68128,68130,68132],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68117,3768],{"class":71},[65,68119,76],{"class":75},[65,68121,3773],{"class":79},[65,68123,2476],{"class":96},[65,68125,100],{"class":79},[65,68127,7940],{"class":96},[65,68129,100],{"class":79},[65,68131,7945],{"class":96},[65,68133,3786],{"class":79},[65,68135,68136,68138,68140,68142,68144,68146],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,68137,41160],{"class":71},[65,68139,76],{"class":75},[65,68141,38303],{"class":164},[65,68143,168],{"class":79},[65,68145,3800],{"class":147},[65,68147,174],{"class":79},[65,68149,68150,68152,68154,68156],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,68151,165],{"class":164},[65,68153,168],{"class":79},[65,68155,41178],{"class":147},[65,68157,174],{"class":79},[20,68159,191],{},[56,68161,68162],{"className":58,"code":46538,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,68163,68164],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68165,68166],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68167,46538],{"class":96},[20,68169,1309,68170,68173],{},[15,68171,68172],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[51,68175,15289],{"id":15288},[30,68177,68178,68183,68188,68191],{},[33,68179,4354,68180,68182],{},[15,68181,42280],{}," works with Python lists",[33,68184,68185,68186,11842],{},"What value ",[15,68187,42280],{},[33,68189,68190],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[33,68192,68193],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[51,68195,252,68197,68199],{"id":68196},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68198,42280],{}," returns for a list",[20,68201,68202,65012],{},[15,68203,68204],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68206,68207],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68209,68210],{},"A few important points:",[30,68212,68213,68216,68221],{},[33,68214,68215],{},"It counts list items",[33,68217,40824,68218,68220],{},[46,68219,1014],{}," count characters inside a string item",[33,68222,68223,68224],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68225,2267],{},[20,68227,350],{},[56,68229,68231],{"className":58,"code":68230,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68232,68233,68266],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68234,68235,68237,68239,68241,68243,68245,68247,68249,68251,68254,68256,68258,68260,68262,68264],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68236,4225],{"class":71},[65,68238,76],{"class":75},[65,68240,3773],{"class":79},[65,68242,84],{"class":83},[65,68244,36963],{"class":87},[65,68246,84],{"class":83},[65,68248,100],{"class":79},[65,68250,103],{"class":83},[65,68252,68253],{"class":87},"elephant",[65,68255,84],{"class":83},[65,68257,100],{"class":79},[65,68259,103],{"class":83},[65,68261,58052],{"class":87},[65,68263,84],{"class":83},[65,68265,3786],{"class":79},[65,68267,68268,68270,68272,68274,68276,68278],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,68269,165],{"class":164},[65,68271,168],{"class":79},[65,68273,1863],{"class":164},[65,68275,168],{"class":79},[65,68277,4269],{"class":147},[65,68279,1870],{"class":79},[20,68281,191],{},[56,68283,68284],{"className":58,"code":46538,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,68285,68286],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68287,68288],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68289,46538],{"class":96},[20,68291,21093,68292,68295,68296,65019],{},[15,68293,68294],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[46,68297,52580],{},[20,68299,68300,68301,144],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[88,68302,3724,68303,3657],{"href":42277},[15,68304,42280],{},[51,68306,5939],{"id":5938},[20,68308,68309,68310,68312],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68311,42280],{},", and print the result.",[56,68314,68316],{"className":58,"code":68315,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68317,68318,68350,68364,68368],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68319,68320,68322,68324,68326,68328,68330,68332,68334,68336,68338,68340,68342,68344,68346,68348],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68321,13206],{"class":71},[65,68323,76],{"class":75},[65,68325,3773],{"class":79},[65,68327,84],{"class":83},[65,68329,13223],{"class":87},[65,68331,84],{"class":83},[65,68333,100],{"class":79},[65,68335,103],{"class":83},[65,68337,17570],{"class":87},[65,68339,84],{"class":83},[65,68341,100],{"class":79},[65,68343,103],{"class":83},[65,68345,13240],{"class":87},[65,68347,84],{"class":83},[65,68349,3786],{"class":79},[65,68351,68352,68354,68356,68358,68360,68362],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,68353,41160],{"class":71},[65,68355,76],{"class":75},[65,68357,38303],{"class":164},[65,68359,168],{"class":79},[65,68361,17617],{"class":147},[65,68363,174],{"class":79},[65,68365,68366],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,68367,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,68369,68370,68372,68374,68376],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,68371,165],{"class":164},[65,68373,168],{"class":79},[65,68375,41178],{"class":147},[65,68377,174],{"class":79},[20,68379,191],{},[56,68381,68382],{"className":58,"code":46538,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,68383,68384],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68385,68386],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68387,46538],{"class":96},[20,68389,11820],{},[30,68391,68392,68397,68404],{},[33,68393,68394,68396],{},[15,68395,17617],{}," is a list with 3 items",[33,68398,68399,2543,68402],{},[15,68400,68401],{},"len(colors)",[15,68403,2210],{},[33,68405,68406,68407],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68408,41178],{},[20,68410,68411],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[56,68413,68415],{"className":58,"code":68414,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68416,68417,68449],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68418,68419,68421,68423,68425,68427,68429,68431,68433,68435,68437,68439,68441,68443,68445,68447],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68420,13206],{"class":71},[65,68422,76],{"class":75},[65,68424,3773],{"class":79},[65,68426,84],{"class":83},[65,68428,13223],{"class":87},[65,68430,84],{"class":83},[65,68432,100],{"class":79},[65,68434,103],{"class":83},[65,68436,17570],{"class":87},[65,68438,84],{"class":83},[65,68440,100],{"class":79},[65,68442,103],{"class":83},[65,68444,13240],{"class":87},[65,68446,84],{"class":83},[65,68448,3786],{"class":79},[65,68450,68451,68453,68455,68457,68459,68461],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,68452,165],{"class":164},[65,68454,168],{"class":79},[65,68456,1863],{"class":164},[65,68458,168],{"class":79},[65,68460,17617],{"class":147},[65,68462,1870],{"class":79},[51,68464,68466],{"id":68465},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68468,68469,68470,144],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68471,2267],{},[56,68473,68475],{"className":58,"code":68474,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68476,68477,68485],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68478,68479,68481,68483],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68480,7929],{"class":71},[65,68482,76],{"class":75},[65,68484,7989],{"class":79},[65,68486,68487,68489,68491,68493,68495,68497],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,68488,165],{"class":164},[65,68490,168],{"class":79},[65,68492,1863],{"class":164},[65,68494,168],{"class":79},[65,68496,7960],{"class":147},[65,68498,1870],{"class":79},[20,68500,191],{},[56,68502,68503],{"className":58,"code":47173,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,68504,68505],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68506,68507],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68508,47173],{"class":96},[20,68510,68511],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[56,68513,68515],{"className":58,"code":68514,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68516,68517,68525,68529,68547,68561,68567],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68518,68519,68521,68523],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68520,7929],{"class":71},[65,68522,76],{"class":75},[65,68524,7989],{"class":79},[65,68526,68527],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,68528,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,68530,68531,68533,68535,68537,68539,68541,68543,68545],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,68532,1406],{"class":1405},[65,68534,38303],{"class":164},[65,68536,168],{"class":79},[65,68538,7960],{"class":147},[65,68540,3813],{"class":79},[65,68542,38313],{"class":75},[65,68544,3986],{"class":96},[65,68546,1411],{"class":79},[65,68548,68549,68551,68553,68555,68557,68559],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,68550,1431],{"class":164},[65,68552,168],{"class":79},[65,68554,7960],{"class":147},[65,68556,4054],{"class":79},[65,68558,2267],{"class":96},[65,68560,4042],{"class":79},[65,68562,68563,68565],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,68564,1442],{"class":1405},[65,68566,1411],{"class":79},[65,68568,68569,68571,68573,68575,68577,68579],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,68570,1431],{"class":164},[65,68572,168],{"class":79},[65,68574,84],{"class":83},[65,68576,51739],{"class":87},[65,68578,84],{"class":83},[65,68580,174],{"class":79},[20,68582,191],{},[56,68584,68586],{"className":58,"code":68585,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"The list is empty\n",[15,68587,68588],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68589,68590,68592,68594,68596],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68591,22],{"class":71},[65,68593,8244],{"class":1368},[65,68595,8247],{"class":75},[65,68597,8253],{"class":71},[20,68599,68600,68601,68603],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[88,68602,52695],{"href":50902}," is a good next step.",[51,68605,68607],{"id":68606},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68609,68610,68612,68613,68616],{},[15,68611,42280],{}," counts only the ",[46,68614,68615],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68618,68619],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[56,68621,68623],{"className":58,"code":68622,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68624,68625,68661],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68626,68627,68629,68631,68633,68635,68637,68639,68641,68643,68645,68647,68649,68651,68653,68655,68657,68659],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68628,72],{"class":71},[65,68630,76],{"class":75},[65,68632,56218],{"class":79},[65,68634,3135],{"class":96},[65,68636,100],{"class":79},[65,68638,113],{"class":96},[65,68640,18177],{"class":79},[65,68642,3773],{"class":79},[65,68644,2210],{"class":96},[65,68646,100],{"class":79},[65,68648,2602],{"class":96},[65,68650,18177],{"class":79},[65,68652,3773],{"class":79},[65,68654,2284],{"class":96},[65,68656,100],{"class":79},[65,68658,37560],{"class":96},[65,68660,53166],{"class":79},[65,68662,68663,68665,68667,68669,68671,68673],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,68664,165],{"class":164},[65,68666,168],{"class":79},[65,68668,1863],{"class":164},[65,68670,168],{"class":79},[65,68672,184],{"class":147},[65,68674,1870],{"class":79},[20,68676,191],{},[56,68678,68679],{"className":58,"code":46538,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,68680,68681],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68682,68683],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68684,46538],{"class":96},[20,68686,68687],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68689,52003],{},[56,68691,68693],{"className":58,"code":68692,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68694,68695,68721],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68696,68697,68699,68701,68703,68705,68707,68709,68711,68713,68715,68717,68719],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68698,59398],{"class":71},[65,68700,76],{"class":75},[65,68702,3773],{"class":79},[65,68704,3135],{"class":96},[65,68706,100],{"class":79},[65,68708,3773],{"class":79},[65,68710,2204],{"class":96},[65,68712,100],{"class":79},[65,68714,127],{"class":96},[65,68716,18177],{"class":79},[65,68718,2602],{"class":96},[65,68720,3786],{"class":79},[65,68722,68723,68725,68727,68729,68731,68733],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,68724,165],{"class":164},[65,68726,168],{"class":79},[65,68728,1863],{"class":164},[65,68730,168],{"class":79},[65,68732,59451],{"class":147},[65,68734,1870],{"class":79},[20,68736,191],{},[56,68738,68739],{"className":58,"code":46538,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,68740,68741],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68742,68743],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68744,46538],{"class":96},[20,68746,21093,68747,68750],{},[15,68748,68749],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[51,68752,4675],{"id":4674},[1059,68754,8569,68756,11237,68759],{"id":68755},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68757,68758],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68760,68204],{},[20,68762,68763],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68765,16764],{},[56,68767,68769],{"className":58,"code":68768,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68770,68771,68791],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68772,68773,68775,68777,68779,68781,68783,68785,68787,68789],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68774,3768],{"class":71},[65,68776,76],{"class":75},[65,68778,3773],{"class":79},[65,68780,2476],{"class":96},[65,68782,100],{"class":79},[65,68784,7940],{"class":96},[65,68786,100],{"class":79},[65,68788,7945],{"class":96},[65,68790,3786],{"class":79},[65,68792,68793,68795,68797,68799,68801,68803],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,68794,165],{"class":164},[65,68796,168],{"class":79},[65,68798,3800],{"class":147},[65,68800,144],{"class":79},[65,68802,1863],{"class":147},[65,68804,980],{"class":79},[20,68806,16776],{},[56,68808,68810],{"className":58,"code":68809,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68811,68812,68832],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68813,68814,68816,68818,68820,68822,68824,68826,68828,68830],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68815,3768],{"class":71},[65,68817,76],{"class":75},[65,68819,3773],{"class":79},[65,68821,2476],{"class":96},[65,68823,100],{"class":79},[65,68825,7940],{"class":96},[65,68827,100],{"class":79},[65,68829,7945],{"class":96},[65,68831,3786],{"class":79},[65,68833,68834,68836,68838,68840,68842,68844],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,68835,165],{"class":164},[65,68837,168],{"class":79},[65,68839,1863],{"class":164},[65,68841,168],{"class":79},[65,68843,3800],{"class":147},[65,68845,1870],{"class":79},[20,68847,68848,68850],{},[15,68849,42280],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1059,68852,25794],{"id":25793},[20,68854,16764],{},[56,68856,68858],{"className":58,"code":68857,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68859,68860,68880],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68861,68862,68864,68866,68868,68870,68872,68874,68876,68878],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68863,3768],{"class":71},[65,68865,76],{"class":75},[65,68867,3773],{"class":79},[65,68869,2476],{"class":96},[65,68871,100],{"class":79},[65,68873,7940],{"class":96},[65,68875,100],{"class":79},[65,68877,7945],{"class":96},[65,68879,3786],{"class":79},[65,68881,68882,68884,68886,68888],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,68883,165],{"class":164},[65,68885,168],{"class":79},[65,68887,1863],{"class":164},[65,68889,174],{"class":79},[20,68891,68892],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68894,16776],{},[56,68896,68897],{"className":58,"code":68809,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,68898,68899,68919],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68900,68901,68903,68905,68907,68909,68911,68913,68915,68917],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68902,3768],{"class":71},[65,68904,76],{"class":75},[65,68906,3773],{"class":79},[65,68908,2476],{"class":96},[65,68910,100],{"class":79},[65,68912,7940],{"class":96},[65,68914,100],{"class":79},[65,68916,7945],{"class":96},[65,68918,3786],{"class":79},[65,68920,68921,68923,68925,68927,68929,68931],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,68922,165],{"class":164},[65,68924,168],{"class":79},[65,68926,1863],{"class":164},[65,68928,168],{"class":79},[65,68930,3800],{"class":147},[65,68932,1870],{"class":79},[1059,68934,68936],{"id":68935},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68938,68939,68940,68942],{},"The length of a list is ",[46,68941,1014],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68944,350],{},[56,68946,68948],{"className":58,"code":68947,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68949,68950,68982],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,68951,68952,68954,68956,68958,68960,68962,68964,68966,68968,68970,68972,68974,68976,68978,68980],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,68953,36005],{"class":71},[65,68955,76],{"class":75},[65,68957,3773],{"class":79},[65,68959,84],{"class":83},[65,68961,88],{"class":87},[65,68963,84],{"class":83},[65,68965,100],{"class":79},[65,68967,103],{"class":83},[65,68969,106],{"class":87},[65,68971,84],{"class":83},[65,68973,100],{"class":79},[65,68975,103],{"class":83},[65,68977,120],{"class":87},[65,68979,84],{"class":83},[65,68981,3786],{"class":79},[65,68983,68984,68986,68988,68990,68992,68994],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,68985,165],{"class":164},[65,68987,168],{"class":79},[65,68989,1863],{"class":164},[65,68991,168],{"class":79},[65,68993,36058],{"class":147},[65,68995,1870],{"class":79},[20,68997,191],{},[56,68999,69000],{"className":58,"code":46538,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,69001,69002],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69003,69004],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69005,46538],{"class":96},[20,69007,69008,69009,19079,69011,144],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69010,2204],{},[15,69012,2210],{},[20,69014,69015],{},"Indexes are:",[30,69017,69018,69025,69031],{},[33,69019,69020,69022,69023],{},[15,69021,2267],{}," for ",[15,69024,18211],{},[33,69026,69027,69022,69029],{},[15,69028,3135],{},[15,69030,65522],{},[33,69032,69033,69022,69035],{},[15,69034,2204],{},[15,69036,66408],{},[20,69038,69039],{},"So this causes an error:",[56,69041,69043],{"className":58,"code":69042,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69044,69045,69077],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69046,69047,69049,69051,69053,69055,69057,69059,69061,69063,69065,69067,69069,69071,69073,69075],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69048,36005],{"class":71},[65,69050,76],{"class":75},[65,69052,3773],{"class":79},[65,69054,84],{"class":83},[65,69056,88],{"class":87},[65,69058,84],{"class":83},[65,69060,100],{"class":79},[65,69062,103],{"class":83},[65,69064,106],{"class":87},[65,69066,84],{"class":83},[65,69068,100],{"class":79},[65,69070,103],{"class":83},[65,69072,120],{"class":87},[65,69074,84],{"class":83},[65,69076,3786],{"class":79},[65,69078,69079,69081,69083,69085,69087,69089,69091,69093],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,69080,165],{"class":164},[65,69082,168],{"class":79},[65,69084,36058],{"class":147},[65,69086,4054],{"class":79},[65,69088,1863],{"class":164},[65,69090,168],{"class":79},[65,69092,36058],{"class":147},[65,69094,10823],{"class":79},[20,69096,8646,69097,4939,69100,69102,69103,69105],{},[15,69098,69099],{},"len(letters)",[15,69101,2210],{},", and index ",[15,69104,2210],{}," does not exist.",[20,69107,18956],{},[56,69109,69111],{"className":58,"code":69110,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69112,69113,69145],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69114,69115,69117,69119,69121,69123,69125,69127,69129,69131,69133,69135,69137,69139,69141,69143],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69116,36005],{"class":71},[65,69118,76],{"class":75},[65,69120,3773],{"class":79},[65,69122,84],{"class":83},[65,69124,88],{"class":87},[65,69126,84],{"class":83},[65,69128,100],{"class":79},[65,69130,103],{"class":83},[65,69132,106],{"class":87},[65,69134,84],{"class":83},[65,69136,100],{"class":79},[65,69138,103],{"class":83},[65,69140,120],{"class":87},[65,69142,84],{"class":83},[65,69144,3786],{"class":79},[65,69146,69147,69149,69151,69153,69155,69157,69159,69161,69163,69165,69167],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,69148,165],{"class":164},[65,69150,168],{"class":79},[65,69152,36058],{"class":147},[65,69154,4054],{"class":79},[65,69156,1863],{"class":164},[65,69158,168],{"class":79},[65,69160,36058],{"class":147},[65,69162,3813],{"class":79},[65,69164,2368],{"class":75},[65,69166,97],{"class":96},[65,69168,4042],{"class":79},[20,69170,191],{},[56,69172,69174],{"className":58,"code":69173,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"c\n",[15,69175,69176],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69177,69178],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69179,69173],{"class":71},[20,69181,69182,69183,144],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[88,69184,69186],{"href":69185},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1059,69188,8569,69190,69192],{"id":69189},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69191,42280],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69194,69195],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69197,69198],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[56,69200,69202],{"className":58,"code":69201,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69203,69204,69214,69228,69242],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69205,69206,69208,69210,69212],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69207,165],{"class":164},[65,69209,168],{"class":79},[65,69211,8490],{"class":147},[65,69213,174],{"class":79},[65,69215,69216,69218,69220,69222,69224,69226],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,69217,165],{"class":164},[65,69219,168],{"class":79},[65,69221,1863],{"class":164},[65,69223,168],{"class":79},[65,69225,8490],{"class":147},[65,69227,1870],{"class":79},[65,69229,69230,69232,69234,69236,69238,69240],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,69231,165],{"class":164},[65,69233,168],{"class":79},[65,69235,3370],{"class":1368},[65,69237,168],{"class":79},[65,69239,8490],{"class":147},[65,69241,1870],{"class":79},[65,69243,69244,69246,69248,69250,69252,69254],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,69245,165],{"class":164},[65,69247,168],{"class":79},[65,69249,8490],{"class":147},[65,69251,4054],{"class":79},[65,69253,2267],{"class":96},[65,69255,4042],{"class":79},[20,69257,69258],{},"These help you verify:",[30,69260,69261,69264,69266,69269],{},[33,69262,69263],{},"what the variable contains",[33,69265,60710],{},[33,69267,69268],{},"whether it is really a list",[33,69270,69271],{},"what the first item is",[20,69273,69274,69275,69278],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69276,69277],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[51,69280,1553,69282,69284],{"id":69281},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69283,42280],{}," with lists",[20,69286,69287,69288,69290],{},"You will often use ",[15,69289,42280],{}," in real programs.",[20,69292,9519],{},[30,69294,69295,69297,69300,69303],{},[33,69296,51693],{},[33,69298,69299],{},"Control loops",[33,69301,69302],{},"Validate input or results",[33,69304,69305],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69307,69308],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[56,69310,69312],{"className":58,"code":69311,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69313,69314,69334,69350,69354,69368,69382],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69315,69316,69318,69320,69322,69324,69326,69328,69330,69332],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69317,2700],{"class":71},[65,69319,76],{"class":75},[65,69321,3773],{"class":79},[65,69323,3135],{"class":96},[65,69325,100],{"class":79},[65,69327,113],{"class":96},[65,69329,100],{"class":79},[65,69331,127],{"class":96},[65,69333,3786],{"class":79},[65,69335,69336,69338,69340,69342,69344,69346,69348],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,69337,2728],{"class":71},[65,69339,76],{"class":75},[65,69341,3773],{"class":79},[65,69343,2476],{"class":96},[65,69345,100],{"class":79},[65,69347,7940],{"class":96},[65,69349,3786],{"class":79},[65,69351,69352],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,69353,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,69355,69356,69358,69360,69362,69364,69366],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,69357,165],{"class":164},[65,69359,168],{"class":79},[65,69361,1863],{"class":164},[65,69363,168],{"class":79},[65,69365,88],{"class":147},[65,69367,1870],{"class":79},[65,69369,69370,69372,69374,69376,69378,69380],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,69371,165],{"class":164},[65,69373,168],{"class":79},[65,69375,1863],{"class":164},[65,69377,168],{"class":79},[65,69379,106],{"class":147},[65,69381,1870],{"class":79},[65,69383,69384,69386,69388,69390,69392,69394,69396,69398,69400,69402,69404],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,69385,165],{"class":164},[65,69387,168],{"class":79},[65,69389,1863],{"class":164},[65,69391,168],{"class":79},[65,69393,88],{"class":147},[65,69395,3813],{"class":79},[65,69397,38313],{"class":75},[65,69399,38303],{"class":164},[65,69401,168],{"class":79},[65,69403,106],{"class":147},[65,69405,1870],{"class":79},[20,69407,191],{},[56,69409,69411],{"className":58,"code":69410,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69412,69413,69417,69421],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69414,69415],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69416,46538],{"class":96},[65,69418,69419],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,69420,17177],{"class":96},[65,69422,69423],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,69424,4134],{"class":4005},[20,69426,69427],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[56,69429,69431],{"className":58,"code":69430,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69432,69433,69465,69469,69491],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69434,69435,69437,69439,69441,69443,69445,69447,69449,69451,69453,69455,69457,69459,69461,69463],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69436,5150],{"class":71},[65,69438,76],{"class":75},[65,69440,3773],{"class":79},[65,69442,84],{"class":83},[65,69444,542],{"class":87},[65,69446,84],{"class":83},[65,69448,100],{"class":79},[65,69450,103],{"class":83},[65,69452,35855],{"class":87},[65,69454,84],{"class":83},[65,69456,100],{"class":79},[65,69458,103],{"class":83},[65,69460,35864],{"class":87},[65,69462,84],{"class":83},[65,69464,3786],{"class":79},[65,69466,69467],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,69468,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,69470,69471,69473,69476,69478,69480,69482,69484,69486,69488],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,69472,6110],{"class":1405},[65,69474,69475],{"class":71}," i ",[65,69477,4036],{"class":1405},[65,69479,53994],{"class":164},[65,69481,168],{"class":79},[65,69483,1863],{"class":164},[65,69485,168],{"class":79},[65,69487,5193],{"class":147},[65,69489,69490],{"class":79},")):\n",[65,69492,69493,69495,69497,69499,69501,69504,69506,69508],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,69494,1431],{"class":164},[65,69496,168],{"class":79},[65,69498,36069],{"class":147},[65,69500,100],{"class":79},[65,69502,69503],{"class":147}," names",[65,69505,4054],{"class":79},[65,69507,36069],{"class":147},[65,69509,4042],{"class":79},[20,69511,191],{},[56,69513,69514],{"className":58,"code":35913,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,69515,69516,69522,69528],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69517,69518,69520],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69519,2267],{"class":96},[65,69521,35922],{"class":71},[65,69523,69524,69526],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,69525,3135],{"class":96},[65,69527,35929],{"class":71},[65,69529,69530,69532],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,69531,2204],{"class":96},[65,69533,35936],{"class":71},[20,69535,69536,69537,144],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[88,69538,69540],{"href":69539},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69542,69543,69544,69546],{},"You can also read ",[88,69545,51470],{"href":51469}," for a task-focused guide.",[51,69548,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,69550,69552],{"id":69551},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69554,1309,69555,69558],{},[15,69556,69557],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1059,69560,1953,69562,12849],{"id":69561},"what-does-len-return",[15,69563,69564],{},"len([])",[20,69566,5298,69567,69569],{},[15,69568,2267],{}," because the list is empty.",[1059,69571,69573],{"id":69572},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69575,69576],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1059,69578,28432,69580,69582],{"id":69579},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69581,68758],{}," in Python?",[20,69584,1982,69585,8373,69587,69589],{},[15,69586,68204],{},[15,69588,42280],{}," is a built-in function.",[51,69591,2015],{"id":2014},[30,69593,69594,69600,69604,69608,69612],{},[33,69595,69596],{},[88,69597,3724,69598,3657],{"href":42277},[15,69599,42280],{},[33,69601,69602],{},[88,69603,52514],{"href":51469},[33,69605,69606],{},[88,69607,52695],{"href":50902},[33,69609,69610],{},[88,69611,69186],{"href":69185},[33,69613,69614],{},[88,69615,69616],{"href":69539},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2071,69618,69619],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":69621},[69622,69623,69625,69626,69627,69628,69636,69638,69646],{"id":15288,"depth":133,"text":15289},{"id":68196,"depth":133,"text":69624},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5938,"depth":133,"text":5939},{"id":68465,"depth":133,"text":68466},{"id":68606,"depth":133,"text":68607},{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675,"children":69629},[69630,69632,69633,69634],{"id":68755,"depth":154,"text":69631},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25793,"depth":154,"text":25794},{"id":68935,"depth":154,"text":68936},{"id":69189,"depth":154,"text":69635},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69281,"depth":133,"text":69637},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":69639},[69640,69641,69643,69644],{"id":69551,"depth":154,"text":69552},{"id":69561,"depth":154,"text":69642},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69572,"depth":154,"text":69573},{"id":69579,"depth":154,"text":69645},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68091,"description":69647},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69653,"title":69654,"body":69655,"description":71637,"extension":2111,"meta":71638,"navigation":157,"path":71639,"seo":71640,"stem":71641,"__hash__":71642},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69656,"toc":71610},[69657,69660,69665,69668,69676,69689,69691,69756,69758,69780,69785,69789,69794,69802,69804,69814,69816,69897,69899,69929,69931,69950,69955,69972,69974,70058,70060,70090,70095,70099,70105,70189,70191,70221,70224,70228,70231,70322,70324,70362,70365,70450,70452,70482,70488,70495,70499,70504,70513,70515,70600,70602,70631,70634,70642,70646,70650,70659,70682,70684,70706,70708,70722,70724,70784,70788,70793,70832,70834,70851,70853,70863,70962,70967,70971,70976,71019,71021,71049,71051,71065,71140,71142,71164,71168,71171,71176,71187,71192,71200,71203,71274,71276,71301,71358,71360,71381,71390,71398,71403,71405,71410,71431,71434,71509,71512,71526,71533,71535,71539,71545,71549,71559,71563,71570,71574,71580,71582,71607],[10,69658,69654],{"id":69659},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69661,69662,69664],{},[15,69663,55006],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69666,69667],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[30,69669,69670,69673],{},[33,69671,69672],{},"delete an item from a list",[33,69674,69675],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69677,69678,69679,69681,69682,8855,69684,69688],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69680,327],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69683,327],{},[88,69685,69686],{"href":54996},[15,69687,55453],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[51,69690,54],{"id":53},[56,69692,69694],{"className":58,"code":69693,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69695,69696,69716,69731,69735,69746],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69697,69698,69700,69702,69704,69706,69708,69710,69712,69714],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69699,3768],{"class":71},[65,69701,76],{"class":75},[65,69703,3773],{"class":79},[65,69705,2476],{"class":96},[65,69707,100],{"class":79},[65,69709,7940],{"class":96},[65,69711,100],{"class":79},[65,69713,7945],{"class":96},[65,69715,3786],{"class":79},[65,69717,69718,69721,69723,69725,69727,69729],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,69719,69720],{"class":71},"last_item ",[65,69722,76],{"class":75},[65,69724,4419],{"class":71},[65,69726,144],{"class":79},[65,69728,1078],{"class":147},[65,69730,151],{"class":79},[65,69732,69733],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,69734,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,69736,69737,69739,69741,69744],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,69738,165],{"class":164},[65,69740,168],{"class":79},[65,69742,69743],{"class":147},"last_item",[65,69745,174],{"class":79},[65,69747,69748,69750,69752,69754],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,69749,165],{"class":164},[65,69751,168],{"class":79},[65,69753,3800],{"class":147},[65,69755,174],{"class":79},[20,69757,191],{},[56,69759,69761],{"className":58,"code":69760,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69762,69763,69768],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69764,69765],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69766,69767],{"class":96},"30\n",[65,69769,69770,69772,69774,69776,69778],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,69771,4054],{"class":79},[65,69773,2476],{"class":96},[65,69775,100],{"class":79},[65,69777,7940],{"class":96},[65,69779,3786],{"class":79},[20,69781,1309,69782,69784],{},[15,69783,327],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[51,69786,69788],{"id":69787},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69790,69791,69793],{},[15,69792,327],{}," has two main jobs:",[30,69795,69796,69799],{},[33,69797,69798],{},"It removes one item from a list",[33,69800,69801],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69803,43570],{},[30,69805,69806,69809,69812],{},[33,69807,69808],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[33,69810,69811],{},"It changes the original list",[33,69813,52669],{},[20,69815,350],{},[56,69817,69819],{"className":58,"code":69818,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69820,69821,69853,69857,69872,69876,69887],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69822,69823,69825,69827,69829,69831,69833,69835,69837,69839,69841,69843,69845,69847,69849,69851],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69824,13206],{"class":71},[65,69826,76],{"class":75},[65,69828,3773],{"class":79},[65,69830,84],{"class":83},[65,69832,13223],{"class":87},[65,69834,84],{"class":83},[65,69836,100],{"class":79},[65,69838,103],{"class":83},[65,69840,17570],{"class":87},[65,69842,84],{"class":83},[65,69844,100],{"class":79},[65,69846,103],{"class":83},[65,69848,13240],{"class":87},[65,69850,84],{"class":83},[65,69852,3786],{"class":79},[65,69854,69855],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,69856,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,69858,69859,69862,69864,69866,69868,69870],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,69860,69861],{"class":71},"removed ",[65,69863,76],{"class":75},[65,69865,13254],{"class":71},[65,69867,144],{"class":79},[65,69869,1078],{"class":147},[65,69871,151],{"class":79},[65,69873,69874],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,69875,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,69877,69878,69880,69882,69885],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,69879,165],{"class":164},[65,69881,168],{"class":79},[65,69883,69884],{"class":147},"removed",[65,69886,174],{"class":79},[65,69888,69889,69891,69893,69895],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,69890,165],{"class":164},[65,69892,168],{"class":79},[65,69894,17617],{"class":147},[65,69896,174],{"class":79},[20,69898,191],{},[56,69900,69902],{"className":58,"code":69901,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69903,69904,69909],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69905,69906],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69907,69908],{"class":71},"blue\n",[65,69910,69911,69913,69915,69917,69919,69921,69923,69925,69927],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,69912,4054],{"class":79},[65,69914,203],{"class":83},[65,69916,13223],{"class":87},[65,69918,203],{"class":83},[65,69920,100],{"class":79},[65,69922,233],{"class":83},[65,69924,17570],{"class":87},[65,69926,203],{"class":83},[65,69928,3786],{"class":79},[51,69930,283],{"id":282},[56,69932,69934],{"className":58,"code":69933,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69935,69936],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69937,69938,69940,69942,69944,69946,69948],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69939,8244],{"class":1368},[65,69941,144],{"class":79},[65,69943,1078],{"class":147},[65,69945,3132],{"class":79},[65,69947,35760],{"class":147},[65,69949,4042],{"class":79},[20,69951,22,69952,69954],{},[15,69953,35760],{}," is optional.",[30,69956,69957,69963,69969],{},[33,69958,69959,69960,69962],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69961,327],{}," removes the last item",[33,69964,69965,69966,69968],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69967,327],{}," removes the item at that position",[33,69970,69971],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69973,350],{},[56,69975,69977],{"className":58,"code":69976,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69978,69979,70011,70015,70034,70038,70048],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,69980,69981,69983,69985,69987,69989,69991,69993,69995,69997,69999,70001,70003,70005,70007,70009],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,69982,36005],{"class":71},[65,69984,76],{"class":75},[65,69986,3773],{"class":79},[65,69988,84],{"class":83},[65,69990,88],{"class":87},[65,69992,84],{"class":83},[65,69994,100],{"class":79},[65,69996,103],{"class":83},[65,69998,106],{"class":87},[65,70000,84],{"class":83},[65,70002,100],{"class":79},[65,70004,103],{"class":83},[65,70006,120],{"class":87},[65,70008,84],{"class":83},[65,70010,3786],{"class":79},[65,70012,70013],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,70014,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,70016,70017,70019,70021,70024,70026,70028,70030,70032],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,70018,136],{"class":71},[65,70020,76],{"class":75},[65,70022,70023],{"class":71}," letters",[65,70025,144],{"class":79},[65,70027,1078],{"class":147},[65,70029,168],{"class":79},[65,70031,3135],{"class":96},[65,70033,174],{"class":79},[65,70035,70036],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,70037,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,70039,70040,70042,70044,70046],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,70041,165],{"class":164},[65,70043,168],{"class":79},[65,70045,171],{"class":147},[65,70047,174],{"class":79},[65,70049,70050,70052,70054,70056],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,70051,165],{"class":164},[65,70053,168],{"class":79},[65,70055,36058],{"class":147},[65,70057,174],{"class":79},[20,70059,191],{},[56,70061,70063],{"className":58,"code":70062,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70064,70065,70070],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70066,70067],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70068,70069],{"class":71},"b\n",[65,70071,70072,70074,70076,70078,70080,70082,70084,70086,70088],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,70073,4054],{"class":79},[65,70075,203],{"class":83},[65,70077,88],{"class":87},[65,70079,203],{"class":83},[65,70081,100],{"class":79},[65,70083,233],{"class":83},[65,70085,120],{"class":87},[65,70087,203],{"class":83},[65,70089,3786],{"class":79},[20,70091,70092,70093,144],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[88,70094,52695],{"href":50902},[51,70096,70098],{"id":70097},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70100,70101,70102,70104],{},"When you call ",[15,70103,327],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[56,70106,70108],{"className":58,"code":70107,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70109,70110,70145,70149,70164,70168,70179],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70111,70112,70114,70116,70118,70120,70123,70125,70127,70129,70132,70134,70136,70138,70141,70143],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70113,1584],{"class":71},[65,70115,76],{"class":75},[65,70117,3773],{"class":79},[65,70119,84],{"class":83},[65,70121,70122],{"class":87},"write",[65,70124,84],{"class":83},[65,70126,100],{"class":79},[65,70128,103],{"class":83},[65,70130,70131],{"class":87},"test",[65,70133,84],{"class":83},[65,70135,100],{"class":79},[65,70137,103],{"class":83},[65,70139,70140],{"class":87},"submit",[65,70142,84],{"class":83},[65,70144,3786],{"class":79},[65,70146,70147],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,70148,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,70150,70151,70154,70156,70158,70160,70162],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,70152,70153],{"class":71},"last_task ",[65,70155,76],{"class":75},[65,70157,1666],{"class":71},[65,70159,144],{"class":79},[65,70161,1078],{"class":147},[65,70163,151],{"class":79},[65,70165,70166],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,70167,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,70169,70170,70172,70174,70177],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,70171,165],{"class":164},[65,70173,168],{"class":79},[65,70175,70176],{"class":147},"last_task",[65,70178,174],{"class":79},[65,70180,70181,70183,70185,70187],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,70182,165],{"class":164},[65,70184,168],{"class":79},[65,70186,36421],{"class":147},[65,70188,174],{"class":79},[20,70190,191],{},[56,70192,70194],{"className":58,"code":70193,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70195,70196,70201],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70197,70198],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70199,70200],{"class":71},"submit\n",[65,70202,70203,70205,70207,70209,70211,70213,70215,70217,70219],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,70204,4054],{"class":79},[65,70206,203],{"class":83},[65,70208,70122],{"class":87},[65,70210,203],{"class":83},[65,70212,100],{"class":79},[65,70214,233],{"class":83},[65,70216,70131],{"class":87},[65,70218,203],{"class":83},[65,70220,3786],{"class":79},[20,70222,70223],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[51,70225,70227],{"id":70226},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70229,70230],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[56,70232,70234],{"className":58,"code":70233,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70235,70236,70276,70280,70298,70302,70312],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70237,70238,70240,70242,70244,70246,70248,70250,70252,70254,70256,70258,70260,70262,70264,70266,70268,70270,70272,70274],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70239,36154],{"class":71},[65,70241,76],{"class":75},[65,70243,3773],{"class":79},[65,70245,84],{"class":83},[65,70247,4234],{"class":87},[65,70249,84],{"class":83},[65,70251,100],{"class":79},[65,70253,103],{"class":83},[65,70255,4243],{"class":87},[65,70257,84],{"class":83},[65,70259,100],{"class":79},[65,70261,103],{"class":83},[65,70263,4252],{"class":87},[65,70265,84],{"class":83},[65,70267,100],{"class":79},[65,70269,103],{"class":83},[65,70271,33132],{"class":87},[65,70273,84],{"class":83},[65,70275,3786],{"class":79},[65,70277,70278],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,70279,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,70281,70282,70284,70286,70288,70290,70292,70294,70296],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,70283,69861],{"class":71},[65,70285,76],{"class":75},[65,70287,52775],{"class":71},[65,70289,144],{"class":79},[65,70291,1078],{"class":147},[65,70293,168],{"class":79},[65,70295,3135],{"class":96},[65,70297,174],{"class":79},[65,70299,70300],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,70301,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,70303,70304,70306,70308,70310],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,70305,165],{"class":164},[65,70307,168],{"class":79},[65,70309,69884],{"class":147},[65,70311,174],{"class":79},[65,70313,70314,70316,70318,70320],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,70315,165],{"class":164},[65,70317,168],{"class":79},[65,70319,36206],{"class":147},[65,70321,174],{"class":79},[20,70323,191],{},[56,70325,70327],{"className":58,"code":70326,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70328,70329,70334],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70330,70331],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70332,70333],{"class":71},"banana\n",[65,70335,70336,70338,70340,70342,70344,70346,70348,70350,70352,70354,70356,70358,70360],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,70337,4054],{"class":79},[65,70339,203],{"class":83},[65,70341,4234],{"class":87},[65,70343,203],{"class":83},[65,70345,100],{"class":79},[65,70347,233],{"class":83},[65,70349,4252],{"class":87},[65,70351,203],{"class":83},[65,70353,100],{"class":79},[65,70355,233],{"class":83},[65,70357,33132],{"class":87},[65,70359,203],{"class":83},[65,70361,3786],{"class":79},[20,70363,70364],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[56,70366,70368],{"className":58,"code":70367,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70369,70370,70402,70406,70426,70430,70440],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70371,70372,70374,70376,70378,70380,70382,70384,70386,70388,70390,70392,70394,70396,70398,70400],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70373,36154],{"class":71},[65,70375,76],{"class":75},[65,70377,3773],{"class":79},[65,70379,84],{"class":83},[65,70381,4234],{"class":87},[65,70383,84],{"class":83},[65,70385,100],{"class":79},[65,70387,103],{"class":83},[65,70389,4243],{"class":87},[65,70391,84],{"class":83},[65,70393,100],{"class":79},[65,70395,103],{"class":83},[65,70397,4252],{"class":87},[65,70399,84],{"class":83},[65,70401,3786],{"class":79},[65,70403,70404],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,70405,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,70407,70408,70410,70412,70414,70416,70418,70420,70422,70424],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,70409,69861],{"class":71},[65,70411,76],{"class":75},[65,70413,52775],{"class":71},[65,70415,144],{"class":79},[65,70417,1078],{"class":147},[65,70419,168],{"class":79},[65,70421,2169],{"class":75},[65,70423,3135],{"class":96},[65,70425,174],{"class":79},[65,70427,70428],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,70429,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,70431,70432,70434,70436,70438],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,70433,165],{"class":164},[65,70435,168],{"class":79},[65,70437,69884],{"class":147},[65,70439,174],{"class":79},[65,70441,70442,70444,70446,70448],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,70443,165],{"class":164},[65,70445,168],{"class":79},[65,70447,36206],{"class":147},[65,70449,174],{"class":79},[20,70451,191],{},[56,70453,70455],{"className":58,"code":70454,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70456,70457,70462],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70458,70459],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70460,70461],{"class":71},"cherry\n",[65,70463,70464,70466,70468,70470,70472,70474,70476,70478,70480],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,70465,4054],{"class":79},[65,70467,203],{"class":83},[65,70469,4234],{"class":87},[65,70471,203],{"class":83},[65,70473,100],{"class":79},[65,70475,233],{"class":83},[65,70477,4243],{"class":87},[65,70479,203],{"class":83},[65,70481,3786],{"class":79},[20,70483,70484,70485,70487],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70486,65781],{}," means the last item.",[20,70489,70490,70491,144],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[88,70492,70493,10885],{"href":58890},[15,70494,64792],{},[51,70496,70498],{"id":70497},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70500,70501,70503],{},[15,70502,327],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70505,70506,70507,1048,70509,144],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70508,327],{},[88,70510,70511],{"href":54996},[15,70512,55453],{},[20,70514,350],{},[56,70516,70518],{"className":58,"code":70517,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70519,70520,70552,70556,70575,70579,70590],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70521,70522,70524,70526,70528,70530,70532,70534,70536,70538,70540,70542,70544,70546,70548,70550],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70523,5150],{"class":71},[65,70525,76],{"class":75},[65,70527,3773],{"class":79},[65,70529,84],{"class":83},[65,70531,542],{"class":87},[65,70533,84],{"class":83},[65,70535,100],{"class":79},[65,70537,103],{"class":83},[65,70539,35855],{"class":87},[65,70541,84],{"class":83},[65,70543,100],{"class":79},[65,70545,103],{"class":83},[65,70547,35864],{"class":87},[65,70549,84],{"class":83},[65,70551,3786],{"class":79},[65,70553,70554],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,70555,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,70557,70558,70561,70563,70565,70567,70569,70571,70573],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,70559,70560],{"class":71},"removed_name ",[65,70562,76],{"class":75},[65,70564,69503],{"class":71},[65,70566,144],{"class":79},[65,70568,1078],{"class":147},[65,70570,168],{"class":79},[65,70572,2267],{"class":96},[65,70574,174],{"class":79},[65,70576,70577],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,70578,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,70580,70581,70583,70585,70588],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,70582,165],{"class":164},[65,70584,168],{"class":79},[65,70586,70587],{"class":147},"removed_name",[65,70589,174],{"class":79},[65,70591,70592,70594,70596,70598],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,70593,165],{"class":164},[65,70595,168],{"class":79},[65,70597,5193],{"class":147},[65,70599,174],{"class":79},[20,70601,191],{},[56,70603,70605],{"className":58,"code":70604,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70606,70607,70611],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70608,70609],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70610,49962],{"class":71},[65,70612,70613,70615,70617,70619,70621,70623,70625,70627,70629],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,70614,4054],{"class":79},[65,70616,203],{"class":83},[65,70618,35855],{"class":87},[65,70620,203],{"class":83},[65,70622,100],{"class":79},[65,70624,233],{"class":83},[65,70626,35864],{"class":87},[65,70628,203],{"class":83},[65,70630,3786],{"class":79},[20,70632,70633],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70635,70636,70637,70639,70640,144],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70638,55453],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70641,3930],{},[51,70643,70645],{"id":70644},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1059,70647,70649],{"id":70648},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70651,70652,70653,70655,70656,144],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70654,327],{}," raises an ",[15,70657,70658],{},"IndexError",[56,70660,70662],{"className":58,"code":70661,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70663,70664,70672],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70665,70666,70668,70670],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70667,7929],{"class":71},[65,70669,76],{"class":75},[65,70671,7989],{"class":79},[65,70673,70674,70676,70678,70680],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,70675,7960],{"class":71},[65,70677,144],{"class":79},[65,70679,1078],{"class":147},[65,70681,151],{"class":79},[20,70683,191],{},[56,70685,70687],{"className":58,"code":70686,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70688,70689],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70690,70691,70693,70695,70698,70701,70704],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70692,70658],{"class":1368},[65,70694,93],{"class":79},[65,70696,70697],{"class":71}," pop ",[65,70699,70700],{"class":1405},"from",[65,70702,70703],{"class":71}," empty ",[65,70705,49808],{"class":1368},[20,70707,39179],{},[30,70709,70710,70715],{},[33,70711,70712,70713],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70714,327],{},[33,70716,70717,70718,1048,70720],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70719,1488],{},[15,70721,1519],{},[20,70723,350],{},[56,70725,70727],{"className":58,"code":70726,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70728,70729,70737,70741,70749,70763,70769],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70730,70731,70733,70735],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70732,7929],{"class":71},[65,70734,76],{"class":75},[65,70736,7989],{"class":79},[65,70738,70739],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,70740,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,70742,70743,70745,70747],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,70744,1406],{"class":1405},[65,70746,6118],{"class":71},[65,70748,1411],{"class":79},[65,70750,70751,70753,70755,70757,70759,70761],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,70752,1431],{"class":164},[65,70754,168],{"class":79},[65,70756,7960],{"class":147},[65,70758,144],{"class":79},[65,70760,1078],{"class":147},[65,70762,980],{"class":79},[65,70764,70765,70767],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,70766,1442],{"class":1405},[65,70768,1411],{"class":79},[65,70770,70771,70773,70775,70777,70780,70782],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,70772,1431],{"class":164},[65,70774,168],{"class":79},[65,70776,84],{"class":83},[65,70778,70779],{"class":87},"The list is empty.",[65,70781,84],{"class":83},[65,70783,174],{"class":79},[1059,70785,70787],{"id":70786},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70789,70790,70791,144],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70792,70658],{},[56,70794,70796],{"className":58,"code":70795,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70797,70798,70818],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70799,70800,70802,70804,70806,70808,70810,70812,70814,70816],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70801,3768],{"class":71},[65,70803,76],{"class":75},[65,70805,3773],{"class":79},[65,70807,2476],{"class":96},[65,70809,100],{"class":79},[65,70811,7940],{"class":96},[65,70813,100],{"class":79},[65,70815,7945],{"class":96},[65,70817,3786],{"class":79},[65,70819,70820,70822,70824,70826,70828,70830],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,70821,3800],{"class":71},[65,70823,144],{"class":79},[65,70825,1078],{"class":147},[65,70827,168],{"class":79},[65,70829,2284],{"class":96},[65,70831,174],{"class":79},[20,70833,191],{},[56,70835,70837],{"className":58,"code":70836,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70838,70839],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70840,70841,70843,70845,70848],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70842,70658],{"class":1368},[65,70844,93],{"class":79},[65,70846,70847],{"class":71}," pop index out of ",[65,70849,70850],{"class":164},"range\n",[20,70852,39179],{},[30,70854,70855,70860],{},[33,70856,70857,70858],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70859,42280],{},[33,70861,70862],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[56,70864,70866],{"className":58,"code":70865,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70867,70868,70888,70897,70901,70923,70941,70947],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70869,70870,70872,70874,70876,70878,70880,70882,70884,70886],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70871,3768],{"class":71},[65,70873,76],{"class":75},[65,70875,3773],{"class":79},[65,70877,2476],{"class":96},[65,70879,100],{"class":79},[65,70881,7940],{"class":96},[65,70883,100],{"class":79},[65,70885,7945],{"class":96},[65,70887,3786],{"class":79},[65,70889,70890,70893,70895],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,70891,70892],{"class":71},"index ",[65,70894,76],{"class":75},[65,70896,45510],{"class":96},[65,70898,70899],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,70900,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,70902,70903,70905,70907,70910,70913,70915,70917,70919,70921],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,70904,1406],{"class":1405},[65,70906,3986],{"class":96},[65,70908,70909],{"class":75}," \u003C=",[65,70911,70912],{"class":71}," index ",[65,70914,3439],{"class":75},[65,70916,38303],{"class":164},[65,70918,168],{"class":79},[65,70920,3800],{"class":147},[65,70922,8493],{"class":79},[65,70924,70925,70927,70929,70931,70933,70935,70937,70939],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,70926,1431],{"class":164},[65,70928,168],{"class":79},[65,70930,3800],{"class":147},[65,70932,144],{"class":79},[65,70934,1078],{"class":147},[65,70936,168],{"class":79},[65,70938,35760],{"class":147},[65,70940,1870],{"class":79},[65,70942,70943,70945],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,70944,1442],{"class":1405},[65,70946,1411],{"class":79},[65,70948,70949,70951,70953,70955,70958,70960],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,70950,1431],{"class":164},[65,70952,168],{"class":79},[65,70954,84],{"class":83},[65,70956,70957],{"class":87},"Index is out of range.",[65,70959,84],{"class":83},[65,70961,174],{"class":79},[20,70963,70964,70965,144],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[88,70966,69186],{"href":69185},[1059,70968,70970],{"id":70969},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70972,70973,70975],{},[15,70974,327],{}," expects an integer index.",[56,70977,70979],{"className":58,"code":70978,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70980,70981,71001],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,70982,70983,70985,70987,70989,70991,70993,70995,70997,70999],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,70984,3768],{"class":71},[65,70986,76],{"class":75},[65,70988,3773],{"class":79},[65,70990,2476],{"class":96},[65,70992,100],{"class":79},[65,70994,7940],{"class":96},[65,70996,100],{"class":79},[65,70998,7945],{"class":96},[65,71000,3786],{"class":79},[65,71002,71003,71005,71007,71009,71011,71013,71015,71017],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,71004,3800],{"class":71},[65,71006,144],{"class":79},[65,71008,1078],{"class":147},[65,71010,168],{"class":79},[65,71012,84],{"class":83},[65,71014,3135],{"class":87},[65,71016,84],{"class":83},[65,71018,174],{"class":79},[20,71020,191],{},[56,71022,71024],{"className":58,"code":71023,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71025,71026],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71027,71028,71030,71032,71034,71036,71038,71040,71043,71046],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71029,3152],{"class":1368},[65,71031,93],{"class":79},[65,71033,233],{"class":83},[65,71035,3591],{"class":87},[65,71037,203],{"class":83},[65,71039,24724],{"class":1368},[65,71041,71042],{"class":71}," cannot be interpreted ",[65,71044,71045],{"class":1405},"as",[65,71047,71048],{"class":71}," an integer\n",[20,71050,39179],{},[30,71052,71053,71062],{},[33,71054,71055,71056,1028,71058,2339,71060],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71057,2267],{},[15,71059,3135],{},[15,71061,65781],{},[33,71063,71064],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[56,71066,71068],{"className":58,"code":71067,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71069,71070,71090,71108,71112,71130],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71071,71072,71074,71076,71078,71080,71082,71084,71086,71088],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71073,3768],{"class":71},[65,71075,76],{"class":75},[65,71077,3773],{"class":79},[65,71079,2476],{"class":96},[65,71081,100],{"class":79},[65,71083,7940],{"class":96},[65,71085,100],{"class":79},[65,71087,7945],{"class":96},[65,71089,3786],{"class":79},[65,71091,71092,71094,71096,71098,71100,71102,71104,71106],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,71093,70892],{"class":71},[65,71095,76],{"class":75},[65,71097,45197],{"class":1368},[65,71099,168],{"class":79},[65,71101,84],{"class":83},[65,71103,3135],{"class":87},[65,71105,84],{"class":83},[65,71107,174],{"class":79},[65,71109,71110],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,71111,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,71113,71114,71116,71118,71120,71122,71124,71126,71128],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,71115,165],{"class":164},[65,71117,168],{"class":79},[65,71119,3800],{"class":147},[65,71121,144],{"class":79},[65,71123,1078],{"class":147},[65,71125,168],{"class":79},[65,71127,35760],{"class":147},[65,71129,1870],{"class":79},[65,71131,71132,71134,71136,71138],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,71133,165],{"class":164},[65,71135,168],{"class":79},[65,71137,3800],{"class":147},[65,71139,174],{"class":79},[20,71141,191],{},[56,71143,71145],{"className":58,"code":71144,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71146,71147,71152],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71148,71149],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71150,71151],{"class":96},"20\n",[65,71153,71154,71156,71158,71160,71162],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,71155,4054],{"class":79},[65,71157,2476],{"class":96},[65,71159,100],{"class":79},[65,71161,7945],{"class":96},[65,71163,3786],{"class":79},[51,71165,71167],{"id":71166},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71169,71170],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1059,71172,1309,71174,10745],{"id":71173},"use-pop-when",[15,71175,327],{},[30,71177,71178,71181,71184],{},[33,71179,71180],{},"you want to remove by index",[33,71182,71183],{},"you want the removed item returned",[33,71185,71186],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1059,71188,1309,71190,10745],{"id":71189},"use-remove-when",[15,71191,55453],{},[30,71193,71194,71197],{},[33,71195,71196],{},"you want to remove by value",[33,71198,71199],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71201,71202],{},"Compare these examples:",[56,71204,71206],{"className":58,"code":71205,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71207,71208,71232,71236,71254,71264],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71209,71210,71212,71214,71216,71218,71220,71222,71224,71226,71228,71230],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71211,3768],{"class":71},[65,71213,76],{"class":75},[65,71215,3773],{"class":79},[65,71217,2476],{"class":96},[65,71219,100],{"class":79},[65,71221,7940],{"class":96},[65,71223,100],{"class":79},[65,71225,7945],{"class":96},[65,71227,100],{"class":79},[65,71229,7940],{"class":96},[65,71231,3786],{"class":79},[65,71233,71234],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,71235,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,71237,71238,71240,71242,71244,71246,71248,71250,71252],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,71239,69861],{"class":71},[65,71241,76],{"class":75},[65,71243,4419],{"class":71},[65,71245,144],{"class":79},[65,71247,1078],{"class":147},[65,71249,168],{"class":79},[65,71251,3135],{"class":96},[65,71253,174],{"class":79},[65,71255,71256,71258,71260,71262],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,71257,165],{"class":164},[65,71259,168],{"class":79},[65,71261,69884],{"class":147},[65,71263,174],{"class":79},[65,71265,71266,71268,71270,71272],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,71267,165],{"class":164},[65,71269,168],{"class":79},[65,71271,3800],{"class":147},[65,71273,174],{"class":79},[20,71275,191],{},[56,71277,71279],{"className":58,"code":71278,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71280,71281,71285],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71282,71283],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71284,71151],{"class":96},[65,71286,71287,71289,71291,71293,71295,71297,71299],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,71288,4054],{"class":79},[65,71290,2476],{"class":96},[65,71292,100],{"class":79},[65,71294,7945],{"class":96},[65,71296,100],{"class":79},[65,71298,7940],{"class":96},[65,71300,3786],{"class":79},[56,71302,71304],{"className":58,"code":71303,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71305,71306,71330,71334,71348],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71307,71308,71310,71312,71314,71316,71318,71320,71322,71324,71326,71328],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71309,3768],{"class":71},[65,71311,76],{"class":75},[65,71313,3773],{"class":79},[65,71315,2476],{"class":96},[65,71317,100],{"class":79},[65,71319,7940],{"class":96},[65,71321,100],{"class":79},[65,71323,7945],{"class":96},[65,71325,100],{"class":79},[65,71327,7940],{"class":96},[65,71329,3786],{"class":79},[65,71331,71332],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,71333,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,71335,71336,71338,71340,71342,71344,71346],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,71337,3800],{"class":71},[65,71339,144],{"class":79},[65,71341,34707],{"class":147},[65,71343,168],{"class":79},[65,71345,15876],{"class":96},[65,71347,174],{"class":79},[65,71349,71350,71352,71354,71356],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,71351,165],{"class":164},[65,71353,168],{"class":79},[65,71355,3800],{"class":147},[65,71357,174],{"class":79},[20,71359,191],{},[56,71361,71363],{"className":58,"code":71362,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71364,71365],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71366,71367,71369,71371,71373,71375,71377,71379],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71368,4054],{"class":79},[65,71370,2476],{"class":96},[65,71372,100],{"class":79},[65,71374,7945],{"class":96},[65,71376,100],{"class":79},[65,71378,7940],{"class":96},[65,71380,3786],{"class":79},[20,71382,71383,71384,71387,71388,144],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71385,71386],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71389,3135],{},[20,71391,56529,71392,71395,71396,144],{},[15,71393,71394],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71397,15876],{},[20,71399,71400,71401,144],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[88,71402,54992],{"href":54991},[51,71404,1766],{"id":1765},[20,71406,71407,71408,93],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71409,327],{},[30,71411,71412,71415,71418,71424,71428],{},[33,71413,71414],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[33,71416,71417],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[33,71419,37120,71420,8855,71422],{},[15,71421,327],{},[15,71423,55453],{},[33,71425,1792,71426,61898],{},[15,71427,327],{},[33,71429,71430],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71432,71433],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[56,71435,71437],{"className":58,"code":71436,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71438,71439,71449,71463,71477,71495],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71440,71441,71443,71445,71447],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71442,165],{"class":164},[65,71444,168],{"class":79},[65,71446,8490],{"class":147},[65,71448,174],{"class":79},[65,71450,71451,71453,71455,71457,71459,71461],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,71452,165],{"class":164},[65,71454,168],{"class":79},[65,71456,1863],{"class":164},[65,71458,168],{"class":79},[65,71460,8490],{"class":147},[65,71462,1870],{"class":79},[65,71464,71465,71467,71469,71471,71473,71475],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,71466,165],{"class":164},[65,71468,168],{"class":79},[65,71470,8490],{"class":147},[65,71472,144],{"class":79},[65,71474,1078],{"class":147},[65,71476,980],{"class":79},[65,71478,71479,71481,71483,71485,71487,71489,71491,71493],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,71480,165],{"class":164},[65,71482,168],{"class":79},[65,71484,8490],{"class":147},[65,71486,144],{"class":79},[65,71488,1078],{"class":147},[65,71490,168],{"class":79},[65,71492,2267],{"class":96},[65,71494,1870],{"class":79},[65,71496,71497,71499,71501,71503,71505,71507],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,71498,165],{"class":164},[65,71500,168],{"class":79},[65,71502,3370],{"class":1368},[65,71504,168],{"class":79},[65,71506,35760],{"class":147},[65,71508,1870],{"class":79},[20,71510,71511],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[30,71513,71514,71520],{},[33,71515,71516,71519],{},[15,71517,71518],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[33,71521,71522,71525],{},[15,71523,71524],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71527,71528,71529,71532],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71530,71531],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[51,71534,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,71536,71538],{"id":71537},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71540,71541,71542,71544],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71543,327],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1059,71546,71548],{"id":71547},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71550,71551,71553,71554,71556,71557,144],{},[15,71552,327],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71555,55453],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71558,3930],{},[1059,71560,71562],{"id":71561},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71564,71565,71566,71569],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71567,71568],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1059,71571,71573],{"id":71572},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71575,71576,71577,71579],{},"Python raises ",[15,71578,70658],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[51,71581,2015],{"id":2014},[30,71583,71584,71588,71593,71598,71603],{},[33,71585,71586],{},[88,71587,55439],{"href":54991},[33,71589,71590],{},[88,71591,71592],{"href":54996},"Python list remove() method",[33,71594,71595],{},[88,71596,71597],{"href":58890},"Python list index() method",[33,71599,71600],{},[88,71601,71602],{"href":50902},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[33,71604,71605],{},[88,71606,69186],{"href":69185},[2071,71608,71609],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":71611},[71612,71613,71614,71615,71616,71617,71618,71623,71629,71630,71636],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":69787,"depth":133,"text":69788},{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":70097,"depth":133,"text":70098},{"id":70226,"depth":133,"text":70227},{"id":70497,"depth":133,"text":70498},{"id":70644,"depth":133,"text":70645,"children":71619},[71620,71621,71622],{"id":70648,"depth":154,"text":70649},{"id":70786,"depth":154,"text":70787},{"id":70969,"depth":154,"text":70970},{"id":71166,"depth":133,"text":71167,"children":71624},[71625,71627],{"id":71173,"depth":154,"text":71626},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71189,"depth":154,"text":71628},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":71631},[71632,71633,71634,71635],{"id":71537,"depth":154,"text":71538},{"id":71547,"depth":154,"text":71548},{"id":71561,"depth":154,"text":71562},{"id":71572,"depth":154,"text":71573},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69654,"description":71637},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71644,"title":71645,"body":71646,"description":73432,"extension":2111,"meta":73433,"navigation":157,"path":73434,"seo":73435,"stem":73436,"__hash__":73437},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71647,"toc":73414},[71648,71651,71656,71662,71664,71734,71740,71744,71749,71770,71773,71840,71842,71863,71871,71873,71892,71908,71910,71975,71977,72002,72004,72006,72071,72073,72098,72100,72114,72117,72170,72172,72193,72197,72205,72278,72280,72313,72319,72325,72416,72418,72443,72449,72538,72540,72564,72566,72570,72625,72627,72659,72662,72665,72759,72761,72794,72800,72806,72810,72817,72843,72847,72912,72914,72939,72943,73024,73026,73055,73060,73065,73071,73075,73082,73104,73108,73167,73169,73193,73202,73207,73209,73213,73242,73244,73319,73322,73336,73342,73344,73348,73351,73355,73360,73364,73373,73377,73385,73387,73411],[10,71649,71645],{"id":71650},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71652,22,71653,71655],{},[15,71654,54999],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71657,71658,71659,71661],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[46,71660,1714],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[51,71663,54],{"id":53},[56,71665,71667],{"className":58,"code":71666,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71668,71669,71701,71719,71729],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71670,71671,71673,71675,71677,71679,71681,71683,71685,71687,71689,71691,71693,71695,71697,71699],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71672,7929],{"class":71},[65,71674,76],{"class":75},[65,71676,3773],{"class":79},[65,71678,84],{"class":83},[65,71680,4234],{"class":87},[65,71682,84],{"class":83},[65,71684,100],{"class":79},[65,71686,103],{"class":83},[65,71688,4243],{"class":87},[65,71690,84],{"class":83},[65,71692,100],{"class":79},[65,71694,103],{"class":83},[65,71696,33132],{"class":87},[65,71698,84],{"class":83},[65,71700,3786],{"class":79},[65,71702,71703,71705,71707,71709,71711,71713,71715,71717],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,71704,7960],{"class":71},[65,71706,144],{"class":79},[65,71708,34707],{"class":147},[65,71710,168],{"class":79},[65,71712,84],{"class":83},[65,71714,4243],{"class":87},[65,71716,84],{"class":83},[65,71718,174],{"class":79},[65,71720,71721,71723,71725,71727],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,71722,165],{"class":164},[65,71724,168],{"class":79},[65,71726,7960],{"class":147},[65,71728,174],{"class":79},[65,71730,71731],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,71732,71733],{"class":3816},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71735,1309,71736,71739],{},[15,71737,71738],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[51,71741,71743],{"id":71742},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71745,71746,71748],{},[15,71747,55453],{}," is a list method that:",[30,71750,71751,71757,71762,71767],{},[33,71752,71753,71754,71756],{},"Deletes the ",[46,71755,1597],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[33,71758,71759,71760],{},"Changes the original list ",[46,71761,11476],{},[33,71763,1966,71764,71766],{},[46,71765,1014],{}," return a new list",[33,71768,71769],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71771,71772],{},"This is important for beginners:",[56,71774,71776],{"className":58,"code":71775,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71777,71778,71798,71816,71820,71830],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71779,71780,71782,71784,71786,71788,71790,71792,71794,71796],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71781,3768],{"class":71},[65,71783,76],{"class":75},[65,71785,3773],{"class":79},[65,71787,3135],{"class":96},[65,71789,100],{"class":79},[65,71791,113],{"class":96},[65,71793,100],{"class":79},[65,71795,127],{"class":96},[65,71797,3786],{"class":79},[65,71799,71800,71802,71804,71806,71808,71810,71812,71814],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,71801,401],{"class":71},[65,71803,76],{"class":75},[65,71805,4419],{"class":71},[65,71807,144],{"class":79},[65,71809,34707],{"class":147},[65,71811,168],{"class":79},[65,71813,2204],{"class":96},[65,71815,174],{"class":79},[65,71817,71818],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,71819,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,71821,71822,71824,71826,71828],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,71823,165],{"class":164},[65,71825,168],{"class":79},[65,71827,3800],{"class":147},[65,71829,174],{"class":79},[65,71831,71832,71834,71836,71838],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,71833,165],{"class":164},[65,71835,168],{"class":79},[65,71837,425],{"class":147},[65,71839,174],{"class":79},[20,71841,191],{},[56,71843,71845],{"className":58,"code":71844,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71846,71847,71859],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71848,71849,71851,71853,71855,71857],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71850,4054],{"class":79},[65,71852,3135],{"class":96},[65,71854,100],{"class":79},[65,71856,127],{"class":96},[65,71858,3786],{"class":79},[65,71860,71861],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,71862,11943],{"class":4005},[20,71864,71865,71866,71868,71869,144],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71867,55453],{}," itself returned ",[15,71870,3930],{},[51,71872,5583],{"id":5582},[56,71874,71876],{"className":58,"code":71875,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71877,71878],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71879,71880,71882,71884,71886,71888,71890],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71881,8244],{"class":1368},[65,71883,144],{"class":79},[65,71885,34707],{"class":147},[65,71887,168],{"class":79},[65,71889,1714],{"class":147},[65,71891,174],{"class":79},[30,71893,71894,71899,71902],{},[33,71895,71896,71898],{},[15,71897,1714],{}," is the item you want to delete",[33,71900,71901],{},"Python searches from left to right",[33,71903,71904,71905,71907],{},"Only the ",[46,71906,1597],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71909,350],{},[56,71911,71913],{"className":58,"code":71912,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71914,71915,71947,71965],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71916,71917,71919,71921,71923,71925,71927,71929,71931,71933,71935,71937,71939,71941,71943,71945],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71918,36005],{"class":71},[65,71920,76],{"class":75},[65,71922,3773],{"class":79},[65,71924,84],{"class":83},[65,71926,88],{"class":87},[65,71928,84],{"class":83},[65,71930,100],{"class":79},[65,71932,103],{"class":83},[65,71934,106],{"class":87},[65,71936,84],{"class":83},[65,71938,100],{"class":79},[65,71940,103],{"class":83},[65,71942,120],{"class":87},[65,71944,84],{"class":83},[65,71946,3786],{"class":79},[65,71948,71949,71951,71953,71955,71957,71959,71961,71963],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,71950,36058],{"class":71},[65,71952,144],{"class":79},[65,71954,34707],{"class":147},[65,71956,168],{"class":79},[65,71958,84],{"class":83},[65,71960,106],{"class":87},[65,71962,84],{"class":83},[65,71964,174],{"class":79},[65,71966,71967,71969,71971,71973],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,71968,165],{"class":164},[65,71970,168],{"class":79},[65,71972,36058],{"class":147},[65,71974,174],{"class":79},[20,71976,191],{},[56,71978,71980],{"className":58,"code":71979,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71981,71982],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,71983,71984,71986,71988,71990,71992,71994,71996,71998,72000],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,71985,4054],{"class":79},[65,71987,203],{"class":83},[65,71989,88],{"class":87},[65,71991,203],{"class":83},[65,71993,100],{"class":79},[65,71995,233],{"class":83},[65,71997,120],{"class":87},[65,71999,203],{"class":83},[65,72001,3786],{"class":79},[51,72003,5939],{"id":5938},[20,72005,65101],{},[56,72007,72009],{"className":58,"code":72008,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72010,72011,72043,72061],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72012,72013,72015,72017,72019,72021,72023,72025,72027,72029,72031,72033,72035,72037,72039,72041],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72014,13206],{"class":71},[65,72016,76],{"class":75},[65,72018,3773],{"class":79},[65,72020,84],{"class":83},[65,72022,13223],{"class":87},[65,72024,84],{"class":83},[65,72026,100],{"class":79},[65,72028,103],{"class":83},[65,72030,13240],{"class":87},[65,72032,84],{"class":83},[65,72034,100],{"class":79},[65,72036,103],{"class":83},[65,72038,17570],{"class":87},[65,72040,84],{"class":83},[65,72042,3786],{"class":79},[65,72044,72045,72047,72049,72051,72053,72055,72057,72059],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,72046,17617],{"class":71},[65,72048,144],{"class":79},[65,72050,34707],{"class":147},[65,72052,168],{"class":79},[65,72054,84],{"class":83},[65,72056,13240],{"class":87},[65,72058,84],{"class":83},[65,72060,174],{"class":79},[65,72062,72063,72065,72067,72069],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,72064,165],{"class":164},[65,72066,168],{"class":79},[65,72068,17617],{"class":147},[65,72070,174],{"class":79},[20,72072,191],{},[56,72074,72076],{"className":58,"code":72075,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72077,72078],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72079,72080,72082,72084,72086,72088,72090,72092,72094,72096],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72081,4054],{"class":79},[65,72083,203],{"class":83},[65,72085,13223],{"class":87},[65,72087,203],{"class":83},[65,72089,100],{"class":79},[65,72091,233],{"class":83},[65,72093,17570],{"class":87},[65,72095,203],{"class":83},[65,72097,3786],{"class":79},[20,72099,11820],{},[30,72101,72102,72105,72111],{},[33,72103,72104],{},"A list is created with three values",[33,72106,72107,72110],{},[15,72108,72109],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[33,72112,72113],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72115,72116],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[56,72118,72120],{"className":58,"code":72119,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72121,72122,72146,72160],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72123,72124,72126,72128,72130,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140,72142,72144],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72125,519],{"class":71},[65,72127,76],{"class":75},[65,72129,3773],{"class":79},[65,72131,2476],{"class":96},[65,72133,100],{"class":79},[65,72135,7940],{"class":96},[65,72137,100],{"class":79},[65,72139,7945],{"class":96},[65,72141,100],{"class":79},[65,72143,50766],{"class":96},[65,72145,3786],{"class":79},[65,72147,72148,72150,72152,72154,72156,72158],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,72149,16511],{"class":71},[65,72151,144],{"class":79},[65,72153,34707],{"class":147},[65,72155,168],{"class":79},[65,72157,36757],{"class":96},[65,72159,174],{"class":79},[65,72161,72162,72164,72166,72168],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,72163,165],{"class":164},[65,72165,168],{"class":79},[65,72167,16511],{"class":147},[65,72169,174],{"class":79},[20,72171,191],{},[56,72173,72175],{"className":58,"code":72174,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72176,72177],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72178,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72180,4054],{"class":79},[65,72182,2476],{"class":96},[65,72184,100],{"class":79},[65,72186,7940],{"class":96},[65,72188,100],{"class":79},[65,72190,50766],{"class":96},[65,72192,3786],{"class":79},[51,72194,72196],{"id":72195},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72198,65091,72199,72201,72202,72204],{},[15,72200,55453],{}," deletes only the ",[46,72203,1597],{}," one.",[56,72206,72208],{"className":58,"code":72207,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72209,72210,72250,72268],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72211,72212,72214,72216,72218,72220,72222,72224,72226,72228,72230,72232,72234,72236,72238,72240,72242,72244,72246,72248],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72213,7929],{"class":71},[65,72215,76],{"class":75},[65,72217,3773],{"class":79},[65,72219,84],{"class":83},[65,72221,4234],{"class":87},[65,72223,84],{"class":83},[65,72225,100],{"class":79},[65,72227,103],{"class":83},[65,72229,4243],{"class":87},[65,72231,84],{"class":83},[65,72233,100],{"class":79},[65,72235,103],{"class":83},[65,72237,4234],{"class":87},[65,72239,84],{"class":83},[65,72241,100],{"class":79},[65,72243,103],{"class":83},[65,72245,33132],{"class":87},[65,72247,84],{"class":83},[65,72249,3786],{"class":79},[65,72251,72252,72254,72256,72258,72260,72262,72264,72266],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,72253,7960],{"class":71},[65,72255,144],{"class":79},[65,72257,34707],{"class":147},[65,72259,168],{"class":79},[65,72261,84],{"class":83},[65,72263,4234],{"class":87},[65,72265,84],{"class":83},[65,72267,174],{"class":79},[65,72269,72270,72272,72274,72276],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,72271,165],{"class":164},[65,72273,168],{"class":79},[65,72275,7960],{"class":147},[65,72277,174],{"class":79},[20,72279,191],{},[56,72281,72283],{"className":58,"code":72282,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72284,72285],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72286,72287,72289,72291,72293,72295,72297,72299,72301,72303,72305,72307,72309,72311],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72288,4054],{"class":79},[65,72290,203],{"class":83},[65,72292,4243],{"class":87},[65,72294,203],{"class":83},[65,72296,100],{"class":79},[65,72298,233],{"class":83},[65,72300,4234],{"class":87},[65,72302,203],{"class":83},[65,72304,100],{"class":79},[65,72306,233],{"class":83},[65,72308,33132],{"class":87},[65,72310,203],{"class":83},[65,72312,3786],{"class":79},[20,72314,72315,72316,72318],{},"Only the first ",[15,72317,57758],{}," was removed.",[20,72320,72321,72322,72324],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72323,55453],{}," again:",[56,72326,72328],{"className":58,"code":72327,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72329,72330,72370,72388,72406],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72331,72332,72334,72336,72338,72340,72342,72344,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356,72358,72360,72362,72364,72366,72368],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72333,7929],{"class":71},[65,72335,76],{"class":75},[65,72337,3773],{"class":79},[65,72339,84],{"class":83},[65,72341,4234],{"class":87},[65,72343,84],{"class":83},[65,72345,100],{"class":79},[65,72347,103],{"class":83},[65,72349,4243],{"class":87},[65,72351,84],{"class":83},[65,72353,100],{"class":79},[65,72355,103],{"class":83},[65,72357,4234],{"class":87},[65,72359,84],{"class":83},[65,72361,100],{"class":79},[65,72363,103],{"class":83},[65,72365,33132],{"class":87},[65,72367,84],{"class":83},[65,72369,3786],{"class":79},[65,72371,72372,72374,72376,72378,72380,72382,72384,72386],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,72373,7960],{"class":71},[65,72375,144],{"class":79},[65,72377,34707],{"class":147},[65,72379,168],{"class":79},[65,72381,84],{"class":83},[65,72383,4234],{"class":87},[65,72385,84],{"class":83},[65,72387,174],{"class":79},[65,72389,72390,72392,72394,72396,72398,72400,72402,72404],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,72391,7960],{"class":71},[65,72393,144],{"class":79},[65,72395,34707],{"class":147},[65,72397,168],{"class":79},[65,72399,84],{"class":83},[65,72401,4234],{"class":87},[65,72403,84],{"class":83},[65,72405,174],{"class":79},[65,72407,72408,72410,72412,72414],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,72409,165],{"class":164},[65,72411,168],{"class":79},[65,72413,7960],{"class":147},[65,72415,174],{"class":79},[20,72417,191],{},[56,72419,72421],{"className":58,"code":72420,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72422,72423],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72424,72425,72427,72429,72431,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72426,4054],{"class":79},[65,72428,203],{"class":83},[65,72430,4243],{"class":87},[65,72432,203],{"class":83},[65,72434,100],{"class":79},[65,72436,233],{"class":83},[65,72438,33132],{"class":87},[65,72440,203],{"class":83},[65,72442,3786],{"class":79},[20,72444,72445,72446,72448],{},"If you need to remove ",[46,72447,3867],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[56,72450,72452],{"className":58,"code":72451,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72453,72454,72494,72528],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72455,72456,72458,72460,72462,72464,72466,72468,72470,72472,72474,72476,72478,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72457,7929],{"class":71},[65,72459,76],{"class":75},[65,72461,3773],{"class":79},[65,72463,84],{"class":83},[65,72465,4234],{"class":87},[65,72467,84],{"class":83},[65,72469,100],{"class":79},[65,72471,103],{"class":83},[65,72473,4243],{"class":87},[65,72475,84],{"class":83},[65,72477,100],{"class":79},[65,72479,103],{"class":83},[65,72481,4234],{"class":87},[65,72483,84],{"class":83},[65,72485,100],{"class":79},[65,72487,103],{"class":83},[65,72489,33132],{"class":87},[65,72491,84],{"class":83},[65,72493,3786],{"class":79},[65,72495,72496,72498,72500,72502,72504,72506,72508,72510,72513,72515,72517,72520,72522,72524,72526],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,72497,7929],{"class":71},[65,72499,76],{"class":75},[65,72501,3773],{"class":79},[65,72503,136],{"class":71},[65,72505,6110],{"class":1405},[65,72507,6113],{"class":71},[65,72509,4036],{"class":1405},[65,72511,72512],{"class":71}," items ",[65,72514,1406],{"class":1405},[65,72516,6113],{"class":71},[65,72518,72519],{"class":75},"!=",[65,72521,103],{"class":83},[65,72523,4234],{"class":87},[65,72525,84],{"class":83},[65,72527,3786],{"class":79},[65,72529,72530,72532,72534,72536],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,72531,165],{"class":164},[65,72533,168],{"class":79},[65,72535,7960],{"class":147},[65,72537,174],{"class":79},[20,72539,191],{},[56,72541,72542],{"className":58,"code":72420,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,72543,72544],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72545,72546,72548,72550,72552,72554,72556,72558,72560,72562],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72547,4054],{"class":79},[65,72549,203],{"class":83},[65,72551,4243],{"class":87},[65,72553,203],{"class":83},[65,72555,100],{"class":79},[65,72557,233],{"class":83},[65,72559,33132],{"class":87},[65,72561,203],{"class":83},[65,72563,3786],{"class":79},[51,72565,65557],{"id":65556},[20,72567,65560,72568,144],{},[15,72569,40622],{},[56,72571,72573],{"className":58,"code":72572,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72574,72575,72607],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72576,72577,72579,72581,72583,72585,72587,72589,72591,72593,72595,72597,72599,72601,72603,72605],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72578,7929],{"class":71},[65,72580,76],{"class":75},[65,72582,3773],{"class":79},[65,72584,84],{"class":83},[65,72586,4234],{"class":87},[65,72588,84],{"class":83},[65,72590,100],{"class":79},[65,72592,103],{"class":83},[65,72594,4243],{"class":87},[65,72596,84],{"class":83},[65,72598,100],{"class":79},[65,72600,103],{"class":83},[65,72602,33132],{"class":87},[65,72604,84],{"class":83},[65,72606,3786],{"class":79},[65,72608,72609,72611,72613,72615,72617,72619,72621,72623],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,72610,7960],{"class":71},[65,72612,144],{"class":79},[65,72614,34707],{"class":147},[65,72616,168],{"class":79},[65,72618,84],{"class":83},[65,72620,22640],{"class":87},[65,72622,84],{"class":83},[65,72624,174],{"class":79},[20,72626,191],{},[56,72628,72630],{"className":58,"code":72629,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72631,72632],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72633,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644,72646,72648,72650,72652,72654,72656],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72635,40622],{"class":1368},[65,72637,93],{"class":79},[65,72639,22667],{"class":1368},[65,72641,144],{"class":79},[65,72643,34707],{"class":147},[65,72645,168],{"class":79},[65,72647,931],{"class":147},[65,72649,1287],{"class":79},[65,72651,4033],{"class":71},[65,72653,1014],{"class":75},[65,72655,21289],{"class":75},[65,72657,72658],{"class":1368}," list\n",[20,72660,72661],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72663,72664],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[56,72666,72668],{"className":58,"code":72667,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72669,72670,72702,72714,72718,72730,72745,72749],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72671,72672,72674,72676,72678,72680,72682,72684,72686,72688,72690,72692,72694,72696,72698,72700],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72673,7929],{"class":71},[65,72675,76],{"class":75},[65,72677,3773],{"class":79},[65,72679,84],{"class":83},[65,72681,4234],{"class":87},[65,72683,84],{"class":83},[65,72685,100],{"class":79},[65,72687,103],{"class":83},[65,72689,4243],{"class":87},[65,72691,84],{"class":83},[65,72693,100],{"class":79},[65,72695,103],{"class":83},[65,72697,33132],{"class":87},[65,72699,84],{"class":83},[65,72701,3786],{"class":79},[65,72703,72704,72706,72708,72710,72712],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,72705,1189],{"class":71},[65,72707,76],{"class":75},[65,72709,103],{"class":83},[65,72711,22640],{"class":87},[65,72713,1650],{"class":83},[65,72715,72716],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,72717,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,72719,72720,72722,72724,72726,72728],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,72721,1406],{"class":1405},[65,72723,492],{"class":71},[65,72725,4036],{"class":75},[65,72727,6118],{"class":71},[65,72729,1411],{"class":79},[65,72731,72732,72735,72737,72739,72741,72743],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,72733,72734],{"class":71},"    items",[65,72736,144],{"class":79},[65,72738,34707],{"class":147},[65,72740,168],{"class":79},[65,72742,1714],{"class":147},[65,72744,174],{"class":79},[65,72746,72747],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,72748,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,72750,72751,72753,72755,72757],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,72752,165],{"class":164},[65,72754,168],{"class":79},[65,72756,7960],{"class":147},[65,72758,174],{"class":79},[20,72760,191],{},[56,72762,72764],{"className":58,"code":72763,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72765,72766],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72767,72768,72770,72772,72774,72776,72778,72780,72782,72784,72786,72788,72790,72792],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72769,4054],{"class":79},[65,72771,203],{"class":83},[65,72773,4234],{"class":87},[65,72775,203],{"class":83},[65,72777,100],{"class":79},[65,72779,233],{"class":83},[65,72781,4243],{"class":87},[65,72783,203],{"class":83},[65,72785,100],{"class":79},[65,72787,233],{"class":83},[65,72789,33132],{"class":87},[65,72791,203],{"class":83},[65,72793,3786],{"class":79},[20,72795,72796,72797,72799],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72798,55453],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72801,72802,72803,144],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[88,72804,65766],{"href":72805},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[51,72807,72809],{"id":72808},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72811,72812,1048,72814,72816],{},[15,72813,55453],{},[15,72815,327],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[30,72818,72819,72826,72832,72838],{},[33,72820,72821,72823,72824],{},[15,72822,55453],{}," deletes by ",[46,72825,1714],{},[33,72827,72828,72823,72830],{},[15,72829,327],{},[46,72831,35760],{},[33,72833,72834,2543,72836],{},[15,72835,55453],{},[15,72837,3930],{},[33,72839,72840,72842],{},[15,72841,327],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72844,45961,72845,93],{},[15,72846,55453],{},[56,72848,72850],{"className":58,"code":72849,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72851,72852,72884,72902],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72853,72854,72856,72858,72860,72862,72864,72866,72868,72870,72872,72874,72876,72878,72880,72882],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72855,7929],{"class":71},[65,72857,76],{"class":75},[65,72859,3773],{"class":79},[65,72861,84],{"class":83},[65,72863,4234],{"class":87},[65,72865,84],{"class":83},[65,72867,100],{"class":79},[65,72869,103],{"class":83},[65,72871,4243],{"class":87},[65,72873,84],{"class":83},[65,72875,100],{"class":79},[65,72877,103],{"class":83},[65,72879,33132],{"class":87},[65,72881,84],{"class":83},[65,72883,3786],{"class":79},[65,72885,72886,72888,72890,72892,72894,72896,72898,72900],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,72887,7960],{"class":71},[65,72889,144],{"class":79},[65,72891,34707],{"class":147},[65,72893,168],{"class":79},[65,72895,84],{"class":83},[65,72897,4243],{"class":87},[65,72899,84],{"class":83},[65,72901,174],{"class":79},[65,72903,72904,72906,72908,72910],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,72905,165],{"class":164},[65,72907,168],{"class":79},[65,72909,7960],{"class":147},[65,72911,174],{"class":79},[20,72913,191],{},[56,72915,72917],{"className":58,"code":72916,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72918,72919],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72920,72921,72923,72925,72927,72929,72931,72933,72935,72937],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72922,4054],{"class":79},[65,72924,203],{"class":83},[65,72926,4234],{"class":87},[65,72928,203],{"class":83},[65,72930,100],{"class":79},[65,72932,233],{"class":83},[65,72934,33132],{"class":87},[65,72936,203],{"class":83},[65,72938,3786],{"class":79},[20,72940,45961,72941,93],{},[15,72942,327],{},[56,72944,72946],{"className":58,"code":72945,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72947,72948,72980,72999,73003,73013],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,72949,72950,72952,72954,72956,72958,72960,72962,72964,72966,72968,72970,72972,72974,72976,72978],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,72951,7929],{"class":71},[65,72953,76],{"class":75},[65,72955,3773],{"class":79},[65,72957,84],{"class":83},[65,72959,4234],{"class":87},[65,72961,84],{"class":83},[65,72963,100],{"class":79},[65,72965,103],{"class":83},[65,72967,4243],{"class":87},[65,72969,84],{"class":83},[65,72971,100],{"class":79},[65,72973,103],{"class":83},[65,72975,33132],{"class":87},[65,72977,84],{"class":83},[65,72979,3786],{"class":79},[65,72981,72982,72985,72987,72989,72991,72993,72995,72997],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,72983,72984],{"class":71},"removed_item ",[65,72986,76],{"class":75},[65,72988,6118],{"class":71},[65,72990,144],{"class":79},[65,72992,1078],{"class":147},[65,72994,168],{"class":79},[65,72996,3135],{"class":96},[65,72998,174],{"class":79},[65,73000,73001],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,73002,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,73004,73005,73007,73009,73011],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,73006,165],{"class":164},[65,73008,168],{"class":79},[65,73010,7960],{"class":147},[65,73012,174],{"class":79},[65,73014,73015,73017,73019,73022],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,73016,165],{"class":164},[65,73018,168],{"class":79},[65,73020,73021],{"class":147},"removed_item",[65,73023,174],{"class":79},[20,73025,191],{},[56,73027,73029],{"className":58,"code":73028,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73030,73031,73051],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73032,73033,73035,73037,73039,73041,73043,73045,73047,73049],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73034,4054],{"class":79},[65,73036,203],{"class":83},[65,73038,4234],{"class":87},[65,73040,203],{"class":83},[65,73042,100],{"class":79},[65,73044,233],{"class":83},[65,73046,33132],{"class":87},[65,73048,203],{"class":83},[65,73050,3786],{"class":79},[65,73052,73053],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,73054,70333],{"class":71},[20,73056,1309,73057,73059],{},[15,73058,55453],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73061,1309,73062,73064],{},[15,73063,327],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73066,73067,73068,144],{},"For more detail, see the ",[88,73069,73070],{"href":55003},"Python list pop() method",[51,73072,73074],{"id":73073},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73076,73077,1048,73079,73081],{},[15,73078,55453],{},[15,73080,27130],{}," are also different.",[30,73083,73084,73089,73094,73099],{},[33,73085,73086,73088],{},[15,73087,55453],{}," deletes by matching value",[33,73090,73091,73093],{},[15,73092,27130],{}," deletes by index or slice",[33,73095,1309,73096,73098],{},[15,73097,27130],{}," when you know the position",[33,73100,1309,73101,73103],{},[15,73102,55453],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73105,45961,73106,93],{},[15,73107,27130],{},[56,73109,73111],{"className":58,"code":73110,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73112,73113,73145,73157],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73114,73115,73117,73119,73121,73123,73125,73127,73129,73131,73133,73135,73137,73139,73141,73143],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73116,7929],{"class":71},[65,73118,76],{"class":75},[65,73120,3773],{"class":79},[65,73122,84],{"class":83},[65,73124,4234],{"class":87},[65,73126,84],{"class":83},[65,73128,100],{"class":79},[65,73130,103],{"class":83},[65,73132,4243],{"class":87},[65,73134,84],{"class":83},[65,73136,100],{"class":79},[65,73138,103],{"class":83},[65,73140,33132],{"class":87},[65,73142,84],{"class":83},[65,73144,3786],{"class":79},[65,73146,73147,73149,73151,73153,73155],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,73148,27130],{"class":1405},[65,73150,6118],{"class":71},[65,73152,4054],{"class":79},[65,73154,3135],{"class":96},[65,73156,3786],{"class":79},[65,73158,73159,73161,73163,73165],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,73160,165],{"class":164},[65,73162,168],{"class":79},[65,73164,7960],{"class":147},[65,73166,174],{"class":79},[20,73168,191],{},[56,73170,73171],{"className":58,"code":72916,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,73172,73173],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73174,73175,73177,73179,73181,73183,73185,73187,73189,73191],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73176,4054],{"class":79},[65,73178,203],{"class":83},[65,73180,4234],{"class":87},[65,73182,203],{"class":83},[65,73184,100],{"class":79},[65,73186,233],{"class":83},[65,73188,33132],{"class":87},[65,73190,203],{"class":83},[65,73192,3786],{"class":79},[20,73194,73195,73196,73198,73199,73201],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73197,3135],{},", not the value ",[15,73200,65201],{}," directly.",[20,73203,73204,73205,144],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[88,73206,54992],{"href":54991},[51,73208,1766],{"id":1765},[20,73210,21327,73211,93],{},[15,73212,55453],{},[30,73214,73215,73218,73223,73230,73239],{},[33,73216,73217],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[33,73219,1792,73220,73222],{},[15,73221,55453],{}," to delete all matching values",[33,73224,12728,73225,73227,73228],{},[15,73226,55453],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73229,3930],{},[33,73231,8569,73232,44550,73234,3024,73236,73238],{},[15,73233,55453],{},[15,73235,327],{},[15,73237,27130],{}," would be a better fit",[33,73240,73241],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73243,71433],{},[56,73245,73247],{"className":58,"code":73246,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73248,73249,73259,73273,73291,73305],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73250,73251,73253,73255,73257],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73252,165],{"class":164},[65,73254,168],{"class":79},[65,73256,8490],{"class":147},[65,73258,174],{"class":79},[65,73260,73261,73263,73265,73267,73269,73271],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,73262,165],{"class":164},[65,73264,168],{"class":79},[65,73266,1189],{"class":147},[65,73268,4036],{"class":1405},[65,73270,8547],{"class":147},[65,73272,174],{"class":79},[65,73274,73275,73277,73279,73281,73283,73285,73287,73289],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,73276,165],{"class":164},[65,73278,168],{"class":79},[65,73280,8490],{"class":147},[65,73282,144],{"class":79},[65,73284,41178],{"class":147},[65,73286,168],{"class":79},[65,73288,1714],{"class":147},[65,73290,1870],{"class":79},[65,73292,73293,73295,73297,73299,73301,73303],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,73294,165],{"class":164},[65,73296,168],{"class":79},[65,73298,3370],{"class":1368},[65,73300,168],{"class":79},[65,73302,8490],{"class":147},[65,73304,1870],{"class":79},[65,73306,73307,73309,73311,73313,73315,73317],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,73308,32063],{"class":164},[65,73310,168],{"class":79},[65,73312,8244],{"class":1368},[65,73314,144],{"class":79},[65,73316,34707],{"class":24857},[65,73318,174],{"class":79},[20,73320,73321],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[30,73323,73324,73327,73330,73333],{},[33,73325,73326],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[33,73328,73329],{},"How many times does it appear?",[33,73331,73332],{},"Am I working with a list?",[33,73334,73335],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73337,73338,73339,73341],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[88,73340,71597],{"href":58890}," may also help.",[51,73343,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,73345,73347],{"id":73346},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73349,73350],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1059,73352,73354],{"id":73353},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73356,5298,73357,73359],{},[15,73358,3930],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1059,73361,73363],{"id":73362},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73365,73366,73367,73370,73371,144],{},"Check with ",[15,73368,73369],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73372,55453],{},[1059,73374,73376],{"id":73375},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73378,1309,73379,73381,73382,73384],{},[15,73380,55453],{}," for a value and ",[15,73383,327],{}," for an index.",[51,73386,2015],{"id":2014},[30,73388,73389,73393,73397,73401,73405],{},[33,73390,73391],{},[88,73392,55439],{"href":54991},[33,73394,73395],{},[88,73396,73070],{"href":55003},[33,73398,73399],{},[88,73400,71597],{"href":58890},[33,73402,73403],{},[88,73404,65766],{"href":72805},[33,73406,73407],{},[88,73408,73410],{"href":73409},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2071,73412,73413],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":73415},[73416,73417,73418,73419,73420,73421,73422,73423,73424,73425,73431],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":71742,"depth":133,"text":71743},{"id":5582,"depth":133,"text":5583},{"id":5938,"depth":133,"text":5939},{"id":72195,"depth":133,"text":72196},{"id":65556,"depth":133,"text":65557},{"id":72808,"depth":133,"text":72809},{"id":73073,"depth":133,"text":73074},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":73426},[73427,73428,73429,73430],{"id":73346,"depth":154,"text":73347},{"id":73353,"depth":154,"text":73354},{"id":73362,"depth":154,"text":73363},{"id":73375,"depth":154,"text":73376},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71645,"description":73432},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73439,"title":73440,"body":73441,"description":75332,"extension":2111,"meta":75333,"navigation":157,"path":75334,"seo":75335,"stem":75336,"__hash__":75337},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73442,"toc":75302},[73443,73449,73455,73458,73469,73471,73520,73525,73530,73534,73549,73551,73616,73618,73659,73661,73663,73678,73680,73691,73693,73750,73752,73785,73787,73790,73839,73841,73866,73868,73884,73890,73897,73958,73960,73993,73998,74001,74081,74083,74144,74150,74154,74157,74221,74223,74248,74250,74270,74272,74321,74323,74344,74353,74356,74360,74365,74410,74412,74433,74439,74444,74452,74516,74518,74555,74561,74565,74572,74637,74639,74676,74680,74697,74707,74712,74717,74728,74735,74737,74743,74766,74769,74796,74801,74804,74905,74907,74962,74965,75072,75074,75145,75148,75174,75176,75181,75185,75193,75198,75203,75209,75214,75218,75221,75238,75241,75261,75269,75271,75299],[10,73444,54266,73446,18],{"id":73445},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73447,73448],{},"reverse()",[20,73450,73451,73454],{},[15,73452,73453],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73456,73457],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73459,73460,73461,73463,73464,73468],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73462,73448],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[88,73465,73467],{"href":73466},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[51,73470,3758],{"id":3757},[56,73472,73474],{"className":58,"code":73473,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73475,73476,73496,73507],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73477,73478,73480,73482,73484,73486,73488,73490,73492,73494],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73479,3768],{"class":71},[65,73481,76],{"class":75},[65,73483,3773],{"class":79},[65,73485,3135],{"class":96},[65,73487,100],{"class":79},[65,73489,113],{"class":96},[65,73491,100],{"class":79},[65,73493,127],{"class":96},[65,73495,3786],{"class":79},[65,73497,73498,73500,73502,73505],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,73499,3800],{"class":71},[65,73501,144],{"class":79},[65,73503,73504],{"class":147},"reverse",[65,73506,151],{"class":79},[65,73508,73509,73511,73513,73515,73517],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,73510,165],{"class":164},[65,73512,168],{"class":79},[65,73514,3800],{"class":147},[65,73516,3813],{"class":79},[65,73518,73519],{"class":3816},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73521,73522,73524],{},[15,73523,73448],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[51,73526,252,73528,255],{"id":73527},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73529,73453],{},[20,73531,73532,93],{},[15,73533,73453],{},[30,73535,73536,73539,73542,73546],{},[33,73537,73538],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[33,73540,73541],{},"Changes the original list directly",[33,73543,11566,73544],{},[15,73545,3930],{},[33,73547,73548],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73550,350],{},[56,73552,73554],{"className":58,"code":73553,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73555,73556,73596,73606],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73557,73558,73560,73562,73564,73566,73568,73570,73572,73574,73576,73578,73580,73582,73584,73586,73588,73590,73592,73594],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73559,36005],{"class":71},[65,73561,76],{"class":75},[65,73563,3773],{"class":79},[65,73565,84],{"class":83},[65,73567,88],{"class":87},[65,73569,84],{"class":83},[65,73571,100],{"class":79},[65,73573,103],{"class":83},[65,73575,106],{"class":87},[65,73577,84],{"class":83},[65,73579,100],{"class":79},[65,73581,103],{"class":83},[65,73583,120],{"class":87},[65,73585,84],{"class":83},[65,73587,100],{"class":79},[65,73589,103],{"class":83},[65,73591,18883],{"class":87},[65,73593,84],{"class":83},[65,73595,3786],{"class":79},[65,73597,73598,73600,73602,73604],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,73599,36058],{"class":71},[65,73601,144],{"class":79},[65,73603,73504],{"class":147},[65,73605,151],{"class":79},[65,73607,73608,73610,73612,73614],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,73609,165],{"class":164},[65,73611,168],{"class":79},[65,73613,36058],{"class":147},[65,73615,174],{"class":79},[20,73617,191],{},[56,73619,73621],{"className":58,"code":73620,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73622,73623],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73624,73625,73627,73629,73631,73633,73635,73637,73639,73641,73643,73645,73647,73649,73651,73653,73655,73657],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73626,4054],{"class":79},[65,73628,203],{"class":83},[65,73630,18883],{"class":87},[65,73632,203],{"class":83},[65,73634,100],{"class":79},[65,73636,233],{"class":83},[65,73638,120],{"class":87},[65,73640,203],{"class":83},[65,73642,100],{"class":79},[65,73644,233],{"class":83},[65,73646,106],{"class":87},[65,73648,203],{"class":83},[65,73650,100],{"class":79},[65,73652,233],{"class":83},[65,73654,88],{"class":87},[65,73656,203],{"class":83},[65,73658,3786],{"class":79},[51,73660,283],{"id":282},[20,73662,2307],{},[56,73664,73666],{"className":58,"code":73665,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73667,73668],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73669,73670,73672,73674,73676],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73671,8490],{"class":71},[65,73673,144],{"class":79},[65,73675,73504],{"class":147},[65,73677,151],{"class":79},[20,73679,13182],{},[30,73681,73682,73685,73688],{},[33,73683,73684],{},"No arguments are needed",[33,73686,73687],{},"You call it on an existing list",[33,73689,73690],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73692,350],{},[56,73694,73696],{"className":58,"code":73695,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73697,73698,73730,73740],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73699,73700,73702,73704,73706,73708,73710,73712,73714,73716,73718,73720,73722,73724,73726,73728],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73701,13206],{"class":71},[65,73703,76],{"class":75},[65,73705,3773],{"class":79},[65,73707,84],{"class":83},[65,73709,13223],{"class":87},[65,73711,84],{"class":83},[65,73713,100],{"class":79},[65,73715,103],{"class":83},[65,73717,17570],{"class":87},[65,73719,84],{"class":83},[65,73721,100],{"class":79},[65,73723,103],{"class":83},[65,73725,13240],{"class":87},[65,73727,84],{"class":83},[65,73729,3786],{"class":79},[65,73731,73732,73734,73736,73738],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,73733,17617],{"class":71},[65,73735,144],{"class":79},[65,73737,73504],{"class":147},[65,73739,151],{"class":79},[65,73741,73742,73744,73746,73748],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,73743,165],{"class":164},[65,73745,168],{"class":79},[65,73747,17617],{"class":147},[65,73749,174],{"class":79},[20,73751,191],{},[56,73753,73755],{"className":58,"code":73754,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73756,73757],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73758,73759,73761,73763,73765,73767,73769,73771,73773,73775,73777,73779,73781,73783],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73760,4054],{"class":79},[65,73762,203],{"class":83},[65,73764,13240],{"class":87},[65,73766,203],{"class":83},[65,73768,100],{"class":79},[65,73770,233],{"class":83},[65,73772,17570],{"class":87},[65,73774,203],{"class":83},[65,73776,100],{"class":79},[65,73778,233],{"class":83},[65,73780,13223],{"class":87},[65,73782,203],{"class":83},[65,73784,3786],{"class":79},[51,73786,506],{"id":505},[20,73788,73789],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[56,73791,73793],{"className":58,"code":73792,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73794,73795,73819,73829],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73796,73797,73799,73801,73803,73805,73807,73809,73811,73813,73815,73817],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73798,3768],{"class":71},[65,73800,76],{"class":75},[65,73802,3773],{"class":79},[65,73804,2476],{"class":96},[65,73806,100],{"class":79},[65,73808,7940],{"class":96},[65,73810,100],{"class":79},[65,73812,7945],{"class":96},[65,73814,100],{"class":79},[65,73816,50766],{"class":96},[65,73818,3786],{"class":79},[65,73820,73821,73823,73825,73827],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,73822,3800],{"class":71},[65,73824,144],{"class":79},[65,73826,73504],{"class":147},[65,73828,151],{"class":79},[65,73830,73831,73833,73835,73837],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,73832,165],{"class":164},[65,73834,168],{"class":79},[65,73836,3800],{"class":147},[65,73838,174],{"class":79},[20,73840,191],{},[56,73842,73844],{"className":58,"code":73843,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73845,73846],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73847,73848,73850,73852,73854,73856,73858,73860,73862,73864],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73849,4054],{"class":79},[65,73851,56617],{"class":96},[65,73853,100],{"class":79},[65,73855,7945],{"class":96},[65,73857,100],{"class":79},[65,73859,7940],{"class":96},[65,73861,100],{"class":79},[65,73863,6157],{"class":96},[65,73865,3786],{"class":79},[20,73867,11820],{},[30,73869,73870,73876,73881],{},[33,73871,73872,73873],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73874,73875],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[33,73877,73878,73880],{},[15,73879,73448],{}," flips the order",[33,73882,73883],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[51,73885,73887,73889],{"id":73886},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73888,73448],{}," changes the original list",[20,73891,73892,73893,73896],{},"This method is ",[46,73894,73895],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[56,73898,73900],{"className":58,"code":73899,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73901,73902,73934,73944,73948],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73903,73904,73906,73908,73910,73912,73914,73916,73918,73920,73922,73924,73926,73928,73930,73932],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73905,36154],{"class":71},[65,73907,76],{"class":75},[65,73909,3773],{"class":79},[65,73911,84],{"class":83},[65,73913,4234],{"class":87},[65,73915,84],{"class":83},[65,73917,100],{"class":79},[65,73919,103],{"class":83},[65,73921,4243],{"class":87},[65,73923,84],{"class":83},[65,73925,100],{"class":79},[65,73927,103],{"class":83},[65,73929,4252],{"class":87},[65,73931,84],{"class":83},[65,73933,3786],{"class":79},[65,73935,73936,73938,73940,73942],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,73937,36206],{"class":71},[65,73939,144],{"class":79},[65,73941,73504],{"class":147},[65,73943,151],{"class":79},[65,73945,73946],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,73947,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,73949,73950,73952,73954,73956],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,73951,165],{"class":164},[65,73953,168],{"class":79},[65,73955,36206],{"class":147},[65,73957,174],{"class":79},[20,73959,191],{},[56,73961,73963],{"className":58,"code":73962,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73964,73965],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,73966,73967,73969,73971,73973,73975,73977,73979,73981,73983,73985,73987,73989,73991],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,73968,4054],{"class":79},[65,73970,203],{"class":83},[65,73972,4252],{"class":87},[65,73974,203],{"class":83},[65,73976,100],{"class":79},[65,73978,233],{"class":83},[65,73980,4243],{"class":87},[65,73982,203],{"class":83},[65,73984,100],{"class":79},[65,73986,233],{"class":83},[65,73988,4234],{"class":87},[65,73990,203],{"class":83},[65,73992,3786],{"class":79},[20,73994,1309,73995,73997],{},[15,73996,73448],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73999,74000],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[56,74002,74004],{"className":58,"code":74003,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74005,74006,74038,74056,74060,74070],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74007,74008,74010,74012,74014,74016,74018,74020,74022,74024,74026,74028,74030,74032,74034,74036],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74009,36154],{"class":71},[65,74011,76],{"class":75},[65,74013,3773],{"class":79},[65,74015,84],{"class":83},[65,74017,4234],{"class":87},[65,74019,84],{"class":83},[65,74021,100],{"class":79},[65,74023,103],{"class":83},[65,74025,4243],{"class":87},[65,74027,84],{"class":83},[65,74029,100],{"class":79},[65,74031,103],{"class":83},[65,74033,4252],{"class":87},[65,74035,84],{"class":83},[65,74037,3786],{"class":79},[65,74039,74040,74043,74045,74047,74050,74052,74054],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,74041,74042],{"class":71},"reversed_fruits ",[65,74044,76],{"class":75},[65,74046,52775],{"class":71},[65,74048,74049],{"class":79},"[::",[65,74051,2169],{"class":75},[65,74053,3135],{"class":96},[65,74055,3786],{"class":79},[65,74057,74058],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,74059,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,74061,74062,74064,74066,74068],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,74063,165],{"class":164},[65,74065,168],{"class":79},[65,74067,36206],{"class":147},[65,74069,174],{"class":79},[65,74071,74072,74074,74076,74079],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,74073,165],{"class":164},[65,74075,168],{"class":79},[65,74077,74078],{"class":147},"reversed_fruits",[65,74080,174],{"class":79},[20,74082,191],{},[56,74084,74086],{"className":58,"code":74085,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74087,74088,74116],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74089,74090,74092,74094,74096,74098,74100,74102,74104,74106,74108,74110,74112,74114],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74091,4054],{"class":79},[65,74093,203],{"class":83},[65,74095,4234],{"class":87},[65,74097,203],{"class":83},[65,74099,100],{"class":79},[65,74101,233],{"class":83},[65,74103,4243],{"class":87},[65,74105,203],{"class":83},[65,74107,100],{"class":79},[65,74109,233],{"class":83},[65,74111,4252],{"class":87},[65,74113,203],{"class":83},[65,74115,3786],{"class":79},[65,74117,74118,74120,74122,74124,74126,74128,74130,74132,74134,74136,74138,74140,74142],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,74119,4054],{"class":79},[65,74121,203],{"class":83},[65,74123,4252],{"class":87},[65,74125,203],{"class":83},[65,74127,100],{"class":79},[65,74129,233],{"class":83},[65,74131,4243],{"class":87},[65,74133,203],{"class":83},[65,74135,100],{"class":79},[65,74137,233],{"class":83},[65,74139,4234],{"class":87},[65,74141,203],{"class":83},[65,74143,3786],{"class":79},[20,74145,74146,74147,144],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[88,74148,74149],{"href":73466},"Python list slicing explained",[51,74151,74153],{"id":74152},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74155,74156],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[56,74158,74160],{"className":58,"code":74159,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74161,74162,74182,74196,74200,74211],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74163,74164,74166,74168,74170,74172,74174,74176,74178,74180],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74165,3768],{"class":71},[65,74167,76],{"class":75},[65,74169,3773],{"class":79},[65,74171,3135],{"class":96},[65,74173,100],{"class":79},[65,74175,113],{"class":96},[65,74177,100],{"class":79},[65,74179,127],{"class":96},[65,74181,3786],{"class":79},[65,74183,74184,74186,74188,74190,74192,74194],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,74185,55814],{"class":71},[65,74187,76],{"class":75},[65,74189,4419],{"class":71},[65,74191,144],{"class":79},[65,74193,73504],{"class":147},[65,74195,151],{"class":79},[65,74197,74198],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,74199,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,74201,74202,74204,74206,74209],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,74203,165],{"class":164},[65,74205,168],{"class":79},[65,74207,74208],{"class":147},"new_list",[65,74210,174],{"class":79},[65,74212,74213,74215,74217,74219],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,74214,165],{"class":164},[65,74216,168],{"class":79},[65,74218,3800],{"class":147},[65,74220,174],{"class":79},[20,74222,191],{},[56,74224,74226],{"className":58,"code":74225,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74227,74228,74232],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74229,74230],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74231,11943],{"class":4005},[65,74233,74234,74236,74238,74240,74242,74244,74246],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,74235,4054],{"class":79},[65,74237,2210],{"class":96},[65,74239,100],{"class":79},[65,74241,113],{"class":96},[65,74243,100],{"class":79},[65,74245,97],{"class":96},[65,74247,3786],{"class":79},[20,74249,12035],{},[30,74251,74252,74260,74264],{},[33,74253,74254,74256,74257,74259],{},[15,74255,73448],{}," changes ",[15,74258,3800],{}," directly",[33,74261,40824,74262,71766],{},[46,74263,1014],{},[33,74265,53577,74266,42074,74268],{},[15,74267,74208],{},[15,74269,3930],{},[20,74271,61824],{},[56,74273,74275],{"className":58,"code":74274,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74276,74277,74297,74307,74311],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74278,74279,74281,74283,74285,74287,74289,74291,74293,74295],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74280,3768],{"class":71},[65,74282,76],{"class":75},[65,74284,3773],{"class":79},[65,74286,3135],{"class":96},[65,74288,100],{"class":79},[65,74290,113],{"class":96},[65,74292,100],{"class":79},[65,74294,127],{"class":96},[65,74296,3786],{"class":79},[65,74298,74299,74301,74303,74305],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,74300,3800],{"class":71},[65,74302,144],{"class":79},[65,74304,73504],{"class":147},[65,74306,151],{"class":79},[65,74308,74309],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,74310,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,74312,74313,74315,74317,74319],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,74314,165],{"class":164},[65,74316,168],{"class":79},[65,74318,3800],{"class":147},[65,74320,174],{"class":79},[20,74322,191],{},[56,74324,74326],{"className":58,"code":74325,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74327,74328],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74329,74330,74332,74334,74336,74338,74340,74342],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74331,4054],{"class":79},[65,74333,2210],{"class":96},[65,74335,100],{"class":79},[65,74337,113],{"class":96},[65,74339,100],{"class":79},[65,74341,97],{"class":96},[65,74343,3786],{"class":79},[51,74345,74347,10729,74349,74352],{"id":74346},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74348,73448],{},[15,74350,74351],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74354,74355],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1059,74357,74358],{"id":73504},[15,74359,73448],{},[20,74361,74362,74364],{},[15,74363,73448],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[56,74366,74368],{"className":58,"code":74367,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74369,74370,74390,74400],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74371,74372,74374,74376,74378,74380,74382,74384,74386,74388],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74373,3768],{"class":71},[65,74375,76],{"class":75},[65,74377,3773],{"class":79},[65,74379,2210],{"class":96},[65,74381,100],{"class":79},[65,74383,97],{"class":96},[65,74385,100],{"class":79},[65,74387,113],{"class":96},[65,74389,3786],{"class":79},[65,74391,74392,74394,74396,74398],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,74393,3800],{"class":71},[65,74395,144],{"class":79},[65,74397,73504],{"class":147},[65,74399,151],{"class":79},[65,74401,74402,74404,74406,74408],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,74403,165],{"class":164},[65,74405,168],{"class":79},[65,74407,3800],{"class":147},[65,74409,174],{"class":79},[20,74411,191],{},[56,74413,74415],{"className":58,"code":74414,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74416,74417],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74418,74419,74421,74423,74425,74427,74429,74431],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74420,4054],{"class":79},[65,74422,2204],{"class":96},[65,74424,100],{"class":79},[65,74426,97],{"class":96},[65,74428,100],{"class":79},[65,74430,127],{"class":96},[65,74432,3786],{"class":79},[20,74434,74435,74436,74438],{},"Notice that this is ",[46,74437,1014],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1059,74440,74442],{"id":74441},"sorted",[15,74443,74351],{},[20,74445,74446,74451],{},[88,74447,74449],{"href":74448},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74450,74351],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[56,74453,74455],{"className":58,"code":74454,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74456,74457,74477,74492,74496,74506],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74458,74459,74461,74463,74465,74467,74469,74471,74473,74475],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74460,3768],{"class":71},[65,74462,76],{"class":75},[65,74464,3773],{"class":79},[65,74466,2210],{"class":96},[65,74468,100],{"class":79},[65,74470,97],{"class":96},[65,74472,100],{"class":79},[65,74474,113],{"class":96},[65,74476,3786],{"class":79},[65,74478,74479,74481,74483,74486,74488,74490],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,74480,401],{"class":71},[65,74482,76],{"class":75},[65,74484,74485],{"class":164}," sorted",[65,74487,168],{"class":79},[65,74489,3800],{"class":147},[65,74491,174],{"class":79},[65,74493,74494],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,74495,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,74497,74498,74500,74502,74504],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,74499,165],{"class":164},[65,74501,168],{"class":79},[65,74503,3800],{"class":147},[65,74505,174],{"class":79},[65,74507,74508,74510,74512,74514],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,74509,165],{"class":164},[65,74511,168],{"class":79},[65,74513,425],{"class":147},[65,74515,174],{"class":79},[20,74517,191],{},[56,74519,74521],{"className":58,"code":74520,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74522,74523,74539],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74524,74525,74527,74529,74531,74533,74535,74537],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74526,4054],{"class":79},[65,74528,2210],{"class":96},[65,74530,100],{"class":79},[65,74532,97],{"class":96},[65,74534,100],{"class":79},[65,74536,113],{"class":96},[65,74538,3786],{"class":79},[65,74540,74541,74543,74545,74547,74549,74551,74553],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,74542,4054],{"class":79},[65,74544,3135],{"class":96},[65,74546,100],{"class":79},[65,74548,113],{"class":96},[65,74550,100],{"class":79},[65,74552,127],{"class":96},[65,74554,3786],{"class":79},[20,74556,74557,74558,144],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74559,74560],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1059,74562,74564],{"id":74563},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74566,74567,74568,74571],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74569,74570],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[56,74573,74575],{"className":58,"code":74574,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74576,74577,74597,74613,74617,74627],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74578,74579,74581,74583,74585,74587,74589,74591,74593,74595],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74580,3768],{"class":71},[65,74582,76],{"class":75},[65,74584,3773],{"class":79},[65,74586,2210],{"class":96},[65,74588,100],{"class":79},[65,74590,97],{"class":96},[65,74592,100],{"class":79},[65,74594,113],{"class":96},[65,74596,3786],{"class":79},[65,74598,74599,74601,74603,74605,74607,74609,74611],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,74600,401],{"class":71},[65,74602,76],{"class":75},[65,74604,4419],{"class":71},[65,74606,74049],{"class":79},[65,74608,2169],{"class":75},[65,74610,3135],{"class":96},[65,74612,3786],{"class":79},[65,74614,74615],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,74616,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,74618,74619,74621,74623,74625],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,74620,165],{"class":164},[65,74622,168],{"class":79},[65,74624,3800],{"class":147},[65,74626,174],{"class":79},[65,74628,74629,74631,74633,74635],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,74630,165],{"class":164},[65,74632,168],{"class":79},[65,74634,425],{"class":147},[65,74636,174],{"class":79},[20,74638,191],{},[56,74640,74642],{"className":58,"code":74641,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74643,74644,74660],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74645,74646,74648,74650,74652,74654,74656,74658],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74647,4054],{"class":79},[65,74649,2210],{"class":96},[65,74651,100],{"class":79},[65,74653,97],{"class":96},[65,74655,100],{"class":79},[65,74657,113],{"class":96},[65,74659,3786],{"class":79},[65,74661,74662,74664,74666,74668,74670,74672,74674],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,74663,4054],{"class":79},[65,74665,2204],{"class":96},[65,74667,100],{"class":79},[65,74669,97],{"class":96},[65,74671,100],{"class":79},[65,74673,127],{"class":96},[65,74675,3786],{"class":79},[1059,74677,74679],{"id":74678},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[30,74681,74682,74687,74692],{},[33,74683,1309,74684,74686],{},[15,74685,73448],{}," when you want to change the original list",[33,74688,1309,74689,74691],{},[15,74690,74570],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[33,74693,1309,74694,74696],{},[15,74695,74351],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74698,74699,74700,74706],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[88,74701,74703,74704,10885],{"href":74702},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74705,64238],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[51,74708,1553,74710],{"id":74709},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74711,73448],{},[20,74713,74714,74716],{},[15,74715,73448],{}," is a good choice:",[30,74718,74719,74722,74725],{},[33,74720,74721],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[33,74723,74724],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[33,74726,74727],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74729,74730,74731,144],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[88,74732,74734],{"href":74733},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[51,74736,1766],{"id":1765},[20,74738,74739,74740,74742],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74741,73448],{}," for these reasons:",[30,74744,74745,74749,74754,74759],{},[33,74746,12728,74747,12731],{},[15,74748,73448],{},[33,74750,1792,74751,74753],{},[15,74752,73448],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[33,74755,8569,74756,74758],{},[15,74757,73448],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[33,74760,37120,74761,8855,74763],{},[15,74762,73448],{},[15,74764,74765],{},"reversed()",[20,74767,74768],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[56,74770,74772],{"className":58,"code":74771,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74773,74774,74786],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74775,74776,74778,74780,74782,74784],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74777,34600],{"class":71},[65,74779,76],{"class":75},[65,74781,103],{"class":83},[65,74783,3998],{"class":87},[65,74785,1650],{"class":83},[65,74787,74788,74790,74792,74794],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,74789,34621],{"class":71},[65,74791,144],{"class":79},[65,74793,73504],{"class":147},[65,74795,151],{"class":79},[20,74797,74798,74799,33512],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74800,73448],{},[20,74802,74803],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[56,74805,74807],{"className":58,"code":74806,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74808,74809,74829,74833,74843,74857,74861,74875,74885,74889],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74810,74811,74813,74815,74817,74819,74821,74823,74825,74827],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74812,8459],{"class":71},[65,74814,76],{"class":75},[65,74816,3773],{"class":79},[65,74818,3135],{"class":96},[65,74820,100],{"class":79},[65,74822,113],{"class":96},[65,74824,100],{"class":79},[65,74826,127],{"class":96},[65,74828,3786],{"class":79},[65,74830,74831],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,74832,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,74834,74835,74837,74839,74841],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,74836,165],{"class":164},[65,74838,168],{"class":79},[65,74840,8490],{"class":147},[65,74842,174],{"class":79},[65,74844,74845,74847,74849,74851,74853,74855],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,74846,165],{"class":164},[65,74848,168],{"class":79},[65,74850,3370],{"class":1368},[65,74852,168],{"class":79},[65,74854,8490],{"class":147},[65,74856,1870],{"class":79},[65,74858,74859],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,74860,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,74862,74863,74865,74867,74869,74871,74873],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,74864,401],{"class":71},[65,74866,76],{"class":75},[65,74868,8547],{"class":71},[65,74870,144],{"class":79},[65,74872,73504],{"class":147},[65,74874,151],{"class":79},[65,74876,74877,74879,74881,74883],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,74878,165],{"class":164},[65,74880,168],{"class":79},[65,74882,425],{"class":147},[65,74884,174],{"class":79},[65,74886,74887],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,74888,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,74890,74891,74893,74895,74897,74899,74901,74903],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,74892,165],{"class":164},[65,74894,168],{"class":79},[65,74896,8490],{"class":147},[65,74898,74049],{"class":79},[65,74900,2169],{"class":75},[65,74902,3135],{"class":96},[65,74904,4042],{"class":79},[20,74906,191],{},[56,74908,74910],{"className":58,"code":74909,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74911,74912,74928,74942,74946],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74913,74914,74916,74918,74920,74922,74924,74926],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74915,4054],{"class":79},[65,74917,3135],{"class":96},[65,74919,100],{"class":79},[65,74921,113],{"class":96},[65,74923,100],{"class":79},[65,74925,127],{"class":96},[65,74927,3786],{"class":79},[65,74929,74930,74932,74934,74936,74938,74940],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,74931,3439],{"class":75},[65,74933,3442],{"class":1696},[65,74935,233],{"class":83},[65,74937,8244],{"class":87},[65,74939,203],{"class":83},[65,74941,3451],{"class":75},[65,74943,74944],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,74945,11943],{"class":4005},[65,74947,74948,74950,74952,74954,74956,74958,74960],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,74949,4054],{"class":79},[65,74951,3135],{"class":96},[65,74953,100],{"class":79},[65,74955,113],{"class":96},[65,74957,100],{"class":79},[65,74959,97],{"class":96},[65,74961,3786],{"class":79},[20,74963,74964],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[56,74966,74968],{"className":58,"code":74967,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74969,74970,74990,74994,75004,75018,75022,75036,75046,75056],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,74971,74972,74974,74976,74978,74980,74982,74984,74986,74988],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,74973,8459],{"class":71},[65,74975,76],{"class":75},[65,74977,3773],{"class":79},[65,74979,3135],{"class":96},[65,74981,100],{"class":79},[65,74983,113],{"class":96},[65,74985,100],{"class":79},[65,74987,127],{"class":96},[65,74989,3786],{"class":79},[65,74991,74992],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,74993,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,74995,74996,74998,75000,75002],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,74997,165],{"class":164},[65,74999,168],{"class":79},[65,75001,8490],{"class":147},[65,75003,174],{"class":79},[65,75005,75006,75008,75010,75012,75014,75016],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,75007,165],{"class":164},[65,75009,168],{"class":79},[65,75011,3370],{"class":1368},[65,75013,168],{"class":79},[65,75015,8490],{"class":147},[65,75017,1870],{"class":79},[65,75019,75020],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,75021,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,75023,75024,75026,75028,75030,75032,75034],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,75025,401],{"class":71},[65,75027,76],{"class":75},[65,75029,8547],{"class":71},[65,75031,144],{"class":79},[65,75033,73504],{"class":147},[65,75035,151],{"class":79},[65,75037,75038,75040,75042,75044],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,75039,165],{"class":164},[65,75041,168],{"class":79},[65,75043,425],{"class":147},[65,75045,174],{"class":79},[65,75047,75048,75050,75052,75054],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,75049,165],{"class":164},[65,75051,168],{"class":79},[65,75053,8490],{"class":147},[65,75055,174],{"class":79},[65,75057,75058,75060,75062,75064,75066,75068,75070],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,75059,165],{"class":164},[65,75061,168],{"class":79},[65,75063,8490],{"class":147},[65,75065,74049],{"class":79},[65,75067,2169],{"class":75},[65,75069,3135],{"class":96},[65,75071,4042],{"class":79},[20,75073,191],{},[56,75075,75077],{"className":58,"code":75076,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75078,75079,75095,75109,75113,75129],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,75080,75081,75083,75085,75087,75089,75091,75093],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,75082,4054],{"class":79},[65,75084,3135],{"class":96},[65,75086,100],{"class":79},[65,75088,113],{"class":96},[65,75090,100],{"class":79},[65,75092,127],{"class":96},[65,75094,3786],{"class":79},[65,75096,75097,75099,75101,75103,75105,75107],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,75098,3439],{"class":75},[65,75100,3442],{"class":1696},[65,75102,233],{"class":83},[65,75104,8244],{"class":87},[65,75106,203],{"class":83},[65,75108,3451],{"class":75},[65,75110,75111],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,75112,11943],{"class":4005},[65,75114,75115,75117,75119,75121,75123,75125,75127],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,75116,4054],{"class":79},[65,75118,2210],{"class":96},[65,75120,100],{"class":79},[65,75122,113],{"class":96},[65,75124,100],{"class":79},[65,75126,97],{"class":96},[65,75128,3786],{"class":79},[65,75130,75131,75133,75135,75137,75139,75141,75143],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,75132,4054],{"class":79},[65,75134,3135],{"class":96},[65,75136,100],{"class":79},[65,75138,113],{"class":96},[65,75140,100],{"class":79},[65,75142,127],{"class":96},[65,75144,3786],{"class":79},[20,75146,75147],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[30,75149,75150,75159,75168],{},[33,75151,27899,75152,75155,75156],{},[15,75153,75154],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75157,75158],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[33,75160,12051,75161,75164,75165,22667],{},[15,75162,75163],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[46,75166,75167],{},"current",[33,75169,75170,75171],{},"So it prints ",[15,75172,75173],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[51,75175,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,75177,1966,75179,55393],{"id":75178},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75180,73453],{},[20,75182,62529,75183,144],{},[15,75184,3930],{},[1059,75186,34117,75188,34120,75190,2637],{"id":75187},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75189,73448],{},[15,75191,75192],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75194,75195,75197],{},[15,75196,73448],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75199,75200,75202],{},[15,75201,75192],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1059,75204,28432,75206,75208],{"id":75205},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75207,73448],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75210,46286,75211,75213],{},[15,75212,73448],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1059,75215,75217],{"id":75216},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75219,75220],{},"Use slicing:",[56,75222,75224],{"className":58,"code":75223,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75225,75226],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,75227,75228,75230,75232,75234,75236],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,75229,8490],{"class":71},[65,75231,74049],{"class":79},[65,75233,2169],{"class":75},[65,75235,3135],{"class":96},[65,75237,3786],{"class":79},[20,75239,75240],{},"Or use:",[56,75242,75244],{"className":58,"code":75243,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75245,75246],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,75247,75248,75250,75252,75255,75257,75259],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,75249,8244],{"class":1368},[65,75251,168],{"class":79},[65,75253,75254],{"class":164},"reversed",[65,75256,168],{"class":79},[65,75258,8490],{"class":147},[65,75260,1870],{"class":79},[20,75262,75263,75264,75268],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[88,75265,55444,75266],{"href":54884},[15,75267,12908],{}," can also help.",[51,75270,2015],{"id":2014},[30,75272,75273,75279,75285,75289,75293],{},[33,75274,75275],{},[88,75276,55444,75277,10885],{"href":74702},[15,75278,64238],{},[33,75280,75281],{},[88,75282,3724,75283,3657],{"href":74448},[15,75284,74351],{},[33,75286,75287],{},[88,75288,74734],{"href":74733},[33,75290,75291],{},[88,75292,74149],{"href":73466},[33,75294,75295],{},[88,75296,55444,75297,10885],{"href":54884},[15,75298,12908],{},[2071,75300,75301],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":75303},[75304,75305,75307,75308,75309,75311,75312,75319,75321,75322,75331],{"id":3757,"depth":133,"text":3758},{"id":73527,"depth":133,"text":75306},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506},{"id":73886,"depth":133,"text":75310},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74152,"depth":133,"text":74153},{"id":74346,"depth":133,"text":75313,"children":75314},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75315,75316,75317,75318],{"id":73504,"depth":154,"text":73448},{"id":74441,"depth":154,"text":74351},{"id":74563,"depth":154,"text":74564},{"id":74678,"depth":154,"text":74679},{"id":74709,"depth":133,"text":75320},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":75323},[75324,75326,75328,75330],{"id":75178,"depth":154,"text":75325},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75187,"depth":154,"text":75327},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75205,"depth":154,"text":75329},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75216,"depth":154,"text":75217},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73440,"description":75332},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75339,"title":75340,"body":75341,"description":77774,"extension":2111,"meta":77775,"navigation":157,"path":77776,"seo":77777,"stem":77778,"__hash__":77779},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75342,"toc":77742},[75343,75346,75358,75361,75384,75392,75394,75506,75515,75519,75522,75525,75612,75614,75647,75649,75672,75678,75682,75685,75707,75709,75726,75729,75749,75751,75861,75863,75940,75944,75947,75990,75992,76125,76127,76229,76234,76238,76241,76243,76257,76260,76374,76376,76450,76452,76480,76484,76489,76519,76522,76648,76650,76732,76738,76742,76744,76783,76792,76796,76799,76803,76850,76852,76860,76864,76915,76917,76930,76932,76946,76949,76957,76959,77006,77008,77016,77019,77062,77067,77070,77073,77096,77100,77151,77154,77175,77185,77189,77191,77221,77224,77247,77251,77254,77321,77323,77360,77363,77371,77438,77440,77477,77483,77490,77494,77497,77527,77532,77536,77539,77563,77566,77660,77670,77672,77676,77679,77683,77686,77691,77694,77700,77703,77705,77733,77739],[10,75344,75340],{"id":75345},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75347,75348,75349,1028,75351,1035,75354,75357],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75350,35987],{},[15,75352,75353],{},"stop",[15,75355,75356],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75359,75360],{},"The basic slice form is:",[56,75362,75364],{"className":58,"code":75363,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75365,75366],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,75367,75368,75370,75372,75374,75376,75378,75380,75382],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,75369,8490],{"class":71},[65,75371,4054],{"class":79},[65,75373,35987],{"class":71},[65,75375,93],{"class":79},[65,75377,75353],{"class":71},[65,75379,93],{"class":79},[65,75381,75356],{"class":71},[65,75383,3786],{"class":79},[20,75385,75386,75387,75389,75390,144],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75388,75353],{}," position is ",[46,75391,64996],{},[51,75393,54],{"id":53},[56,75395,75397],{"className":58,"code":75396,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75398,75399,75427,75431,75452,75470,75487],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,75400,75401,75403,75405,75407,75409,75411,75413,75415,75417,75419,75421,75423,75425],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,75402,3768],{"class":71},[65,75404,76],{"class":75},[65,75406,3773],{"class":79},[65,75408,2476],{"class":96},[65,75410,100],{"class":79},[65,75412,7940],{"class":96},[65,75414,100],{"class":79},[65,75416,7945],{"class":96},[65,75418,100],{"class":79},[65,75420,50766],{"class":96},[65,75422,100],{"class":79},[65,75424,5233],{"class":96},[65,75426,3786],{"class":79},[65,75428,75429],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,75430,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,75432,75433,75435,75437,75439,75441,75443,75445,75447,75449],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,75434,165],{"class":164},[65,75436,168],{"class":79},[65,75438,3800],{"class":147},[65,75440,4054],{"class":79},[65,75442,3135],{"class":96},[65,75444,93],{"class":79},[65,75446,2650],{"class":96},[65,75448,20561],{"class":79},[65,75450,75451],{"class":3816},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[65,75453,75454,75456,75458,75460,75463,75465,75467],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,75455,165],{"class":164},[65,75457,168],{"class":79},[65,75459,3800],{"class":147},[65,75461,75462],{"class":79},"[:",[65,75464,2210],{"class":96},[65,75466,20561],{"class":79},[65,75468,75469],{"class":3816},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[65,75471,75472,75474,75476,75478,75480,75482,75484],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,75473,165],{"class":164},[65,75475,168],{"class":79},[65,75477,3800],{"class":147},[65,75479,74049],{"class":79},[65,75481,2204],{"class":96},[65,75483,20561],{"class":79},[65,75485,75486],{"class":3816},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[65,75488,75489,75491,75493,75495,75497,75499,75501,75503],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,75490,165],{"class":164},[65,75492,168],{"class":79},[65,75494,3800],{"class":147},[65,75496,74049],{"class":79},[65,75498,2169],{"class":75},[65,75500,3135],{"class":96},[65,75502,20561],{"class":79},[65,75504,75505],{"class":3816},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75507,1309,75508,75511,75512,75514],{},[15,75509,75510],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75513,75353],{}," value is not included.",[51,75516,75518],{"id":75517},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75520,75521],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75523,75524],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[56,75526,75528],{"className":58,"code":75527,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75529,75530,75578,75582,75601],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,75531,75532,75534,75536,75538,75540,75542,75544,75546,75548,75550,75552,75554,75556,75558,75560,75562,75564,75566,75568,75570,75572,75574,75576],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,75533,36005],{"class":71},[65,75535,76],{"class":75},[65,75537,3773],{"class":79},[65,75539,84],{"class":83},[65,75541,88],{"class":87},[65,75543,84],{"class":83},[65,75545,100],{"class":79},[65,75547,103],{"class":83},[65,75549,106],{"class":87},[65,75551,84],{"class":83},[65,75553,100],{"class":79},[65,75555,103],{"class":83},[65,75557,120],{"class":87},[65,75559,84],{"class":83},[65,75561,100],{"class":79},[65,75563,103],{"class":83},[65,75565,18883],{"class":87},[65,75567,84],{"class":83},[65,75569,100],{"class":79},[65,75571,103],{"class":83},[65,75573,60373],{"class":87},[65,75575,84],{"class":83},[65,75577,3786],{"class":79},[65,75579,75580],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,75581,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,75583,75584,75587,75589,75591,75593,75595,75597,75599],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,75585,75586],{"class":71},"part ",[65,75588,76],{"class":75},[65,75590,70023],{"class":71},[65,75592,4054],{"class":79},[65,75594,3135],{"class":96},[65,75596,93],{"class":79},[65,75598,2650],{"class":96},[65,75600,3786],{"class":79},[65,75602,75603,75605,75607,75610],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,75604,165],{"class":164},[65,75606,168],{"class":79},[65,75608,75609],{"class":147},"part",[65,75611,174],{"class":79},[20,75613,191],{},[56,75615,75617],{"className":58,"code":75616,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75618,75619],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,75620,75621,75623,75625,75627,75629,75631,75633,75635,75637,75639,75641,75643,75645],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,75622,4054],{"class":79},[65,75624,203],{"class":83},[65,75626,106],{"class":87},[65,75628,203],{"class":83},[65,75630,100],{"class":79},[65,75632,233],{"class":83},[65,75634,120],{"class":87},[65,75636,203],{"class":83},[65,75638,100],{"class":79},[65,75640,233],{"class":83},[65,75642,18883],{"class":87},[65,75644,203],{"class":83},[65,75646,3786],{"class":79},[20,75648,13182],{},[30,75650,75651,75654,75657,75663,75669],{},[33,75652,75653],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[33,75655,75656],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[33,75658,75659,75660],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75661,75662],{},"list[start:stop]",[33,75664,75665,75666,75668],{},"The item at ",[15,75667,75353],{}," is not included",[33,75670,75671],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75673,75674,75675,144],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[88,75676,75677],{"href":50902},"beginner guide to Python lists",[51,75679,75681],{"id":75680},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75683,75684],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[56,75686,75687],{"className":58,"code":75363,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,75688,75689],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,75690,75691,75693,75695,75697,75699,75701,75703,75705],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,75692,8490],{"class":71},[65,75694,4054],{"class":79},[65,75696,35987],{"class":71},[65,75698,93],{"class":79},[65,75700,75353],{"class":71},[65,75702,93],{"class":79},[65,75704,75356],{"class":71},[65,75706,3786],{"class":79},[20,75708,64972],{},[30,75710,75711,75716,75721],{},[33,75712,75713,75715],{},[15,75714,35987],{}," is where slicing begins",[33,75717,75718,75720],{},[15,75719,75353],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[33,75722,75723,75725],{},[15,75724,75356],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75727,75728],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[30,75730,75731,75737,75742],{},[33,75732,75733,75734,75736],{},"Missing ",[15,75735,35987],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[33,75738,75733,75739,75741],{},[15,75740,75353],{}," means go to the end of the list",[33,75743,75733,75744,75746,75747],{},[15,75745,75356],{}," means use ",[15,75748,3135],{},[20,75750,350],{},[56,75752,75754],{"className":58,"code":75753,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75755,75756,75784,75788,75809,75826,75844],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,75757,75758,75760,75762,75764,75766,75768,75770,75772,75774,75776,75778,75780,75782],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,75759,3768],{"class":71},[65,75761,76],{"class":75},[65,75763,3773],{"class":79},[65,75765,2476],{"class":96},[65,75767,100],{"class":79},[65,75769,7940],{"class":96},[65,75771,100],{"class":79},[65,75773,7945],{"class":96},[65,75775,100],{"class":79},[65,75777,50766],{"class":96},[65,75779,100],{"class":79},[65,75781,5233],{"class":96},[65,75783,3786],{"class":79},[65,75785,75786],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,75787,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,75789,75790,75792,75794,75796,75798,75800,75802,75804,75806],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,75791,165],{"class":164},[65,75793,168],{"class":79},[65,75795,3800],{"class":147},[65,75797,4054],{"class":79},[65,75799,3135],{"class":96},[65,75801,93],{"class":79},[65,75803,2650],{"class":96},[65,75805,20561],{"class":79},[65,75807,75808],{"class":3816},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[65,75810,75811,75813,75815,75817,75819,75821,75823],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,75812,165],{"class":164},[65,75814,168],{"class":79},[65,75816,3800],{"class":147},[65,75818,75462],{"class":79},[65,75820,2210],{"class":96},[65,75822,20561],{"class":79},[65,75824,75825],{"class":3816},"    # start from the beginning\n",[65,75827,75828,75830,75832,75834,75836,75838,75841],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,75829,165],{"class":164},[65,75831,168],{"class":79},[65,75833,3800],{"class":147},[65,75835,4054],{"class":79},[65,75837,2204],{"class":96},[65,75839,75840],{"class":79},":])",[65,75842,75843],{"class":3816},"    # go to the end\n",[65,75845,75846,75848,75850,75852,75854,75856,75858],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,75847,165],{"class":164},[65,75849,168],{"class":79},[65,75851,3800],{"class":147},[65,75853,74049],{"class":79},[65,75855,3135],{"class":96},[65,75857,20561],{"class":79},[65,75859,75860],{"class":3816},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75862,191],{},[56,75864,75866],{"className":58,"code":75865,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75867,75868,75884,75900,75916],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,75869,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878,75880,75882],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,75871,4054],{"class":79},[65,75873,15876],{"class":96},[65,75875,100],{"class":79},[65,75877,7945],{"class":96},[65,75879,100],{"class":79},[65,75881,50766],{"class":96},[65,75883,3786],{"class":79},[65,75885,75886,75888,75890,75892,75894,75896,75898],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,75887,4054],{"class":79},[65,75889,2476],{"class":96},[65,75891,100],{"class":79},[65,75893,7940],{"class":96},[65,75895,100],{"class":79},[65,75897,7945],{"class":96},[65,75899,3786],{"class":79},[65,75901,75902,75904,75906,75908,75910,75912,75914],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,75903,4054],{"class":79},[65,75905,36757],{"class":96},[65,75907,100],{"class":79},[65,75909,50766],{"class":96},[65,75911,100],{"class":79},[65,75913,5233],{"class":96},[65,75915,3786],{"class":79},[65,75917,75918,75920,75922,75924,75926,75928,75930,75932,75934,75936,75938],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,75919,4054],{"class":79},[65,75921,2476],{"class":96},[65,75923,100],{"class":79},[65,75925,7940],{"class":96},[65,75927,100],{"class":79},[65,75929,7945],{"class":96},[65,75931,100],{"class":79},[65,75933,50766],{"class":96},[65,75935,100],{"class":79},[65,75937,5233],{"class":96},[65,75939,3786],{"class":79},[51,75941,75943],{"id":75942},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75945,75946],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[30,75948,75949,75958,75967,75978,75984],{},[33,75950,75951,75954,75955,6118],{},[15,75952,75953],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75956,75957],{},"n",[33,75959,75960,75963,75964,75966],{},[15,75961,75962],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75965,75957],{}," to the end",[33,75968,75969,75972,75973,75975,75976],{},[15,75970,75971],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75974,88],{}," up to ",[15,75977,106],{},[33,75979,75980,75983],{},[15,75981,75982],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[33,75985,75986,75989],{},[15,75987,75988],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75991,350],{},[56,75993,75995],{"className":58,"code":75994,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75996,75997,76030,76034,76051,76068,76089,76106],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,75998,75999,76001,76003,76005,76007,76009,76011,76013,76015,76017,76019,76021,76023,76025,76028],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76000,3768],{"class":71},[65,76002,76],{"class":75},[65,76004,3773],{"class":79},[65,76006,2476],{"class":96},[65,76008,100],{"class":79},[65,76010,7940],{"class":96},[65,76012,100],{"class":79},[65,76014,7945],{"class":96},[65,76016,100],{"class":79},[65,76018,50766],{"class":96},[65,76020,100],{"class":79},[65,76022,5233],{"class":96},[65,76024,100],{"class":79},[65,76026,76027],{"class":96}," 60",[65,76029,3786],{"class":79},[65,76031,76032],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,76033,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,76035,76036,76038,76040,76042,76044,76046,76048],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,76037,165],{"class":164},[65,76039,168],{"class":79},[65,76041,3800],{"class":147},[65,76043,75462],{"class":79},[65,76045,2210],{"class":96},[65,76047,20561],{"class":79},[65,76049,76050],{"class":3816},"    # first 3 items\n",[65,76052,76053,76055,76057,76059,76061,76063,76065],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,76054,165],{"class":164},[65,76056,168],{"class":79},[65,76058,3800],{"class":147},[65,76060,4054],{"class":79},[65,76062,2210],{"class":96},[65,76064,75840],{"class":79},[65,76066,76067],{"class":3816},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[65,76069,76070,76072,76074,76076,76078,76080,76082,76084,76086],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,76071,165],{"class":164},[65,76073,168],{"class":79},[65,76075,3800],{"class":147},[65,76077,4054],{"class":79},[65,76079,3135],{"class":96},[65,76081,93],{"class":79},[65,76083,2284],{"class":96},[65,76085,20561],{"class":79},[65,76087,76088],{"class":3816},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[65,76090,76091,76093,76095,76097,76099,76101,76103],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,76092,165],{"class":164},[65,76094,168],{"class":79},[65,76096,3800],{"class":147},[65,76098,74049],{"class":79},[65,76100,2204],{"class":96},[65,76102,20561],{"class":79},[65,76104,76105],{"class":3816},"   # every second item\n",[65,76107,76108,76110,76112,76114,76116,76118,76120,76122],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,76109,165],{"class":164},[65,76111,168],{"class":79},[65,76113,3800],{"class":147},[65,76115,74049],{"class":79},[65,76117,2169],{"class":75},[65,76119,3135],{"class":96},[65,76121,20561],{"class":79},[65,76123,76124],{"class":3816},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76126,191],{},[56,76128,76130],{"className":58,"code":76129,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76131,76132,76148,76164,76184,76200],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76133,76134,76136,76138,76140,76142,76144,76146],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76135,4054],{"class":79},[65,76137,2476],{"class":96},[65,76139,100],{"class":79},[65,76141,7940],{"class":96},[65,76143,100],{"class":79},[65,76145,7945],{"class":96},[65,76147,3786],{"class":79},[65,76149,76150,76152,76154,76156,76158,76160,76162],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,76151,4054],{"class":79},[65,76153,56617],{"class":96},[65,76155,100],{"class":79},[65,76157,5233],{"class":96},[65,76159,100],{"class":79},[65,76161,76027],{"class":96},[65,76163,3786],{"class":79},[65,76165,76166,76168,76170,76172,76174,76176,76178,76180,76182],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,76167,4054],{"class":79},[65,76169,15876],{"class":96},[65,76171,100],{"class":79},[65,76173,7945],{"class":96},[65,76175,100],{"class":79},[65,76177,50766],{"class":96},[65,76179,100],{"class":79},[65,76181,5233],{"class":96},[65,76183,3786],{"class":79},[65,76185,76186,76188,76190,76192,76194,76196,76198],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,76187,4054],{"class":79},[65,76189,2476],{"class":96},[65,76191,100],{"class":79},[65,76193,7945],{"class":96},[65,76195,100],{"class":79},[65,76197,5233],{"class":96},[65,76199,3786],{"class":79},[65,76201,76202,76204,76207,76209,76211,76213,76215,76217,76219,76221,76223,76225,76227],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,76203,4054],{"class":79},[65,76205,76206],{"class":96},"60",[65,76208,100],{"class":79},[65,76210,5233],{"class":96},[65,76212,100],{"class":79},[65,76214,50766],{"class":96},[65,76216,100],{"class":79},[65,76218,7945],{"class":96},[65,76220,100],{"class":79},[65,76222,7940],{"class":96},[65,76224,100],{"class":79},[65,76226,6157],{"class":96},[65,76228,3786],{"class":79},[20,76230,76231,76232,144],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[88,76233,15015],{"href":57144},[51,76235,76237],{"id":76236},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76239,76240],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76242,5624],{},[30,76244,76245,76251],{},[33,76246,76247,76250],{},[15,76248,76249],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[33,76252,76253,76256],{},[15,76254,76255],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76258,76259],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[56,76261,76263],{"className":58,"code":76262,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76264,76265,76313,76317,76336,76355],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76266,76267,76269,76271,76273,76275,76277,76279,76281,76283,76285,76287,76289,76291,76293,76295,76297,76299,76301,76303,76305,76307,76309,76311],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76268,36005],{"class":71},[65,76270,76],{"class":75},[65,76272,3773],{"class":79},[65,76274,84],{"class":83},[65,76276,88],{"class":87},[65,76278,84],{"class":83},[65,76280,100],{"class":79},[65,76282,103],{"class":83},[65,76284,106],{"class":87},[65,76286,84],{"class":83},[65,76288,100],{"class":79},[65,76290,103],{"class":83},[65,76292,120],{"class":87},[65,76294,84],{"class":83},[65,76296,100],{"class":79},[65,76298,103],{"class":83},[65,76300,18883],{"class":87},[65,76302,84],{"class":83},[65,76304,100],{"class":79},[65,76306,103],{"class":83},[65,76308,60373],{"class":87},[65,76310,84],{"class":83},[65,76312,3786],{"class":79},[65,76314,76315],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,76316,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,76318,76319,76321,76323,76325,76327,76329,76331,76333],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,76320,165],{"class":164},[65,76322,168],{"class":79},[65,76324,36058],{"class":147},[65,76326,4054],{"class":79},[65,76328,2169],{"class":75},[65,76330,3135],{"class":96},[65,76332,20561],{"class":79},[65,76334,76335],{"class":3816},"    # last item\n",[65,76337,76338,76340,76342,76344,76346,76348,76350,76352],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,76339,165],{"class":164},[65,76341,168],{"class":79},[65,76343,36058],{"class":147},[65,76345,4054],{"class":79},[65,76347,2169],{"class":75},[65,76349,2210],{"class":96},[65,76351,75840],{"class":79},[65,76353,76354],{"class":3816},"   # last 3 items\n",[65,76356,76357,76359,76361,76363,76365,76367,76369,76371],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,76358,165],{"class":164},[65,76360,168],{"class":79},[65,76362,36058],{"class":147},[65,76364,75462],{"class":79},[65,76366,2169],{"class":75},[65,76368,3135],{"class":96},[65,76370,20561],{"class":79},[65,76372,76373],{"class":3816},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76375,191],{},[56,76377,76379],{"className":58,"code":76378,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76380,76381,76386,76414],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76382,76383],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76384,76385],{"class":71},"e\n",[65,76387,76388,76390,76392,76394,76396,76398,76400,76402,76404,76406,76408,76410,76412],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,76389,4054],{"class":79},[65,76391,203],{"class":83},[65,76393,120],{"class":87},[65,76395,203],{"class":83},[65,76397,100],{"class":79},[65,76399,233],{"class":83},[65,76401,18883],{"class":87},[65,76403,203],{"class":83},[65,76405,100],{"class":79},[65,76407,233],{"class":83},[65,76409,60373],{"class":87},[65,76411,203],{"class":83},[65,76413,3786],{"class":79},[65,76415,76416,76418,76420,76422,76424,76426,76428,76430,76432,76434,76436,76438,76440,76442,76444,76446,76448],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,76417,4054],{"class":79},[65,76419,203],{"class":83},[65,76421,88],{"class":87},[65,76423,203],{"class":83},[65,76425,100],{"class":79},[65,76427,233],{"class":83},[65,76429,106],{"class":87},[65,76431,203],{"class":83},[65,76433,100],{"class":79},[65,76435,233],{"class":83},[65,76437,120],{"class":87},[65,76439,203],{"class":83},[65,76441,100],{"class":79},[65,76443,233],{"class":83},[65,76445,18883],{"class":87},[65,76447,203],{"class":83},[65,76449,3786],{"class":79},[20,76451,13182],{},[30,76453,76454,76457,76461,76467,76473],{},[33,76455,76456],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[33,76458,76459,76250],{},[15,76460,76249],{},[33,76462,76463,76466],{},[15,76464,76465],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[33,76468,76469,76472],{},[15,76470,76471],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[33,76474,76475,76476,1048,76478],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76477,35987],{},[15,76479,75353],{},[51,76481,76483],{"id":76482},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76485,22,76486,76488],{},[15,76487,75356],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[30,76490,76491,76494,76497,76502,76512],{},[33,76492,76493],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[33,76495,76496],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[33,76498,76499,76501],{},[15,76500,75988],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[33,76503,9026,76504,76506,76507,76509,76510],{},[15,76505,75356],{}," is negative, ",[15,76508,35987],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76511,75353],{},[33,76513,76514,76516,76517],{},[15,76515,75356],{}," cannot be ",[15,76518,2267],{},[20,76520,76521],{},"Example with different step values:",[56,76523,76525],{"className":58,"code":76524,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76526,76527,76559,76563,76580,76602,76621],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76528,76529,76531,76533,76535,76537,76539,76541,76543,76545,76547,76549,76551,76553,76555,76557],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76530,3768],{"class":71},[65,76532,76],{"class":75},[65,76534,3773],{"class":79},[65,76536,2476],{"class":96},[65,76538,100],{"class":79},[65,76540,7940],{"class":96},[65,76542,100],{"class":79},[65,76544,7945],{"class":96},[65,76546,100],{"class":79},[65,76548,50766],{"class":96},[65,76550,100],{"class":79},[65,76552,5233],{"class":96},[65,76554,100],{"class":79},[65,76556,76027],{"class":96},[65,76558,3786],{"class":79},[65,76560,76561],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,76562,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,76564,76565,76567,76569,76571,76573,76575,76577],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,76566,165],{"class":164},[65,76568,168],{"class":79},[65,76570,3800],{"class":147},[65,76572,74049],{"class":79},[65,76574,2204],{"class":96},[65,76576,20561],{"class":79},[65,76578,76579],{"class":3816},"     # every second item\n",[65,76581,76582,76584,76586,76588,76590,76592,76595,76597,76599],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,76583,165],{"class":164},[65,76585,168],{"class":79},[65,76587,3800],{"class":147},[65,76589,4054],{"class":79},[65,76591,3135],{"class":96},[65,76593,76594],{"class":79},"::",[65,76596,2204],{"class":96},[65,76598,20561],{"class":79},[65,76600,76601],{"class":3816},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[65,76603,76604,76606,76608,76610,76612,76614,76616,76618],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,76605,165],{"class":164},[65,76607,168],{"class":79},[65,76609,3800],{"class":147},[65,76611,74049],{"class":79},[65,76613,2169],{"class":75},[65,76615,3135],{"class":96},[65,76617,20561],{"class":79},[65,76619,76620],{"class":3816},"    # reverse the list\n",[65,76622,76623,76625,76627,76629,76631,76633,76635,76637,76639,76641,76643,76645],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,76624,165],{"class":164},[65,76626,168],{"class":79},[65,76628,3800],{"class":147},[65,76630,4054],{"class":79},[65,76632,2650],{"class":96},[65,76634,93],{"class":79},[65,76636,3135],{"class":96},[65,76638,93],{"class":79},[65,76640,2169],{"class":75},[65,76642,3135],{"class":96},[65,76644,20561],{"class":79},[65,76646,76647],{"class":3816},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76649,191],{},[56,76651,76653],{"className":58,"code":76652,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76654,76655,76671,76687,76715],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76656,76657,76659,76661,76663,76665,76667,76669],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76658,4054],{"class":79},[65,76660,2476],{"class":96},[65,76662,100],{"class":79},[65,76664,7945],{"class":96},[65,76666,100],{"class":79},[65,76668,5233],{"class":96},[65,76670,3786],{"class":79},[65,76672,76673,76675,76677,76679,76681,76683,76685],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,76674,4054],{"class":79},[65,76676,15876],{"class":96},[65,76678,100],{"class":79},[65,76680,50766],{"class":96},[65,76682,100],{"class":79},[65,76684,76027],{"class":96},[65,76686,3786],{"class":79},[65,76688,76689,76691,76693,76695,76697,76699,76701,76703,76705,76707,76709,76711,76713],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,76690,4054],{"class":79},[65,76692,76206],{"class":96},[65,76694,100],{"class":79},[65,76696,5233],{"class":96},[65,76698,100],{"class":79},[65,76700,50766],{"class":96},[65,76702,100],{"class":79},[65,76704,7945],{"class":96},[65,76706,100],{"class":79},[65,76708,7940],{"class":96},[65,76710,100],{"class":79},[65,76712,6157],{"class":96},[65,76714,3786],{"class":79},[65,76716,76717,76719,76722,76724,76726,76728,76730],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,76718,4054],{"class":79},[65,76720,76721],{"class":96},"50",[65,76723,100],{"class":79},[65,76725,50766],{"class":96},[65,76727,100],{"class":79},[65,76729,7945],{"class":96},[65,76731,3786],{"class":79},[20,76733,76734,76735,144],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[88,76736,76737],{"href":74733},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1059,76739,76741],{"id":76740},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76743,2982],{},[56,76745,76747],{"className":58,"code":76746,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76748,76749,76769],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76750,76751,76753,76755,76757,76759,76761,76763,76765,76767],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76752,3768],{"class":71},[65,76754,76],{"class":75},[65,76756,3773],{"class":79},[65,76758,3135],{"class":96},[65,76760,100],{"class":79},[65,76762,113],{"class":96},[65,76764,100],{"class":79},[65,76766,127],{"class":96},[65,76768,3786],{"class":79},[65,76770,76771,76773,76775,76777,76779,76781],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,76772,165],{"class":164},[65,76774,168],{"class":79},[65,76776,3800],{"class":147},[65,76778,74049],{"class":79},[65,76780,2267],{"class":96},[65,76782,4042],{"class":79},[20,76784,76785,76786,76788,76789,76791],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76787,40622],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76790,2267],{}," does not make sense.",[51,76793,76795],{"id":76794},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76797,76798],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1059,76800,76802],{"id":76801},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[56,76804,76806],{"className":58,"code":76805,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76807,76808,76832,76836],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76809,76810,76812,76814,76816,76818,76820,76822,76824,76826,76828,76830],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76811,3768],{"class":71},[65,76813,76],{"class":75},[65,76815,3773],{"class":79},[65,76817,2476],{"class":96},[65,76819,100],{"class":79},[65,76821,7940],{"class":96},[65,76823,100],{"class":79},[65,76825,7945],{"class":96},[65,76827,100],{"class":79},[65,76829,50766],{"class":96},[65,76831,3786],{"class":79},[65,76833,76834],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,76835,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,76837,76838,76840,76842,76844,76846,76848],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,76839,165],{"class":164},[65,76841,168],{"class":79},[65,76843,3800],{"class":147},[65,76845,4054],{"class":79},[65,76847,2204],{"class":96},[65,76849,4042],{"class":79},[20,76851,191],{},[56,76853,76854],{"className":58,"code":69767,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,76855,76856],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76857,76858],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76859,69767],{"class":96},[1059,76861,76863],{"id":76862},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[56,76865,76867],{"className":58,"code":76866,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76868,76869,76893,76897],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76870,76871,76873,76875,76877,76879,76881,76883,76885,76887,76889,76891],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76872,3768],{"class":71},[65,76874,76],{"class":75},[65,76876,3773],{"class":79},[65,76878,2476],{"class":96},[65,76880,100],{"class":79},[65,76882,7940],{"class":96},[65,76884,100],{"class":79},[65,76886,7945],{"class":96},[65,76888,100],{"class":79},[65,76890,50766],{"class":96},[65,76892,3786],{"class":79},[65,76894,76895],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,76896,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,76898,76899,76901,76903,76905,76907,76909,76911,76913],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,76900,165],{"class":164},[65,76902,168],{"class":79},[65,76904,3800],{"class":147},[65,76906,4054],{"class":79},[65,76908,2204],{"class":96},[65,76910,93],{"class":79},[65,76912,2210],{"class":96},[65,76914,4042],{"class":79},[20,76916,191],{},[56,76918,76920],{"className":58,"code":76919,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[30]\n",[15,76921,76922],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76923,76924,76926,76928],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76925,4054],{"class":79},[65,76927,36757],{"class":96},[65,76929,3786],{"class":79},[20,76931,13892],{},[30,76933,76934,76940],{},[33,76935,76936,76939],{},[15,76937,76938],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[33,76941,76942,76945],{},[15,76943,76944],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76947,76948],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[30,76950,76951,76954],{},[33,76952,76953],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[33,76955,76956],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76958,350],{},[56,76960,76962],{"className":58,"code":76961,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76963,76964,76984,76988],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,76965,76966,76968,76970,76972,76974,76976,76978,76980,76982],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,76967,3768],{"class":71},[65,76969,76],{"class":75},[65,76971,3773],{"class":79},[65,76973,2476],{"class":96},[65,76975,100],{"class":79},[65,76977,7940],{"class":96},[65,76979,100],{"class":79},[65,76981,7945],{"class":96},[65,76983,3786],{"class":79},[65,76985,76986],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,76987,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,76989,76990,76992,76994,76996,76998,77000,77002,77004],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,76991,165],{"class":164},[65,76993,168],{"class":79},[65,76995,3800],{"class":147},[65,76997,4054],{"class":79},[65,76999,2284],{"class":96},[65,77001,93],{"class":79},[65,77003,2476],{"class":96},[65,77005,4042],{"class":79},[20,77007,191],{},[56,77009,77010],{"className":58,"code":38214,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,77011,77012],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77013,77014],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77015,38214],{"class":79},[20,77017,77018],{},"But this would raise an error:",[56,77020,77022],{"className":58,"code":77021,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77023,77024,77044,77048],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77025,77026,77028,77030,77032,77034,77036,77038,77040,77042],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77027,3768],{"class":71},[65,77029,76],{"class":75},[65,77031,3773],{"class":79},[65,77033,2476],{"class":96},[65,77035,100],{"class":79},[65,77037,7940],{"class":96},[65,77039,100],{"class":79},[65,77041,7945],{"class":96},[65,77043,3786],{"class":79},[65,77045,77046],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,77047,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,77049,77050,77052,77054,77056,77058,77060],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,77051,165],{"class":164},[65,77053,168],{"class":79},[65,77055,3800],{"class":147},[65,77057,4054],{"class":79},[65,77059,2284],{"class":96},[65,77061,4042],{"class":79},[20,77063,77064,77065,144],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[88,77066,69186],{"href":69185},[51,77068,15303],{"id":77069},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77071,77072],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[30,77074,77075,77079,77081,77084,77090],{},[33,77076,1812,77077,75668],{},[15,77078,75353],{},[33,77080,60618],{},[33,77082,77083],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[33,77085,37120,77086,8855,77088],{},[15,77087,75988],{},[15,77089,73453],{},[33,77091,77092,77093,77095],{},"Using step ",[15,77094,2267],{},", which causes an error",[1059,77097,77099],{"id":77098},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[56,77101,77103],{"className":58,"code":77102,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77104,77105,77133],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77106,77107,77109,77111,77113,77115,77117,77119,77121,77123,77125,77127,77129,77131],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77108,3768],{"class":71},[65,77110,76],{"class":75},[65,77112,3773],{"class":79},[65,77114,2476],{"class":96},[65,77116,100],{"class":79},[65,77118,7940],{"class":96},[65,77120,100],{"class":79},[65,77122,7945],{"class":96},[65,77124,100],{"class":79},[65,77126,50766],{"class":96},[65,77128,100],{"class":79},[65,77130,5233],{"class":96},[65,77132,3786],{"class":79},[65,77134,77135,77137,77139,77141,77143,77145,77147,77149],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,77136,165],{"class":164},[65,77138,168],{"class":79},[65,77140,3800],{"class":147},[65,77142,4054],{"class":79},[65,77144,3135],{"class":96},[65,77146,93],{"class":79},[65,77148,2650],{"class":96},[65,77150,4042],{"class":79},[20,77152,77153],{},"This returns:",[56,77155,77157],{"className":58,"code":77156,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77158,77159],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77160,77161,77163,77165,77167,77169,77171,77173],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77162,4054],{"class":79},[65,77164,15876],{"class":96},[65,77166,100],{"class":79},[65,77168,7945],{"class":96},[65,77170,100],{"class":79},[65,77172,50766],{"class":96},[65,77174,3786],{"class":79},[20,77176,40824,77177,77179,77180,77182,77183,144],{},[46,77178,1014],{}," include ",[15,77181,76721],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77184,2650],{},[1059,77186,77188],{"id":77187},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77190,16764],{},[56,77192,77194],{"className":58,"code":77193,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77195,77196,77216],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77197,77198,77200,77202,77204,77206,77208,77210,77212,77214],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77199,3768],{"class":71},[65,77201,76],{"class":75},[65,77203,3773],{"class":79},[65,77205,2476],{"class":96},[65,77207,100],{"class":79},[65,77209,7940],{"class":96},[65,77211,100],{"class":79},[65,77213,7945],{"class":96},[65,77215,3786],{"class":79},[65,77217,77218],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,77219,77220],{"class":3816},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77222,77223],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[56,77225,77227],{"className":58,"code":77226,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77228,77229],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77230,77231,77233,77235,77237,77239,77241,77243,77245],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77232,165],{"class":164},[65,77234,168],{"class":79},[65,77236,3800],{"class":147},[65,77238,4054],{"class":79},[65,77240,3135],{"class":96},[65,77242,93],{"class":79},[65,77244,2210],{"class":96},[65,77246,4042],{"class":79},[1059,77248,77250],{"id":77249},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77252,77253],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[56,77255,77257],{"className":58,"code":77256,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77258,77259,77283,77297,77301,77311],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77260,77261,77263,77265,77267,77269,77271,77273,77275,77277,77279,77281],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77262,3768],{"class":71},[65,77264,76],{"class":75},[65,77266,3773],{"class":79},[65,77268,2476],{"class":96},[65,77270,100],{"class":79},[65,77272,7940],{"class":96},[65,77274,100],{"class":79},[65,77276,7945],{"class":96},[65,77278,100],{"class":79},[65,77280,50766],{"class":96},[65,77282,3786],{"class":79},[65,77284,77285,77287,77289,77291,77293,77295],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,77286,75586],{"class":71},[65,77288,76],{"class":75},[65,77290,4419],{"class":71},[65,77292,75462],{"class":79},[65,77294,2204],{"class":96},[65,77296,3786],{"class":79},[65,77298,77299],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,77300,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,77302,77303,77305,77307,77309],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,77304,165],{"class":164},[65,77306,168],{"class":79},[65,77308,75609],{"class":147},[65,77310,174],{"class":79},[65,77312,77313,77315,77317,77319],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,77314,165],{"class":164},[65,77316,168],{"class":79},[65,77318,3800],{"class":147},[65,77320,174],{"class":79},[20,77322,191],{},[56,77324,77326],{"className":58,"code":77325,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77327,77328,77340],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77329,77330,77332,77334,77336,77338],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77331,4054],{"class":79},[65,77333,2476],{"class":96},[65,77335,100],{"class":79},[65,77337,7940],{"class":96},[65,77339,3786],{"class":79},[65,77341,77342,77344,77346,77348,77350,77352,77354,77356,77358],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,77343,4054],{"class":79},[65,77345,2476],{"class":96},[65,77347,100],{"class":79},[65,77349,7940],{"class":96},[65,77351,100],{"class":79},[65,77353,7945],{"class":96},[65,77355,100],{"class":79},[65,77357,50766],{"class":96},[65,77359,3786],{"class":79},[20,77361,77362],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1059,77364,77366,77367,8855,77369],{"id":77365},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77368,75988],{},[15,77370,73453],{},[56,77372,77374],{"className":58,"code":77373,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77375,77376,77396,77400,77417,77428],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77377,77378,77380,77382,77384,77386,77388,77390,77392,77394],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77379,3768],{"class":71},[65,77381,76],{"class":75},[65,77383,3773],{"class":79},[65,77385,2476],{"class":96},[65,77387,100],{"class":79},[65,77389,7940],{"class":96},[65,77391,100],{"class":79},[65,77393,7945],{"class":96},[65,77395,3786],{"class":79},[65,77397,77398],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,77399,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,77401,77402,77405,77407,77409,77411,77413,77415],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,77403,77404],{"class":71},"reversed_copy ",[65,77406,76],{"class":75},[65,77408,4419],{"class":71},[65,77410,74049],{"class":79},[65,77412,2169],{"class":75},[65,77414,3135],{"class":96},[65,77416,3786],{"class":79},[65,77418,77419,77421,77423,77426],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,77420,165],{"class":164},[65,77422,168],{"class":79},[65,77424,77425],{"class":147},"reversed_copy",[65,77427,174],{"class":79},[65,77429,77430,77432,77434,77436],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,77431,165],{"class":164},[65,77433,168],{"class":79},[65,77435,3800],{"class":147},[65,77437,174],{"class":79},[20,77439,191],{},[56,77441,77443],{"className":58,"code":77442,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77444,77445,77461],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77446,77447,77449,77451,77453,77455,77457,77459],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77448,4054],{"class":79},[65,77450,36757],{"class":96},[65,77452,100],{"class":79},[65,77454,7940],{"class":96},[65,77456,100],{"class":79},[65,77458,6157],{"class":96},[65,77460,3786],{"class":79},[65,77462,77463,77465,77467,77469,77471,77473,77475],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,77464,4054],{"class":79},[65,77466,2476],{"class":96},[65,77468,100],{"class":79},[65,77470,7940],{"class":96},[65,77472,100],{"class":79},[65,77474,7945],{"class":96},[65,77476,3786],{"class":79},[20,77478,77479,77482],{},[15,77480,77481],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77484,77485,77486,77489],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77487,77488],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1059,77491,77493],{"id":77492},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77495,77496],{},"This is not allowed:",[56,77498,77500],{"className":58,"code":77499,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77501,77502,77522],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77503,77504,77506,77508,77510,77512,77514,77516,77518,77520],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77505,3768],{"class":71},[65,77507,76],{"class":75},[65,77509,3773],{"class":79},[65,77511,2476],{"class":96},[65,77513,100],{"class":79},[65,77515,7940],{"class":96},[65,77517,100],{"class":79},[65,77519,7945],{"class":96},[65,77521,3786],{"class":79},[65,77523,77524],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,77525,77526],{"class":3816},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77528,77529,77530,144],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77531,40622],{},[51,77533,77535],{"id":77534},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77537,77538],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[30,77540,77541,77548,77554,77557,77560],{},[33,77542,37120,77543,1048,77545,77547],{},[15,77544,35987],{},[15,77546,75353],{}," positions",[33,77549,77550,77551,77553],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77552,75353],{}," index is included",[33,77555,77556],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[33,77558,77559],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[33,77561,77562],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77564,77565],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[56,77567,77569],{"className":58,"code":77568,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77570,77571,77581,77595,77613,77627,77644],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77572,77573,77575,77577,77579],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77574,165],{"class":164},[65,77576,168],{"class":79},[65,77578,8490],{"class":147},[65,77580,174],{"class":79},[65,77582,77583,77585,77587,77589,77591,77593],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,77584,165],{"class":164},[65,77586,168],{"class":79},[65,77588,1863],{"class":164},[65,77590,168],{"class":79},[65,77592,8490],{"class":147},[65,77594,1870],{"class":79},[65,77596,77597,77599,77601,77603,77605,77607,77609,77611],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,77598,165],{"class":164},[65,77600,168],{"class":79},[65,77602,8490],{"class":147},[65,77604,4054],{"class":79},[65,77606,3135],{"class":96},[65,77608,93],{"class":79},[65,77610,2650],{"class":96},[65,77612,4042],{"class":79},[65,77614,77615,77617,77619,77621,77623,77625],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,77616,165],{"class":164},[65,77618,168],{"class":79},[65,77620,8490],{"class":147},[65,77622,75462],{"class":79},[65,77624,2210],{"class":96},[65,77626,4042],{"class":79},[65,77628,77629,77631,77633,77635,77637,77639,77641],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,77630,165],{"class":164},[65,77632,168],{"class":79},[65,77634,8490],{"class":147},[65,77636,4054],{"class":79},[65,77638,2169],{"class":75},[65,77640,2210],{"class":96},[65,77642,77643],{"class":79},":])\n",[65,77645,77646,77648,77650,77652,77654,77656,77658],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,77647,165],{"class":164},[65,77649,168],{"class":79},[65,77651,8490],{"class":147},[65,77653,74049],{"class":79},[65,77655,2169],{"class":75},[65,77657,3135],{"class":96},[65,77659,4042],{"class":79},[20,77661,8569,77662,77664,77665,77669],{},[15,77663,42280],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[88,77666,77668],{"href":77667},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[51,77671,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,77673,77675],{"id":77674},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77677,77678],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1059,77680,77682],{"id":77681},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77684,77685],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1059,77687,1953,77689,39878],{"id":77688},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77690,75988],{},[20,77692,77693],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1059,77695,77697,77698,2637],{"id":77696},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77699,70658],{},[20,77701,77702],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[51,77704,2015],{"id":2014},[30,77706,77707,77712,77717,77721,77725,77729],{},[33,77708,77709],{},[88,77710,77711],{"href":50902},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[33,77713,77714],{},[88,77715,77716],{"href":57078},"How to create a list in Python",[33,77718,77719],{},[88,77720,15091],{"href":57144},[33,77722,77723],{},[88,77724,74734],{"href":74733},[33,77726,77727],{},[88,77728,77668],{"href":77667},[33,77730,77731],{},[88,77732,69186],{"href":69185},[20,77734,77735,77736,77738],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77737,42280],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2071,77740,77741],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":77743},[77744,77745,77746,77747,77748,77749,77752,77756,77764,77765,77773],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":75517,"depth":133,"text":75518},{"id":75680,"depth":133,"text":75681},{"id":75942,"depth":133,"text":75943},{"id":76236,"depth":133,"text":76237},{"id":76482,"depth":133,"text":76483,"children":77750},[77751],{"id":76740,"depth":154,"text":76741},{"id":76794,"depth":133,"text":76795,"children":77753},[77754,77755],{"id":76801,"depth":154,"text":76802},{"id":76862,"depth":154,"text":76863},{"id":77069,"depth":133,"text":15303,"children":77757},[77758,77759,77760,77761,77763],{"id":77098,"depth":154,"text":77099},{"id":77187,"depth":154,"text":77188},{"id":77249,"depth":154,"text":77250},{"id":77365,"depth":154,"text":77762},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77492,"depth":154,"text":77493},{"id":77534,"depth":133,"text":77535},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":77766},[77767,77768,77769,77771],{"id":77674,"depth":154,"text":77675},{"id":77681,"depth":154,"text":77682},{"id":77688,"depth":154,"text":77770},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77696,"depth":154,"text":77772},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75340,"description":77774},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77781,"title":77782,"body":77783,"description":79852,"extension":2111,"meta":79853,"navigation":157,"path":79854,"seo":79855,"stem":79856,"__hash__":79857},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77784,"toc":79818},[77785,77790,77796,77802,77804,77851,77858,77863,77867,77882,77885,77938,77940,77965,77970,77972,78004,78007,78023,78025,78086,78088,78113,78117,78122,78175,78177,78202,78207,78268,78270,78295,78298,78305,78309,78312,78373,78375,78408,78411,78472,78474,78507,78513,78586,78588,78620,78627,78632,78637,78639,78651,78654,78732,78734,78775,78778,78852,78854,78887,78892,78899,78906,78910,78919,78923,78931,78933,79000,79002,79038,79043,79054,79056,79061,79066,79068,79131,79133,79158,79165,79170,79174,79177,79217,79222,79228,79233,79235,79262,79267,79270,79317,79319,79376,79383,79388,79394,79463,79467,79470,79533,79535,79568,79573,79575,79578,79659,79661,79685,79691,79693,79698,79702,79709,79717,79721,79723,79746,79750,79752,79779,79782,79789,79792,79794,79815],[10,77786,54266,77788,18],{"id":77787},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77789,64238],{},[20,77791,77792,77795],{},[15,77793,77794],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77797,77798,77799,77801],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77800,64238],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[51,77803,54],{"id":53},[56,77805,77807],{"className":58,"code":77806,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77808,77809,77829,77839],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77810,77811,77813,77815,77817,77819,77821,77823,77825,77827],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77812,3768],{"class":71},[65,77814,76],{"class":75},[65,77816,3773],{"class":79},[65,77818,2210],{"class":96},[65,77820,100],{"class":79},[65,77822,97],{"class":96},[65,77824,100],{"class":79},[65,77826,113],{"class":96},[65,77828,3786],{"class":79},[65,77830,77831,77833,77835,77837],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,77832,3800],{"class":71},[65,77834,144],{"class":79},[65,77836,34712],{"class":147},[65,77838,151],{"class":79},[65,77840,77841,77843,77845,77847,77849],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,77842,165],{"class":164},[65,77844,168],{"class":79},[65,77846,3800],{"class":147},[65,77848,3813],{"class":79},[65,77850,54856],{"class":3816},[20,77852,1309,77853,77855,77856,144],{},[15,77854,77794],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77857,3930],{},[51,77859,252,77861,255],{"id":77860},"what-listsort-does",[15,77862,77794],{},[20,77864,77865,93],{},[15,77866,77794],{},[30,77868,77869,77872,77875,77879],{},[33,77870,77871],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[33,77873,77874],{},"Changes the original list",[33,77876,11566,77877],{},[15,77878,3930],{},[33,77880,77881],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77883,77884],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[56,77886,77888],{"className":58,"code":77887,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77889,77890,77914,77924,77928],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77891,77892,77894,77896,77898,77900,77902,77904,77906,77908,77910,77912],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77893,3768],{"class":71},[65,77895,76],{"class":75},[65,77897,3773],{"class":79},[65,77899,2284],{"class":96},[65,77901,100],{"class":79},[65,77903,113],{"class":96},[65,77905,100],{"class":79},[65,77907,54060],{"class":96},[65,77909,100],{"class":79},[65,77911,97],{"class":96},[65,77913,3786],{"class":79},[65,77915,77916,77918,77920,77922],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,77917,3800],{"class":71},[65,77919,144],{"class":79},[65,77921,34712],{"class":147},[65,77923,151],{"class":79},[65,77925,77926],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,77927,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,77929,77930,77932,77934,77936],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,77931,165],{"class":164},[65,77933,168],{"class":79},[65,77935,3800],{"class":147},[65,77937,174],{"class":79},[20,77939,191],{},[56,77941,77943],{"className":58,"code":77942,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77944,77945],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77946,77947,77949,77951,77953,77955,77957,77959,77961,77963],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77948,4054],{"class":79},[65,77950,3135],{"class":96},[65,77952,100],{"class":79},[65,77954,113],{"class":96},[65,77956,100],{"class":79},[65,77958,4762],{"class":96},[65,77960,100],{"class":79},[65,77962,54060],{"class":96},[65,77964,3786],{"class":79},[20,77966,77967,77968,144],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[88,77969,67004],{"href":50902},[51,77971,283],{"id":282},[56,77973,77975],{"className":58,"code":77974,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77976,77977],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,77978,77979,77981,77983,77985,77987,77989,77991,77993,77995,77998,78000,78002],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,77980,8490],{"class":71},[65,77982,144],{"class":79},[65,77984,34712],{"class":147},[65,77986,168],{"class":79},[65,77988,487],{"class":9326},[65,77990,76],{"class":75},[65,77992,3930],{"class":4005},[65,77994,100],{"class":79},[65,77996,77997],{"class":9326}," reverse",[65,77999,76],{"class":75},[65,78001,3827],{"class":4005},[65,78003,174],{"class":79},[20,78005,78006],{},"Main arguments:",[30,78008,78009,78014,78020],{},[33,78010,78011,78013],{},[15,78012,487],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[33,78015,78016,78019],{},[15,78017,78018],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[33,78021,78022],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78024,350],{},[56,78026,78028],{"className":58,"code":78027,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78029,78030,78054,78072,78076],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78031,78032,78034,78036,78038,78040,78042,78044,78046,78048,78050,78052],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78033,3768],{"class":71},[65,78035,76],{"class":75},[65,78037,3773],{"class":79},[65,78039,2650],{"class":96},[65,78041,100],{"class":79},[65,78043,97],{"class":96},[65,78045,100],{"class":79},[65,78047,6146],{"class":96},[65,78049,100],{"class":79},[65,78051,113],{"class":96},[65,78053,3786],{"class":79},[65,78055,78056,78058,78060,78062,78064,78066,78068,78070],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,78057,3800],{"class":71},[65,78059,144],{"class":79},[65,78061,34712],{"class":147},[65,78063,168],{"class":79},[65,78065,73504],{"class":9326},[65,78067,76],{"class":75},[65,78069,3753],{"class":4005},[65,78071,174],{"class":79},[65,78073,78074],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,78075,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,78077,78078,78080,78082,78084],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,78079,165],{"class":164},[65,78081,168],{"class":79},[65,78083,3800],{"class":147},[65,78085,174],{"class":79},[20,78087,191],{},[56,78089,78091],{"className":58,"code":78090,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78092,78093],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78094,78095,78097,78099,78101,78103,78105,78107,78109,78111],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78096,4054],{"class":79},[65,78098,2172],{"class":96},[65,78100,100],{"class":79},[65,78102,2602],{"class":96},[65,78104,100],{"class":79},[65,78106,113],{"class":96},[65,78108,100],{"class":79},[65,78110,97],{"class":96},[65,78112,3786],{"class":79},[51,78114,78116],{"id":78115},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78118,1309,78119,78121],{},[15,78120,64238],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[56,78123,78125],{"className":58,"code":78124,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78126,78127,78151,78161,78165],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78128,78129,78131,78133,78135,78137,78139,78141,78143,78145,78147,78149],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78130,3768],{"class":71},[65,78132,76],{"class":75},[65,78134,3773],{"class":79},[65,78136,2476],{"class":96},[65,78138,100],{"class":79},[65,78140,127],{"class":96},[65,78142,100],{"class":79},[65,78144,6513],{"class":96},[65,78146,100],{"class":79},[65,78148,97],{"class":96},[65,78150,3786],{"class":79},[65,78152,78153,78155,78157,78159],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,78154,3800],{"class":71},[65,78156,144],{"class":79},[65,78158,34712],{"class":147},[65,78160,151],{"class":79},[65,78162,78163],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,78164,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,78166,78167,78169,78171,78173],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,78168,165],{"class":164},[65,78170,168],{"class":79},[65,78172,3800],{"class":147},[65,78174,174],{"class":79},[20,78176,191],{},[56,78178,78180],{"className":58,"code":78179,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78181,78182],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78183,78184,78186,78188,78190,78192,78194,78196,78198,78200],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78185,4054],{"class":79},[65,78187,3135],{"class":96},[65,78189,100],{"class":79},[65,78191,127],{"class":96},[65,78193,100],{"class":79},[65,78195,6513],{"class":96},[65,78197,100],{"class":79},[65,78199,6157],{"class":96},[65,78201,3786],{"class":79},[20,78203,1309,78204,78206],{},[15,78205,78018],{}," for descending order:",[56,78208,78210],{"className":58,"code":78209,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78211,78212,78236,78254,78258],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78213,78214,78216,78218,78220,78222,78224,78226,78228,78230,78232,78234],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78215,3768],{"class":71},[65,78217,76],{"class":75},[65,78219,3773],{"class":79},[65,78221,2476],{"class":96},[65,78223,100],{"class":79},[65,78225,127],{"class":96},[65,78227,100],{"class":79},[65,78229,6513],{"class":96},[65,78231,100],{"class":79},[65,78233,97],{"class":96},[65,78235,3786],{"class":79},[65,78237,78238,78240,78242,78244,78246,78248,78250,78252],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,78239,3800],{"class":71},[65,78241,144],{"class":79},[65,78243,34712],{"class":147},[65,78245,168],{"class":79},[65,78247,73504],{"class":9326},[65,78249,76],{"class":75},[65,78251,3753],{"class":4005},[65,78253,174],{"class":79},[65,78255,78256],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,78257,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,78259,78260,78262,78264,78266],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,78261,165],{"class":164},[65,78263,168],{"class":79},[65,78265,3800],{"class":147},[65,78267,174],{"class":79},[20,78269,191],{},[56,78271,78273],{"className":58,"code":78272,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78274,78275],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78276,78277,78279,78281,78283,78285,78287,78289,78291,78293],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78278,4054],{"class":79},[65,78280,2476],{"class":96},[65,78282,100],{"class":79},[65,78284,6513],{"class":96},[65,78286,100],{"class":79},[65,78288,127],{"class":96},[65,78290,100],{"class":79},[65,78292,97],{"class":96},[65,78294,3786],{"class":79},[20,78296,78297],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78299,78300,78301,144],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[88,78302,78304],{"href":78303},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[51,78306,78308],{"id":78307},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78310,78311],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[56,78313,78315],{"className":58,"code":78314,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78316,78317,78349,78359,78363],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78318,78319,78321,78323,78325,78327,78329,78331,78333,78335,78337,78339,78341,78343,78345,78347],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78320,4225],{"class":71},[65,78322,76],{"class":75},[65,78324,3773],{"class":79},[65,78326,84],{"class":83},[65,78328,4243],{"class":87},[65,78330,84],{"class":83},[65,78332,100],{"class":79},[65,78334,103],{"class":83},[65,78336,4234],{"class":87},[65,78338,84],{"class":83},[65,78340,100],{"class":79},[65,78342,103],{"class":83},[65,78344,4252],{"class":87},[65,78346,84],{"class":83},[65,78348,3786],{"class":79},[65,78350,78351,78353,78355,78357],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,78352,4269],{"class":71},[65,78354,144],{"class":79},[65,78356,34712],{"class":147},[65,78358,151],{"class":79},[65,78360,78361],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,78362,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,78364,78365,78367,78369,78371],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,78366,165],{"class":164},[65,78368,168],{"class":79},[65,78370,4269],{"class":147},[65,78372,174],{"class":79},[20,78374,191],{},[56,78376,78378],{"className":58,"code":78377,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78379,78380],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78381,78382,78384,78386,78388,78390,78392,78394,78396,78398,78400,78402,78404,78406],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78383,4054],{"class":79},[65,78385,203],{"class":83},[65,78387,4234],{"class":87},[65,78389,203],{"class":83},[65,78391,100],{"class":79},[65,78393,233],{"class":83},[65,78395,4243],{"class":87},[65,78397,203],{"class":83},[65,78399,100],{"class":79},[65,78401,233],{"class":83},[65,78403,4252],{"class":87},[65,78405,203],{"class":83},[65,78407,3786],{"class":79},[20,78409,78410],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[56,78412,78414],{"className":58,"code":78413,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78415,78416,78448,78458,78462],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78417,78418,78420,78422,78424,78426,78428,78430,78432,78434,78436,78438,78440,78442,78444,78446],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78419,4225],{"class":71},[65,78421,76],{"class":75},[65,78423,3773],{"class":79},[65,78425,84],{"class":83},[65,78427,4243],{"class":87},[65,78429,84],{"class":83},[65,78431,100],{"class":79},[65,78433,103],{"class":83},[65,78435,57693],{"class":87},[65,78437,84],{"class":83},[65,78439,100],{"class":79},[65,78441,103],{"class":83},[65,78443,4252],{"class":87},[65,78445,84],{"class":83},[65,78447,3786],{"class":79},[65,78449,78450,78452,78454,78456],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,78451,4269],{"class":71},[65,78453,144],{"class":79},[65,78455,34712],{"class":147},[65,78457,151],{"class":79},[65,78459,78460],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,78461,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,78463,78464,78466,78468,78470],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,78465,165],{"class":164},[65,78467,168],{"class":79},[65,78469,4269],{"class":147},[65,78471,174],{"class":79},[20,78473,191],{},[56,78475,78477],{"className":58,"code":78476,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78478,78479],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78480,78481,78483,78485,78487,78489,78491,78493,78495,78497,78499,78501,78503,78505],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78482,4054],{"class":79},[65,78484,203],{"class":83},[65,78486,57693],{"class":87},[65,78488,203],{"class":83},[65,78490,100],{"class":79},[65,78492,233],{"class":83},[65,78494,4243],{"class":87},[65,78496,203],{"class":83},[65,78498,100],{"class":79},[65,78500,233],{"class":83},[65,78502,4252],{"class":87},[65,78504,203],{"class":83},[65,78506,3786],{"class":79},[20,78508,78509,78510,93],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78511,78512],{},"key=str.lower",[56,78514,78516],{"className":58,"code":78515,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78517,78518,78550,78572,78576],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78519,78520,78522,78524,78526,78528,78530,78532,78534,78536,78538,78540,78542,78544,78546,78548],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78521,4225],{"class":71},[65,78523,76],{"class":75},[65,78525,3773],{"class":79},[65,78527,84],{"class":83},[65,78529,4243],{"class":87},[65,78531,84],{"class":83},[65,78533,100],{"class":79},[65,78535,103],{"class":83},[65,78537,57693],{"class":87},[65,78539,84],{"class":83},[65,78541,100],{"class":79},[65,78543,103],{"class":83},[65,78545,4252],{"class":87},[65,78547,84],{"class":83},[65,78549,3786],{"class":79},[65,78551,78552,78554,78556,78558,78560,78562,78564,78566,78568,78570],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,78553,4269],{"class":71},[65,78555,144],{"class":79},[65,78557,34712],{"class":147},[65,78559,168],{"class":79},[65,78561,487],{"class":9326},[65,78563,76],{"class":75},[65,78565,3591],{"class":1368},[65,78567,144],{"class":79},[65,78569,8791],{"class":24857},[65,78571,174],{"class":79},[65,78573,78574],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,78575,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,78577,78578,78580,78582,78584],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,78579,165],{"class":164},[65,78581,168],{"class":79},[65,78583,4269],{"class":147},[65,78585,174],{"class":79},[20,78587,191],{},[56,78589,78590],{"className":58,"code":78476,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,78591,78592],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78593,78594,78596,78598,78600,78602,78604,78606,78608,78610,78612,78614,78616,78618],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78595,4054],{"class":79},[65,78597,203],{"class":83},[65,78599,57693],{"class":87},[65,78601,203],{"class":83},[65,78603,100],{"class":79},[65,78605,233],{"class":83},[65,78607,4243],{"class":87},[65,78609,203],{"class":83},[65,78611,100],{"class":79},[65,78613,233],{"class":83},[65,78615,4252],{"class":87},[65,78617,203],{"class":83},[65,78619,3786],{"class":79},[20,78621,78622,78623,78626],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78624,78625],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[51,78628,36528,78630,36531],{"id":78629},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78631,487],{},[20,78633,22,78634,78636],{},[15,78635,487],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78638,7492],{},[30,78640,78641,78646],{},[33,78642,78643,78645],{},[15,78644,1863],{}," to sort by length",[33,78647,78648,78650],{},[15,78649,78625],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78652,78653],{},"Sort words by length:",[56,78655,78657],{"className":58,"code":78656,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78658,78659,78700,78718,78722],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78660,78661,78663,78665,78667,78669,78672,78674,78676,78678,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692,78694,78696,78698],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78662,4225],{"class":71},[65,78664,76],{"class":75},[65,78666,3773],{"class":79},[65,78668,84],{"class":83},[65,78670,78671],{"class":87},"pear",[65,78673,84],{"class":83},[65,78675,100],{"class":79},[65,78677,103],{"class":83},[65,78679,4243],{"class":87},[65,78681,84],{"class":83},[65,78683,100],{"class":79},[65,78685,103],{"class":83},[65,78687,38275],{"class":87},[65,78689,84],{"class":83},[65,78691,100],{"class":79},[65,78693,103],{"class":83},[65,78695,4234],{"class":87},[65,78697,84],{"class":83},[65,78699,3786],{"class":79},[65,78701,78702,78704,78706,78708,78710,78712,78714,78716],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,78703,4269],{"class":71},[65,78705,144],{"class":79},[65,78707,34712],{"class":147},[65,78709,168],{"class":79},[65,78711,487],{"class":9326},[65,78713,76],{"class":75},[65,78715,1863],{"class":164},[65,78717,174],{"class":79},[65,78719,78720],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,78721,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,78723,78724,78726,78728,78730],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,78725,165],{"class":164},[65,78727,168],{"class":79},[65,78729,4269],{"class":147},[65,78731,174],{"class":79},[20,78733,191],{},[56,78735,78737],{"className":58,"code":78736,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78738,78739],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78740,78741,78743,78745,78747,78749,78751,78753,78755,78757,78759,78761,78763,78765,78767,78769,78771,78773],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78742,4054],{"class":79},[65,78744,203],{"class":83},[65,78746,38275],{"class":87},[65,78748,203],{"class":83},[65,78750,100],{"class":79},[65,78752,233],{"class":83},[65,78754,78671],{"class":87},[65,78756,203],{"class":83},[65,78758,100],{"class":79},[65,78760,233],{"class":83},[65,78762,4234],{"class":87},[65,78764,203],{"class":83},[65,78766,100],{"class":79},[65,78768,233],{"class":83},[65,78770,4243],{"class":87},[65,78772,203],{"class":83},[65,78774,3786],{"class":79},[20,78776,78777],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[56,78779,78781],{"className":58,"code":78780,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78782,78783,78816,78838,78842],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78784,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793,78795,78797,78799,78801,78803,78805,78807,78809,78812,78814],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78786,4225],{"class":71},[65,78788,76],{"class":75},[65,78790,3773],{"class":79},[65,78792,84],{"class":83},[65,78794,5167],{"class":87},[65,78796,84],{"class":83},[65,78798,100],{"class":79},[65,78800,103],{"class":83},[65,78802,17918],{"class":87},[65,78804,84],{"class":83},[65,78806,100],{"class":79},[65,78808,103],{"class":83},[65,78810,78811],{"class":87},"Carol",[65,78813,84],{"class":83},[65,78815,3786],{"class":79},[65,78817,78818,78820,78822,78824,78826,78828,78830,78832,78834,78836],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,78819,4269],{"class":71},[65,78821,144],{"class":79},[65,78823,34712],{"class":147},[65,78825,168],{"class":79},[65,78827,487],{"class":9326},[65,78829,76],{"class":75},[65,78831,3591],{"class":1368},[65,78833,144],{"class":79},[65,78835,8791],{"class":24857},[65,78837,174],{"class":79},[65,78839,78840],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,78841,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,78843,78844,78846,78848,78850],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,78845,165],{"class":164},[65,78847,168],{"class":79},[65,78849,4269],{"class":147},[65,78851,174],{"class":79},[20,78853,191],{},[56,78855,78857],{"className":58,"code":78856,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78858,78859],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78860,78861,78863,78865,78867,78869,78871,78873,78875,78877,78879,78881,78883,78885],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78862,4054],{"class":79},[65,78864,203],{"class":83},[65,78866,17918],{"class":87},[65,78868,203],{"class":83},[65,78870,100],{"class":79},[65,78872,233],{"class":83},[65,78874,5167],{"class":87},[65,78876,203],{"class":83},[65,78878,100],{"class":79},[65,78880,233],{"class":83},[65,78882,78811],{"class":87},[65,78884,203],{"class":83},[65,78886,3786],{"class":79},[20,78888,22,78889,78891],{},[15,78890,487],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[51,78893,78895,10729,78897],{"id":78894},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78896,77794],{},[15,78898,74351],{},[20,78900,78901,1048,78903,78905],{},[15,78902,77794],{},[15,78904,74351],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78907,78908,93],{},[15,78909,77794],{},[30,78911,78912,78915],{},[33,78913,78914],{},"Changes the existing list",[33,78916,11566,78917],{},[15,78918,3930],{},[20,78920,78921,93],{},[15,78922,74351],{},[30,78924,78925,78928],{},[33,78926,78927],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[33,78929,78930],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78932,350],{},[56,78934,78936],{"className":58,"code":78935,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78937,78938,78958,78962,78976,78980,78990],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,78939,78940,78942,78944,78946,78948,78950,78952,78954,78956],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,78941,3768],{"class":71},[65,78943,76],{"class":75},[65,78945,3773],{"class":79},[65,78947,2210],{"class":96},[65,78949,100],{"class":79},[65,78951,97],{"class":96},[65,78953,100],{"class":79},[65,78955,113],{"class":96},[65,78957,3786],{"class":79},[65,78959,78960],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,78961,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,78963,78964,78966,78968,78970,78972,78974],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,78965,55814],{"class":71},[65,78967,76],{"class":75},[65,78969,74485],{"class":164},[65,78971,168],{"class":79},[65,78973,3800],{"class":147},[65,78975,174],{"class":79},[65,78977,78978],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,78979,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,78981,78982,78984,78986,78988],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,78983,165],{"class":164},[65,78985,168],{"class":79},[65,78987,3800],{"class":147},[65,78989,174],{"class":79},[65,78991,78992,78994,78996,78998],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,78993,165],{"class":164},[65,78995,168],{"class":79},[65,78997,74208],{"class":147},[65,78999,174],{"class":79},[20,79001,191],{},[56,79003,79004],{"className":58,"code":74520,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,79005,79006,79022],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79007,79008,79010,79012,79014,79016,79018,79020],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79009,4054],{"class":79},[65,79011,2210],{"class":96},[65,79013,100],{"class":79},[65,79015,97],{"class":96},[65,79017,100],{"class":79},[65,79019,113],{"class":96},[65,79021,3786],{"class":79},[65,79023,79024,79026,79028,79030,79032,79034,79036],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,79025,4054],{"class":79},[65,79027,3135],{"class":96},[65,79029,100],{"class":79},[65,79031,113],{"class":96},[65,79033,100],{"class":79},[65,79035,127],{"class":96},[65,79037,3786],{"class":79},[20,79039,1309,79040,79042],{},[15,79041,74351],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79044,79045,79046,1048,79050,144],{},"You can learn more in ",[88,79047,3724,79048,5935],{"href":74448},[15,79049,74351],{},[88,79051,79053],{"href":79052},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[51,79055,1766],{"id":1765},[20,79057,79058,79059,144],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79060,77794],{},[1059,79062,12728,79064],{"id":79063},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79065,64238],{},[20,79067,25797],{},[56,79069,79071],{"className":58,"code":79070,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79072,79073,79093,79107,79111,79121],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79074,79075,79077,79079,79081,79083,79085,79087,79089,79091],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79076,3768],{"class":71},[65,79078,76],{"class":75},[65,79080,3773],{"class":79},[65,79082,2210],{"class":96},[65,79084,100],{"class":79},[65,79086,97],{"class":96},[65,79088,100],{"class":79},[65,79090,113],{"class":96},[65,79092,3786],{"class":79},[65,79094,79095,79097,79099,79101,79103,79105],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,79096,401],{"class":71},[65,79098,76],{"class":75},[65,79100,4419],{"class":71},[65,79102,144],{"class":79},[65,79104,34712],{"class":147},[65,79106,151],{"class":79},[65,79108,79109],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,79110,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,79112,79113,79115,79117,79119],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,79114,165],{"class":164},[65,79116,168],{"class":79},[65,79118,425],{"class":147},[65,79120,174],{"class":79},[65,79122,79123,79125,79127,79129],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,79124,165],{"class":164},[65,79126,168],{"class":79},[65,79128,3800],{"class":147},[65,79130,174],{"class":79},[20,79132,191],{},[56,79134,79136],{"className":58,"code":79135,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79137,79138,79142],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79139,79140],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79141,11943],{"class":4005},[65,79143,79144,79146,79148,79150,79152,79154,79156],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,79145,4054],{"class":79},[65,79147,3135],{"class":96},[65,79149,100],{"class":79},[65,79151,113],{"class":96},[65,79153,100],{"class":79},[65,79155,127],{"class":96},[65,79157,3786],{"class":79},[20,79159,79160,79162,79163,144],{},[15,79161,64238],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79164,3930],{},[20,79166,79167,79168,328],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79169,74351],{},[1059,79171,79173],{"id":79172},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79175,79176],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[56,79178,79180],{"className":58,"code":79179,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79181,79182,79207],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79183,79184,79186,79188,79190,79192,79194,79196,79199,79201,79203,79205],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79185,7929],{"class":71},[65,79187,76],{"class":75},[65,79189,3773],{"class":79},[65,79191,3135],{"class":96},[65,79193,100],{"class":79},[65,79195,103],{"class":83},[65,79197,79198],{"class":87},"two",[65,79200,84],{"class":83},[65,79202,100],{"class":79},[65,79204,127],{"class":96},[65,79206,3786],{"class":79},[65,79208,79209,79211,79213,79215],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,79210,7960],{"class":71},[65,79212,144],{"class":79},[65,79214,34712],{"class":147},[65,79216,151],{"class":79},[20,79218,3149,79219,79221],{},[15,79220,3152],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1059,79223,1812,79225,79227],{"id":79224},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79226,64238],{}," only works on lists",[20,79229,79230,79232],{},[15,79231,64238],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79234,16764],{},[56,79236,79238],{"className":58,"code":79237,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79239,79240,79252],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79241,79242,79244,79246,79248,79250],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79243,34600],{"class":71},[65,79245,76],{"class":75},[65,79247,103],{"class":83},[65,79249,60],{"class":87},[65,79251,1650],{"class":83},[65,79253,79254,79256,79258,79260],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,79255,34621],{"class":71},[65,79257,144],{"class":79},[65,79259,34712],{"class":147},[65,79261,151],{"class":79},[20,79263,79264,79265,33512],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79266,64238],{},[20,79268,79269],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[56,79271,79273],{"className":58,"code":79272,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79274,79275,79293,79303,79307],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79276,79277,79279,79281,79283,79285,79287,79289,79291],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79278,36005],{"class":71},[65,79280,76],{"class":75},[65,79282,22667],{"class":1368},[65,79284,168],{"class":79},[65,79286,84],{"class":83},[65,79288,60],{"class":87},[65,79290,84],{"class":83},[65,79292,174],{"class":79},[65,79294,79295,79297,79299,79301],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,79296,36058],{"class":71},[65,79298,144],{"class":79},[65,79300,34712],{"class":147},[65,79302,151],{"class":79},[65,79304,79305],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,79306,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,79308,79309,79311,79313,79315],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,79310,165],{"class":164},[65,79312,168],{"class":79},[65,79314,36058],{"class":147},[65,79316,174],{"class":79},[20,79318,191],{},[56,79320,79322],{"className":58,"code":79321,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79323,79324],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79325,79326,79328,79330,79332,79334,79336,79338,79340,79342,79344,79346,79348,79350,79352,79354,79356,79358,79360,79362,79364,79366,79368,79370,79372,79374],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79327,4054],{"class":79},[65,79329,203],{"class":83},[65,79331,60364],{"class":87},[65,79333,203],{"class":83},[65,79335,100],{"class":79},[65,79337,233],{"class":83},[65,79339,75957],{"class":87},[65,79341,203],{"class":83},[65,79343,100],{"class":79},[65,79345,233],{"class":83},[65,79347,60399],{"class":87},[65,79349,203],{"class":83},[65,79351,100],{"class":79},[65,79353,233],{"class":83},[65,79355,20],{"class":87},[65,79357,203],{"class":83},[65,79359,100],{"class":79},[65,79361,233],{"class":83},[65,79363,63213],{"class":87},[65,79365,203],{"class":83},[65,79367,100],{"class":79},[65,79369,233],{"class":83},[65,79371,944],{"class":87},[65,79373,203],{"class":83},[65,79375,3786],{"class":79},[1059,79377,79379,79380,79382],{"id":79378},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79381,487],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79384,79385,79386,144],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79387,487],{},[20,79389,79390,79391,79393],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79392,64238],{}," will not do that:",[56,79395,79397],{"className":58,"code":79396,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79398,79399,79431,79449,79453],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79400,79401,79403,79405,79407,79409,79411,79413,79415,79417,79419,79421,79423,79425,79427,79429],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79402,4225],{"class":71},[65,79404,76],{"class":75},[65,79406,3773],{"class":79},[65,79408,84],{"class":83},[65,79410,4243],{"class":87},[65,79412,84],{"class":83},[65,79414,100],{"class":79},[65,79416,103],{"class":83},[65,79418,38275],{"class":87},[65,79420,84],{"class":83},[65,79422,100],{"class":79},[65,79424,103],{"class":83},[65,79426,4234],{"class":87},[65,79428,84],{"class":83},[65,79430,3786],{"class":79},[65,79432,79433,79435,79437,79439,79441,79443,79445,79447],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,79434,4269],{"class":71},[65,79436,144],{"class":79},[65,79438,34712],{"class":147},[65,79440,168],{"class":79},[65,79442,487],{"class":9326},[65,79444,76],{"class":75},[65,79446,1863],{"class":164},[65,79448,174],{"class":79},[65,79450,79451],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,79452,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,79454,79455,79457,79459,79461],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,79456,165],{"class":164},[65,79458,168],{"class":79},[65,79460,4269],{"class":147},[65,79462,174],{"class":79},[1059,79464,79466],{"id":79465},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79468,79469],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[56,79471,79473],{"className":58,"code":79472,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79474,79475,79509,79519,79523],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79476,79477,79479,79481,79483,79485,79488,79490,79492,79494,79496,79498,79500,79502,79505,79507],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79478,4225],{"class":71},[65,79480,76],{"class":75},[65,79482,3773],{"class":79},[65,79484,84],{"class":83},[65,79486,79487],{"class":87},"zebra",[65,79489,84],{"class":83},[65,79491,100],{"class":79},[65,79493,103],{"class":83},[65,79495,57693],{"class":87},[65,79497,84],{"class":83},[65,79499,100],{"class":79},[65,79501,103],{"class":83},[65,79503,79504],{"class":87},"monkey",[65,79506,84],{"class":83},[65,79508,3786],{"class":79},[65,79510,79511,79513,79515,79517],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,79512,4269],{"class":71},[65,79514,144],{"class":79},[65,79516,34712],{"class":147},[65,79518,151],{"class":79},[65,79520,79521],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,79522,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,79524,79525,79527,79529,79531],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,79526,165],{"class":164},[65,79528,168],{"class":79},[65,79530,4269],{"class":147},[65,79532,174],{"class":79},[20,79534,191],{},[56,79536,79538],{"className":58,"code":79537,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79539,79540],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79541,79542,79544,79546,79548,79550,79552,79554,79556,79558,79560,79562,79564,79566],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79543,4054],{"class":79},[65,79545,203],{"class":83},[65,79547,57693],{"class":87},[65,79549,203],{"class":83},[65,79551,100],{"class":79},[65,79553,233],{"class":83},[65,79555,79504],{"class":87},[65,79557,203],{"class":83},[65,79559,100],{"class":79},[65,79561,233],{"class":83},[65,79563,79487],{"class":87},[65,79565,203],{"class":83},[65,79567,3786],{"class":79},[20,79569,1309,79570,79572],{},[15,79571,78512],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1059,79574,60636],{"id":60635},[20,79576,79577],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[56,79579,79581],{"className":58,"code":79580,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79582,79583,79593,79607,79621,79635],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79584,79585,79587,79589,79591],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79586,165],{"class":164},[65,79588,168],{"class":79},[65,79590,8490],{"class":147},[65,79592,174],{"class":79},[65,79594,79595,79597,79599,79601,79603,79605],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,79596,165],{"class":164},[65,79598,168],{"class":79},[65,79600,3370],{"class":1368},[65,79602,168],{"class":79},[65,79604,8490],{"class":147},[65,79606,1870],{"class":79},[65,79608,79609,79611,79613,79615,79617,79619],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,79610,165],{"class":164},[65,79612,168],{"class":79},[65,79614,8490],{"class":147},[65,79616,144],{"class":79},[65,79618,34712],{"class":147},[65,79620,980],{"class":79},[65,79622,79623,79625,79627,79629,79631,79633],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,79624,165],{"class":164},[65,79626,168],{"class":79},[65,79628,74441],{"class":164},[65,79630,168],{"class":79},[65,79632,8490],{"class":147},[65,79634,1870],{"class":79},[65,79636,79637,79639,79641,79643,79645,79647,79649,79651,79653,79655,79657],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,79638,165],{"class":164},[65,79640,3132],{"class":79},[65,79642,3370],{"class":1368},[65,79644,168],{"class":79},[65,79646,171],{"class":147},[65,79648,3813],{"class":79},[65,79650,4030],{"class":1405},[65,79652,6113],{"class":147},[65,79654,4036],{"class":1405},[65,79656,8547],{"class":147},[65,79658,4042],{"class":79},[20,79660,11315],{},[30,79662,79663,79666,79669,79676,79682],{},[33,79664,79665],{},"What values are in the list",[33,79667,79668],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[33,79670,79671,79672,2543,79674],{},"That ",[15,79673,64238],{},[15,79675,3930],{},[33,79677,79678,79679,79681],{},"Whether ",[15,79680,74351],{}," works better for your case",[33,79683,79684],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79686,79687,79688,79690],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79689,3152],{}," problems.",[51,79692,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,79694,1966,79696,55393],{"id":79695},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79697,77794],{},[20,79699,62529,79700,144],{},[15,79701,3930],{},[1059,79703,5330,79705,1048,79707,2637],{"id":79704},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79706,64238],{},[15,79708,74351],{},[20,79710,79711,79713,79714,79716],{},[15,79712,64238],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79715,74351],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1059,79718,79720],{"id":79719},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79722,18810],{},[56,79724,79726],{"className":58,"code":79725,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79727,79728],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79729,79730,79732,79734,79736,79738,79740,79742,79744],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79731,8490],{"class":71},[65,79733,144],{"class":79},[65,79735,34712],{"class":147},[65,79737,168],{"class":79},[65,79739,73504],{"class":9326},[65,79741,76],{"class":75},[65,79743,3753],{"class":4005},[65,79745,174],{"class":79},[1059,79747,79749],{"id":79748},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79751,18810],{},[56,79753,79755],{"className":58,"code":79754,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79756,79757],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79758,79759,79761,79763,79765,79767,79769,79771,79773,79775,79777],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79760,8490],{"class":71},[65,79762,144],{"class":79},[65,79764,34712],{"class":147},[65,79766,168],{"class":79},[65,79768,487],{"class":9326},[65,79770,76],{"class":75},[65,79772,3591],{"class":1368},[65,79774,144],{"class":79},[65,79776,8791],{"class":24857},[65,79778,174],{"class":79},[20,79780,79781],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1059,79783,79785,79786,79788],{"id":79784},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79787,3152],{}," when sorting?",[20,79790,79791],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[51,79793,2015],{"id":2014},[30,79795,79796,79801,79807,79811],{},[33,79797,79798],{},[88,79799,79800],{"href":78303},"How to sort a list in Python",[33,79802,79803],{},[88,79804,3724,79805,5935],{"href":74448},[15,79806,74351],{},[33,79808,79809],{},[88,79810,67004],{"href":50902},[33,79812,79813],{},[88,79814,79053],{"href":79052},[2071,79816,79817],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":79819},[79820,79821,79823,79824,79825,79826,79828,79830,79841,79851],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":77860,"depth":133,"text":79822},"What list.sort() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":78115,"depth":133,"text":78116},{"id":78307,"depth":133,"text":78308},{"id":78629,"depth":133,"text":79827},"Using the key argument",{"id":78894,"depth":133,"text":79829},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":79831},[79832,79834,79835,79837,79839,79840],{"id":79063,"depth":154,"text":79833},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79172,"depth":154,"text":79173},{"id":79224,"depth":154,"text":79836},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79378,"depth":154,"text":79838},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79465,"depth":154,"text":79466},{"id":60635,"depth":154,"text":60636},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":79842},[79843,79845,79847,79848,79849],{"id":79695,"depth":154,"text":79844},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79704,"depth":154,"text":79846},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79719,"depth":154,"text":79720},{"id":79748,"depth":154,"text":79749},{"id":79784,"depth":154,"text":79850},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77782,"description":79852},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79859,"title":79860,"body":79861,"description":82492,"extension":2111,"meta":82493,"navigation":157,"path":82494,"seo":82495,"stem":82496,"__hash__":82497},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79862,"toc":82451},[79863,79868,79873,79876,79887,79890,79910,79912,79974,79976,80017,80026,80031,80036,80042,80053,80055,80074,80077,80082,80087,80089,80094,80108,80110,80128,80131,80148,80151,80157,80180,80185,80187,80190,80251,80253,80286,80288,80327,80335,80345,80351,80356,80449,80451,80475,80477,80495,80498,80529,80535,80540,80543,80545,80670,80672,80696,80698,80717,80723,80729,80848,80850,80867,80874,80880,80885,80892,80898,80900,80957,80960,80981,80984,80987,81048,81050,81083,81087,81157,81159,81176,81180,81183,81258,81260,81297,81300,81303,81374,81376,81437,81442,81447,81450,81464,81466,81539,81541,81561,81564,81567,81624,81686,81689,81721,81724,81739,81744,81746,81752,81755,81811,81814,81816,81835,81839,81841,81885,81894,81896,81956,81960,81963,81965,82058,82060,82175,82179,82181,82255,82258,82261,82263,82268,82333,82335,82359,82369,82371,82377,82386,82395,82404,82410,82413,82417,82420,82422,82448],[10,79864,3724,79866,3728],{"id":79865},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79867,39634],{},[20,79869,3731,79870,79872],{},[15,79871,39634],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79874,79875],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[30,79877,79878,79881,79884],{},[33,79879,79880],{},"converting numbers to strings",[33,79882,79883],{},"changing strings to integers",[33,79885,79886],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79888,79889],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[30,79891,79892,79899,79905],{},[33,79893,79894,14183,79896,79898],{},[15,79895,39634],{},[46,79897,1014],{}," return a list in Python 3",[33,79900,79901,79902],{},"it returns a ",[46,79903,79904],{},"map object",[33,79906,79907,79908],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79909,24888],{},[51,79911,54],{"id":53},[56,79913,79915],{"className":58,"code":79914,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79916,79917,79941,79960],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79918,79919,79921,79923,79925,79927,79929,79931,79933,79935,79937,79939],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79920,3768],{"class":71},[65,79922,76],{"class":75},[65,79924,3773],{"class":79},[65,79926,3135],{"class":96},[65,79928,100],{"class":79},[65,79930,113],{"class":96},[65,79932,100],{"class":79},[65,79934,127],{"class":96},[65,79936,100],{"class":79},[65,79938,2602],{"class":96},[65,79940,3786],{"class":79},[65,79942,79943,79945,79947,79950,79952,79954,79956,79958],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,79944,401],{"class":71},[65,79946,76],{"class":75},[65,79948,79949],{"class":164}," map",[65,79951,168],{"class":79},[65,79953,3591],{"class":1368},[65,79955,100],{"class":79},[65,79957,4419],{"class":147},[65,79959,174],{"class":79},[65,79961,79962,79964,79966,79968,79970,79972],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,79963,165],{"class":164},[65,79965,168],{"class":79},[65,79967,8244],{"class":1368},[65,79969,168],{"class":79},[65,79971,425],{"class":147},[65,79973,1870],{"class":79},[20,79975,191],{},[56,79977,79979],{"className":58,"code":79978,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79980,79981],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,79982,79983,79985,79987,79989,79991,79993,79995,79997,79999,80001,80003,80005,80007,80009,80011,80013,80015],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,79984,4054],{"class":79},[65,79986,203],{"class":83},[65,79988,3135],{"class":87},[65,79990,203],{"class":83},[65,79992,100],{"class":79},[65,79994,233],{"class":83},[65,79996,2204],{"class":87},[65,79998,203],{"class":83},[65,80000,100],{"class":79},[65,80002,233],{"class":83},[65,80004,2210],{"class":87},[65,80006,203],{"class":83},[65,80008,100],{"class":79},[65,80010,233],{"class":83},[65,80012,2650],{"class":87},[65,80014,203],{"class":83},[65,80016,3786],{"class":79},[20,80018,1309,80019,80022,80023,80025],{},[15,80020,80021],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80024,24888],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[51,80027,252,80029,255],{"id":80028},"what-map-does",[15,80030,39634],{},[20,80032,80033,80035],{},[15,80034,39634],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80037,80038,80039,80041],{},"An ",[46,80040,3872],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[30,80043,80044,80046,80048,80050],{},[33,80045,37818],{},[33,80047,37821],{},[33,80049,37824],{},[33,80051,80052],{},"a range object",[20,80054,30635],{},[56,80056,80058],{"className":58,"code":80057,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80059,80060],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80061,80062,80064,80066,80068,80070,80072],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80063,39777],{"class":164},[65,80065,168],{"class":79},[65,80067,37777],{"class":147},[65,80069,100],{"class":79},[65,80071,37782],{"class":147},[65,80073,174],{"class":79},[20,80075,80076],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80078,80079,80080,33653],{},"Important: the result is a ",[46,80081,79904],{},[20,80083,80084,80085,144],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[88,80086,5288],{"href":5287},[51,80088,283],{"id":282},[20,80090,80091,80093],{},[15,80092,39634],{}," needs at least two parts:",[30,80095,80096,80102],{},[33,80097,80098,80101],{},[46,80099,80100],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[33,80103,80104,80107],{},[46,80105,80106],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80109,3857],{},[56,80111,80112],{"className":58,"code":80057,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,80113,80114],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80115,80116,80118,80120,80122,80124,80126],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80117,39777],{"class":164},[65,80119,168],{"class":79},[65,80121,37777],{"class":147},[65,80123,100],{"class":79},[65,80125,37782],{"class":147},[65,80127,174],{"class":79},[20,80129,80130],{},"You can pass:",[30,80132,80133,80142,80145],{},[33,80134,80135,80136,1028,80138,2339,80140],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80137,3591],{},[15,80139,2335],{},[15,80141,2164],{},[33,80143,80144],{},"your own custom function",[33,80146,80147],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80149,80150],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80152,80153,80154,80156],{},"You will often see ",[15,80155,39634],{}," used like this:",[56,80158,80160],{"className":58,"code":80159,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80161,80162],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80163,80164,80166,80168,80170,80172,80174,80176,80178],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80165,8244],{"class":1368},[65,80167,168],{"class":79},[65,80169,39777],{"class":164},[65,80171,168],{"class":79},[65,80173,37777],{"class":147},[65,80175,100],{"class":79},[65,80177,4039],{"class":147},[65,80179,1870],{"class":79},[20,80181,6827,80182,80184],{},[15,80183,24888],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[51,80186,506],{"id":505},[20,80188,80189],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[56,80191,80193],{"className":58,"code":80192,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80194,80195,80215,80233,80237],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80196,80197,80199,80201,80203,80205,80207,80209,80211,80213],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80198,3768],{"class":71},[65,80200,76],{"class":75},[65,80202,3773],{"class":79},[65,80204,2476],{"class":96},[65,80206,100],{"class":79},[65,80208,7940],{"class":96},[65,80210,100],{"class":79},[65,80212,7945],{"class":96},[65,80214,3786],{"class":79},[65,80216,80217,80219,80221,80223,80225,80227,80229,80231],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,80218,401],{"class":71},[65,80220,76],{"class":75},[65,80222,79949],{"class":164},[65,80224,168],{"class":79},[65,80226,3591],{"class":1368},[65,80228,100],{"class":79},[65,80230,4419],{"class":147},[65,80232,174],{"class":79},[65,80234,80235],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,80236,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,80238,80239,80241,80243,80245,80247,80249],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,80240,165],{"class":164},[65,80242,168],{"class":79},[65,80244,8244],{"class":1368},[65,80246,168],{"class":79},[65,80248,425],{"class":147},[65,80250,1870],{"class":79},[20,80252,191],{},[56,80254,80256],{"className":58,"code":80255,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80257,80258],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80259,80260,80262,80264,80266,80268,80270,80272,80274,80276,80278,80280,80282,80284],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80261,4054],{"class":79},[65,80263,203],{"class":83},[65,80265,2476],{"class":87},[65,80267,203],{"class":83},[65,80269,100],{"class":79},[65,80271,233],{"class":83},[65,80273,15876],{"class":87},[65,80275,203],{"class":83},[65,80277,100],{"class":79},[65,80279,233],{"class":83},[65,80281,36757],{"class":87},[65,80283,203],{"class":83},[65,80285,3786],{"class":79},[20,80287,11820],{},[30,80289,80290,80295,80303,80311,80319],{},[33,80291,80292,80294],{},[15,80293,3800],{}," contains integers",[33,80296,80297,80300,80301],{},[15,80298,80299],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80302,47605],{},[33,80304,80305,42074,80308],{},[15,80306,80307],{},"str(10)",[15,80309,80310],{},"'10'",[33,80312,80313,42074,80316],{},[15,80314,80315],{},"str(20)",[15,80317,80318],{},"'20'",[33,80320,80321,42074,80324],{},[15,80322,80323],{},"str(30)",[15,80325,80326],{},"'30'",[20,80328,53577,80329,80331,80332,80334],{},[15,80330,39634],{}," applies ",[15,80333,47605],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80336,80337,80338,80340,80341,144],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80339,24888],{}," better, see ",[88,80342,3724,80343,3657],{"href":64774},[15,80344,24888],{},[51,80346,8569,80348,80350],{"id":80347},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80349,39634],{}," with your own function",[20,80352,15836,80353,80355],{},[15,80354,39634],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[56,80357,80359],{"className":58,"code":80358,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80360,80361,80374,80384,80388,80412,80431,80435],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80362,80363,80365,80368,80370,80372],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80364,34764],{"class":1696},[65,80366,80367],{"class":34767}," double",[65,80369,168],{"class":79},[65,80371,931],{"class":37579},[65,80373,8493],{"class":79},[65,80375,80376,80378,80380,80382],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,80377,34775],{"class":1405},[65,80379,4033],{"class":71},[65,80381,39790],{"class":75},[65,80383,45510],{"class":96},[65,80385,80386],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,80387,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,80389,80390,80392,80394,80396,80398,80400,80402,80404,80406,80408,80410],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,80391,3768],{"class":71},[65,80393,76],{"class":75},[65,80395,3773],{"class":79},[65,80397,3135],{"class":96},[65,80399,100],{"class":79},[65,80401,113],{"class":96},[65,80403,100],{"class":79},[65,80405,127],{"class":96},[65,80407,100],{"class":79},[65,80409,2602],{"class":96},[65,80411,3786],{"class":79},[65,80413,80414,80416,80418,80420,80422,80425,80427,80429],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,80415,401],{"class":71},[65,80417,76],{"class":75},[65,80419,79949],{"class":164},[65,80421,168],{"class":79},[65,80423,80424],{"class":147},"double",[65,80426,100],{"class":79},[65,80428,4419],{"class":147},[65,80430,174],{"class":79},[65,80432,80433],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,80434,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,80436,80437,80439,80441,80443,80445,80447],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,80438,165],{"class":164},[65,80440,168],{"class":79},[65,80442,8244],{"class":1368},[65,80444,168],{"class":79},[65,80446,425],{"class":147},[65,80448,1870],{"class":79},[20,80450,191],{},[56,80452,80453],{"className":58,"code":39803,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,80454,80455],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80456,80457,80459,80461,80463,80465,80467,80469,80471,80473],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80458,4054],{"class":79},[65,80460,2204],{"class":96},[65,80462,100],{"class":79},[65,80464,2602],{"class":96},[65,80466,100],{"class":79},[65,80468,37560],{"class":96},[65,80470,100],{"class":79},[65,80472,6513],{"class":96},[65,80474,3786],{"class":79},[20,80476,65511],{},[30,80478,80479,80486,80492],{},[33,80480,80481,80483,80484],{},[15,80482,39634],{}," takes the function ",[15,80485,80424],{},[33,80487,80488,80489,80491],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80490,3800],{}," into that function",[33,80493,80494],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80496,80497],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[30,80499,80500,80507,80514,80522],{},[33,80501,80502,6225,80505],{},[15,80503,80504],{},"double(1)",[15,80506,2204],{},[33,80508,80509,6225,80512],{},[15,80510,80511],{},"double(2)",[15,80513,2650],{},[33,80515,80516,6225,80519],{},[15,80517,80518],{},"double(3)",[15,80520,80521],{},"6",[33,80523,80524,6225,80527],{},[15,80525,80526],{},"double(4)",[15,80528,2491],{},[51,80530,8569,80532,80534],{"id":80531},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80533,39634],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80536,80537,80539],{},[15,80538,39634],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80541,80542],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80544,350],{},[56,80546,80548],{"className":58,"code":80547,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80549,80550,80567,80577,80581,80602,80623,80627,80652,80656],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80551,80552,80554,80557,80559,80561,80563,80565],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80553,34764],{"class":1696},[65,80555,80556],{"class":34767}," add_numbers",[65,80558,168],{"class":79},[65,80560,88],{"class":37579},[65,80562,100],{"class":79},[65,80564,2705],{"class":37579},[65,80566,8493],{"class":79},[65,80568,80569,80571,80573,80575],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,80570,34775],{"class":1405},[65,80572,44465],{"class":71},[65,80574,2207],{"class":75},[65,80576,36097],{"class":71},[65,80578,80579],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,80580,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,80582,80583,80586,80588,80590,80592,80594,80596,80598,80600],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,80584,80585],{"class":71},"list1 ",[65,80587,76],{"class":75},[65,80589,3773],{"class":79},[65,80591,3135],{"class":96},[65,80593,100],{"class":79},[65,80595,113],{"class":96},[65,80597,100],{"class":79},[65,80599,127],{"class":96},[65,80601,3786],{"class":79},[65,80603,80604,80607,80609,80611,80613,80615,80617,80619,80621],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,80605,80606],{"class":71},"list2 ",[65,80608,76],{"class":75},[65,80610,3773],{"class":79},[65,80612,2476],{"class":96},[65,80614,100],{"class":79},[65,80616,7940],{"class":96},[65,80618,100],{"class":79},[65,80620,7945],{"class":96},[65,80622,3786],{"class":79},[65,80624,80625],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,80626,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,80628,80629,80631,80633,80635,80637,80640,80642,80645,80647,80650],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,80630,401],{"class":71},[65,80632,76],{"class":75},[65,80634,79949],{"class":164},[65,80636,168],{"class":79},[65,80638,80639],{"class":147},"add_numbers",[65,80641,100],{"class":79},[65,80643,80644],{"class":147}," list1",[65,80646,100],{"class":79},[65,80648,80649],{"class":147}," list2",[65,80651,174],{"class":79},[65,80653,80654],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,80655,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,80657,80658,80660,80662,80664,80666,80668],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,80659,165],{"class":164},[65,80661,168],{"class":79},[65,80663,8244],{"class":1368},[65,80665,168],{"class":79},[65,80667,425],{"class":147},[65,80669,1870],{"class":79},[20,80671,191],{},[56,80673,80675],{"className":58,"code":80674,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80676,80677],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80678,80679,80681,80684,80686,80689,80691,80694],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80680,4054],{"class":79},[65,80682,80683],{"class":96},"11",[65,80685,100],{"class":79},[65,80687,80688],{"class":96}," 22",[65,80690,100],{"class":79},[65,80692,80693],{"class":96}," 33",[65,80695,3786],{"class":79},[20,80697,2325],{},[30,80699,80700,80706,80712],{},[33,80701,80702,80703],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80704,80705],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[33,80707,80708,80709],{},"then ",[15,80710,80711],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[33,80713,80708,80714],{},[15,80715,80716],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1059,80718,80720,80722],{"id":80719},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80721,39634],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80724,80725,80726,80728],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80727,39634],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[56,80730,80732],{"className":58,"code":80731,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80733,80734,80750,80760,80764,80788,80804,80808,80830,80834],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80735,80736,80738,80740,80742,80744,80746,80748],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80737,34764],{"class":1696},[65,80739,80556],{"class":34767},[65,80741,168],{"class":79},[65,80743,88],{"class":37579},[65,80745,100],{"class":79},[65,80747,2705],{"class":37579},[65,80749,8493],{"class":79},[65,80751,80752,80754,80756,80758],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,80753,34775],{"class":1405},[65,80755,44465],{"class":71},[65,80757,2207],{"class":75},[65,80759,36097],{"class":71},[65,80761,80762],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,80763,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,80765,80766,80768,80770,80772,80774,80776,80778,80780,80782,80784,80786],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,80767,80585],{"class":71},[65,80769,76],{"class":75},[65,80771,3773],{"class":79},[65,80773,3135],{"class":96},[65,80775,100],{"class":79},[65,80777,113],{"class":96},[65,80779,100],{"class":79},[65,80781,127],{"class":96},[65,80783,100],{"class":79},[65,80785,2602],{"class":96},[65,80787,3786],{"class":79},[65,80789,80790,80792,80794,80796,80798,80800,80802],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,80791,80606],{"class":71},[65,80793,76],{"class":75},[65,80795,3773],{"class":79},[65,80797,2476],{"class":96},[65,80799,100],{"class":79},[65,80801,7940],{"class":96},[65,80803,3786],{"class":79},[65,80805,80806],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,80807,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,80809,80810,80812,80814,80816,80818,80820,80822,80824,80826,80828],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,80811,401],{"class":71},[65,80813,76],{"class":75},[65,80815,79949],{"class":164},[65,80817,168],{"class":79},[65,80819,80639],{"class":147},[65,80821,100],{"class":79},[65,80823,80644],{"class":147},[65,80825,100],{"class":79},[65,80827,80649],{"class":147},[65,80829,174],{"class":79},[65,80831,80832],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,80833,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,80835,80836,80838,80840,80842,80844,80846],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,80837,165],{"class":164},[65,80839,168],{"class":79},[65,80841,8244],{"class":1368},[65,80843,168],{"class":79},[65,80845,425],{"class":147},[65,80847,1870],{"class":79},[20,80849,191],{},[56,80851,80853],{"className":58,"code":80852,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80854,80855],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80856,80857,80859,80861,80863,80865],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80858,4054],{"class":79},[65,80860,80683],{"class":96},[65,80862,100],{"class":79},[65,80864,80688],{"class":96},[65,80866,3786],{"class":79},[20,80868,80869,80870,80873],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80871,80872],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[51,80875,80877,80879],{"id":80876},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80878,39634],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80881,37940,80882,80884],{},[15,80883,39634],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80886,80887,80888,80891],{},"This object is ",[46,80889,80890],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1059,80893,2633,80895,80897],{"id":80894},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80896,32938],{}," looks strange",[20,80899,33554],{},[56,80901,80903],{"className":58,"code":80902,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80904,80905,80925,80943,80947],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80906,80907,80909,80911,80913,80915,80917,80919,80921,80923],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80908,3768],{"class":71},[65,80910,76],{"class":75},[65,80912,3773],{"class":79},[65,80914,3135],{"class":96},[65,80916,100],{"class":79},[65,80918,113],{"class":96},[65,80920,100],{"class":79},[65,80922,127],{"class":96},[65,80924,3786],{"class":79},[65,80926,80927,80929,80931,80933,80935,80937,80939,80941],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,80928,401],{"class":71},[65,80930,76],{"class":75},[65,80932,79949],{"class":164},[65,80934,168],{"class":79},[65,80936,3591],{"class":1368},[65,80938,100],{"class":79},[65,80940,4419],{"class":147},[65,80942,174],{"class":79},[65,80944,80945],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,80946,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,80948,80949,80951,80953,80955],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,80950,165],{"class":164},[65,80952,168],{"class":79},[65,80954,425],{"class":147},[65,80956,174],{"class":79},[20,80958,80959],{},"Output will look something like this:",[56,80961,80963],{"className":58,"code":80962,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80964,80965],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80966,80967,80969,80971,80973,80975,80977,80979],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80968,3439],{"class":75},[65,80970,39777],{"class":164},[65,80972,24724],{"class":1368},[65,80974,37280],{"class":71},[65,80976,37284],{"class":37283},[65,80978,37287],{"class":34365},[65,80980,3451],{"class":75},[20,80982,80983],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80985,80986],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[56,80988,80990],{"className":58,"code":80989,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80991,80992,81012,81030,81034],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,80993,80994,80996,80998,81000,81002,81004,81006,81008,81010],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,80995,3768],{"class":71},[65,80997,76],{"class":75},[65,80999,3773],{"class":79},[65,81001,3135],{"class":96},[65,81003,100],{"class":79},[65,81005,113],{"class":96},[65,81007,100],{"class":79},[65,81009,127],{"class":96},[65,81011,3786],{"class":79},[65,81013,81014,81016,81018,81020,81022,81024,81026,81028],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,81015,401],{"class":71},[65,81017,76],{"class":75},[65,81019,79949],{"class":164},[65,81021,168],{"class":79},[65,81023,3591],{"class":1368},[65,81025,100],{"class":79},[65,81027,4419],{"class":147},[65,81029,174],{"class":79},[65,81031,81032],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,81033,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,81035,81036,81038,81040,81042,81044,81046],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,81037,165],{"class":164},[65,81039,168],{"class":79},[65,81041,8244],{"class":1368},[65,81043,168],{"class":79},[65,81045,425],{"class":147},[65,81047,1870],{"class":79},[20,81049,191],{},[56,81051,81053],{"className":58,"code":81052,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81054,81055],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81056,81057,81059,81061,81063,81065,81067,81069,81071,81073,81075,81077,81079,81081],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81058,4054],{"class":79},[65,81060,203],{"class":83},[65,81062,3135],{"class":87},[65,81064,203],{"class":83},[65,81066,100],{"class":79},[65,81068,233],{"class":83},[65,81070,2204],{"class":87},[65,81072,203],{"class":83},[65,81074,100],{"class":79},[65,81076,233],{"class":83},[65,81078,2210],{"class":87},[65,81080,203],{"class":83},[65,81082,3786],{"class":79},[1059,81084,81086],{"id":81085},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[56,81088,81090],{"className":58,"code":81089,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81091,81092,81112,81130,81134,81147],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81093,81094,81096,81098,81100,81102,81104,81106,81108,81110],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81095,3768],{"class":71},[65,81097,76],{"class":75},[65,81099,3773],{"class":79},[65,81101,3135],{"class":96},[65,81103,100],{"class":79},[65,81105,113],{"class":96},[65,81107,100],{"class":79},[65,81109,127],{"class":96},[65,81111,3786],{"class":79},[65,81113,81114,81116,81118,81120,81122,81124,81126,81128],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,81115,401],{"class":71},[65,81117,76],{"class":75},[65,81119,79949],{"class":164},[65,81121,168],{"class":79},[65,81123,3591],{"class":1368},[65,81125,100],{"class":79},[65,81127,4419],{"class":147},[65,81129,174],{"class":79},[65,81131,81132],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,81133,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,81135,81136,81138,81140,81142,81145],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,81137,6110],{"class":1405},[65,81139,6113],{"class":71},[65,81141,4036],{"class":1405},[65,81143,81144],{"class":71}," result",[65,81146,1411],{"class":79},[65,81148,81149,81151,81153,81155],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,81150,1431],{"class":164},[65,81152,168],{"class":79},[65,81154,171],{"class":147},[65,81156,174],{"class":79},[20,81158,191],{},[56,81160,81162],{"className":58,"code":81161,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81163,81164,81168,81172],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81165,81166],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81167,46838],{"class":96},[65,81169,81170],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,81171,17177],{"class":96},[65,81173,81174],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,81175,46538],{"class":96},[1059,81177,81179],{"id":81178},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81181,81182],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[56,81184,81186],{"className":58,"code":81185,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81187,81188,81208,81226,81230,81244],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81189,81190,81192,81194,81196,81198,81200,81202,81204,81206],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81191,3768],{"class":71},[65,81193,76],{"class":75},[65,81195,3773],{"class":79},[65,81197,3135],{"class":96},[65,81199,100],{"class":79},[65,81201,113],{"class":96},[65,81203,100],{"class":79},[65,81205,127],{"class":96},[65,81207,3786],{"class":79},[65,81209,81210,81212,81214,81216,81218,81220,81222,81224],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,81211,401],{"class":71},[65,81213,76],{"class":75},[65,81215,79949],{"class":164},[65,81217,168],{"class":79},[65,81219,3591],{"class":1368},[65,81221,100],{"class":79},[65,81223,4419],{"class":147},[65,81225,174],{"class":79},[65,81227,81228],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,81229,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,81231,81232,81234,81236,81238,81240,81242],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,81233,165],{"class":164},[65,81235,168],{"class":79},[65,81237,8244],{"class":1368},[65,81239,168],{"class":79},[65,81241,425],{"class":147},[65,81243,1870],{"class":79},[65,81245,81246,81248,81250,81252,81254,81256],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,81247,165],{"class":164},[65,81249,168],{"class":79},[65,81251,8244],{"class":1368},[65,81253,168],{"class":79},[65,81255,425],{"class":147},[65,81257,1870],{"class":79},[20,81259,191],{},[56,81261,81263],{"className":58,"code":81262,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81264,81265,81293],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81266,81267,81269,81271,81273,81275,81277,81279,81281,81283,81285,81287,81289,81291],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81268,4054],{"class":79},[65,81270,203],{"class":83},[65,81272,3135],{"class":87},[65,81274,203],{"class":83},[65,81276,100],{"class":79},[65,81278,233],{"class":83},[65,81280,2204],{"class":87},[65,81282,203],{"class":83},[65,81284,100],{"class":79},[65,81286,233],{"class":83},[65,81288,2210],{"class":87},[65,81290,203],{"class":83},[65,81292,3786],{"class":79},[65,81294,81295],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,81296,38214],{"class":79},[20,81298,81299],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81301,81302],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[56,81304,81306],{"className":58,"code":81305,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81307,81308,81328,81350,81354,81364],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81309,81310,81312,81314,81316,81318,81320,81322,81324,81326],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81311,3768],{"class":71},[65,81313,76],{"class":75},[65,81315,3773],{"class":79},[65,81317,3135],{"class":96},[65,81319,100],{"class":79},[65,81321,113],{"class":96},[65,81323,100],{"class":79},[65,81325,127],{"class":96},[65,81327,3786],{"class":79},[65,81329,81330,81332,81334,81336,81338,81340,81342,81344,81346,81348],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,81331,401],{"class":71},[65,81333,76],{"class":75},[65,81335,22667],{"class":1368},[65,81337,168],{"class":79},[65,81339,39777],{"class":164},[65,81341,168],{"class":79},[65,81343,3591],{"class":1368},[65,81345,100],{"class":79},[65,81347,4419],{"class":147},[65,81349,1870],{"class":79},[65,81351,81352],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,81353,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,81355,81356,81358,81360,81362],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,81357,165],{"class":164},[65,81359,168],{"class":79},[65,81361,425],{"class":147},[65,81363,174],{"class":79},[65,81365,81366,81368,81370,81372],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,81367,165],{"class":164},[65,81369,168],{"class":79},[65,81371,425],{"class":147},[65,81373,174],{"class":79},[20,81375,191],{},[56,81377,81379],{"className":58,"code":81378,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81380,81381,81409],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81382,81383,81385,81387,81389,81391,81393,81395,81397,81399,81401,81403,81405,81407],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81384,4054],{"class":79},[65,81386,203],{"class":83},[65,81388,3135],{"class":87},[65,81390,203],{"class":83},[65,81392,100],{"class":79},[65,81394,233],{"class":83},[65,81396,2204],{"class":87},[65,81398,203],{"class":83},[65,81400,100],{"class":79},[65,81402,233],{"class":83},[65,81404,2210],{"class":87},[65,81406,203],{"class":83},[65,81408,3786],{"class":79},[65,81410,81411,81413,81415,81417,81419,81421,81423,81425,81427,81429,81431,81433,81435],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,81412,4054],{"class":79},[65,81414,203],{"class":83},[65,81416,3135],{"class":87},[65,81418,203],{"class":83},[65,81420,100],{"class":79},[65,81422,233],{"class":83},[65,81424,2204],{"class":87},[65,81426,203],{"class":83},[65,81428,100],{"class":79},[65,81430,233],{"class":83},[65,81432,2210],{"class":87},[65,81434,203],{"class":83},[65,81436,3786],{"class":79},[51,81438,1553,81440],{"id":81439},"when-to-use-map",[15,81441,39634],{},[20,81443,81444,81446],{},[15,81445,39634],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81448,81449],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[30,81451,81452,81456,81460],{},[33,81453,81454],{},[15,81455,3591],{},[33,81457,81458],{},[15,81459,2335],{},[33,81461,81462],{},[15,81463,2164],{},[20,81465,350],{},[56,81467,81469],{"className":58,"code":81468,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81470,81471,81503,81525,81529],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81472,81473,81475,81477,81479,81481,81483,81485,81487,81489,81491,81493,81495,81497,81499,81501],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81474,3975],{"class":71},[65,81476,76],{"class":75},[65,81478,3773],{"class":79},[65,81480,203],{"class":83},[65,81482,3135],{"class":87},[65,81484,203],{"class":83},[65,81486,100],{"class":79},[65,81488,233],{"class":83},[65,81490,2204],{"class":87},[65,81492,203],{"class":83},[65,81494,100],{"class":79},[65,81496,233],{"class":83},[65,81498,2210],{"class":87},[65,81500,203],{"class":83},[65,81502,3786],{"class":79},[65,81504,81505,81507,81509,81511,81513,81515,81517,81519,81521,81523],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,81506,3768],{"class":71},[65,81508,76],{"class":75},[65,81510,22667],{"class":1368},[65,81512,168],{"class":79},[65,81514,39777],{"class":164},[65,81516,168],{"class":79},[65,81518,2335],{"class":1368},[65,81520,100],{"class":79},[65,81522,4039],{"class":147},[65,81524,1870],{"class":79},[65,81526,81527],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,81528,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,81530,81531,81533,81535,81537],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,81532,165],{"class":164},[65,81534,168],{"class":79},[65,81536,3800],{"class":147},[65,81538,174],{"class":79},[20,81540,191],{},[56,81542,81543],{"className":58,"code":55074,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,81544,81545],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81546,81547,81549,81551,81553,81555,81557,81559],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81548,4054],{"class":79},[65,81550,3135],{"class":96},[65,81552,100],{"class":79},[65,81554,113],{"class":96},[65,81556,100],{"class":79},[65,81558,127],{"class":96},[65,81560,3786],{"class":79},[20,81562,81563],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81565,81566],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[56,81568,81570],{"className":58,"code":81569,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81571,81572,81592,81614],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81573,81574,81576,81578,81580,81582,81584,81586,81588,81590],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81575,3768],{"class":71},[65,81577,76],{"class":75},[65,81579,3773],{"class":79},[65,81581,3135],{"class":96},[65,81583,100],{"class":79},[65,81585,113],{"class":96},[65,81587,100],{"class":79},[65,81589,127],{"class":96},[65,81591,3786],{"class":79},[65,81593,81594,81596,81598,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608,81610,81612],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,81595,401],{"class":71},[65,81597,76],{"class":75},[65,81599,22667],{"class":1368},[65,81601,168],{"class":79},[65,81603,39777],{"class":164},[65,81605,168],{"class":79},[65,81607,3591],{"class":1368},[65,81609,100],{"class":79},[65,81611,4419],{"class":147},[65,81613,1870],{"class":79},[65,81615,81616,81618,81620,81622],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,81617,165],{"class":164},[65,81619,168],{"class":79},[65,81621,425],{"class":147},[65,81623,174],{"class":79},[56,81625,81627],{"className":58,"code":81626,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81628,81629,81649,81676],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81630,81631,81633,81635,81637,81639,81641,81643,81645,81647],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81632,3768],{"class":71},[65,81634,76],{"class":75},[65,81636,3773],{"class":79},[65,81638,3135],{"class":96},[65,81640,100],{"class":79},[65,81642,113],{"class":96},[65,81644,100],{"class":79},[65,81646,127],{"class":96},[65,81648,3786],{"class":79},[65,81650,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661,81663,81665,81667,81670,81672,81674],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,81652,401],{"class":71},[65,81654,76],{"class":75},[65,81656,3773],{"class":79},[65,81658,3591],{"class":1368},[65,81660,168],{"class":79},[65,81662,75957],{"class":147},[65,81664,3813],{"class":79},[65,81666,4030],{"class":1405},[65,81668,81669],{"class":71}," n ",[65,81671,4036],{"class":1405},[65,81673,4419],{"class":71},[65,81675,3786],{"class":79},[65,81677,81678,81680,81682,81684],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,81679,165],{"class":164},[65,81681,168],{"class":79},[65,81683,425],{"class":147},[65,81685,174],{"class":79},[20,81687,81688],{},"Both produce:",[56,81690,81691],{"className":58,"code":81052,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,81692,81693],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81694,81695,81697,81699,81701,81703,81705,81707,81709,81711,81713,81715,81717,81719],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81696,4054],{"class":79},[65,81698,203],{"class":83},[65,81700,3135],{"class":87},[65,81702,203],{"class":83},[65,81704,100],{"class":79},[65,81706,233],{"class":83},[65,81708,2204],{"class":87},[65,81710,203],{"class":83},[65,81712,100],{"class":79},[65,81714,233],{"class":83},[65,81716,2210],{"class":87},[65,81718,203],{"class":83},[65,81720,3786],{"class":79},[20,81722,81723],{},"A simple rule:",[30,81725,81726,81731,81736],{},[33,81727,39908,81728,81730],{},[15,81729,39634],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[33,81732,39914,81733,81735],{},[15,81734,6110],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[33,81737,81738],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81740,81741,81742,144],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[88,81743,4549],{"href":4548},[51,81745,4675],{"id":4674},[1059,81747,81749,81750],{"id":81748},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81751,24888],{},[20,81753,81754],{},"This is very common:",[56,81756,81757],{"className":58,"code":80902,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,81758,81759,81779,81797,81801],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81760,81761,81763,81765,81767,81769,81771,81773,81775,81777],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81762,3768],{"class":71},[65,81764,76],{"class":75},[65,81766,3773],{"class":79},[65,81768,3135],{"class":96},[65,81770,100],{"class":79},[65,81772,113],{"class":96},[65,81774,100],{"class":79},[65,81776,127],{"class":96},[65,81778,3786],{"class":79},[65,81780,81781,81783,81785,81787,81789,81791,81793,81795],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,81782,401],{"class":71},[65,81784,76],{"class":75},[65,81786,79949],{"class":164},[65,81788,168],{"class":79},[65,81790,3591],{"class":1368},[65,81792,100],{"class":79},[65,81794,4419],{"class":147},[65,81796,174],{"class":79},[65,81798,81799],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,81800,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,81802,81803,81805,81807,81809],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,81804,165],{"class":164},[65,81806,168],{"class":79},[65,81808,425],{"class":147},[65,81810,174],{"class":79},[20,81812,81813],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81815,39179],{},[56,81817,81819],{"className":58,"code":81818,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81820,81821],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81822,81823,81825,81827,81829,81831,81833],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81824,165],{"class":164},[65,81826,168],{"class":79},[65,81828,8244],{"class":1368},[65,81830,168],{"class":79},[65,81832,425],{"class":147},[65,81834,1870],{"class":79},[1059,81836,81838],{"id":81837},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81840,16764],{},[56,81842,81844],{"className":58,"code":81843,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81845,81846,81866],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81847,81848,81850,81852,81854,81856,81858,81860,81862,81864],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81849,3768],{"class":71},[65,81851,76],{"class":75},[65,81853,3773],{"class":79},[65,81855,3135],{"class":96},[65,81857,100],{"class":79},[65,81859,113],{"class":96},[65,81861,100],{"class":79},[65,81863,127],{"class":96},[65,81865,3786],{"class":79},[65,81867,81868,81870,81872,81874,81876,81878,81881,81883],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,81869,401],{"class":71},[65,81871,76],{"class":75},[65,81873,79949],{"class":164},[65,81875,168],{"class":79},[65,81877,3591],{"class":1368},[65,81879,81880],{"class":79},"(),",[65,81882,4419],{"class":147},[65,81884,174],{"class":79},[20,81886,81887,81888,81890,81891,81893],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81889,47605],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81892,39634],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81895,16776],{},[56,81897,81898],{"className":58,"code":80989,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,81899,81900,81920,81938,81942],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81901,81902,81904,81906,81908,81910,81912,81914,81916,81918],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81903,3768],{"class":71},[65,81905,76],{"class":75},[65,81907,3773],{"class":79},[65,81909,3135],{"class":96},[65,81911,100],{"class":79},[65,81913,113],{"class":96},[65,81915,100],{"class":79},[65,81917,127],{"class":96},[65,81919,3786],{"class":79},[65,81921,81922,81924,81926,81928,81930,81932,81934,81936],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,81923,401],{"class":71},[65,81925,76],{"class":75},[65,81927,79949],{"class":164},[65,81929,168],{"class":79},[65,81931,3591],{"class":1368},[65,81933,100],{"class":79},[65,81935,4419],{"class":147},[65,81937,174],{"class":79},[65,81939,81940],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,81941,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,81943,81944,81946,81948,81950,81952,81954],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,81945,165],{"class":164},[65,81947,168],{"class":79},[65,81949,8244],{"class":1368},[65,81951,168],{"class":79},[65,81953,425],{"class":147},[65,81955,1870],{"class":79},[1059,81957,81959],{"id":81958},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81961,81962],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81964,16764],{},[56,81966,81968],{"className":58,"code":81967,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81969,81970,81987,81997,82001,82021,82040,82044],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,81971,81972,81974,81977,81979,81981,81983,81985],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,81973,34764],{"class":1696},[65,81975,81976],{"class":34767}," add",[65,81978,168],{"class":79},[65,81980,88],{"class":37579},[65,81982,100],{"class":79},[65,81984,2705],{"class":37579},[65,81986,8493],{"class":79},[65,81988,81989,81991,81993,81995],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,81990,34775],{"class":1405},[65,81992,44465],{"class":71},[65,81994,2207],{"class":75},[65,81996,36097],{"class":71},[65,81998,81999],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,82000,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,82002,82003,82005,82007,82009,82011,82013,82015,82017,82019],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,82004,3768],{"class":71},[65,82006,76],{"class":75},[65,82008,3773],{"class":79},[65,82010,3135],{"class":96},[65,82012,100],{"class":79},[65,82014,113],{"class":96},[65,82016,100],{"class":79},[65,82018,127],{"class":96},[65,82020,3786],{"class":79},[65,82022,82023,82025,82027,82029,82031,82034,82036,82038],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,82024,401],{"class":71},[65,82026,76],{"class":75},[65,82028,79949],{"class":164},[65,82030,168],{"class":79},[65,82032,82033],{"class":147},"add",[65,82035,100],{"class":79},[65,82037,4419],{"class":147},[65,82039,174],{"class":79},[65,82041,82042],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,82043,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,82045,82046,82048,82050,82052,82054,82056],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,82047,165],{"class":164},[65,82049,168],{"class":79},[65,82051,8244],{"class":1368},[65,82053,168],{"class":79},[65,82055,425],{"class":147},[65,82057,1870],{"class":79},[20,82059,16776],{},[56,82061,82063],{"className":58,"code":82062,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82064,82065,82081,82091,82095,82115,82135,82157,82161],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82066,82067,82069,82071,82073,82075,82077,82079],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82068,34764],{"class":1696},[65,82070,81976],{"class":34767},[65,82072,168],{"class":79},[65,82074,88],{"class":37579},[65,82076,100],{"class":79},[65,82078,2705],{"class":37579},[65,82080,8493],{"class":79},[65,82082,82083,82085,82087,82089],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,82084,34775],{"class":1405},[65,82086,44465],{"class":71},[65,82088,2207],{"class":75},[65,82090,36097],{"class":71},[65,82092,82093],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,82094,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,82096,82097,82099,82101,82103,82105,82107,82109,82111,82113],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,82098,80585],{"class":71},[65,82100,76],{"class":75},[65,82102,3773],{"class":79},[65,82104,3135],{"class":96},[65,82106,100],{"class":79},[65,82108,113],{"class":96},[65,82110,100],{"class":79},[65,82112,127],{"class":96},[65,82114,3786],{"class":79},[65,82116,82117,82119,82121,82123,82125,82127,82129,82131,82133],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,82118,80606],{"class":71},[65,82120,76],{"class":75},[65,82122,3773],{"class":79},[65,82124,2476],{"class":96},[65,82126,100],{"class":79},[65,82128,7940],{"class":96},[65,82130,100],{"class":79},[65,82132,7945],{"class":96},[65,82134,3786],{"class":79},[65,82136,82137,82139,82141,82143,82145,82147,82149,82151,82153,82155],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,82138,401],{"class":71},[65,82140,76],{"class":75},[65,82142,79949],{"class":164},[65,82144,168],{"class":79},[65,82146,82033],{"class":147},[65,82148,100],{"class":79},[65,82150,80644],{"class":147},[65,82152,100],{"class":79},[65,82154,80649],{"class":147},[65,82156,174],{"class":79},[65,82158,82159],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,82160,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,82162,82163,82165,82167,82169,82171,82173],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,82164,165],{"class":164},[65,82166,168],{"class":79},[65,82168,8244],{"class":1368},[65,82170,168],{"class":79},[65,82172,425],{"class":147},[65,82174,1870],{"class":79},[1059,82176,82178],{"id":82177},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82180,16764],{},[56,82182,82183],{"className":58,"code":81185,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,82184,82185,82205,82223,82227,82241],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82186,82187,82189,82191,82193,82195,82197,82199,82201,82203],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82188,3768],{"class":71},[65,82190,76],{"class":75},[65,82192,3773],{"class":79},[65,82194,3135],{"class":96},[65,82196,100],{"class":79},[65,82198,113],{"class":96},[65,82200,100],{"class":79},[65,82202,127],{"class":96},[65,82204,3786],{"class":79},[65,82206,82207,82209,82211,82213,82215,82217,82219,82221],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,82208,401],{"class":71},[65,82210,76],{"class":75},[65,82212,79949],{"class":164},[65,82214,168],{"class":79},[65,82216,3591],{"class":1368},[65,82218,100],{"class":79},[65,82220,4419],{"class":147},[65,82222,174],{"class":79},[65,82224,82225],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,82226,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,82228,82229,82231,82233,82235,82237,82239],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,82230,165],{"class":164},[65,82232,168],{"class":79},[65,82234,8244],{"class":1368},[65,82236,168],{"class":79},[65,82238,425],{"class":147},[65,82240,1870],{"class":79},[65,82242,82243,82245,82247,82249,82251,82253],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,82244,165],{"class":164},[65,82246,168],{"class":79},[65,82248,8244],{"class":1368},[65,82250,168],{"class":79},[65,82252,425],{"class":147},[65,82254,1870],{"class":79},[20,82256,82257],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82259,82260],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[51,82262,67822],{"id":67821},[20,82264,9026,82265,82267],{},[15,82266,39634],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[56,82269,82271],{"className":58,"code":82270,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82272,82273,82283,82297,82311,82323],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82274,82275,82277,82279,82281],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82276,165],{"class":164},[65,82278,168],{"class":79},[65,82280,425],{"class":147},[65,82282,174],{"class":79},[65,82284,82285,82287,82289,82291,82293,82295],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,82286,165],{"class":164},[65,82288,168],{"class":79},[65,82290,8244],{"class":1368},[65,82292,168],{"class":79},[65,82294,425],{"class":147},[65,82296,1870],{"class":79},[65,82298,82299,82301,82303,82305,82307,82309],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,82300,165],{"class":164},[65,82302,168],{"class":79},[65,82304,3370],{"class":1368},[65,82306,168],{"class":79},[65,82308,425],{"class":147},[65,82310,1870],{"class":79},[65,82312,82313,82315,82317,82319,82321],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,82314,6110],{"class":1405},[65,82316,6113],{"class":71},[65,82318,4036],{"class":1405},[65,82320,81144],{"class":71},[65,82322,1411],{"class":79},[65,82324,82325,82327,82329,82331],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,82326,1431],{"class":164},[65,82328,168],{"class":79},[65,82330,171],{"class":147},[65,82332,174],{"class":79},[20,82334,12806],{},[30,82336,82337,82342,82347,82353],{},[33,82338,82339,82341],{},[15,82340,32938],{}," shows that you have a map object",[33,82343,82344,82346],{},[15,82345,32946],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[33,82348,82349,82352],{},[15,82350,82351],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[33,82354,82355,82356,82358],{},"looping over ",[15,82357,425],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82360,82361,82362,82365,82366,82368],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82363,82364],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82367,6110],{}," loop consume the map object.",[51,82370,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,82372,1966,82374,82376],{"id":82373},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82375,39634],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82378,82379,82380,82382,82383,24045],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82381,39634],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82384,82385],{},"list(map(...))",[1059,82387,15029,82389,82391,82392,82394],{"id":82388},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82390,39634],{}," better than a ",[15,82393,6110],{}," loop?",[20,82396,82397,82398,82400,82401,82403],{},"Not always. ",[15,82399,39634],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82402,6110],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1059,82405,5320,82407,82409],{"id":82406},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82408,39634],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82411,82412],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1059,82414,82416],{"id":82415},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82418,82419],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[51,82421,2015],{"id":2014},[30,82423,82424,82430,82436,82440,82444],{},[33,82425,82426],{},[88,82427,3724,82428,3657],{"href":40003},[15,82429,37492],{},[33,82431,82432],{},[88,82433,3724,82434,3657],{"href":64774},[15,82435,24888],{},[33,82437,82438],{},[88,82439,5372],{"href":5283},[33,82441,82442],{},[88,82443,5377],{"href":4548},[33,82445,82446],{},[88,82447,5367],{"href":5287},[2071,82449,82450],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":82452},[82453,82454,82456,82457,82458,82460,82465,82472,82474,82481,82482,82491],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":80028,"depth":133,"text":82455},"What map() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506},{"id":80347,"depth":133,"text":82459},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80531,"depth":133,"text":82461,"children":82462},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82463],{"id":80719,"depth":154,"text":82464},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80876,"depth":133,"text":82466,"children":82467},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82468,82470,82471],{"id":80894,"depth":154,"text":82469},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81085,"depth":154,"text":81086},{"id":81178,"depth":154,"text":81179},{"id":81439,"depth":133,"text":82473},"When to use map()",{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675,"children":82475},[82476,82478,82479,82480],{"id":81748,"depth":154,"text":82477},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81837,"depth":154,"text":81838},{"id":81958,"depth":154,"text":81959},{"id":82177,"depth":154,"text":82178},{"id":67821,"depth":133,"text":67822},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":82483},[82484,82486,82488,82490],{"id":82373,"depth":154,"text":82485},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82388,"depth":154,"text":82487},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82406,"depth":154,"text":82489},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82415,"depth":154,"text":82416},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79860,"description":82492},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82499,"title":82500,"body":82501,"description":84521,"extension":2111,"meta":84522,"navigation":157,"path":84523,"seo":84524,"stem":84525,"__hash__":84526},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82502,"toc":84479},[82503,82509,82514,82517,82525,82528,82530,82654,82656,82674,82676,82696,82701,82705,82719,82722,82725,82727,82732,82844,82847,82865,82871,82874,82936,82938,82947,82950,82964,82966,83014,83016,83025,83035,83041,83044,83071,83073,83081,83084,83087,83157,83159,83167,83170,83175,83180,83231,83233,83241,83244,83246,83263,83265,83317,83320,83326,83330,83335,83338,83342,83401,83403,83412,83418,83427,83431,83494,83496,83504,83509,83513,83518,83598,83600,83609,83616,83621,83626,83629,83664,83666,83674,83677,83683,83685,83735,83737,83746,83749,83767,83769,83774,83780,83787,83814,83816,83839,83844,83879,83884,83890,83895,83938,83941,83944,83983,83990,83996,84001,84016,84020,84027,84030,84034,84039,84043,84048,84050,84111,84113,84142,84147,84154,84163,84165,84168,84193,84195,84298,84301,84319,84328,84330,84335,84338,84344,84347,84349,84359,84365,84369,84427,84434,84442,84444,84476],[10,82504,3724,82506,3728],{"id":82505},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82507,82508],{},"max()",[20,82510,9274,82511,82513],{},[15,82512,82508],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82515,82516],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[30,82518,82519,82522],{},[33,82520,82521],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[33,82523,82524],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82526,82527],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[51,82529,54],{"id":53},[56,82531,82533],{"className":58,"code":82532,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82534,82535,82559,82574,82578,82604,82608,82640],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82536,82537,82539,82541,82543,82545,82547,82549,82551,82553,82555,82557],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82538,3768],{"class":71},[65,82540,76],{"class":75},[65,82542,3773],{"class":79},[65,82544,2210],{"class":96},[65,82546,100],{"class":79},[65,82548,6513],{"class":96},[65,82550,100],{"class":79},[65,82552,113],{"class":96},[65,82554,100],{"class":79},[65,82556,4762],{"class":96},[65,82558,3786],{"class":79},[65,82560,82561,82563,82565,82568,82570,82572],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,82562,165],{"class":164},[65,82564,168],{"class":79},[65,82566,82567],{"class":164},"max",[65,82569,168],{"class":79},[65,82571,3800],{"class":147},[65,82573,1870],{"class":79},[65,82575,82576],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,82577,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,82579,82580,82582,82584,82586,82588,82590,82592,82594,82596,82598,82600,82602],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,82581,165],{"class":164},[65,82583,168],{"class":79},[65,82585,82567],{"class":164},[65,82587,168],{"class":79},[65,82589,2210],{"class":96},[65,82591,100],{"class":79},[65,82593,6513],{"class":96},[65,82595,100],{"class":79},[65,82597,113],{"class":96},[65,82599,100],{"class":79},[65,82601,4762],{"class":96},[65,82603,1870],{"class":79},[65,82605,82606],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,82607,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,82609,82610,82612,82614,82616,82618,82620,82622,82624,82626,82628,82630,82632,82634,82636,82638],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,82611,4225],{"class":71},[65,82613,76],{"class":75},[65,82615,3773],{"class":79},[65,82617,84],{"class":83},[65,82619,4234],{"class":87},[65,82621,84],{"class":83},[65,82623,100],{"class":79},[65,82625,103],{"class":83},[65,82627,4243],{"class":87},[65,82629,84],{"class":83},[65,82631,100],{"class":79},[65,82633,103],{"class":83},[65,82635,78671],{"class":87},[65,82637,84],{"class":83},[65,82639,3786],{"class":79},[65,82641,82642,82644,82646,82648,82650,82652],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,82643,165],{"class":164},[65,82645,168],{"class":79},[65,82647,82567],{"class":164},[65,82649,168],{"class":79},[65,82651,4269],{"class":147},[65,82653,1870],{"class":79},[20,82655,191],{},[56,82657,82659],{"className":58,"code":82658,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82660,82661,82665,82669],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82662,82663],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82664,2527],{"class":96},[65,82666,82667],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,82668,2527],{"class":96},[65,82670,82671],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,82672,82673],{"class":71},"pear\n",[20,82675,20072],{},[30,82677,82678,82684,82690],{},[33,82679,82680,82683],{},[15,82681,82682],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[33,82685,82686,82689],{},[15,82687,82688],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[33,82691,82692,82695],{},[15,82693,82694],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[51,82697,252,82699,255],{"id":82698},"what-max-does",[15,82700,82508],{},[20,82702,82703,93],{},[15,82704,82508],{},[30,82706,82707,82710,82713,82716],{},[33,82708,82709],{},"Returns the largest item",[33,82711,82712],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[33,82714,82715],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[33,82717,82718],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82720,82721],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82723,82724],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[51,82726,283],{"id":282},[20,82728,82729,82730,93],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82731,82508],{},[56,82733,82735],{"className":58,"code":82734,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82736,82737,82747,82771,82793,82816],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82738,82739,82741,82743,82745],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82740,82567],{"class":164},[65,82742,168],{"class":79},[65,82744,3872],{"class":147},[65,82746,174],{"class":79},[65,82748,82749,82751,82753,82755,82757,82760,82762,82764,82766,82769],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,82750,82567],{"class":164},[65,82752,168],{"class":79},[65,82754,3872],{"class":147},[65,82756,100],{"class":79},[65,82758,82759],{"class":75}," *",[65,82761,100],{"class":79},[65,82763,801],{"class":9326},[65,82765,76],{"class":75},[65,82767,82768],{"class":147},"func",[65,82770,174],{"class":79},[65,82772,82773,82775,82777,82779,82781,82783,82785,82787,82789,82791],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,82774,82567],{"class":164},[65,82776,168],{"class":79},[65,82778,3872],{"class":147},[65,82780,100],{"class":79},[65,82782,82759],{"class":75},[65,82784,100],{"class":79},[65,82786,26629],{"class":9326},[65,82788,76],{"class":75},[65,82790,1714],{"class":147},[65,82792,174],{"class":79},[65,82794,82795,82797,82799,82802,82804,82807,82809,82811,82814],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,82796,82567],{"class":164},[65,82798,168],{"class":79},[65,82800,82801],{"class":147},"arg1",[65,82803,100],{"class":79},[65,82805,82806],{"class":147}," arg2",[65,82808,100],{"class":79},[65,82810,82759],{"class":75},[65,82812,82813],{"class":147},"args",[65,82815,174],{"class":79},[65,82817,82818,82820,82822,82824,82826,82828,82830,82832,82834,82836,82838,82840,82842],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,82819,82567],{"class":164},[65,82821,168],{"class":79},[65,82823,82801],{"class":147},[65,82825,100],{"class":79},[65,82827,82806],{"class":147},[65,82829,100],{"class":79},[65,82831,82759],{"class":75},[65,82833,82813],{"class":147},[65,82835,100],{"class":79},[65,82837,801],{"class":9326},[65,82839,76],{"class":75},[65,82841,82768],{"class":147},[65,82843,174],{"class":79},[20,82845,82846],{},"The most important parts are:",[30,82848,82849,82854,82859],{},[33,82850,82851,82853],{},[15,82852,3872],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[33,82855,82856,82858],{},[15,82857,487],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[33,82860,82861,82864],{},[15,82862,82863],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[51,82866,8569,82868,82870],{"id":82867},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82869,82508],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82872,82873],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[56,82875,82877],{"className":58,"code":82876,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82878,82879,82905,82921,82925],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82880,82881,82883,82885,82887,82890,82892,82894,82896,82898,82900,82903],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82882,519],{"class":71},[65,82884,76],{"class":75},[65,82886,3773],{"class":79},[65,82888,82889],{"class":96},"72",[65,82891,100],{"class":79},[65,82893,51433],{"class":96},[65,82895,100],{"class":79},[65,82897,13636],{"class":96},[65,82899,100],{"class":79},[65,82901,82902],{"class":96}," 66",[65,82904,3786],{"class":79},[65,82906,82907,82910,82912,82915,82917,82919],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,82908,82909],{"class":71},"highest_score ",[65,82911,76],{"class":75},[65,82913,82914],{"class":164}," max",[65,82916,168],{"class":79},[65,82918,16511],{"class":147},[65,82920,174],{"class":79},[65,82922,82923],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,82924,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,82926,82927,82929,82931,82934],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,82928,165],{"class":164},[65,82930,168],{"class":79},[65,82932,82933],{"class":147},"highest_score",[65,82935,174],{"class":79},[20,82937,191],{},[56,82939,82941],{"className":58,"code":82940,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"91\n",[15,82942,82943],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82944,82945],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82946,82940],{"class":96},[20,82948,82949],{},"This works well for:",[30,82951,82952,82955,82958,82961],{},[33,82953,82954],{},"Scores",[33,82956,82957],{},"Prices",[33,82959,82960],{},"Ages",[33,82962,82963],{},"Counts",[20,82965,52003],{},[56,82967,82969],{"className":58,"code":82968,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82970,82971,82999],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,82972,82973,82976,82978,82980,82982,82984,82987,82989,82992,82994,82997],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,82974,82975],{"class":71},"prices ",[65,82977,76],{"class":75},[65,82979,3773],{"class":79},[65,82981,40316],{"class":96},[65,82983,100],{"class":79},[65,82985,82986],{"class":96}," 5.50",[65,82988,100],{"class":79},[65,82990,82991],{"class":96}," 12.75",[65,82993,100],{"class":79},[65,82995,82996],{"class":96}," 29.00",[65,82998,3786],{"class":79},[65,83000,83001,83003,83005,83007,83009,83012],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,83002,165],{"class":164},[65,83004,168],{"class":79},[65,83006,82567],{"class":164},[65,83008,168],{"class":79},[65,83010,83011],{"class":147},"prices",[65,83013,1870],{"class":79},[20,83015,191],{},[56,83017,83019],{"className":58,"code":83018,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"29.0\n",[15,83020,83021],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83022,83023],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83024,83018],{"class":96},[20,83026,83027,83028,83030,83031,144],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83029,82508],{}," is simpler than ",[88,83032,83033],{"href":74448},[15,83034,74351],{},[51,83036,8569,83038,83040],{"id":83037},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83039,82508],{}," with separate values",[20,83042,83043],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[56,83045,83047],{"className":58,"code":83046,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83048,83049],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83050,83051,83053,83055,83057,83059,83061,83063,83065,83067,83069],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83052,165],{"class":164},[65,83054,168],{"class":79},[65,83056,82567],{"class":164},[65,83058,168],{"class":79},[65,83060,2650],{"class":96},[65,83062,100],{"class":79},[65,83064,30853],{"class":96},[65,83066,100],{"class":79},[65,83068,6146],{"class":96},[65,83070,1870],{"class":79},[20,83072,191],{},[56,83074,83075],{"className":58,"code":2371,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,83076,83077],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83078,83079],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83080,2371],{"class":96},[20,83082,83083],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83085,83086],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[56,83088,83090],{"className":58,"code":83089,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83091,83092,83101,83109,83119,83123,83146],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83093,83094,83096,83098],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83095,2700],{"class":71},[65,83097,76],{"class":75},[65,83099,83100],{"class":96}," 15\n",[65,83102,83103,83105,83107],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,83104,2728],{"class":71},[65,83106,76],{"class":75},[65,83108,2915],{"class":96},[65,83110,83111,83114,83116],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,83112,83113],{"class":71},"c ",[65,83115,76],{"class":75},[65,83117,83118],{"class":96}," 27\n",[65,83120,83121],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,83122,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,83124,83125,83128,83130,83132,83134,83136,83138,83140,83142,83144],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,83126,83127],{"class":71},"largest ",[65,83129,76],{"class":75},[65,83131,82914],{"class":164},[65,83133,168],{"class":79},[65,83135,88],{"class":147},[65,83137,100],{"class":79},[65,83139,2705],{"class":147},[65,83141,100],{"class":79},[65,83143,9827],{"class":147},[65,83145,174],{"class":79},[65,83147,83148,83150,83152,83155],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,83149,165],{"class":164},[65,83151,168],{"class":79},[65,83153,83154],{"class":147},"largest",[65,83156,174],{"class":79},[20,83158,191],{},[56,83160,83161],{"className":58,"code":46533,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,83162,83163],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83164,83165],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83166,46533],{"class":96},[20,83168,83169],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[51,83171,8569,83173,46980],{"id":83172},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83174,82508],{},[20,83176,83177,83179],{},[15,83178,82508],{}," can compare strings too.",[56,83181,83183],{"className":58,"code":83182,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83184,83185,83217],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83186,83187,83189,83191,83193,83195,83197,83199,83201,83203,83205,83207,83209,83211,83213,83215],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83188,4225],{"class":71},[65,83190,76],{"class":75},[65,83192,3773],{"class":79},[65,83194,84],{"class":83},[65,83196,4234],{"class":87},[65,83198,84],{"class":83},[65,83200,100],{"class":79},[65,83202,103],{"class":83},[65,83204,4243],{"class":87},[65,83206,84],{"class":83},[65,83208,100],{"class":79},[65,83210,103],{"class":83},[65,83212,78671],{"class":87},[65,83214,84],{"class":83},[65,83216,3786],{"class":79},[65,83218,83219,83221,83223,83225,83227,83229],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,83220,165],{"class":164},[65,83222,168],{"class":79},[65,83224,82567],{"class":164},[65,83226,168],{"class":79},[65,83228,4269],{"class":147},[65,83230,1870],{"class":79},[20,83232,191],{},[56,83234,83235],{"className":58,"code":82673,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,83236,83237],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83238,83239],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83240,82673],{"class":71},[20,83242,83243],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83245,68210],{},[30,83247,83248,83257,83260],{},[33,83249,83250,83253,83254,83256],{},[15,83251,83252],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83255,65201],{}," alphabetically",[33,83258,83259],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[33,83261,83262],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83264,350],{},[56,83266,83268],{"className":58,"code":83267,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83269,83270,83303],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83271,83272,83274,83276,83278,83280,83282,83284,83286,83288,83291,83293,83295,83297,83299,83301],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83273,4225],{"class":71},[65,83275,76],{"class":75},[65,83277,3773],{"class":79},[65,83279,84],{"class":83},[65,83281,4234],{"class":87},[65,83283,84],{"class":83},[65,83285,100],{"class":79},[65,83287,103],{"class":83},[65,83289,83290],{"class":87},"Banana",[65,83292,84],{"class":83},[65,83294,100],{"class":79},[65,83296,103],{"class":83},[65,83298,78671],{"class":87},[65,83300,84],{"class":83},[65,83302,3786],{"class":79},[65,83304,83305,83307,83309,83311,83313,83315],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,83306,165],{"class":164},[65,83308,168],{"class":79},[65,83310,82567],{"class":164},[65,83312,168],{"class":79},[65,83314,4269],{"class":147},[65,83316,1870],{"class":79},[20,83318,83319],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83321,83322,83323,83325],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83324,487],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[51,83327,36528,83328,36531],{"id":78629},[15,83329,487],{},[20,83331,22,83332,83334],{},[15,83333,487],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83336,83337],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1059,83339,83341],{"id":83340},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[56,83343,83345],{"className":58,"code":83344,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83346,83347,83379],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83348,83349,83351,83353,83355,83357,83359,83361,83363,83365,83367,83369,83371,83373,83375,83377],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83350,4225],{"class":71},[65,83352,76],{"class":75},[65,83354,3773],{"class":79},[65,83356,84],{"class":83},[65,83358,36963],{"class":87},[65,83360,84],{"class":83},[65,83362,100],{"class":79},[65,83364,103],{"class":83},[65,83366,68253],{"class":87},[65,83368,84],{"class":83},[65,83370,100],{"class":79},[65,83372,103],{"class":83},[65,83374,58052],{"class":87},[65,83376,84],{"class":83},[65,83378,3786],{"class":79},[65,83380,83381,83383,83385,83387,83389,83391,83393,83395,83397,83399],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,83382,165],{"class":164},[65,83384,168],{"class":79},[65,83386,82567],{"class":164},[65,83388,168],{"class":79},[65,83390,4269],{"class":147},[65,83392,100],{"class":79},[65,83394,801],{"class":9326},[65,83396,76],{"class":75},[65,83398,1863],{"class":164},[65,83400,1870],{"class":79},[20,83402,191],{},[56,83404,83406],{"className":58,"code":83405,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"elephant\n",[15,83407,83408],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83409,83410],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83411,83405],{"class":71},[20,83413,20886,83414,83417],{},[15,83415,83416],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83419,83420,83421,33540,83423,144],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83422,42280],{},[88,83424,83425,5935],{"href":42277},[15,83426,42280],{},[1059,83428,83430],{"id":83429},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[56,83432,83434],{"className":58,"code":83433,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83435,83436,83468],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83437,83438,83440,83442,83444,83446,83448,83450,83452,83454,83456,83458,83460,83462,83464,83466],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83439,4225],{"class":71},[65,83441,76],{"class":75},[65,83443,3773],{"class":79},[65,83445,84],{"class":83},[65,83447,4234],{"class":87},[65,83449,84],{"class":83},[65,83451,100],{"class":79},[65,83453,103],{"class":83},[65,83455,83290],{"class":87},[65,83457,84],{"class":83},[65,83459,100],{"class":79},[65,83461,103],{"class":83},[65,83463,78671],{"class":87},[65,83465,84],{"class":83},[65,83467,3786],{"class":79},[65,83469,83470,83472,83474,83476,83478,83480,83482,83484,83486,83488,83490,83492],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,83471,165],{"class":164},[65,83473,168],{"class":79},[65,83475,82567],{"class":164},[65,83477,168],{"class":79},[65,83479,4269],{"class":147},[65,83481,100],{"class":79},[65,83483,801],{"class":9326},[65,83485,76],{"class":75},[65,83487,3591],{"class":1368},[65,83489,144],{"class":79},[65,83491,8791],{"class":24857},[65,83493,1870],{"class":79},[20,83495,191],{},[56,83497,83498],{"className":58,"code":82673,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,83499,83500],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83501,83502],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83503,82673],{"class":71},[20,83505,20886,83506,83508],{},[15,83507,78625],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1059,83510,83512],{"id":83511},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83514,83515,83516,93],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83517,37576],{},[56,83519,83521],{"className":58,"code":83520,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83522,83523,83566],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83524,83525,83527,83529,83531,83533,83535,83537,83539,83541,83544,83546,83548,83550,83553,83555,83557,83559,83562,83564],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83526,7929],{"class":71},[65,83528,76],{"class":75},[65,83530,3773],{"class":79},[65,83532,84],{"class":83},[65,83534,88],{"class":87},[65,83536,84],{"class":83},[65,83538,100],{"class":79},[65,83540,103],{"class":83},[65,83542,83543],{"class":87},"bb",[65,83545,84],{"class":83},[65,83547,100],{"class":79},[65,83549,103],{"class":83},[65,83551,83552],{"class":87},"cccc",[65,83554,84],{"class":83},[65,83556,100],{"class":79},[65,83558,103],{"class":83},[65,83560,83561],{"class":87},"ddd",[65,83563,84],{"class":83},[65,83565,3786],{"class":79},[65,83567,83568,83570,83572,83574,83576,83578,83580,83582,83584,83586,83588,83590,83592,83594,83596],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,83569,165],{"class":164},[65,83571,168],{"class":79},[65,83573,82567],{"class":164},[65,83575,168],{"class":79},[65,83577,7960],{"class":147},[65,83579,100],{"class":79},[65,83581,801],{"class":9326},[65,83583,76],{"class":75},[65,83585,37576],{"class":1696},[65,83587,42761],{"class":37579},[65,83589,93],{"class":79},[65,83591,38303],{"class":164},[65,83593,168],{"class":79},[65,83595,34621],{"class":147},[65,83597,3058],{"class":79},[20,83599,191],{},[56,83601,83603],{"className":58,"code":83602,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"cccc\n",[15,83604,83605],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83606,83607],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83608,83602],{"class":71},[20,83610,49472,83611,1048,83613,83615],{},[15,83612,83416],{},[15,83614,78512],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[51,83617,36528,83619,36531],{"id":83618},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83620,82863],{},[20,83622,22,83623,83625],{},[15,83624,82863],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83627,83628],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[56,83630,83632],{"className":58,"code":83631,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83633,83634,83642],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83635,83636,83638,83640],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83637,3768],{"class":71},[65,83639,76],{"class":75},[65,83641,7989],{"class":79},[65,83643,83644,83646,83648,83650,83652,83654,83656,83658,83660,83662],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,83645,165],{"class":164},[65,83647,168],{"class":79},[65,83649,82567],{"class":164},[65,83651,168],{"class":79},[65,83653,3800],{"class":147},[65,83655,100],{"class":79},[65,83657,26629],{"class":9326},[65,83659,76],{"class":75},[65,83661,2267],{"class":96},[65,83663,1870],{"class":79},[20,83665,191],{},[56,83667,83668],{"className":58,"code":47173,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,83669,83670],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83671,83672],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83673,47173],{"class":96},[20,83675,83676],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83678,83679,83680,83682],{},"Without ",[15,83681,82863],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83684,52003],{},[56,83686,83688],{"className":58,"code":83687,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83689,83690,83698,83725],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83691,83692,83694,83696],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83693,4225],{"class":71},[65,83695,76],{"class":75},[65,83697,7989],{"class":79},[65,83699,83700,83702,83704,83706,83708,83710,83712,83714,83716,83718,83721,83723],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,83701,401],{"class":71},[65,83703,76],{"class":75},[65,83705,82914],{"class":164},[65,83707,168],{"class":79},[65,83709,4269],{"class":147},[65,83711,100],{"class":79},[65,83713,26629],{"class":9326},[65,83715,76],{"class":75},[65,83717,84],{"class":83},[65,83719,83720],{"class":87},"no words found",[65,83722,84],{"class":83},[65,83724,174],{"class":79},[65,83726,83727,83729,83731,83733],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,83728,165],{"class":164},[65,83730,168],{"class":79},[65,83732,425],{"class":147},[65,83734,174],{"class":79},[20,83736,191],{},[56,83738,83740],{"className":58,"code":83739,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"no words found\n",[15,83741,83742],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83743,83744],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83745,83739],{"class":71},[20,83747,83748],{},"Important:",[30,83750,83751,83759],{},[33,83752,83753,83755,83756],{},[15,83754,82863],{}," works with ",[15,83757,83758],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[33,83760,40824,83761,83763,83764],{},[46,83762,1014],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83765,83766],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[51,83768,47908],{"id":47907},[20,83770,83771,83772,144],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83773,82508],{},[1059,83775,83777,83779],{"id":83776},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83778,40622],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83781,83782,83783,45829,83785,144],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83784,82863],{},[15,83786,40622],{},[56,83788,83790],{"className":58,"code":83789,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83791,83792,83800],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83793,83794,83796,83798],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83795,3768],{"class":71},[65,83797,76],{"class":75},[65,83799,7989],{"class":79},[65,83801,83802,83804,83806,83808,83810,83812],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,83803,165],{"class":164},[65,83805,168],{"class":79},[65,83807,82567],{"class":164},[65,83809,168],{"class":79},[65,83811,3800],{"class":147},[65,83813,1870],{"class":79},[20,83815,1358],{},[56,83817,83819],{"className":58,"code":83818,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83820,83821],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83822,83823,83825,83827,83829,83831,83834,83836],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83824,40622],{"class":1368},[65,83826,93],{"class":79},[65,83828,82914],{"class":164},[65,83830,7515],{"class":79},[65,83832,83833],{"class":71}," arg ",[65,83835,12329],{"class":75},[65,83837,83838],{"class":71}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83840,83841,83842,93],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83843,82863],{},[56,83845,83847],{"className":58,"code":83846,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83848,83849,83857],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83850,83851,83853,83855],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83852,3768],{"class":71},[65,83854,76],{"class":75},[65,83856,7989],{"class":79},[65,83858,83859,83861,83863,83865,83867,83869,83871,83873,83875,83877],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,83860,165],{"class":164},[65,83862,168],{"class":79},[65,83864,82567],{"class":164},[65,83866,168],{"class":79},[65,83868,3800],{"class":147},[65,83870,100],{"class":79},[65,83872,26629],{"class":9326},[65,83874,76],{"class":75},[65,83876,3930],{"class":4005},[65,83878,1870],{"class":79},[20,83880,83881,83882,144],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[88,83883,65766],{"href":72805},[1059,83885,83887,83889],{"id":83886},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83888,3152],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83891,83892,83893,144],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83894,3152],{},[56,83896,83898],{"className":58,"code":83897,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83899,83900,83924],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83901,83902,83904,83906,83908,83910,83912,83914,83916,83918,83920,83922],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83903,7929],{"class":71},[65,83905,76],{"class":75},[65,83907,3773],{"class":79},[65,83909,2476],{"class":96},[65,83911,100],{"class":79},[65,83913,103],{"class":83},[65,83915,15876],{"class":87},[65,83917,84],{"class":83},[65,83919,100],{"class":79},[65,83921,7945],{"class":96},[65,83923,3786],{"class":79},[65,83925,83926,83928,83930,83932,83934,83936],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,83927,165],{"class":164},[65,83929,168],{"class":79},[65,83931,82567],{"class":164},[65,83933,168],{"class":79},[65,83935,7960],{"class":147},[65,83937,1870],{"class":79},[20,83939,83940],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83942,83943],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[56,83945,83947],{"className":58,"code":83946,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83948,83949,83969],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,83950,83951,83953,83955,83957,83959,83961,83963,83965,83967],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,83952,7929],{"class":71},[65,83954,76],{"class":75},[65,83956,3773],{"class":79},[65,83958,2476],{"class":96},[65,83960,100],{"class":79},[65,83962,7940],{"class":96},[65,83964,100],{"class":79},[65,83966,7945],{"class":96},[65,83968,3786],{"class":79},[65,83970,83971,83973,83975,83977,83979,83981],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,83972,165],{"class":164},[65,83974,168],{"class":79},[65,83976,82567],{"class":164},[65,83978,168],{"class":79},[65,83980,7960],{"class":147},[65,83982,1870],{"class":79},[20,83984,83985,83986,144],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[88,83987,83989],{"href":83988},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1059,83991,83993,83995],{"id":83992},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83994,3152],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83997,83998,84000],{},[15,83999,82508],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[56,84002,84004],{"className":58,"code":84003,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(max())\n",[15,84005,84006],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84007,84008,84010,84012,84014],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84009,165],{"class":164},[65,84011,168],{"class":79},[65,84013,82567],{"class":164},[65,84015,980],{"class":79},[20,84017,3149,84018,144],{},[15,84019,3152],{},[51,84021,84023,10729,84025],{"id":84022},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84024,82508],{},[15,84026,74351],{},[20,84028,84029],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84031,84032,93],{},[15,84033,82508],{},[30,84035,84036],{},[33,84037,84038],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84040,84041,93],{},[15,84042,74351],{},[30,84044,84045],{},[33,84046,84047],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84049,350],{},[56,84051,84053],{"className":58,"code":84052,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84054,84055,84079,84083,84097],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84056,84057,84059,84061,84063,84065,84067,84069,84071,84073,84075,84077],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84058,3768],{"class":71},[65,84060,76],{"class":75},[65,84062,3773],{"class":79},[65,84064,2210],{"class":96},[65,84066,100],{"class":79},[65,84068,6513],{"class":96},[65,84070,100],{"class":79},[65,84072,113],{"class":96},[65,84074,100],{"class":79},[65,84076,4762],{"class":96},[65,84078,3786],{"class":79},[65,84080,84081],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,84082,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,84084,84085,84087,84089,84091,84093,84095],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,84086,165],{"class":164},[65,84088,168],{"class":79},[65,84090,82567],{"class":164},[65,84092,168],{"class":79},[65,84094,3800],{"class":147},[65,84096,1870],{"class":79},[65,84098,84099,84101,84103,84105,84107,84109],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,84100,165],{"class":164},[65,84102,168],{"class":79},[65,84104,74441],{"class":164},[65,84106,168],{"class":79},[65,84108,3800],{"class":147},[65,84110,1870],{"class":79},[20,84112,191],{},[56,84114,84116],{"className":58,"code":84115,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84117,84118,84122],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84119,84120],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84121,2527],{"class":96},[65,84123,84124,84126,84128,84130,84132,84134,84136,84138,84140],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,84125,4054],{"class":79},[65,84127,2204],{"class":96},[65,84129,100],{"class":79},[65,84131,127],{"class":96},[65,84133,100],{"class":79},[65,84135,4762],{"class":96},[65,84137,100],{"class":79},[65,84139,6513],{"class":96},[65,84141,3786],{"class":79},[20,84143,1309,84144,84146],{},[15,84145,82508],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84148,1309,84149,84153],{},[88,84150,84151],{"href":74448},[15,84152,74351],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84155,84156,84157,144],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[88,84158,84160],{"href":84159},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84161,84162],{},"min()",[51,84164,1766],{"id":1765},[20,84166,84167],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[30,84169,84170,84177,84180,84185,84188],{},[33,84171,1326,84172,84174,84175],{},[15,84173,82508],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84176,82863],{},[33,84178,84179],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[33,84181,1792,84182,84184],{},[15,84183,82508],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[33,84186,84187],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[33,84189,8569,84190,84192],{},[15,84191,82863],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84194,11258],{},[56,84196,84198],{"className":58,"code":84197,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84199,84200,84210,84224,84238,84252,84274],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84201,84202,84204,84206,84208],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84203,165],{"class":164},[65,84205,168],{"class":79},[65,84207,7960],{"class":147},[65,84209,174],{"class":79},[65,84211,84212,84214,84216,84218,84220,84222],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,84213,165],{"class":164},[65,84215,168],{"class":79},[65,84217,3370],{"class":1368},[65,84219,168],{"class":79},[65,84221,7960],{"class":147},[65,84223,1870],{"class":79},[65,84225,84226,84228,84230,84232,84234,84236],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,84227,165],{"class":164},[65,84229,168],{"class":79},[65,84231,1863],{"class":164},[65,84233,168],{"class":79},[65,84235,7960],{"class":147},[65,84237,1870],{"class":79},[65,84239,84240,84242,84244,84246,84248,84250],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,84241,165],{"class":164},[65,84243,168],{"class":79},[65,84245,82567],{"class":164},[65,84247,168],{"class":79},[65,84249,7960],{"class":147},[65,84251,1870],{"class":79},[65,84253,84254,84256,84258,84260,84262,84264,84266,84268,84270,84272],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,84255,165],{"class":164},[65,84257,168],{"class":79},[65,84259,82567],{"class":164},[65,84261,168],{"class":79},[65,84263,7960],{"class":147},[65,84265,100],{"class":79},[65,84267,26629],{"class":9326},[65,84269,76],{"class":75},[65,84271,3930],{"class":4005},[65,84273,1870],{"class":79},[65,84275,84276,84278,84280,84282,84284,84286,84288,84290,84292,84294,84296],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,84277,165],{"class":164},[65,84279,3132],{"class":79},[65,84281,3370],{"class":1368},[65,84283,168],{"class":79},[65,84285,931],{"class":147},[65,84287,3813],{"class":79},[65,84289,4030],{"class":1405},[65,84291,4033],{"class":147},[65,84293,4036],{"class":1405},[65,84295,6118],{"class":147},[65,84297,4042],{"class":79},[20,84299,84300],{},"These are useful for checking:",[30,84302,84303,84308,84313,84316],{},[33,84304,84305,84306],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84307,7960],{},[33,84309,79678,84310,84312],{},[15,84311,7960],{}," is a list or some other type",[33,84314,84315],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[33,84317,84318],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84320,69274,84321,84324,84325,84327],{},[15,84322,84323],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84326,7960],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[51,84329,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,84331,1953,84333,1956],{"id":84332},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84334,82508],{},[20,84336,84337],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1059,84339,5320,84341,84343],{"id":84340},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84342,82508],{}," work with strings?",[20,84345,84346],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1059,84348,71573],{"id":71572},[20,84350,84351,52418,84353,84355,84356,84358],{},[15,84352,82508],{},[15,84354,40622],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84357,82863],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1059,84360,84362,84363,2637],{"id":84361},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84364,82508],{},[20,84366,1309,84367,93],{},[15,84368,83416],{},[56,84370,84371],{"className":58,"code":83344,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,84372,84373,84405],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84374,84375,84377,84379,84381,84383,84385,84387,84389,84391,84393,84395,84397,84399,84401,84403],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84376,4225],{"class":71},[65,84378,76],{"class":75},[65,84380,3773],{"class":79},[65,84382,84],{"class":83},[65,84384,36963],{"class":87},[65,84386,84],{"class":83},[65,84388,100],{"class":79},[65,84390,103],{"class":83},[65,84392,68253],{"class":87},[65,84394,84],{"class":83},[65,84396,100],{"class":79},[65,84398,103],{"class":83},[65,84400,58052],{"class":87},[65,84402,84],{"class":83},[65,84404,3786],{"class":79},[65,84406,84407,84409,84411,84413,84415,84417,84419,84421,84423,84425],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,84408,165],{"class":164},[65,84410,168],{"class":79},[65,84412,82567],{"class":164},[65,84414,168],{"class":79},[65,84416,4269],{"class":147},[65,84418,100],{"class":79},[65,84420,801],{"class":9326},[65,84422,76],{"class":75},[65,84424,1863],{"class":164},[65,84426,1870],{"class":79},[1059,84428,5330,84430,1048,84432,2637],{"id":84429},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84431,82508],{},[15,84433,74351],{},[20,84435,84436,84438,84439,84441],{},[15,84437,82508],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84440,74351],{}," returns all items in order.",[51,84443,2015],{"id":2014},[30,84445,84446,84452,84458,84464,84468,84472],{},[33,84447,84448],{},[88,84449,84450,3657],{"href":84159},[15,84451,84162],{},[33,84453,84454],{},[88,84455,84456,3657],{"href":74448},[15,84457,74351],{},[33,84459,84460],{},[88,84461,84462,3657],{"href":42277},[15,84463,42280],{},[33,84465,84466],{},[88,84467,58881],{"href":58880},[33,84469,84470],{},[88,84471,65766],{"href":72805},[33,84473,84474],{},[88,84475,83989],{"href":83988},[2071,84477,84478],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":84480},[84481,84482,84484,84485,84487,84489,84491,84496,84498,84506,84508,84509,84520],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":82698,"depth":133,"text":84483},"What max() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":82867,"depth":133,"text":84486},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83037,"depth":133,"text":84488},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83172,"depth":133,"text":84490},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78629,"depth":133,"text":79827,"children":84492},[84493,84494,84495],{"id":83340,"depth":154,"text":83341},{"id":83429,"depth":154,"text":83430},{"id":83511,"depth":154,"text":83512},{"id":83618,"depth":133,"text":84497},"Using the default argument",{"id":47907,"depth":133,"text":47908,"children":84499},[84500,84502,84504],{"id":83776,"depth":154,"text":84501},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83886,"depth":154,"text":84503},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83992,"depth":154,"text":84505},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84022,"depth":133,"text":84507},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":84510},[84511,84513,84515,84516,84518],{"id":84332,"depth":154,"text":84512},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84340,"depth":154,"text":84514},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71572,"depth":154,"text":71573},{"id":84361,"depth":154,"text":84517},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84429,"depth":154,"text":84519},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82500,"description":84521},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84528,"title":84529,"body":84530,"description":86484,"extension":2111,"meta":86485,"navigation":157,"path":86486,"seo":86487,"stem":86488,"__hash__":86489},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84531,"toc":86441},[84532,84537,84542,84548,84550,84624,84626,84639,84644,84649,84665,84669,84674,84750,84756,84759,84802,84804,84812,84818,84821,84852,84854,84862,84868,84873,84932,84934,84943,84946,84956,84962,84967,85002,85004,85012,85018,85024,85029,85073,85075,85084,85087,85127,85129,85138,85141,85153,85158,85163,85214,85216,85225,85228,85279,85281,85290,85293,85300,85306,85311,85313,85328,85332,85392,85394,85403,85407,85579,85581,85618,85625,85631,85634,85661,85663,85684,85689,85724,85726,85734,85737,85740,85756,85761,85763,85767,85773,85777,85804,85807,85817,85857,85861,85864,85907,85909,85918,85921,85926,85995,85997,86005,86010,86014,86017,86068,86070,86078,86081,86144,86146,86154,86157,86162,86166,86179,86186,86194,86196,86198,86228,86234,86335,86345,86347,86352,86355,86360,86363,86365,86373,86381,86389,86396,86404,86406,86438],[10,84533,3724,84535,3728],{"id":84534},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84536,84162],{},[20,84538,84539,84541],{},[15,84540,84162],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84543,84544,84545,84547],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84546,84162],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[51,84549,54],{"id":53},[56,84551,84553],{"className":58,"code":84552,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84554,84555,84579,84594,84598],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84556,84557,84559,84561,84563,84565,84567,84569,84571,84573,84575,84577],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84558,3768],{"class":71},[65,84560,76],{"class":75},[65,84562,3773],{"class":79},[65,84564,2284],{"class":96},[65,84566,100],{"class":79},[65,84568,113],{"class":96},[65,84570,100],{"class":79},[65,84572,54060],{"class":96},[65,84574,100],{"class":79},[65,84576,97],{"class":96},[65,84578,3786],{"class":79},[65,84580,84581,84583,84585,84588,84590,84592],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,84582,165],{"class":164},[65,84584,168],{"class":79},[65,84586,84587],{"class":164},"min",[65,84589,168],{"class":79},[65,84591,3800],{"class":147},[65,84593,1870],{"class":79},[65,84595,84596],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,84597,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,84599,84600,84602,84604,84606,84608,84610,84612,84614,84616,84618,84620,84622],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,84601,165],{"class":164},[65,84603,168],{"class":79},[65,84605,84587],{"class":164},[65,84607,168],{"class":79},[65,84609,2284],{"class":96},[65,84611,100],{"class":79},[65,84613,113],{"class":96},[65,84615,100],{"class":79},[65,84617,54060],{"class":96},[65,84619,100],{"class":79},[65,84621,97],{"class":96},[65,84623,1870],{"class":79},[20,84625,191],{},[56,84627,84629],{"className":58,"code":84628,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"1\n1\n",[15,84630,84631,84635],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84632,84633],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84634,46838],{"class":96},[65,84636,84637],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,84638,46838],{"class":96},[20,84640,1309,84641,84643],{},[15,84642,84162],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[51,84645,252,84647,255],{"id":84646},"what-min-does",[15,84648,84162],{},[30,84650,84651,84656,84659,84662],{},[33,84652,84653,84655],{},[15,84654,84162],{}," returns the smallest item",[33,84657,84658],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[33,84660,84661],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[33,84663,84664],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[51,84666,84668],{"id":84667},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84670,84671,84672,93],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84673,84162],{},[56,84675,84677],{"className":58,"code":84676,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84678,84679,84689,84714,84732],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84680,84681,84683,84685,84687],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84682,84587],{"class":164},[65,84684,168],{"class":79},[65,84686,3872],{"class":147},[65,84688,174],{"class":79},[65,84690,84691,84693,84695,84698,84700,84703,84705,84708,84710,84712],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,84692,84587],{"class":164},[65,84694,168],{"class":79},[65,84696,84697],{"class":147},"value1",[65,84699,100],{"class":79},[65,84701,84702],{"class":147}," value2",[65,84704,100],{"class":79},[65,84706,84707],{"class":147}," value3",[65,84709,100],{"class":79},[65,84711,34366],{"class":164},[65,84713,174],{"class":79},[65,84715,84716,84718,84720,84722,84724,84726,84728,84730],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,84717,84587],{"class":164},[65,84719,168],{"class":79},[65,84721,3872],{"class":147},[65,84723,100],{"class":79},[65,84725,801],{"class":9326},[65,84727,76],{"class":75},[65,84729,37287],{"class":164},[65,84731,174],{"class":79},[65,84733,84734,84736,84738,84740,84742,84744,84746,84748],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,84735,84587],{"class":164},[65,84737,168],{"class":79},[65,84739,3872],{"class":147},[65,84741,100],{"class":79},[65,84743,26629],{"class":9326},[65,84745,76],{"class":75},[65,84747,37287],{"class":164},[65,84749,174],{"class":79},[1059,84751,84753],{"id":84752},"miniterable",[15,84754,84755],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84757,84758],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[56,84760,84762],{"className":58,"code":84761,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84763,84764,84788],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84765,84766,84768,84770,84772,84774,84776,84778,84780,84782,84784,84786],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84767,3768],{"class":71},[65,84769,76],{"class":75},[65,84771,3773],{"class":79},[65,84773,2491],{"class":96},[65,84775,100],{"class":79},[65,84777,127],{"class":96},[65,84779,100],{"class":79},[65,84781,30853],{"class":96},[65,84783,100],{"class":79},[65,84785,97],{"class":96},[65,84787,3786],{"class":79},[65,84789,84790,84792,84794,84796,84798,84800],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,84791,165],{"class":164},[65,84793,168],{"class":79},[65,84795,84587],{"class":164},[65,84797,168],{"class":79},[65,84799,3800],{"class":147},[65,84801,1870],{"class":79},[20,84803,191],{},[56,84805,84806],{"className":58,"code":46838,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,84807,84808],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84809,84810],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84811,46838],{"class":96},[1059,84813,84815],{"id":84814},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84816,84817],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84819,84820],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[56,84822,84824],{"className":58,"code":84823,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84825,84826],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84827,84828,84830,84832,84834,84836,84838,84840,84842,84844,84846,84848,84850],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84829,165],{"class":164},[65,84831,168],{"class":79},[65,84833,84587],{"class":164},[65,84835,168],{"class":79},[65,84837,2491],{"class":96},[65,84839,100],{"class":79},[65,84841,127],{"class":96},[65,84843,100],{"class":79},[65,84845,30853],{"class":96},[65,84847,100],{"class":79},[65,84849,97],{"class":96},[65,84851,1870],{"class":79},[20,84853,191],{},[56,84855,84856],{"className":58,"code":46838,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,84857,84858],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84859,84860],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84861,46838],{"class":96},[1059,84863,84865],{"id":84864},"miniterable-key",[15,84866,84867],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84869,1309,84870,84872],{},[15,84871,487],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[56,84874,84876],{"className":58,"code":84875,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84877,84878,84910],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84879,84880,84882,84884,84886,84888,84890,84892,84894,84896,84898,84900,84902,84904,84906,84908],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84881,4225],{"class":71},[65,84883,76],{"class":75},[65,84885,3773],{"class":79},[65,84887,84],{"class":83},[65,84889,78671],{"class":87},[65,84891,84],{"class":83},[65,84893,100],{"class":79},[65,84895,103],{"class":83},[65,84897,38258],{"class":87},[65,84899,84],{"class":83},[65,84901,100],{"class":79},[65,84903,103],{"class":83},[65,84905,4243],{"class":87},[65,84907,84],{"class":83},[65,84909,3786],{"class":79},[65,84911,84912,84914,84916,84918,84920,84922,84924,84926,84928,84930],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,84913,165],{"class":164},[65,84915,168],{"class":79},[65,84917,84587],{"class":164},[65,84919,168],{"class":79},[65,84921,4269],{"class":147},[65,84923,100],{"class":79},[65,84925,801],{"class":9326},[65,84927,76],{"class":75},[65,84929,1863],{"class":164},[65,84931,1870],{"class":79},[20,84933,191],{},[56,84935,84937],{"className":58,"code":84936,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"kiwi\n",[15,84938,84939],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84940,84941],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84942,84936],{"class":71},[20,84944,84945],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84947,84948,84949,84951,84952,144],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84950,42280],{},", see the ",[88,84953,84954,3657],{"href":42277},[15,84955,42280],{},[1059,84957,84959],{"id":84958},"miniterable-default",[15,84960,84961],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84963,1309,84964,84966],{},[15,84965,82863],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[56,84968,84970],{"className":58,"code":84969,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84971,84972,84980],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,84973,84974,84976,84978],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,84975,3768],{"class":71},[65,84977,76],{"class":75},[65,84979,7989],{"class":79},[65,84981,84982,84984,84986,84988,84990,84992,84994,84996,84998,85000],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,84983,165],{"class":164},[65,84985,168],{"class":79},[65,84987,84587],{"class":164},[65,84989,168],{"class":79},[65,84991,3800],{"class":147},[65,84993,100],{"class":79},[65,84995,26629],{"class":9326},[65,84997,76],{"class":75},[65,84999,2267],{"class":96},[65,85001,1870],{"class":79},[20,85003,191],{},[56,85005,85006],{"className":58,"code":47173,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,85007,85008],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85009,85010],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85011,47173],{"class":96},[20,85013,85014,85015,85017],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85016,40622],{}," when there is no item to return.",[51,85019,8569,85021,85023],{"id":85020},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85022,84162],{}," with numbers",[20,85025,85026,85028],{},[15,85027,84162],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[56,85030,85032],{"className":58,"code":85031,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85033,85034,85059],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85035,85036,85038,85040,85042,85044,85046,85049,85051,85053,85055,85057],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85037,519],{"class":71},[65,85039,76],{"class":75},[65,85041,3773],{"class":79},[65,85043,51428],{"class":96},[65,85045,100],{"class":79},[65,85047,85048],{"class":96}," 72",[65,85050,100],{"class":79},[65,85052,549],{"class":96},[65,85054,100],{"class":79},[65,85056,76027],{"class":96},[65,85058,3786],{"class":79},[65,85060,85061,85063,85065,85067,85069,85071],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,85062,165],{"class":164},[65,85064,168],{"class":79},[65,85066,84587],{"class":164},[65,85068,168],{"class":79},[65,85070,16511],{"class":147},[65,85072,1870],{"class":79},[20,85074,191],{},[56,85076,85078],{"className":58,"code":85077,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"60\n",[15,85079,85080],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85081,85082],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85083,85077],{"class":96},[20,85085,85086],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[56,85088,85090],{"className":58,"code":85089,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85091,85092,85113],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85093,85094,85096,85098,85100,85102,85104,85107,85109,85111],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85095,82975],{"class":71},[65,85097,76],{"class":75},[65,85099,3773],{"class":79},[65,85101,40316],{"class":96},[65,85103,100],{"class":79},[65,85105,85106],{"class":96}," 5.49",[65,85108,100],{"class":79},[65,85110,82991],{"class":96},[65,85112,3786],{"class":79},[65,85114,85115,85117,85119,85121,85123,85125],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,85116,165],{"class":164},[65,85118,168],{"class":79},[65,85120,84587],{"class":164},[65,85122,168],{"class":79},[65,85124,83011],{"class":147},[65,85126,1870],{"class":79},[20,85128,191],{},[56,85130,85132],{"className":58,"code":85131,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"5.49\n",[15,85133,85134],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85135,85136],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85137,85131],{"class":96},[20,85139,85140],{},"This is useful for things like:",[30,85142,85143,85145,85147,85150],{},[33,85144,16511],{},[33,85146,83011],{},[33,85148,85149],{},"measurements",[33,85151,85152],{},"ages",[51,85154,8569,85156,46980],{"id":85155},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85157,84162],{},[20,85159,85160,85162],{},[15,85161,84162],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[56,85164,85166],{"className":58,"code":85165,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85167,85168,85200],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85169,85170,85172,85174,85176,85178,85180,85182,85184,85186,85188,85190,85192,85194,85196,85198],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85171,4225],{"class":71},[65,85173,76],{"class":75},[65,85175,3773],{"class":79},[65,85177,84],{"class":83},[65,85179,4243],{"class":87},[65,85181,84],{"class":83},[65,85183,100],{"class":79},[65,85185,103],{"class":83},[65,85187,4234],{"class":87},[65,85189,84],{"class":83},[65,85191,100],{"class":79},[65,85193,103],{"class":83},[65,85195,4252],{"class":87},[65,85197,84],{"class":83},[65,85199,3786],{"class":79},[65,85201,85202,85204,85206,85208,85210,85212],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,85203,165],{"class":164},[65,85205,168],{"class":79},[65,85207,84587],{"class":164},[65,85209,168],{"class":79},[65,85211,4269],{"class":147},[65,85213,1870],{"class":79},[20,85215,191],{},[56,85217,85219],{"className":58,"code":85218,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"apple\n",[15,85220,85221],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85222,85223],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85224,85218],{"class":71},[20,85226,85227],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[56,85229,85231],{"className":58,"code":85230,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85232,85233,85265],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85234,85235,85237,85239,85241,85243,85245,85247,85249,85251,85253,85255,85257,85259,85261,85263],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85236,4225],{"class":71},[65,85238,76],{"class":75},[65,85240,3773],{"class":79},[65,85242,84],{"class":83},[65,85244,4243],{"class":87},[65,85246,84],{"class":83},[65,85248,100],{"class":79},[65,85250,103],{"class":83},[65,85252,57693],{"class":87},[65,85254,84],{"class":83},[65,85256,100],{"class":79},[65,85258,103],{"class":83},[65,85260,4252],{"class":87},[65,85262,84],{"class":83},[65,85264,3786],{"class":79},[65,85266,85267,85269,85271,85273,85275,85277],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,85268,165],{"class":164},[65,85270,168],{"class":79},[65,85272,84587],{"class":164},[65,85274,168],{"class":79},[65,85276,4269],{"class":147},[65,85278,1870],{"class":79},[20,85280,191],{},[56,85282,85284],{"className":58,"code":85283,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Apple\n",[15,85285,85286],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85287,85288],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85289,85283],{"class":71},[20,85291,85292],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85294,85295,85296,144],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[88,85297,85298,5935],{"href":74448},[15,85299,74351],{},[51,85301,8569,85303,85305],{"id":85302},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85304,84162],{}," with a key function",[20,85307,22,85308,85310],{},[15,85309,487],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85312,302],{},[30,85314,85315,85320,85325],{},[33,85316,85317,85319],{},[15,85318,487],{}," changes the comparison rule",[33,85321,85322,85324],{},[15,85323,84162],{}," still returns the original item",[33,85326,85327],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1059,85329,85331],{"id":85330},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[56,85333,85335],{"className":58,"code":85334,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85336,85337,85370],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85338,85339,85341,85343,85345,85347,85349,85351,85353,85355,85357,85359,85361,85363,85366,85368],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85340,4225],{"class":71},[65,85342,76],{"class":75},[65,85344,3773],{"class":79},[65,85346,84],{"class":83},[65,85348,68253],{"class":87},[65,85350,84],{"class":83},[65,85352,100],{"class":79},[65,85354,103],{"class":83},[65,85356,36963],{"class":87},[65,85358,84],{"class":83},[65,85360,100],{"class":79},[65,85362,103],{"class":83},[65,85364,85365],{"class":87},"giraffe",[65,85367,84],{"class":83},[65,85369,3786],{"class":79},[65,85371,85372,85374,85376,85378,85380,85382,85384,85386,85388,85390],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,85373,165],{"class":164},[65,85375,168],{"class":79},[65,85377,84587],{"class":164},[65,85379,168],{"class":79},[65,85381,4269],{"class":147},[65,85383,100],{"class":79},[65,85385,801],{"class":9326},[65,85387,76],{"class":75},[65,85389,1863],{"class":164},[65,85391,1870],{"class":79},[20,85393,191],{},[56,85395,85397],{"className":58,"code":85396,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"cat\n",[15,85398,85399],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85400,85401],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85402,85396],{"class":71},[1059,85404,85406],{"id":85405},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[56,85408,85410],{"className":58,"code":85409,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85411,85412,85422,85457,85489,85521,85525,85529,85568],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85413,85414,85417,85419],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85415,85416],{"class":71},"students ",[65,85418,76],{"class":75},[65,85420,85421],{"class":79}," [\n",[65,85423,85424,85427,85429,85431,85433,85435,85437,85439,85441,85443,85445,85448,85450,85452,85454],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,85425,85426],{"class":79},"    {",[65,85428,84],{"class":83},[65,85430,369],{"class":87},[65,85432,84],{"class":83},[65,85434,93],{"class":79},[65,85436,103],{"class":83},[65,85438,542],{"class":87},[65,85440,84],{"class":83},[65,85442,100],{"class":79},[65,85444,103],{"class":83},[65,85446,85447],{"class":87},"score",[65,85449,84],{"class":83},[65,85451,93],{"class":79},[65,85453,13636],{"class":96},[65,85455,85456],{"class":79},"},\n",[65,85458,85459,85461,85463,85465,85467,85469,85471,85473,85475,85477,85479,85481,85483,85485,85487],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,85460,85426],{"class":79},[65,85462,84],{"class":83},[65,85464,369],{"class":87},[65,85466,84],{"class":83},[65,85468,93],{"class":79},[65,85470,103],{"class":83},[65,85472,35855],{"class":87},[65,85474,84],{"class":83},[65,85476,100],{"class":79},[65,85478,103],{"class":83},[65,85480,85447],{"class":87},[65,85482,84],{"class":83},[65,85484,93],{"class":79},[65,85486,85048],{"class":96},[65,85488,85456],{"class":79},[65,85490,85491,85493,85495,85497,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507,85509,85511,85513,85515,85517,85519],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,85492,85426],{"class":79},[65,85494,84],{"class":83},[65,85496,369],{"class":87},[65,85498,84],{"class":83},[65,85500,93],{"class":79},[65,85502,103],{"class":83},[65,85504,35864],{"class":87},[65,85506,84],{"class":83},[65,85508,100],{"class":79},[65,85510,103],{"class":83},[65,85512,85447],{"class":87},[65,85514,84],{"class":83},[65,85516,93],{"class":79},[65,85518,20013],{"class":96},[65,85520,130],{"class":79},[65,85522,85523],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,85524,3786],{"class":79},[65,85526,85527],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,85528,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,85530,85531,85534,85536,85539,85541,85544,85546,85548,85550,85552,85554,85556,85558,85560,85562,85564,85566],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,85532,85533],{"class":71},"lowest ",[65,85535,76],{"class":75},[65,85537,85538],{"class":164}," min",[65,85540,168],{"class":79},[65,85542,85543],{"class":147},"students",[65,85545,100],{"class":79},[65,85547,801],{"class":9326},[65,85549,76],{"class":75},[65,85551,37576],{"class":1696},[65,85553,13036],{"class":37579},[65,85555,93],{"class":79},[65,85557,13036],{"class":147},[65,85559,4054],{"class":79},[65,85561,84],{"class":83},[65,85563,85447],{"class":87},[65,85565,84],{"class":83},[65,85567,4042],{"class":79},[65,85569,85570,85572,85574,85577],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,85571,165],{"class":164},[65,85573,168],{"class":79},[65,85575,85576],{"class":147},"lowest",[65,85578,174],{"class":79},[20,85580,191],{},[56,85582,85584],{"className":58,"code":85583,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85585,85586],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85587,85588,85590,85592,85594,85596,85598,85600,85602,85604,85606,85608,85610,85612,85614,85616],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85589,218],{"class":79},[65,85591,203],{"class":83},[65,85593,369],{"class":87},[65,85595,203],{"class":83},[65,85597,93],{"class":79},[65,85599,233],{"class":83},[65,85601,35855],{"class":87},[65,85603,203],{"class":83},[65,85605,100],{"class":79},[65,85607,233],{"class":83},[65,85609,85447],{"class":87},[65,85611,203],{"class":83},[65,85613,93],{"class":79},[65,85615,85048],{"class":96},[65,85617,130],{"class":79},[20,85619,85620,85621,85624],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85622,85623],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[51,85626,8569,85628,85630],{"id":85627},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85629,82863],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85632,85633],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[56,85635,85637],{"className":58,"code":85636,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85638,85639,85647],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85640,85641,85643,85645],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85642,3768],{"class":71},[65,85644,76],{"class":75},[65,85646,7989],{"class":79},[65,85648,85649,85651,85653,85655,85657,85659],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,85650,165],{"class":164},[65,85652,168],{"class":79},[65,85654,84587],{"class":164},[65,85656,168],{"class":79},[65,85658,3800],{"class":147},[65,85660,1870],{"class":79},[20,85662,191],{},[56,85664,85666],{"className":58,"code":85665,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85667,85668],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85669,85670,85672,85674,85676,85678,85680,85682],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85671,40622],{"class":1368},[65,85673,93],{"class":79},[65,85675,85538],{"class":164},[65,85677,7515],{"class":79},[65,85679,83833],{"class":71},[65,85681,12329],{"class":75},[65,85683,83838],{"class":71},[20,85685,85686,85687,93],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85688,82863],{},[56,85690,85692],{"className":58,"code":85691,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85693,85694,85702],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85695,85696,85698,85700],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85697,3768],{"class":71},[65,85699,76],{"class":75},[65,85701,7989],{"class":79},[65,85703,85704,85706,85708,85710,85712,85714,85716,85718,85720,85722],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,85705,165],{"class":164},[65,85707,168],{"class":79},[65,85709,84587],{"class":164},[65,85711,168],{"class":79},[65,85713,3800],{"class":147},[65,85715,100],{"class":79},[65,85717,26629],{"class":9326},[65,85719,76],{"class":75},[65,85721,3930],{"class":4005},[65,85723,1870],{"class":79},[20,85725,191],{},[56,85727,85728],{"className":58,"code":11943,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,85729,85730],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85731,85732],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85733,11943],{"class":4005},[20,85735,85736],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85738,85739],{},"Remember:",[30,85741,85742,85750],{},[33,85743,85744,85746,85747,85749],{},[15,85745,82863],{}," works only when ",[15,85748,84162],{}," gets one iterable argument",[33,85751,85752,85753],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85754,85755],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85757,85758,85759,144],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[88,85760,65766],{"href":72805},[51,85762,10889],{"id":10888},[20,85764,56700,85765,144],{},[15,85766,84162],{},[1059,85768,85770,85771],{"id":85769},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85772,82863],{},[20,85774,3149,85775,93],{},[15,85776,40622],{},[56,85778,85780],{"className":58,"code":85779,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85781,85782,85790],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85783,85784,85786,85788],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85785,7929],{"class":71},[65,85787,76],{"class":75},[65,85789,7989],{"class":79},[65,85791,85792,85794,85796,85798,85800,85802],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,85793,165],{"class":164},[65,85795,168],{"class":79},[65,85797,84587],{"class":164},[65,85799,168],{"class":79},[65,85801,7960],{"class":147},[65,85803,1870],{"class":79},[20,85805,85806],{},"Fix it by:",[30,85808,85809,85812],{},[33,85810,85811],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[33,85813,85814,85815],{},"or using ",[15,85816,82863],{},[56,85818,85820],{"className":58,"code":85819,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85821,85822,85830],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85823,85824,85826,85828],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85825,7929],{"class":71},[65,85827,76],{"class":75},[65,85829,7989],{"class":79},[65,85831,85832,85834,85836,85838,85840,85842,85844,85846,85848,85850,85853,85855],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,85833,165],{"class":164},[65,85835,168],{"class":79},[65,85837,84587],{"class":164},[65,85839,168],{"class":79},[65,85841,7960],{"class":147},[65,85843,100],{"class":79},[65,85845,26629],{"class":9326},[65,85847,76],{"class":75},[65,85849,84],{"class":83},[65,85851,85852],{"class":87},"no items",[65,85854,84],{"class":83},[65,85856,1870],{"class":79},[1059,85858,85860],{"id":85859},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85862,85863],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[56,85865,85867],{"className":58,"code":85866,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85868,85869,85893],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85870,85871,85873,85875,85877,85879,85881,85883,85885,85887,85889,85891],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85872,72],{"class":71},[65,85874,76],{"class":75},[65,85876,3773],{"class":79},[65,85878,2476],{"class":96},[65,85880,100],{"class":79},[65,85882,103],{"class":83},[65,85884,15876],{"class":87},[65,85886,84],{"class":83},[65,85888,100],{"class":79},[65,85890,4762],{"class":96},[65,85892,3786],{"class":79},[65,85894,85895,85897,85899,85901,85903,85905],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,85896,165],{"class":164},[65,85898,168],{"class":79},[65,85900,84587],{"class":164},[65,85902,168],{"class":79},[65,85904,184],{"class":147},[65,85906,1870],{"class":79},[20,85908,191],{},[56,85910,85912],{"className":58,"code":85911,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"TypeError\n",[15,85913,85914],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85915,85916],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85917,85911],{"class":1368},[20,85919,85920],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85922,85923,85924,144],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85925,84162],{},[56,85927,85929],{"className":58,"code":85928,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85930,85931,85955,85981],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,85932,85933,85935,85937,85939,85941,85943,85945,85947,85949,85951,85953],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,85934,72],{"class":71},[65,85936,76],{"class":75},[65,85938,3773],{"class":79},[65,85940,2476],{"class":96},[65,85942,100],{"class":79},[65,85944,103],{"class":83},[65,85946,15876],{"class":87},[65,85948,84],{"class":83},[65,85950,100],{"class":79},[65,85952,4762],{"class":96},[65,85954,3786],{"class":79},[65,85956,85957,85959,85961,85963,85965,85967,85969,85971,85973,85975,85977,85979],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,85958,3768],{"class":71},[65,85960,76],{"class":75},[65,85962,3773],{"class":79},[65,85964,2335],{"class":1368},[65,85966,168],{"class":79},[65,85968,931],{"class":147},[65,85970,3813],{"class":79},[65,85972,4030],{"class":1405},[65,85974,4033],{"class":71},[65,85976,4036],{"class":1405},[65,85978,141],{"class":71},[65,85980,3786],{"class":79},[65,85982,85983,85985,85987,85989,85991,85993],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,85984,165],{"class":164},[65,85986,168],{"class":79},[65,85988,84587],{"class":164},[65,85990,168],{"class":79},[65,85992,3800],{"class":147},[65,85994,1870],{"class":79},[20,85996,191],{},[56,85998,85999],{"className":58,"code":3093,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,86000,86001],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,86002,86003],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,86004,3093],{"class":96},[20,86006,86007,86008,144],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86009,3152],{},[1059,86011,86013],{"id":86012},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86015,86016],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[56,86018,86020],{"className":58,"code":86019,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86021,86022,86054],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,86023,86024,86026,86028,86030,86032,86034,86036,86038,86040,86042,86044,86046,86048,86050,86052],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,86025,4225],{"class":71},[65,86027,76],{"class":75},[65,86029,3773],{"class":79},[65,86031,84],{"class":83},[65,86033,79487],{"class":87},[65,86035,84],{"class":83},[65,86037,100],{"class":79},[65,86039,103],{"class":83},[65,86041,57693],{"class":87},[65,86043,84],{"class":83},[65,86045,100],{"class":79},[65,86047,103],{"class":83},[65,86049,79504],{"class":87},[65,86051,84],{"class":83},[65,86053,3786],{"class":79},[65,86055,86056,86058,86060,86062,86064,86066],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,86057,165],{"class":164},[65,86059,168],{"class":79},[65,86061,84587],{"class":164},[65,86063,168],{"class":79},[65,86065,4269],{"class":147},[65,86067,1870],{"class":79},[20,86069,191],{},[56,86071,86072],{"className":58,"code":85283,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,86073,86074],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,86075,86076],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,86077,85283],{"class":71},[20,86079,86080],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[56,86082,86084],{"className":58,"code":86083,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86085,86086,86118],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,86087,86088,86090,86092,86094,86096,86098,86100,86102,86104,86106,86108,86110,86112,86114,86116],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,86089,4225],{"class":71},[65,86091,76],{"class":75},[65,86093,3773],{"class":79},[65,86095,84],{"class":83},[65,86097,79487],{"class":87},[65,86099,84],{"class":83},[65,86101,100],{"class":79},[65,86103,103],{"class":83},[65,86105,57693],{"class":87},[65,86107,84],{"class":83},[65,86109,100],{"class":79},[65,86111,103],{"class":83},[65,86113,79504],{"class":87},[65,86115,84],{"class":83},[65,86117,3786],{"class":79},[65,86119,86120,86122,86124,86126,86128,86130,86132,86134,86136,86138,86140,86142],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,86121,165],{"class":164},[65,86123,168],{"class":79},[65,86125,84587],{"class":164},[65,86127,168],{"class":79},[65,86129,4269],{"class":147},[65,86131,100],{"class":79},[65,86133,801],{"class":9326},[65,86135,76],{"class":75},[65,86137,3591],{"class":1368},[65,86139,144],{"class":79},[65,86141,8791],{"class":24857},[65,86143,1870],{"class":79},[20,86145,191],{},[56,86147,86148],{"className":58,"code":85283,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,86149,86150],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,86151,86152],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,86153,85283],{"class":71},[20,86155,86156],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[51,86158,1553,86160],{"id":86159},"when-to-use-min",[15,86161,84162],{},[20,86163,1309,86164,10745],{},[15,86165,84162],{},[30,86167,86168,86171,86176],{},[33,86169,86170],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[33,86172,86173,86174],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86175,487],{},[33,86177,86178],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86180,1309,86181,86185],{},[88,86182,86183],{"href":74448},[15,86184,74351],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86187,1309,86188,86193],{},[88,86189,86191],{"href":86190},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86192,82508],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[51,86195,1766],{"id":1765},[20,86197,84167],{},[30,86199,86200,86208,86211,86216,86223],{},[33,86201,86202,86203,86205,86206],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86204,84162],{}," without using ",[15,86207,82863],{},[33,86209,86210],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[33,86212,1792,86213,86215],{},[15,86214,84162],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[33,86217,1812,86218,86220,86221,85324],{},[15,86219,487],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86222,84162],{},[33,86224,8569,86225,86227],{},[15,86226,82863],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86229,86230,86231,86233],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86232,84162],{},", these quick checks can help:",[56,86235,86237],{"className":58,"code":86236,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86238,86239,86253,86263,86277,86291,86313],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,86240,86241,86243,86245,86247,86249,86251],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,86242,165],{"class":164},[65,86244,168],{"class":79},[65,86246,3370],{"class":1368},[65,86248,168],{"class":79},[65,86250,184],{"class":147},[65,86252,1870],{"class":79},[65,86254,86255,86257,86259,86261],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,86256,165],{"class":164},[65,86258,168],{"class":79},[65,86260,184],{"class":147},[65,86262,174],{"class":79},[65,86264,86265,86267,86269,86271,86273,86275],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,86266,165],{"class":164},[65,86268,168],{"class":79},[65,86270,1863],{"class":164},[65,86272,168],{"class":79},[65,86274,184],{"class":147},[65,86276,1870],{"class":79},[65,86278,86279,86281,86283,86285,86287,86289],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,86280,165],{"class":164},[65,86282,168],{"class":79},[65,86284,84587],{"class":164},[65,86286,168],{"class":79},[65,86288,184],{"class":147},[65,86290,1870],{"class":79},[65,86292,86293,86295,86297,86299,86301,86303,86305,86307,86309,86311],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,86294,165],{"class":164},[65,86296,168],{"class":79},[65,86298,84587],{"class":164},[65,86300,168],{"class":79},[65,86302,184],{"class":147},[65,86304,100],{"class":79},[65,86306,26629],{"class":9326},[65,86308,76],{"class":75},[65,86310,3930],{"class":4005},[65,86312,1870],{"class":79},[65,86314,86315,86317,86319,86321,86323,86325,86327,86329,86331,86333],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,86316,165],{"class":164},[65,86318,168],{"class":79},[65,86320,84587],{"class":164},[65,86322,168],{"class":79},[65,86324,4269],{"class":147},[65,86326,100],{"class":79},[65,86328,801],{"class":9326},[65,86330,76],{"class":75},[65,86332,1863],{"class":164},[65,86334,1870],{"class":79},[20,86336,86337,86338,86341,86342,86344],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86339,86340],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86343,184],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[51,86346,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,86348,1953,86350,1956],{"id":86349},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86351,84162],{},[20,86353,86354],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1059,86356,5320,86358,84343],{"id":86357},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86359,84162],{},[20,86361,86362],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1059,86364,71573],{"id":71572},[20,86366,86367,52418,86369,84355,86371,36537],{},[15,86368,84162],{},[15,86370,40622],{},[15,86372,82863],{},[1059,86374,1953,86376,86378,86379,2637],{"id":86375},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86377,487],{}," do in ",[15,86380,84162],{},[20,86382,86383,86385,86386,86388],{},[15,86384,487],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86387,83416],{}," compares strings by length.",[1059,86390,5330,86392,1048,86394,2637],{"id":86391},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86393,84162],{},[15,86395,74351],{},[20,86397,86398,86400,86401,86403],{},[15,86399,84162],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86402,74351],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[51,86405,2015],{"id":2014},[30,86407,86408,86414,86420,86426,86430,86434],{},[33,86409,86410],{},[88,86411,86412,3657],{"href":86190},[15,86413,82508],{},[33,86415,86416],{},[88,86417,86418,3657],{"href":74448},[15,86419,74351],{},[33,86421,86422],{},[88,86423,86424,3657],{"href":42277},[15,86425,42280],{},[33,86427,86428],{},[88,86429,79800],{"href":78303},[33,86431,86432],{},[88,86433,58881],{"href":58880},[33,86435,86436],{},[88,86437,65766],{"href":72805},[2071,86439,86440],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":86442},[86443,86444,86446,86452,86454,86456,86461,86463,86469,86471,86472,86483],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":84646,"depth":133,"text":86445},"What min() does",{"id":84667,"depth":133,"text":84668,"children":86447},[86448,86449,86450,86451],{"id":84752,"depth":154,"text":84755},{"id":84814,"depth":154,"text":84817},{"id":84864,"depth":154,"text":84867},{"id":84958,"depth":154,"text":84961},{"id":85020,"depth":133,"text":86453},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85155,"depth":133,"text":86455},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85302,"depth":133,"text":86457,"children":86458},"Using min() with a key function",[86459,86460],{"id":85330,"depth":154,"text":85331},{"id":85405,"depth":154,"text":85406},{"id":85627,"depth":133,"text":86462},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10888,"depth":133,"text":10889,"children":86464},[86465,86467,86468],{"id":85769,"depth":154,"text":86466},"Empty list without default",{"id":85859,"depth":154,"text":85860},{"id":86012,"depth":154,"text":86013},{"id":86159,"depth":133,"text":86470},"When to use min()",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":86473},[86474,86476,86478,86479,86481],{"id":86349,"depth":154,"text":86475},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86357,"depth":154,"text":86477},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71572,"depth":154,"text":71573},{"id":86375,"depth":154,"text":86480},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86391,"depth":154,"text":86482},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84529,"description":86484},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86491,"title":86492,"body":86493,"description":88672,"extension":2111,"meta":88673,"navigation":157,"path":88674,"seo":88675,"stem":88676,"__hash__":88677},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86494,"toc":88636},[86495,86498,86504,86510,86512,86593,86602,86606,86611,86613,86658,86660,86740,86746,86748,86751,86783,86785,86803,86805,86878,86880,86899,86903,86906,86942,86944,87011,87085,87158,87163,87167,87173,87176,87193,87196,87198,87259,87261,87281,87287,87291,87294,87364,87367,87386,87391,87467,87470,87474,87480,87484,87489,87559,87563,87568,87642,87646,87649,87724,87735,87739,87744,87834,87839,87907,87910,87929,87940,87944,87947,87952,87955,88017,88020,88031,88036,88039,88042,88047,88050,88053,88057,88060,88066,88069,88080,88082,88144,88159,88165,88168,88171,88182,88193,88199,88202,88204,88266,88276,88282,88287,88293,88297,88303,88306,88327,88329,88334,88361,88364,88391,88394,88433,88436,88474,88477,88538,88541,88543,88547,88550,88554,88560,88568,88576,88580,88583,88587,88593,88595,88633],[10,86496,86492],{"id":86497},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86499,86500,86503],{},[15,86501,86502],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86505,86506,86507,86509],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86508,86502],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[51,86511,54],{"id":53},[56,86513,86515],{"className":58,"code":86514,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86516,86517,86566,86582],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,86518,86519,86522,86525,86527,86529,86532,86534,86536,86538,86540,86542,86544,86547,86549,86551,86554,86556,86558,86560,86564],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,86520,86521],{"class":1405},"with",[65,86523,86524],{"class":164}," open",[65,86526,168],{"class":79},[65,86528,84],{"class":83},[65,86530,86531],{"class":87},"example.txt",[65,86533,84],{"class":83},[65,86535,100],{"class":79},[65,86537,103],{"class":83},[65,86539,60431],{"class":87},[65,86541,84],{"class":83},[65,86543,100],{"class":79},[65,86545,86546],{"class":9326}," encoding",[65,86548,76],{"class":75},[65,86550,84],{"class":83},[65,86552,86553],{"class":87},"utf-8",[65,86555,84],{"class":83},[65,86557,3813],{"class":79},[65,86559,47279],{"class":1405},[65,86561,86563],{"class":86562},"sMMDD"," file",[65,86565,1411],{"class":79},[65,86567,86568,86571,86573,86575,86577,86580],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,86569,86570],{"class":71},"    content ",[65,86572,76],{"class":75},[65,86574,86563],{"class":86562},[65,86576,144],{"class":79},[65,86578,86579],{"class":147},"read",[65,86581,151],{"class":79},[65,86583,86584,86586,86588,86591],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,86585,1431],{"class":164},[65,86587,168],{"class":79},[65,86589,86590],{"class":147},"content",[65,86592,174],{"class":79},[20,86594,1309,86595,86597,86598,86601],{},[15,86596,86521],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86599,86600],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[51,86603,86605],{"id":86604},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86607,86608,86610],{},[15,86609,86502],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86612,302],{},[30,86614,86615,86618,86623,86628],{},[33,86616,86617],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[33,86619,40824,86620,86622],{},[46,86621,1014],{}," read or write anything by itself",[33,86624,17536,86625],{},[46,86626,86627],{},"file object",[33,86629,86630,86631],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[30,86632,86633,86638,86643,86648,86653],{},[33,86634,86635],{},[15,86636,86637],{},"read()",[33,86639,86640],{},[15,86641,86642],{},"readline()",[33,86644,86645],{},[15,86646,86647],{},"readlines()",[33,86649,86650],{},[15,86651,86652],{},"write()",[33,86654,86655],{},[15,86656,86657],{},"close()",[20,86659,350],{},[56,86661,86663],{"className":58,"code":86662,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86664,86665,86704,86719,86729],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,86666,86667,86670,86672,86674,86676,86678,86680,86682,86684,86686,86688,86690,86692,86694,86696,86698,86700,86702],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,86668,86669],{"class":86562},"file",[65,86671,13405],{"class":75},[65,86673,86524],{"class":164},[65,86675,168],{"class":79},[65,86677,84],{"class":83},[65,86679,86531],{"class":87},[65,86681,84],{"class":83},[65,86683,100],{"class":79},[65,86685,103],{"class":83},[65,86687,60431],{"class":87},[65,86689,84],{"class":83},[65,86691,100],{"class":79},[65,86693,86546],{"class":9326},[65,86695,76],{"class":75},[65,86697,84],{"class":83},[65,86699,86553],{"class":87},[65,86701,84],{"class":83},[65,86703,174],{"class":79},[65,86705,86706,86709,86711,86713,86715,86717],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,86707,86708],{"class":71},"content ",[65,86710,76],{"class":75},[65,86712,86563],{"class":86562},[65,86714,144],{"class":79},[65,86716,86579],{"class":147},[65,86718,151],{"class":79},[65,86720,86721,86723,86725,86727],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,86722,165],{"class":164},[65,86724,168],{"class":79},[65,86726,86590],{"class":147},[65,86728,174],{"class":79},[65,86730,86731,86733,86735,86738],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,86732,86669],{"class":86562},[65,86734,144],{"class":79},[65,86736,86737],{"class":147},"close",[65,86739,151],{"class":79},[20,86741,86742,86743,86745],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86744,86521],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[51,86747,283],{"id":282},[20,86749,86750],{},"A common form is:",[56,86752,86754],{"className":58,"code":86753,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86755,86756],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,86757,86758,86760,86762,86764,86766,86769,86771,86773,86775,86777,86779,86781],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,86759,42346],{"class":164},[65,86761,168],{"class":79},[65,86763,86669],{"class":86562},[65,86765,100],{"class":79},[65,86767,86768],{"class":147}," mode",[65,86770,100],{"class":79},[65,86772,86546],{"class":9326},[65,86774,76],{"class":75},[65,86776,84],{"class":83},[65,86778,86553],{"class":87},[65,86780,84],{"class":83},[65,86782,174],{"class":79},[20,86784,64972],{},[30,86786,86787,86792,86797],{},[33,86788,86789,86791],{},[15,86790,86669],{}," is the file name or file path",[33,86793,86794,86796],{},[15,86795,21034],{}," controls how the file is opened",[33,86798,86799,86802],{},[15,86800,86801],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86804,350],{},[56,86806,86808],{"className":58,"code":86807,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86809,86810,86853,86868],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,86811,86812,86814,86816,86818,86820,86823,86825,86827,86829,86831,86833,86835,86837,86839,86841,86843,86845,86847,86849,86851],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,86813,86521],{"class":1405},[65,86815,86524],{"class":164},[65,86817,168],{"class":79},[65,86819,84],{"class":83},[65,86821,86822],{"class":87},"notes.txt",[65,86824,84],{"class":83},[65,86826,100],{"class":79},[65,86828,103],{"class":83},[65,86830,60431],{"class":87},[65,86832,84],{"class":83},[65,86834,100],{"class":79},[65,86836,86546],{"class":9326},[65,86838,76],{"class":75},[65,86840,84],{"class":83},[65,86842,86553],{"class":87},[65,86844,84],{"class":83},[65,86846,3813],{"class":79},[65,86848,47279],{"class":1405},[65,86850,86563],{"class":86562},[65,86852,1411],{"class":79},[65,86854,86855,86858,86860,86862,86864,86866],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,86856,86857],{"class":71},"    text ",[65,86859,76],{"class":75},[65,86861,86563],{"class":86562},[65,86863,144],{"class":79},[65,86865,86579],{"class":147},[65,86867,151],{"class":79},[65,86869,86870,86872,86874,86876],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,86871,1431],{"class":164},[65,86873,168],{"class":79},[65,86875,34621],{"class":147},[65,86877,174],{"class":79},[20,86879,20072],{},[30,86881,86882,86888,86893],{},[33,86883,86884,86887],{},[15,86885,86886],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[33,86889,86890,86892],{},[15,86891,86600],{}," means open for reading",[33,86894,86895,86898],{},[15,86896,86897],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[51,86900,86902],{"id":86901},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86904,86905],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[30,86907,86908,86913,86919,86924,86930,86936],{},[33,86909,86910,86912],{},[15,86911,86600],{}," = read a text file",[33,86914,86915,86918],{},[15,86916,86917],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[33,86920,86921,86923],{},[15,86922,18211],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[33,86925,86926,86929],{},[15,86927,86928],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[33,86931,86932,86935],{},[15,86933,86934],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[33,86937,86938,86941],{},[15,86939,86940],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86943,2273],{},[56,86945,86947],{"className":58,"code":86946,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86948,86949,86954,86997],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,86950,86951],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,86952,86953],{"class":3816},"# Read a text file\n",[65,86955,86956,86958,86960,86962,86964,86967,86969,86971,86973,86975,86977,86979,86981,86983,86985,86987,86989,86991,86993,86995],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,86957,86521],{"class":1405},[65,86959,86524],{"class":164},[65,86961,168],{"class":79},[65,86963,84],{"class":83},[65,86965,86966],{"class":87},"data.txt",[65,86968,84],{"class":83},[65,86970,100],{"class":79},[65,86972,103],{"class":83},[65,86974,60431],{"class":87},[65,86976,84],{"class":83},[65,86978,100],{"class":79},[65,86980,86546],{"class":9326},[65,86982,76],{"class":75},[65,86984,84],{"class":83},[65,86986,86553],{"class":87},[65,86988,84],{"class":83},[65,86990,3813],{"class":79},[65,86992,47279],{"class":1405},[65,86994,86563],{"class":86562},[65,86996,1411],{"class":79},[65,86998,86999,87001,87003,87005,87007,87009],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,87000,1431],{"class":164},[65,87002,168],{"class":79},[65,87004,86669],{"class":86562},[65,87006,144],{"class":79},[65,87008,86579],{"class":147},[65,87010,980],{"class":79},[56,87012,87014],{"className":58,"code":87013,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87015,87016,87021,87063],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,87017,87018],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,87019,87020],{"class":3816},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[65,87022,87023,87025,87027,87029,87031,87033,87035,87037,87039,87041,87043,87045,87047,87049,87051,87053,87055,87057,87059,87061],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,87024,86521],{"class":1405},[65,87026,86524],{"class":164},[65,87028,168],{"class":79},[65,87030,84],{"class":83},[65,87032,86966],{"class":87},[65,87034,84],{"class":83},[65,87036,100],{"class":79},[65,87038,103],{"class":83},[65,87040,60414],{"class":87},[65,87042,84],{"class":83},[65,87044,100],{"class":79},[65,87046,86546],{"class":9326},[65,87048,76],{"class":75},[65,87050,84],{"class":83},[65,87052,86553],{"class":87},[65,87054,84],{"class":83},[65,87056,3813],{"class":79},[65,87058,47279],{"class":1405},[65,87060,86563],{"class":86562},[65,87062,1411],{"class":79},[65,87064,87065,87068,87070,87072,87074,87076,87078,87081,87083],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,87066,87067],{"class":86562},"    file",[65,87069,144],{"class":79},[65,87071,70122],{"class":147},[65,87073,168],{"class":79},[65,87075,84],{"class":83},[65,87077,34780],{"class":87},[65,87079,87080],{"class":34365},"\\n",[65,87082,84],{"class":83},[65,87084,174],{"class":79},[56,87086,87088],{"className":58,"code":87087,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87089,87090,87095,87137],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,87091,87092],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,87093,87094],{"class":3816},"# Append to a text file\n",[65,87096,87097,87099,87101,87103,87105,87107,87109,87111,87113,87115,87117,87119,87121,87123,87125,87127,87129,87131,87133,87135],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,87098,86521],{"class":1405},[65,87100,86524],{"class":164},[65,87102,168],{"class":79},[65,87104,84],{"class":83},[65,87106,86966],{"class":87},[65,87108,84],{"class":83},[65,87110,100],{"class":79},[65,87112,103],{"class":83},[65,87114,88],{"class":87},[65,87116,84],{"class":83},[65,87118,100],{"class":79},[65,87120,86546],{"class":9326},[65,87122,76],{"class":75},[65,87124,84],{"class":83},[65,87126,86553],{"class":87},[65,87128,84],{"class":83},[65,87130,3813],{"class":79},[65,87132,47279],{"class":1405},[65,87134,86563],{"class":86562},[65,87136,1411],{"class":79},[65,87138,87139,87141,87143,87145,87147,87149,87152,87154,87156],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,87140,87067],{"class":86562},[65,87142,144],{"class":79},[65,87144,70122],{"class":147},[65,87146,168],{"class":79},[65,87148,84],{"class":83},[65,87150,87151],{"class":87},"Another line",[65,87153,87080],{"class":34365},[65,87155,84],{"class":83},[65,87157,174],{"class":79},[20,87159,69274,87160,87162],{},[15,87161,86917],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[51,87164,87166],{"id":87165},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87168,87169,1832,87171,144],{},[15,87170,86502],{},[46,87172,86627],{},[20,87174,87175],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[30,87177,87178,87183,87188],{},[33,87179,87180],{},[15,87181,87182],{},"file.read()",[33,87184,87185],{},[15,87186,87187],{},"file.write()",[33,87189,87190],{},[15,87191,87192],{},"file.close()",[20,87194,87195],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87197,350],{},[56,87199,87201],{"className":58,"code":87200,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87202,87203,87245],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,87204,87205,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87217,87219,87221,87223,87225,87227,87229,87231,87233,87235,87237,87239,87241,87243],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,87206,86521],{"class":1405},[65,87208,86524],{"class":164},[65,87210,168],{"class":79},[65,87212,84],{"class":83},[65,87214,86531],{"class":87},[65,87216,84],{"class":83},[65,87218,100],{"class":79},[65,87220,103],{"class":83},[65,87222,60431],{"class":87},[65,87224,84],{"class":83},[65,87226,100],{"class":79},[65,87228,86546],{"class":9326},[65,87230,76],{"class":75},[65,87232,84],{"class":83},[65,87234,86553],{"class":87},[65,87236,84],{"class":83},[65,87238,3813],{"class":79},[65,87240,47279],{"class":1405},[65,87242,86563],{"class":86562},[65,87244,1411],{"class":79},[65,87246,87247,87249,87251,87253,87255,87257],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,87248,1431],{"class":164},[65,87250,168],{"class":79},[65,87252,3370],{"class":1368},[65,87254,168],{"class":79},[65,87256,86669],{"class":86562},[65,87258,1870],{"class":79},[20,87260,1725],{},[56,87262,87264],{"className":58,"code":87263,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87265,87266],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,87267,87268,87270,87272,87274,87277,87279],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,87269,3439],{"class":75},[65,87271,3442],{"class":1696},[65,87273,233],{"class":83},[65,87275,87276],{"class":87},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[65,87278,203],{"class":83},[65,87280,3451],{"class":75},[20,87282,87283,87284,87286],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87285,86502],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[51,87288,87290],{"id":87289},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87292,87293],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[56,87295,87296],{"className":58,"code":86514,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,87297,87298,87340,87354],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,87299,87300,87302,87304,87306,87308,87310,87312,87314,87316,87318,87320,87322,87324,87326,87328,87330,87332,87334,87336,87338],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,87301,86521],{"class":1405},[65,87303,86524],{"class":164},[65,87305,168],{"class":79},[65,87307,84],{"class":83},[65,87309,86531],{"class":87},[65,87311,84],{"class":83},[65,87313,100],{"class":79},[65,87315,103],{"class":83},[65,87317,60431],{"class":87},[65,87319,84],{"class":83},[65,87321,100],{"class":79},[65,87323,86546],{"class":9326},[65,87325,76],{"class":75},[65,87327,84],{"class":83},[65,87329,86553],{"class":87},[65,87331,84],{"class":83},[65,87333,3813],{"class":79},[65,87335,47279],{"class":1405},[65,87337,86563],{"class":86562},[65,87339,1411],{"class":79},[65,87341,87342,87344,87346,87348,87350,87352],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,87343,86570],{"class":71},[65,87345,76],{"class":75},[65,87347,86563],{"class":86562},[65,87349,144],{"class":79},[65,87351,86579],{"class":147},[65,87353,151],{"class":79},[65,87355,87356,87358,87360,87362],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,87357,1431],{"class":164},[65,87359,168],{"class":79},[65,87361,86590],{"class":147},[65,87363,174],{"class":79},[20,87365,87366],{},"Why this is recommended:",[30,87368,87369,87374,87380,87383],{},[33,87370,87371,87373],{},[15,87372,86521],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[33,87375,87376,87377,87379],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87378,86657],{}," yourself",[33,87381,87382],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[33,87384,87385],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87387,83679,87388,87390],{},[15,87389,86521],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[56,87392,87393],{"className":58,"code":86662,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,87394,87395,87433,87447,87457],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,87396,87397,87399,87401,87403,87405,87407,87409,87411,87413,87415,87417,87419,87421,87423,87425,87427,87429,87431],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,87398,86669],{"class":86562},[65,87400,13405],{"class":75},[65,87402,86524],{"class":164},[65,87404,168],{"class":79},[65,87406,84],{"class":83},[65,87408,86531],{"class":87},[65,87410,84],{"class":83},[65,87412,100],{"class":79},[65,87414,103],{"class":83},[65,87416,60431],{"class":87},[65,87418,84],{"class":83},[65,87420,100],{"class":79},[65,87422,86546],{"class":9326},[65,87424,76],{"class":75},[65,87426,84],{"class":83},[65,87428,86553],{"class":87},[65,87430,84],{"class":83},[65,87432,174],{"class":79},[65,87434,87435,87437,87439,87441,87443,87445],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,87436,86708],{"class":71},[65,87438,76],{"class":75},[65,87440,86563],{"class":86562},[65,87442,144],{"class":79},[65,87444,86579],{"class":147},[65,87446,151],{"class":79},[65,87448,87449,87451,87453,87455],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,87450,165],{"class":164},[65,87452,168],{"class":79},[65,87454,86590],{"class":147},[65,87456,174],{"class":79},[65,87458,87459,87461,87463,87465],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,87460,86669],{"class":86562},[65,87462,144],{"class":79},[65,87464,86737],{"class":147},[65,87466,151],{"class":79},[20,87468,87469],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[51,87471,87473],{"id":87472},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87475,87476,87477,87479],{},"Use mode ",[15,87478,86600],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1059,87481,87483],{"id":87482},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87485,87486,87488],{},[15,87487,86637],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[56,87490,87491],{"className":58,"code":86514,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,87492,87493,87535,87549],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,87494,87495,87497,87499,87501,87503,87505,87507,87509,87511,87513,87515,87517,87519,87521,87523,87525,87527,87529,87531,87533],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,87496,86521],{"class":1405},[65,87498,86524],{"class":164},[65,87500,168],{"class":79},[65,87502,84],{"class":83},[65,87504,86531],{"class":87},[65,87506,84],{"class":83},[65,87508,100],{"class":79},[65,87510,103],{"class":83},[65,87512,60431],{"class":87},[65,87514,84],{"class":83},[65,87516,100],{"class":79},[65,87518,86546],{"class":9326},[65,87520,76],{"class":75},[65,87522,84],{"class":83},[65,87524,86553],{"class":87},[65,87526,84],{"class":83},[65,87528,3813],{"class":79},[65,87530,47279],{"class":1405},[65,87532,86563],{"class":86562},[65,87534,1411],{"class":79},[65,87536,87537,87539,87541,87543,87545,87547],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,87538,86570],{"class":71},[65,87540,76],{"class":75},[65,87542,86563],{"class":86562},[65,87544,144],{"class":79},[65,87546,86579],{"class":147},[65,87548,151],{"class":79},[65,87550,87551,87553,87555,87557],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,87552,1431],{"class":164},[65,87554,168],{"class":79},[65,87556,86590],{"class":147},[65,87558,174],{"class":79},[1059,87560,87562],{"id":87561},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87564,87565,87567],{},[15,87566,86642],{}," reads one line at a time.",[56,87569,87571],{"className":58,"code":87570,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87572,87573,87615,87631],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,87574,87575,87577,87579,87581,87583,87585,87587,87589,87591,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601,87603,87605,87607,87609,87611,87613],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,87576,86521],{"class":1405},[65,87578,86524],{"class":164},[65,87580,168],{"class":79},[65,87582,84],{"class":83},[65,87584,86531],{"class":87},[65,87586,84],{"class":83},[65,87588,100],{"class":79},[65,87590,103],{"class":83},[65,87592,60431],{"class":87},[65,87594,84],{"class":83},[65,87596,100],{"class":79},[65,87598,86546],{"class":9326},[65,87600,76],{"class":75},[65,87602,84],{"class":83},[65,87604,86553],{"class":87},[65,87606,84],{"class":83},[65,87608,3813],{"class":79},[65,87610,47279],{"class":1405},[65,87612,86563],{"class":86562},[65,87614,1411],{"class":79},[65,87616,87617,87620,87622,87624,87626,87629],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,87618,87619],{"class":71},"    first_line ",[65,87621,76],{"class":75},[65,87623,86563],{"class":86562},[65,87625,144],{"class":79},[65,87627,87628],{"class":147},"readline",[65,87630,151],{"class":79},[65,87632,87633,87635,87637,87640],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,87634,1431],{"class":164},[65,87636,168],{"class":79},[65,87638,87639],{"class":147},"first_line",[65,87641,174],{"class":79},[1059,87643,87645],{"id":87644},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87647,87648],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[56,87650,87652],{"className":58,"code":87651,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87653,87654,87696,87710],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,87655,87656,87658,87660,87662,87664,87666,87668,87670,87672,87674,87676,87678,87680,87682,87684,87686,87688,87690,87692,87694],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,87657,86521],{"class":1405},[65,87659,86524],{"class":164},[65,87661,168],{"class":79},[65,87663,84],{"class":83},[65,87665,86531],{"class":87},[65,87667,84],{"class":83},[65,87669,100],{"class":79},[65,87671,103],{"class":83},[65,87673,60431],{"class":87},[65,87675,84],{"class":83},[65,87677,100],{"class":79},[65,87679,86546],{"class":9326},[65,87681,76],{"class":75},[65,87683,84],{"class":83},[65,87685,86553],{"class":87},[65,87687,84],{"class":83},[65,87689,3813],{"class":79},[65,87691,47279],{"class":1405},[65,87693,86563],{"class":86562},[65,87695,1411],{"class":79},[65,87697,87698,87701,87704,87706,87708],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,87699,87700],{"class":1405},"    for",[65,87702,87703],{"class":71}," line ",[65,87705,4036],{"class":1405},[65,87707,86563],{"class":86562},[65,87709,1411],{"class":79},[65,87711,87712,87714,87716,87718,87720,87722],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,87713,47259],{"class":164},[65,87715,168],{"class":79},[65,87717,67],{"class":147},[65,87719,144],{"class":79},[65,87721,8785],{"class":147},[65,87723,980],{"class":79},[20,87725,87726,87727,3024,87731,144],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[88,87728,87730],{"href":87729},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[88,87732,87734],{"href":87733},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[51,87736,87738],{"id":87737},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87740,1309,87741,87743],{},[15,87742,86917],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[56,87745,87747],{"className":58,"code":87746,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87748,87749,87792,87813],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,87750,87751,87753,87755,87757,87759,87762,87764,87766,87768,87770,87772,87774,87776,87778,87780,87782,87784,87786,87788,87790],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,87752,86521],{"class":1405},[65,87754,86524],{"class":164},[65,87756,168],{"class":79},[65,87758,84],{"class":83},[65,87760,87761],{"class":87},"output.txt",[65,87763,84],{"class":83},[65,87765,100],{"class":79},[65,87767,103],{"class":83},[65,87769,60414],{"class":87},[65,87771,84],{"class":83},[65,87773,100],{"class":79},[65,87775,86546],{"class":9326},[65,87777,76],{"class":75},[65,87779,84],{"class":83},[65,87781,86553],{"class":87},[65,87783,84],{"class":83},[65,87785,3813],{"class":79},[65,87787,47279],{"class":1405},[65,87789,86563],{"class":86562},[65,87791,1411],{"class":79},[65,87793,87794,87796,87798,87800,87802,87804,87807,87809,87811],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,87795,87067],{"class":86562},[65,87797,144],{"class":79},[65,87799,70122],{"class":147},[65,87801,168],{"class":79},[65,87803,84],{"class":83},[65,87805,87806],{"class":87},"First line",[65,87808,87080],{"class":34365},[65,87810,84],{"class":83},[65,87812,174],{"class":79},[65,87814,87815,87817,87819,87821,87823,87825,87828,87830,87832],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,87816,87067],{"class":86562},[65,87818,144],{"class":79},[65,87820,70122],{"class":147},[65,87822,168],{"class":79},[65,87824,84],{"class":83},[65,87826,87827],{"class":87},"Second line",[65,87829,87080],{"class":34365},[65,87831,84],{"class":83},[65,87833,174],{"class":79},[20,87835,1309,87836,87838],{},[15,87837,18211],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[56,87840,87842],{"className":58,"code":87841,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87843,87844,87886],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,87845,87846,87848,87850,87852,87854,87856,87858,87860,87862,87864,87866,87868,87870,87872,87874,87876,87878,87880,87882,87884],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,87847,86521],{"class":1405},[65,87849,86524],{"class":164},[65,87851,168],{"class":79},[65,87853,84],{"class":83},[65,87855,87761],{"class":87},[65,87857,84],{"class":83},[65,87859,100],{"class":79},[65,87861,103],{"class":83},[65,87863,88],{"class":87},[65,87865,84],{"class":83},[65,87867,100],{"class":79},[65,87869,86546],{"class":9326},[65,87871,76],{"class":75},[65,87873,84],{"class":83},[65,87875,86553],{"class":87},[65,87877,84],{"class":83},[65,87879,3813],{"class":79},[65,87881,47279],{"class":1405},[65,87883,86563],{"class":86562},[65,87885,1411],{"class":79},[65,87887,87888,87890,87892,87894,87896,87898,87901,87903,87905],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,87889,87067],{"class":86562},[65,87891,144],{"class":79},[65,87893,70122],{"class":147},[65,87895,168],{"class":79},[65,87897,84],{"class":83},[65,87899,87900],{"class":87},"Third line",[65,87902,87080],{"class":34365},[65,87904,84],{"class":83},[65,87906,174],{"class":79},[20,87908,87909],{},"Important detail:",[30,87911,87912,87917,87924],{},[33,87913,87914,87916],{},[15,87915,86652],{}," writes a string",[33,87918,87919,14183,87921,87923],{},[15,87920,86652],{},[46,87922,1014],{}," add a newline for you",[33,87925,87926,87927,87379],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87928,87080],{},[20,87930,87931,87932,3024,87936,144],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[88,87933,87935],{"href":87934},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[88,87937,87939],{"href":87938},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[51,87941,87943],{"id":87942},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87945,87946],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1059,87948,87950],{"id":87949},"encodingutf-8",[15,87951,86897],{},[20,87953,87954],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[56,87956,87958],{"className":58,"code":87957,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87959,87960,88003],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,87961,87962,87964,87966,87968,87970,87973,87975,87977,87979,87981,87983,87985,87987,87989,87991,87993,87995,87997,87999,88001],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,87963,86521],{"class":1405},[65,87965,86524],{"class":164},[65,87967,168],{"class":79},[65,87969,84],{"class":83},[65,87971,87972],{"class":87},"message.txt",[65,87974,84],{"class":83},[65,87976,100],{"class":79},[65,87978,103],{"class":83},[65,87980,60431],{"class":87},[65,87982,84],{"class":83},[65,87984,100],{"class":79},[65,87986,86546],{"class":9326},[65,87988,76],{"class":75},[65,87990,84],{"class":83},[65,87992,86553],{"class":87},[65,87994,84],{"class":83},[65,87996,3813],{"class":79},[65,87998,47279],{"class":1405},[65,88000,86563],{"class":86562},[65,88002,1411],{"class":79},[65,88004,88005,88007,88009,88011,88013,88015],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,88006,1431],{"class":164},[65,88008,168],{"class":79},[65,88010,86669],{"class":86562},[65,88012,144],{"class":79},[65,88014,86579],{"class":147},[65,88016,980],{"class":79},[20,88018,88019],{},"Why it matters:",[30,88021,88022,88025,88028],{},[33,88023,88024],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[33,88026,88027],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[33,88029,88030],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1059,88032,88034],{"id":88033},"newline",[15,88035,88033],{},[20,88037,88038],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88040,88041],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1059,88043,88045],{"id":88044},"buffering",[15,88046,88044],{},[20,88048,88049],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88051,88052],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[51,88054,88056],{"id":88055},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88058,88059],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1059,88061,88063],{"id":88062},"filenotfounderror",[15,88064,88065],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88067,88068],{},"This happens when:",[30,88070,88071,88074,88077],{},[33,88072,88073],{},"the file does not exist",[33,88075,88076],{},"the path is wrong",[33,88078,88079],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88081,350],{},[56,88083,88085],{"className":58,"code":88084,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88086,88087,88130],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88088,88089,88091,88093,88095,88097,88100,88102,88104,88106,88108,88110,88112,88114,88116,88118,88120,88122,88124,88126,88128],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88090,86521],{"class":1405},[65,88092,86524],{"class":164},[65,88094,168],{"class":79},[65,88096,84],{"class":83},[65,88098,88099],{"class":87},"missing.txt",[65,88101,84],{"class":83},[65,88103,100],{"class":79},[65,88105,103],{"class":83},[65,88107,60431],{"class":87},[65,88109,84],{"class":83},[65,88111,100],{"class":79},[65,88113,86546],{"class":9326},[65,88115,76],{"class":75},[65,88117,84],{"class":83},[65,88119,86553],{"class":87},[65,88121,84],{"class":83},[65,88123,3813],{"class":79},[65,88125,47279],{"class":1405},[65,88127,86563],{"class":86562},[65,88129,1411],{"class":79},[65,88131,88132,88134,88136,88138,88140,88142],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,88133,1431],{"class":164},[65,88135,168],{"class":79},[65,88137,86669],{"class":86562},[65,88139,144],{"class":79},[65,88141,86579],{"class":147},[65,88143,980],{"class":79},[20,88145,88146,88147,1048,88155,144],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[88,88148,88150,88151,88154],{"href":88149},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[65,88152,88153],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[88,88156,88158],{"href":88157},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1059,88160,88162],{"id":88161},"permissionerror",[15,88163,88164],{},"PermissionError",[20,88166,88167],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88169,88170],{},"Example causes:",[30,88172,88173,88176,88179],{},[33,88174,88175],{},"the file is protected",[33,88177,88178],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[33,88180,88181],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88183,88184,88185],{},"Related page: ",[88,88186,88188,88189,88192],{"href":88187},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[65,88190,88191],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1059,88194,88196],{"id":88195},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88197,88198],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88200,88201],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88203,350],{},[56,88205,88207],{"className":58,"code":88206,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88208,88209,88252],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88210,88211,88213,88215,88217,88219,88222,88224,88226,88228,88230,88232,88234,88236,88238,88240,88242,88244,88246,88248,88250],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88212,86521],{"class":1405},[65,88214,86524],{"class":164},[65,88216,168],{"class":79},[65,88218,84],{"class":83},[65,88220,88221],{"class":87},"my_folder",[65,88223,84],{"class":83},[65,88225,100],{"class":79},[65,88227,103],{"class":83},[65,88229,60431],{"class":87},[65,88231,84],{"class":83},[65,88233,100],{"class":79},[65,88235,86546],{"class":9326},[65,88237,76],{"class":75},[65,88239,84],{"class":83},[65,88241,86553],{"class":87},[65,88243,84],{"class":83},[65,88245,3813],{"class":79},[65,88247,47279],{"class":1405},[65,88249,86563],{"class":86562},[65,88251,1411],{"class":79},[65,88253,88254,88256,88258,88260,88262,88264],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,88255,1431],{"class":164},[65,88257,168],{"class":79},[65,88259,86669],{"class":86562},[65,88261,144],{"class":79},[65,88263,86579],{"class":147},[65,88265,980],{"class":79},[20,88267,88184,88268],{},[88,88269,88271,88272,88275],{"href":88270},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[65,88273,88274],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1059,88277,88279],{"id":88278},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88280,88281],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88283,88284,88285,144],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88286,86502],{},[20,88288,88184,88289],{},[88,88290,88292],{"href":88291},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[51,88294,88296],{"id":88295},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88298,88299,88300,88302],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88301,86502],{}," function.",[20,88304,88305],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[30,88307,88308,88311,88314,88320],{},[33,88309,88310],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[33,88312,88313],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[33,88315,88316,88317,88319],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88318,86502],{}," itself",[33,88321,88322,88323],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[88,88324,88326],{"href":88325},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[51,88328,1766],{"id":1765},[20,88330,88331,88332,93],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88333,86502],{},[30,88335,88336,88341,88347,88352,88355,88358],{},[33,88337,8569,88338,88340],{},[15,88339,86600],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[33,88342,88343,88344,88346],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88345,86801],{}," for text files",[33,88348,8569,88349,88351],{},[15,88350,86917],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[33,88353,88354],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[33,88356,88357],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[33,88359,88360],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88362,88363],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[56,88365,88367],{"className":58,"code":88366,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88368,88369,88376],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88370,88371,88373],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88372,35004],{"class":1405},[65,88374,88375],{"class":71}," os\n",[65,88377,88378,88380,88382,88384,88386,88389],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,88379,165],{"class":164},[65,88381,168],{"class":79},[65,88383,42545],{"class":147},[65,88385,144],{"class":79},[65,88387,88388],{"class":147},"getcwd",[65,88390,980],{"class":79},[20,88392,88393],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[56,88395,88397],{"className":58,"code":88396,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88398,88399,88405],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88400,88401,88403],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88402,35004],{"class":1405},[65,88404,88375],{"class":71},[65,88406,88407,88409,88411,88413,88415,88418,88420,88423,88425,88427,88429,88431],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,88408,165],{"class":164},[65,88410,168],{"class":79},[65,88412,42545],{"class":147},[65,88414,144],{"class":79},[65,88416,88417],{"class":24857},"path",[65,88419,144],{"class":79},[65,88421,88422],{"class":147},"exists",[65,88424,168],{"class":79},[65,88426,84],{"class":83},[65,88428,86531],{"class":87},[65,88430,84],{"class":83},[65,88432,1870],{"class":79},[20,88434,88435],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[56,88437,88439],{"className":58,"code":88438,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88440,88441,88447],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88442,88443,88445],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88444,35004],{"class":1405},[65,88446,88375],{"class":71},[65,88448,88449,88451,88453,88455,88457,88459,88461,88464,88466,88468,88470,88472],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,88450,165],{"class":164},[65,88452,168],{"class":79},[65,88454,42545],{"class":147},[65,88456,144],{"class":79},[65,88458,88417],{"class":24857},[65,88460,144],{"class":79},[65,88462,88463],{"class":147},"isfile",[65,88465,168],{"class":79},[65,88467,84],{"class":83},[65,88469,86531],{"class":87},[65,88471,84],{"class":83},[65,88473,1870],{"class":79},[20,88475,88476],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[56,88478,88480],{"className":58,"code":88479,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88481,88482,88524],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88483,88484,88486,88488,88490,88492,88494,88496,88498,88500,88502,88504,88506,88508,88510,88512,88514,88516,88518,88520,88522],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88485,86521],{"class":1405},[65,88487,86524],{"class":164},[65,88489,168],{"class":79},[65,88491,84],{"class":83},[65,88493,86531],{"class":87},[65,88495,84],{"class":83},[65,88497,100],{"class":79},[65,88499,103],{"class":83},[65,88501,60431],{"class":87},[65,88503,84],{"class":83},[65,88505,100],{"class":79},[65,88507,86546],{"class":9326},[65,88509,76],{"class":75},[65,88511,84],{"class":83},[65,88513,86553],{"class":87},[65,88515,84],{"class":83},[65,88517,3813],{"class":79},[65,88519,47279],{"class":1405},[65,88521,86563],{"class":86562},[65,88523,1411],{"class":79},[65,88525,88526,88528,88530,88532,88534,88536],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,88527,1431],{"class":164},[65,88529,168],{"class":79},[65,88531,86669],{"class":86562},[65,88533,144],{"class":79},[65,88535,86579],{"class":147},[65,88537,980],{"class":79},[20,88539,88540],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[51,88542,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,88544,88546],{"id":88545},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88548,88549],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1059,88551,88553],{"id":88552},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88555,88556,88557,88559],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88558,86521],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1059,88561,5330,88563,1048,88565,88567],{"id":88562},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88564,86917],{},[15,88566,18211],{}," mode?",[20,88569,88570,88572,88573,88575],{},[15,88571,86917],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88574,18211],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1059,88577,88579],{"id":88578},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88581,88582],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1059,88584,88586],{"id":88585},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88588,88589,88590,88592],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88591,86897],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[51,88594,2015],{"id":2014},[30,88596,88597,88601,88605,88609,88613,88617,88621,88627],{},[33,88598,88599],{},[88,88600,87730],{"href":87729},[33,88602,88603],{},[88,88604,87935],{"href":87934},[33,88606,88607],{},[88,88608,87939],{"href":87938},[33,88610,88611],{},[88,88612,87734],{"href":87733},[33,88614,88615],{},[88,88616,88326],{"href":88325},[33,88618,88619],{},[88,88620,88158],{"href":88157},[33,88622,88623],{},[88,88624,88150,88625,88154],{"href":88149},[65,88626,88153],{},[33,88628,88629],{},[88,88630,88188,88631,88192],{"href":88187},[65,88632,88191],{},[2071,88634,88635],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":88637},[88638,88639,88640,88641,88642,88643,88644,88649,88650,88655,88661,88662,88663,88671],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":86604,"depth":133,"text":86605},{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":86901,"depth":133,"text":86902},{"id":87165,"depth":133,"text":87166},{"id":87289,"depth":133,"text":87290},{"id":87472,"depth":133,"text":87473,"children":88645},[88646,88647,88648],{"id":87482,"depth":154,"text":87483},{"id":87561,"depth":154,"text":87562},{"id":87644,"depth":154,"text":87645},{"id":87737,"depth":133,"text":87738},{"id":87942,"depth":133,"text":87943,"children":88651},[88652,88653,88654],{"id":87949,"depth":154,"text":86897},{"id":88033,"depth":154,"text":88033},{"id":88044,"depth":154,"text":88044},{"id":88055,"depth":133,"text":88056,"children":88656},[88657,88658,88659,88660],{"id":88062,"depth":154,"text":88065},{"id":88161,"depth":154,"text":88164},{"id":88195,"depth":154,"text":88198},{"id":88278,"depth":154,"text":88281},{"id":88295,"depth":133,"text":88296},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":88664},[88665,88666,88667,88669,88670],{"id":88545,"depth":154,"text":88546},{"id":88552,"depth":154,"text":88553},{"id":88562,"depth":154,"text":88668},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88578,"depth":154,"text":88579},{"id":88585,"depth":154,"text":88586},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86492,"description":88672},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88679,"title":88680,"body":88681,"description":90676,"extension":2111,"meta":90677,"navigation":157,"path":90678,"seo":90679,"stem":90680,"__hash__":90681},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88682,"toc":90623},[88683,88688,88693,88699,88701,88769,88771,88790,88795,88800,88805,88808,88820,88822,88865,88867,88885,88896,88898,88900,88925,88927,88938,88940,89000,89002,89028,89031,89035,89040,89044,89047,89081,89085,89088,89113,89117,89140,89144,89177,89182,89186,89191,89194,89262,89264,89288,89293,89296,89327,89329,89361,89378,89382,89387,89411,89418,89423,89428,89431,89435,89470,89472,89481,89485,89576,89578,89609,89614,89621,89626,89635,89638,89672,89674,89688,89692,89733,89735,89744,89748,89796,89798,89812,89817,89828,89835,89841,89843,89878,89880,89894,89897,89919,89925,89954,89965,89971,89977,89991,89993,90072,90074,90124,90131,90133,90138,90142,90145,90160,90165,90167,90186,90192,90195,90210,90212,90230,90236,90241,90271,90274,90297,90300,90327,90334,90340,90348,90371,90376,90384,90386,90406,90410,90416,90466,90469,90491,90493,90499,90507,90513,90519,90527,90532,90536,90539,90562,90567,90574,90586,90588,90620],[10,88684,3724,88686,3728],{"id":88685},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88687,46373],{},[20,88689,32228,88690,88692],{},[15,88691,46373],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88694,88695,88696,88698],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88697,46373],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[51,88700,54],{"id":53},[56,88702,88704],{"className":58,"code":88703,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88705,88706,88718,88727,88731,88741,88751],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88707,88708,88710,88712,88714,88716],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88709,8027],{"class":71},[65,88711,76],{"class":75},[65,88713,103],{"class":83},[65,88715,8072],{"class":87},[65,88717,1650],{"class":83},[65,88719,88720,88722,88724],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,88721,21741],{"class":71},[65,88723,76],{"class":75},[65,88725,88726],{"class":96}," 12\n",[65,88728,88729],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,88730,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,88732,88733,88735,88737,88739],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,88734,165],{"class":164},[65,88736,168],{"class":79},[65,88738,369],{"class":147},[65,88740,174],{"class":79},[65,88742,88743,88745,88747,88749],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,88744,165],{"class":164},[65,88746,168],{"class":79},[65,88748,387],{"class":147},[65,88750,174],{"class":79},[65,88752,88753,88755,88757,88759,88761,88763,88765,88767],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,88754,165],{"class":164},[65,88756,168],{"class":79},[65,88758,84],{"class":83},[65,88760,34780],{"class":87},[65,88762,84],{"class":83},[65,88764,100],{"class":79},[65,88766,35906],{"class":147},[65,88768,174],{"class":79},[20,88770,191],{},[56,88772,88774],{"className":58,"code":88773,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88775,88776,88781,88785],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88777,88778],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88779,88780],{"class":71},"Mia\n",[65,88782,88783],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,88784,2371],{"class":96},[65,88786,88787],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,88788,88789],{"class":71},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88791,1309,88792,88794],{},[15,88793,46373],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[51,88796,252,88798,255],{"id":88797},"what-print-does",[15,88799,46373],{},[20,88801,88802,88804],{},[15,88803,46373],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88806,88807],{},"You can use it to display:",[30,88809,88810,88812,88814,88817],{},[33,88811,34621],{},[33,88813,3800],{},[33,88815,88816],{},"variables",[33,88818,88819],{},"expressions",[20,88821,350],{},[56,88823,88825],{"className":58,"code":88824,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88826,88827,88841,88851],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88828,88829,88831,88833,88835,88837,88839],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88830,165],{"class":164},[65,88832,168],{"class":79},[65,88834,84],{"class":83},[65,88836,34780],{"class":87},[65,88838,84],{"class":83},[65,88840,174],{"class":79},[65,88842,88843,88845,88847,88849],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,88844,165],{"class":164},[65,88846,168],{"class":79},[65,88848,2284],{"class":96},[65,88850,174],{"class":79},[65,88852,88853,88855,88857,88859,88861,88863],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,88854,165],{"class":164},[65,88856,168],{"class":79},[65,88858,2204],{"class":96},[65,88860,2599],{"class":75},[65,88862,127],{"class":96},[65,88864,174],{"class":79},[20,88866,191],{},[56,88868,88870],{"className":58,"code":88869,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88871,88872,88877,88881],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88873,88874],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88875,88876],{"class":71},"Hello\n",[65,88878,88879],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,88880,3093],{"class":96},[65,88882,88883],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,88884,3093],{"class":96},[20,88886,88887,88888,88890,88891,88895],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88889,46373],{}," ",[46,88892,1073,88893],{},[15,88894,3930],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[51,88897,283],{"id":282},[20,88899,30635],{},[56,88901,88903],{"className":58,"code":88902,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88904,88905],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88906,88907,88909,88911,88914,88916,88919,88921,88923],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88908,165],{"class":164},[65,88910,168],{"class":79},[65,88912,88913],{"class":147},"object1",[65,88915,100],{"class":79},[65,88917,88918],{"class":147}," object2",[65,88920,100],{"class":79},[65,88922,34366],{"class":164},[65,88924,174],{"class":79},[20,88926,80130],{},[30,88928,88929,88932,88935],{},[33,88930,88931],{},"one value",[33,88933,88934],{},"many values",[33,88936,88937],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88939,350],{},[56,88941,88943],{"className":58,"code":88942,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88944,88945,88959,88978],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,88946,88947,88949,88951,88953,88955,88957],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,88948,165],{"class":164},[65,88950,168],{"class":79},[65,88952,84],{"class":83},[65,88954,57693],{"class":87},[65,88956,84],{"class":83},[65,88958,174],{"class":79},[65,88960,88961,88963,88965,88967,88970,88972,88974,88976],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,88962,165],{"class":164},[65,88964,168],{"class":79},[65,88966,84],{"class":83},[65,88968,88969],{"class":87},"Score:",[65,88971,84],{"class":83},[65,88973,100],{"class":79},[65,88975,6157],{"class":96},[65,88977,174],{"class":79},[65,88979,88980,88982,88984,88986,88988,88990,88992,88994,88996,88998],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,88981,165],{"class":164},[65,88983,168],{"class":79},[65,88985,84],{"class":83},[65,88987,45484],{"class":87},[65,88989,84],{"class":83},[65,88991,100],{"class":79},[65,88993,2602],{"class":96},[65,88995,2599],{"class":75},[65,88997,37560],{"class":96},[65,88999,174],{"class":79},[20,89001,191],{},[56,89003,89005],{"className":58,"code":89004,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89006,89007,89011,89020],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89008,89009],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89010,85283],{"class":71},[65,89012,89013,89016,89018],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,89014,89015],{"class":71},"Score",[65,89017,93],{"class":79},[65,89019,2733],{"class":96},[65,89021,89022,89024,89026],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,89023,45524],{"class":71},[65,89025,93],{"class":79},[65,89027,2733],{"class":96},[20,89029,89030],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[51,89032,89034],{"id":89033},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89036,89037,89038,144],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89039,46373],{},[1059,89041,89043],{"id":89042},"print-text","Print text",[20,89045,89046],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[56,89048,89050],{"className":58,"code":89049,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89051,89052,89066],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89053,89054,89056,89058,89060,89062,89064],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89055,165],{"class":164},[65,89057,168],{"class":79},[65,89059,84],{"class":83},[65,89061,34780],{"class":87},[65,89063,84],{"class":83},[65,89065,174],{"class":79},[65,89067,89068,89070,89072,89074,89077,89079],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,89069,165],{"class":164},[65,89071,168],{"class":79},[65,89073,84],{"class":83},[65,89075,89076],{"class":87},"Python is fun",[65,89078,84],{"class":83},[65,89080,174],{"class":79},[1059,89082,89084],{"id":89083},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89086,89087],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[56,89089,89091],{"className":58,"code":89090,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89092,89093,89103],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89094,89095,89097,89099,89101],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89096,165],{"class":164},[65,89098,168],{"class":79},[65,89100,2284],{"class":96},[65,89102,174],{"class":79},[65,89104,89105,89107,89109,89111],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,89106,165],{"class":164},[65,89108,168],{"class":79},[65,89110,40061],{"class":96},[65,89112,174],{"class":79},[1059,89114,89116],{"id":89115},"print-variables","Print variables",[56,89118,89120],{"className":58,"code":89119,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89121,89122,89130],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89123,89124,89126,89128],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89125,5248],{"class":71},[65,89127,76],{"class":75},[65,89129,14260],{"class":96},[65,89131,89132,89134,89136,89138],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,89133,165],{"class":164},[65,89135,168],{"class":79},[65,89137,85447],{"class":147},[65,89139,174],{"class":79},[1059,89141,89143],{"id":89142},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[56,89145,89147],{"className":58,"code":89146,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89148,89149,89163],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89150,89151,89153,89155,89157,89159,89161],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89152,165],{"class":164},[65,89154,168],{"class":79},[65,89156,2204],{"class":96},[65,89158,2599],{"class":75},[65,89160,127],{"class":96},[65,89162,174],{"class":79},[65,89164,89165,89167,89169,89171,89173,89175],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,89166,165],{"class":164},[65,89168,168],{"class":79},[65,89170,2476],{"class":96},[65,89172,82759],{"class":75},[65,89174,2602],{"class":96},[65,89176,174],{"class":79},[20,89178,89179,89180,144],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[88,89181,50899],{"href":50898},[51,89183,89185],{"id":89184},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89187,89188,89190],{},[15,89189,46373],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89192,89193],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[56,89195,89197],{"className":58,"code":89196,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89198,89199,89212,89220,89224,89243],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89200,89201,89203,89205,89207,89210],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89202,8027],{"class":71},[65,89204,76],{"class":75},[65,89206,103],{"class":83},[65,89208,89209],{"class":87},"Ava",[65,89211,1650],{"class":83},[65,89213,89214,89216,89218],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,89215,21741],{"class":71},[65,89217,76],{"class":75},[65,89219,2733],{"class":96},[65,89221,89222],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,89223,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,89225,89226,89228,89230,89232,89235,89237,89239,89241],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,89227,165],{"class":164},[65,89229,168],{"class":79},[65,89231,84],{"class":83},[65,89233,89234],{"class":87},"Name:",[65,89236,84],{"class":83},[65,89238,100],{"class":79},[65,89240,35906],{"class":147},[65,89242,174],{"class":79},[65,89244,89245,89247,89249,89251,89254,89256,89258,89260],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,89246,165],{"class":164},[65,89248,168],{"class":79},[65,89250,84],{"class":83},[65,89252,89253],{"class":87},"Age:",[65,89255,84],{"class":83},[65,89257,100],{"class":79},[65,89259,9339],{"class":147},[65,89261,174],{"class":79},[20,89263,191],{},[56,89265,89267],{"className":58,"code":89266,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89268,89269,89279],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89270,89271,89274,89276],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89272,89273],{"class":71},"Name",[65,89275,93],{"class":79},[65,89277,89278],{"class":71}," Ava\n",[65,89280,89281,89284,89286],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,89282,89283],{"class":71},"Age",[65,89285,93],{"class":79},[65,89287,2733],{"class":96},[20,89289,89290,89291,144],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89292,2207],{},[20,89294,89295],{},"For example, this works:",[56,89297,89299],{"className":58,"code":89298,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89300,89301,89309],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89302,89303,89305,89307],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89304,21741],{"class":71},[65,89306,76],{"class":75},[65,89308,2733],{"class":96},[65,89310,89311,89313,89315,89317,89319,89321,89323,89325],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,89312,165],{"class":164},[65,89314,168],{"class":79},[65,89316,84],{"class":83},[65,89318,89253],{"class":87},[65,89320,84],{"class":83},[65,89322,100],{"class":79},[65,89324,9339],{"class":147},[65,89326,174],{"class":79},[20,89328,36842],{},[56,89330,89332],{"className":58,"code":89331,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89333,89334,89342],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89335,89336,89338,89340],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89337,21741],{"class":71},[65,89339,76],{"class":75},[65,89341,2733],{"class":96},[65,89343,89344,89346,89348,89350,89353,89355,89357,89359],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,89345,165],{"class":164},[65,89347,168],{"class":79},[65,89349,84],{"class":83},[65,89351,89352],{"class":87},"Age: ",[65,89354,84],{"class":83},[65,89356,2599],{"class":75},[65,89358,9339],{"class":147},[65,89360,174],{"class":79},[20,89362,89363,89364,89367,89368,89370,89371,89373,89374,144],{},"That fails because ",[15,89365,89366],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89369,387],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89372,2207],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[88,89375,89376],{"href":42094},[15,89377,47605],{},[51,89379,89381],{"id":89380},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89383,89384,89386],{},[15,89385,46373],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[30,89388,89389,89395,89400,89405],{},[33,89390,89391,89394],{},[15,89392,89393],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[33,89396,89397,89399],{},[15,89398,52584],{}," controls what is added after the output",[33,89401,89402,89404],{},[15,89403,86669],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[33,89406,89407,89410],{},[15,89408,89409],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89412,89413,89414,1048,89416,144],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89415,89393],{},[15,89417,52584],{},[51,89419,89421,36531],{"id":89420},"sep-argument",[15,89422,89393],{},[20,89424,22,89425,89427],{},[15,89426,89393],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89429,89430],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1059,89432,89434],{"id":89433},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[56,89436,89438],{"className":58,"code":89437,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89439,89440],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89441,89442,89444,89446,89448,89450,89452,89454,89456,89458,89460,89462,89464,89466,89468],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89443,165],{"class":164},[65,89445,168],{"class":79},[65,89447,84],{"class":83},[65,89449,13223],{"class":87},[65,89451,84],{"class":83},[65,89453,100],{"class":79},[65,89455,103],{"class":83},[65,89457,17570],{"class":87},[65,89459,84],{"class":83},[65,89461,100],{"class":79},[65,89463,103],{"class":83},[65,89465,13240],{"class":87},[65,89467,84],{"class":83},[65,89469,174],{"class":79},[20,89471,191],{},[56,89473,89475],{"className":58,"code":89474,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"red green blue\n",[15,89476,89477],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89478,89479],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89480,89474],{"class":71},[1059,89482,89484],{"id":89483},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[56,89486,89488],{"className":58,"code":89487,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89489,89490,89533],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89491,89492,89494,89496,89498,89500,89502,89504,89506,89508,89510,89512,89514,89516,89518,89520,89523,89525,89527,89529,89531],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89493,165],{"class":164},[65,89495,168],{"class":79},[65,89497,84],{"class":83},[65,89499,13223],{"class":87},[65,89501,84],{"class":83},[65,89503,100],{"class":79},[65,89505,103],{"class":83},[65,89507,17570],{"class":87},[65,89509,84],{"class":83},[65,89511,100],{"class":79},[65,89513,103],{"class":83},[65,89515,13240],{"class":87},[65,89517,84],{"class":83},[65,89519,100],{"class":79},[65,89521,89522],{"class":9326}," sep",[65,89524,76],{"class":75},[65,89526,84],{"class":83},[65,89528,100],{"class":87},[65,89530,84],{"class":83},[65,89532,174],{"class":79},[65,89534,89535,89537,89539,89541,89543,89545,89547,89549,89551,89553,89555,89557,89559,89561,89563,89565,89567,89569,89572,89574],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,89536,165],{"class":164},[65,89538,168],{"class":79},[65,89540,84],{"class":83},[65,89542,13223],{"class":87},[65,89544,84],{"class":83},[65,89546,100],{"class":79},[65,89548,103],{"class":83},[65,89550,17570],{"class":87},[65,89552,84],{"class":83},[65,89554,100],{"class":79},[65,89556,103],{"class":83},[65,89558,13240],{"class":87},[65,89560,84],{"class":83},[65,89562,100],{"class":79},[65,89564,89522],{"class":9326},[65,89566,76],{"class":75},[65,89568,84],{"class":83},[65,89570,89571],{"class":87}," - ",[65,89573,84],{"class":83},[65,89575,174],{"class":79},[20,89577,191],{},[56,89579,89581],{"className":58,"code":89580,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89582,89583,89595],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89584,89585,89587,89589,89591,89593],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89586,13223],{"class":71},[65,89588,100],{"class":79},[65,89590,17570],{"class":71},[65,89592,100],{"class":79},[65,89594,69908],{"class":71},[65,89596,89597,89600,89602,89605,89607],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,89598,89599],{"class":71},"red ",[65,89601,2169],{"class":75},[65,89603,89604],{"class":71}," green ",[65,89606,2169],{"class":75},[65,89608,35795],{"class":71},[20,89610,89611,89613],{},[15,89612,89393],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89615,89616,89617,144],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[88,89618,89620],{"href":89619},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[51,89622,89624,36531],{"id":89623},"end-argument",[15,89625,52584],{},[20,89627,89628,89629,89631,89632,89634],{},"By default, ",[15,89630,46373],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89633,46373],{}," starts on a new line.",[1059,89636,89434],{"id":89637},"default-behavior-1",[56,89639,89641],{"className":58,"code":89640,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89642,89643,89657],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89644,89645,89647,89649,89651,89653,89655],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89646,165],{"class":164},[65,89648,168],{"class":79},[65,89650,84],{"class":83},[65,89652,34780],{"class":87},[65,89654,84],{"class":83},[65,89656,174],{"class":79},[65,89658,89659,89661,89663,89665,89668,89670],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,89660,165],{"class":164},[65,89662,168],{"class":79},[65,89664,84],{"class":83},[65,89666,89667],{"class":87},"World",[65,89669,84],{"class":83},[65,89671,174],{"class":79},[20,89673,191],{},[56,89675,89677],{"className":58,"code":89676,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89678,89679,89683],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89680,89681],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89682,88876],{"class":71},[65,89684,89685],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,89686,89687],{"class":71},"World\n",[1059,89689,89691],{"id":89690},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[56,89693,89695],{"className":58,"code":89694,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89696,89697,89719],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89698,89699,89701,89703,89705,89707,89709,89711,89713,89715,89717],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89700,165],{"class":164},[65,89702,168],{"class":79},[65,89704,84],{"class":83},[65,89706,34780],{"class":87},[65,89708,84],{"class":83},[65,89710,100],{"class":79},[65,89712,64967],{"class":9326},[65,89714,76],{"class":75},[65,89716,6425],{"class":83},[65,89718,174],{"class":79},[65,89720,89721,89723,89725,89727,89729,89731],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,89722,165],{"class":164},[65,89724,168],{"class":79},[65,89726,84],{"class":83},[65,89728,89667],{"class":87},[65,89730,84],{"class":83},[65,89732,174],{"class":79},[20,89734,191],{},[56,89736,89738],{"className":58,"code":89737,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89739,89740],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89741,89742],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89743,89737],{"class":71},[1059,89745,89747],{"id":89746},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[56,89749,89751],{"className":58,"code":89750,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89752,89753,89782],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89754,89755,89757,89759,89761,89763,89765,89767,89769,89771,89773,89776,89778,89780],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89756,165],{"class":164},[65,89758,168],{"class":79},[65,89760,84],{"class":83},[65,89762,34780],{"class":87},[65,89764,84],{"class":83},[65,89766,100],{"class":79},[65,89768,64967],{"class":9326},[65,89770,76],{"class":75},[65,89772,84],{"class":83},[65,89774,89775],{"class":87},"!",[65,89777,87080],{"class":34365},[65,89779,84],{"class":83},[65,89781,174],{"class":79},[65,89783,89784,89786,89788,89790,89792,89794],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,89785,165],{"class":164},[65,89787,168],{"class":79},[65,89789,84],{"class":83},[65,89791,89667],{"class":87},[65,89793,84],{"class":83},[65,89795,174],{"class":79},[20,89797,191],{},[56,89799,89801],{"className":58,"code":89800,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89802,89803,89808],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89804,89805],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89806,89807],{"class":71},"Hello!\n",[65,89809,89810],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,89811,89687],{"class":71},[20,89813,22,89814,89816],{},[15,89815,52584],{}," argument is useful for:",[30,89818,89819,89822,89825],{},[33,89820,89821],{},"progress messages",[33,89823,89824],{},"inline output",[33,89826,89827],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[51,89829,89831,2543,89833],{"id":89830},"print-returns-none",[15,89832,46373],{},[15,89834,3930],{},[20,89836,89837,89838,89840],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89839,46373],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89842,350],{},[56,89844,89846],{"className":58,"code":89845,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89847,89848,89868],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89849,89850,89852,89854,89857,89859,89861,89864,89866],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89851,401],{"class":71},[65,89853,76],{"class":75},[65,89855,89856],{"class":164}," print",[65,89858,168],{"class":79},[65,89860,84],{"class":83},[65,89862,89863],{"class":87},"Hi",[65,89865,84],{"class":83},[65,89867,174],{"class":79},[65,89869,89870,89872,89874,89876],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,89871,165],{"class":164},[65,89873,168],{"class":79},[65,89875,425],{"class":147},[65,89877,174],{"class":79},[20,89879,191],{},[56,89881,89883],{"className":58,"code":89882,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89884,89885,89890],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89886,89887],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89888,89889],{"class":71},"Hi\n",[65,89891,89892],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,89893,11943],{"class":4005},[20,89895,89896],{},"Why does this happen?",[30,89898,89899,89907,89912],{},[33,89900,89901,89904,89905],{},[15,89902,89903],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89906,89863],{},[33,89908,89909,89910],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89911,3930],{},[33,89913,89914,89915,12055,89917],{},"so ",[15,89916,425],{},[15,89918,3930],{},[20,89920,89921,89922,89924],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89923,46373],{}," call.",[56,89926,89928],{"className":58,"code":89927,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89929,89930,89943],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89931,89932,89935,89937,89939,89941],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,89933,89934],{"class":71},"message ",[65,89936,76],{"class":75},[65,89938,103],{"class":83},[65,89940,89863],{"class":87},[65,89942,1650],{"class":83},[65,89944,89945,89947,89949,89952],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,89946,165],{"class":164},[65,89948,168],{"class":79},[65,89950,89951],{"class":147},"message",[65,89953,174],{"class":79},[20,89955,89956,89957,89959,89960,89964],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89958,46373],{}," with functions like ",[88,89961,89962],{"href":8370},[15,89963,3104],{},", which do return a value.",[51,89966,89968,89969],{"id":89967},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89970,46373],{},[20,89972,89973,89974,89976],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89975,46373],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[30,89978,89979,89982,89985,89988],{},[33,89980,89981],{},"to display results to the user",[33,89983,89984],{},"to show messages in a script",[33,89986,89987],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[33,89989,89990],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89992,350],{},[56,89994,89996],{"className":58,"code":89995,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89997,89998,90006,90010,90030,90041],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,89999,90000,90002,90004],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90001,41101],{"class":71},[65,90003,76],{"class":75},[65,90005,38430],{"class":96},[65,90007,90008],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,90009,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,90011,90012,90014,90016,90018,90020,90022,90024,90026,90028],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,90013,6110],{"class":1405},[65,90015,6540],{"class":71},[65,90017,4036],{"class":1405},[65,90019,53994],{"class":164},[65,90021,168],{"class":79},[65,90023,3135],{"class":96},[65,90025,100],{"class":79},[65,90027,2602],{"class":96},[65,90029,8493],{"class":79},[65,90031,90032,90035,90038],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,90033,90034],{"class":71},"    total ",[65,90036,90037],{"class":75},"+=",[65,90039,90040],{"class":71}," number\n",[65,90042,90043,90045,90047,90049,90052,90054,90056,90058,90060,90062,90064,90066,90068,90070],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,90044,1431],{"class":164},[65,90046,168],{"class":79},[65,90048,84],{"class":83},[65,90050,90051],{"class":87},"Current number:",[65,90053,84],{"class":83},[65,90055,100],{"class":79},[65,90057,2343],{"class":147},[65,90059,100],{"class":79},[65,90061,103],{"class":83},[65,90063,45484],{"class":87},[65,90065,84],{"class":83},[65,90067,100],{"class":79},[65,90069,45491],{"class":147},[65,90071,174],{"class":79},[20,90073,191],{},[56,90075,90077],{"className":58,"code":90076,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90078,90079,90095,90109],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90080,90081,90084,90086,90088,90091,90093],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90082,90083],{"class":71},"Current number",[65,90085,93],{"class":79},[65,90087,97],{"class":96},[65,90089,90090],{"class":71}," Total",[65,90092,93],{"class":79},[65,90094,1290],{"class":96},[65,90096,90097,90099,90101,90103,90105,90107],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,90098,90083],{"class":71},[65,90100,93],{"class":79},[65,90102,113],{"class":96},[65,90104,90090],{"class":71},[65,90106,93],{"class":79},[65,90108,2723],{"class":96},[65,90110,90111,90113,90115,90117,90119,90121],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,90112,90083],{"class":71},[65,90114,93],{"class":79},[65,90116,127],{"class":96},[65,90118,90090],{"class":71},[65,90120,93],{"class":79},[65,90122,90123],{"class":96}," 6\n",[20,90125,90126,90127,144],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[88,90128,90130],{"href":90129},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[51,90132,1766],{"id":1765},[20,90134,90135,90136,144],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90137,46373],{},[1059,90139,90141],{"id":90140},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90143,90144],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[56,90146,90148],{"className":58,"code":90147,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90149,90150],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90151,90152,90154,90156,90158],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90153,165],{"class":164},[65,90155,168],{"class":79},[65,90157,34780],{"class":147},[65,90159,174],{"class":79},[20,90161,9026,90162,90164],{},[15,90163,34780],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90166,10952],{},[56,90168,90170],{"className":58,"code":90169,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90171,90172],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90173,90174,90176,90178,90180,90182,90184],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90175,165],{"class":164},[65,90177,168],{"class":79},[65,90179,84],{"class":83},[65,90181,34780],{"class":87},[65,90183,84],{"class":83},[65,90185,174],{"class":79},[1059,90187,8569,90189,90191],{"id":90188},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90190,165],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90193,90194],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[56,90196,90198],{"className":58,"code":90197,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90199,90200],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90201,90202,90204,90206,90208],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90203,165],{"class":164},[65,90205,103],{"class":83},[65,90207,34780],{"class":87},[65,90209,1650],{"class":83},[20,90211,10952],{},[56,90213,90214],{"className":58,"code":90169,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,90215,90216],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90217,90218,90220,90222,90224,90226,90228],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90219,165],{"class":164},[65,90221,168],{"class":79},[65,90223,84],{"class":83},[65,90225,34780],{"class":87},[65,90227,84],{"class":83},[65,90229,174],{"class":79},[1059,90231,90233,90234],{"id":90232},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90235,2207],{},[20,90237,90238,90239,144],{},"This causes a ",[15,90240,3152],{},[56,90242,90243],{"className":58,"code":89331,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,90244,90245,90253],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90246,90247,90249,90251],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90248,21741],{"class":71},[65,90250,76],{"class":75},[65,90252,2733],{"class":96},[65,90254,90255,90257,90259,90261,90263,90265,90267,90269],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,90256,165],{"class":164},[65,90258,168],{"class":79},[65,90260,84],{"class":83},[65,90262,89352],{"class":87},[65,90264,84],{"class":83},[65,90266,2599],{"class":75},[65,90268,9339],{"class":147},[65,90270,174],{"class":79},[20,90272,90273],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[56,90275,90277],{"className":58,"code":90276,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90278,90279],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90280,90281,90283,90285,90287,90289,90291,90293,90295],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90282,165],{"class":164},[65,90284,168],{"class":79},[65,90286,84],{"class":83},[65,90288,89253],{"class":87},[65,90290,84],{"class":83},[65,90292,100],{"class":79},[65,90294,9339],{"class":147},[65,90296,174],{"class":79},[20,90298,90299],{},"Or convert the number first:",[56,90301,90303],{"className":58,"code":90302,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90304,90305],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90306,90307,90309,90311,90313,90315,90317,90319,90321,90323,90325],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90308,165],{"class":164},[65,90310,168],{"class":79},[65,90312,84],{"class":83},[65,90314,89352],{"class":87},[65,90316,84],{"class":83},[65,90318,2599],{"class":75},[65,90320,48826],{"class":1368},[65,90322,168],{"class":79},[65,90324,387],{"class":147},[65,90326,1870],{"class":79},[20,90328,90329,90330,144],{},"If you see this error, read ",[88,90331,90333],{"href":90332},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1059,90335,1792,90337,90339],{"id":90336},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90338,46373],{}," to return a value",[20,90341,90342,90343,35243,90346,93],{},"This does not store ",[15,90344,90345],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90347,425],{},[56,90349,90351],{"className":58,"code":90350,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90352,90353],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90354,90355,90357,90359,90361,90363,90365,90367,90369],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90356,401],{"class":71},[65,90358,76],{"class":75},[65,90360,89856],{"class":164},[65,90362,168],{"class":79},[65,90364,84],{"class":83},[65,90366,34780],{"class":87},[65,90368,84],{"class":83},[65,90370,174],{"class":79},[20,90372,90373,90374,144],{},"It stores ",[15,90375,3930],{},[1059,90377,90379,90380,1048,90382],{"id":90378},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90381,89393],{},[15,90383,52584],{},[20,90385,85739],{},[30,90387,90388,90397],{},[33,90389,90390,90392,90393,90396],{},[15,90391,89393],{}," changes what goes ",[46,90394,90395],{},"between"," multiple values",[33,90398,90399,90401,90402,90405],{},[15,90400,52584],{}," changes what appears ",[46,90403,90404],{},"after"," the output",[51,90407,90409],{"id":90408},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90411,90412,90413,90415],{},"These simple ",[15,90414,46373],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[56,90417,90419],{"className":58,"code":90418,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90420,90421,90441,90456],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90422,90423,90425,90427,90429,90432,90434,90436,90439],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90424,165],{"class":164},[65,90426,168],{"class":79},[65,90428,84],{"class":83},[65,90430,90431],{"class":87},"Debug:",[65,90433,84],{"class":83},[65,90435,100],{"class":79},[65,90437,90438],{"class":147}," variable_name",[65,90440,174],{"class":79},[65,90442,90443,90445,90447,90449,90451,90454],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,90444,165],{"class":164},[65,90446,168],{"class":79},[65,90448,3370],{"class":1368},[65,90450,168],{"class":79},[65,90452,90453],{"class":147},"variable_name",[65,90455,1870],{"class":79},[65,90457,90458,90460,90462,90464],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,90459,32063],{"class":164},[65,90461,168],{"class":79},[65,90463,165],{"class":164},[65,90465,174],{"class":79},[20,90467,90468],{},"What they do:",[30,90470,90471,90477,90483],{},[33,90472,90473,90476],{},[15,90474,90475],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[33,90478,90479,90482],{},[15,90480,90481],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[33,90484,90485,90488,90489],{},[15,90486,90487],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90490,46373],{},[51,90492,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,90494,1966,90496,90498],{"id":90495},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90497,46373],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90500,90501,90502,90504,90505,36537],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90503,46373],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90506,52584],{},[1059,90508,5320,90510,90512],{"id":90509},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90511,46373],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90514,90515,90516,90518],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90517,46373],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1059,90520,5308,90522,5311,90525,2637],{"id":90521},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90523,90524],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90526,3930],{},[20,90528,707,90529,90531],{},[15,90530,46373],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1059,90533,90535],{"id":90534},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90537,90538],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[56,90540,90542],{"className":58,"code":90541,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90543,90544],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90545,90546,90548,90550,90552,90554,90556,90558,90560],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90547,165],{"class":164},[65,90549,168],{"class":79},[65,90551,84],{"class":83},[65,90553,89253],{"class":87},[65,90555,84],{"class":83},[65,90557,100],{"class":79},[65,90559,6157],{"class":96},[65,90561,174],{"class":79},[20,90563,90564,90565,39847],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90566,47605],{},[1059,90568,5330,90570,1048,90572,2637],{"id":90569},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90571,89393],{},[15,90573,52584],{},[30,90575,90576,90581],{},[33,90577,90578,90580],{},[15,90579,89393],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[33,90582,90583,90585],{},[15,90584,52584],{}," changes what appears after the output",[51,90587,2015],{"id":2014},[30,90589,90590,90594,90600,90606,90611,90616],{},[33,90591,90592],{},[88,90593,50899],{"href":50898},[33,90595,90596],{},[88,90597,3724,90598,3657],{"href":8370},[15,90599,3104],{},[33,90601,90602],{},[88,90603,3724,90604,3657],{"href":42094},[15,90605,47605],{},[33,90607,90608],{},[88,90609,90610],{"href":89619},"How to format strings in Python",[33,90612,90613],{},[88,90614,90615],{"href":90129},"How to debug Python code",[33,90617,90618],{},[88,90619,90333],{"href":90332},[2071,90621,90622],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":90624},[90625,90626,90628,90629,90635,90636,90637,90642,90648,90650,90652,90663,90664,90675],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":88797,"depth":133,"text":90627},"What print() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":89033,"depth":133,"text":89034,"children":90630},[90631,90632,90633,90634],{"id":89042,"depth":154,"text":89043},{"id":89083,"depth":154,"text":89084},{"id":89115,"depth":154,"text":89116},{"id":89142,"depth":154,"text":89143},{"id":89184,"depth":133,"text":89185},{"id":89380,"depth":133,"text":89381},{"id":89420,"depth":133,"text":90638,"children":90639},"sep argument",[90640,90641],{"id":89433,"depth":154,"text":89434},{"id":89483,"depth":154,"text":89484},{"id":89623,"depth":133,"text":90643,"children":90644},"end argument",[90645,90646,90647],{"id":89637,"depth":154,"text":89434},{"id":89690,"depth":154,"text":89691},{"id":89746,"depth":154,"text":89747},{"id":89830,"depth":133,"text":90649},"print() returns None",{"id":89967,"depth":133,"text":90651},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":90653},[90654,90655,90657,90659,90661],{"id":90140,"depth":154,"text":90141},{"id":90188,"depth":154,"text":90656},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90232,"depth":154,"text":90658},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90336,"depth":154,"text":90660},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90378,"depth":154,"text":90662},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90408,"depth":133,"text":90409},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":90665},[90666,90668,90670,90672,90673],{"id":90495,"depth":154,"text":90667},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90509,"depth":154,"text":90669},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90521,"depth":154,"text":90671},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90534,"depth":154,"text":90535},{"id":90569,"depth":154,"text":90674},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88680,"description":90676},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90683,"title":90684,"body":90685,"description":92989,"extension":2111,"meta":92990,"navigation":157,"path":92991,"seo":92992,"stem":92993,"__hash__":92994},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90686,"toc":92935},[90687,90692,90697,90710,90712,90777,90788,90793,90798,90800,90823,90826,90857,90859,90876,90881,90887,90892,90941,90944,90961,90967,90972,90995,90997,91025,91031,91039,91066,91068,91093,91099,91102,91133,91135,91164,91168,91171,91176,91198,91200,91228,91234,91240,91266,91268,91292,91298,91304,91334,91336,91364,91374,91378,91384,91417,91419,91448,91451,91454,91487,91489,91497,91503,91505,91528,91533,91542,91547,91561,91563,91603,91605,91635,91639,91674,91680,91684,91728,91730,91760,91766,91769,91848,91850,91872,91880,91883,91946,91954,92029,92035,92042,92047,92052,92075,92077,92098,92100,92113,92115,92162,92164,92203,92212,92214,92218,92222,92225,92252,92255,92284,92287,92311,92314,92322,92328,92350,92352,92380,92384,92389,92444,92449,92451,92508,92515,92524,92527,92559,92561,92569,92572,92578,92580,92603,92606,92612,92615,92634,92636,92655,92658,92680,92682,92710,92714,92718,92823,92825,92838,92840,92846,92849,92857,92862,92868,92874,92879,92887,92893,92900,92902,92932],[10,90688,3724,90690,3728],{"id":90689},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90691,36113],{},[20,90693,32228,90694,90696],{},[15,90695,36113],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90698,90699,90700,90702,90703,90705,90706,90709],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90701,6110],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90704,36113],{}," stops ",[46,90707,90708],{},"before"," the end value.",[51,90711,54],{"id":53},[56,90713,90715],{"className":58,"code":90714,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90716,90717,90733,90743,90747,90752,90757,90762,90767,90772],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90718,90719,90721,90723,90725,90727,90729,90731],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90720,6110],{"class":1405},[65,90722,69475],{"class":71},[65,90724,4036],{"class":1405},[65,90726,53994],{"class":164},[65,90728,168],{"class":79},[65,90730,2284],{"class":96},[65,90732,8493],{"class":79},[65,90734,90735,90737,90739,90741],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,90736,1431],{"class":164},[65,90738,168],{"class":79},[65,90740,36069],{"class":147},[65,90742,174],{"class":79},[65,90744,90745],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,90746,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,90748,90749],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,90750,90751],{"class":3816},"# Output:\n",[65,90753,90754],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,90755,90756],{"class":3816},"# 0\n",[65,90758,90759],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,90760,90761],{"class":3816},"# 1\n",[65,90763,90764],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,90765,90766],{"class":3816},"# 2\n",[65,90768,90769],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,90770,90771],{"class":3816},"# 3\n",[65,90773,90774],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,90775,90776],{"class":3816},"# 4\n",[20,90778,90779,90782,90783,90785,90786,144],{},[15,90780,90781],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90784,2267],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90787,2284],{},[51,90789,252,90791,255],{"id":90790},"what-range-does",[15,90792,36113],{},[20,90794,90795,90797],{},[15,90796,36113],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90799,13182],{},[30,90801,90802,90807,90813,90818],{},[33,90803,90804,90806],{},[15,90805,36113],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[33,90808,90809,90810,90812],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90811,6110],{}," loops",[33,90814,90815,90816],{},"The stop value is ",[46,90817,64996],{},[33,90819,17536,90820,90822],{},[15,90821,59924],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90824,90825],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[56,90827,90829],{"className":58,"code":90828,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90830,90831,90847],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90832,90833,90835,90837,90839,90841,90843,90845],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90834,6110],{"class":1405},[65,90836,6540],{"class":71},[65,90838,4036],{"class":1405},[65,90840,53994],{"class":164},[65,90842,168],{"class":79},[65,90844,2210],{"class":96},[65,90846,8493],{"class":79},[65,90848,90849,90851,90853,90855],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,90850,1431],{"class":164},[65,90852,168],{"class":79},[65,90854,2385],{"class":147},[65,90856,174],{"class":79},[20,90858,191],{},[56,90860,90862],{"className":58,"code":90861,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90863,90864,90868,90872],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90865,90866],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90867,47173],{"class":96},[65,90869,90870],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,90871,46838],{"class":96},[65,90873,90874],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,90875,17177],{"class":96},[20,90877,90878,90879,144],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[88,90880,35943],{"href":35942},[51,90882,90884,90886],{"id":90883},"range-syntax",[15,90885,36113],{}," syntax",[20,90888,90889,90891],{},[15,90890,36113],{}," has three common forms:",[56,90893,90895],{"className":58,"code":90894,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90896,90897,90907,90922],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90898,90899,90901,90903,90905],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90900,59924],{"class":164},[65,90902,168],{"class":79},[65,90904,75353],{"class":147},[65,90906,174],{"class":79},[65,90908,90909,90911,90913,90915,90917,90920],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,90910,59924],{"class":164},[65,90912,168],{"class":79},[65,90914,35987],{"class":147},[65,90916,100],{"class":79},[65,90918,90919],{"class":147}," stop",[65,90921,174],{"class":79},[65,90923,90924,90926,90928,90930,90932,90934,90936,90939],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,90925,59924],{"class":164},[65,90927,168],{"class":79},[65,90929,35987],{"class":147},[65,90931,100],{"class":79},[65,90933,90919],{"class":147},[65,90935,100],{"class":79},[65,90937,90938],{"class":147}," step",[65,90940,174],{"class":79},[20,90942,90943],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[30,90945,90946,90951,90956],{},[33,90947,90948,90950],{},[15,90949,35987],{}," = first number",[33,90952,90953,90955],{},[15,90954,75353],{}," = end limit, not included",[33,90957,90958,90960],{},[15,90959,75356],{}," = amount to move each time",[1059,90962,90964],{"id":90963},"rangestop",[15,90965,90966],{},"range(stop)",[20,90968,90969,90970,144],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90971,2267],{},[56,90973,90975],{"className":58,"code":90974,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90976,90977],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,90978,90979,90981,90983,90985,90987,90989,90991,90993],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,90980,165],{"class":164},[65,90982,168],{"class":79},[65,90984,8244],{"class":1368},[65,90986,168],{"class":79},[65,90988,59924],{"class":164},[65,90990,168],{"class":79},[65,90992,2284],{"class":96},[65,90994,3058],{"class":79},[20,90996,191],{},[56,90998,90999],{"className":58,"code":59947,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,91000,91001],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91002,91003,91005,91007,91009,91011,91013,91015,91017,91019,91021,91023],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91004,4054],{"class":79},[65,91006,2267],{"class":96},[65,91008,100],{"class":79},[65,91010,97],{"class":96},[65,91012,100],{"class":79},[65,91014,113],{"class":96},[65,91016,100],{"class":79},[65,91018,127],{"class":96},[65,91020,100],{"class":79},[65,91022,2602],{"class":96},[65,91024,3786],{"class":79},[1059,91026,91028],{"id":91027},"rangestart-stop",[15,91029,91030],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91032,91033,91034,91036,91037,144],{},"This starts at ",[15,91035,35987],{}," and stops before ",[15,91038,75353],{},[56,91040,91042],{"className":58,"code":91041,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91043,91044],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91045,91046,91048,91050,91052,91054,91056,91058,91060,91062,91064],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91047,165],{"class":164},[65,91049,168],{"class":79},[65,91051,8244],{"class":1368},[65,91053,168],{"class":79},[65,91055,59924],{"class":164},[65,91057,168],{"class":79},[65,91059,2204],{"class":96},[65,91061,100],{"class":79},[65,91063,37560],{"class":96},[65,91065,3058],{"class":79},[20,91067,191],{},[56,91069,91071],{"className":58,"code":91070,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91072,91073],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91074,91075,91077,91079,91081,91083,91085,91087,91089,91091],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91076,4054],{"class":79},[65,91078,2204],{"class":96},[65,91080,100],{"class":79},[65,91082,127],{"class":96},[65,91084,100],{"class":79},[65,91086,2602],{"class":96},[65,91088,100],{"class":79},[65,91090,4762],{"class":96},[65,91092,3786],{"class":79},[1059,91094,91096],{"id":91095},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91097,91098],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91100,91101],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[56,91103,91105],{"className":58,"code":91104,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91106,91107],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91108,91109,91111,91113,91115,91117,91119,91121,91123,91125,91127,91129,91131],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91110,165],{"class":164},[65,91112,168],{"class":79},[65,91114,8244],{"class":1368},[65,91116,168],{"class":79},[65,91118,59924],{"class":164},[65,91120,168],{"class":79},[65,91122,3135],{"class":96},[65,91124,100],{"class":79},[65,91126,6157],{"class":96},[65,91128,100],{"class":79},[65,91130,113],{"class":96},[65,91132,3058],{"class":79},[20,91134,191],{},[56,91136,91138],{"className":58,"code":91137,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91139,91140],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91141,91142,91144,91146,91148,91150,91152,91154,91156,91158,91160,91162],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91143,4054],{"class":79},[65,91145,3135],{"class":96},[65,91147,100],{"class":79},[65,91149,127],{"class":96},[65,91151,100],{"class":79},[65,91153,4762],{"class":96},[65,91155,100],{"class":79},[65,91157,6146],{"class":96},[65,91159,100],{"class":79},[65,91161,54060],{"class":96},[65,91163,3786],{"class":79},[51,91165,91167],{"id":91166},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91169,91170],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1059,91172,91174],{"id":91173},"range5",[15,91175,90781],{},[56,91177,91178],{"className":58,"code":90974,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,91179,91180],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91181,91182,91184,91186,91188,91190,91192,91194,91196],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91183,165],{"class":164},[65,91185,168],{"class":79},[65,91187,8244],{"class":1368},[65,91189,168],{"class":79},[65,91191,59924],{"class":164},[65,91193,168],{"class":79},[65,91195,2284],{"class":96},[65,91197,3058],{"class":79},[20,91199,191],{},[56,91201,91202],{"className":58,"code":59947,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,91203,91204],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91205,91206,91208,91210,91212,91214,91216,91218,91220,91222,91224,91226],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91207,4054],{"class":79},[65,91209,2267],{"class":96},[65,91211,100],{"class":79},[65,91213,97],{"class":96},[65,91215,100],{"class":79},[65,91217,113],{"class":96},[65,91219,100],{"class":79},[65,91221,127],{"class":96},[65,91223,100],{"class":79},[65,91225,2602],{"class":96},[65,91227,3786],{"class":79},[20,91229,91033,91230,91036,91232,144],{},[15,91231,2267],{},[15,91233,2284],{},[1059,91235,91237],{"id":91236},"range2-6",[15,91238,91239],{},"range(2, 6)",[56,91241,91242],{"className":58,"code":91041,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,91243,91244],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91245,91246,91248,91250,91252,91254,91256,91258,91260,91262,91264],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91247,165],{"class":164},[65,91249,168],{"class":79},[65,91251,8244],{"class":1368},[65,91253,168],{"class":79},[65,91255,59924],{"class":164},[65,91257,168],{"class":79},[65,91259,2204],{"class":96},[65,91261,100],{"class":79},[65,91263,37560],{"class":96},[65,91265,3058],{"class":79},[20,91267,191],{},[56,91269,91270],{"className":58,"code":91070,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,91271,91272],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91273,91274,91276,91278,91280,91282,91284,91286,91288,91290],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91275,4054],{"class":79},[65,91277,2204],{"class":96},[65,91279,100],{"class":79},[65,91281,127],{"class":96},[65,91283,100],{"class":79},[65,91285,2602],{"class":96},[65,91287,100],{"class":79},[65,91289,4762],{"class":96},[65,91291,3786],{"class":79},[20,91293,91033,91294,91036,91296,144],{},[15,91295,2204],{},[15,91297,80521],{},[1059,91299,91301],{"id":91300},"range1-10-2",[15,91302,91303],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[56,91305,91306],{"className":58,"code":91104,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,91307,91308],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91309,91310,91312,91314,91316,91318,91320,91322,91324,91326,91328,91330,91332],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91311,165],{"class":164},[65,91313,168],{"class":79},[65,91315,8244],{"class":1368},[65,91317,168],{"class":79},[65,91319,59924],{"class":164},[65,91321,168],{"class":79},[65,91323,3135],{"class":96},[65,91325,100],{"class":79},[65,91327,6157],{"class":96},[65,91329,100],{"class":79},[65,91331,113],{"class":96},[65,91333,3058],{"class":79},[20,91335,191],{},[56,91337,91338],{"className":58,"code":91137,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,91339,91340],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91341,91342,91344,91346,91348,91350,91352,91354,91356,91358,91360,91362],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91343,4054],{"class":79},[65,91345,3135],{"class":96},[65,91347,100],{"class":79},[65,91349,127],{"class":96},[65,91351,100],{"class":79},[65,91353,4762],{"class":96},[65,91355,100],{"class":79},[65,91357,6146],{"class":96},[65,91359,100],{"class":79},[65,91361,54060],{"class":96},[65,91363,3786],{"class":79},[20,91365,91366,91367,91369,91370,61227,91372,144],{},"This moves by ",[15,91368,2204],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91371,3135],{},[15,91373,2292],{},[1059,91375,91377],{"id":91376},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91379,91380,91381,91383],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91382,36113],{}," count backward.",[56,91385,91387],{"className":58,"code":91386,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91388,91389],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91390,91391,91393,91395,91397,91399,91401,91403,91405,91407,91409,91411,91413,91415],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91392,165],{"class":164},[65,91394,168],{"class":79},[65,91396,8244],{"class":1368},[65,91398,168],{"class":79},[65,91400,59924],{"class":164},[65,91402,168],{"class":79},[65,91404,2284],{"class":96},[65,91406,100],{"class":79},[65,91408,3986],{"class":96},[65,91410,100],{"class":79},[65,91412,2368],{"class":75},[65,91414,3135],{"class":96},[65,91416,3058],{"class":79},[20,91418,191],{},[56,91420,91422],{"className":58,"code":91421,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91423,91424],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91425,91426,91428,91430,91432,91434,91436,91438,91440,91442,91444,91446],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91427,4054],{"class":79},[65,91429,2284],{"class":96},[65,91431,100],{"class":79},[65,91433,2602],{"class":96},[65,91435,100],{"class":79},[65,91437,127],{"class":96},[65,91439,100],{"class":79},[65,91441,113],{"class":96},[65,91443,100],{"class":79},[65,91445,97],{"class":96},[65,91447,3786],{"class":79},[20,91449,91450],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91452,91453],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[56,91455,91457],{"className":58,"code":91456,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91458,91459],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91460,91461,91463,91465,91467,91469,91471,91473,91475,91477,91479,91481,91483,91485],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91462,165],{"class":164},[65,91464,168],{"class":79},[65,91466,8244],{"class":1368},[65,91468,168],{"class":79},[65,91470,59924],{"class":164},[65,91472,168],{"class":79},[65,91474,3135],{"class":96},[65,91476,100],{"class":79},[65,91478,4762],{"class":96},[65,91480,100],{"class":79},[65,91482,2368],{"class":75},[65,91484,3135],{"class":96},[65,91486,3058],{"class":79},[20,91488,191],{},[56,91490,91491],{"className":58,"code":38214,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,91492,91493],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91494,91495],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91496,38214],{"class":79},[1059,91498,91499,76516,91501],{"id":76740},[15,91500,75356],{},[15,91502,2267],{},[20,91504,2982],{},[56,91506,91508],{"className":58,"code":91507,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91509,91510],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91511,91512,91514,91516,91518,91520,91522,91524,91526],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91513,59924],{"class":164},[65,91515,168],{"class":79},[65,91517,3135],{"class":96},[65,91519,100],{"class":79},[65,91521,4762],{"class":96},[65,91523,100],{"class":79},[65,91525,3986],{"class":96},[65,91527,174],{"class":79},[20,91529,76785,91530,91532],{},[15,91531,40622],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[51,91534,8569,91536,91538,91539,91541],{"id":91535},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91537,36113],{}," in a ",[15,91540,6110],{}," loop",[20,91543,91544,91546],{},[15,91545,36113],{}," is most useful when:",[30,91548,91549,91552,91555],{},[33,91550,91551],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[33,91553,91554],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[33,91556,91557,91558],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91559,91560],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91562,350],{},[56,91564,91566],{"className":58,"code":91565,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91567,91568,91584],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91569,91570,91572,91574,91576,91578,91580,91582],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91571,6110],{"class":1405},[65,91573,69475],{"class":71},[65,91575,4036],{"class":1405},[65,91577,53994],{"class":164},[65,91579,168],{"class":79},[65,91581,2210],{"class":96},[65,91583,8493],{"class":79},[65,91585,91586,91588,91590,91592,91595,91597,91599,91601],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,91587,1431],{"class":164},[65,91589,168],{"class":79},[65,91591,84],{"class":83},[65,91593,91594],{"class":87},"Loop number:",[65,91596,84],{"class":83},[65,91598,100],{"class":79},[65,91600,36044],{"class":147},[65,91602,174],{"class":79},[20,91604,191],{},[56,91606,91608],{"className":58,"code":91607,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91609,91610,91619,91627],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91611,91612,91615,91617],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91613,91614],{"class":71},"Loop number",[65,91616,93],{"class":79},[65,91618,38430],{"class":96},[65,91620,91621,91623,91625],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,91622,91614],{"class":71},[65,91624,93],{"class":79},[65,91626,1290],{"class":96},[65,91628,91629,91631,91633],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,91630,91614],{"class":71},[65,91632,93],{"class":79},[65,91634,45510],{"class":96},[1059,91636,91638],{"id":91637},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[56,91640,91642],{"className":58,"code":91641,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91643,91644,91660],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91645,91646,91648,91650,91652,91654,91656,91658],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91647,6110],{"class":1405},[65,91649,69475],{"class":71},[65,91651,4036],{"class":1405},[65,91653,53994],{"class":164},[65,91655,168],{"class":79},[65,91657,2284],{"class":96},[65,91659,8493],{"class":79},[65,91661,91662,91664,91666,91668,91670,91672],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,91663,1431],{"class":164},[65,91665,168],{"class":79},[65,91667,84],{"class":83},[65,91669,34780],{"class":87},[65,91671,84],{"class":83},[65,91673,174],{"class":79},[20,91675,91676,91677,91679],{},"This prints ",[15,91678,90345],{}," five times.",[1059,91681,91683],{"id":91682},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[56,91685,91687],{"className":58,"code":91686,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91688,91689,91709],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91690,91691,91693,91695,91697,91699,91701,91703,91705,91707],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91692,6110],{"class":1405},[65,91694,69475],{"class":71},[65,91696,4036],{"class":1405},[65,91698,53994],{"class":164},[65,91700,168],{"class":79},[65,91702,3135],{"class":96},[65,91704,100],{"class":79},[65,91706,2602],{"class":96},[65,91708,8493],{"class":79},[65,91710,91711,91713,91715,91717,91720,91722,91724,91726],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,91712,1431],{"class":164},[65,91714,168],{"class":79},[65,91716,84],{"class":83},[65,91718,91719],{"class":87},"Current number is",[65,91721,84],{"class":83},[65,91723,100],{"class":79},[65,91725,36044],{"class":147},[65,91727,174],{"class":79},[20,91729,191],{},[56,91731,91733],{"className":58,"code":91732,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91734,91735,91744,91752],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91736,91737,91740,91742],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91738,91739],{"class":71},"Current number ",[65,91741,12329],{"class":75},[65,91743,1290],{"class":96},[65,91745,91746,91748,91750],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,91747,91739],{"class":71},[65,91749,12329],{"class":75},[65,91751,45510],{"class":96},[65,91753,91754,91756,91758],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,91755,91739],{"class":71},[65,91757,12329],{"class":75},[65,91759,2723],{"class":96},[1059,91761,91763,91765],{"id":91762},"range-and-indexing",[15,91764,36113],{}," and indexing",[20,91767,91768],{},"You may see code like this:",[56,91770,91772],{"className":58,"code":91771,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91773,91774,91806,91810,91830],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91775,91776,91778,91780,91782,91784,91786,91788,91790,91792,91794,91796,91798,91800,91802,91804],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91777,7929],{"class":71},[65,91779,76],{"class":75},[65,91781,3773],{"class":79},[65,91783,84],{"class":83},[65,91785,88],{"class":87},[65,91787,84],{"class":83},[65,91789,100],{"class":79},[65,91791,103],{"class":83},[65,91793,106],{"class":87},[65,91795,84],{"class":83},[65,91797,100],{"class":79},[65,91799,103],{"class":83},[65,91801,120],{"class":87},[65,91803,84],{"class":83},[65,91805,3786],{"class":79},[65,91807,91808],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,91809,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,91811,91812,91814,91816,91818,91820,91822,91824,91826,91828],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,91813,6110],{"class":1405},[65,91815,69475],{"class":71},[65,91817,4036],{"class":1405},[65,91819,53994],{"class":164},[65,91821,168],{"class":79},[65,91823,1863],{"class":164},[65,91825,168],{"class":79},[65,91827,7960],{"class":147},[65,91829,69490],{"class":79},[65,91831,91832,91834,91836,91838,91840,91842,91844,91846],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,91833,1431],{"class":164},[65,91835,168],{"class":79},[65,91837,36069],{"class":147},[65,91839,100],{"class":79},[65,91841,6118],{"class":147},[65,91843,4054],{"class":79},[65,91845,36069],{"class":147},[65,91847,4042],{"class":79},[20,91849,191],{},[56,91851,91852],{"className":58,"code":36081,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,91853,91854,91860,91866],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91855,91856,91858],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91857,2267],{"class":96},[65,91859,36090],{"class":71},[65,91861,91862,91864],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,91863,3135],{"class":96},[65,91865,36097],{"class":71},[65,91867,91868,91870],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,91869,2204],{"class":96},[65,91871,36104],{"class":71},[20,91873,91874,91875,91879],{},"This works, and it uses ",[88,91876,91877],{"href":42277},[15,91878,42280],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91881,91882],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[56,91884,91886],{"className":58,"code":91885,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91887,91888,91920,91924,91936],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91889,91890,91892,91894,91896,91898,91900,91902,91904,91906,91908,91910,91912,91914,91916,91918],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91891,7929],{"class":71},[65,91893,76],{"class":75},[65,91895,3773],{"class":79},[65,91897,84],{"class":83},[65,91899,88],{"class":87},[65,91901,84],{"class":83},[65,91903,100],{"class":79},[65,91905,103],{"class":83},[65,91907,106],{"class":87},[65,91909,84],{"class":83},[65,91911,100],{"class":79},[65,91913,103],{"class":83},[65,91915,120],{"class":87},[65,91917,84],{"class":83},[65,91919,3786],{"class":79},[65,91921,91922],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,91923,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,91925,91926,91928,91930,91932,91934],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,91927,6110],{"class":1405},[65,91929,6113],{"class":71},[65,91931,4036],{"class":1405},[65,91933,6118],{"class":71},[65,91935,1411],{"class":79},[65,91937,91938,91940,91942,91944],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,91939,1431],{"class":164},[65,91941,168],{"class":79},[65,91943,171],{"class":147},[65,91945,174],{"class":79},[20,91947,36508,91948,91953],{},[88,91949,91951],{"href":91950},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91952,35663],{}," is usually a better choice:",[56,91955,91957],{"className":58,"code":91956,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91958,91959,91991,91995,92015],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,91960,91961,91963,91965,91967,91969,91971,91973,91975,91977,91979,91981,91983,91985,91987,91989],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,91962,7929],{"class":71},[65,91964,76],{"class":75},[65,91966,3773],{"class":79},[65,91968,84],{"class":83},[65,91970,88],{"class":87},[65,91972,84],{"class":83},[65,91974,100],{"class":79},[65,91976,103],{"class":83},[65,91978,106],{"class":87},[65,91980,84],{"class":83},[65,91982,100],{"class":79},[65,91984,103],{"class":83},[65,91986,120],{"class":87},[65,91988,84],{"class":83},[65,91990,3786],{"class":79},[65,91992,91993],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,91994,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,91996,91997,91999,92001,92003,92005,92007,92009,92011,92013],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,91998,6110],{"class":1405},[65,92000,35735],{"class":71},[65,92002,100],{"class":79},[65,92004,6113],{"class":71},[65,92006,4036],{"class":1405},[65,92008,35745],{"class":164},[65,92010,168],{"class":79},[65,92012,7960],{"class":147},[65,92014,8493],{"class":79},[65,92016,92017,92019,92021,92023,92025,92027],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,92018,1431],{"class":164},[65,92020,168],{"class":79},[65,92022,35760],{"class":147},[65,92024,100],{"class":79},[65,92026,1178],{"class":147},[65,92028,174],{"class":79},[20,92030,79045,92031,144],{},[88,92032,36521,92033,36524],{"href":36520},[15,92034,35663],{},[51,92036,92038,92039,92041],{"id":92037},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92040,36113],{}," to a list",[20,92043,92044,92046],{},[15,92045,36113],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92048,92049,92050,93],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92051,24888],{},[56,92053,92055],{"className":58,"code":92054,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92056,92057],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92058,92059,92061,92063,92065,92067,92069,92071,92073],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92060,165],{"class":164},[65,92062,168],{"class":79},[65,92064,8244],{"class":1368},[65,92066,168],{"class":79},[65,92068,59924],{"class":164},[65,92070,168],{"class":79},[65,92072,2210],{"class":96},[65,92074,3058],{"class":79},[20,92076,191],{},[56,92078,92080],{"className":58,"code":92079,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92081,92082],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92083,92084,92086,92088,92090,92092,92094,92096],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92085,4054],{"class":79},[65,92087,2267],{"class":96},[65,92089,100],{"class":79},[65,92091,97],{"class":96},[65,92093,100],{"class":79},[65,92095,113],{"class":96},[65,92097,3786],{"class":79},[20,92099,33223],{},[30,92101,92102,92107,92110],{},[33,92103,92104,92105,42004],{},"learning how ",[15,92106,36113],{},[33,92108,92109],{},"checking your values",[33,92111,92112],{},"debugging code",[20,92114,5624],{},[56,92116,92118],{"className":58,"code":92117,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92119,92120,92134,92138,92148],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92121,92122,92124,92126,92128,92130,92132],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92123,3768],{"class":71},[65,92125,76],{"class":75},[65,92127,53994],{"class":164},[65,92129,168],{"class":79},[65,92131,2650],{"class":96},[65,92133,174],{"class":79},[65,92135,92136],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,92137,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,92139,92140,92142,92144,92146],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,92141,165],{"class":164},[65,92143,168],{"class":79},[65,92145,3800],{"class":147},[65,92147,174],{"class":79},[65,92149,92150,92152,92154,92156,92158,92160],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,92151,165],{"class":164},[65,92153,168],{"class":79},[65,92155,8244],{"class":1368},[65,92157,168],{"class":79},[65,92159,3800],{"class":147},[65,92161,1870],{"class":79},[20,92163,191],{},[56,92165,92167],{"className":58,"code":92166,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92168,92169,92183],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92170,92171,92173,92175,92177,92179,92181],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92172,59924],{"class":164},[65,92174,168],{"class":79},[65,92176,2267],{"class":96},[65,92178,100],{"class":79},[65,92180,2602],{"class":96},[65,92182,174],{"class":79},[65,92184,92185,92187,92189,92191,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,92186,4054],{"class":79},[65,92188,2267],{"class":96},[65,92190,100],{"class":79},[65,92192,97],{"class":96},[65,92194,100],{"class":79},[65,92196,113],{"class":96},[65,92198,100],{"class":79},[65,92200,127],{"class":96},[65,92202,3786],{"class":79},[20,92204,92205,92206,10729,92208,92211],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92207,59924],{},[15,92209,92210],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[51,92213,4675],{"id":4674},[20,92215,33452,92216,144],{},[15,92217,36113],{},[1059,92219,92221],{"id":92220},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92223,92224],{},"Many beginners think this:",[56,92226,92228],{"className":58,"code":92227,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92229,92230],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92231,92232,92234,92236,92238,92240,92242,92244,92246,92248,92250],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92233,165],{"class":164},[65,92235,168],{"class":79},[65,92237,8244],{"class":1368},[65,92239,168],{"class":79},[65,92241,59924],{"class":164},[65,92243,168],{"class":79},[65,92245,3135],{"class":96},[65,92247,100],{"class":79},[65,92249,4762],{"class":96},[65,92251,3058],{"class":79},[20,92253,92254],{},"will produce:",[56,92256,92258],{"className":58,"code":92257,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92259,92260],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92261,92262,92264,92266,92268,92270,92272,92274,92276,92278,92280,92282],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92263,4054],{"class":79},[65,92265,3135],{"class":96},[65,92267,100],{"class":79},[65,92269,113],{"class":96},[65,92271,100],{"class":79},[65,92273,127],{"class":96},[65,92275,100],{"class":79},[65,92277,2602],{"class":96},[65,92279,100],{"class":79},[65,92281,4762],{"class":96},[65,92283,3786],{"class":79},[20,92285,92286],{},"But the real output is:",[56,92288,92289],{"className":58,"code":53429,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,92290,92291],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92292,92293,92295,92297,92299,92301,92303,92305,92307,92309],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92294,4054],{"class":79},[65,92296,3135],{"class":96},[65,92298,100],{"class":79},[65,92300,113],{"class":96},[65,92302,100],{"class":79},[65,92304,127],{"class":96},[65,92306,100],{"class":79},[65,92308,2602],{"class":96},[65,92310,3786],{"class":79},[20,92312,92313],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1059,92315,4736,92317,92319,92320],{"id":92316},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92318,90781],{}," starts at ",[15,92321,3135],{},[20,92323,37384,92324,19079,92326,144],{},[15,92325,2267],{},[15,92327,3135],{},[56,92329,92330],{"className":58,"code":90974,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,92331,92332],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92333,92334,92336,92338,92340,92342,92344,92346,92348],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92335,165],{"class":164},[65,92337,168],{"class":79},[65,92339,8244],{"class":1368},[65,92341,168],{"class":79},[65,92343,59924],{"class":164},[65,92345,168],{"class":79},[65,92347,2284],{"class":96},[65,92349,3058],{"class":79},[20,92351,191],{},[56,92353,92354],{"className":58,"code":59947,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,92355,92356],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92357,92358,92360,92362,92364,92366,92368,92370,92372,92374,92376,92378],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92359,4054],{"class":79},[65,92361,2267],{"class":96},[65,92363,100],{"class":79},[65,92365,97],{"class":96},[65,92367,100],{"class":79},[65,92369,113],{"class":96},[65,92371,100],{"class":79},[65,92373,127],{"class":96},[65,92375,100],{"class":79},[65,92377,2602],{"class":96},[65,92379,3786],{"class":79},[1059,92381,92383],{"id":92382},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92385,92386,92387,93],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92388,3104],{},[56,92390,92392],{"className":58,"code":92391,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92393,92394,92413,92417,92434],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92395,92396,92399,92401,92403,92405,92407,92409,92411],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92397,92398],{"class":71},"user_number ",[65,92400,76],{"class":75},[65,92402,8393],{"class":164},[65,92404,168],{"class":79},[65,92406,84],{"class":83},[65,92408,41790],{"class":87},[65,92410,84],{"class":83},[65,92412,174],{"class":79},[65,92414,92415],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,92416,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,92418,92419,92421,92423,92425,92427,92429,92432],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,92420,6110],{"class":1405},[65,92422,69475],{"class":71},[65,92424,4036],{"class":1405},[65,92426,53994],{"class":164},[65,92428,168],{"class":79},[65,92430,92431],{"class":147},"user_number",[65,92433,8493],{"class":79},[65,92435,92436,92438,92440,92442],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,92437,1431],{"class":164},[65,92439,168],{"class":79},[65,92441,36069],{"class":147},[65,92443,174],{"class":79},[20,92445,48432,92446,92448],{},[15,92447,3104],{}," returns a string.",[20,92450,10952],{},[56,92452,92454],{"className":58,"code":92453,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92455,92456,92478,92482,92498],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92457,92458,92460,92462,92464,92466,92468,92470,92472,92474,92476],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92459,92398],{"class":71},[65,92461,76],{"class":75},[65,92463,45197],{"class":1368},[65,92465,168],{"class":79},[65,92467,42382],{"class":164},[65,92469,168],{"class":79},[65,92471,84],{"class":83},[65,92473,41790],{"class":87},[65,92475,84],{"class":83},[65,92477,1870],{"class":79},[65,92479,92480],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,92481,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,92483,92484,92486,92488,92490,92492,92494,92496],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,92485,6110],{"class":1405},[65,92487,69475],{"class":71},[65,92489,4036],{"class":1405},[65,92491,53994],{"class":164},[65,92493,168],{"class":79},[65,92495,92431],{"class":147},[65,92497,8493],{"class":79},[65,92499,92500,92502,92504,92506],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,92501,1431],{"class":164},[65,92503,168],{"class":79},[65,92505,36069],{"class":147},[65,92507,174],{"class":79},[20,92509,92510,92511,144],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[88,92512,50446,92513],{"href":50445},[15,92514,50449],{},[1059,92516,92518,92519,92521,92522],{"id":92517},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92520,35987],{}," smaller than ",[15,92523,75353],{},[20,92525,92526],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[56,92528,92529],{"className":58,"code":91456,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,92530,92531],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92532,92533,92535,92537,92539,92541,92543,92545,92547,92549,92551,92553,92555,92557],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92534,165],{"class":164},[65,92536,168],{"class":79},[65,92538,8244],{"class":1368},[65,92540,168],{"class":79},[65,92542,59924],{"class":164},[65,92544,168],{"class":79},[65,92546,3135],{"class":96},[65,92548,100],{"class":79},[65,92550,4762],{"class":96},[65,92552,100],{"class":79},[65,92554,2368],{"class":75},[65,92556,3135],{"class":96},[65,92558,3058],{"class":79},[20,92560,191],{},[56,92562,92563],{"className":58,"code":38214,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,92564,92565],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92566,92567],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92568,38214],{"class":79},[20,92570,92571],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1059,92573,25724,92575],{"id":92574},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92576,92577],{},"step = 0",[20,92579,77496],{},[56,92581,92583],{"className":58,"code":92582,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92584,92585],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92586,92587,92589,92591,92593,92595,92597,92599,92601],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92588,59924],{"class":164},[65,92590,168],{"class":79},[65,92592,3135],{"class":96},[65,92594,100],{"class":79},[65,92596,6157],{"class":96},[65,92598,100],{"class":79},[65,92600,3986],{"class":96},[65,92602,174],{"class":79},[20,92604,92605],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1059,92607,1812,92609,92611],{"id":92608},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92610,36113],{}," is not a list",[20,92613,92614],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[56,92616,92618],{"className":58,"code":92617,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92619,92620],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92621,92622,92624,92626,92628,92630,92632],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92623,165],{"class":164},[65,92625,168],{"class":79},[65,92627,59924],{"class":164},[65,92629,168],{"class":79},[65,92631,2284],{"class":96},[65,92633,1870],{"class":79},[20,92635,191],{},[56,92637,92639],{"className":58,"code":92638,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92640,92641],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92642,92643,92645,92647,92649,92651,92653],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92644,59924],{"class":164},[65,92646,168],{"class":79},[65,92648,2267],{"class":96},[65,92650,100],{"class":79},[65,92652,4762],{"class":96},[65,92654,174],{"class":79},[20,92656,92657],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[56,92659,92660],{"className":58,"code":90974,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,92661,92662],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92663,92664,92666,92668,92670,92672,92674,92676,92678],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92665,165],{"class":164},[65,92667,168],{"class":79},[65,92669,8244],{"class":1368},[65,92671,168],{"class":79},[65,92673,59924],{"class":164},[65,92675,168],{"class":79},[65,92677,2284],{"class":96},[65,92679,3058],{"class":79},[20,92681,191],{},[56,92683,92684],{"className":58,"code":59947,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,92685,92686],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92687,92688,92690,92692,92694,92696,92698,92700,92702,92704,92706,92708],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92689,4054],{"class":79},[65,92691,2267],{"class":96},[65,92693,100],{"class":79},[65,92695,97],{"class":96},[65,92697,100],{"class":79},[65,92699,113],{"class":96},[65,92701,100],{"class":79},[65,92703,127],{"class":96},[65,92705,100],{"class":79},[65,92707,2602],{"class":96},[65,92709,3786],{"class":79},[51,92711,92713],{"id":92712},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92715,9026,92716,82267],{},[15,92717,36113],{},[56,92719,92721],{"className":58,"code":92720,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92722,92723,92737,92755,92777,92805],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,92724,92725,92727,92729,92731,92733,92735],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,92726,165],{"class":164},[65,92728,168],{"class":79},[65,92730,59924],{"class":164},[65,92732,168],{"class":79},[65,92734,2284],{"class":96},[65,92736,1870],{"class":79},[65,92738,92739,92741,92743,92745,92747,92749,92751,92753],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,92740,165],{"class":164},[65,92742,168],{"class":79},[65,92744,8244],{"class":1368},[65,92746,168],{"class":79},[65,92748,59924],{"class":164},[65,92750,168],{"class":79},[65,92752,2284],{"class":96},[65,92754,3058],{"class":79},[65,92756,92757,92759,92761,92763,92765,92767,92769,92771,92773,92775],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,92758,165],{"class":164},[65,92760,168],{"class":79},[65,92762,8244],{"class":1368},[65,92764,168],{"class":79},[65,92766,59924],{"class":164},[65,92768,168],{"class":79},[65,92770,2204],{"class":96},[65,92772,100],{"class":79},[65,92774,6513],{"class":96},[65,92776,3058],{"class":79},[65,92778,92779,92781,92783,92785,92787,92789,92791,92793,92795,92797,92799,92801,92803],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,92780,165],{"class":164},[65,92782,168],{"class":79},[65,92784,8244],{"class":1368},[65,92786,168],{"class":79},[65,92788,59924],{"class":164},[65,92790,168],{"class":79},[65,92792,2476],{"class":96},[65,92794,100],{"class":79},[65,92796,3986],{"class":96},[65,92798,100],{"class":79},[65,92800,2368],{"class":75},[65,92802,2204],{"class":96},[65,92804,3058],{"class":79},[65,92806,92807,92809,92811,92813,92815,92817,92819,92821],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,92808,165],{"class":164},[65,92810,168],{"class":79},[65,92812,3370],{"class":1368},[65,92814,168],{"class":79},[65,92816,59924],{"class":164},[65,92818,168],{"class":79},[65,92820,2284],{"class":96},[65,92822,3058],{"class":79},[20,92824,26115],{},[30,92826,92827,92830,92833],{},[33,92828,92829],{},"what values are being created",[33,92831,92832],{},"whether the direction is correct",[33,92834,92835,92836,24724],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92837,59924],{},[51,92839,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,92841,1966,92843,92845],{"id":92842},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92844,36113],{}," include the last number?",[20,92847,92848],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1059,92850,5308,92852,92854,92855,2637],{"id":92851},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92853,90781],{}," start at ",[15,92856,2267],{},[20,92858,92859,92860,144],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92861,2267],{},[1059,92863,5320,92865,92867],{"id":92864},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92866,36113],{}," count backward?",[20,92869,92870,92871,144],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92872,92873],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1059,92875,15029,92877,26150],{"id":92876},"is-range-a-list",[15,92878,36113],{},[20,92880,26153,92881,92883,92884,24045],{},[15,92882,59924],{}," object. Use ",[15,92885,92886],{},"list(range(...))",[1059,92888,5308,92890,48606],{"id":92889},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92891,92892],{},"range(input())",[20,92894,92895,3632,92897,144],{},[15,92896,3104],{},[15,92898,92899],{},"int(input())",[51,92901,2015],{"id":2014},[30,92903,92904,92908,92914,92920,92926],{},[33,92905,92906],{},[88,92907,35943],{"href":35942},[33,92909,92910],{},[88,92911,3724,92912,3657],{"href":42277},[15,92913,42280],{},[33,92915,92916],{},[88,92917,3724,92918,3657],{"href":91950},[15,92919,35663],{},[33,92921,92922],{},[88,92923,37435,92924,36524],{"href":36520},[15,92925,35663],{},[33,92927,92928],{},[88,92929,50446,92930],{"href":50445},[15,92931,50449],{},[2071,92933,92934],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":92936},[92937,92938,92940,92946,92954,92961,92963,92975,92976,92988],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":90790,"depth":133,"text":92939},"What range() does",{"id":90883,"depth":133,"text":92941,"children":92942},"range() syntax",[92943,92944,92945],{"id":90963,"depth":154,"text":90966},{"id":91027,"depth":154,"text":91030},{"id":91095,"depth":154,"text":91098},{"id":91166,"depth":133,"text":91167,"children":92947},[92948,92949,92950,92951,92952],{"id":91173,"depth":154,"text":90781},{"id":91236,"depth":154,"text":91239},{"id":91300,"depth":154,"text":91303},{"id":91376,"depth":154,"text":91377},{"id":76740,"depth":154,"text":92953},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91535,"depth":133,"text":92955,"children":92956},"Using range() in a for loop",[92957,92958,92959],{"id":91637,"depth":154,"text":91638},{"id":91682,"depth":154,"text":91683},{"id":91762,"depth":154,"text":92960},"range() and indexing",{"id":92037,"depth":133,"text":92962},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675,"children":92964},[92965,92966,92968,92969,92971,92973],{"id":92220,"depth":154,"text":92221},{"id":92316,"depth":154,"text":92967},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92382,"depth":154,"text":92383},{"id":92517,"depth":154,"text":92970},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92574,"depth":154,"text":92972},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92608,"depth":154,"text":92974},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92712,"depth":133,"text":92713},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":92977},[92978,92980,92982,92984,92986],{"id":92842,"depth":154,"text":92979},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92851,"depth":154,"text":92981},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92864,"depth":154,"text":92983},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92876,"depth":154,"text":92985},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92889,"depth":154,"text":92987},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90684,"description":92989},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92996,"title":92997,"body":92998,"description":94671,"extension":2111,"meta":94672,"navigation":157,"path":94673,"seo":94674,"stem":94675,"__hash__":94676},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92999,"toc":94644},[93000,93009,93016,93033,93049,93051,93100,93108,93112,93115,93135,93137,93201,93203,93246,93249,93295,93297,93330,93340,93346,93354,93371,93373,93404,93406,93431,93436,93447,93450,93520,93522,93553,93558,93563,93580,93582,93633,93635,93668,93671,93678,93683,93687,93703,93705,93749,93751,93797,93800,93813,93818,93822,93836,93838,93889,93891,93924,93929,93931,93938,93940,93963,93965,94030,94032,94049,94052,94085,94087,94115,94125,94132,94136,94139,94157,94160,94188,94191,94209,94214,94220,94223,94245,94247,94275,94277,94280,94305,94308,94421,94423,94502,94504,94510,94515,94523,94531,94535,94538,94540,94573,94575,94583,94589,94596,94603,94606,94608,94641],[10,93001,3724,93003,10729,93005,93008],{"id":93002},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93004,36113],{},[15,93006,93007],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93010,93011,1048,93013,93015],{},[15,93012,36113],{},[15,93014,93007],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[30,93017,93018,93026],{},[33,93019,93020,93022,93023],{},[15,93021,36113],{}," creates a ",[46,93024,93025],{},"range object",[33,93027,93028,93022,93030],{},[15,93029,93007],{},[46,93031,93032],{},"real list",[20,93034,93035,93036,93038,93039,93042,93043,93045,93046,93048],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93037,90781],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93040,93041],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93044,36113],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93047,93007],{}," when you actually need a list.",[51,93050,3758],{"id":3757},[56,93052,93054],{"className":58,"code":93053,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93055,93056,93070,93083],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93057,93058,93060,93062,93064,93066,93068],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93059,3768],{"class":71},[65,93061,76],{"class":75},[65,93063,53994],{"class":164},[65,93065,168],{"class":79},[65,93067,2284],{"class":96},[65,93069,174],{"class":79},[65,93071,93072,93074,93076,93078,93080],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,93073,165],{"class":164},[65,93075,168],{"class":79},[65,93077,3800],{"class":147},[65,93079,3813],{"class":79},[65,93081,93082],{"class":3816},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[65,93084,93085,93087,93089,93091,93093,93095,93097],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,93086,165],{"class":164},[65,93088,168],{"class":79},[65,93090,8244],{"class":1368},[65,93092,168],{"class":79},[65,93094,3800],{"class":147},[65,93096,5513],{"class":79},[65,93098,93099],{"class":3816},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93101,1309,93102,93104,93105,93107],{},[15,93103,36113],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93106,93007],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[51,93109,93111],{"id":93110},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93113,93114],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[30,93116,93117,93124,93129,93132],{},[33,93118,93119,1832,93121,93123],{},[15,93120,36113],{},[46,93122,93025],{},", not a list",[33,93125,93126,93128],{},[15,93127,93007],{}," converts that range object into a list",[33,93130,93131],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[33,93133,93134],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93136,350],{},[56,93138,93140],{"className":58,"code":93139,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93141,93142,93157,93176,93180,93190],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93143,93144,93147,93149,93151,93153,93155],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93145,93146],{"class":71},"r ",[65,93148,76],{"class":75},[65,93150,53994],{"class":164},[65,93152,168],{"class":79},[65,93154,2284],{"class":96},[65,93156,174],{"class":79},[65,93158,93159,93162,93164,93166,93168,93170,93172,93174],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,93160,93161],{"class":71},"lst ",[65,93163,76],{"class":75},[65,93165,22667],{"class":1368},[65,93167,168],{"class":79},[65,93169,59924],{"class":164},[65,93171,168],{"class":79},[65,93173,2284],{"class":96},[65,93175,1870],{"class":79},[65,93177,93178],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,93179,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,93181,93182,93184,93186,93188],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,93183,165],{"class":164},[65,93185,168],{"class":79},[65,93187,60431],{"class":147},[65,93189,174],{"class":79},[65,93191,93192,93194,93196,93199],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,93193,165],{"class":164},[65,93195,168],{"class":79},[65,93197,93198],{"class":147},"lst",[65,93200,174],{"class":79},[20,93202,191],{},[56,93204,93206],{"className":58,"code":93205,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93207,93208,93222],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93209,93210,93212,93214,93216,93218,93220],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93211,59924],{"class":164},[65,93213,168],{"class":79},[65,93215,2267],{"class":96},[65,93217,100],{"class":79},[65,93219,4762],{"class":96},[65,93221,174],{"class":79},[65,93223,93224,93226,93228,93230,93232,93234,93236,93238,93240,93242,93244],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,93225,4054],{"class":79},[65,93227,2267],{"class":96},[65,93229,100],{"class":79},[65,93231,97],{"class":96},[65,93233,100],{"class":79},[65,93235,113],{"class":96},[65,93237,100],{"class":79},[65,93239,127],{"class":96},[65,93241,100],{"class":79},[65,93243,2602],{"class":96},[65,93245,3786],{"class":79},[20,93247,93248],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[56,93250,93252],{"className":58,"code":93251,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93253,93254,93272],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93255,93256,93258,93260,93262,93264,93266,93268,93270],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93257,165],{"class":164},[65,93259,168],{"class":79},[65,93261,3370],{"class":1368},[65,93263,168],{"class":79},[65,93265,59924],{"class":164},[65,93267,168],{"class":79},[65,93269,2284],{"class":96},[65,93271,3058],{"class":79},[65,93273,93274,93276,93278,93280,93282,93284,93286,93288,93290,93292],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,93275,165],{"class":164},[65,93277,168],{"class":79},[65,93279,3370],{"class":1368},[65,93281,168],{"class":79},[65,93283,8244],{"class":1368},[65,93285,168],{"class":79},[65,93287,59924],{"class":164},[65,93289,168],{"class":79},[65,93291,2284],{"class":96},[65,93293,93294],{"class":79},"))))\n",[20,93296,191],{},[56,93298,93300],{"className":58,"code":93299,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93301,93302,93316],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93303,93304,93306,93308,93310,93312,93314],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93305,3439],{"class":75},[65,93307,3442],{"class":1696},[65,93309,233],{"class":83},[65,93311,59924],{"class":87},[65,93313,203],{"class":83},[65,93315,3451],{"class":75},[65,93317,93318,93320,93322,93324,93326,93328],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,93319,3439],{"class":75},[65,93321,3442],{"class":1696},[65,93323,233],{"class":83},[65,93325,8244],{"class":87},[65,93327,203],{"class":83},[65,93329,3451],{"class":75},[20,93331,93332,93333,93335,93336,144],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93334,36113],{}," works, see ",[88,93337,3724,93338,3657],{"href":92991},[15,93339,36113],{},[51,93341,252,93343,93345],{"id":93342},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93344,36113],{}," gives you",[20,93347,93348,93350,93351,93353],{},[15,93349,36113],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93352,6110],{}," loops.",[30,93355,93356,93359,93362,93365],{},[33,93357,93358],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[33,93360,93361],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[33,93363,93364],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[33,93366,93367,93368],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93369,93370],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93372,350],{},[56,93374,93376],{"className":58,"code":93375,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93377,93378,93394],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93379,93380,93382,93384,93386,93388,93390,93392],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93381,6110],{"class":1405},[65,93383,69475],{"class":71},[65,93385,4036],{"class":1405},[65,93387,53994],{"class":164},[65,93389,168],{"class":79},[65,93391,2284],{"class":96},[65,93393,8493],{"class":79},[65,93395,93396,93398,93400,93402],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,93397,1431],{"class":164},[65,93399,168],{"class":79},[65,93401,36069],{"class":147},[65,93403,174],{"class":79},[20,93405,191],{},[56,93407,93409],{"className":58,"code":93408,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93410,93411,93415,93419,93423,93427],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93412,93413],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93414,47173],{"class":96},[65,93416,93417],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,93418,46838],{"class":96},[65,93420,93421],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,93422,17177],{"class":96},[65,93424,93425],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,93426,46538],{"class":96},[65,93428,93429],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,93430,48572],{"class":96},[20,93432,20886,93433,93435],{},[15,93434,90781],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93437,93438,93439,93441,93442,144],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93440,36113],{}," is so common with ",[88,93443,3724,93445,90812],{"href":93444},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93446,6110],{},[20,93448,93449],{},"You can also inspect it:",[56,93451,93453],{"className":58,"code":93452,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93454,93455,93477,93481,93491,93505],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93456,93457,93459,93461,93463,93465,93467,93469,93471,93473,93475],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93458,93146],{"class":71},[65,93460,76],{"class":75},[65,93462,53994],{"class":164},[65,93464,168],{"class":79},[65,93466,2204],{"class":96},[65,93468,100],{"class":79},[65,93470,6157],{"class":96},[65,93472,100],{"class":79},[65,93474,113],{"class":96},[65,93476,174],{"class":79},[65,93478,93479],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,93480,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,93482,93483,93485,93487,93489],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,93484,165],{"class":164},[65,93486,168],{"class":79},[65,93488,60431],{"class":147},[65,93490,174],{"class":79},[65,93492,93493,93495,93497,93499,93501,93503],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,93494,165],{"class":164},[65,93496,168],{"class":79},[65,93498,1863],{"class":164},[65,93500,168],{"class":79},[65,93502,60431],{"class":147},[65,93504,1870],{"class":79},[65,93506,93507,93509,93511,93513,93515,93518],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,93508,165],{"class":164},[65,93510,168],{"class":79},[65,93512,80521],{"class":96},[65,93514,21289],{"class":1405},[65,93516,93517],{"class":147}," r",[65,93519,174],{"class":79},[20,93521,191],{},[56,93523,93525],{"className":58,"code":93524,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93526,93527,93545,93549],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93528,93529,93531,93533,93535,93537,93539,93541,93543],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93530,59924],{"class":164},[65,93532,168],{"class":79},[65,93534,2204],{"class":96},[65,93536,100],{"class":79},[65,93538,6157],{"class":96},[65,93540,100],{"class":79},[65,93542,113],{"class":96},[65,93544,174],{"class":79},[65,93546,93547],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,93548,48572],{"class":96},[65,93550,93551],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,93552,4134],{"class":4005},[51,93554,252,93556,93345],{"id":93555},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93557,93007],{},[20,93559,93560,93562],{},[15,93561,93007],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[30,93564,93565,93568,93571,93574],{},[33,93566,93567],{},"It creates all values at once",[33,93569,93570],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[33,93572,93573],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[33,93575,93576,93577,93579],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93578,36113],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93581,350],{},[56,93583,93585],{"className":58,"code":93584,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93586,93587,93605,93609,93619],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93588,93589,93591,93593,93595,93597,93599,93601,93603],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93590,3768],{"class":71},[65,93592,76],{"class":75},[65,93594,22667],{"class":1368},[65,93596,168],{"class":79},[65,93598,59924],{"class":164},[65,93600,168],{"class":79},[65,93602,2284],{"class":96},[65,93604,1870],{"class":79},[65,93606,93607],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,93608,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,93610,93611,93613,93615,93617],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,93612,165],{"class":164},[65,93614,168],{"class":79},[65,93616,3800],{"class":147},[65,93618,174],{"class":79},[65,93620,93621,93623,93625,93627,93629,93631],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,93622,165],{"class":164},[65,93624,168],{"class":79},[65,93626,3800],{"class":147},[65,93628,4054],{"class":79},[65,93630,2204],{"class":96},[65,93632,4042],{"class":79},[20,93634,191],{},[56,93636,93638],{"className":58,"code":93637,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93639,93640,93664],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93641,93642,93644,93646,93648,93650,93652,93654,93656,93658,93660,93662],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93643,4054],{"class":79},[65,93645,2267],{"class":96},[65,93647,100],{"class":79},[65,93649,97],{"class":96},[65,93651,100],{"class":79},[65,93653,113],{"class":96},[65,93655,100],{"class":79},[65,93657,127],{"class":96},[65,93659,100],{"class":79},[65,93661,2602],{"class":96},[65,93663,3786],{"class":79},[65,93665,93666],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,93667,17177],{"class":96},[20,93669,93670],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93672,93673,93674,144],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[88,93675,3724,93676,3657],{"href":64774},[15,93677,24888],{},[51,93679,1553,93681],{"id":93680},"when-to-use-range",[15,93682,36113],{},[20,93684,1309,93685,10745],{},[15,93686,36113],{},[30,93688,93689,93694,93697,93700],{},[33,93690,93691,93692,91541],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93693,6110],{},[33,93695,93696],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[33,93698,93699],{},"You are working with large sequences",[33,93701,93702],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93704,350],{},[56,93706,93708],{"className":58,"code":93707,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93709,93710,93730],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93711,93712,93714,93716,93718,93720,93722,93724,93726,93728],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93713,6110],{"class":1405},[65,93715,69475],{"class":71},[65,93717,4036],{"class":1405},[65,93719,53994],{"class":164},[65,93721,168],{"class":79},[65,93723,3135],{"class":96},[65,93725,100],{"class":79},[65,93727,37560],{"class":96},[65,93729,8493],{"class":79},[65,93731,93732,93734,93736,93738,93741,93743,93745,93747],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,93733,1431],{"class":164},[65,93735,168],{"class":79},[65,93737,84],{"class":83},[65,93739,93740],{"class":87},"Count:",[65,93742,84],{"class":83},[65,93744,100],{"class":79},[65,93746,36044],{"class":147},[65,93748,174],{"class":79},[20,93750,191],{},[56,93752,93754],{"className":58,"code":93753,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93755,93756,93765,93773,93781,93789],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93757,93758,93761,93763],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93759,93760],{"class":71},"Count",[65,93762,93],{"class":79},[65,93764,1290],{"class":96},[65,93766,93767,93769,93771],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,93768,93760],{"class":71},[65,93770,93],{"class":79},[65,93772,45510],{"class":96},[65,93774,93775,93777,93779],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,93776,93760],{"class":71},[65,93778,93],{"class":79},[65,93780,2723],{"class":96},[65,93782,93783,93785,93787],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,93784,93760],{"class":71},[65,93786,93],{"class":79},[65,93788,23770],{"class":96},[65,93790,93791,93793,93795],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,93792,93760],{"class":71},[65,93794,93],{"class":79},[65,93796,34755],{"class":96},[20,93798,93799],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93801,93802,93803,93805,93806,62214,93808,144],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93804,35663],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93807,36514],{},[88,93809,36521,93811,36524],{"href":93810},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93812,35663],{},[51,93814,1553,93816],{"id":93815},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93817,93007],{},[20,93819,1309,93820,10745],{},[15,93821,93007],{},[30,93823,93824,93827,93830,93833],{},[33,93825,93826],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[33,93828,93829],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[33,93831,93832],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[33,93834,93835],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93837,350],{},[56,93839,93841],{"className":58,"code":93840,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93842,93843,93861,93875,93879],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93844,93845,93847,93849,93851,93853,93855,93857,93859],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93846,3768],{"class":71},[65,93848,76],{"class":75},[65,93850,22667],{"class":1368},[65,93852,168],{"class":79},[65,93854,59924],{"class":164},[65,93856,168],{"class":79},[65,93858,2284],{"class":96},[65,93860,1870],{"class":79},[65,93862,93863,93865,93867,93869,93871,93873],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,93864,3800],{"class":71},[65,93866,144],{"class":79},[65,93868,13682],{"class":147},[65,93870,168],{"class":79},[65,93872,2284],{"class":96},[65,93874,174],{"class":79},[65,93876,93877],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,93878,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,93880,93881,93883,93885,93887],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,93882,165],{"class":164},[65,93884,168],{"class":79},[65,93886,3800],{"class":147},[65,93888,174],{"class":79},[20,93890,191],{},[56,93892,93894],{"className":58,"code":93893,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93895,93896],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93897,93898,93900,93902,93904,93906,93908,93910,93912,93914,93916,93918,93920,93922],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93899,4054],{"class":79},[65,93901,2267],{"class":96},[65,93903,100],{"class":79},[65,93905,97],{"class":96},[65,93907,100],{"class":79},[65,93909,113],{"class":96},[65,93911,100],{"class":79},[65,93913,127],{"class":96},[65,93915,100],{"class":79},[65,93917,2602],{"class":96},[65,93919,100],{"class":79},[65,93921,4762],{"class":96},[65,93923,3786],{"class":79},[20,93925,6213,93926,93928],{},[15,93927,3800],{}," is a list.",[51,93930,15719],{"id":15718},[20,93932,93933,93935,93936,144],{},[15,93934,36113],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[46,93937,37514],{},[20,93939,2254],{},[30,93941,93942,93944,93949,93954,93957],{},[33,93943,22096],{},[33,93945,93946,93947],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93948,42280],{},[33,93950,93951,93952],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93953,4036],{},[33,93955,93956],{},"You can index it",[33,93958,93959,93960,93962],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93961,52576],{}," do not work on it",[20,93964,350],{},[56,93966,93968],{"className":58,"code":93967,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93969,93970,93984,93988,94002,94016],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,93971,93972,93974,93976,93978,93980,93982],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,93973,93146],{"class":71},[65,93975,76],{"class":75},[65,93977,53994],{"class":164},[65,93979,168],{"class":79},[65,93981,2284],{"class":96},[65,93983,174],{"class":79},[65,93985,93986],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,93987,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,93989,93990,93992,93994,93996,93998,94000],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,93991,165],{"class":164},[65,93993,168],{"class":79},[65,93995,60431],{"class":147},[65,93997,4054],{"class":79},[65,93999,2204],{"class":96},[65,94001,4042],{"class":79},[65,94003,94004,94006,94008,94010,94012,94014],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,94005,165],{"class":164},[65,94007,168],{"class":79},[65,94009,1863],{"class":164},[65,94011,168],{"class":79},[65,94013,60431],{"class":147},[65,94015,1870],{"class":79},[65,94017,94018,94020,94022,94024,94026,94028],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,94019,165],{"class":164},[65,94021,168],{"class":79},[65,94023,2210],{"class":96},[65,94025,21289],{"class":1405},[65,94027,93517],{"class":147},[65,94029,174],{"class":79},[20,94031,191],{},[56,94033,94035],{"className":58,"code":94034,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94036,94037,94041,94045],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94038,94039],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94040,17177],{"class":96},[65,94042,94043],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,94044,3093],{"class":96},[65,94046,94047],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,94048,4134],{"class":4005},[20,94050,94051],{},"Now compare that with this:",[56,94053,94055],{"className":58,"code":94054,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94056,94057,94071],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94058,94059,94061,94063,94065,94067,94069],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94060,93146],{"class":71},[65,94062,76],{"class":75},[65,94064,53994],{"class":164},[65,94066,168],{"class":79},[65,94068,2284],{"class":96},[65,94070,174],{"class":79},[65,94072,94073,94075,94077,94079,94081,94083],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,94074,60431],{"class":71},[65,94076,144],{"class":79},[65,94078,13682],{"class":147},[65,94080,168],{"class":79},[65,94082,2284],{"class":96},[65,94084,174],{"class":79},[20,94086,191],{},[56,94088,94090],{"className":58,"code":94089,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94091,94092],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94093,94094,94096,94098,94100,94102,94104,94106,94109,94111,94113],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94095,25779],{"class":1368},[65,94097,93],{"class":79},[65,94099,233],{"class":83},[65,94101,59924],{"class":87},[65,94103,203],{"class":83},[65,94105,24724],{"class":1368},[65,94107,94108],{"class":71}," has no attribute ",[65,94110,203],{"class":83},[65,94112,13682],{"class":87},[65,94114,1379],{"class":83},[20,94116,94117,94118,1028,94120,2339,94122,94124],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94119,52576],{},[15,94121,55453],{},[15,94123,64238],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94126,94127,94128,144],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[88,94129,1546,94130],{"href":35333},[15,94131,34167],{},[51,94133,94135],{"id":94134},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94137,94138],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[56,94140,94141],{"className":58,"code":92617,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,94142,94143],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94144,94145,94147,94149,94151,94153,94155],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94146,165],{"class":164},[65,94148,168],{"class":79},[65,94150,59924],{"class":164},[65,94152,168],{"class":79},[65,94154,2284],{"class":96},[65,94156,1870],{"class":79},[20,94158,94159],{},"to show:",[56,94161,94162],{"className":58,"code":59947,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,94163,94164],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94165,94166,94168,94170,94172,94174,94176,94178,94180,94182,94184,94186],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94167,4054],{"class":79},[65,94169,2267],{"class":96},[65,94171,100],{"class":79},[65,94173,97],{"class":96},[65,94175,100],{"class":79},[65,94177,113],{"class":96},[65,94179,100],{"class":79},[65,94181,127],{"class":96},[65,94183,100],{"class":79},[65,94185,2602],{"class":96},[65,94187,3786],{"class":79},[20,94189,94190],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[56,94192,94193],{"className":58,"code":92638,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,94194,94195],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94196,94197,94199,94201,94203,94205,94207],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94198,59924],{"class":164},[65,94200,168],{"class":79},[65,94202,2267],{"class":96},[65,94204,100],{"class":79},[65,94206,4762],{"class":96},[65,94208,174],{"class":79},[20,94210,4785,94211,94213],{},[46,94212,1014],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94215,94216,94217,94219],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[46,94218,93025],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94221,94222],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[56,94224,94225],{"className":58,"code":90974,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,94226,94227],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94228,94229,94231,94233,94235,94237,94239,94241,94243],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94230,165],{"class":164},[65,94232,168],{"class":79},[65,94234,8244],{"class":1368},[65,94236,168],{"class":79},[65,94238,59924],{"class":164},[65,94240,168],{"class":79},[65,94242,2284],{"class":96},[65,94244,3058],{"class":79},[20,94246,191],{},[56,94248,94249],{"className":58,"code":59947,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,94250,94251],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94252,94253,94255,94257,94259,94261,94263,94265,94267,94269,94271,94273],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94254,4054],{"class":79},[65,94256,2267],{"class":96},[65,94258,100],{"class":79},[65,94260,97],{"class":96},[65,94262,100],{"class":79},[65,94264,113],{"class":96},[65,94266,100],{"class":79},[65,94268,127],{"class":96},[65,94270,100],{"class":79},[65,94272,2602],{"class":96},[65,94274,3786],{"class":79},[51,94276,1766],{"id":1765},[20,94278,94279],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[30,94281,94282,94288,94291,94297],{},[33,94283,8569,94284,94287],{},[15,94285,94286],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[33,94289,94290],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[33,94292,94293,94294,94296],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94295,36113],{}," is iterable but not a list",[33,94298,8569,94299,94301,94302,94304],{},[15,94300,93007],{}," when plain ",[15,94303,36113],{}," would be simpler",[20,94306,94307],{},"These quick checks can help:",[56,94309,94311],{"className":58,"code":94310,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94312,94313,94327,94345,94363,94385,94403],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94314,94315,94317,94319,94321,94323,94325],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94316,165],{"class":164},[65,94318,168],{"class":79},[65,94320,59924],{"class":164},[65,94322,168],{"class":79},[65,94324,2284],{"class":96},[65,94326,1870],{"class":79},[65,94328,94329,94331,94333,94335,94337,94339,94341,94343],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,94330,165],{"class":164},[65,94332,168],{"class":79},[65,94334,8244],{"class":1368},[65,94336,168],{"class":79},[65,94338,59924],{"class":164},[65,94340,168],{"class":79},[65,94342,2284],{"class":96},[65,94344,3058],{"class":79},[65,94346,94347,94349,94351,94353,94355,94357,94359,94361],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,94348,165],{"class":164},[65,94350,168],{"class":79},[65,94352,3370],{"class":1368},[65,94354,168],{"class":79},[65,94356,59924],{"class":164},[65,94358,168],{"class":79},[65,94360,2284],{"class":96},[65,94362,3058],{"class":79},[65,94364,94365,94367,94369,94371,94373,94375,94377,94379,94381,94383],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,94366,165],{"class":164},[65,94368,168],{"class":79},[65,94370,3370],{"class":1368},[65,94372,168],{"class":79},[65,94374,8244],{"class":1368},[65,94376,168],{"class":79},[65,94378,59924],{"class":164},[65,94380,168],{"class":79},[65,94382,2284],{"class":96},[65,94384,93294],{"class":79},[65,94386,94387,94389,94391,94393,94395,94397,94399,94401],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,94388,165],{"class":164},[65,94390,168],{"class":79},[65,94392,2210],{"class":96},[65,94394,21289],{"class":1405},[65,94396,53994],{"class":164},[65,94398,168],{"class":79},[65,94400,2284],{"class":96},[65,94402,1870],{"class":79},[65,94404,94405,94407,94409,94411,94413,94415,94417,94419],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,94406,165],{"class":164},[65,94408,168],{"class":79},[65,94410,1863],{"class":164},[65,94412,168],{"class":79},[65,94414,59924],{"class":164},[65,94416,168],{"class":79},[65,94418,2284],{"class":96},[65,94420,3058],{"class":79},[20,94422,191],{},[56,94424,94426],{"className":58,"code":94425,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94427,94428,94442,94466,94480,94494,94498],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94429,94430,94432,94434,94436,94438,94440],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94431,59924],{"class":164},[65,94433,168],{"class":79},[65,94435,2267],{"class":96},[65,94437,100],{"class":79},[65,94439,4762],{"class":96},[65,94441,174],{"class":79},[65,94443,94444,94446,94448,94450,94452,94454,94456,94458,94460,94462,94464],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,94445,4054],{"class":79},[65,94447,2267],{"class":96},[65,94449,100],{"class":79},[65,94451,97],{"class":96},[65,94453,100],{"class":79},[65,94455,113],{"class":96},[65,94457,100],{"class":79},[65,94459,127],{"class":96},[65,94461,100],{"class":79},[65,94463,2602],{"class":96},[65,94465,3786],{"class":79},[65,94467,94468,94470,94472,94474,94476,94478],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,94469,3439],{"class":75},[65,94471,3442],{"class":1696},[65,94473,233],{"class":83},[65,94475,59924],{"class":87},[65,94477,203],{"class":83},[65,94479,3451],{"class":75},[65,94481,94482,94484,94486,94488,94490,94492],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,94483,3439],{"class":75},[65,94485,3442],{"class":1696},[65,94487,233],{"class":83},[65,94489,8244],{"class":87},[65,94491,203],{"class":83},[65,94493,3451],{"class":75},[65,94495,94496],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,94497,4134],{"class":4005},[65,94499,94500],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,94501,3093],{"class":96},[51,94503,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,94505,15029,94507,94509],{"id":94506},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94508,36113],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94511,46286,94512,94514],{},[15,94513,36113],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1059,94516,94518,94519,11237,94521,2637],{"id":94517},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94520,36113],{},[15,94522,93007],{},[20,94524,94525,94527,94528,94530],{},[15,94526,36113],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94529,93007],{}," creates a full list.",[1059,94532,94534],{"id":94533},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94536,94537],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94539,350],{},[56,94541,94543],{"className":58,"code":94542,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94544,94545,94559],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94546,94547,94549,94551,94553,94555,94557],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94548,93146],{"class":71},[65,94550,76],{"class":75},[65,94552,53994],{"class":164},[65,94554,168],{"class":79},[65,94556,2284],{"class":96},[65,94558,174],{"class":79},[65,94560,94561,94563,94565,94567,94569,94571],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,94562,165],{"class":164},[65,94564,168],{"class":79},[65,94566,60431],{"class":147},[65,94568,4054],{"class":79},[65,94570,3135],{"class":96},[65,94572,4042],{"class":79},[20,94574,191],{},[56,94576,94577],{"className":58,"code":46838,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,94578,94579],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94580,94581],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94582,46838],{"class":96},[1059,94584,5308,94586,94588],{"id":94585},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94587,94286],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94590,94591,94592,94595],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94593,94594],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1059,94597,94599,94600,94602],{"id":94598},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94601,36113],{}," to a list?",[20,94604,94605],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[51,94607,2015],{"id":2014},[30,94609,94610,94616,94622,94629,94635],{},[33,94611,94612],{},[88,94613,3724,94614,3657],{"href":92991},[15,94615,36113],{},[33,94617,94618],{},[88,94619,3724,94620,3657],{"href":64774},[15,94621,24888],{},[33,94623,94624],{},[88,94625,3724,94626,94628],{"href":93444},[15,94627,6110],{}," loops explained",[33,94630,94631],{},[88,94632,37435,94633,36524],{"href":93810},[15,94634,35663],{},[33,94636,94637],{},[88,94638,26229,94639],{"href":35333},[15,94640,34167],{},[2071,94642,94643],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":94645},[94646,94647,94648,94650,94652,94654,94656,94657,94658,94659,94670],{"id":3757,"depth":133,"text":3758},{"id":93110,"depth":133,"text":93111},{"id":93342,"depth":133,"text":94649},"What range() gives you",{"id":93555,"depth":133,"text":94651},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93680,"depth":133,"text":94653},"When to use range()",{"id":93815,"depth":133,"text":94655},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15718,"depth":133,"text":15719},{"id":94134,"depth":133,"text":94135},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":94660},[94661,94663,94665,94666,94668],{"id":94506,"depth":154,"text":94662},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94517,"depth":154,"text":94664},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94533,"depth":154,"text":94534},{"id":94585,"depth":154,"text":94667},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94598,"depth":154,"text":94669},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92997,"description":94671},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94678,"title":94679,"body":94680,"description":96116,"extension":2111,"meta":96117,"navigation":157,"path":96118,"seo":96119,"stem":96120,"__hash__":96121},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94681,"toc":96082},[94682,94688,94693,94696,94710,94713,94715,94754,94756,94769,94777,94782,94798,94801,94803,94805,94826,94843,94846,94905,94907,94926,94931,94937,94940,94974,94976,94989,94992,95037,95039,95062,95069,95075,95078,95119,95121,95135,95138,95196,95198,95213,95226,95232,95238,95303,95305,95324,95326,95344,95347,95351,95357,95359,95392,95394,95407,95417,95420,95481,95483,95504,95507,95509,95525,95530,95534,95539,95544,95600,95602,95620,95623,95668,95670,95678,95683,95687,95701,95703,95735,95737,95746,95748,95752,95761,95764,95796,95798,95810,95813,95817,95822,95863,95865,95873,95876,95899,95903,95905,95914,95917,95970,95972,95981,95985,95990,96001,96003,96012,96015,96021,96024,96030,96040,96048,96055,96057,96079],[10,94683,3724,94685,3728],{"id":94684},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94686,94687],{},"round()",[20,94689,9274,94690,94692],{},[15,94691,94687],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94694,94695],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[30,94697,94698,94704],{},[33,94699,94700,94703],{},[15,94701,94702],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[33,94705,94706,94709],{},[15,94707,94708],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94711,94712],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[51,94714,54],{"id":53},[56,94716,94718],{"className":58,"code":94717,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94719,94720,94736],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94721,94722,94724,94726,94729,94731,94734],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94723,165],{"class":164},[65,94725,168],{"class":79},[65,94727,94728],{"class":164},"round",[65,94730,168],{"class":79},[65,94732,94733],{"class":96},"3.14159",[65,94735,1870],{"class":79},[65,94737,94738,94740,94742,94744,94746,94748,94750,94752],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,94739,165],{"class":164},[65,94741,168],{"class":79},[65,94743,94728],{"class":164},[65,94745,168],{"class":79},[65,94747,94733],{"class":96},[65,94749,100],{"class":79},[65,94751,113],{"class":96},[65,94753,1870],{"class":79},[20,94755,191],{},[56,94757,94759],{"className":58,"code":94758,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94760,94761,94765],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94762,94763],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94764,46538],{"class":96},[65,94766,94767],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,94768,40095],{"class":96},[20,94770,1309,94771,94773,94774,94776],{},[15,94772,94702],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94775,94708],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[51,94778,252,94780,255],{"id":94779},"what-round-does",[15,94781,94687],{},[30,94783,94784,94789,94792,94795],{},[33,94785,94786,94788],{},[15,94787,94687],{}," is a built-in Python function",[33,94790,94791],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[33,94793,94794],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[33,94796,94797],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94799,94800],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[51,94802,283],{"id":282},[20,94804,2307],{},[56,94806,94808],{"className":58,"code":94807,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94809,94810],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94811,94812,94814,94816,94818,94821,94824],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94813,94728],{"class":164},[65,94815,168],{"class":79},[65,94817,2385],{"class":147},[65,94819,94820],{"class":79},"[,",[65,94822,94823],{"class":147}," ndigits",[65,94825,4042],{"class":79},[30,94827,94828,94833,94838],{},[33,94829,94830,94832],{},[15,94831,2385],{}," is the value to round",[33,94834,94835,20154],{},[15,94836,94837],{},"ndigits",[33,94839,94840,94842],{},[15,94841,94837],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94844,94845],{},"Basic examples:",[56,94847,94849],{"className":58,"code":94848,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94850,94851,94866,94884],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94852,94853,94855,94857,94859,94861,94864],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94854,165],{"class":164},[65,94856,168],{"class":79},[65,94858,94728],{"class":164},[65,94860,168],{"class":79},[65,94862,94863],{"class":96},"7.8",[65,94865,1870],{"class":79},[65,94867,94868,94870,94872,94874,94876,94878,94880,94882],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,94869,165],{"class":164},[65,94871,168],{"class":79},[65,94873,94728],{"class":164},[65,94875,168],{"class":79},[65,94877,94863],{"class":96},[65,94879,100],{"class":79},[65,94881,97],{"class":96},[65,94883,1870],{"class":79},[65,94885,94886,94888,94890,94892,94894,94897,94899,94901,94903],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,94887,165],{"class":164},[65,94889,168],{"class":79},[65,94891,94728],{"class":164},[65,94893,168],{"class":79},[65,94895,94896],{"class":96},"1234",[65,94898,100],{"class":79},[65,94900,2368],{"class":75},[65,94902,2204],{"class":96},[65,94904,1870],{"class":79},[20,94906,191],{},[56,94908,94910],{"className":58,"code":94909,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94911,94912,94916,94921],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94913,94914],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94915,2527],{"class":96},[65,94917,94918],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,94919,94920],{"class":96},"7.8\n",[65,94922,94923],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,94924,94925],{"class":96},"1200\n",[20,94927,94928,94929,144],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[88,94930,2566],{"href":2565},[51,94932,8569,94934,94936],{"id":94933},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94935,94687],{}," with one argument",[20,94938,94939],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[56,94941,94943],{"className":58,"code":94942,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94944,94945,94959],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94946,94947,94949,94951,94953,94955,94957],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94948,165],{"class":164},[65,94950,168],{"class":79},[65,94952,94728],{"class":164},[65,94954,168],{"class":79},[65,94956,2508],{"class":96},[65,94958,1870],{"class":79},[65,94960,94961,94963,94965,94967,94969,94972],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,94962,165],{"class":164},[65,94964,168],{"class":79},[65,94966,94728],{"class":164},[65,94968,168],{"class":79},[65,94970,94971],{"class":96},"4.8",[65,94973,1870],{"class":79},[20,94975,191],{},[56,94977,94979],{"className":58,"code":94978,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"4\n5\n",[15,94980,94981,94985],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94982,94983],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,94984,48572],{"class":96},[65,94986,94987],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,94988,3093],{"class":96},[20,94990,94991],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[56,94993,94995],{"className":58,"code":94994,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94996,94997,95013,95023],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,94998,94999,95001,95003,95006,95008,95011],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95000,401],{"class":71},[65,95002,76],{"class":75},[65,95004,95005],{"class":164}," round",[65,95007,168],{"class":79},[65,95009,95010],{"class":96},"10.2",[65,95012,174],{"class":79},[65,95014,95015,95017,95019,95021],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95016,165],{"class":164},[65,95018,168],{"class":79},[65,95020,425],{"class":147},[65,95022,174],{"class":79},[65,95024,95025,95027,95029,95031,95033,95035],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,95026,165],{"class":164},[65,95028,168],{"class":79},[65,95030,3370],{"class":1368},[65,95032,168],{"class":79},[65,95034,425],{"class":147},[65,95036,1870],{"class":79},[20,95038,191],{},[56,95040,95042],{"className":58,"code":95041,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95043,95044,95048],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95045,95046],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95047,2522],{"class":96},[65,95049,95050,95052,95054,95056,95058,95060],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95051,3439],{"class":75},[65,95053,3442],{"class":1696},[65,95055,233],{"class":83},[65,95057,2335],{"class":87},[65,95059,203],{"class":83},[65,95061,3451],{"class":75},[20,95063,95064,95065,144],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[88,95066,3724,95067,3657],{"href":3020},[15,95068,3023],{},[51,95070,8569,95072,95074],{"id":95071},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95073,94687],{}," with decimal places",[20,95076,95077],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[56,95079,95081],{"className":58,"code":95080,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95082,95083,95101],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95084,95085,95087,95089,95091,95093,95095,95097,95099],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95086,165],{"class":164},[65,95088,168],{"class":79},[65,95090,94728],{"class":164},[65,95092,168],{"class":79},[65,95094,94733],{"class":96},[65,95096,100],{"class":79},[65,95098,113],{"class":96},[65,95100,1870],{"class":79},[65,95102,95103,95105,95107,95109,95111,95113,95115,95117],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95104,165],{"class":164},[65,95106,168],{"class":79},[65,95108,94728],{"class":164},[65,95110,168],{"class":79},[65,95112,94733],{"class":96},[65,95114,100],{"class":79},[65,95116,127],{"class":96},[65,95118,1870],{"class":79},[20,95120,191],{},[56,95122,95124],{"className":58,"code":95123,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95125,95126,95130],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95127,95128],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95129,40095],{"class":96},[65,95131,95132],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95133,95134],{"class":96},"3.142\n",[20,95136,95137],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[56,95139,95141],{"className":58,"code":95140,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95142,95143,95152,95171,95175,95185],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95144,95145,95147,95149],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95146,40305],{"class":71},[65,95148,76],{"class":75},[65,95150,95151],{"class":96}," 19.9876\n",[65,95153,95154,95157,95159,95161,95163,95165,95167,95169],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95155,95156],{"class":71},"rounded_price ",[65,95158,76],{"class":75},[65,95160,95005],{"class":164},[65,95162,168],{"class":79},[65,95164,25257],{"class":147},[65,95166,100],{"class":79},[65,95168,113],{"class":96},[65,95170,174],{"class":79},[65,95172,95173],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,95174,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,95176,95177,95179,95181,95183],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,95178,165],{"class":164},[65,95180,168],{"class":79},[65,95182,25257],{"class":147},[65,95184,174],{"class":79},[65,95186,95187,95189,95191,95194],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,95188,165],{"class":164},[65,95190,168],{"class":79},[65,95192,95193],{"class":147},"rounded_price",[65,95195,174],{"class":79},[20,95197,191],{},[56,95199,95201],{"className":58,"code":95200,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95202,95203,95208],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95204,95205],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95206,95207],{"class":96},"19.9876\n",[65,95209,95210],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95211,95212],{"class":96},"19.99\n",[20,95214,95215,95216,95219,95220,3024,95222,144],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95217,95218],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[88,95221,40810],{"href":40809},[88,95223,3724,95224,3657],{"href":3027},[15,95225,3030],{},[51,95227,95229,95230],{"id":95228},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95231,94837],{},[20,95233,95234,95235,95237],{},"A negative ",[15,95236,94837],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[56,95239,95241],{"className":58,"code":95240,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95242,95243,95263,95283],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95244,95245,95247,95249,95251,95253,95255,95257,95259,95261],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95246,165],{"class":164},[65,95248,168],{"class":79},[65,95250,94728],{"class":164},[65,95252,168],{"class":79},[65,95254,94896],{"class":96},[65,95256,100],{"class":79},[65,95258,2368],{"class":75},[65,95260,3135],{"class":96},[65,95262,1870],{"class":79},[65,95264,95265,95267,95269,95271,95273,95275,95277,95279,95281],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95266,165],{"class":164},[65,95268,168],{"class":79},[65,95270,94728],{"class":164},[65,95272,168],{"class":79},[65,95274,94896],{"class":96},[65,95276,100],{"class":79},[65,95278,2368],{"class":75},[65,95280,2204],{"class":96},[65,95282,1870],{"class":79},[65,95284,95285,95287,95289,95291,95293,95295,95297,95299,95301],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,95286,165],{"class":164},[65,95288,168],{"class":79},[65,95290,94728],{"class":164},[65,95292,168],{"class":79},[65,95294,94896],{"class":96},[65,95296,100],{"class":79},[65,95298,2368],{"class":75},[65,95300,2210],{"class":96},[65,95302,1870],{"class":79},[20,95304,191],{},[56,95306,95308],{"className":58,"code":95307,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95309,95310,95315,95319],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95311,95312],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95313,95314],{"class":96},"1230\n",[65,95316,95317],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95318,94925],{"class":96},[65,95320,95321],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,95322,95323],{"class":96},"1000\n",[20,95325,65511],{},[30,95327,95328,95333,95339],{},[33,95329,95330,95332],{},[15,95331,65781],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[33,95334,95335,95338],{},[15,95336,95337],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[33,95340,95341,95343],{},[15,95342,47592],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95345,95346],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[51,95348,95350],{"id":95349},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95352,95353,95354,144],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95355,95356],{},".5",[20,95358,5624],{},[56,95360,95362],{"className":58,"code":95361,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95363,95364,95378],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95365,95366,95368,95370,95372,95374,95376],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95367,165],{"class":164},[65,95369,168],{"class":79},[65,95371,94728],{"class":164},[65,95373,168],{"class":79},[65,95375,41077],{"class":96},[65,95377,1870],{"class":79},[65,95379,95380,95382,95384,95386,95388,95390],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95381,165],{"class":164},[65,95383,168],{"class":79},[65,95385,94728],{"class":164},[65,95387,168],{"class":79},[65,95389,2187],{"class":96},[65,95391,1870],{"class":79},[20,95393,191],{},[56,95395,95397],{"className":58,"code":95396,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"2\n4\n",[15,95398,95399,95403],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95400,95401],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95402,17177],{"class":96},[65,95404,95405],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95406,48572],{"class":96},[20,95408,95409,95410,95413,95414,95416],{},"Python uses ",[46,95411,95412],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95415,95356],{}," situations.",[20,95418,95419],{},"More examples:",[56,95421,95423],{"className":58,"code":95422,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95424,95425,95439,95453,95467],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95426,95427,95429,95431,95433,95435,95437],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95428,165],{"class":164},[65,95430,168],{"class":79},[65,95432,94728],{"class":164},[65,95434,168],{"class":79},[65,95436,41090],{"class":96},[65,95438,1870],{"class":79},[65,95440,95441,95443,95445,95447,95449,95451],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95442,165],{"class":164},[65,95444,168],{"class":79},[65,95446,94728],{"class":164},[65,95448,168],{"class":79},[65,95450,41077],{"class":96},[65,95452,1870],{"class":79},[65,95454,95455,95457,95459,95461,95463,95465],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,95456,165],{"class":164},[65,95458,168],{"class":79},[65,95460,94728],{"class":164},[65,95462,168],{"class":79},[65,95464,2187],{"class":96},[65,95466,1870],{"class":79},[65,95468,95469,95471,95473,95475,95477,95479],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,95470,165],{"class":164},[65,95472,168],{"class":79},[65,95474,94728],{"class":164},[65,95476,168],{"class":79},[65,95478,41042],{"class":96},[65,95480,1870],{"class":79},[20,95482,191],{},[56,95484,95486],{"className":58,"code":95485,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95487,95488,95492,95496,95500],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95489,95490],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95491,17177],{"class":96},[65,95493,95494],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95495,17177],{"class":96},[65,95497,95498],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,95499,48572],{"class":96},[65,95501,95502],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,95503,48572],{"class":96},[20,95505,95506],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95508,10857],{},[30,95510,95511,95518],{},[33,95512,95513,2281,95516],{},[15,95514,95515],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95517,2204],{},[33,95519,95520,2281,95523],{},[15,95521,95522],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95524,2650],{},[20,95526,3317,95527,95529],{},[15,95528,95356],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[51,95531,95533],{"id":95532},"return-values","Return values",[20,95535,95536,95538],{},[15,95537,94687],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95540,40824,95541,95543],{},[46,95542,1014],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[56,95545,95547],{"className":58,"code":95546,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95548,95549,95558,95562,95572,95590],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95550,95551,95553,95555],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95552,1189],{"class":71},[65,95554,76],{"class":75},[65,95556,95557],{"class":96}," 3.14159\n",[65,95559,95560],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95561,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,95563,95564,95566,95568,95570],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,95565,165],{"class":164},[65,95567,168],{"class":79},[65,95569,1714],{"class":147},[65,95571,174],{"class":79},[65,95573,95574,95576,95578,95580,95582,95584,95586,95588],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,95575,165],{"class":164},[65,95577,168],{"class":79},[65,95579,94728],{"class":164},[65,95581,168],{"class":79},[65,95583,1714],{"class":147},[65,95585,100],{"class":79},[65,95587,113],{"class":96},[65,95589,1870],{"class":79},[65,95591,95592,95594,95596,95598],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,95593,165],{"class":164},[65,95595,168],{"class":79},[65,95597,1714],{"class":147},[65,95599,174],{"class":79},[20,95601,191],{},[56,95603,95605],{"className":58,"code":95604,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95606,95607,95612,95616],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95608,95609],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95610,95611],{"class":96},"3.14159\n",[65,95613,95614],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95615,40095],{"class":96},[65,95617,95618],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,95619,95611],{"class":96},[20,95621,95622],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[56,95624,95626],{"className":58,"code":95625,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95627,95628,95636,95654,95658],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95629,95630,95632,95634],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95631,1189],{"class":71},[65,95633,76],{"class":75},[65,95635,95557],{"class":96},[65,95637,95638,95640,95642,95644,95646,95648,95650,95652],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95639,1189],{"class":71},[65,95641,76],{"class":75},[65,95643,95005],{"class":164},[65,95645,168],{"class":79},[65,95647,1714],{"class":147},[65,95649,100],{"class":79},[65,95651,113],{"class":96},[65,95653,174],{"class":79},[65,95655,95656],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,95657,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,95659,95660,95662,95664,95666],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,95661,165],{"class":164},[65,95663,168],{"class":79},[65,95665,1714],{"class":147},[65,95667,174],{"class":79},[20,95669,191],{},[56,95671,95672],{"className":58,"code":40095,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,95673,95674],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95675,95676],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95677,40095],{"class":96},[51,95679,1553,95681],{"id":95680},"when-to-use-round",[15,95682,94687],{},[20,95684,1309,95685,6471],{},[15,95686,94687],{},[30,95688,95689,95692,95695,95698],{},[33,95690,95691],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[33,95693,95694],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[33,95696,95697],{},"Round values before reporting results",[33,95699,95700],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95702,5624],{},[56,95704,95706],{"className":58,"code":95705,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95707,95708,95717],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95709,95710,95712,95714],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95711,2742],{"class":71},[65,95713,76],{"class":75},[65,95715,95716],{"class":96}," 12.67891\n",[65,95718,95719,95721,95723,95725,95727,95729,95731,95733],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95720,165],{"class":164},[65,95722,168],{"class":79},[65,95724,94728],{"class":164},[65,95726,168],{"class":79},[65,95728,2765],{"class":147},[65,95730,100],{"class":79},[65,95732,113],{"class":96},[65,95734,1870],{"class":79},[20,95736,191],{},[56,95738,95740],{"className":58,"code":95739,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"12.68\n",[15,95741,95742],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95743,95744],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95745,95739],{"class":96},[51,95747,1766],{"id":1765},[20,95749,23202,95750,144],{},[15,95751,94687],{},[1059,95753,1792,95755,95757,95758,95760],{"id":95754},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95756,94687],{}," to always round ",[15,95759,95356],{}," upward",[20,95762,95763],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[56,95765,95766],{"className":58,"code":95361,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,95767,95768,95782],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95769,95770,95772,95774,95776,95778,95780],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95771,165],{"class":164},[65,95773,168],{"class":79},[65,95775,94728],{"class":164},[65,95777,168],{"class":79},[65,95779,41077],{"class":96},[65,95781,1870],{"class":79},[65,95783,95784,95786,95788,95790,95792,95794],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95785,165],{"class":164},[65,95787,168],{"class":79},[65,95789,94728],{"class":164},[65,95791,168],{"class":79},[65,95793,2187],{"class":96},[65,95795,1870],{"class":79},[20,95797,191],{},[56,95799,95800],{"className":58,"code":95396,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,95801,95802,95806],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95803,95804],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95805,17177],{"class":96},[65,95807,95808],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95809,48572],{"class":96},[20,95811,95812],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1059,95814,95816],{"id":95815},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95818,95819,95821],{},[15,95820,94687],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[56,95823,95825],{"className":58,"code":95824,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95826,95827,95835,95849,95853],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95828,95829,95831,95833],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95830,1189],{"class":71},[65,95832,76],{"class":75},[65,95834,95557],{"class":96},[65,95836,95837,95839,95841,95843,95845,95847],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95838,94728],{"class":164},[65,95840,168],{"class":79},[65,95842,1714],{"class":147},[65,95844,100],{"class":79},[65,95846,113],{"class":96},[65,95848,174],{"class":79},[65,95850,95851],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,95852,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,95854,95855,95857,95859,95861],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,95856,165],{"class":164},[65,95858,168],{"class":79},[65,95860,1714],{"class":147},[65,95862,174],{"class":79},[20,95864,191],{},[56,95866,95867],{"className":58,"code":95611,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,95868,95869],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95870,95871],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95872,95611],{"class":96},[20,95874,95875],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[56,95877,95879],{"className":58,"code":95878,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95880,95881],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95882,95883,95885,95887,95889,95891,95893,95895,95897],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95884,1189],{"class":71},[65,95886,76],{"class":75},[65,95888,95005],{"class":164},[65,95890,168],{"class":79},[65,95892,1714],{"class":147},[65,95894,100],{"class":79},[65,95896,113],{"class":96},[65,95898,174],{"class":79},[1059,95900,95902],{"id":95901},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95904,16523],{},[56,95906,95908],{"className":58,"code":95907,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95909,95910],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95911,95912],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95913,95907],{"class":3816},[20,95915,95916],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[56,95918,95920],{"className":58,"code":95919,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95921,95922,95934,95948,95952],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95923,95924,95926,95928,95930,95932],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95925,34600],{"class":71},[65,95927,76],{"class":75},[65,95929,103],{"class":83},[65,95931,40061],{"class":87},[65,95933,1650],{"class":83},[65,95935,95936,95938,95940,95942,95944,95946],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,95937,2363],{"class":71},[65,95939,76],{"class":75},[65,95941,40173],{"class":1368},[65,95943,168],{"class":79},[65,95945,34621],{"class":147},[65,95947,174],{"class":79},[65,95949,95950],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,95951,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,95953,95954,95956,95958,95960,95962,95964,95966,95968],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,95955,165],{"class":164},[65,95957,168],{"class":79},[65,95959,94728],{"class":164},[65,95961,168],{"class":79},[65,95963,2385],{"class":147},[65,95965,100],{"class":79},[65,95967,97],{"class":96},[65,95969,1870],{"class":79},[20,95971,191],{},[56,95973,95975],{"className":58,"code":95974,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"3.1\n",[15,95976,95977],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,95978,95979],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,95980,95974],{"class":96},[1059,95982,95984],{"id":95983},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95986,95987,95989],{},[15,95988,94687],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95991,95992,95993,3024,95997,144],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[88,95994,95995],{"href":3027},[15,95996,3030],{},[88,95998,95999],{"href":3020},[15,96000,3023],{},[51,96002,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,96004,1966,96006,96008,96009,96011],{"id":96005},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96007,94687],{}," always round ",[15,96010,40132],{}," up?",[20,96013,96014],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1059,96016,1966,96018,96020],{"id":96017},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96019,94687],{}," change the original number?",[20,96022,96023],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1059,96025,5320,96027,96029],{"id":96026},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96028,94687],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96031,96032,96033,96035,96036,3024,96038,144],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96034,94837],{}," value like ",[15,96037,65781],{},[15,96039,95337],{},[1059,96041,28432,96043,96045,96046,2637],{"id":96042},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96044,94687],{}," on a string like ",[15,96047,48016],{},[20,96049,96050,96051,3024,96053,144],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96052,3030],{},[15,96054,3023],{},[51,96056,2015],{"id":2014},[30,96058,96059,96065,96071,96075],{},[33,96060,96061],{},[88,96062,3724,96063,3657],{"href":3027},[15,96064,3030],{},[33,96066,96067],{},[88,96068,3724,96069,3657],{"href":3020},[15,96070,3023],{},[33,96072,96073],{},[88,96074,2566],{"href":2565},[33,96076,96077],{},[88,96078,42100],{"href":40809},[2071,96080,96081],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":96083},[96084,96085,96087,96088,96090,96092,96094,96095,96096,96098,96105,96115],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":94779,"depth":133,"text":96086},"What round() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":94933,"depth":133,"text":96089},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95071,"depth":133,"text":96091},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95228,"depth":133,"text":96093},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95349,"depth":133,"text":95350},{"id":95532,"depth":133,"text":95533},{"id":95680,"depth":133,"text":96097},"When to use round()",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":96099},[96100,96102,96103,96104],{"id":95754,"depth":154,"text":96101},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95815,"depth":154,"text":95816},{"id":95901,"depth":154,"text":95902},{"id":95983,"depth":154,"text":95984},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":96106},[96107,96109,96111,96113],{"id":96005,"depth":154,"text":96108},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96017,"depth":154,"text":96110},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96026,"depth":154,"text":96112},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96042,"depth":154,"text":96114},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94679,"description":96116},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96123,"title":96124,"body":96125,"description":97310,"extension":2111,"meta":97311,"navigation":157,"path":97312,"seo":97313,"stem":97314,"__hash__":97315},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96126,"toc":97284},[96127,96134,96140,96143,96145,96194,96198,96223,96228,96233,96238,96252,96263,96265,96284,96286,96302,96305,96316,96318,96320,96381,96385,96418,96425,96432,96435,96468,96471,96475,96478,96531,96535,96556,96562,96569,96576,96637,96645,96722,96726,96738,96747,96749,96755,96761,96765,96818,96821,96879,96883,96891,96894,96898,96901,96911,96913,97010,97013,97024,97027,97070,97074,97098,97101,97107,97109,97113,97138,97140,97207,97216,97218,97224,97229,97233,97236,97240,97247,97251,97256,97258,97275,97281],[10,96128,96130,96131,18],{"id":96129},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96132,96133],{},"add()",[20,96135,96136,96139],{},[15,96137,96138],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96141,96142],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[51,96144,54],{"id":53},[56,96146,96148],{"className":58,"code":96147,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96149,96150,96170,96184],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96151,96152,96154,96156,96158,96160,96162,96164,96166,96168],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96153,3768],{"class":71},[65,96155,76],{"class":75},[65,96157,80],{"class":79},[65,96159,3135],{"class":96},[65,96161,100],{"class":79},[65,96163,113],{"class":96},[65,96165,100],{"class":79},[65,96167,127],{"class":96},[65,96169,130],{"class":79},[65,96171,96172,96174,96176,96178,96180,96182],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,96173,3800],{"class":71},[65,96175,144],{"class":79},[65,96177,82033],{"class":147},[65,96179,168],{"class":79},[65,96181,2650],{"class":96},[65,96183,174],{"class":79},[65,96185,96186,96188,96190,96192],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,96187,165],{"class":164},[65,96189,168],{"class":79},[65,96191,3800],{"class":147},[65,96193,174],{"class":79},[20,96195,96196],{},[46,96197,191],{},[56,96199,96201],{"className":58,"code":96200,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96202,96203],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96204,96205,96207,96209,96211,96213,96215,96217,96219,96221],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96206,218],{"class":79},[65,96208,3135],{"class":96},[65,96210,100],{"class":79},[65,96212,113],{"class":96},[65,96214,100],{"class":79},[65,96216,127],{"class":96},[65,96218,100],{"class":79},[65,96220,2602],{"class":96},[65,96222,130],{"class":79},[20,96224,1309,96225,96227],{},[15,96226,96133],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[51,96229,252,96231,255],{"id":96230},"what-setadd-does",[15,96232,96138],{},[20,96234,96235,96237],{},[15,96236,96138],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[30,96239,96240,96243,96246,96249],{},[33,96241,96242],{},"Adds one item to a set",[33,96244,96245],{},"Changes the original set in place",[33,96247,96248],{},"Does not return a new set",[33,96250,96251],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96253,96254,96255,3024,96259,144],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[88,96256,96258],{"href":96257},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[88,96260,96262],{"href":96261},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[51,96264,283],{"id":282},[56,96266,96268],{"className":58,"code":96267,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96269,96270],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96271,96272,96274,96276,96278,96280,96282],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96273,15788],{"class":71},[65,96275,144],{"class":79},[65,96277,82033],{"class":147},[65,96279,168],{"class":79},[65,96281,171],{"class":147},[65,96283,174],{"class":79},[20,96285,302],{},[30,96287,96288,96293,96296],{},[33,96289,55833,96290,96292],{},[15,96291,96133],{}," on an existing set",[33,96294,96295],{},"Pass exactly one item",[33,96297,96298,96299],{},"The item must be ",[46,96300,96301],{},"hashable",[20,96303,96304],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[30,96306,96307,96309,96311,96314],{},[33,96308,56386],{},[33,96310,56389],{},[33,96312,96313],{},"Tuples",[33,96315,40513],{},[51,96317,506],{"id":505},[20,96319,11617],{},[56,96321,96323],{"className":58,"code":96322,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96324,96325,96349,96367,96371],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96326,96327,96329,96331,96333,96335,96337,96339,96341,96343,96345,96347],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96328,13206],{"class":71},[65,96330,76],{"class":75},[65,96332,80],{"class":79},[65,96334,84],{"class":83},[65,96336,13223],{"class":87},[65,96338,84],{"class":83},[65,96340,100],{"class":79},[65,96342,103],{"class":83},[65,96344,13240],{"class":87},[65,96346,84],{"class":83},[65,96348,130],{"class":79},[65,96350,96351,96353,96355,96357,96359,96361,96363,96365],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,96352,17617],{"class":71},[65,96354,144],{"class":79},[65,96356,82033],{"class":147},[65,96358,168],{"class":79},[65,96360,84],{"class":83},[65,96362,17570],{"class":87},[65,96364,84],{"class":83},[65,96366,174],{"class":79},[65,96368,96369],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,96370,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,96372,96373,96375,96377,96379],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,96374,165],{"class":164},[65,96376,168],{"class":79},[65,96378,17617],{"class":147},[65,96380,174],{"class":79},[20,96382,96383],{},[46,96384,1725],{},[56,96386,96388],{"className":58,"code":96387,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96389,96390],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96391,96392,96394,96396,96398,96400,96402,96404,96406,96408,96410,96412,96414,96416],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96393,218],{"class":79},[65,96395,203],{"class":83},[65,96397,13223],{"class":87},[65,96399,203],{"class":83},[65,96401,100],{"class":79},[65,96403,233],{"class":83},[65,96405,17570],{"class":87},[65,96407,203],{"class":83},[65,96409,100],{"class":79},[65,96411,233],{"class":83},[65,96413,13240],{"class":87},[65,96415,203],{"class":83},[65,96417,130],{"class":79},[20,96419,96420,96421,96424],{},"The new value ",[15,96422,96423],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96426,96427,96428,96431],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[46,96429,96430],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96433,96434],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[56,96436,96438],{"className":58,"code":96437,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96439,96440],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96441,96442,96444,96446,96448,96450,96452,96454,96456,96458,96460,96462,96464,96466],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96443,218],{"class":79},[65,96445,203],{"class":83},[65,96447,13240],{"class":87},[65,96449,203],{"class":83},[65,96451,100],{"class":79},[65,96453,233],{"class":83},[65,96455,13223],{"class":87},[65,96457,203],{"class":83},[65,96459,100],{"class":79},[65,96461,233],{"class":83},[65,96463,17570],{"class":87},[65,96465,203],{"class":83},[65,96467,130],{"class":79},[20,96469,96470],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[51,96472,96474],{"id":96473},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96476,96477],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[56,96479,96481],{"className":58,"code":96480,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96482,96483,96503,96517,96521],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96484,96485,96487,96489,96491,96493,96495,96497,96499,96501],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96486,3768],{"class":71},[65,96488,76],{"class":75},[65,96490,80],{"class":79},[65,96492,3135],{"class":96},[65,96494,100],{"class":79},[65,96496,113],{"class":96},[65,96498,100],{"class":79},[65,96500,127],{"class":96},[65,96502,130],{"class":79},[65,96504,96505,96507,96509,96511,96513,96515],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,96506,3800],{"class":71},[65,96508,144],{"class":79},[65,96510,82033],{"class":147},[65,96512,168],{"class":79},[65,96514,2204],{"class":96},[65,96516,174],{"class":79},[65,96518,96519],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,96520,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,96522,96523,96525,96527,96529],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,96524,165],{"class":164},[65,96526,168],{"class":79},[65,96528,3800],{"class":147},[65,96530,174],{"class":79},[20,96532,96533],{},[46,96534,191],{},[56,96536,96538],{"className":58,"code":96537,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96539,96540],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96541,96542,96544,96546,96548,96550,96552,96554],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96543,218],{"class":79},[65,96545,3135],{"class":96},[65,96547,100],{"class":79},[65,96549,113],{"class":96},[65,96551,100],{"class":79},[65,96553,127],{"class":96},[65,96555,130],{"class":79},[20,96557,96558,96559,96561],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96560,2204],{}," was already present.",[51,96563,96565,10729,96567],{"id":96564},"add-vs-update",[15,96566,96133],{},[15,96568,15080],{},[20,96570,1309,96571,96573,96574,144],{},[15,96572,96133],{}," when you want to add ",[46,96575,52580],{},[56,96577,96579],{"className":58,"code":96578,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96580,96581,96605,96623,96627],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96582,96583,96585,96587,96589,96591,96593,96595,96597,96599,96601,96603],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96584,36005],{"class":71},[65,96586,76],{"class":75},[65,96588,80],{"class":79},[65,96590,84],{"class":83},[65,96592,88],{"class":87},[65,96594,84],{"class":83},[65,96596,100],{"class":79},[65,96598,103],{"class":83},[65,96600,106],{"class":87},[65,96602,84],{"class":83},[65,96604,130],{"class":79},[65,96606,96607,96609,96611,96613,96615,96617,96619,96621],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,96608,36058],{"class":71},[65,96610,144],{"class":79},[65,96612,82033],{"class":147},[65,96614,168],{"class":79},[65,96616,84],{"class":83},[65,96618,120],{"class":87},[65,96620,84],{"class":83},[65,96622,174],{"class":79},[65,96624,96625],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,96626,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,96628,96629,96631,96633,96635],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,96630,165],{"class":164},[65,96632,168],{"class":79},[65,96634,36058],{"class":147},[65,96636,174],{"class":79},[20,96638,1309,96639,96573,96641,96644],{},[15,96640,15080],{},[46,96642,96643],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[56,96646,96648],{"className":58,"code":96647,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96649,96650,96674,96708,96712],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96651,96652,96654,96656,96658,96660,96662,96664,96666,96668,96670,96672],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96653,36005],{"class":71},[65,96655,76],{"class":75},[65,96657,80],{"class":79},[65,96659,84],{"class":83},[65,96661,88],{"class":87},[65,96663,84],{"class":83},[65,96665,100],{"class":79},[65,96667,103],{"class":83},[65,96669,106],{"class":87},[65,96671,84],{"class":83},[65,96673,130],{"class":79},[65,96675,96676,96678,96680,96682,96684,96686,96688,96690,96692,96694,96696,96698,96700,96702,96704,96706],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,96677,36058],{"class":71},[65,96679,144],{"class":79},[65,96681,30374],{"class":147},[65,96683,3132],{"class":79},[65,96685,84],{"class":83},[65,96687,120],{"class":87},[65,96689,84],{"class":83},[65,96691,100],{"class":79},[65,96693,103],{"class":83},[65,96695,18883],{"class":87},[65,96697,84],{"class":83},[65,96699,100],{"class":79},[65,96701,103],{"class":83},[65,96703,60373],{"class":87},[65,96705,84],{"class":83},[65,96707,4042],{"class":79},[65,96709,96710],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,96711,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,96713,96714,96716,96718,96720],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,96715,165],{"class":164},[65,96717,168],{"class":79},[65,96719,36058],{"class":147},[65,96721,174],{"class":79},[1059,96723,96725],{"id":96724},"key-difference","Key difference",[30,96727,96728,96733],{},[33,96729,96730,96732],{},[15,96731,96133],{}," adds one item",[33,96734,96735,96737],{},[15,96736,15080],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96739,96740,96741,144],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[88,96742,96744,96745,10885],{"href":96743},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96746,15080],{},[51,96748,17533],{"id":17532},[20,96750,96751,2543,96753,144],{},[15,96752,96138],{},[15,96754,3930],{},[20,96756,96757,96758,96760],{},"That means you should ",[46,96759,1014],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1059,96762,96764],{"id":96763},"correct","Correct",[56,96766,96768],{"className":58,"code":96767,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96769,96770,96790,96804,96808],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96771,96772,96774,96776,96778,96780,96782,96784,96786,96788],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96773,15750],{"class":71},[65,96775,76],{"class":75},[65,96777,80],{"class":79},[65,96779,3135],{"class":96},[65,96781,100],{"class":79},[65,96783,113],{"class":96},[65,96785,100],{"class":79},[65,96787,127],{"class":96},[65,96789,130],{"class":79},[65,96791,96792,96794,96796,96798,96800,96802],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,96793,15788],{"class":71},[65,96795,144],{"class":79},[65,96797,82033],{"class":147},[65,96799,168],{"class":79},[65,96801,2650],{"class":96},[65,96803,174],{"class":79},[65,96805,96806],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,96807,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,96809,96810,96812,96814,96816],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,96811,165],{"class":164},[65,96813,168],{"class":79},[65,96815,15788],{"class":147},[65,96817,174],{"class":79},[1059,96819,96820],{"id":61695},"Wrong",[56,96822,96824],{"className":58,"code":96823,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96825,96826,96846,96865,96869],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96827,96828,96830,96832,96834,96836,96838,96840,96842,96844],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96829,15750],{"class":71},[65,96831,76],{"class":75},[65,96833,80],{"class":79},[65,96835,3135],{"class":96},[65,96837,100],{"class":79},[65,96839,113],{"class":96},[65,96841,100],{"class":79},[65,96843,127],{"class":96},[65,96845,130],{"class":79},[65,96847,96848,96850,96852,96855,96857,96859,96861,96863],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,96849,15750],{"class":71},[65,96851,76],{"class":75},[65,96853,96854],{"class":71}," my_set",[65,96856,144],{"class":79},[65,96858,82033],{"class":147},[65,96860,168],{"class":79},[65,96862,2650],{"class":96},[65,96864,174],{"class":79},[65,96866,96867],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,96868,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,96870,96871,96873,96875,96877],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,96872,165],{"class":164},[65,96874,168],{"class":79},[65,96876,15788],{"class":147},[65,96878,174],{"class":79},[20,96880,96881],{},[46,96882,191],{},[56,96884,96885],{"className":58,"code":11943,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,96886,96887],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96888,96889],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96890,11943],{"class":4005},[20,96892,96893],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[51,96895,96897],{"id":96896},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96899,96900],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[30,96902,96903,96905,96907,96909],{},[33,96904,56386],{},[33,96906,56389],{},[33,96908,96313],{},[33,96910,40513],{},[20,96912,350],{},[56,96914,96916],{"className":58,"code":96915,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96917,96918,96928,96932,96946,96964,96982,96996,97000],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,96919,96920,96922,96924,96926],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,96921,7929],{"class":71},[65,96923,76],{"class":75},[65,96925,15755],{"class":1368},[65,96927,151],{"class":79},[65,96929,96930],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,96931,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,96933,96934,96936,96938,96940,96942,96944],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,96935,7960],{"class":71},[65,96937,144],{"class":79},[65,96939,82033],{"class":147},[65,96941,168],{"class":79},[65,96943,2476],{"class":96},[65,96945,174],{"class":79},[65,96947,96948,96950,96952,96954,96956,96958,96960,96962],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,96949,7960],{"class":71},[65,96951,144],{"class":79},[65,96953,82033],{"class":147},[65,96955,168],{"class":79},[65,96957,84],{"class":83},[65,96959,3998],{"class":87},[65,96961,84],{"class":83},[65,96963,174],{"class":79},[65,96965,96966,96968,96970,96972,96974,96976,96978,96980],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,96967,7960],{"class":71},[65,96969,144],{"class":79},[65,96971,82033],{"class":147},[65,96973,5662],{"class":79},[65,96975,3135],{"class":96},[65,96977,100],{"class":79},[65,96979,113],{"class":96},[65,96981,1870],{"class":79},[65,96983,96984,96986,96988,96990,96992,96994],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,96985,7960],{"class":71},[65,96987,144],{"class":79},[65,96989,82033],{"class":147},[65,96991,168],{"class":79},[65,96993,3753],{"class":4005},[65,96995,174],{"class":79},[65,96997,96998],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,96999,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,97001,97002,97004,97006,97008],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,97003,165],{"class":164},[65,97005,168],{"class":79},[65,97007,7960],{"class":147},[65,97009,174],{"class":79},[20,97011,97012],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[30,97014,97015,97018,97021],{},[33,97016,97017],{},"Lists",[33,97019,97020],{},"Dictionaries",[33,97022,97023],{},"Sets",[20,97025,97026],{},"Example that causes an error:",[56,97028,97030],{"className":58,"code":97029,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97031,97032,97052],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97033,97034,97036,97038,97040,97042,97044,97046,97048,97050],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97035,7929],{"class":71},[65,97037,76],{"class":75},[65,97039,80],{"class":79},[65,97041,3135],{"class":96},[65,97043,100],{"class":79},[65,97045,113],{"class":96},[65,97047,100],{"class":79},[65,97049,127],{"class":96},[65,97051,130],{"class":79},[65,97053,97054,97056,97058,97060,97062,97064,97066,97068],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,97055,7960],{"class":71},[65,97057,144],{"class":79},[65,97059,82033],{"class":147},[65,97061,3132],{"class":79},[65,97063,2650],{"class":96},[65,97065,100],{"class":79},[65,97067,4762],{"class":96},[65,97069,4042],{"class":79},[20,97071,97072],{},[46,97073,1358],{},[56,97075,97077],{"className":58,"code":97076,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97078,97079],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97080,97081,97083,97085,97088,97090,97092,97094,97096],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97082,3152],{"class":1368},[65,97084,93],{"class":79},[65,97086,97087],{"class":71}," unhashable ",[65,97089,3370],{"class":1368},[65,97091,93],{"class":79},[65,97093,233],{"class":83},[65,97095,8244],{"class":87},[65,97097,1379],{"class":83},[20,97099,97100],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97102,97103,97104,144],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97105,97106],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[51,97108,1766],{"id":1765},[20,97110,1769,97111,93],{},[15,97112,96138],{},[30,97114,97115,97120,97125,97128,97135],{},[33,97116,8569,97117,97119],{},[15,97118,96133],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[33,97121,1792,97122,97124],{},[15,97123,96133],{}," to return the updated set",[33,97126,97127],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[33,97129,37120,97130,97132,97133],{},[15,97131,96138],{}," with list ",[15,97134,52576],{},[33,97136,97137],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97139,71433],{},[56,97141,97143],{"className":58,"code":97142,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97144,97145,97155,97169,97179,97193],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97146,97147,97149,97151,97153],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97148,165],{"class":164},[65,97150,168],{"class":79},[65,97152,15788],{"class":147},[65,97154,174],{"class":79},[65,97156,97157,97159,97161,97163,97165,97167],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,97158,165],{"class":164},[65,97160,168],{"class":79},[65,97162,3370],{"class":1368},[65,97164,168],{"class":79},[65,97166,15788],{"class":147},[65,97168,1870],{"class":79},[65,97170,97171,97173,97175,97177],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,97172,165],{"class":164},[65,97174,168],{"class":79},[65,97176,1714],{"class":147},[65,97178,174],{"class":79},[65,97180,97181,97183,97185,97187,97189,97191],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,97182,165],{"class":164},[65,97184,168],{"class":79},[65,97186,3370],{"class":1368},[65,97188,168],{"class":79},[65,97190,1714],{"class":147},[65,97192,1870],{"class":79},[65,97194,97195,97197,97199,97201,97203,97205],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,97196,32063],{"class":164},[65,97198,168],{"class":79},[65,97200,6440],{"class":1368},[65,97202,144],{"class":79},[65,97204,82033],{"class":24857},[65,97206,174],{"class":79},[20,97208,97209,97210,97212,97213,144],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97211,96138],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[88,97214,52973],{"href":97215},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[51,97217,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,97219,1966,97221,97223],{"id":97220},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97222,96138],{}," return a new set?",[20,97225,97226,97227,144],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97228,3930],{},[1059,97230,97232],{"id":97231},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97234,97235],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1059,97237,97239],{"id":97238},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97241,1309,97242,11237,97245,144],{},[15,97243,97244],{},"set.update()",[15,97246,96133],{},[1059,97248,97250],{"id":97249},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97252,97253,97254,144],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97255,3152],{},[51,97257,2015],{"id":2014},[30,97259,97260,97264,97269],{},[33,97261,97262],{},[88,97263,96258],{"href":96257},[33,97265,97266],{},[88,97267,97268],{"href":96261},"How to create a set in Python",[33,97270,97271],{},[88,97272,96744,97273,10885],{"href":96743},[15,97274,15080],{},[20,97276,97277,97278,97280],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97279,96133],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2071,97282,97283],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":97285},[97286,97287,97289,97290,97291,97292,97296,97300,97301,97302,97309],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":96230,"depth":133,"text":97288},"What set.add() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506},{"id":96473,"depth":133,"text":96474},{"id":96564,"depth":133,"text":97293,"children":97294},"add() vs update()",[97295],{"id":96724,"depth":154,"text":96725},{"id":17532,"depth":133,"text":17533,"children":97297},[97298,97299],{"id":96763,"depth":154,"text":96764},{"id":61695,"depth":154,"text":96820},{"id":96896,"depth":133,"text":96897},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":97303},[97304,97306,97307,97308],{"id":97220,"depth":154,"text":97305},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97231,"depth":154,"text":97232},{"id":97238,"depth":154,"text":97239},{"id":97249,"depth":154,"text":97250},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96124,"description":97310},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97317,"title":97318,"body":97319,"description":98488,"extension":2111,"meta":98489,"navigation":157,"path":98490,"seo":98491,"stem":98492,"__hash__":98493},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97320,"toc":98455},[97321,97326,97332,97339,97384,97386,97397,97402,97407,97411,97425,97430,97432,97434,97449,97451,97465,97467,97469,97534,97536,97546,97548,97566,97572,97579,97584,97658,97660,97677,97683,97688,97759,97761,97788,97805,97808,97814,97816,97823,97827,97894,97896,97911,97914,97967,97969,97977,97989,97991,97995,98000,98002,98051,98053,98061,98063,98108,98110,98120,98126,98134,98147,98153,98155,98184,98186,98204,98208,98211,98242,98244,98262,98266,98341,98343,98359,98366,98368,98373,98378,98384,98387,98391,98399,98406,98414,98416,98452],[10,97322,96130,97324,18],{"id":97323},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97325,2050],{},[20,97327,97328,97331],{},[15,97329,97330],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97333,97334,97335,97338],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[46,97336,97337],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[56,97340,97342],{"className":58,"code":97341,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97343,97344,97364,97374],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97345,97346,97348,97350,97352,97354,97356,97358,97360,97362],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97347,3768],{"class":71},[65,97349,76],{"class":75},[65,97351,80],{"class":79},[65,97353,3135],{"class":96},[65,97355,100],{"class":79},[65,97357,113],{"class":96},[65,97359,100],{"class":79},[65,97361,127],{"class":96},[65,97363,130],{"class":79},[65,97365,97366,97368,97370,97372],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,97367,3800],{"class":71},[65,97369,144],{"class":79},[65,97371,11525],{"class":147},[65,97373,151],{"class":79},[65,97375,97376,97378,97380,97382],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,97377,165],{"class":164},[65,97379,168],{"class":79},[65,97381,3800],{"class":147},[65,97383,174],{"class":79},[20,97385,191],{},[56,97387,97389],{"className":58,"code":97388,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set()\n",[15,97390,97391],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97392,97393,97395],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97394,6440],{"class":1368},[65,97396,151],{"class":79},[20,97398,97399,97401],{},[15,97400,2050],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[51,97403,252,97405,255],{"id":97404},"what-setclear-does",[15,97406,97330],{},[20,97408,22,97409,11555],{},[15,97410,2050],{},[30,97412,97413,97416,97418,97422],{},[33,97414,97415],{},"Removes every item from a set",[33,97417,96245],{},[33,97419,11566,97420],{},[15,97421,3930],{},[33,97423,97424],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97426,96254,97427,71532],{},[88,97428,96258],{"href":97429},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[51,97431,283],{"id":282},[20,97433,54371],{},[56,97435,97437],{"className":58,"code":97436,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97438,97439],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97440,97441,97443,97445,97447],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97442,15788],{"class":71},[65,97444,144],{"class":79},[65,97446,11525],{"class":147},[65,97448,151],{"class":79},[20,97450,13182],{},[30,97452,97453,97456,97459,97462],{},[33,97454,97455],{},"It takes no arguments",[33,97457,97458],{},"It empties the set",[33,97460,97461],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[33,97463,97464],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[51,97466,506],{"id":505},[20,97468,11617],{},[56,97470,97472],{"className":58,"code":97471,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97473,97474,97506,97510,97520,97524],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97475,97476,97478,97480,97482,97484,97486,97488,97490,97492,97494,97496,97498,97500,97502,97504],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97477,13206],{"class":71},[65,97479,76],{"class":75},[65,97481,80],{"class":79},[65,97483,84],{"class":83},[65,97485,13223],{"class":87},[65,97487,84],{"class":83},[65,97489,100],{"class":79},[65,97491,103],{"class":83},[65,97493,17570],{"class":87},[65,97495,84],{"class":83},[65,97497,100],{"class":79},[65,97499,103],{"class":83},[65,97501,13240],{"class":87},[65,97503,84],{"class":83},[65,97505,130],{"class":79},[65,97507,97508],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,97509,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,97511,97512,97514,97516,97518],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,97513,17617],{"class":71},[65,97515,144],{"class":79},[65,97517,11525],{"class":147},[65,97519,151],{"class":79},[65,97521,97522],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,97523,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,97525,97526,97528,97530,97532],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,97527,165],{"class":164},[65,97529,168],{"class":79},[65,97531,17617],{"class":147},[65,97533,174],{"class":79},[20,97535,191],{},[56,97537,97538],{"className":58,"code":97388,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,97539,97540],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97541,97542,97544],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97543,6440],{"class":1368},[65,97545,151],{"class":79},[20,97547,11820],{},[30,97549,97550,97555,97560],{},[33,97551,97552,97554],{},[15,97553,17617],{}," starts with three values",[33,97556,97557,11833],{},[15,97558,97559],{},"colors.clear()",[33,97561,97562,97563,97565],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97564,3949],{},", which means an empty set",[51,97567,97569,97571],{"id":97568},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97570,2050],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97573,97574,1048,97576,97578],{},[15,97575,2050],{},[15,97577,3949],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1059,97580,8569,97582],{"id":97581},"using-clear",[15,97583,2050],{},[56,97585,97587],{"className":58,"code":97586,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97588,97589,97609,97619,97623,97633,97637,97647],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97590,97591,97593,97595,97597,97599,97601,97603,97605,97607],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97592,7929],{"class":71},[65,97594,76],{"class":75},[65,97596,80],{"class":79},[65,97598,3135],{"class":96},[65,97600,100],{"class":79},[65,97602,113],{"class":96},[65,97604,100],{"class":79},[65,97606,127],{"class":96},[65,97608,130],{"class":79},[65,97610,97611,97614,97616],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,97612,97613],{"class":71},"other_name ",[65,97615,76],{"class":75},[65,97617,97618],{"class":71}," items\n",[65,97620,97621],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,97622,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,97624,97625,97627,97629,97631],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,97626,7960],{"class":71},[65,97628,144],{"class":79},[65,97630,11525],{"class":147},[65,97632,151],{"class":79},[65,97634,97635],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,97636,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,97638,97639,97641,97643,97645],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,97640,165],{"class":164},[65,97642,168],{"class":79},[65,97644,7960],{"class":147},[65,97646,174],{"class":79},[65,97648,97649,97651,97653,97656],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,97650,165],{"class":164},[65,97652,168],{"class":79},[65,97654,97655],{"class":147},"other_name",[65,97657,174],{"class":79},[20,97659,191],{},[56,97661,97663],{"className":58,"code":97662,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97664,97665,97671],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97666,97667,97669],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97668,6440],{"class":1368},[65,97670,151],{"class":79},[65,97672,97673,97675],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,97674,6440],{"class":1368},[65,97676,151],{"class":79},[20,97678,97679,97680,144],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[46,97681,97682],{},"same set object",[1059,97684,8569,97686],{"id":97685},"using-set",[15,97687,3949],{},[56,97689,97691],{"className":58,"code":97690,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97692,97693,97713,97721,97725,97735,97739,97749],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97694,97695,97697,97699,97701,97703,97705,97707,97709,97711],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97696,7929],{"class":71},[65,97698,76],{"class":75},[65,97700,80],{"class":79},[65,97702,3135],{"class":96},[65,97704,100],{"class":79},[65,97706,113],{"class":96},[65,97708,100],{"class":79},[65,97710,127],{"class":96},[65,97712,130],{"class":79},[65,97714,97715,97717,97719],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,97716,97613],{"class":71},[65,97718,76],{"class":75},[65,97720,97618],{"class":71},[65,97722,97723],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,97724,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,97726,97727,97729,97731,97733],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,97728,7929],{"class":71},[65,97730,76],{"class":75},[65,97732,15755],{"class":1368},[65,97734,151],{"class":79},[65,97736,97737],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,97738,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,97740,97741,97743,97745,97747],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,97742,165],{"class":164},[65,97744,168],{"class":79},[65,97746,7960],{"class":147},[65,97748,174],{"class":79},[65,97750,97751,97753,97755,97757],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,97752,165],{"class":164},[65,97754,168],{"class":79},[65,97756,97655],{"class":147},[65,97758,174],{"class":79},[20,97760,191],{},[56,97762,97764],{"className":58,"code":97763,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97765,97766,97772],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97767,97768,97770],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97769,6440],{"class":1368},[65,97771,151],{"class":79},[65,97773,97774,97776,97778,97780,97782,97784,97786],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,97775,218],{"class":79},[65,97777,3135],{"class":96},[65,97779,100],{"class":79},[65,97781,113],{"class":96},[65,97783,100],{"class":79},[65,97785,127],{"class":96},[65,97787,130],{"class":79},[20,97789,20886,97790,93022,97793,97796,97797,144,97799,97801,97802,97804],{},[15,97791,97792],{},"items = set()",[46,97794,97795],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97798,7960],{},[9990,97800],{},"\nBut ",[15,97803,97655],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97806,97807],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97809,97810,97811,144],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[88,97812,96262],{"href":97813},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[51,97815,17533],{"id":17532},[20,97817,97818,14183,97820,97822],{},[15,97819,2050],{},[46,97821,1014],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97824,5298,97825,144],{},[15,97826,3930],{},[56,97828,97830],{"className":58,"code":97829,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97831,97832,97852,97856,97870,97874,97884],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97833,97834,97836,97838,97840,97842,97844,97846,97848,97850],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97835,3768],{"class":71},[65,97837,76],{"class":75},[65,97839,80],{"class":79},[65,97841,3135],{"class":96},[65,97843,100],{"class":79},[65,97845,113],{"class":96},[65,97847,100],{"class":79},[65,97849,127],{"class":96},[65,97851,130],{"class":79},[65,97853,97854],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,97855,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,97857,97858,97860,97862,97864,97866,97868],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,97859,401],{"class":71},[65,97861,76],{"class":75},[65,97863,4419],{"class":71},[65,97865,144],{"class":79},[65,97867,11525],{"class":147},[65,97869,151],{"class":79},[65,97871,97872],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,97873,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,97875,97876,97878,97880,97882],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,97877,165],{"class":164},[65,97879,168],{"class":79},[65,97881,425],{"class":147},[65,97883,174],{"class":79},[65,97885,97886,97888,97890,97892],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,97887,165],{"class":164},[65,97889,168],{"class":79},[65,97891,3800],{"class":147},[65,97893,174],{"class":79},[20,97895,191],{},[56,97897,97899],{"className":58,"code":97898,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"None\nset()\n",[15,97900,97901,97905],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97902,97903],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97904,11943],{"class":4005},[65,97906,97907,97909],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,97908,6440],{"class":1368},[65,97910,151],{"class":79},[20,97912,97913],{},"Do not do this:",[56,97915,97917],{"className":58,"code":97916,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97918,97919,97939,97953,97957],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97920,97921,97923,97925,97927,97929,97931,97933,97935,97937],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97922,3768],{"class":71},[65,97924,76],{"class":75},[65,97926,80],{"class":79},[65,97928,3135],{"class":96},[65,97930,100],{"class":79},[65,97932,113],{"class":96},[65,97934,100],{"class":79},[65,97936,127],{"class":96},[65,97938,130],{"class":79},[65,97940,97941,97943,97945,97947,97949,97951],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,97942,3768],{"class":71},[65,97944,76],{"class":75},[65,97946,4419],{"class":71},[65,97948,144],{"class":79},[65,97950,11525],{"class":147},[65,97952,151],{"class":79},[65,97954,97955],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,97956,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,97958,97959,97961,97963,97965],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,97960,165],{"class":164},[65,97962,168],{"class":79},[65,97964,3800],{"class":147},[65,97966,174],{"class":79},[20,97968,191],{},[56,97970,97971],{"className":58,"code":11943,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,97972,97973],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,97974,97975],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,97976,11943],{"class":4005},[20,97978,22299,97979,2543,97981,97983,97984,97986,97987,144],{},[15,97980,54484],{},[15,97982,3930],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97985,3930],{}," back to ",[15,97988,3800],{},[51,97990,4675],{"id":4674},[20,97992,10892,97993,144],{},[15,97994,97330],{},[1059,97996,12728,97998],{"id":97997},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97999,2050],{},[20,98001,16764],{},[56,98003,98005],{"className":58,"code":98004,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98006,98007,98027,98041],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98008,98009,98011,98013,98015,98017,98019,98021,98023,98025],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98010,15750],{"class":71},[65,98012,76],{"class":75},[65,98014,80],{"class":79},[65,98016,3135],{"class":96},[65,98018,100],{"class":79},[65,98020,113],{"class":96},[65,98022,100],{"class":79},[65,98024,127],{"class":96},[65,98026,130],{"class":79},[65,98028,98029,98031,98033,98035,98037,98039],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,98030,15750],{"class":71},[65,98032,76],{"class":75},[65,98034,96854],{"class":71},[65,98036,144],{"class":79},[65,98038,11525],{"class":147},[65,98040,151],{"class":79},[65,98042,98043,98045,98047,98049],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,98044,165],{"class":164},[65,98046,168],{"class":79},[65,98048,15788],{"class":147},[65,98050,174],{"class":79},[20,98052,191],{},[56,98054,98055],{"className":58,"code":11943,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,98056,98057],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98058,98059],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98060,11943],{"class":4005},[20,98062,16776],{},[56,98064,98066],{"className":58,"code":98065,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98067,98068,98088,98098],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98069,98070,98072,98074,98076,98078,98080,98082,98084,98086],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98071,15750],{"class":71},[65,98073,76],{"class":75},[65,98075,80],{"class":79},[65,98077,3135],{"class":96},[65,98079,100],{"class":79},[65,98081,113],{"class":96},[65,98083,100],{"class":79},[65,98085,127],{"class":96},[65,98087,130],{"class":79},[65,98089,98090,98092,98094,98096],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,98091,15788],{"class":71},[65,98093,144],{"class":79},[65,98095,11525],{"class":147},[65,98097,151],{"class":79},[65,98099,98100,98102,98104,98106],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,98101,165],{"class":164},[65,98103,168],{"class":79},[65,98105,15788],{"class":147},[65,98107,174],{"class":79},[20,98109,191],{},[56,98111,98112],{"className":58,"code":97388,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,98113,98114],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98115,98116,98118],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98117,6440],{"class":1368},[65,98119,151],{"class":79},[1059,98121,1792,98123,98125],{"id":98122},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98124,2050],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98127,98128,98130,98131,98133],{},[15,98129,2050],{}," removes ",[46,98132,3867],{}," items from the set.",[20,98135,98136,98137,3024,98142,144],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[88,98138,98140],{"href":98139},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98141,55453],{},[88,98143,98145],{"href":98144},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98146,327],{},[1059,98148,8569,98150,98152],{"id":98149},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98151,3944],{}," for an empty set",[20,98154,25797],{},[56,98156,98158],{"className":58,"code":98157,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98159,98160,98169],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98161,98162,98165,98167],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98163,98164],{"class":71},"empty_value ",[65,98166,76],{"class":75},[65,98168,1343],{"class":79},[65,98170,98171,98173,98175,98177,98179,98182],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,98172,165],{"class":164},[65,98174,168],{"class":79},[65,98176,3370],{"class":1368},[65,98178,168],{"class":79},[65,98180,98181],{"class":147},"empty_value",[65,98183,1870],{"class":79},[20,98185,191],{},[56,98187,98188],{"className":58,"code":8959,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,98189,98190],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98191,98192,98194,98196,98198,98200,98202],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98193,3439],{"class":75},[65,98195,3442],{"class":1696},[65,98197,233],{"class":83},[65,98199,8972],{"class":87},[65,98201,203],{"class":83},[65,98203,3451],{"class":75},[20,98205,98206,8939],{},[15,98207,3944],{},[20,98209,98210],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[56,98212,98214],{"className":58,"code":98213,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98215,98216,98227],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98217,98218,98221,98223,98225],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98219,98220],{"class":71},"empty_set ",[65,98222,76],{"class":75},[65,98224,15755],{"class":1368},[65,98226,151],{"class":79},[65,98228,98229,98231,98233,98235,98237,98240],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,98230,165],{"class":164},[65,98232,168],{"class":79},[65,98234,3370],{"class":1368},[65,98236,168],{"class":79},[65,98238,98239],{"class":147},"empty_set",[65,98241,1870],{"class":79},[20,98243,191],{},[56,98245,98246],{"className":58,"code":9003,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,98247,98248],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98249,98250,98252,98254,98256,98258,98260],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98251,3439],{"class":75},[65,98253,3442],{"class":1696},[65,98255,233],{"class":83},[65,98257,6440],{"class":87},[65,98259,203],{"class":83},[65,98261,3451],{"class":75},[1059,98263,98265],{"id":98264},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[56,98267,98269],{"className":58,"code":98268,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98270,98271,98295,98303,98307,98317,98321,98331],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98272,98273,98275,98277,98279,98281,98283,98285,98287,98289,98291,98293],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98274,2700],{"class":71},[65,98276,76],{"class":75},[65,98278,80],{"class":79},[65,98280,84],{"class":83},[65,98282,931],{"class":87},[65,98284,84],{"class":83},[65,98286,100],{"class":79},[65,98288,103],{"class":83},[65,98290,944],{"class":87},[65,98292,84],{"class":83},[65,98294,130],{"class":79},[65,98296,98297,98299,98301],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,98298,2728],{"class":71},[65,98300,76],{"class":75},[65,98302,36090],{"class":71},[65,98304,98305],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,98306,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,98308,98309,98311,98313,98315],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,98310,88],{"class":71},[65,98312,144],{"class":79},[65,98314,11525],{"class":147},[65,98316,151],{"class":79},[65,98318,98319],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,98320,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,98322,98323,98325,98327,98329],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,98324,165],{"class":164},[65,98326,168],{"class":79},[65,98328,88],{"class":147},[65,98330,174],{"class":79},[65,98332,98333,98335,98337,98339],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,98334,165],{"class":164},[65,98336,168],{"class":79},[65,98338,106],{"class":147},[65,98340,174],{"class":79},[20,98342,191],{},[56,98344,98345],{"className":58,"code":97662,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,98346,98347,98353],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98348,98349,98351],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98350,6440],{"class":1368},[65,98352,151],{"class":79},[65,98354,98355,98357],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,98356,6440],{"class":1368},[65,98358,151],{"class":79},[20,98360,707,98361,1048,98363,98365],{},[15,98362,88],{},[15,98364,106],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[51,98367,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,98369,1953,98371,1956],{"id":98370},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98372,97330],{},[20,98374,5298,98375,98377],{},[15,98376,3930],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1059,98379,1966,98381,98383],{"id":98380},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98382,2050],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98385,98386],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1059,98388,98390],{"id":98389},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98392,98393,98394,98396,98397,144],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98395,2050],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98398,3949],{},[1059,98400,5330,98402,1048,98404,2637],{"id":98401},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98403,2050],{},[15,98405,3949],{},[20,98407,98408,98410,98411,98413],{},[15,98409,2050],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98412,3949],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[51,98415,2015],{"id":2014},[30,98417,98418,98422,98426,98433,98439,98445],{},[33,98419,98420],{},[88,98421,96258],{"href":97429},[33,98423,98424],{},[88,98425,97268],{"href":97813},[33,98427,98428],{},[88,98429,96744,98431,10885],{"href":98430},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98432,96133],{},[33,98434,98435],{},[88,98436,96744,98437,10885],{"href":98139},[15,98438,55453],{},[33,98440,98441],{},[88,98442,96744,98443,10885],{"href":98144},[15,98444,327],{},[33,98446,98447],{},[88,98448,96744,98450,10885],{"href":98449},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98451,15080],{},[2071,98453,98454],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":98456},[98457,98459,98460,98461,98468,98469,98478,98487],{"id":97404,"depth":133,"text":98458},"What set.clear() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506},{"id":97568,"depth":133,"text":98462,"children":98463},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98464,98466],{"id":97581,"depth":154,"text":98465},"Using clear()",{"id":97685,"depth":154,"text":98467},"Using set()",{"id":17532,"depth":133,"text":17533},{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675,"children":98470},[98471,98473,98475,98477],{"id":97997,"depth":154,"text":98472},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98122,"depth":154,"text":98474},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98149,"depth":154,"text":98476},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98264,"depth":154,"text":98265},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":98479},[98480,98482,98484,98485],{"id":98370,"depth":154,"text":98481},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98380,"depth":154,"text":98483},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98389,"depth":154,"text":98390},{"id":98401,"depth":154,"text":98486},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97318,"description":98488},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98495,"title":98496,"body":98497,"description":100329,"extension":2111,"meta":100330,"navigation":157,"path":96261,"seo":100331,"stem":100332,"__hash__":100333},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98498,"toc":100286},[98499,98502,98505,98508,98510,98613,98617,98664,98670,98672,98691,98695,98698,98700,98714,98723,98727,98730,98765,98769,98789,98792,98796,98799,98860,98864,98889,98896,98902,98907,98909,98921,98925,98974,98978,99002,99009,99013,99054,99058,99079,99083,99116,99120,99161,99164,99168,99173,99212,99216,99241,99246,99252,99289,99293,99316,99320,99322,99325,99328,99405,99409,99446,99449,99453,99459,99462,99472,99521,99527,99533,99560,99563,99585,99587,99618,99621,99625,99629,99668,99672,99735,99738,99771,99775,99800,99802,99805,99811,99814,99841,99844,99862,99866,99870,99873,99916,99919,99923,99926,99929,99959,99962,99966,99969,99984,99989,99993,99996,100085,100087,100090,100180,100183,100201,100203,100207,100217,100221,100229,100233,100236,100240,100243,100247,100250,100252,100280,100283],[10,98500,98496],{"id":98501},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98503,98504],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98506,98507],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[51,98509,3758],{"id":3757},[56,98511,98513],{"className":58,"code":98512,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98514,98515,98535,98569,98579,98583,98593,98603],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98516,98517,98519,98521,98523,98525,98527,98529,98531,98533],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98518,3768],{"class":71},[65,98520,76],{"class":75},[65,98522,80],{"class":79},[65,98524,3135],{"class":96},[65,98526,100],{"class":79},[65,98528,113],{"class":96},[65,98530,100],{"class":79},[65,98532,127],{"class":96},[65,98534,130],{"class":79},[65,98536,98537,98539,98541,98543,98545,98547,98549,98551,98553,98555,98557,98559,98561,98563,98565,98567],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,98538,4225],{"class":71},[65,98540,76],{"class":75},[65,98542,15755],{"class":1368},[65,98544,3132],{"class":79},[65,98546,84],{"class":83},[65,98548,4234],{"class":87},[65,98550,84],{"class":83},[65,98552,100],{"class":79},[65,98554,103],{"class":83},[65,98556,4243],{"class":87},[65,98558,84],{"class":83},[65,98560,100],{"class":79},[65,98562,103],{"class":83},[65,98564,4234],{"class":87},[65,98566,84],{"class":83},[65,98568,4042],{"class":79},[65,98570,98571,98573,98575,98577],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,98572,98220],{"class":71},[65,98574,76],{"class":75},[65,98576,15755],{"class":1368},[65,98578,151],{"class":79},[65,98580,98581],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,98582,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,98584,98585,98587,98589,98591],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,98586,165],{"class":164},[65,98588,168],{"class":79},[65,98590,3800],{"class":147},[65,98592,174],{"class":79},[65,98594,98595,98597,98599,98601],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,98596,165],{"class":164},[65,98598,168],{"class":79},[65,98600,4269],{"class":147},[65,98602,174],{"class":79},[65,98604,98605,98607,98609,98611],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,98606,165],{"class":164},[65,98608,168],{"class":79},[65,98610,98239],{"class":147},[65,98612,174],{"class":79},[20,98614,98615],{},[46,98616,191],{},[56,98618,98620],{"className":58,"code":98619,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98621,98622,98638,98658],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98623,98624,98626,98628,98630,98632,98634,98636],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98625,218],{"class":79},[65,98627,3135],{"class":96},[65,98629,100],{"class":79},[65,98631,113],{"class":96},[65,98633,100],{"class":79},[65,98635,127],{"class":96},[65,98637,130],{"class":79},[65,98639,98640,98642,98644,98646,98648,98650,98652,98654,98656],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,98641,218],{"class":79},[65,98643,203],{"class":83},[65,98645,4243],{"class":87},[65,98647,203],{"class":83},[65,98649,100],{"class":79},[65,98651,233],{"class":83},[65,98653,4234],{"class":87},[65,98655,203],{"class":83},[65,98657,130],{"class":79},[65,98659,98660,98662],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,98661,6440],{"class":1368},[65,98663,151],{"class":79},[20,98665,98666,98667,98669],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98668,3949],{}," for an empty set.",[51,98671,15289],{"id":15288},[30,98673,98674,98677,98682,98685,98688],{},[33,98675,98676],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[33,98678,98679,98680],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98681,3949],{},[33,98683,98684],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[33,98686,98687],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[33,98689,98690],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[51,98692,98694],{"id":98693},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98696,98697],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98699,30450],{},[30,98701,98702,98705,98708,98711],{},[33,98703,98704],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[33,98706,98707],{},"Sets are unordered",[33,98709,98710],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[33,98712,98713],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98715,98716,98717,3024,98719,144],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[88,98718,96258],{"href":97429},[88,98720,98722],{"href":98721},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[51,98724,98726],{"id":98725},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98728,98729],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[56,98731,98733],{"className":58,"code":98732,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98734,98735,98755],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98736,98737,98739,98741,98743,98745,98747,98749,98751,98753],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98738,3768],{"class":71},[65,98740,76],{"class":75},[65,98742,80],{"class":79},[65,98744,3135],{"class":96},[65,98746,100],{"class":79},[65,98748,113],{"class":96},[65,98750,100],{"class":79},[65,98752,127],{"class":96},[65,98754,130],{"class":79},[65,98756,98757,98759,98761,98763],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,98758,165],{"class":164},[65,98760,168],{"class":79},[65,98762,3800],{"class":147},[65,98764,174],{"class":79},[20,98766,98767],{},[46,98768,1725],{},[56,98770,98771],{"className":58,"code":96537,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,98772,98773],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98774,98775,98777,98779,98781,98783,98785,98787],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98776,218],{"class":79},[65,98778,3135],{"class":96},[65,98780,100],{"class":79},[65,98782,113],{"class":96},[65,98784,100],{"class":79},[65,98786,127],{"class":96},[65,98788,130],{"class":79},[20,98790,98791],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1059,98793,98795],{"id":98794},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98797,98798],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[56,98800,98802],{"className":58,"code":98801,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98803,98804,98836,98846],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98805,98806,98808,98810,98812,98814,98816,98818,98820,98822,98824,98826,98828,98830,98832,98834],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98807,3768],{"class":71},[65,98809,76],{"class":75},[65,98811,80],{"class":79},[65,98813,3135],{"class":96},[65,98815,100],{"class":79},[65,98817,113],{"class":96},[65,98819,100],{"class":79},[65,98821,113],{"class":96},[65,98823,100],{"class":79},[65,98825,127],{"class":96},[65,98827,100],{"class":79},[65,98829,127],{"class":96},[65,98831,100],{"class":79},[65,98833,127],{"class":96},[65,98835,130],{"class":79},[65,98837,98838,98840,98842,98844],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,98839,165],{"class":164},[65,98841,168],{"class":79},[65,98843,3800],{"class":147},[65,98845,174],{"class":79},[65,98847,98848,98850,98852,98854,98856,98858],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,98849,165],{"class":164},[65,98851,168],{"class":79},[65,98853,1863],{"class":164},[65,98855,168],{"class":79},[65,98857,3800],{"class":147},[65,98859,1870],{"class":79},[20,98861,98862],{},[46,98863,1725],{},[56,98865,98867],{"className":58,"code":98866,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98868,98869,98885],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98870,98871,98873,98875,98877,98879,98881,98883],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98872,218],{"class":79},[65,98874,3135],{"class":96},[65,98876,100],{"class":79},[65,98878,113],{"class":96},[65,98880,100],{"class":79},[65,98882,127],{"class":96},[65,98884,130],{"class":79},[65,98886,98887],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,98888,46538],{"class":96},[20,98890,21093,98891,1048,98893,98895],{},[15,98892,2204],{},[15,98894,2210],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[51,98897,98899,98900],{"id":98898},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98901,3949],{},[20,98903,1309,98904,98906],{},[15,98905,3949],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98908,5609],{},[30,98910,98911,98913,98915,98917],{},[33,98912,97017],{},[33,98914,96313],{},[33,98916,56389],{},[33,98918,98919],{},[15,98920,36113],{},[1059,98922,98924],{"id":98923},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[56,98926,98928],{"className":58,"code":98927,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98929,98930,98964],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98931,98932,98934,98936,98938,98940,98942,98944,98946,98948,98950,98952,98954,98956,98958,98960,98962],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98933,3768],{"class":71},[65,98935,76],{"class":75},[65,98937,15755],{"class":1368},[65,98939,3132],{"class":79},[65,98941,3135],{"class":96},[65,98943,100],{"class":79},[65,98945,113],{"class":96},[65,98947,100],{"class":79},[65,98949,113],{"class":96},[65,98951,100],{"class":79},[65,98953,127],{"class":96},[65,98955,100],{"class":79},[65,98957,127],{"class":96},[65,98959,100],{"class":79},[65,98961,2602],{"class":96},[65,98963,4042],{"class":79},[65,98965,98966,98968,98970,98972],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,98967,165],{"class":164},[65,98969,168],{"class":79},[65,98971,3800],{"class":147},[65,98973,174],{"class":79},[20,98975,98976],{},[46,98977,1725],{},[56,98979,98980],{"className":58,"code":96200,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,98981,98982],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,98983,98984,98986,98988,98990,98992,98994,98996,98998,99000],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,98985,218],{"class":79},[65,98987,3135],{"class":96},[65,98989,100],{"class":79},[65,98991,113],{"class":96},[65,98993,100],{"class":79},[65,98995,127],{"class":96},[65,98997,100],{"class":79},[65,98999,2602],{"class":96},[65,99001,130],{"class":79},[20,99003,99004,99005,144],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[88,99006,99008],{"href":99007},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1059,99010,99012],{"id":99011},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[56,99014,99016],{"className":58,"code":99015,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99017,99018,99044],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99019,99020,99022,99024,99026,99028,99030,99032,99034,99036,99038,99040,99042],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99021,3975],{"class":71},[65,99023,76],{"class":75},[65,99025,15755],{"class":1368},[65,99027,5662],{"class":79},[65,99029,2476],{"class":96},[65,99031,100],{"class":79},[65,99033,7940],{"class":96},[65,99035,100],{"class":79},[65,99037,7940],{"class":96},[65,99039,100],{"class":79},[65,99041,7945],{"class":96},[65,99043,1870],{"class":79},[65,99045,99046,99048,99050,99052],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,99047,165],{"class":164},[65,99049,168],{"class":79},[65,99051,5510],{"class":147},[65,99053,174],{"class":79},[20,99055,99056],{},[46,99057,1725],{},[56,99059,99061],{"className":58,"code":99060,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99062,99063],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99064,99065,99067,99069,99071,99073,99075,99077],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99066,218],{"class":79},[65,99068,2476],{"class":96},[65,99070,100],{"class":79},[65,99072,7940],{"class":96},[65,99074,100],{"class":79},[65,99076,7945],{"class":96},[65,99078,130],{"class":79},[1059,99080,99082],{"id":99081},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[56,99084,99086],{"className":58,"code":99085,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99087,99088,99106],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99089,99090,99092,99094,99096,99098,99100,99102,99104],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99091,36005],{"class":71},[65,99093,76],{"class":75},[65,99095,15755],{"class":1368},[65,99097,168],{"class":79},[65,99099,84],{"class":83},[65,99101,3998],{"class":87},[65,99103,84],{"class":83},[65,99105,174],{"class":79},[65,99107,99108,99110,99112,99114],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,99109,165],{"class":164},[65,99111,168],{"class":79},[65,99113,36058],{"class":147},[65,99115,174],{"class":79},[20,99117,99118],{},[46,99119,1725],{},[56,99121,99123],{"className":58,"code":99122,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99124,99125],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99126,99127,99129,99131,99133,99135,99137,99139,99141,99143,99145,99147,99149,99151,99153,99155,99157,99159],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99128,218],{"class":79},[65,99130,203],{"class":83},[65,99132,60364],{"class":87},[65,99134,203],{"class":83},[65,99136,100],{"class":79},[65,99138,233],{"class":83},[65,99140,60373],{"class":87},[65,99142,203],{"class":83},[65,99144,100],{"class":79},[65,99146,233],{"class":83},[65,99148,60382],{"class":87},[65,99150,203],{"class":83},[65,99152,100],{"class":79},[65,99154,233],{"class":83},[65,99156,60399],{"class":87},[65,99158,203],{"class":83},[65,99160,130],{"class":79},[20,99162,99163],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[51,99165,99167],{"id":99166},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99169,99170,99171,144],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99172,3949],{},[56,99174,99176],{"className":58,"code":99175,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99177,99178,99188,99198],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99179,99180,99182,99184,99186],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99181,98220],{"class":71},[65,99183,76],{"class":75},[65,99185,15755],{"class":1368},[65,99187,151],{"class":79},[65,99189,99190,99192,99194,99196],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,99191,165],{"class":164},[65,99193,168],{"class":79},[65,99195,98239],{"class":147},[65,99197,174],{"class":79},[65,99199,99200,99202,99204,99206,99208,99210],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,99201,165],{"class":164},[65,99203,168],{"class":79},[65,99205,3370],{"class":1368},[65,99207,168],{"class":79},[65,99209,98239],{"class":147},[65,99211,1870],{"class":79},[20,99213,99214],{},[46,99215,191],{},[56,99217,99219],{"className":58,"code":99218,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99220,99221,99227],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99222,99223,99225],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99224,6440],{"class":1368},[65,99226,151],{"class":79},[65,99228,99229,99231,99233,99235,99237,99239],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,99230,3439],{"class":75},[65,99232,3442],{"class":1696},[65,99234,233],{"class":83},[65,99236,6440],{"class":87},[65,99238,203],{"class":83},[65,99240,3451],{"class":75},[1059,99242,44349,99244],{"id":99243},"do-not-use",[15,99245,3944],{},[20,99247,99248,99249,99251],{},"Empty braces do ",[46,99250,1014],{}," create a set.",[56,99253,99255],{"className":58,"code":99254,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99256,99257,99265,99275],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99258,99259,99261,99263],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99260,98164],{"class":71},[65,99262,76],{"class":75},[65,99264,1343],{"class":79},[65,99266,99267,99269,99271,99273],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,99268,165],{"class":164},[65,99270,168],{"class":79},[65,99272,98181],{"class":147},[65,99274,174],{"class":79},[65,99276,99277,99279,99281,99283,99285,99287],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,99278,165],{"class":164},[65,99280,168],{"class":79},[65,99282,3370],{"class":1368},[65,99284,168],{"class":79},[65,99286,98181],{"class":147},[65,99288,1870],{"class":79},[20,99290,99291],{},[46,99292,191],{},[56,99294,99296],{"className":58,"code":99295,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99297,99298,99302],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99299,99300],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99301,9580],{"class":79},[65,99303,99304,99306,99308,99310,99312,99314],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,99305,3439],{"class":75},[65,99307,3442],{"class":1696},[65,99309,233],{"class":83},[65,99311,8972],{"class":87},[65,99313,203],{"class":83},[65,99315,3451],{"class":75},[20,99317,99318,8939],{},[15,99319,3944],{},[51,99321,72196],{"id":72195},[20,99323,99324],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99326,99327],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[56,99329,99331],{"className":58,"code":99330,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99332,99333,99381,99391],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99334,99335,99337,99339,99341,99343,99345,99347,99349,99351,99353,99355,99357,99359,99361,99363,99365,99367,99369,99371,99373,99375,99377,99379],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99336,4225],{"class":71},[65,99338,76],{"class":75},[65,99340,80],{"class":79},[65,99342,84],{"class":83},[65,99344,4234],{"class":87},[65,99346,84],{"class":83},[65,99348,100],{"class":79},[65,99350,103],{"class":83},[65,99352,4243],{"class":87},[65,99354,84],{"class":83},[65,99356,100],{"class":79},[65,99358,103],{"class":83},[65,99360,4234],{"class":87},[65,99362,84],{"class":83},[65,99364,100],{"class":79},[65,99366,103],{"class":83},[65,99368,4234],{"class":87},[65,99370,84],{"class":83},[65,99372,100],{"class":79},[65,99374,103],{"class":83},[65,99376,33132],{"class":87},[65,99378,84],{"class":83},[65,99380,130],{"class":79},[65,99382,99383,99385,99387,99389],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,99384,165],{"class":164},[65,99386,168],{"class":79},[65,99388,4269],{"class":147},[65,99390,174],{"class":79},[65,99392,99393,99395,99397,99399,99401,99403],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,99394,165],{"class":164},[65,99396,168],{"class":79},[65,99398,1863],{"class":164},[65,99400,168],{"class":79},[65,99402,4269],{"class":147},[65,99404,1870],{"class":79},[20,99406,99407],{},[46,99408,1725],{},[56,99410,99412],{"className":58,"code":99411,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99413,99414,99442],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99415,99416,99418,99420,99422,99424,99426,99428,99430,99432,99434,99436,99438,99440],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99417,218],{"class":79},[65,99419,203],{"class":83},[65,99421,4243],{"class":87},[65,99423,203],{"class":83},[65,99425,100],{"class":79},[65,99427,233],{"class":83},[65,99429,33132],{"class":87},[65,99431,203],{"class":83},[65,99433,100],{"class":79},[65,99435,233],{"class":83},[65,99437,4234],{"class":87},[65,99439,203],{"class":83},[65,99441,130],{"class":79},[65,99443,99444],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,99445,46538],{"class":96},[20,99447,99448],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[51,99450,99452],{"id":99451},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99454,99455,99456,99458],{},"Set items must be ",[46,99457,96301],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99460,99461],{},"These usually work:",[30,99463,99464,99466,99468,99470],{},[33,99465,56386],{},[33,99467,56389],{},[33,99469,96313],{},[33,99471,40513],{},[56,99473,99475],{"className":58,"code":99474,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99476,99477,99511],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99478,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489,99491,99493,99495,99497,99499,99501,99503,99505,99507,99509],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99480,3975],{"class":71},[65,99482,76],{"class":75},[65,99484,80],{"class":79},[65,99486,3135],{"class":96},[65,99488,100],{"class":79},[65,99490,103],{"class":83},[65,99492,4234],{"class":87},[65,99494,84],{"class":83},[65,99496,100],{"class":79},[65,99498,648],{"class":79},[65,99500,2476],{"class":96},[65,99502,100],{"class":79},[65,99504,7940],{"class":96},[65,99506,9383],{"class":79},[65,99508,4070],{"class":4005},[65,99510,130],{"class":79},[65,99512,99513,99515,99517,99519],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,99514,165],{"class":164},[65,99516,168],{"class":79},[65,99518,5510],{"class":147},[65,99520,174],{"class":79},[20,99522,99523,99524,99526],{},"These do ",[46,99525,1014],{}," work directly:",[30,99528,99529,99531],{},[33,99530,97017],{},[33,99532,97020],{},[56,99534,99536],{"className":58,"code":99535,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99537,99538],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99539,99540,99543,99545,99548,99550,99552,99554,99556,99558],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99541,99542],{"class":71},"bad_set ",[65,99544,76],{"class":75},[65,99546,99547],{"class":79}," {[",[65,99549,3135],{"class":96},[65,99551,100],{"class":79},[65,99553,113],{"class":96},[65,99555,100],{"class":79},[65,99557,127],{"class":96},[65,99559,13835],{"class":79},[20,99561,99562],{},"This raises an error:",[56,99564,99565],{"className":58,"code":97076,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,99566,99567],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99568,99569,99571,99573,99575,99577,99579,99581,99583],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99570,3152],{"class":1368},[65,99572,93],{"class":79},[65,99574,97087],{"class":71},[65,99576,3370],{"class":1368},[65,99578,93],{"class":79},[65,99580,233],{"class":83},[65,99582,8244],{"class":87},[65,99584,1379],{"class":83},[20,99586,52003],{},[56,99588,99590],{"className":58,"code":99589,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99591,99592],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99593,99594,99596,99598,99601,99603,99605,99607,99609,99611,99613,99615],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99595,99542],{"class":71},[65,99597,76],{"class":75},[65,99599,99600],{"class":79}," {{",[65,99602,84],{"class":83},[65,99604,369],{"class":87},[65,99606,84],{"class":83},[65,99608,93],{"class":79},[65,99610,103],{"class":83},[65,99612,7826],{"class":87},[65,99614,84],{"class":83},[65,99616,99617],{"class":79},"}}\n",[20,99619,99620],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[51,99622,99624],{"id":99623},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1059,99626,99628],{"id":99627},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[56,99630,99632],{"className":58,"code":99631,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99633,99634,99658],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99635,99636,99638,99640,99642,99644,99646,99648,99650,99652,99654,99656],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99637,3768],{"class":71},[65,99639,76],{"class":75},[65,99641,80],{"class":79},[65,99643,3135],{"class":96},[65,99645,100],{"class":79},[65,99647,113],{"class":96},[65,99649,100],{"class":79},[65,99651,127],{"class":96},[65,99653,100],{"class":79},[65,99655,2602],{"class":96},[65,99657,130],{"class":79},[65,99659,99660,99662,99664,99666],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,99661,165],{"class":164},[65,99663,168],{"class":79},[65,99665,3800],{"class":147},[65,99667,174],{"class":79},[1059,99669,99671],{"id":99670},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[56,99673,99675],{"className":58,"code":99674,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99676,99677,99705,99720,99724],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99678,99679,99681,99683,99685,99687,99689,99691,99693,99695,99697,99699,99701,99703],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99680,7929],{"class":71},[65,99682,76],{"class":75},[65,99684,3773],{"class":79},[65,99686,3135],{"class":96},[65,99688,100],{"class":79},[65,99690,97],{"class":96},[65,99692,100],{"class":79},[65,99694,113],{"class":96},[65,99696,100],{"class":79},[65,99698,127],{"class":96},[65,99700,100],{"class":79},[65,99702,127],{"class":96},[65,99704,3786],{"class":79},[65,99706,99707,99710,99712,99714,99716,99718],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,99708,99709],{"class":71},"unique_items ",[65,99711,76],{"class":75},[65,99713,15755],{"class":1368},[65,99715,168],{"class":79},[65,99717,7960],{"class":147},[65,99719,174],{"class":79},[65,99721,99722],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,99723,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,99725,99726,99728,99730,99733],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,99727,165],{"class":164},[65,99729,168],{"class":79},[65,99731,99732],{"class":147},"unique_items",[65,99734,174],{"class":79},[1059,99736,99082],{"id":99737},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[56,99739,99741],{"className":58,"code":99740,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99742,99743,99761],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99744,99745,99747,99749,99751,99753,99755,99757,99759],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99746,36005],{"class":71},[65,99748,76],{"class":75},[65,99750,15755],{"class":1368},[65,99752,168],{"class":79},[65,99754,84],{"class":83},[65,99756,4243],{"class":87},[65,99758,84],{"class":83},[65,99760,174],{"class":79},[65,99762,99763,99765,99767,99769],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,99764,165],{"class":164},[65,99766,168],{"class":79},[65,99768,36058],{"class":147},[65,99770,174],{"class":79},[1059,99772,99774],{"id":99773},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[56,99776,99778],{"className":58,"code":99777,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99779,99780,99790],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99781,99782,99784,99786,99788],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99783,98220],{"class":71},[65,99785,76],{"class":75},[65,99787,15755],{"class":1368},[65,99789,151],{"class":79},[65,99791,99792,99794,99796,99798],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,99793,165],{"class":164},[65,99795,168],{"class":79},[65,99797,98239],{"class":147},[65,99799,174],{"class":79},[51,99801,1766],{"id":1765},[20,99803,99804],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1059,99806,8569,99808,99810],{"id":99807},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99809,3944],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99812,99813],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[56,99815,99817],{"className":58,"code":99816,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99818,99819,99827],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99820,99821,99823,99825],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99822,1189],{"class":71},[65,99824,76],{"class":75},[65,99826,1343],{"class":79},[65,99828,99829,99831,99833,99835,99837,99839],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,99830,165],{"class":164},[65,99832,168],{"class":79},[65,99834,3370],{"class":1368},[65,99836,168],{"class":79},[65,99838,1714],{"class":147},[65,99840,1870],{"class":79},[20,99842,99843],{},"This prints:",[56,99845,99846],{"className":58,"code":8959,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,99847,99848],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99849,99850,99852,99854,99856,99858,99860],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99851,3439],{"class":75},[65,99853,3442],{"class":1696},[65,99855,233],{"class":83},[65,99857,8972],{"class":87},[65,99859,203],{"class":83},[65,99861,3451],{"class":75},[20,99863,1309,99864,328],{},[15,99865,3949],{},[1059,99867,99869],{"id":99868},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99871,99872],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[56,99874,99876],{"className":58,"code":99875,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99877,99878,99906],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99879,99880,99882,99884,99886,99888,99890,99892,99894,99896,99898,99900,99902,99904],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99881,3768],{"class":71},[65,99883,76],{"class":75},[65,99885,80],{"class":79},[65,99887,3135],{"class":96},[65,99889,100],{"class":79},[65,99891,97],{"class":96},[65,99893,100],{"class":79},[65,99895,113],{"class":96},[65,99897,100],{"class":79},[65,99899,113],{"class":96},[65,99901,100],{"class":79},[65,99903,127],{"class":96},[65,99905,130],{"class":79},[65,99907,99908,99910,99912,99914],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,99909,165],{"class":164},[65,99911,168],{"class":79},[65,99913,3800],{"class":147},[65,99915,174],{"class":79},[20,99917,99918],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1059,99920,99922],{"id":99921},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99924,99925],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99927,99928],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[56,99930,99932],{"className":58,"code":99931,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99933,99934,99954],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99935,99936,99938,99940,99942,99944,99946,99948,99950,99952],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99937,3768],{"class":71},[65,99939,76],{"class":75},[65,99941,80],{"class":79},[65,99943,2476],{"class":96},[65,99945,100],{"class":79},[65,99947,7940],{"class":96},[65,99949,100],{"class":79},[65,99951,7945],{"class":96},[65,99953,130],{"class":79},[65,99955,99956],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,99957,99958],{"class":3816},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99960,99961],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1059,99963,99965],{"id":99964},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99967,99968],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[56,99970,99972],{"className":58,"code":99971,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99973,99974,99979],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,99975,99976],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,99977,99978],{"class":3816},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[65,99980,99981],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,99982,99983],{"class":3816},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99985,99986,99987,144],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99988,3152],{},[1059,99990,99992],{"id":99991},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99994,99995],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[56,99997,99999],{"className":58,"code":99998,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100000,100001,100021,100053,100057,100071],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100002,100003,100005,100007,100009,100011,100013,100015,100017,100019],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100004,15750],{"class":71},[65,100006,76],{"class":75},[65,100008,80],{"class":79},[65,100010,3135],{"class":96},[65,100012,100],{"class":79},[65,100014,113],{"class":96},[65,100016,100],{"class":79},[65,100018,127],{"class":96},[65,100020,130],{"class":79},[65,100022,100023,100025,100027,100029,100031,100033,100035,100037,100039,100041,100043,100045,100047,100049,100051],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,100024,11861],{"class":71},[65,100026,76],{"class":75},[65,100028,80],{"class":79},[65,100030,84],{"class":83},[65,100032,88],{"class":87},[65,100034,84],{"class":83},[65,100036,93],{"class":79},[65,100038,97],{"class":96},[65,100040,100],{"class":79},[65,100042,103],{"class":83},[65,100044,106],{"class":87},[65,100046,84],{"class":83},[65,100048,93],{"class":79},[65,100050,113],{"class":96},[65,100052,130],{"class":79},[65,100054,100055],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,100056,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,100058,100059,100061,100063,100065,100067,100069],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,100060,165],{"class":164},[65,100062,168],{"class":79},[65,100064,3370],{"class":1368},[65,100066,168],{"class":79},[65,100068,15788],{"class":147},[65,100070,1870],{"class":79},[65,100072,100073,100075,100077,100079,100081,100083],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,100074,165],{"class":164},[65,100076,168],{"class":79},[65,100078,3370],{"class":1368},[65,100080,168],{"class":79},[65,100082,1852],{"class":147},[65,100084,1870],{"class":79},[51,100086,92713],{"id":92712},[20,100088,100089],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[56,100091,100093],{"className":58,"code":100092,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100094,100095,100121,100125,100139,100149,100163,100170],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100096,100097,100099,100101,100103,100105,100107,100109,100111,100113,100115,100117,100119],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100098,15750],{"class":71},[65,100100,76],{"class":75},[65,100102,15755],{"class":1368},[65,100104,3132],{"class":79},[65,100106,3135],{"class":96},[65,100108,100],{"class":79},[65,100110,113],{"class":96},[65,100112,100],{"class":79},[65,100114,113],{"class":96},[65,100116,100],{"class":79},[65,100118,127],{"class":96},[65,100120,4042],{"class":79},[65,100122,100123],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,100124,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,100126,100127,100129,100131,100133,100135,100137],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,100128,165],{"class":164},[65,100130,168],{"class":79},[65,100132,3370],{"class":1368},[65,100134,168],{"class":79},[65,100136,15788],{"class":147},[65,100138,1870],{"class":79},[65,100140,100141,100143,100145,100147],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,100142,165],{"class":164},[65,100144,168],{"class":79},[65,100146,15788],{"class":147},[65,100148,174],{"class":79},[65,100150,100151,100153,100155,100157,100159,100161],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,100152,165],{"class":164},[65,100154,168],{"class":79},[65,100156,1863],{"class":164},[65,100158,168],{"class":79},[65,100160,15788],{"class":147},[65,100162,1870],{"class":79},[65,100164,100165,100167],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,100166,165],{"class":164},[65,100168,100169],{"class":79},"({})\n",[65,100171,100172,100174,100176,100178],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,100173,165],{"class":164},[65,100175,168],{"class":79},[65,100177,6440],{"class":1368},[65,100179,980],{"class":79},[20,100181,100182],{},"Use these to confirm:",[30,100184,100185,100188,100191,100194],{},[33,100186,100187],{},"The object type",[33,100189,100190],{},"The actual values stored",[33,100192,100193],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[33,100195,100196,100197,1048,100199],{},"The difference between ",[15,100198,3944],{},[15,100200,3949],{},[51,100202,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,100204,100206],{"id":100205},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100208,100209,100210,100213,100214,100216],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100211,100212],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100215,3949],{}," with another iterable.",[1059,100218,100220],{"id":100219},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100222,1309,100223,100225,100226,100228],{},[15,100224,3949],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100227,3944],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1059,100230,100232],{"id":100231},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100234,100235],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1059,100237,100239],{"id":100238},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100241,100242],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1059,100244,100246],{"id":100245},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100248,100249],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[51,100251,2015],{"id":2014},[30,100253,100254,100258,100264,100270,100275],{},[33,100255,100256],{},[88,100257,96258],{"href":97429},[33,100259,100260],{},[88,100261,3724,100262,10885],{"href":98430},[15,100263,96138],{},[33,100265,100266],{},[88,100267,3724,100268,10885],{"href":98449},[15,100269,97244],{},[33,100271,100272],{},[88,100273,100274],{"href":99007},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[33,100276,100277],{},[88,100278,100279],{"href":98721},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100281,100282],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2071,100284,100285],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":100287},[100288,100289,100290,100291,100294,100300,100304,100305,100306,100312,100320,100321,100328],{"id":3757,"depth":133,"text":3758},{"id":15288,"depth":133,"text":15289},{"id":98693,"depth":133,"text":98694},{"id":98725,"depth":133,"text":98726,"children":100292},[100293],{"id":98794,"depth":154,"text":98795},{"id":98898,"depth":133,"text":100295,"children":100296},"Create a set with set()",[100297,100298,100299],{"id":98923,"depth":154,"text":98924},{"id":99011,"depth":154,"text":99012},{"id":99081,"depth":154,"text":99082},{"id":99166,"depth":133,"text":99167,"children":100301},[100302],{"id":99243,"depth":154,"text":100303},"Do not use {}",{"id":72195,"depth":133,"text":72196},{"id":99451,"depth":133,"text":99452},{"id":99623,"depth":133,"text":99624,"children":100307},[100308,100309,100310,100311],{"id":99627,"depth":154,"text":99628},{"id":99670,"depth":154,"text":99671},{"id":99737,"depth":154,"text":99082},{"id":99773,"depth":154,"text":99774},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":100313},[100314,100316,100317,100318,100319],{"id":99807,"depth":154,"text":100315},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99868,"depth":154,"text":99869},{"id":99921,"depth":154,"text":99922},{"id":99964,"depth":154,"text":99965},{"id":99991,"depth":154,"text":99992},{"id":92712,"depth":133,"text":92713},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":100322},[100323,100324,100325,100326,100327],{"id":100205,"depth":154,"text":100206},{"id":100219,"depth":154,"text":100220},{"id":100231,"depth":154,"text":100232},{"id":100238,"depth":154,"text":100239},{"id":100245,"depth":154,"text":100246},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98496,"description":100329},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100335,"title":100336,"body":100337,"description":102768,"extension":2111,"meta":102769,"navigation":157,"path":102770,"seo":102771,"stem":102772,"__hash__":102773},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100338,"toc":102733},[100339,100345,100351,100354,100356,100433,100435,100452,100462,100464,100469,100477,100479,100495,100499,100501,100503,100506,100527,100530,100554,100560,100562,100659,100661,100678,100688,100690,100692,100700,100702,100713,100715,100806,100808,100832,100843,100845,100847,100850,100980,100982,101055,101057,101078,101081,101083,101089,101094,101097,101224,101226,101243,101246,101248,101256,101259,101263,101271,101362,101364,101401,101406,101413,101490,101492,101508,101513,101518,101520,101529,101537,101618,101620,101649,101652,101656,101667,101670,101753,101755,101776,101782,101784,101786,101790,101794,101801,101866,101868,101888,101891,101960,101962,101978,101982,101988,102000,102008,102010,102095,102097,102126,102129,102133,102138,102140,102190,102193,102274,102276,102292,102296,102299,102374,102377,102381,102384,102461,102463,102496,102502,102506,102509,102644,102646,102660,102662,102664,102670,102673,102680,102688,102694,102697,102701,102704,102706,102708,102730],[10,100340,96130,100342,18],{"id":100341},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100343,100344],{},"difference()",[20,100346,100347,100350],{},[15,100348,100349],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100352,100353],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[51,100355,3758],{"id":3757},[56,100357,100359],{"className":58,"code":100358,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100360,100361,100385,100405,100423],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100362,100363,100365,100367,100369,100371,100373,100375,100377,100379,100381,100383],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100364,2700],{"class":71},[65,100366,76],{"class":75},[65,100368,80],{"class":79},[65,100370,3135],{"class":96},[65,100372,100],{"class":79},[65,100374,113],{"class":96},[65,100376,100],{"class":79},[65,100378,127],{"class":96},[65,100380,100],{"class":79},[65,100382,2602],{"class":96},[65,100384,130],{"class":79},[65,100386,100387,100389,100391,100393,100395,100397,100399,100401,100403],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,100388,2728],{"class":71},[65,100390,76],{"class":75},[65,100392,80],{"class":79},[65,100394,2210],{"class":96},[65,100396,100],{"class":79},[65,100398,2602],{"class":96},[65,100400,100],{"class":79},[65,100402,4762],{"class":96},[65,100404,130],{"class":79},[65,100406,100407,100409,100411,100413,100415,100417,100419,100421],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,100408,401],{"class":71},[65,100410,76],{"class":75},[65,100412,56812],{"class":71},[65,100414,144],{"class":79},[65,100416,2958],{"class":147},[65,100418,168],{"class":79},[65,100420,106],{"class":147},[65,100422,174],{"class":79},[65,100424,100425,100427,100429,100431],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,100426,165],{"class":164},[65,100428,168],{"class":79},[65,100430,425],{"class":147},[65,100432,174],{"class":79},[20,100434,191],{},[56,100436,100438],{"className":58,"code":100437,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100439,100440],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100441,100442,100444,100446,100448,100450],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100443,218],{"class":79},[65,100445,3135],{"class":96},[65,100447,100],{"class":79},[65,100449,113],{"class":96},[65,100451,130],{"class":79},[20,100453,100454,100456,100457,100459,100460,144],{},[15,100455,100344],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100458,88],{}," that are not in ",[15,100461,106],{},[44837,100463],{},[51,100465,252,100467,255],{"id":100466},"what-difference-does",[15,100468,100344],{},[20,100470,22,100471,100473,100474,100476],{},[15,100472,100344],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[46,100475,1014],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100478,13182],{},[30,100480,100481,100486,100489,100492],{},[33,100482,100483,100485],{},[15,100484,100344],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[33,100487,100488],{},"It creates a new set",[33,100490,100491],{},"It does not change the original set",[33,100493,100494],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100496,96254,100497,144],{},[88,100498,96258],{"href":97429},[44837,100500],{},[51,100502,283],{"id":282},[20,100504,100505],{},"Use this form:",[56,100507,100509],{"className":58,"code":100508,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100510,100511],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100512,100513,100516,100518,100520,100522,100525],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100514,100515],{"class":71},"set1",[65,100517,144],{"class":79},[65,100519,2958],{"class":147},[65,100521,168],{"class":79},[65,100523,100524],{"class":147},"set2",[65,100526,174],{"class":79},[20,100528,100529],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[56,100531,100533],{"className":58,"code":100532,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100534,100535],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100536,100537,100539,100541,100543,100545,100547,100549,100552],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100538,100515],{"class":71},[65,100540,144],{"class":79},[65,100542,2958],{"class":147},[65,100544,168],{"class":79},[65,100546,100524],{"class":147},[65,100548,100],{"class":79},[65,100550,100551],{"class":147}," set3",[65,100553,174],{"class":79},[20,100555,100556,100557,100559],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[46,100558,5505],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100561,350],{},[56,100563,100565],{"className":58,"code":100564,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100566,100567,100595,100611,100623,100627,100649],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100568,100569,100571,100573,100575,100577,100579,100581,100583,100585,100587,100589,100591,100593],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100570,2700],{"class":71},[65,100572,76],{"class":75},[65,100574,80],{"class":79},[65,100576,3135],{"class":96},[65,100578,100],{"class":79},[65,100580,113],{"class":96},[65,100582,100],{"class":79},[65,100584,127],{"class":96},[65,100586,100],{"class":79},[65,100588,2602],{"class":96},[65,100590,100],{"class":79},[65,100592,4762],{"class":96},[65,100594,130],{"class":79},[65,100596,100597,100599,100601,100603,100605,100607,100609],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,100598,2728],{"class":71},[65,100600,76],{"class":75},[65,100602,80],{"class":79},[65,100604,2204],{"class":96},[65,100606,100],{"class":79},[65,100608,127],{"class":96},[65,100610,130],{"class":79},[65,100612,100613,100615,100617,100619,100621],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,100614,83113],{"class":71},[65,100616,76],{"class":75},[65,100618,80],{"class":79},[65,100620,2284],{"class":96},[65,100622,130],{"class":79},[65,100624,100625],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,100626,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,100628,100629,100631,100633,100635,100637,100639,100641,100643,100645,100647],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,100630,401],{"class":71},[65,100632,76],{"class":75},[65,100634,56812],{"class":71},[65,100636,144],{"class":79},[65,100638,2958],{"class":147},[65,100640,168],{"class":79},[65,100642,106],{"class":147},[65,100644,100],{"class":79},[65,100646,9827],{"class":147},[65,100648,174],{"class":79},[65,100650,100651,100653,100655,100657],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,100652,165],{"class":164},[65,100654,168],{"class":79},[65,100656,425],{"class":147},[65,100658,174],{"class":79},[20,100660,191],{},[56,100662,100664],{"className":58,"code":100663,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100665,100666],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100667,100668,100670,100672,100674,100676],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100669,218],{"class":79},[65,100671,3135],{"class":96},[65,100673,100],{"class":79},[65,100675,2602],{"class":96},[65,100677,130],{"class":79},[20,100679,100680,100681,100683,100684,3024,100686,144],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100682,88],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100685,106],{},[15,100687,120],{},[44837,100689],{},[51,100691,17533],{"id":17532},[20,100693,100694,100696,100697,144],{},[15,100695,100344],{}," always returns a ",[46,100698,100699],{},"new set",[20,100701,43570],{},[30,100703,100704,100707,100710],{},[33,100705,100706],{},"The return value is a new set",[33,100708,100709],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[33,100711,100712],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100714,350],{},[56,100716,100718],{"className":58,"code":100717,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100719,100720,100736,100756,100760,100778,100782,100792],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100721,100722,100724,100726,100728,100730,100732,100734],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100723,2700],{"class":71},[65,100725,76],{"class":75},[65,100727,80],{"class":79},[65,100729,3135],{"class":96},[65,100731,100],{"class":79},[65,100733,113],{"class":96},[65,100735,130],{"class":79},[65,100737,100738,100740,100742,100744,100746,100748,100750,100752,100754],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,100739,2728],{"class":71},[65,100741,76],{"class":75},[65,100743,80],{"class":79},[65,100745,3135],{"class":96},[65,100747,100],{"class":79},[65,100749,113],{"class":96},[65,100751,100],{"class":79},[65,100753,127],{"class":96},[65,100755,130],{"class":79},[65,100757,100758],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,100759,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,100761,100762,100764,100766,100768,100770,100772,100774,100776],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,100763,401],{"class":71},[65,100765,76],{"class":75},[65,100767,56812],{"class":71},[65,100769,144],{"class":79},[65,100771,2958],{"class":147},[65,100773,168],{"class":79},[65,100775,106],{"class":147},[65,100777,174],{"class":79},[65,100779,100780],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,100781,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,100783,100784,100786,100788,100790],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,100785,165],{"class":164},[65,100787,168],{"class":79},[65,100789,425],{"class":147},[65,100791,174],{"class":79},[65,100793,100794,100796,100798,100800,100802,100804],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,100795,165],{"class":164},[65,100797,168],{"class":79},[65,100799,3370],{"class":1368},[65,100801,168],{"class":79},[65,100803,425],{"class":147},[65,100805,1870],{"class":79},[20,100807,191],{},[56,100809,100810],{"className":58,"code":99218,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,100811,100812,100818],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100813,100814,100816],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100815,6440],{"class":1368},[65,100817,151],{"class":79},[65,100819,100820,100822,100824,100826,100828,100830],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,100821,3439],{"class":75},[65,100823,3442],{"class":1696},[65,100825,233],{"class":83},[65,100827,6440],{"class":87},[65,100829,203],{"class":83},[65,100831,3451],{"class":75},[20,100833,100834,100835,19079,100837,100839,100840,100842],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100836,3949],{},[15,100838,3944],{},". In Python, ",[15,100841,3944],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44837,100844],{},[51,100846,506],{"id":505},[20,100848,100849],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[56,100851,100853],{"className":58,"code":100852,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100854,100855,100888,100921,100925,100945,100949,100959,100970],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100856,100857,100860,100862,100864,100866,100868,100870,100872,100874,100876,100878,100880,100882,100884,100886],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100858,100859],{"class":71},"fruits_a ",[65,100861,76],{"class":75},[65,100863,80],{"class":79},[65,100865,84],{"class":83},[65,100867,4234],{"class":87},[65,100869,84],{"class":83},[65,100871,100],{"class":79},[65,100873,103],{"class":83},[65,100875,4243],{"class":87},[65,100877,84],{"class":83},[65,100879,100],{"class":79},[65,100881,103],{"class":83},[65,100883,33132],{"class":87},[65,100885,84],{"class":83},[65,100887,130],{"class":79},[65,100889,100890,100893,100895,100897,100899,100901,100903,100905,100907,100909,100911,100913,100915,100917,100919],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,100891,100892],{"class":71},"fruits_b ",[65,100894,76],{"class":75},[65,100896,80],{"class":79},[65,100898,84],{"class":83},[65,100900,4243],{"class":87},[65,100902,84],{"class":83},[65,100904,100],{"class":79},[65,100906,103],{"class":83},[65,100908,33132],{"class":87},[65,100910,84],{"class":83},[65,100912,100],{"class":79},[65,100914,103],{"class":83},[65,100916,22640],{"class":87},[65,100918,84],{"class":83},[65,100920,130],{"class":79},[65,100922,100923],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,100924,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,100926,100927,100929,100931,100934,100936,100938,100940,100943],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,100928,401],{"class":71},[65,100930,76],{"class":75},[65,100932,100933],{"class":71}," fruits_a",[65,100935,144],{"class":79},[65,100937,2958],{"class":147},[65,100939,168],{"class":79},[65,100941,100942],{"class":147},"fruits_b",[65,100944,174],{"class":79},[65,100946,100947],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,100948,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,100950,100951,100953,100955,100957],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,100952,165],{"class":164},[65,100954,168],{"class":79},[65,100956,425],{"class":147},[65,100958,174],{"class":79},[65,100960,100961,100963,100965,100968],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,100962,165],{"class":164},[65,100964,168],{"class":79},[65,100966,100967],{"class":147},"fruits_a",[65,100969,174],{"class":79},[65,100971,100972,100974,100976,100978],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,100973,165],{"class":164},[65,100975,168],{"class":79},[65,100977,100942],{"class":147},[65,100979,174],{"class":79},[20,100981,1725],{},[56,100983,100985],{"className":58,"code":100984,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100986,100987,100999,101027],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,100988,100989,100991,100993,100995,100997],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,100990,218],{"class":79},[65,100992,203],{"class":83},[65,100994,4234],{"class":87},[65,100996,203],{"class":83},[65,100998,130],{"class":79},[65,101000,101001,101003,101005,101007,101009,101011,101013,101015,101017,101019,101021,101023,101025],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,101002,218],{"class":79},[65,101004,203],{"class":83},[65,101006,4243],{"class":87},[65,101008,203],{"class":83},[65,101010,100],{"class":79},[65,101012,233],{"class":83},[65,101014,33132],{"class":87},[65,101016,203],{"class":83},[65,101018,100],{"class":79},[65,101020,233],{"class":83},[65,101022,4234],{"class":87},[65,101024,203],{"class":83},[65,101026,130],{"class":79},[65,101028,101029,101031,101033,101035,101037,101039,101041,101043,101045,101047,101049,101051,101053],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,101030,218],{"class":79},[65,101032,203],{"class":83},[65,101034,4243],{"class":87},[65,101036,203],{"class":83},[65,101038,100],{"class":79},[65,101040,233],{"class":83},[65,101042,33132],{"class":87},[65,101044,203],{"class":83},[65,101046,100],{"class":79},[65,101048,233],{"class":83},[65,101050,22640],{"class":87},[65,101052,203],{"class":83},[65,101054,130],{"class":79},[20,101056,11820],{},[30,101058,101059,101064,101069,101075],{},[33,101060,101061,101062],{},"Start with ",[15,101063,100967],{},[33,101065,101066,101067],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101068,100942],{},[33,101070,101071,101072,101074],{},"Only ",[15,101073,57758],{}," remains",[33,101076,101077],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101079,101080],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44837,101082],{},[51,101084,8569,101086,101088],{"id":101085},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101087,100344],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101090,101091,101092,144],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101093,100344],{},[20,101095,101096],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[56,101098,101100],{"className":58,"code":101099,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101101,101102,101134,101151,101164,101181,101185,101214],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101103,101104,101106,101108,101110,101112,101114,101116,101118,101120,101122,101124,101126,101128,101130,101132],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101105,3768],{"class":71},[65,101107,76],{"class":75},[65,101109,80],{"class":79},[65,101111,3135],{"class":96},[65,101113,100],{"class":79},[65,101115,113],{"class":96},[65,101117,100],{"class":79},[65,101119,127],{"class":96},[65,101121,100],{"class":79},[65,101123,2602],{"class":96},[65,101125,100],{"class":79},[65,101127,4762],{"class":96},[65,101129,100],{"class":79},[65,101131,37560],{"class":96},[65,101133,130],{"class":79},[65,101135,101136,101139,101141,101143,101145,101147,101149],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,101137,101138],{"class":71},"group_a ",[65,101140,76],{"class":75},[65,101142,80],{"class":79},[65,101144,2204],{"class":96},[65,101146,100],{"class":79},[65,101148,2602],{"class":96},[65,101150,130],{"class":79},[65,101152,101153,101156,101158,101160,101162],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,101154,101155],{"class":71},"group_b ",[65,101157,76],{"class":75},[65,101159,80],{"class":79},[65,101161,2284],{"class":96},[65,101163,130],{"class":79},[65,101165,101166,101169,101171,101173,101175,101177,101179],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,101167,101168],{"class":71},"group_c ",[65,101170,76],{"class":75},[65,101172,80],{"class":79},[65,101174,80521],{"class":96},[65,101176,100],{"class":79},[65,101178,6146],{"class":96},[65,101180,130],{"class":79},[65,101182,101183],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,101184,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,101186,101187,101189,101191,101193,101195,101197,101199,101202,101204,101207,101209,101212],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,101188,401],{"class":71},[65,101190,76],{"class":75},[65,101192,4419],{"class":71},[65,101194,144],{"class":79},[65,101196,2958],{"class":147},[65,101198,168],{"class":79},[65,101200,101201],{"class":147},"group_a",[65,101203,100],{"class":79},[65,101205,101206],{"class":147}," group_b",[65,101208,100],{"class":79},[65,101210,101211],{"class":147}," group_c",[65,101213,174],{"class":79},[65,101215,101216,101218,101220,101222],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,101217,165],{"class":164},[65,101219,168],{"class":79},[65,101221,425],{"class":147},[65,101223,174],{"class":79},[20,101225,191],{},[56,101227,101229],{"className":58,"code":101228,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101230,101231],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101232,101233,101235,101237,101239,101241],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101234,218],{"class":79},[65,101236,3135],{"class":96},[65,101238,100],{"class":79},[65,101240,127],{"class":96},[65,101242,130],{"class":79},[20,101244,101245],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44837,101247],{},[51,101249,101251,10729,101253],{"id":101250},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101252,100344],{},[15,101254,101255],{},"difference_update()",[20,101257,101258],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1059,101260,101261],{"id":2958},[15,101262,100344],{},[30,101264,101265,101268],{},[33,101266,101267],{},"Returns a new set",[33,101269,101270],{},"Does not change the original set",[56,101272,101274],{"className":58,"code":101273,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101275,101276,101300,101316,101320,101338,101342,101352],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101277,101278,101280,101282,101284,101286,101288,101290,101292,101294,101296,101298],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101279,2700],{"class":71},[65,101281,76],{"class":75},[65,101283,80],{"class":79},[65,101285,3135],{"class":96},[65,101287,100],{"class":79},[65,101289,113],{"class":96},[65,101291,100],{"class":79},[65,101293,127],{"class":96},[65,101295,100],{"class":79},[65,101297,2602],{"class":96},[65,101299,130],{"class":79},[65,101301,101302,101304,101306,101308,101310,101312,101314],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,101303,2728],{"class":71},[65,101305,76],{"class":75},[65,101307,80],{"class":79},[65,101309,2210],{"class":96},[65,101311,100],{"class":79},[65,101313,2602],{"class":96},[65,101315,130],{"class":79},[65,101317,101318],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,101319,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,101321,101322,101324,101326,101328,101330,101332,101334,101336],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,101323,401],{"class":71},[65,101325,76],{"class":75},[65,101327,56812],{"class":71},[65,101329,144],{"class":79},[65,101331,2958],{"class":147},[65,101333,168],{"class":79},[65,101335,106],{"class":147},[65,101337,174],{"class":79},[65,101339,101340],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,101341,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,101343,101344,101346,101348,101350],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,101345,165],{"class":164},[65,101347,168],{"class":79},[65,101349,425],{"class":147},[65,101351,174],{"class":79},[65,101353,101354,101356,101358,101360],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,101355,165],{"class":164},[65,101357,168],{"class":79},[65,101359,88],{"class":147},[65,101361,174],{"class":79},[20,101363,191],{},[56,101365,101367],{"className":58,"code":101366,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101368,101369,101381],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101370,101371,101373,101375,101377,101379],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101372,218],{"class":79},[65,101374,3135],{"class":96},[65,101376,100],{"class":79},[65,101378,113],{"class":96},[65,101380,130],{"class":79},[65,101382,101383,101385,101387,101389,101391,101393,101395,101397,101399],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,101384,218],{"class":79},[65,101386,3135],{"class":96},[65,101388,100],{"class":79},[65,101390,113],{"class":96},[65,101392,100],{"class":79},[65,101394,127],{"class":96},[65,101396,100],{"class":79},[65,101398,2602],{"class":96},[65,101400,130],{"class":79},[1059,101402,101404],{"id":101403},"difference_update",[15,101405,101255],{},[30,101407,101408,101411],{},[33,101409,101410],{},"Changes the original set",[33,101412,96248],{},[56,101414,101416],{"className":58,"code":101415,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101417,101418,101442,101458,101462,101476,101480],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101419,101420,101422,101424,101426,101428,101430,101432,101434,101436,101438,101440],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101421,2700],{"class":71},[65,101423,76],{"class":75},[65,101425,80],{"class":79},[65,101427,3135],{"class":96},[65,101429,100],{"class":79},[65,101431,113],{"class":96},[65,101433,100],{"class":79},[65,101435,127],{"class":96},[65,101437,100],{"class":79},[65,101439,2602],{"class":96},[65,101441,130],{"class":79},[65,101443,101444,101446,101448,101450,101452,101454,101456],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,101445,2728],{"class":71},[65,101447,76],{"class":75},[65,101449,80],{"class":79},[65,101451,2210],{"class":96},[65,101453,100],{"class":79},[65,101455,2602],{"class":96},[65,101457,130],{"class":79},[65,101459,101460],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,101461,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,101463,101464,101466,101468,101470,101472,101474],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,101465,88],{"class":71},[65,101467,144],{"class":79},[65,101469,101403],{"class":147},[65,101471,168],{"class":79},[65,101473,106],{"class":147},[65,101475,174],{"class":79},[65,101477,101478],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,101479,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,101481,101482,101484,101486,101488],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,101483,165],{"class":164},[65,101485,168],{"class":79},[65,101487,88],{"class":147},[65,101489,174],{"class":79},[20,101491,191],{},[56,101493,101494],{"className":58,"code":100437,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,101495,101496],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101497,101498,101500,101502,101504,101506],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101499,218],{"class":79},[65,101501,3135],{"class":96},[65,101503,100],{"class":79},[65,101505,113],{"class":96},[65,101507,130],{"class":79},[20,101509,1309,101510,101512],{},[15,101511,100344],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101514,101515,101516,33512],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101517,101255],{},[44837,101519],{},[51,101521,101523,101525,101526,101528],{"id":101522},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101524,100344],{}," vs the ",[15,101527,2169],{}," operator",[20,101530,22,101531,101533,101534,101536],{},[15,101532,2169],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101535,100344],{}," for two sets.",[56,101538,101540],{"className":58,"code":101539,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101541,101542,101566,101582,101586,101604],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101543,101544,101546,101548,101550,101552,101554,101556,101558,101560,101562,101564],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101545,2700],{"class":71},[65,101547,76],{"class":75},[65,101549,80],{"class":79},[65,101551,3135],{"class":96},[65,101553,100],{"class":79},[65,101555,113],{"class":96},[65,101557,100],{"class":79},[65,101559,127],{"class":96},[65,101561,100],{"class":79},[65,101563,2602],{"class":96},[65,101565,130],{"class":79},[65,101567,101568,101570,101572,101574,101576,101578,101580],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,101569,2728],{"class":71},[65,101571,76],{"class":75},[65,101573,80],{"class":79},[65,101575,2210],{"class":96},[65,101577,100],{"class":79},[65,101579,2602],{"class":96},[65,101581,130],{"class":79},[65,101583,101584],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,101585,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,101587,101588,101590,101592,101594,101596,101598,101600,101602],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,101589,165],{"class":164},[65,101591,168],{"class":79},[65,101593,88],{"class":147},[65,101595,144],{"class":79},[65,101597,2958],{"class":147},[65,101599,168],{"class":79},[65,101601,106],{"class":147},[65,101603,1870],{"class":79},[65,101605,101606,101608,101610,101612,101614,101616],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,101607,165],{"class":164},[65,101609,168],{"class":79},[65,101611,2700],{"class":147},[65,101613,2169],{"class":75},[65,101615,2705],{"class":147},[65,101617,174],{"class":79},[20,101619,191],{},[56,101621,101623],{"className":58,"code":101622,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101624,101625,101637],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101626,101627,101629,101631,101633,101635],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101628,218],{"class":79},[65,101630,3135],{"class":96},[65,101632,100],{"class":79},[65,101634,113],{"class":96},[65,101636,130],{"class":79},[65,101638,101639,101641,101643,101645,101647],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,101640,218],{"class":79},[65,101642,3135],{"class":96},[65,101644,100],{"class":79},[65,101646,113],{"class":96},[65,101648,130],{"class":79},[20,101650,101651],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101653,94518,101654,2637],{},[15,101655,100344],{},[30,101657,101658,101661,101664],{},[33,101659,101660],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[33,101662,101663],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[33,101665,101666],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101668,101669],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[56,101671,101673],{"className":58,"code":101672,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101674,101675,101703,101715,101727,101731],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101676,101677,101679,101681,101683,101685,101687,101689,101691,101693,101695,101697,101699,101701],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101678,2700],{"class":71},[65,101680,76],{"class":75},[65,101682,80],{"class":79},[65,101684,3135],{"class":96},[65,101686,100],{"class":79},[65,101688,113],{"class":96},[65,101690,100],{"class":79},[65,101692,127],{"class":96},[65,101694,100],{"class":79},[65,101696,2602],{"class":96},[65,101698,100],{"class":79},[65,101700,4762],{"class":96},[65,101702,130],{"class":79},[65,101704,101705,101707,101709,101711,101713],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,101706,2728],{"class":71},[65,101708,76],{"class":75},[65,101710,80],{"class":79},[65,101712,2204],{"class":96},[65,101714,130],{"class":79},[65,101716,101717,101719,101721,101723,101725],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,101718,83113],{"class":71},[65,101720,76],{"class":75},[65,101722,80],{"class":79},[65,101724,2650],{"class":96},[65,101726,130],{"class":79},[65,101728,101729],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,101730,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,101732,101733,101735,101737,101739,101741,101743,101745,101747,101749,101751],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,101734,165],{"class":164},[65,101736,168],{"class":79},[65,101738,88],{"class":147},[65,101740,144],{"class":79},[65,101742,2958],{"class":147},[65,101744,168],{"class":79},[65,101746,106],{"class":147},[65,101748,100],{"class":79},[65,101750,9827],{"class":147},[65,101752,1870],{"class":79},[20,101754,191],{},[56,101756,101758],{"className":58,"code":101757,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101759,101760],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101761,101762,101764,101766,101768,101770,101772,101774],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101763,218],{"class":79},[65,101765,3135],{"class":96},[65,101767,100],{"class":79},[65,101769,127],{"class":96},[65,101771,100],{"class":79},[65,101773,4762],{"class":96},[65,101775,130],{"class":79},[20,101777,101778,101779,101781],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101780,2169],{}," operator expression.",[44837,101783],{},[51,101785,4675],{"id":4674},[20,101787,21327,101788,144],{},[15,101789,100344],{},[1059,101791,101793],{"id":101792},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101795,4785,101796,101798,101799,93],{},[46,101797,1014],{}," change ",[15,101800,88],{},[56,101802,101804],{"className":58,"code":101803,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101805,101806,101826,101838,101842,101856],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101807,101808,101810,101812,101814,101816,101818,101820,101822,101824],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101809,2700],{"class":71},[65,101811,76],{"class":75},[65,101813,80],{"class":79},[65,101815,3135],{"class":96},[65,101817,100],{"class":79},[65,101819,113],{"class":96},[65,101821,100],{"class":79},[65,101823,127],{"class":96},[65,101825,130],{"class":79},[65,101827,101828,101830,101832,101834,101836],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,101829,2728],{"class":71},[65,101831,76],{"class":75},[65,101833,80],{"class":79},[65,101835,2210],{"class":96},[65,101837,130],{"class":79},[65,101839,101840],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,101841,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,101843,101844,101846,101848,101850,101852,101854],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,101845,88],{"class":71},[65,101847,144],{"class":79},[65,101849,2958],{"class":147},[65,101851,168],{"class":79},[65,101853,106],{"class":147},[65,101855,174],{"class":79},[65,101857,101858,101860,101862,101864],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,101859,165],{"class":164},[65,101861,168],{"class":79},[65,101863,88],{"class":147},[65,101865,174],{"class":79},[20,101867,191],{},[56,101869,101870],{"className":58,"code":96537,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,101871,101872],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101873,101874,101876,101878,101880,101882,101884,101886],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101875,218],{"class":79},[65,101877,3135],{"class":96},[65,101879,100],{"class":79},[65,101881,113],{"class":96},[65,101883,100],{"class":79},[65,101885,127],{"class":96},[65,101887,130],{"class":79},[20,101889,101890],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[56,101892,101894],{"className":58,"code":101893,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101895,101896,101916,101928,101932,101950],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101897,101898,101900,101902,101904,101906,101908,101910,101912,101914],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101899,2700],{"class":71},[65,101901,76],{"class":75},[65,101903,80],{"class":79},[65,101905,3135],{"class":96},[65,101907,100],{"class":79},[65,101909,113],{"class":96},[65,101911,100],{"class":79},[65,101913,127],{"class":96},[65,101915,130],{"class":79},[65,101917,101918,101920,101922,101924,101926],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,101919,2728],{"class":71},[65,101921,76],{"class":75},[65,101923,80],{"class":79},[65,101925,2210],{"class":96},[65,101927,130],{"class":79},[65,101929,101930],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,101931,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,101933,101934,101936,101938,101940,101942,101944,101946,101948],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,101935,2700],{"class":71},[65,101937,76],{"class":75},[65,101939,56812],{"class":71},[65,101941,144],{"class":79},[65,101943,2958],{"class":147},[65,101945,168],{"class":79},[65,101947,106],{"class":147},[65,101949,174],{"class":79},[65,101951,101952,101954,101956,101958],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,101953,165],{"class":164},[65,101955,168],{"class":79},[65,101957,88],{"class":147},[65,101959,174],{"class":79},[20,101961,191],{},[56,101963,101964],{"className":58,"code":100437,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,101965,101966],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,101967,101968,101970,101972,101974,101976],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,101969,218],{"class":79},[65,101971,3135],{"class":96},[65,101973,100],{"class":79},[65,101975,113],{"class":96},[65,101977,130],{"class":79},[1059,101979,101981],{"id":101980},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101983,101984,101987],{},[15,101985,101986],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[30,101989,101990,101995],{},[33,101991,101992,101993],{},"keep items from ",[15,101994,88],{},[33,101996,101997,101998],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101999,106],{},[20,102001,40824,102002,102004,102005,102007],{},[46,102003,1014],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102006,106],{},"”.",[20,102009,350],{},[56,102011,102013],{"className":58,"code":102012,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102014,102015,102035,102055,102059,102077],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,102016,102017,102019,102021,102023,102025,102027,102029,102031,102033],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,102018,2700],{"class":71},[65,102020,76],{"class":75},[65,102022,80],{"class":79},[65,102024,3135],{"class":96},[65,102026,100],{"class":79},[65,102028,113],{"class":96},[65,102030,100],{"class":79},[65,102032,127],{"class":96},[65,102034,130],{"class":79},[65,102036,102037,102039,102041,102043,102045,102047,102049,102051,102053],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,102038,2728],{"class":71},[65,102040,76],{"class":75},[65,102042,80],{"class":79},[65,102044,2210],{"class":96},[65,102046,100],{"class":79},[65,102048,2602],{"class":96},[65,102050,100],{"class":79},[65,102052,4762],{"class":96},[65,102054,130],{"class":79},[65,102056,102057],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,102058,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,102060,102061,102063,102065,102067,102069,102071,102073,102075],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,102062,165],{"class":164},[65,102064,168],{"class":79},[65,102066,88],{"class":147},[65,102068,144],{"class":79},[65,102070,2958],{"class":147},[65,102072,168],{"class":79},[65,102074,106],{"class":147},[65,102076,1870],{"class":79},[65,102078,102079,102081,102083,102085,102087,102089,102091,102093],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,102080,165],{"class":164},[65,102082,168],{"class":79},[65,102084,106],{"class":147},[65,102086,144],{"class":79},[65,102088,2958],{"class":147},[65,102090,168],{"class":79},[65,102092,88],{"class":147},[65,102094,1870],{"class":79},[20,102096,191],{},[56,102098,102100],{"className":58,"code":102099,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102101,102102,102114],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,102103,102104,102106,102108,102110,102112],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,102105,218],{"class":79},[65,102107,3135],{"class":96},[65,102109,100],{"class":79},[65,102111,113],{"class":96},[65,102113,130],{"class":79},[65,102115,102116,102118,102120,102122,102124],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,102117,218],{"class":79},[65,102119,2650],{"class":96},[65,102121,100],{"class":79},[65,102123,4762],{"class":96},[65,102125,130],{"class":79},[20,102127,102128],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1059,102130,102132],{"id":102131},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102134,102135,102137],{},[15,102136,100344],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102139,55243],{},[56,102141,102143],{"className":58,"code":102142,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102144,102145,102165,102181,102185],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,102146,102147,102149,102151,102153,102155,102157,102159,102161,102163],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,102148,2700],{"class":71},[65,102150,76],{"class":75},[65,102152,3773],{"class":79},[65,102154,3135],{"class":96},[65,102156,100],{"class":79},[65,102158,113],{"class":96},[65,102160,100],{"class":79},[65,102162,127],{"class":96},[65,102164,3786],{"class":79},[65,102166,102167,102169,102171,102173,102175,102177,102179],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,102168,2728],{"class":71},[65,102170,76],{"class":75},[65,102172,3773],{"class":79},[65,102174,2210],{"class":96},[65,102176,100],{"class":79},[65,102178,2602],{"class":96},[65,102180,3786],{"class":79},[65,102182,102183],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,102184,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,102186,102187],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,102188,102189],{"class":3816},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102191,102192],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[56,102194,102196],{"className":58,"code":102195,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102197,102198,102218,102234,102238,102264],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,102199,102200,102202,102204,102206,102208,102210,102212,102214,102216],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,102201,2700],{"class":71},[65,102203,76],{"class":75},[65,102205,3773],{"class":79},[65,102207,3135],{"class":96},[65,102209,100],{"class":79},[65,102211,113],{"class":96},[65,102213,100],{"class":79},[65,102215,127],{"class":96},[65,102217,3786],{"class":79},[65,102219,102220,102222,102224,102226,102228,102230,102232],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,102221,2728],{"class":71},[65,102223,76],{"class":75},[65,102225,3773],{"class":79},[65,102227,2210],{"class":96},[65,102229,100],{"class":79},[65,102231,2602],{"class":96},[65,102233,3786],{"class":79},[65,102235,102236],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,102237,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,102239,102240,102242,102244,102246,102248,102250,102252,102254,102256,102258,102260,102262],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,102241,401],{"class":71},[65,102243,76],{"class":75},[65,102245,15755],{"class":1368},[65,102247,168],{"class":79},[65,102249,88],{"class":147},[65,102251,8782],{"class":79},[65,102253,2958],{"class":147},[65,102255,168],{"class":79},[65,102257,6440],{"class":1368},[65,102259,168],{"class":79},[65,102261,106],{"class":147},[65,102263,1870],{"class":79},[65,102265,102266,102268,102270,102272],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,102267,165],{"class":164},[65,102269,168],{"class":79},[65,102271,425],{"class":147},[65,102273,174],{"class":79},[20,102275,191],{},[56,102277,102278],{"className":58,"code":100437,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,102279,102280],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,102281,102282,102284,102286,102288,102290],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,102283,218],{"class":79},[65,102285,3135],{"class":96},[65,102287,100],{"class":79},[65,102289,113],{"class":96},[65,102291,130],{"class":79},[1059,102293,102295],{"id":102294},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102297,102298],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[56,102300,102302],{"className":58,"code":102301,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102303,102304,102336,102352,102356],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,102305,102306,102308,102310,102312,102314,102316,102318,102320,102322,102324,102326,102328,102330,102332,102334],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,102307,2700],{"class":71},[65,102309,76],{"class":75},[65,102311,80],{"class":79},[65,102313,84],{"class":83},[65,102315,36963],{"class":87},[65,102317,84],{"class":83},[65,102319,100],{"class":79},[65,102321,103],{"class":83},[65,102323,58052],{"class":87},[65,102325,84],{"class":83},[65,102327,100],{"class":79},[65,102329,103],{"class":83},[65,102331,58069],{"class":87},[65,102333,84],{"class":83},[65,102335,130],{"class":79},[65,102337,102338,102340,102342,102344,102346,102348,102350],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,102339,2728],{"class":71},[65,102341,76],{"class":75},[65,102343,80],{"class":79},[65,102345,84],{"class":83},[65,102347,58052],{"class":87},[65,102349,84],{"class":83},[65,102351,130],{"class":79},[65,102353,102354],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,102355,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,102357,102358,102360,102362,102364,102366,102368,102370,102372],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,102359,165],{"class":164},[65,102361,168],{"class":79},[65,102363,88],{"class":147},[65,102365,144],{"class":79},[65,102367,2958],{"class":147},[65,102369,168],{"class":79},[65,102371,106],{"class":147},[65,102373,1870],{"class":79},[20,102375,102376],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1059,102378,102380],{"id":102379},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102382,102383],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[56,102385,102387],{"className":58,"code":102386,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102388,102389,102417,102429,102433,102443],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,102390,102391,102393,102395,102397,102399,102401,102403,102405,102407,102409,102411,102413,102415],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,102392,2700],{"class":71},[65,102394,76],{"class":75},[65,102396,80],{"class":79},[65,102398,3135],{"class":96},[65,102400,100],{"class":79},[65,102402,97],{"class":96},[65,102404,100],{"class":79},[65,102406,113],{"class":96},[65,102408,100],{"class":79},[65,102410,113],{"class":96},[65,102412,100],{"class":79},[65,102414,127],{"class":96},[65,102416,130],{"class":79},[65,102418,102419,102421,102423,102425,102427],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,102420,2728],{"class":71},[65,102422,76],{"class":75},[65,102424,80],{"class":79},[65,102426,2210],{"class":96},[65,102428,130],{"class":79},[65,102430,102431],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,102432,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,102434,102435,102437,102439,102441],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,102436,165],{"class":164},[65,102438,168],{"class":79},[65,102440,88],{"class":147},[65,102442,174],{"class":79},[65,102444,102445,102447,102449,102451,102453,102455,102457,102459],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,102446,165],{"class":164},[65,102448,168],{"class":79},[65,102450,88],{"class":147},[65,102452,144],{"class":79},[65,102454,2958],{"class":147},[65,102456,168],{"class":79},[65,102458,106],{"class":147},[65,102460,1870],{"class":79},[20,102462,191],{},[56,102464,102466],{"className":58,"code":102465,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102467,102468,102484],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,102469,102470,102472,102474,102476,102478,102480,102482],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,102471,218],{"class":79},[65,102473,3135],{"class":96},[65,102475,100],{"class":79},[65,102477,113],{"class":96},[65,102479,100],{"class":79},[65,102481,127],{"class":96},[65,102483,130],{"class":79},[65,102485,102486,102488,102490,102492,102494],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,102487,218],{"class":79},[65,102489,3135],{"class":96},[65,102491,100],{"class":79},[65,102493,113],{"class":96},[65,102495,130],{"class":79},[20,102497,102498,102499,102501],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102500,100344],{}," runs.",[1059,102503,102505],{"id":102504},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102507,102508],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[56,102510,102512],{"className":58,"code":102511,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102513,102514,102538,102558,102562,102572,102582,102600,102622],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,102515,102516,102518,102520,102522,102524,102526,102528,102530,102532,102534,102536],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,102517,2700],{"class":71},[65,102519,76],{"class":75},[65,102521,80],{"class":79},[65,102523,3135],{"class":96},[65,102525,100],{"class":79},[65,102527,113],{"class":96},[65,102529,100],{"class":79},[65,102531,127],{"class":96},[65,102533,100],{"class":79},[65,102535,2602],{"class":96},[65,102537,130],{"class":79},[65,102539,102540,102542,102544,102546,102548,102550,102552,102554,102556],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,102541,2728],{"class":71},[65,102543,76],{"class":75},[65,102545,80],{"class":79},[65,102547,2210],{"class":96},[65,102549,100],{"class":79},[65,102551,2602],{"class":96},[65,102553,100],{"class":79},[65,102555,4762],{"class":96},[65,102557,130],{"class":79},[65,102559,102560],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,102561,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,102563,102564,102566,102568,102570],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,102565,165],{"class":164},[65,102567,168],{"class":79},[65,102569,88],{"class":147},[65,102571,174],{"class":79},[65,102573,102574,102576,102578,102580],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,102575,165],{"class":164},[65,102577,168],{"class":79},[65,102579,106],{"class":147},[65,102581,174],{"class":79},[65,102583,102584,102586,102588,102590,102592,102594,102596,102598],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,102585,165],{"class":164},[65,102587,168],{"class":79},[65,102589,88],{"class":147},[65,102591,144],{"class":79},[65,102593,2958],{"class":147},[65,102595,168],{"class":79},[65,102597,106],{"class":147},[65,102599,1870],{"class":79},[65,102601,102602,102604,102606,102608,102610,102612,102614,102616,102618,102620],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,102603,165],{"class":164},[65,102605,168],{"class":79},[65,102607,3370],{"class":1368},[65,102609,168],{"class":79},[65,102611,88],{"class":147},[65,102613,144],{"class":79},[65,102615,2958],{"class":147},[65,102617,168],{"class":79},[65,102619,106],{"class":147},[65,102621,3058],{"class":79},[65,102623,102624,102626,102628,102630,102632,102634,102636,102638,102640,102642],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,102625,165],{"class":164},[65,102627,168],{"class":79},[65,102629,1863],{"class":164},[65,102631,168],{"class":79},[65,102633,88],{"class":147},[65,102635,144],{"class":79},[65,102637,2958],{"class":147},[65,102639,168],{"class":79},[65,102641,106],{"class":147},[65,102643,3058],{"class":79},[20,102645,11315],{},[30,102647,102648,102651,102654,102657],{},[33,102649,102650],{},"what is in each set",[33,102652,102653],{},"what result Python creates",[33,102655,102656],{},"that the result is a set",[33,102658,102659],{},"how many items remain",[44837,102661],{},[51,102663,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,102665,1966,102667,102669],{"id":102666},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102668,100344],{}," change the original set?",[20,102671,102672],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1059,102674,5330,102676,1048,102678,2637],{"id":102675},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102677,100344],{},[15,102679,101255],{},[20,102681,102682,102684,102685,102687],{},[15,102683,100344],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102686,101255],{}," modifies the original set.",[1059,102689,28432,102691,102693],{"id":102690},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102692,100344],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102695,102696],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1059,102698,102700],{"id":102699},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102702,102703],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44837,102705],{},[51,102707,2015],{"id":2014},[30,102709,102710,102714,102722],{},[33,102711,102712],{},[88,102713,96258],{"href":97429},[33,102715,102716],{},[88,102717,96744,102719,10885],{"href":102718},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102720,102721],{},"intersection()",[33,102723,102724],{},[88,102725,96744,102727,10885],{"href":102726},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102728,102729],{},"union()",[2071,102731,102732],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":102734},[102735,102736,102738,102739,102740,102741,102743,102748,102750,102758,102767],{"id":3757,"depth":133,"text":3758},{"id":100466,"depth":133,"text":102737},"What difference() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":17532,"depth":133,"text":17533},{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506},{"id":101085,"depth":133,"text":102742},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101250,"depth":133,"text":102744,"children":102745},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102746,102747],{"id":2958,"depth":154,"text":100344},{"id":101403,"depth":154,"text":101255},{"id":101522,"depth":133,"text":102749},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675,"children":102751},[102752,102753,102754,102755,102756,102757],{"id":101792,"depth":154,"text":101793},{"id":101980,"depth":154,"text":101981},{"id":102131,"depth":154,"text":102132},{"id":102294,"depth":154,"text":102295},{"id":102379,"depth":154,"text":102380},{"id":102504,"depth":154,"text":102505},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":102759},[102760,102762,102764,102766],{"id":102666,"depth":154,"text":102761},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102675,"depth":154,"text":102763},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102690,"depth":154,"text":102765},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102699,"depth":154,"text":102700},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100336,"description":102768},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102775,"title":102776,"body":102777,"description":104472,"extension":2111,"meta":104473,"navigation":157,"path":104474,"seo":104475,"stem":104476,"__hash__":104477},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102778,"toc":104434},[102779,102785,102791,102804,102806,102907,102909,102954,102959,102964,102968,102982,102985,102993,102995,103014,103032,103036,103089,103091,103112,103119,103124,103151,103158,103257,103259,103296,103304,103308,103314,103317,103390,103392,103400,103405,103474,103476,103501,103503,103506,103609,103611,103672,103675,103679,103685,103758,103760,103793,103796,103799,103839,103845,103868,103873,103877,103888,103891,103893,103897,103903,103905,103962,103972,103974,104027,104034,104039,104107,104115,104121,104125,104127,104166,104171,104220,104224,104227,104229,104268,104271,104273,104278,104335,104337,104351,104353,104357,104363,104368,104373,104380,104391,104397,104402,104404,104431],[10,102780,96130,102782,18],{"id":102781},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102783,102784],{},"discard()",[20,102786,102787,102790],{},[15,102788,102789],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102792,102793,102794,1028,102799,14183,102801,102803],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[88,102795,102796],{"href":98139},[15,102797,102798],{},"set.remove()",[15,102800,102784],{},[46,102802,1014],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[51,102805,54],{"id":53},[56,102807,102809],{"className":58,"code":102808,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102810,102811,102843,102862,102872,102876,102897],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,102812,102813,102815,102817,102819,102821,102823,102825,102827,102829,102831,102833,102835,102837,102839,102841],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,102814,13206],{"class":71},[65,102816,76],{"class":75},[65,102818,80],{"class":79},[65,102820,84],{"class":83},[65,102822,13223],{"class":87},[65,102824,84],{"class":83},[65,102826,100],{"class":79},[65,102828,103],{"class":83},[65,102830,13240],{"class":87},[65,102832,84],{"class":83},[65,102834,100],{"class":79},[65,102836,103],{"class":83},[65,102838,17570],{"class":87},[65,102840,84],{"class":83},[65,102842,130],{"class":79},[65,102844,102845,102847,102849,102852,102854,102856,102858,102860],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,102846,17617],{"class":71},[65,102848,144],{"class":79},[65,102850,102851],{"class":147},"discard",[65,102853,168],{"class":79},[65,102855,84],{"class":83},[65,102857,13240],{"class":87},[65,102859,84],{"class":83},[65,102861,174],{"class":79},[65,102863,102864,102866,102868,102870],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,102865,165],{"class":164},[65,102867,168],{"class":79},[65,102869,17617],{"class":147},[65,102871,174],{"class":79},[65,102873,102874],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,102875,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,102877,102878,102880,102882,102884,102886,102888,102890,102892,102894],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,102879,17617],{"class":71},[65,102881,144],{"class":79},[65,102883,102851],{"class":147},[65,102885,168],{"class":79},[65,102887,84],{"class":83},[65,102889,22631],{"class":87},[65,102891,84],{"class":83},[65,102893,3813],{"class":79},[65,102895,102896],{"class":3816},"  # no error if missing\n",[65,102898,102899,102901,102903,102905],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,102900,165],{"class":164},[65,102902,168],{"class":79},[65,102904,17617],{"class":147},[65,102906,174],{"class":79},[20,102908,1725],{},[56,102910,102912],{"className":58,"code":102911,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102913,102914,102934],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,102915,102916,102918,102920,102922,102924,102926,102928,102930,102932],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,102917,218],{"class":79},[65,102919,203],{"class":83},[65,102921,13223],{"class":87},[65,102923,203],{"class":83},[65,102925,100],{"class":79},[65,102927,233],{"class":83},[65,102929,17570],{"class":87},[65,102931,203],{"class":83},[65,102933,130],{"class":79},[65,102935,102936,102938,102940,102942,102944,102946,102948,102950,102952],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,102937,218],{"class":79},[65,102939,203],{"class":83},[65,102941,13223],{"class":87},[65,102943,203],{"class":83},[65,102945,100],{"class":79},[65,102947,233],{"class":83},[65,102949,17570],{"class":87},[65,102951,203],{"class":83},[65,102953,130],{"class":79},[20,102955,1309,102956,102958],{},[15,102957,102784],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[51,102960,252,102962,255],{"id":102961},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102963,102789],{},[20,102965,102966,93],{},[15,102967,102784],{},[30,102969,102970,102973,102976,102978],{},[33,102971,102972],{},"Removes one item from a set",[33,102974,102975],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[33,102977,96245],{},[33,102979,11566,102980],{},[15,102981,3930],{},[20,102983,102984],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102986,96254,102987,3024,102990,144],{},[88,102988,102989],{"href":98721},"what a set is in Python",[88,102991,102992],{"href":97813},"how to create a set",[51,102994,283],{"id":282},[56,102996,102998],{"className":58,"code":102997,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102999,103000],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103001,103002,103004,103006,103008,103010,103012],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103003,15788],{"class":71},[65,103005,144],{"class":79},[65,103007,102851],{"class":147},[65,103009,168],{"class":79},[65,103011,1714],{"class":147},[65,103013,174],{"class":79},[30,103015,103016,103021,103026,103029],{},[33,103017,103018,103020],{},[15,103019,15788],{}," is the set you want to change",[33,103022,103023,103025],{},[15,103024,1714],{}," is the item you want to remove",[33,103027,103028],{},"The set must already exist",[33,103030,103031],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1059,103033,103035],{"id":103034},"example","Example",[56,103037,103039],{"className":58,"code":103038,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103040,103041,103065,103079],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103042,103043,103045,103047,103049,103051,103053,103055,103057,103059,103061,103063],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103044,3768],{"class":71},[65,103046,76],{"class":75},[65,103048,80],{"class":79},[65,103050,3135],{"class":96},[65,103052,100],{"class":79},[65,103054,113],{"class":96},[65,103056,100],{"class":79},[65,103058,127],{"class":96},[65,103060,100],{"class":79},[65,103062,2602],{"class":96},[65,103064,130],{"class":79},[65,103066,103067,103069,103071,103073,103075,103077],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,103068,3800],{"class":71},[65,103070,144],{"class":79},[65,103072,102851],{"class":147},[65,103074,168],{"class":79},[65,103076,2210],{"class":96},[65,103078,174],{"class":79},[65,103080,103081,103083,103085,103087],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,103082,165],{"class":164},[65,103084,168],{"class":79},[65,103086,3800],{"class":147},[65,103088,174],{"class":79},[20,103090,191],{},[56,103092,103094],{"className":58,"code":103093,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103095,103096],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103097,103098,103100,103102,103104,103106,103108,103110],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103099,218],{"class":79},[65,103101,3135],{"class":96},[65,103103,100],{"class":79},[65,103105,113],{"class":96},[65,103107,100],{"class":79},[65,103109,2602],{"class":96},[65,103111,130],{"class":79},[51,103113,103115,103116,103118],{"id":103114},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103117,102784],{}," different",[20,103120,103121,103123],{},[15,103122,102784],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[30,103125,103126,103139,103148],{},[33,103127,103128,103129,1028,103133,103135,103136,103138],{},"Unlike ",[88,103130,103131],{"href":98139},[15,103132,55453],{},[15,103134,102784],{}," does not raise ",[15,103137,1369],{}," when the item is missing",[33,103140,103128,103141,1028,103145,103147],{},[88,103142,103143],{"href":98144},[15,103144,327],{},[15,103146,102784],{}," removes a specific item",[33,103149,103150],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1059,103152,103154,10729,103156],{"id":103153},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103155,102784],{},[15,103157,55453],{},[56,103159,103161],{"className":58,"code":103160,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103162,103163,103187,103191,103212,103222,103226,103247],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103164,103165,103167,103169,103171,103173,103175,103177,103179,103181,103183,103185],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103166,7929],{"class":71},[65,103168,76],{"class":75},[65,103170,80],{"class":79},[65,103172,84],{"class":83},[65,103174,4234],{"class":87},[65,103176,84],{"class":83},[65,103178,100],{"class":79},[65,103180,103],{"class":83},[65,103182,4243],{"class":87},[65,103184,84],{"class":83},[65,103186,130],{"class":79},[65,103188,103189],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,103190,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,103192,103193,103195,103197,103199,103201,103203,103205,103207,103209],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,103194,7960],{"class":71},[65,103196,144],{"class":79},[65,103198,102851],{"class":147},[65,103200,168],{"class":79},[65,103202,84],{"class":83},[65,103204,33132],{"class":87},[65,103206,84],{"class":83},[65,103208,3813],{"class":79},[65,103210,103211],{"class":3816},"   # no error\n",[65,103213,103214,103216,103218,103220],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,103215,165],{"class":164},[65,103217,168],{"class":79},[65,103219,7960],{"class":147},[65,103221,174],{"class":79},[65,103223,103224],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,103225,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,103227,103228,103230,103232,103234,103236,103238,103240,103242,103244],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,103229,7960],{"class":71},[65,103231,144],{"class":79},[65,103233,34707],{"class":147},[65,103235,168],{"class":79},[65,103237,84],{"class":83},[65,103239,4243],{"class":87},[65,103241,84],{"class":83},[65,103243,3813],{"class":79},[65,103245,103246],{"class":3816},"    # removes existing item\n",[65,103248,103249,103251,103253,103255],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,103250,165],{"class":164},[65,103252,168],{"class":79},[65,103254,7960],{"class":147},[65,103256,174],{"class":79},[20,103258,191],{},[56,103260,103262],{"className":58,"code":103261,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103263,103264,103284],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103265,103266,103268,103270,103272,103274,103276,103278,103280,103282],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103267,218],{"class":79},[65,103269,203],{"class":83},[65,103271,4234],{"class":87},[65,103273,203],{"class":83},[65,103275,100],{"class":79},[65,103277,233],{"class":83},[65,103279,4243],{"class":87},[65,103281,203],{"class":83},[65,103283,130],{"class":79},[65,103285,103286,103288,103290,103292,103294],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,103287,218],{"class":79},[65,103289,203],{"class":83},[65,103291,4234],{"class":87},[65,103293,203],{"class":83},[65,103295,130],{"class":79},[20,103297,40261,103298,103300,103301,103303],{},[15,103299,55453],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[88,103302,11220],{"href":11219}," for more help with that case.",[51,103305,103307],{"id":103306},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103309,103310,2543,103312,144],{},[15,103311,102784],{},[15,103313,3930],{},[20,103315,103316],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[56,103318,103320],{"className":58,"code":103319,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103321,103322,103354,103376,103380],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103323,103324,103326,103328,103330,103332,103334,103336,103338,103340,103342,103344,103346,103348,103350,103352],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103325,13206],{"class":71},[65,103327,76],{"class":75},[65,103329,80],{"class":79},[65,103331,84],{"class":83},[65,103333,13223],{"class":87},[65,103335,84],{"class":83},[65,103337,100],{"class":79},[65,103339,103],{"class":83},[65,103341,13240],{"class":87},[65,103343,84],{"class":83},[65,103345,100],{"class":79},[65,103347,103],{"class":83},[65,103349,17570],{"class":87},[65,103351,84],{"class":83},[65,103353,130],{"class":79},[65,103355,103356,103358,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,103357,401],{"class":71},[65,103359,76],{"class":75},[65,103361,13254],{"class":71},[65,103363,144],{"class":79},[65,103365,102851],{"class":147},[65,103367,168],{"class":79},[65,103369,84],{"class":83},[65,103371,13240],{"class":87},[65,103373,84],{"class":83},[65,103375,174],{"class":79},[65,103377,103378],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,103379,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,103381,103382,103384,103386,103388],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,103383,165],{"class":164},[65,103385,168],{"class":79},[65,103387,425],{"class":147},[65,103389,174],{"class":79},[20,103391,191],{},[56,103393,103394],{"className":58,"code":11943,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,103395,103396],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103397,103398],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103399,11943],{"class":4005},[20,103401,103402,103403,93],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103404,17617],{},[56,103406,103408],{"className":58,"code":103407,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103409,103410,103442,103460,103464],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103411,103412,103414,103416,103418,103420,103422,103424,103426,103428,103430,103432,103434,103436,103438,103440],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103413,13206],{"class":71},[65,103415,76],{"class":75},[65,103417,80],{"class":79},[65,103419,84],{"class":83},[65,103421,13223],{"class":87},[65,103423,84],{"class":83},[65,103425,100],{"class":79},[65,103427,103],{"class":83},[65,103429,13240],{"class":87},[65,103431,84],{"class":83},[65,103433,100],{"class":79},[65,103435,103],{"class":83},[65,103437,17570],{"class":87},[65,103439,84],{"class":83},[65,103441,130],{"class":79},[65,103443,103444,103446,103448,103450,103452,103454,103456,103458],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,103445,17617],{"class":71},[65,103447,144],{"class":79},[65,103449,102851],{"class":147},[65,103451,168],{"class":79},[65,103453,84],{"class":83},[65,103455,13240],{"class":87},[65,103457,84],{"class":83},[65,103459,174],{"class":79},[65,103461,103462],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,103463,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,103465,103466,103468,103470,103472],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,103467,165],{"class":164},[65,103469,168],{"class":79},[65,103471,17617],{"class":147},[65,103473,174],{"class":79},[20,103475,191],{},[56,103477,103479],{"className":58,"code":103478,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103480,103481],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103482,103483,103485,103487,103489,103491,103493,103495,103497,103499],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103484,218],{"class":79},[65,103486,203],{"class":83},[65,103488,13223],{"class":87},[65,103490,203],{"class":83},[65,103492,100],{"class":79},[65,103494,233],{"class":83},[65,103496,17570],{"class":87},[65,103498,203],{"class":83},[65,103500,130],{"class":79},[51,103502,506],{"id":505},[20,103504,103505],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[56,103507,103509],{"className":58,"code":103508,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103510,103511,103543,103547,103565,103569,103587,103591],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103512,103513,103515,103517,103519,103521,103523,103525,103527,103529,103531,103533,103535,103537,103539,103541],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103514,36154],{"class":71},[65,103516,76],{"class":75},[65,103518,80],{"class":79},[65,103520,84],{"class":83},[65,103522,4234],{"class":87},[65,103524,84],{"class":83},[65,103526,100],{"class":79},[65,103528,103],{"class":83},[65,103530,4243],{"class":87},[65,103532,84],{"class":83},[65,103534,100],{"class":79},[65,103536,103],{"class":83},[65,103538,33132],{"class":87},[65,103540,84],{"class":83},[65,103542,130],{"class":79},[65,103544,103545],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,103546,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,103548,103549,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559,103561,103563],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,103550,165],{"class":164},[65,103552,168],{"class":79},[65,103554,84],{"class":83},[65,103556,11700],{"class":87},[65,103558,84],{"class":83},[65,103560,100],{"class":79},[65,103562,52775],{"class":147},[65,103564,174],{"class":79},[65,103566,103567],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,103568,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,103570,103571,103573,103575,103577,103579,103581,103583,103585],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,103572,36206],{"class":71},[65,103574,144],{"class":79},[65,103576,102851],{"class":147},[65,103578,168],{"class":79},[65,103580,84],{"class":83},[65,103582,4243],{"class":87},[65,103584,84],{"class":83},[65,103586,174],{"class":79},[65,103588,103589],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,103590,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,103592,103593,103595,103597,103599,103601,103603,103605,103607],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,103594,165],{"class":164},[65,103596,168],{"class":79},[65,103598,84],{"class":83},[65,103600,11740],{"class":87},[65,103602,84],{"class":83},[65,103604,100],{"class":79},[65,103606,52775],{"class":147},[65,103608,174],{"class":79},[20,103610,191],{},[56,103612,103614],{"className":58,"code":103613,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103615,103616,103648],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103617,103618,103620,103622,103624,103626,103628,103630,103632,103634,103636,103638,103640,103642,103644,103646],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103619,11760],{"class":71},[65,103621,93],{"class":79},[65,103623,80],{"class":79},[65,103625,203],{"class":83},[65,103627,4243],{"class":87},[65,103629,203],{"class":83},[65,103631,100],{"class":79},[65,103633,233],{"class":83},[65,103635,4234],{"class":87},[65,103637,203],{"class":83},[65,103639,100],{"class":79},[65,103641,233],{"class":83},[65,103643,33132],{"class":87},[65,103645,203],{"class":83},[65,103647,130],{"class":79},[65,103649,103650,103652,103654,103656,103658,103660,103662,103664,103666,103668,103670],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,103651,11813],{"class":71},[65,103653,93],{"class":79},[65,103655,80],{"class":79},[65,103657,203],{"class":83},[65,103659,4234],{"class":87},[65,103661,203],{"class":83},[65,103663,100],{"class":79},[65,103665,233],{"class":83},[65,103667,33132],{"class":87},[65,103669,203],{"class":83},[65,103671,130],{"class":79},[20,103673,103674],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[51,103676,103678],{"id":103677},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103680,103681,103682,103684],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103683,102784],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[56,103686,103688],{"className":58,"code":103687,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103689,103690,103722,103726,103744,103748],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103691,103692,103694,103696,103698,103700,103702,103704,103706,103708,103710,103712,103714,103716,103718,103720],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103693,36154],{"class":71},[65,103695,76],{"class":75},[65,103697,80],{"class":79},[65,103699,84],{"class":83},[65,103701,4234],{"class":87},[65,103703,84],{"class":83},[65,103705,100],{"class":79},[65,103707,103],{"class":83},[65,103709,4243],{"class":87},[65,103711,84],{"class":83},[65,103713,100],{"class":79},[65,103715,103],{"class":83},[65,103717,33132],{"class":87},[65,103719,84],{"class":83},[65,103721,130],{"class":79},[65,103723,103724],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,103725,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,103727,103728,103730,103732,103734,103736,103738,103740,103742],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,103729,36206],{"class":71},[65,103731,144],{"class":79},[65,103733,102851],{"class":147},[65,103735,168],{"class":79},[65,103737,84],{"class":83},[65,103739,22640],{"class":87},[65,103741,84],{"class":83},[65,103743,174],{"class":79},[65,103745,103746],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,103747,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,103749,103750,103752,103754,103756],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,103751,165],{"class":164},[65,103753,168],{"class":79},[65,103755,36206],{"class":147},[65,103757,174],{"class":79},[20,103759,191],{},[56,103761,103763],{"className":58,"code":103762,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103764,103765],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103766,103767,103769,103771,103773,103775,103777,103779,103781,103783,103785,103787,103789,103791],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103768,218],{"class":79},[65,103770,203],{"class":83},[65,103772,4243],{"class":87},[65,103774,203],{"class":83},[65,103776,100],{"class":79},[65,103778,233],{"class":83},[65,103780,4234],{"class":87},[65,103782,203],{"class":83},[65,103784,100],{"class":79},[65,103786,233],{"class":83},[65,103788,33132],{"class":87},[65,103790,203],{"class":83},[65,103792,130],{"class":79},[20,103794,103795],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103797,103798],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[56,103800,103802],{"className":58,"code":103801,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103803,103804,103820],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103805,103806,103808,103810,103812,103814,103816,103818],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103807,1406],{"class":1405},[65,103809,103],{"class":83},[65,103811,22640],{"class":87},[65,103813,84],{"class":83},[65,103815,21289],{"class":75},[65,103817,52775],{"class":71},[65,103819,1411],{"class":79},[65,103821,103822,103825,103827,103829,103831,103833,103835,103837],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,103823,103824],{"class":71},"    fruits",[65,103826,144],{"class":79},[65,103828,34707],{"class":147},[65,103830,168],{"class":79},[65,103832,84],{"class":83},[65,103834,22640],{"class":87},[65,103836,84],{"class":83},[65,103838,174],{"class":79},[20,103840,103841,103842,103844],{},"With ",[15,103843,102784],{},", you can simply write:",[56,103846,103848],{"className":58,"code":103847,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103849,103850],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103851,103852,103854,103856,103858,103860,103862,103864,103866],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103853,36206],{"class":71},[65,103855,144],{"class":79},[65,103857,102851],{"class":147},[65,103859,168],{"class":79},[65,103861,84],{"class":83},[65,103863,22640],{"class":87},[65,103865,84],{"class":83},[65,103867,174],{"class":79},[51,103869,1553,103871],{"id":103870},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103872,102784],{},[20,103874,1309,103875,10745],{},[15,103876,102784],{},[30,103878,103879,103882,103885],{},[33,103880,103881],{},"Missing values are normal",[33,103883,103884],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[33,103886,103887],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103889,103890],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[51,103892,1766],{"id":1765},[20,103894,8598,103895,144],{},[15,103896,102784],{},[1059,103898,1792,103900,103902],{"id":103899},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103901,102784],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103904,4682],{},[56,103906,103908],{"className":58,"code":103907,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103909,103910,103930,103948,103952],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103911,103912,103914,103916,103918,103920,103922,103924,103926,103928],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103913,3768],{"class":71},[65,103915,76],{"class":75},[65,103917,80],{"class":79},[65,103919,3135],{"class":96},[65,103921,100],{"class":79},[65,103923,113],{"class":96},[65,103925,100],{"class":79},[65,103927,127],{"class":96},[65,103929,130],{"class":79},[65,103931,103932,103934,103936,103938,103940,103942,103944,103946],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,103933,3768],{"class":71},[65,103935,76],{"class":75},[65,103937,4419],{"class":71},[65,103939,144],{"class":79},[65,103941,102851],{"class":147},[65,103943,168],{"class":79},[65,103945,2204],{"class":96},[65,103947,174],{"class":79},[65,103949,103950],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,103951,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,103953,103954,103956,103958,103960],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,103955,165],{"class":164},[65,103957,168],{"class":79},[65,103959,3800],{"class":147},[65,103961,174],{"class":79},[20,103963,103964,42074,103966,8752,103968,2543,103970,144],{},[15,103965,3800],{},[15,103967,3930],{},[15,103969,102784],{},[15,103971,3930],{},[20,103973,18956],{},[56,103975,103977],{"className":58,"code":103976,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103978,103979,103999,104013,104017],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,103980,103981,103983,103985,103987,103989,103991,103993,103995,103997],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,103982,3768],{"class":71},[65,103984,76],{"class":75},[65,103986,80],{"class":79},[65,103988,3135],{"class":96},[65,103990,100],{"class":79},[65,103992,113],{"class":96},[65,103994,100],{"class":79},[65,103996,127],{"class":96},[65,103998,130],{"class":79},[65,104000,104001,104003,104005,104007,104009,104011],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,104002,3800],{"class":71},[65,104004,144],{"class":79},[65,104006,102851],{"class":147},[65,104008,168],{"class":79},[65,104010,2204],{"class":96},[65,104012,174],{"class":79},[65,104014,104015],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,104016,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,104018,104019,104021,104023,104025],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,104020,165],{"class":164},[65,104022,168],{"class":79},[65,104024,3800],{"class":147},[65,104026,174],{"class":79},[1059,104028,37120,104030,8855,104032],{"id":104029},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104031,102784],{},[15,104033,55453],{},[20,104035,104036,104037,144],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104038,102784],{},[56,104040,104042],{"className":58,"code":104041,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104043,104044,104076,104097],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104045,104046,104048,104050,104052,104054,104056,104058,104060,104062,104064,104066,104068,104070,104072,104074],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104047,36005],{"class":71},[65,104049,76],{"class":75},[65,104051,80],{"class":79},[65,104053,84],{"class":83},[65,104055,88],{"class":87},[65,104057,84],{"class":83},[65,104059,100],{"class":79},[65,104061,103],{"class":83},[65,104063,106],{"class":87},[65,104065,84],{"class":83},[65,104067,100],{"class":79},[65,104069,103],{"class":83},[65,104071,120],{"class":87},[65,104073,84],{"class":83},[65,104075,130],{"class":79},[65,104077,104078,104080,104082,104084,104086,104088,104090,104092,104094],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,104079,36058],{"class":71},[65,104081,144],{"class":79},[65,104083,102851],{"class":147},[65,104085,168],{"class":79},[65,104087,84],{"class":83},[65,104089,957],{"class":87},[65,104091,84],{"class":83},[65,104093,3813],{"class":79},[65,104095,104096],{"class":3816},"   # safe\n",[65,104098,104099,104101,104103,104105],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,104100,165],{"class":164},[65,104102,168],{"class":79},[65,104104,36058],{"class":147},[65,104106,174],{"class":79},[20,104108,104109,104110,45829,104113,144],{},"If you use ",[15,104111,104112],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104114,1369],{},[1059,104116,25724,104118,104120],{"id":104117},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104119,102784],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104122,104123,102137],{},[15,104124,102784],{},[20,104126,16764],{},[56,104128,104130],{"className":58,"code":104129,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104131,104132,104152],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104133,104134,104136,104138,104140,104142,104144,104146,104148,104150],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104135,7929],{"class":71},[65,104137,76],{"class":75},[65,104139,3773],{"class":79},[65,104141,3135],{"class":96},[65,104143,100],{"class":79},[65,104145,113],{"class":96},[65,104147,100],{"class":79},[65,104149,127],{"class":96},[65,104151,3786],{"class":79},[65,104153,104154,104156,104158,104160,104162,104164],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,104155,7960],{"class":71},[65,104157,144],{"class":79},[65,104159,102851],{"class":147},[65,104161,168],{"class":79},[65,104163,2204],{"class":96},[65,104165,174],{"class":79},[20,104167,104168,104169,93],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104170,102784],{},[56,104172,104174],{"className":58,"code":104173,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104175,104176,104196,104210],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104177,104178,104180,104182,104184,104186,104188,104190,104192,104194],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104179,7929],{"class":71},[65,104181,76],{"class":75},[65,104183,80],{"class":79},[65,104185,3135],{"class":96},[65,104187,100],{"class":79},[65,104189,113],{"class":96},[65,104191,100],{"class":79},[65,104193,127],{"class":96},[65,104195,130],{"class":79},[65,104197,104198,104200,104202,104204,104206,104208],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,104199,7960],{"class":71},[65,104201,144],{"class":79},[65,104203,102851],{"class":147},[65,104205,168],{"class":79},[65,104207,2204],{"class":96},[65,104209,174],{"class":79},[65,104211,104212,104214,104216,104218],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,104213,165],{"class":164},[65,104215,168],{"class":79},[65,104217,7960],{"class":147},[65,104219,174],{"class":79},[1059,104221,104223],{"id":104222},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104225,104226],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104228,2982],{},[56,104230,104232],{"className":58,"code":104231,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104233,104234,104254],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104235,104236,104238,104240,104242,104244,104246,104248,104250,104252],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104237,72],{"class":71},[65,104239,76],{"class":75},[65,104241,80],{"class":79},[65,104243,3135],{"class":96},[65,104245,100],{"class":79},[65,104247,113],{"class":96},[65,104249,100],{"class":79},[65,104251,127],{"class":96},[65,104253,130],{"class":79},[65,104255,104256,104258,104260,104262,104264,104266],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,104257,184],{"class":71},[65,104259,144],{"class":79},[65,104261,102851],{"class":147},[65,104263,3132],{"class":79},[65,104265,2204],{"class":96},[65,104267,4042],{"class":79},[20,104269,104270],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[51,104272,9023],{"id":9022},[20,104274,9026,104275,104277],{},[15,104276,102784],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[56,104279,104281],{"className":58,"code":104280,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104282,104283,104293,104307,104321],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104284,104285,104287,104289,104291],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104286,165],{"class":164},[65,104288,168],{"class":79},[65,104290,15788],{"class":147},[65,104292,174],{"class":79},[65,104294,104295,104297,104299,104301,104303,104305],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,104296,165],{"class":164},[65,104298,168],{"class":79},[65,104300,3370],{"class":1368},[65,104302,168],{"class":79},[65,104304,15788],{"class":147},[65,104306,1870],{"class":79},[65,104308,104309,104311,104313,104315,104317,104319],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,104310,165],{"class":164},[65,104312,168],{"class":79},[65,104314,1189],{"class":147},[65,104316,4036],{"class":1405},[65,104318,96854],{"class":147},[65,104320,174],{"class":79},[65,104322,104323,104325,104327,104329,104331,104333],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,104324,32063],{"class":164},[65,104326,168],{"class":79},[65,104328,6440],{"class":1368},[65,104330,144],{"class":79},[65,104332,102851],{"class":24857},[65,104334,174],{"class":79},[20,104336,11315],{},[30,104338,104339,104342,104345,104348],{},[33,104340,104341],{},"What is currently in the set",[33,104343,104344],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[33,104346,104347],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[33,104349,104350],{},"How Python documents the method",[51,104352,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,104354,104356],{"id":104355},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104358,104359,104360,104362],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104361,102784],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1059,104364,1953,104366,12849],{"id":104365},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104367,102789],{},[20,104369,5298,104370,104372],{},[15,104371,3930],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1059,104374,5330,104376,1048,104378,2637],{"id":104375},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104377,102784],{},[15,104379,55453],{},[20,104381,104382,104383,26644,104385,104387,104388,104390],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104384,55453],{},[15,104386,1369],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104389,102784],{}," does not.",[1059,104392,28432,104394,104396],{"id":104393},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104395,102784],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104398,46286,104399,104401],{},[15,104400,102784],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[51,104403,2015],{"id":2014},[30,104405,104406,104412,104418,104423,104427],{},[33,104407,104408],{},[88,104409,96744,104410,10885],{"href":98139},[15,104411,55453],{},[33,104413,104414],{},[88,104415,96744,104416,10885],{"href":98144},[15,104417,327],{},[33,104419,104420],{},[88,104421,104422],{"href":97813},"Python set: creating a set",[33,104424,104425],{},[88,104426,100279],{"href":98721},[33,104428,104429],{},[88,104430,11407],{"href":11219},[2071,104432,104433],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":104435},[104436,104437,104439,104442,104447,104448,104449,104450,104452,104461,104462,104471],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":102961,"depth":133,"text":104438},"What set.discard() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283,"children":104440},[104441],{"id":103034,"depth":154,"text":103035},{"id":103114,"depth":133,"text":104443,"children":104444},"What makes discard() different",[104445],{"id":103153,"depth":154,"text":104446},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103306,"depth":133,"text":103307},{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506},{"id":103677,"depth":133,"text":103678},{"id":103870,"depth":133,"text":104451},"When to use discard()",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":104453},[104454,104456,104458,104460],{"id":103899,"depth":154,"text":104455},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104029,"depth":154,"text":104457},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104117,"depth":154,"text":104459},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104222,"depth":154,"text":104223},{"id":9022,"depth":133,"text":9023},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":104463},[104464,104465,104467,104469],{"id":104355,"depth":154,"text":104356},{"id":104365,"depth":154,"text":104466},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104375,"depth":154,"text":104468},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104393,"depth":154,"text":104470},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102776,"description":104472},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104479,"title":104480,"body":104481,"description":106487,"extension":2111,"meta":106488,"navigation":157,"path":106489,"seo":106490,"stem":106491,"__hash__":106492},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104482,"toc":106445},[104483,104486,104494,104499,104510,104512,104567,104571,104591,104596,104600,104605,104607,104621,104623,104698,104700,104733,104738,104743,104745,104747,104762,104765,104773,104778,104793,104795,104884,104886,104975,104981,104985,104987,105025,105027,105051,105054,105069,105071,105126,105128,105161,105163,105168,105172,105176,105181,105246,105248,105268,105274,105278,105335,105337,105358,105362,105367,105412,105414,105447,105450,105454,105487,105489,105518,105522,105526,105529,105531,105550,105552,105598,105603,105617,105619,105650,105655,105658,105702,105704,105732,105736,105740,105756,105759,105824,105826,105838,105841,105845,105848,105853,105881,105883,105901,105907,105946,105948,105966,105972,106001,106003,106021,106024,106041,106043,106048,106052,106055,106081,106088,106093,106108,106117,106121,106124,106155,106161,106164,106173,106176,106178,106180,106238,106241,106266,106268,106272,106275,106279,106287,106291,106294,106298,106301,106303,106326,106328,106369,106376,106384,106387,106418,106420,106442],[10,104484,104480],{"id":104485},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104487,9274,104488,104490,104491,144],{},[15,104489,3949],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[46,104492,104493],{},"unique values only",[20,104495,35319,104496,104498],{},[15,104497,3949],{}," to:",[30,104500,104501,104504,104507],{},[33,104502,104503],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[33,104505,104506],{},"check whether a value exists",[33,104508,104509],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[51,104511,54],{"id":53},[56,104513,104515],{"className":58,"code":104514,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104516,104517,104541,104556],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104518,104519,104521,104523,104525,104527,104529,104531,104533,104535,104537,104539],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104520,3768],{"class":71},[65,104522,76],{"class":75},[65,104524,3773],{"class":79},[65,104526,3135],{"class":96},[65,104528,100],{"class":79},[65,104530,113],{"class":96},[65,104532,100],{"class":79},[65,104534,113],{"class":96},[65,104536,100],{"class":79},[65,104538,127],{"class":96},[65,104540,3786],{"class":79},[65,104542,104543,104546,104548,104550,104552,104554],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,104544,104545],{"class":71},"unique_numbers ",[65,104547,76],{"class":75},[65,104549,15755],{"class":1368},[65,104551,168],{"class":79},[65,104553,3800],{"class":147},[65,104555,174],{"class":79},[65,104557,104558,104560,104562,104565],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,104559,165],{"class":164},[65,104561,168],{"class":79},[65,104563,104564],{"class":147},"unique_numbers",[65,104566,174],{"class":79},[20,104568,104569],{},[46,104570,191],{},[56,104572,104573],{"className":58,"code":96537,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,104574,104575],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104576,104577,104579,104581,104583,104585,104587,104589],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104578,218],{"class":79},[65,104580,3135],{"class":96},[65,104582,100],{"class":79},[65,104584,113],{"class":96},[65,104586,100],{"class":79},[65,104588,127],{"class":96},[65,104590,130],{"class":79},[20,104592,1309,104593,104595],{},[15,104594,3949],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[51,104597,104599],{"id":104598},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104601,104602,104604],{},[15,104603,3949],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104606,30450],{},[30,104608,104609,104612,104615,104618],{},[33,104610,104611],{},"A set stores unique items only",[33,104613,104614],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[33,104616,104617],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[33,104619,104620],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104622,350],{},[56,104624,104626],{"className":58,"code":104625,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104627,104628,104668,104683,104687],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104629,104630,104632,104634,104636,104638,104640,104642,104644,104646,104648,104650,104652,104654,104656,104658,104660,104662,104664,104666],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104631,13206],{"class":71},[65,104633,76],{"class":75},[65,104635,3773],{"class":79},[65,104637,84],{"class":83},[65,104639,13223],{"class":87},[65,104641,84],{"class":83},[65,104643,100],{"class":79},[65,104645,103],{"class":83},[65,104647,13240],{"class":87},[65,104649,84],{"class":83},[65,104651,100],{"class":79},[65,104653,103],{"class":83},[65,104655,13223],{"class":87},[65,104657,84],{"class":83},[65,104659,100],{"class":79},[65,104661,103],{"class":83},[65,104663,17570],{"class":87},[65,104665,84],{"class":83},[65,104667,3786],{"class":79},[65,104669,104670,104673,104675,104677,104679,104681],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,104671,104672],{"class":71},"unique_colors ",[65,104674,76],{"class":75},[65,104676,15755],{"class":1368},[65,104678,168],{"class":79},[65,104680,17617],{"class":147},[65,104682,174],{"class":79},[65,104684,104685],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,104686,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,104688,104689,104691,104693,104696],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,104690,165],{"class":164},[65,104692,168],{"class":79},[65,104694,104695],{"class":147},"unique_colors",[65,104697,174],{"class":79},[20,104699,1725],{},[56,104701,104703],{"className":58,"code":104702,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104704,104705],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104706,104707,104709,104711,104713,104715,104717,104719,104721,104723,104725,104727,104729,104731],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104708,218],{"class":79},[65,104710,203],{"class":83},[65,104712,13240],{"class":87},[65,104714,203],{"class":83},[65,104716,100],{"class":79},[65,104718,233],{"class":83},[65,104720,17570],{"class":87},[65,104722,203],{"class":83},[65,104724,100],{"class":79},[65,104726,233],{"class":83},[65,104728,13223],{"class":87},[65,104730,203],{"class":83},[65,104732,130],{"class":79},[20,104734,2431,104735,104737],{},[15,104736,65319],{}," appears only once.",[20,104739,104740,104741,144],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[88,104742,96258],{"href":96257},[51,104744,283],{"id":282},[20,104746,2307],{},[56,104748,104750],{"className":58,"code":104749,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104751,104752],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104753,104754,104756,104758,104760],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104755,6440],{"class":1368},[65,104757,168],{"class":79},[65,104759,3872],{"class":147},[65,104761,174],{"class":79},[20,104763,104764],{},"The argument is optional.",[30,104766,104767,104770],{},[33,104768,104769],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[33,104771,104772],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104774,104775,104776,93],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104777,3949],{},[30,104779,104780,104782,104784,104786,104790],{},[33,104781,8244],{},[33,104783,48875],{},[33,104785,61100],{},[33,104787,104788],{},[15,104789,36113],{},[33,104791,104792],{},"another set",[20,104794,2273],{},[56,104796,104798],{"className":58,"code":104797,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104799,104800,104826,104848,104866],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104801,104802,104804,104806,104808,104810,104812,104814,104816,104818,104820,104822,104824],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104803,165],{"class":164},[65,104805,168],{"class":79},[65,104807,6440],{"class":1368},[65,104809,3132],{"class":79},[65,104811,3135],{"class":96},[65,104813,100],{"class":79},[65,104815,113],{"class":96},[65,104817,100],{"class":79},[65,104819,113],{"class":96},[65,104821,100],{"class":79},[65,104823,127],{"class":96},[65,104825,3146],{"class":79},[65,104827,104828,104830,104832,104834,104836,104838,104840,104842,104844,104846],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,104829,165],{"class":164},[65,104831,168],{"class":79},[65,104833,6440],{"class":1368},[65,104835,5662],{"class":79},[65,104837,2476],{"class":96},[65,104839,100],{"class":79},[65,104841,7940],{"class":96},[65,104843,100],{"class":79},[65,104845,6157],{"class":96},[65,104847,3058],{"class":79},[65,104849,104850,104852,104854,104856,104858,104860,104862,104864],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,104851,165],{"class":164},[65,104853,168],{"class":79},[65,104855,6440],{"class":1368},[65,104857,168],{"class":79},[65,104859,84],{"class":83},[65,104861,3998],{"class":87},[65,104863,84],{"class":83},[65,104865,1870],{"class":79},[65,104867,104868,104870,104872,104874,104876,104878,104880,104882],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,104869,165],{"class":164},[65,104871,168],{"class":79},[65,104873,6440],{"class":1368},[65,104875,168],{"class":79},[65,104877,59924],{"class":164},[65,104879,168],{"class":79},[65,104881,2650],{"class":96},[65,104883,3058],{"class":79},[20,104885,1725],{},[56,104887,104889],{"className":58,"code":104888,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104890,104891,104907,104919,104955],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104892,104893,104895,104897,104899,104901,104903,104905],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104894,218],{"class":79},[65,104896,3135],{"class":96},[65,104898,100],{"class":79},[65,104900,113],{"class":96},[65,104902,100],{"class":79},[65,104904,127],{"class":96},[65,104906,130],{"class":79},[65,104908,104909,104911,104913,104915,104917],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,104910,218],{"class":79},[65,104912,2476],{"class":96},[65,104914,100],{"class":79},[65,104916,7940],{"class":96},[65,104918,130],{"class":79},[65,104920,104921,104923,104925,104927,104929,104931,104933,104935,104937,104939,104941,104943,104945,104947,104949,104951,104953],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,104922,218],{"class":79},[65,104924,203],{"class":83},[65,104926,60364],{"class":87},[65,104928,203],{"class":83},[65,104930,100],{"class":79},[65,104932,233],{"class":83},[65,104934,60373],{"class":87},[65,104936,203],{"class":83},[65,104938,100],{"class":79},[65,104940,233],{"class":83},[65,104942,60382],{"class":87},[65,104944,203],{"class":83},[65,104946,100],{"class":79},[65,104948,233],{"class":83},[65,104950,60399],{"class":87},[65,104952,203],{"class":83},[65,104954,130],{"class":79},[65,104956,104957,104959,104961,104963,104965,104967,104969,104971,104973],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,104958,218],{"class":79},[65,104960,2267],{"class":96},[65,104962,100],{"class":79},[65,104964,97],{"class":96},[65,104966,100],{"class":79},[65,104968,113],{"class":96},[65,104970,100],{"class":79},[65,104972,127],{"class":96},[65,104974,130],{"class":79},[20,104976,104977,104978,144],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[88,104979,104980],{"href":64774},"Python list() function explained",[51,104982,104984],{"id":104983},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104986,98210],{},[56,104988,104989],{"className":58,"code":99175,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,104990,104991,105001,105011],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,104992,104993,104995,104997,104999],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,104994,98220],{"class":71},[65,104996,76],{"class":75},[65,104998,15755],{"class":1368},[65,105000,151],{"class":79},[65,105002,105003,105005,105007,105009],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,105004,165],{"class":164},[65,105006,168],{"class":79},[65,105008,98239],{"class":147},[65,105010,174],{"class":79},[65,105012,105013,105015,105017,105019,105021,105023],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,105014,165],{"class":164},[65,105016,168],{"class":79},[65,105018,3370],{"class":1368},[65,105020,168],{"class":79},[65,105022,98239],{"class":147},[65,105024,1870],{"class":79},[20,105026,191],{},[56,105028,105029],{"className":58,"code":99218,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,105030,105031,105037],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105032,105033,105035],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105034,6440],{"class":1368},[65,105036,151],{"class":79},[65,105038,105039,105041,105043,105045,105047,105049],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,105040,3439],{"class":75},[65,105042,3442],{"class":1696},[65,105044,233],{"class":83},[65,105046,6440],{"class":87},[65,105048,203],{"class":83},[65,105050,3451],{"class":75},[20,105052,105053],{},"This is important because:",[30,105055,105056,105061],{},[33,105057,105058,105060],{},[15,105059,3949],{}," creates an empty set",[33,105062,105063,105065,105066,105068],{},[15,105064,3944],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[46,105067,1014],{}," a set",[20,105070,350],{},[56,105072,105074],{"className":58,"code":105073,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105075,105076,105086,105094,105098,105112],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105077,105078,105080,105082,105084],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105079,2700],{"class":71},[65,105081,76],{"class":75},[65,105083,15755],{"class":1368},[65,105085,151],{"class":79},[65,105087,105088,105090,105092],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,105089,2728],{"class":71},[65,105091,76],{"class":75},[65,105093,1343],{"class":79},[65,105095,105096],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,105097,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,105099,105100,105102,105104,105106,105108,105110],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,105101,165],{"class":164},[65,105103,168],{"class":79},[65,105105,3370],{"class":1368},[65,105107,168],{"class":79},[65,105109,88],{"class":147},[65,105111,1870],{"class":79},[65,105113,105114,105116,105118,105120,105122,105124],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,105115,165],{"class":164},[65,105117,168],{"class":79},[65,105119,3370],{"class":1368},[65,105121,168],{"class":79},[65,105123,106],{"class":147},[65,105125,1870],{"class":79},[20,105127,191],{},[56,105129,105131],{"className":58,"code":105130,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105132,105133,105147],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105134,105135,105137,105139,105141,105143,105145],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105136,3439],{"class":75},[65,105138,3442],{"class":1696},[65,105140,233],{"class":83},[65,105142,6440],{"class":87},[65,105144,203],{"class":83},[65,105146,3451],{"class":75},[65,105148,105149,105151,105153,105155,105157,105159],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,105150,3439],{"class":75},[65,105152,3442],{"class":1696},[65,105154,233],{"class":83},[65,105156,8972],{"class":87},[65,105158,203],{"class":83},[65,105160,3451],{"class":75},[20,105162,14178],{},[20,105164,105165,105166,144],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[88,105167,104422],{"href":96261},[51,105169,105171],{"id":105170},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1059,105173,105175],{"id":105174},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105177,105178,105179,144],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105180,3949],{},[56,105182,105184],{"className":58,"code":105183,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105185,105186,105218,105232,105236],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105187,105188,105190,105192,105194,105196,105198,105200,105202,105204,105206,105208,105210,105212,105214,105216],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105189,3768],{"class":71},[65,105191,76],{"class":75},[65,105193,3773],{"class":79},[65,105195,3135],{"class":96},[65,105197,100],{"class":79},[65,105199,113],{"class":96},[65,105201,100],{"class":79},[65,105203,113],{"class":96},[65,105205,100],{"class":79},[65,105207,127],{"class":96},[65,105209,100],{"class":79},[65,105211,127],{"class":96},[65,105213,100],{"class":79},[65,105215,127],{"class":96},[65,105217,3786],{"class":79},[65,105219,105220,105222,105224,105226,105228,105230],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,105221,401],{"class":71},[65,105223,76],{"class":75},[65,105225,15755],{"class":1368},[65,105227,168],{"class":79},[65,105229,3800],{"class":147},[65,105231,174],{"class":79},[65,105233,105234],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,105235,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,105237,105238,105240,105242,105244],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,105239,165],{"class":164},[65,105241,168],{"class":79},[65,105243,425],{"class":147},[65,105245,174],{"class":79},[20,105247,191],{},[56,105249,105250],{"className":58,"code":96537,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,105251,105252],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105253,105254,105256,105258,105260,105262,105264,105266],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105255,218],{"class":79},[65,105257,3135],{"class":96},[65,105259,100],{"class":79},[65,105261,113],{"class":96},[65,105263,100],{"class":79},[65,105265,127],{"class":96},[65,105267,130],{"class":79},[20,105269,105270,105271,144],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[88,105272,99008],{"href":105273},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1059,105275,105277],{"id":105276},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[56,105279,105281],{"className":58,"code":105280,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105282,105283,105307,105321,105325],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105284,105285,105287,105289,105291,105293,105295,105297,105299,105301,105303,105305],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105286,3975],{"class":71},[65,105288,76],{"class":75},[65,105290,648],{"class":79},[65,105292,2284],{"class":96},[65,105294,100],{"class":79},[65,105296,4762],{"class":96},[65,105298,100],{"class":79},[65,105300,6157],{"class":96},[65,105302,100],{"class":79},[65,105304,37853],{"class":96},[65,105306,174],{"class":79},[65,105308,105309,105311,105313,105315,105317,105319],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,105310,401],{"class":71},[65,105312,76],{"class":75},[65,105314,15755],{"class":1368},[65,105316,168],{"class":79},[65,105318,5510],{"class":147},[65,105320,174],{"class":79},[65,105322,105323],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,105324,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,105326,105327,105329,105331,105333],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,105328,165],{"class":164},[65,105330,168],{"class":79},[65,105332,425],{"class":147},[65,105334,174],{"class":79},[20,105336,191],{},[56,105338,105340],{"className":58,"code":105339,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105341,105342],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105343,105344,105346,105348,105350,105352,105354,105356],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105345,218],{"class":79},[65,105347,2284],{"class":96},[65,105349,100],{"class":79},[65,105351,6157],{"class":96},[65,105353,100],{"class":79},[65,105355,37853],{"class":96},[65,105357,130],{"class":79},[1059,105359,105361],{"id":105360},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105363,51050,105364,105366],{},[15,105365,3949],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[56,105368,105370],{"className":58,"code":105369,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105371,105372,105384,105398,105402],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105373,105374,105376,105378,105380,105382],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105375,34600],{"class":71},[65,105377,76],{"class":75},[65,105379,103],{"class":83},[65,105381,4243],{"class":87},[65,105383,1650],{"class":83},[65,105385,105386,105388,105390,105392,105394,105396],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,105387,401],{"class":71},[65,105389,76],{"class":75},[65,105391,15755],{"class":1368},[65,105393,168],{"class":79},[65,105395,34621],{"class":147},[65,105397,174],{"class":79},[65,105399,105400],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,105401,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,105403,105404,105406,105408,105410],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,105405,165],{"class":164},[65,105407,168],{"class":79},[65,105409,425],{"class":147},[65,105411,174],{"class":79},[20,105413,1725],{},[56,105415,105417],{"className":58,"code":105416,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105418,105419],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105420,105421,105423,105425,105427,105429,105431,105433,105435,105437,105439,105441,105443,105445],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105422,218],{"class":79},[65,105424,203],{"class":83},[65,105426,106],{"class":87},[65,105428,203],{"class":83},[65,105430,100],{"class":79},[65,105432,233],{"class":83},[65,105434,88],{"class":87},[65,105436,203],{"class":83},[65,105438,100],{"class":79},[65,105440,233],{"class":83},[65,105442,75957],{"class":87},[65,105444,203],{"class":83},[65,105446,130],{"class":79},[20,105448,105449],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1059,105451,105453],{"id":105452},"from-range","From range()",[56,105455,105457],{"className":58,"code":105456,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105458,105459,105477],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105460,105461,105463,105465,105467,105469,105471,105473,105475],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105462,401],{"class":71},[65,105464,76],{"class":75},[65,105466,15755],{"class":1368},[65,105468,168],{"class":79},[65,105470,59924],{"class":164},[65,105472,168],{"class":79},[65,105474,2284],{"class":96},[65,105476,1870],{"class":79},[65,105478,105479,105481,105483,105485],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,105480,165],{"class":164},[65,105482,168],{"class":79},[65,105484,425],{"class":147},[65,105486,174],{"class":79},[20,105488,191],{},[56,105490,105492],{"className":58,"code":105491,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105493,105494],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105495,105496,105498,105500,105502,105504,105506,105508,105510,105512,105514,105516],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105497,218],{"class":79},[65,105499,2267],{"class":96},[65,105501,100],{"class":79},[65,105503,97],{"class":96},[65,105505,100],{"class":79},[65,105507,113],{"class":96},[65,105509,100],{"class":79},[65,105511,127],{"class":96},[65,105513,100],{"class":79},[65,105515,2602],{"class":96},[65,105517,130],{"class":79},[51,105519,105521],{"id":105520},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105523,99455,105524,144],{},[46,105525,96301],{},[20,105527,105528],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105530,99461],{},[30,105532,105533,105537,105541,105545],{},[33,105534,105535],{},[15,105536,2335],{},[33,105538,105539],{},[15,105540,3591],{},[33,105542,105543],{},[15,105544,2338],{},[33,105546,105547,105549],{},[15,105548,48875],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105551,350],{},[56,105553,105555],{"className":58,"code":105554,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105556,105557,105588],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105558,105559,105561,105563,105565,105567,105569,105571,105573,105575,105577,105579,105581,105583,105585],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105560,7929],{"class":71},[65,105562,76],{"class":75},[65,105564,80],{"class":79},[65,105566,3135],{"class":96},[65,105568,100],{"class":79},[65,105570,103],{"class":83},[65,105572,3998],{"class":87},[65,105574,84],{"class":83},[65,105576,100],{"class":79},[65,105578,648],{"class":79},[65,105580,2476],{"class":96},[65,105582,100],{"class":79},[65,105584,7940],{"class":96},[65,105586,105587],{"class":79},")}\n",[65,105589,105590,105592,105594,105596],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,105591,165],{"class":164},[65,105593,168],{"class":79},[65,105595,7960],{"class":147},[65,105597,174],{"class":79},[20,105599,99523,105600,105602],{},[46,105601,1014],{}," work inside a set:",[30,105604,105605,105609,105613],{},[33,105606,105607],{},[15,105608,8244],{},[33,105610,105611],{},[15,105612,8972],{},[33,105614,105615],{},[15,105616,6440],{},[20,105618,97026],{},[56,105620,105622],{"className":58,"code":105621,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105623,105624],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105625,105626,105628,105630,105632,105634,105636,105638,105640,105642,105644,105646,105648],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105627,99542],{"class":71},[65,105629,76],{"class":75},[65,105631,99547],{"class":79},[65,105633,3135],{"class":96},[65,105635,100],{"class":79},[65,105637,113],{"class":96},[65,105639,18177],{"class":79},[65,105641,3773],{"class":79},[65,105643,2210],{"class":96},[65,105645,100],{"class":79},[65,105647,2602],{"class":96},[65,105649,13835],{"class":79},[20,105651,76785,105652,105654],{},[15,105653,3152],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105656,105657],{},"A safer example:",[56,105659,105661],{"className":58,"code":105660,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105662,105663,105691],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105664,105665,105668,105670,105673,105675,105677,105679,105681,105683,105685,105687,105689],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105666,105667],{"class":71},"good_set ",[65,105669,76],{"class":75},[65,105671,105672],{"class":79}," {(",[65,105674,3135],{"class":96},[65,105676,100],{"class":79},[65,105678,113],{"class":96},[65,105680,9383],{"class":79},[65,105682,648],{"class":79},[65,105684,2210],{"class":96},[65,105686,100],{"class":79},[65,105688,2602],{"class":96},[65,105690,105587],{"class":79},[65,105692,105693,105695,105697,105700],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,105694,165],{"class":164},[65,105696,168],{"class":79},[65,105698,105699],{"class":147},"good_set",[65,105701,174],{"class":79},[20,105703,191],{},[56,105705,105707],{"className":58,"code":105706,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105708,105709],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105710,105711,105714,105716,105718,105720,105722,105724,105726,105728,105730],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105712,105713],{"class":79},"{(",[65,105715,3135],{"class":96},[65,105717,100],{"class":79},[65,105719,113],{"class":96},[65,105721,9383],{"class":79},[65,105723,648],{"class":79},[65,105725,2210],{"class":96},[65,105727,100],{"class":79},[65,105729,2602],{"class":96},[65,105731,105587],{"class":79},[51,105733,105735],{"id":105734},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105737,1309,105738,10745],{},[15,105739,3949],{},[30,105741,105742,105745,105750,105753],{},[33,105743,105744],{},"you need unique values only",[33,105746,105747,105748],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105749,4036],{},[33,105751,105752],{},"order does not matter",[33,105754,105755],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105757,105758],{},"Example of membership checking:",[56,105760,105762],{"className":58,"code":105761,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105763,105764,105789,105793,105809],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105765,105766,105769,105771,105773,105775,105777,105779,105782,105784,105787],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105767,105768],{"class":71},"allowed_ids ",[65,105770,76],{"class":75},[65,105772,15755],{"class":1368},[65,105774,3132],{"class":79},[65,105776,46513],{"class":96},[65,105778,100],{"class":79},[65,105780,105781],{"class":96}," 102",[65,105783,100],{"class":79},[65,105785,105786],{"class":96}," 103",[65,105788,4042],{"class":79},[65,105790,105791],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,105792,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,105794,105795,105797,105799,105802,105804,105807],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,105796,165],{"class":164},[65,105798,168],{"class":79},[65,105800,105801],{"class":96},"102",[65,105803,21289],{"class":1405},[65,105805,105806],{"class":147}," allowed_ids",[65,105808,174],{"class":79},[65,105810,105811,105813,105815,105818,105820,105822],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,105812,165],{"class":164},[65,105814,168],{"class":79},[65,105816,105817],{"class":96},"999",[65,105819,21289],{"class":1405},[65,105821,105806],{"class":147},[65,105823,174],{"class":79},[20,105825,191],{},[56,105827,105828],{"className":58,"code":44094,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,105829,105830,105834],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105831,105832],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105833,4134],{"class":4005},[65,105835,105836],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,105837,4195],{"class":4005},[20,105839,105840],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[51,105842,105844],{"id":105843},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105846,105847],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1059,105849,1309,105851,98152],{"id":105850},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105852,3949],{},[56,105854,105855],{"className":58,"code":98213,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,105856,105857,105867],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105858,105859,105861,105863,105865],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105860,98220],{"class":71},[65,105862,76],{"class":75},[65,105864,15755],{"class":1368},[65,105866,151],{"class":79},[65,105868,105869,105871,105873,105875,105877,105879],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,105870,165],{"class":164},[65,105872,168],{"class":79},[65,105874,3370],{"class":1368},[65,105876,168],{"class":79},[65,105878,98239],{"class":147},[65,105880,1870],{"class":79},[20,105882,191],{},[56,105884,105885],{"className":58,"code":9003,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,105886,105887],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105888,105889,105891,105893,105895,105897,105899],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105890,3439],{"class":75},[65,105892,3442],{"class":1696},[65,105894,233],{"class":83},[65,105896,6440],{"class":87},[65,105898,203],{"class":83},[65,105900,3451],{"class":75},[1059,105902,1309,105904,105906],{"id":105903},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105905,100212],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[56,105908,105910],{"className":58,"code":105909,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105911,105912,105932],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105913,105914,105916,105918,105920,105922,105924,105926,105928,105930],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105915,3768],{"class":71},[65,105917,76],{"class":75},[65,105919,80],{"class":79},[65,105921,3135],{"class":96},[65,105923,100],{"class":79},[65,105925,113],{"class":96},[65,105927,100],{"class":79},[65,105929,127],{"class":96},[65,105931,130],{"class":79},[65,105933,105934,105936,105938,105940,105942,105944],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,105935,165],{"class":164},[65,105937,168],{"class":79},[65,105939,3370],{"class":1368},[65,105941,168],{"class":79},[65,105943,3800],{"class":147},[65,105945,1870],{"class":79},[20,105947,191],{},[56,105949,105950],{"className":58,"code":9003,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,105951,105952],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105953,105954,105956,105958,105960,105962,105964],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105955,3439],{"class":75},[65,105957,3442],{"class":1696},[65,105959,233],{"class":83},[65,105961,6440],{"class":87},[65,105963,203],{"class":83},[65,105965,3451],{"class":75},[1059,105967,1309,105969,105971],{"id":105968},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105970,3944],{}," for an empty dictionary",[56,105973,105975],{"className":58,"code":105974,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105976,105977,105986],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,105978,105979,105982,105984],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,105980,105981],{"class":71},"empty_dict ",[65,105983,76],{"class":75},[65,105985,1343],{"class":79},[65,105987,105988,105990,105992,105994,105996,105999],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,105989,165],{"class":164},[65,105991,168],{"class":79},[65,105993,3370],{"class":1368},[65,105995,168],{"class":79},[65,105997,105998],{"class":147},"empty_dict",[65,106000,1870],{"class":79},[20,106002,191],{},[56,106004,106005],{"className":58,"code":8959,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,106006,106007],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106008,106009,106011,106013,106015,106017,106019],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106010,3439],{"class":75},[65,106012,3442],{"class":1696},[65,106014,233],{"class":83},[65,106016,8972],{"class":87},[65,106018,203],{"class":83},[65,106020,3451],{"class":75},[20,106022,106023],{},"So the rule is simple:",[30,106025,106026,106031,106036],{},[33,106027,106028,106030],{},[15,106029,3949],{}," → empty set",[33,106032,106033,106035],{},[15,106034,100212],{}," → non-empty set",[33,106037,106038,106040],{},[15,106039,3944],{}," → empty dictionary",[51,106042,1766],{"id":1765},[20,106044,106045,106046,144],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106047,3949],{},[1059,106049,8569,106050,99810],{"id":99807},[15,106051,3944],{},[20,106053,106054],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[56,106056,106057],{"className":58,"code":99816,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,106058,106059,106067],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106060,106061,106063,106065],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106062,1189],{"class":71},[65,106064,76],{"class":75},[65,106066,1343],{"class":79},[65,106068,106069,106071,106073,106075,106077,106079],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,106070,165],{"class":164},[65,106072,168],{"class":79},[65,106074,3370],{"class":1368},[65,106076,168],{"class":79},[65,106078,1714],{"class":147},[65,106080,1870],{"class":79},[1059,106082,106084,106085],{"id":106083},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106086,106087],{},"set(5)",[20,106089,106090,106092],{},[15,106091,3949],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[56,106094,106096],{"className":58,"code":106095,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set(5)\n",[15,106097,106098],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106099,106100,106102,106104,106106],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106101,6440],{"class":1368},[65,106103,168],{"class":79},[65,106105,2284],{"class":96},[65,106107,174],{"class":79},[20,106109,3149,106110,106112,106113,144],{},[15,106111,3152],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[88,106114,106116],{"href":106115},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1059,106118,106120],{"id":106119},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106122,106123],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[56,106125,106127],{"className":58,"code":106126,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106128,106129],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106130,106131,106133,106135,106137,106139,106141,106143,106145,106147,106149,106151,106153],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106132,1189],{"class":71},[65,106134,76],{"class":75},[65,106136,99547],{"class":79},[65,106138,3135],{"class":96},[65,106140,100],{"class":79},[65,106142,113],{"class":96},[65,106144,18177],{"class":79},[65,106146,3773],{"class":79},[65,106148,2210],{"class":96},[65,106150,100],{"class":79},[65,106152,2602],{"class":96},[65,106154,13835],{"class":79},[1059,106156,1792,106158,106160],{"id":106157},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106159,3949],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106162,106163],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1059,106165,37120,106167,8855,106169,3024,106171],{"id":106166},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106168,3949],{},[15,106170,24888],{},[15,106172,9271],{},[20,106174,106175],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[51,106177,60636],{"id":60635},[20,106179,11258],{},[56,106181,106183],{"className":58,"code":106182,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106184,106185,106200,106210,106224],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106186,106187,106189,106191,106193,106195,106198],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106188,165],{"class":164},[65,106190,168],{"class":79},[65,106192,3370],{"class":1368},[65,106194,168],{"class":79},[65,106196,106197],{"class":147},"my_value",[65,106199,1870],{"class":79},[65,106201,106202,106204,106206,106208],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,106203,165],{"class":164},[65,106205,168],{"class":79},[65,106207,106197],{"class":147},[65,106209,174],{"class":79},[65,106211,106212,106214,106216,106218,106220,106222],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,106213,165],{"class":164},[65,106215,168],{"class":79},[65,106217,8244],{"class":1368},[65,106219,168],{"class":79},[65,106221,15788],{"class":147},[65,106223,1870],{"class":79},[65,106225,106226,106228,106230,106232,106234,106236],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,106227,165],{"class":164},[65,106229,168],{"class":79},[65,106231,1863],{"class":164},[65,106233,168],{"class":79},[65,106235,15788],{"class":147},[65,106237,1870],{"class":79},[20,106239,106240],{},"What they help you see:",[30,106242,106243,106249,106254,106260],{},[33,106244,106245,106248],{},[15,106246,106247],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[33,106250,106251,90476],{},[15,106252,106253],{},"print(my_value)",[33,106255,106256,106259],{},[15,106257,106258],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[33,106261,106262,106265],{},[15,106263,106264],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[51,106267,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,106269,106271],{"id":106270},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106273,106274],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1059,106276,106278],{"id":106277},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106280,1309,106281,106283,106284,106286],{},[15,106282,3949],{},". Do not use ",[15,106285,3944],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1059,106288,106290],{"id":106289},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106292,106293],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1059,106295,106297],{"id":106296},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106299,106300],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106302,350],{},[56,106304,106306],{"className":58,"code":106305,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106307,106308],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106309,106310,106312,106314,106316,106318,106320,106322,106324],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106311,165],{"class":164},[65,106313,168],{"class":79},[65,106315,6440],{"class":1368},[65,106317,168],{"class":79},[65,106319,84],{"class":83},[65,106321,4234],{"class":87},[65,106323,84],{"class":83},[65,106325,1870],{"class":79},[20,106327,1725],{},[56,106329,106331],{"className":58,"code":106330,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106332,106333],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106334,106335,106337,106339,106341,106343,106345,106347,106349,106351,106353,106355,106357,106359,106361,106363,106365,106367],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106336,218],{"class":79},[65,106338,203],{"class":83},[65,106340,88],{"class":87},[65,106342,203],{"class":83},[65,106344,100],{"class":79},[65,106346,233],{"class":83},[65,106348,20],{"class":87},[65,106350,203],{"class":83},[65,106352,100],{"class":79},[65,106354,233],{"class":83},[65,106356,60382],{"class":87},[65,106358,203],{"class":83},[65,106360,100],{"class":79},[65,106362,233],{"class":83},[65,106364,60373],{"class":87},[65,106366,203],{"class":83},[65,106368,130],{"class":79},[1059,106370,5308,106372,106375],{"id":106371},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106373,106374],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106377,106378,309,106380,106383],{},[15,106379,3949],{},[46,106381,106382],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106385,106386],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[56,106388,106390],{"className":58,"code":106389,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106391,106392],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106393,106394,106396,106398,106400,106402,106404,106406,106408,106410,106412,106414,106416],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106395,165],{"class":164},[65,106397,168],{"class":79},[65,106399,6440],{"class":1368},[65,106401,3132],{"class":79},[65,106403,3135],{"class":96},[65,106405,100],{"class":79},[65,106407,113],{"class":96},[65,106409,100],{"class":79},[65,106411,127],{"class":96},[65,106413,100],{"class":79},[65,106415,2602],{"class":96},[65,106417,3146],{"class":79},[51,106419,2015],{"id":2014},[30,106421,106422,106426,106430,106434,106438],{},[33,106423,106424],{},[88,106425,96258],{"href":96257},[33,106427,106428],{},[88,106429,104422],{"href":96261},[33,106431,106432],{},[88,106433,100274],{"href":105273},[33,106435,106436],{},[88,106437,104980],{"href":64774},[33,106439,106440],{},[88,106441,106116],{"href":106115},[2071,106443,106444],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":106446},[106447,106448,106449,106450,106451,106457,106458,106459,106467,106477,106478,106486],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":104598,"depth":133,"text":104599},{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":104983,"depth":133,"text":104984},{"id":105170,"depth":133,"text":105171,"children":106452},[106453,106454,106455,106456],{"id":105174,"depth":154,"text":105175},{"id":105276,"depth":154,"text":105277},{"id":105360,"depth":154,"text":105361},{"id":105452,"depth":154,"text":105453},{"id":105520,"depth":133,"text":105521},{"id":105734,"depth":133,"text":105735},{"id":105843,"depth":133,"text":105844,"children":106460},[106461,106463,106465],{"id":105850,"depth":154,"text":106462},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105903,"depth":154,"text":106464},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105968,"depth":154,"text":106466},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":106468},[106469,106470,106472,106473,106475],{"id":99807,"depth":154,"text":100315},{"id":106083,"depth":154,"text":106471},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106119,"depth":154,"text":106120},{"id":106157,"depth":154,"text":106474},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106166,"depth":154,"text":106476},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60635,"depth":133,"text":60636},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":106479},[106480,106481,106482,106483,106484],{"id":106270,"depth":154,"text":106271},{"id":106277,"depth":154,"text":106278},{"id":106289,"depth":154,"text":106290},{"id":106296,"depth":154,"text":106297},{"id":106371,"depth":154,"text":106485},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104480,"description":106487},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106494,"title":106495,"body":106496,"description":108011,"extension":2111,"meta":108012,"navigation":157,"path":108013,"seo":108014,"stem":108015,"__hash__":108016},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106497,"toc":107987},[106498,106504,106509,106512,106595,106600,106605,106610,106612,106625,106629,106631,106650,106653,106676,106679,106690,106692,106773,106775,106792,106794,106800,106803,106898,106900,106931,106933,106941,106943,106946,107057,107059,107084,107086,107108,107113,107118,107124,107233,107235,107251,107254,107257,107340,107342,107359,107367,107369,107373,107379,107470,107472,107505,107510,107517,107594,107596,107613,107619,107621,107625,107641,107644,107670,107672,107733,107735,107858,107860,107911,107917,107919,107924,107926,107932,107935,107939,107942,107946,107949,107959,107961,107984],[10,106499,3724,106501,18],{"id":106500},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106502,106503],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106505,22,106506,106508],{},[15,106507,106503],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106510,106511],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[56,106513,106515],{"className":58,"code":106514,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106516,106517,106537,106557,106561,106580,106590],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106518,106519,106521,106523,106525,106527,106529,106531,106533,106535],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106520,2700],{"class":71},[65,106522,76],{"class":75},[65,106524,80],{"class":79},[65,106526,3135],{"class":96},[65,106528,100],{"class":79},[65,106530,113],{"class":96},[65,106532,100],{"class":79},[65,106534,127],{"class":96},[65,106536,130],{"class":79},[65,106538,106539,106541,106543,106545,106547,106549,106551,106553,106555],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,106540,2728],{"class":71},[65,106542,76],{"class":75},[65,106544,80],{"class":79},[65,106546,2204],{"class":96},[65,106548,100],{"class":79},[65,106550,127],{"class":96},[65,106552,100],{"class":79},[65,106554,2602],{"class":96},[65,106556,130],{"class":79},[65,106558,106559],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,106560,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,106562,106563,106565,106567,106569,106571,106574,106576,106578],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,106564,401],{"class":71},[65,106566,76],{"class":75},[65,106568,56812],{"class":71},[65,106570,144],{"class":79},[65,106572,106573],{"class":147},"intersection",[65,106575,168],{"class":79},[65,106577,106],{"class":147},[65,106579,174],{"class":79},[65,106581,106582,106584,106586,106588],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,106583,165],{"class":164},[65,106585,168],{"class":79},[65,106587,425],{"class":147},[65,106589,174],{"class":79},[65,106591,106592],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,106593,106594],{"class":3816},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106596,1309,106597,106599],{},[15,106598,102721],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[51,106601,13126,106603,13129],{"id":106602},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106604,102721],{},[20,106606,106607,106609],{},[15,106608,102721],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106611,13182],{},[30,106613,106614,106617,106619,106622],{},[33,106615,106616],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[33,106618,100491],{},[33,106620,106621],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[33,106623,106624],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106626,96254,106627,144],{},[88,106628,96258],{"href":96257},[51,106630,283],{"id":282},[56,106632,106634],{"className":58,"code":106633,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106635,106636],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106637,106638,106640,106642,106644,106646,106648],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106639,100515],{"class":71},[65,106641,144],{"class":79},[65,106643,106573],{"class":147},[65,106645,168],{"class":79},[65,106647,100524],{"class":147},[65,106649,174],{"class":79},[20,106651,106652],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[56,106654,106656],{"className":58,"code":106655,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106657,106658],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106659,106660,106662,106664,106666,106668,106670,106672,106674],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106661,100515],{"class":71},[65,106663,144],{"class":79},[65,106665,106573],{"class":147},[65,106667,168],{"class":79},[65,106669,100524],{"class":147},[65,106671,100],{"class":79},[65,106673,100551],{"class":147},[65,106675,174],{"class":79},[20,106677,106678],{},"Important notes:",[30,106680,106681,106684,106687],{},[33,106682,106683],{},"The result is always a new set",[33,106685,106686],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[33,106688,106689],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106691,350],{},[56,106693,106695],{"className":58,"code":106694,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106696,106697,106721,106741,106745,106763],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106698,106699,106701,106703,106705,106707,106709,106711,106713,106715,106717,106719],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106700,2700],{"class":71},[65,106702,76],{"class":75},[65,106704,80],{"class":79},[65,106706,3135],{"class":96},[65,106708,100],{"class":79},[65,106710,113],{"class":96},[65,106712,100],{"class":79},[65,106714,127],{"class":96},[65,106716,100],{"class":79},[65,106718,2602],{"class":96},[65,106720,130],{"class":79},[65,106722,106723,106725,106727,106729,106731,106733,106735,106737,106739],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,106724,2728],{"class":71},[65,106726,76],{"class":75},[65,106728,80],{"class":79},[65,106730,2210],{"class":96},[65,106732,100],{"class":79},[65,106734,2602],{"class":96},[65,106736,100],{"class":79},[65,106738,4762],{"class":96},[65,106740,130],{"class":79},[65,106742,106743],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,106744,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,106746,106747,106749,106751,106753,106755,106757,106759,106761],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,106748,401],{"class":71},[65,106750,76],{"class":75},[65,106752,56812],{"class":71},[65,106754,144],{"class":79},[65,106756,106573],{"class":147},[65,106758,168],{"class":79},[65,106760,106],{"class":147},[65,106762,174],{"class":79},[65,106764,106765,106767,106769,106771],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,106766,165],{"class":164},[65,106768,168],{"class":79},[65,106770,425],{"class":147},[65,106772,174],{"class":79},[20,106774,191],{},[56,106776,106778],{"className":58,"code":106777,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106779,106780],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106781,106782,106784,106786,106788,106790],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106783,218],{"class":79},[65,106785,2210],{"class":96},[65,106787,100],{"class":79},[65,106789,2602],{"class":96},[65,106791,130],{"class":79},[51,106793,17533],{"id":17532},[20,106795,106796,1832,106798,144],{},[15,106797,102721],{},[46,106799,6440],{},[20,106801,106802],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[56,106804,106806],{"className":58,"code":106805,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106807,106808,106828,106848,106852,106870,106874,106884],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106809,106810,106812,106814,106816,106818,106820,106822,106824,106826],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106811,2700],{"class":71},[65,106813,76],{"class":75},[65,106815,80],{"class":79},[65,106817,3135],{"class":96},[65,106819,100],{"class":79},[65,106821,113],{"class":96},[65,106823,100],{"class":79},[65,106825,127],{"class":96},[65,106827,130],{"class":79},[65,106829,106830,106832,106834,106836,106838,106840,106842,106844,106846],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,106831,2728],{"class":71},[65,106833,76],{"class":75},[65,106835,80],{"class":79},[65,106837,2204],{"class":96},[65,106839,100],{"class":79},[65,106841,127],{"class":96},[65,106843,100],{"class":79},[65,106845,2602],{"class":96},[65,106847,130],{"class":79},[65,106849,106850],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,106851,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,106853,106854,106856,106858,106860,106862,106864,106866,106868],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,106855,401],{"class":71},[65,106857,76],{"class":75},[65,106859,56812],{"class":71},[65,106861,144],{"class":79},[65,106863,106573],{"class":147},[65,106865,168],{"class":79},[65,106867,106],{"class":147},[65,106869,174],{"class":79},[65,106871,106872],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,106873,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,106875,106876,106878,106880,106882],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,106877,165],{"class":164},[65,106879,168],{"class":79},[65,106881,425],{"class":147},[65,106883,174],{"class":79},[65,106885,106886,106888,106890,106892,106894,106896],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,106887,165],{"class":164},[65,106889,168],{"class":79},[65,106891,3370],{"class":1368},[65,106893,168],{"class":79},[65,106895,425],{"class":147},[65,106897,1870],{"class":79},[20,106899,191],{},[56,106901,106903],{"className":58,"code":106902,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106904,106905,106917],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106906,106907,106909,106911,106913,106915],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106908,218],{"class":79},[65,106910,2204],{"class":96},[65,106912,100],{"class":79},[65,106914,127],{"class":96},[65,106916,130],{"class":79},[65,106918,106919,106921,106923,106925,106927,106929],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,106920,3439],{"class":75},[65,106922,3442],{"class":1696},[65,106924,233],{"class":83},[65,106926,6440],{"class":87},[65,106928,203],{"class":83},[65,106930,3451],{"class":75},[20,106932,85739],{},[30,106934,106935,106938],{},[33,106936,106937],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[33,106939,106940],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[51,106942,506],{"id":505},[20,106944,106945],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[56,106947,106949],{"className":58,"code":106948,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106950,106951,106984,107017,107021,107042,107046],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,106952,106953,106956,106958,106960,106962,106964,106966,106968,106970,106972,106974,106976,106978,106980,106982],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,106954,106955],{"class":71},"colors1 ",[65,106957,76],{"class":75},[65,106959,80],{"class":79},[65,106961,84],{"class":83},[65,106963,13223],{"class":87},[65,106965,84],{"class":83},[65,106967,100],{"class":79},[65,106969,103],{"class":83},[65,106971,13240],{"class":87},[65,106973,84],{"class":83},[65,106975,100],{"class":79},[65,106977,103],{"class":83},[65,106979,17570],{"class":87},[65,106981,84],{"class":83},[65,106983,130],{"class":79},[65,106985,106986,106989,106991,106993,106995,106997,106999,107001,107003,107005,107007,107009,107011,107013,107015],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,106987,106988],{"class":71},"colors2 ",[65,106990,76],{"class":75},[65,106992,80],{"class":79},[65,106994,84],{"class":83},[65,106996,17570],{"class":87},[65,106998,84],{"class":83},[65,107000,100],{"class":79},[65,107002,103],{"class":83},[65,107004,22631],{"class":87},[65,107006,84],{"class":83},[65,107008,100],{"class":79},[65,107010,103],{"class":83},[65,107012,13240],{"class":87},[65,107014,84],{"class":83},[65,107016,130],{"class":79},[65,107018,107019],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,107020,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,107022,107023,107026,107028,107031,107033,107035,107037,107040],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,107024,107025],{"class":71},"common_colors ",[65,107027,76],{"class":75},[65,107029,107030],{"class":71}," colors1",[65,107032,144],{"class":79},[65,107034,106573],{"class":147},[65,107036,168],{"class":79},[65,107038,107039],{"class":147},"colors2",[65,107041,174],{"class":79},[65,107043,107044],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,107045,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,107047,107048,107050,107052,107055],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,107049,165],{"class":164},[65,107051,168],{"class":79},[65,107053,107054],{"class":147},"common_colors",[65,107056,174],{"class":79},[20,107058,191],{},[56,107060,107062],{"className":58,"code":107061,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107063,107064],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107065,107066,107068,107070,107072,107074,107076,107078,107080,107082],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107067,218],{"class":79},[65,107069,203],{"class":83},[65,107071,13240],{"class":87},[65,107073,203],{"class":83},[65,107075,100],{"class":79},[65,107077,233],{"class":83},[65,107079,17570],{"class":87},[65,107081,203],{"class":83},[65,107083,130],{"class":79},[20,107085,11820],{},[30,107087,107088,107094,107098,107103],{},[33,107089,107090,107093],{},[15,107091,107092],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[33,107095,107096,107093],{},[15,107097,107039],{},[33,107099,107100,107102],{},[15,107101,102721],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[33,107104,107105,107106],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107107,107054],{},[51,107109,8569,107111,101088],{"id":107110},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107112,102721],{},[20,107114,107115,107116,144],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107117,102721],{},[20,107119,107120,107121,107123],{},"Only the values found in ",[46,107122,3867],{}," inputs will be kept.",[56,107125,107127],{"className":58,"code":107126,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107128,107129,107153,107177,107197,107201,107223],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107130,107131,107133,107135,107137,107139,107141,107143,107145,107147,107149,107151],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107132,2700],{"class":71},[65,107134,76],{"class":75},[65,107136,80],{"class":79},[65,107138,3135],{"class":96},[65,107140,100],{"class":79},[65,107142,113],{"class":96},[65,107144,100],{"class":79},[65,107146,127],{"class":96},[65,107148,100],{"class":79},[65,107150,2602],{"class":96},[65,107152,130],{"class":79},[65,107154,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167,107169,107171,107173,107175],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,107156,2728],{"class":71},[65,107158,76],{"class":75},[65,107160,80],{"class":79},[65,107162,2204],{"class":96},[65,107164,100],{"class":79},[65,107166,127],{"class":96},[65,107168,100],{"class":79},[65,107170,2602],{"class":96},[65,107172,100],{"class":79},[65,107174,4762],{"class":96},[65,107176,130],{"class":79},[65,107178,107179,107181,107183,107185,107187,107189,107191,107193,107195],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,107180,83113],{"class":71},[65,107182,76],{"class":75},[65,107184,80],{"class":79},[65,107186,2210],{"class":96},[65,107188,100],{"class":79},[65,107190,2602],{"class":96},[65,107192,100],{"class":79},[65,107194,37560],{"class":96},[65,107196,130],{"class":79},[65,107198,107199],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,107200,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,107202,107203,107205,107207,107209,107211,107213,107215,107217,107219,107221],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,107204,401],{"class":71},[65,107206,76],{"class":75},[65,107208,56812],{"class":71},[65,107210,144],{"class":79},[65,107212,106573],{"class":147},[65,107214,168],{"class":79},[65,107216,106],{"class":147},[65,107218,100],{"class":79},[65,107220,9827],{"class":147},[65,107222,174],{"class":79},[65,107224,107225,107227,107229,107231],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,107226,165],{"class":164},[65,107228,168],{"class":79},[65,107230,425],{"class":147},[65,107232,174],{"class":79},[20,107234,191],{},[56,107236,107237],{"className":58,"code":106777,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,107238,107239],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107240,107241,107243,107245,107247,107249],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107242,218],{"class":79},[65,107244,2210],{"class":96},[65,107246,100],{"class":79},[65,107248,2602],{"class":96},[65,107250,130],{"class":79},[20,107252,107253],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107255,107256],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[56,107258,107260],{"className":58,"code":107259,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107261,107262,107286,107290,107330],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107263,107264,107266,107268,107270,107272,107274,107276,107278,107280,107282,107284],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107265,2700],{"class":71},[65,107267,76],{"class":75},[65,107269,80],{"class":79},[65,107271,3135],{"class":96},[65,107273,100],{"class":79},[65,107275,113],{"class":96},[65,107277,100],{"class":79},[65,107279,127],{"class":96},[65,107281,100],{"class":79},[65,107283,2602],{"class":96},[65,107285,130],{"class":79},[65,107287,107288],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,107289,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,107291,107292,107294,107296,107298,107300,107302,107304,107306,107308,107310,107312,107314,107316,107318,107320,107322,107324,107326,107328],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,107293,401],{"class":71},[65,107295,76],{"class":75},[65,107297,56812],{"class":71},[65,107299,144],{"class":79},[65,107301,106573],{"class":147},[65,107303,3132],{"class":79},[65,107305,2204],{"class":96},[65,107307,100],{"class":79},[65,107309,2602],{"class":96},[65,107311,100],{"class":79},[65,107313,37560],{"class":96},[65,107315,18177],{"class":79},[65,107317,648],{"class":79},[65,107319,3135],{"class":96},[65,107321,100],{"class":79},[65,107323,113],{"class":96},[65,107325,100],{"class":79},[65,107327,2602],{"class":96},[65,107329,1870],{"class":79},[65,107331,107332,107334,107336,107338],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,107333,165],{"class":164},[65,107335,168],{"class":79},[65,107337,425],{"class":147},[65,107339,174],{"class":79},[20,107341,191],{},[56,107343,107345],{"className":58,"code":107344,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107346,107347],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107348,107349,107351,107353,107355,107357],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107350,218],{"class":79},[65,107352,2204],{"class":96},[65,107354,100],{"class":79},[65,107356,2602],{"class":96},[65,107358,130],{"class":79},[51,107360,107362,10729,107364],{"id":107361},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107363,102721],{},[15,107365,107366],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107368,101258],{},[1059,107370,107371],{"id":106573},[15,107372,102721],{},[30,107374,107375,107377],{},[33,107376,101267],{},[33,107378,101270],{},[56,107380,107382],{"className":58,"code":107381,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107383,107384,107404,107424,107428,107446,107450,107460],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107385,107386,107388,107390,107392,107394,107396,107398,107400,107402],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107387,2700],{"class":71},[65,107389,76],{"class":75},[65,107391,80],{"class":79},[65,107393,3135],{"class":96},[65,107395,100],{"class":79},[65,107397,113],{"class":96},[65,107399,100],{"class":79},[65,107401,127],{"class":96},[65,107403,130],{"class":79},[65,107405,107406,107408,107410,107412,107414,107416,107418,107420,107422],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,107407,2728],{"class":71},[65,107409,76],{"class":75},[65,107411,80],{"class":79},[65,107413,2204],{"class":96},[65,107415,100],{"class":79},[65,107417,127],{"class":96},[65,107419,100],{"class":79},[65,107421,2602],{"class":96},[65,107423,130],{"class":79},[65,107425,107426],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,107427,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,107429,107430,107432,107434,107436,107438,107440,107442,107444],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,107431,401],{"class":71},[65,107433,76],{"class":75},[65,107435,56812],{"class":71},[65,107437,144],{"class":79},[65,107439,106573],{"class":147},[65,107441,168],{"class":79},[65,107443,106],{"class":147},[65,107445,174],{"class":79},[65,107447,107448],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,107449,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,107451,107452,107454,107456,107458],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,107453,165],{"class":164},[65,107455,168],{"class":79},[65,107457,88],{"class":147},[65,107459,174],{"class":79},[65,107461,107462,107464,107466,107468],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,107463,165],{"class":164},[65,107465,168],{"class":79},[65,107467,425],{"class":147},[65,107469,174],{"class":79},[20,107471,191],{},[56,107473,107475],{"className":58,"code":107474,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107476,107477,107493],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107478,107479,107481,107483,107485,107487,107489,107491],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107480,218],{"class":79},[65,107482,3135],{"class":96},[65,107484,100],{"class":79},[65,107486,113],{"class":96},[65,107488,100],{"class":79},[65,107490,127],{"class":96},[65,107492,130],{"class":79},[65,107494,107495,107497,107499,107501,107503],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,107496,218],{"class":79},[65,107498,2204],{"class":96},[65,107500,100],{"class":79},[65,107502,127],{"class":96},[65,107504,130],{"class":79},[1059,107506,107508],{"id":107507},"intersection_update",[15,107509,107366],{},[30,107511,107512,107514],{},[33,107513,101410],{},[33,107515,107516],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[56,107518,107520],{"className":58,"code":107519,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107521,107522,107542,107562,107566,107580,107584],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107523,107524,107526,107528,107530,107532,107534,107536,107538,107540],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107525,2700],{"class":71},[65,107527,76],{"class":75},[65,107529,80],{"class":79},[65,107531,3135],{"class":96},[65,107533,100],{"class":79},[65,107535,113],{"class":96},[65,107537,100],{"class":79},[65,107539,127],{"class":96},[65,107541,130],{"class":79},[65,107543,107544,107546,107548,107550,107552,107554,107556,107558,107560],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,107545,2728],{"class":71},[65,107547,76],{"class":75},[65,107549,80],{"class":79},[65,107551,2204],{"class":96},[65,107553,100],{"class":79},[65,107555,127],{"class":96},[65,107557,100],{"class":79},[65,107559,2602],{"class":96},[65,107561,130],{"class":79},[65,107563,107564],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,107565,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,107567,107568,107570,107572,107574,107576,107578],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,107569,88],{"class":71},[65,107571,144],{"class":79},[65,107573,107507],{"class":147},[65,107575,168],{"class":79},[65,107577,106],{"class":147},[65,107579,174],{"class":79},[65,107581,107582],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,107583,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,107585,107586,107588,107590,107592],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,107587,165],{"class":164},[65,107589,168],{"class":79},[65,107591,88],{"class":147},[65,107593,174],{"class":79},[20,107595,191],{},[56,107597,107599],{"className":58,"code":107598,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107600,107601],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107602,107603,107605,107607,107609,107611],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107604,218],{"class":79},[65,107606,2204],{"class":96},[65,107608,100],{"class":79},[65,107610,127],{"class":96},[65,107612,130],{"class":79},[20,107614,107615,107616,107618],{},"Choose ",[15,107617,102721],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[51,107620,4675],{"id":4674},[20,107622,1769,107623,93],{},[15,107624,102721],{},[30,107626,107627,107630,107633,107636],{},[33,107628,107629],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[33,107631,107632],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[33,107634,107635],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[33,107637,107638,107639],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107640,102721],{},[20,107642,107643],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[30,107645,107646,107651,107654,107667],{},[33,107647,8569,107648,107650],{},[15,107649,102721],{}," when order matters",[33,107652,107653],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[33,107655,37120,107656,8855,107658,3024,107663],{},[15,107657,102721],{},[88,107659,107661],{"href":107660},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107662,102729],{},[88,107664,107665],{"href":102770},[15,107666,100344],{},[33,107668,107669],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107671,1838],{},[56,107673,107675],{"className":58,"code":107674,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107676,107677,107687,107701,107719],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107678,107679,107681,107683,107685],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107680,165],{"class":164},[65,107682,168],{"class":79},[65,107684,15788],{"class":147},[65,107686,174],{"class":79},[65,107688,107689,107691,107693,107695,107697,107699],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,107690,165],{"class":164},[65,107692,168],{"class":79},[65,107694,3370],{"class":1368},[65,107696,168],{"class":79},[65,107698,425],{"class":147},[65,107700,1870],{"class":79},[65,107702,107703,107705,107707,107709,107711,107713,107715,107717],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,107704,165],{"class":164},[65,107706,168],{"class":79},[65,107708,100515],{"class":147},[65,107710,144],{"class":79},[65,107712,106573],{"class":147},[65,107714,168],{"class":79},[65,107716,100524],{"class":147},[65,107718,1870],{"class":79},[65,107720,107721,107723,107725,107727,107729,107731],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,107722,165],{"class":164},[65,107724,168],{"class":79},[65,107726,1863],{"class":164},[65,107728,168],{"class":79},[65,107730,425],{"class":147},[65,107732,1870],{"class":79},[20,107734,350],{},[56,107736,107738],{"className":58,"code":107737,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107739,107740,107764,107784,107788,107806,107810,107820,107830,107844],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107741,107742,107744,107746,107748,107750,107752,107754,107756,107758,107760,107762],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107743,3768],{"class":71},[65,107745,76],{"class":75},[65,107747,80],{"class":79},[65,107749,3135],{"class":96},[65,107751,100],{"class":79},[65,107753,113],{"class":96},[65,107755,100],{"class":79},[65,107757,113],{"class":96},[65,107759,100],{"class":79},[65,107761,127],{"class":96},[65,107763,130],{"class":79},[65,107765,107766,107768,107770,107772,107774,107776,107778,107780,107782],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,107767,43469],{"class":71},[65,107769,76],{"class":75},[65,107771,80],{"class":79},[65,107773,2204],{"class":96},[65,107775,100],{"class":79},[65,107777,127],{"class":96},[65,107779,100],{"class":79},[65,107781,2602],{"class":96},[65,107783,130],{"class":79},[65,107785,107786],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,107787,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,107789,107790,107792,107794,107796,107798,107800,107802,107804],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,107791,401],{"class":71},[65,107793,76],{"class":75},[65,107795,4419],{"class":71},[65,107797,144],{"class":79},[65,107799,106573],{"class":147},[65,107801,168],{"class":79},[65,107803,30653],{"class":147},[65,107805,174],{"class":79},[65,107807,107808],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,107809,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,107811,107812,107814,107816,107818],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,107813,165],{"class":164},[65,107815,168],{"class":79},[65,107817,3800],{"class":147},[65,107819,174],{"class":79},[65,107821,107822,107824,107826,107828],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,107823,165],{"class":164},[65,107825,168],{"class":79},[65,107827,425],{"class":147},[65,107829,174],{"class":79},[65,107831,107832,107834,107836,107838,107840,107842],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,107833,165],{"class":164},[65,107835,168],{"class":79},[65,107837,3370],{"class":1368},[65,107839,168],{"class":79},[65,107841,425],{"class":147},[65,107843,1870],{"class":79},[65,107845,107846,107848,107850,107852,107854,107856],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,107847,165],{"class":164},[65,107849,168],{"class":79},[65,107851,1863],{"class":164},[65,107853,168],{"class":79},[65,107855,425],{"class":147},[65,107857,1870],{"class":79},[20,107859,191],{},[56,107861,107863],{"className":58,"code":107862,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107864,107865,107881,107893,107907],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107866,107867,107869,107871,107873,107875,107877,107879],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107868,218],{"class":79},[65,107870,3135],{"class":96},[65,107872,100],{"class":79},[65,107874,113],{"class":96},[65,107876,100],{"class":79},[65,107878,127],{"class":96},[65,107880,130],{"class":79},[65,107882,107883,107885,107887,107889,107891],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,107884,218],{"class":79},[65,107886,2204],{"class":96},[65,107888,100],{"class":79},[65,107890,127],{"class":96},[65,107892,130],{"class":79},[65,107894,107895,107897,107899,107901,107903,107905],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,107896,3439],{"class":75},[65,107898,3442],{"class":1696},[65,107900,233],{"class":83},[65,107902,6440],{"class":87},[65,107904,203],{"class":83},[65,107906,3451],{"class":75},[65,107908,107909],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,107910,17177],{"class":96},[20,107912,107913,107914,107916],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107915,2204],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[51,107918,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,107920,1966,107922,102669],{"id":107921},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107923,102721],{},[20,107925,102672],{},[1059,107927,5320,107929,107931],{"id":107928},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107930,102721],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107933,107934],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1059,107936,107938],{"id":107937},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107940,107941],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1059,107943,107945],{"id":107944},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107947,107948],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[56,107950,107951],{"className":58,"code":97388,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,107952,107953],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,107954,107955,107957],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,107956,6440],{"class":1368},[65,107958,151],{"class":79},[51,107960,2015],{"id":2014},[30,107962,107963,107967,107974,107980],{},[33,107964,107965],{},[88,107966,96258],{"href":96257},[33,107968,107969],{},[88,107970,3724,107971,10885],{"href":107660},[15,107972,107973],{},"set.union()",[33,107975,107976],{},[88,107977,3724,107978,10885],{"href":102770},[15,107979,100349],{},[33,107981,107982],{},[88,107983,100274],{"href":105273},[2071,107985,107986],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":107988},[107989,107991,107992,107993,107994,107996,108001,108002,108010],{"id":106602,"depth":133,"text":107990},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":17532,"depth":133,"text":17533},{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506},{"id":107110,"depth":133,"text":107995},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107361,"depth":133,"text":107997,"children":107998},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107999,108000],{"id":106573,"depth":154,"text":102721},{"id":107507,"depth":154,"text":107366},{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":108003},[108004,108006,108008,108009],{"id":107921,"depth":154,"text":108005},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107928,"depth":154,"text":108007},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107937,"depth":154,"text":107938},{"id":107944,"depth":154,"text":107945},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106495,"description":108011},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108018,"title":108019,"body":108020,"description":109256,"extension":2111,"meta":109257,"navigation":157,"path":109258,"seo":109259,"stem":109260,"__hash__":109261},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108021,"toc":109223},[108022,108027,108033,108042,108044,108119,108124,108139,108149,108154,108158,108171,108175,108177,108192,108194,108210,108212,108287,108291,108294,108296,108313,108318,108373,108378,108390,108394,108397,108498,108500,108541,108544,108548,108555,108557,108582,108585,108603,108610,108616,108619,108701,108708,108711,108791,108800,108803,108808,108812,108826,108875,108880,108884,108895,108944,108955,108960,108964,108976,109025,109036,109038,109042,109065,109067,109124,109126,109140,109142,109148,109154,109160,109169,109173,109180,109184,109192,109194,109220],[10,108023,96130,108025,18],{"id":108024},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108026,327],{},[20,108028,108029,108032],{},[15,108030,108031],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108034,108035,108036,108038,108039,108041],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[46,108037,1014],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108040,327],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[51,108043,54],{"id":53},[56,108045,108047],{"className":58,"code":108046,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108048,108049,108081,108095,108099,108109],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108050,108051,108053,108055,108057,108059,108061,108063,108065,108067,108069,108071,108073,108075,108077,108079],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108052,7929],{"class":71},[65,108054,76],{"class":75},[65,108056,80],{"class":79},[65,108058,84],{"class":83},[65,108060,4234],{"class":87},[65,108062,84],{"class":83},[65,108064,100],{"class":79},[65,108066,103],{"class":83},[65,108068,4243],{"class":87},[65,108070,84],{"class":83},[65,108072,100],{"class":79},[65,108074,103],{"class":83},[65,108076,4252],{"class":87},[65,108078,84],{"class":83},[65,108080,130],{"class":79},[65,108082,108083,108085,108087,108089,108091,108093],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,108084,69861],{"class":71},[65,108086,76],{"class":75},[65,108088,6118],{"class":71},[65,108090,144],{"class":79},[65,108092,1078],{"class":147},[65,108094,151],{"class":79},[65,108096,108097],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,108098,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,108100,108101,108103,108105,108107],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,108102,165],{"class":164},[65,108104,168],{"class":79},[65,108106,69884],{"class":147},[65,108108,174],{"class":79},[65,108110,108111,108113,108115,108117],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,108112,165],{"class":164},[65,108114,168],{"class":79},[65,108116,7960],{"class":147},[65,108118,174],{"class":79},[20,108120,108121],{},[46,108122,108123],{},"What this does:",[30,108125,108126,108131,108136],{},[33,108127,108128,108129],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108130,7960],{},[33,108132,108133,108134],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108135,69884],{},[33,108137,108138],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108140,108141,88890,108143,108145,108146,108148],{},[46,108142,83748],{},[15,108144,108031],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[46,108147,1014],{}," chosen by index.",[51,108150,252,108152,255],{"id":108151},"what-setpop-does",[15,108153,108031],{},[20,108155,108156,93],{},[15,108157,108031],{},[30,108159,108160,108162,108165,108168],{},[33,108161,102972],{},[33,108163,108164],{},"Returns the removed item",[33,108166,108167],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[33,108169,108170],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108172,96254,108173,144],{},[88,108174,96258],{"href":97429},[51,108176,283],{"id":282},[56,108178,108180],{"className":58,"code":108179,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108181,108182],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108183,108184,108186,108188,108190],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108185,15788],{"class":71},[65,108187,144],{"class":79},[65,108189,1078],{"class":147},[65,108191,151],{"class":79},[20,108193,13182],{},[30,108195,108196,108202,108207],{},[33,108197,108198,108199],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108200,108201],{},"my_set.pop()",[33,108203,108204,108205],{},"It takes ",[46,108206,312],{},[33,108208,108209],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108211,350],{},[56,108213,108215],{"className":58,"code":108214,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108216,108217,108249,108263,108267,108277],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108218,108219,108221,108223,108225,108227,108229,108231,108233,108235,108237,108239,108241,108243,108245,108247],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108220,13206],{"class":71},[65,108222,76],{"class":75},[65,108224,80],{"class":79},[65,108226,84],{"class":83},[65,108228,13223],{"class":87},[65,108230,84],{"class":83},[65,108232,100],{"class":79},[65,108234,103],{"class":83},[65,108236,13240],{"class":87},[65,108238,84],{"class":83},[65,108240,100],{"class":79},[65,108242,103],{"class":83},[65,108244,17570],{"class":87},[65,108246,84],{"class":83},[65,108248,130],{"class":79},[65,108250,108251,108253,108255,108257,108259,108261],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,108252,136],{"class":71},[65,108254,76],{"class":75},[65,108256,13254],{"class":71},[65,108258,144],{"class":79},[65,108260,1078],{"class":147},[65,108262,151],{"class":79},[65,108264,108265],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,108266,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,108268,108269,108271,108273,108275],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,108270,165],{"class":164},[65,108272,168],{"class":79},[65,108274,171],{"class":147},[65,108276,174],{"class":79},[65,108278,108279,108281,108283,108285],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,108280,165],{"class":164},[65,108282,168],{"class":79},[65,108284,17617],{"class":147},[65,108286,174],{"class":79},[51,108288,108290],{"id":108289},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108292,108293],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108295,2254],{},[30,108297,108298,108304,108307],{},[33,108299,108300,108301,108303],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108302,327],{}," removes",[33,108305,108306],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[33,108308,108309,108310,108312],{},"You should not use ",[15,108311,327],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108314,10605,108315,108317],{},[46,108316,1014],{}," valid:",[56,108319,108321],{"className":58,"code":108320,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108322,108323,108355],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108324,108325,108327,108329,108331,108333,108335,108337,108339,108341,108343,108345,108347,108349,108351,108353],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108326,36154],{"class":71},[65,108328,76],{"class":75},[65,108330,80],{"class":79},[65,108332,84],{"class":83},[65,108334,4234],{"class":87},[65,108336,84],{"class":83},[65,108338,100],{"class":79},[65,108340,103],{"class":83},[65,108342,4243],{"class":87},[65,108344,84],{"class":83},[65,108346,100],{"class":79},[65,108348,103],{"class":83},[65,108350,4252],{"class":87},[65,108352,84],{"class":83},[65,108354,130],{"class":79},[65,108356,108357,108359,108361,108363,108365,108367,108369,108371],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,108358,36206],{"class":71},[65,108360,144],{"class":79},[65,108362,1078],{"class":147},[65,108364,168],{"class":79},[65,108366,84],{"class":83},[65,108368,4234],{"class":87},[65,108370,84],{"class":83},[65,108372,174],{"class":79},[20,108374,39571,108375,108377],{},[15,108376,108031],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108379,108380,108381,3024,108385,144],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[88,108382,108383],{"href":98139},[15,108384,102798],{},[88,108386,108388],{"href":108387},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108389,102789],{},[51,108391,108393],{"id":108392},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108395,108396],{},"Here is a simple example:",[56,108398,108400],{"className":58,"code":108399,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108401,108402,108436,108440,108456,108460,108479],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108403,108404,108407,108409,108411,108413,108415,108417,108419,108421,108423,108425,108427,108429,108432,108434],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108405,108406],{"class":71},"animals ",[65,108408,76],{"class":75},[65,108410,80],{"class":79},[65,108412,84],{"class":83},[65,108414,36963],{"class":87},[65,108416,84],{"class":83},[65,108418,100],{"class":79},[65,108420,103],{"class":83},[65,108422,58052],{"class":87},[65,108424,84],{"class":83},[65,108426,100],{"class":79},[65,108428,103],{"class":83},[65,108430,108431],{"class":87},"rabbit",[65,108433,84],{"class":83},[65,108435,130],{"class":79},[65,108437,108438],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,108439,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,108441,108442,108445,108447,108450,108452,108454],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,108443,108444],{"class":71},"removed_animal ",[65,108446,76],{"class":75},[65,108448,108449],{"class":71}," animals",[65,108451,144],{"class":79},[65,108453,1078],{"class":147},[65,108455,151],{"class":79},[65,108457,108458],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,108459,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,108461,108462,108464,108466,108468,108470,108472,108474,108477],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,108463,165],{"class":164},[65,108465,168],{"class":79},[65,108467,84],{"class":83},[65,108469,600],{"class":87},[65,108471,84],{"class":83},[65,108473,100],{"class":79},[65,108475,108476],{"class":147}," removed_animal",[65,108478,174],{"class":79},[65,108480,108481,108483,108485,108487,108490,108492,108494,108496],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,108482,165],{"class":164},[65,108484,168],{"class":79},[65,108486,84],{"class":83},[65,108488,108489],{"class":87},"Updated set:",[65,108491,84],{"class":83},[65,108493,100],{"class":79},[65,108495,108449],{"class":147},[65,108497,174],{"class":79},[20,108499,1725],{},[56,108501,108503],{"className":58,"code":108502,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108504,108505,108514],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108506,108507,108509,108511],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108508,643],{"class":71},[65,108510,93],{"class":79},[65,108512,108513],{"class":71}," dog\n",[65,108515,108516,108519,108521,108523,108525,108527,108529,108531,108533,108535,108537,108539],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,108517,108518],{"class":71},"Updated ",[65,108520,6440],{"class":1368},[65,108522,93],{"class":79},[65,108524,80],{"class":79},[65,108526,203],{"class":83},[65,108528,36963],{"class":87},[65,108530,203],{"class":83},[65,108532,100],{"class":79},[65,108534,233],{"class":83},[65,108536,108431],{"class":87},[65,108538,203],{"class":83},[65,108540,130],{"class":79},[20,108542,108543],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[51,108545,108547],{"id":108546},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108549,1326,108550,108552,108553,144],{},[15,108551,327],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108554,1369],{},[20,108556,350],{},[56,108558,108560],{"className":58,"code":108559,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108561,108562,108572],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108563,108564,108566,108568,108570],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108565,7929],{"class":71},[65,108567,76],{"class":75},[65,108569,15755],{"class":1368},[65,108571,151],{"class":79},[65,108573,108574,108576,108578,108580],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,108575,7960],{"class":71},[65,108577,144],{"class":79},[65,108579,1078],{"class":147},[65,108581,151],{"class":79},[20,108583,108584],{},"This raises:",[56,108586,108588],{"className":58,"code":108587,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108589,108590],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108591,108592,108594,108596,108598,108601],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108593,1369],{"class":1368},[65,108595,93],{"class":79},[65,108597,233],{"class":83},[65,108599,108600],{"class":87},"pop from an empty set",[65,108602,1379],{"class":83},[20,108604,108605,108606,108609],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[88,108607,108608],{"href":11219},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1059,108611,108613,108614],{"id":108612},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108615,327],{},[20,108617,108618],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[56,108620,108622],{"className":58,"code":108621,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108623,108624,108634,108638,108646,108661,108680,108686],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108625,108626,108628,108630,108632],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108627,7929],{"class":71},[65,108629,76],{"class":75},[65,108631,15755],{"class":1368},[65,108633,151],{"class":79},[65,108635,108636],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,108637,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,108639,108640,108642,108644],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,108641,1406],{"class":1405},[65,108643,6118],{"class":71},[65,108645,1411],{"class":79},[65,108647,108648,108651,108653,108655,108657,108659],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,108649,108650],{"class":71},"    removed ",[65,108652,76],{"class":75},[65,108654,6118],{"class":71},[65,108656,144],{"class":79},[65,108658,1078],{"class":147},[65,108660,151],{"class":79},[65,108662,108663,108665,108667,108669,108671,108673,108675,108678],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,108664,1431],{"class":164},[65,108666,168],{"class":79},[65,108668,84],{"class":83},[65,108670,600],{"class":87},[65,108672,84],{"class":83},[65,108674,100],{"class":79},[65,108676,108677],{"class":147}," removed",[65,108679,174],{"class":79},[65,108681,108682,108684],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,108683,1442],{"class":1405},[65,108685,1411],{"class":79},[65,108687,108688,108690,108692,108694,108697,108699],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,108689,1431],{"class":164},[65,108691,168],{"class":79},[65,108693,84],{"class":83},[65,108695,108696],{"class":87},"The set is empty.",[65,108698,84],{"class":83},[65,108700,174],{"class":79},[1059,108702,1309,108704,1048,108706],{"id":108703},"use-try-and-except",[15,108705,1488],{},[15,108707,1519],{},[20,108709,108710],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[56,108712,108714],{"className":58,"code":108713,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108715,108716,108726,108730,108736,108750,108768,108776],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108717,108718,108720,108722,108724],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108719,7929],{"class":71},[65,108721,76],{"class":75},[65,108723,15755],{"class":1368},[65,108725,151],{"class":79},[65,108727,108728],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,108729,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,108731,108732,108734],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,108733,1488],{"class":1405},[65,108735,1411],{"class":79},[65,108737,108738,108740,108742,108744,108746,108748],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,108739,108650],{"class":71},[65,108741,76],{"class":75},[65,108743,6118],{"class":71},[65,108745,144],{"class":79},[65,108747,1078],{"class":147},[65,108749,151],{"class":79},[65,108751,108752,108754,108756,108758,108760,108762,108764,108766],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,108753,1431],{"class":164},[65,108755,168],{"class":79},[65,108757,84],{"class":83},[65,108759,600],{"class":87},[65,108761,84],{"class":83},[65,108763,100],{"class":79},[65,108765,108677],{"class":147},[65,108767,174],{"class":79},[65,108769,108770,108772,108774],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,108771,1519],{"class":1405},[65,108773,1522],{"class":1368},[65,108775,1411],{"class":79},[65,108777,108778,108780,108782,108784,108787,108789],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,108779,1431],{"class":164},[65,108781,168],{"class":79},[65,108783,84],{"class":83},[65,108785,108786],{"class":87},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[65,108788,84],{"class":83},[65,108790,174],{"class":79},[51,108792,1553,108794,10729,108796,10729,108798],{"id":108793},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108795,327],{},[15,108797,55453],{},[15,108799,102784],{},[20,108801,108802],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1059,108804,1309,108806],{"id":108805},"use-pop",[15,108807,327],{},[20,108809,1309,108810,10745],{},[15,108811,327],{},[30,108813,108814,108820,108823],{},[33,108815,108816,108817],{},"You want to remove ",[46,108818,108819],{},"any one item",[33,108821,108822],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[33,108824,108825],{},"You want the removed item returned",[56,108827,108829],{"className":58,"code":108828,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108830,108831,108851,108865],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108832,108833,108835,108837,108839,108841,108843,108845,108847,108849],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108834,3768],{"class":71},[65,108836,76],{"class":75},[65,108838,80],{"class":79},[65,108840,3135],{"class":96},[65,108842,100],{"class":79},[65,108844,113],{"class":96},[65,108846,100],{"class":79},[65,108848,127],{"class":96},[65,108850,130],{"class":79},[65,108852,108853,108855,108857,108859,108861,108863],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,108854,1189],{"class":71},[65,108856,76],{"class":75},[65,108858,4419],{"class":71},[65,108860,144],{"class":79},[65,108862,1078],{"class":147},[65,108864,151],{"class":79},[65,108866,108867,108869,108871,108873],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,108868,165],{"class":164},[65,108870,168],{"class":79},[65,108872,1714],{"class":147},[65,108874,174],{"class":79},[1059,108876,1309,108878],{"id":108877},"use-remove",[15,108879,55453],{},[20,108881,1309,108882,10745],{},[15,108883,55453],{},[30,108885,108886,108892],{},[33,108887,108888,108889],{},"You want to delete a ",[46,108890,108891],{},"specific item",[33,108893,108894],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[56,108896,108898],{"className":58,"code":108897,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108899,108900,108920,108934],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108901,108902,108904,108906,108908,108910,108912,108914,108916,108918],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108903,3768],{"class":71},[65,108905,76],{"class":75},[65,108907,80],{"class":79},[65,108909,3135],{"class":96},[65,108911,100],{"class":79},[65,108913,113],{"class":96},[65,108915,100],{"class":79},[65,108917,127],{"class":96},[65,108919,130],{"class":79},[65,108921,108922,108924,108926,108928,108930,108932],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,108923,3800],{"class":71},[65,108925,144],{"class":79},[65,108927,34707],{"class":147},[65,108929,168],{"class":79},[65,108931,2204],{"class":96},[65,108933,174],{"class":79},[65,108935,108936,108938,108940,108942],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,108937,165],{"class":164},[65,108939,168],{"class":79},[65,108941,3800],{"class":147},[65,108943,174],{"class":79},[20,108945,108946,108947,108949,108950,108954],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108948,55453],{}," raises an error. See the ",[88,108951,108952,10885],{"href":98139},[15,108953,102798],{}," for details.",[1059,108956,1309,108958],{"id":108957},"use-discard",[15,108959,102784],{},[20,108961,1309,108962,10745],{},[15,108963,102784],{},[30,108965,108966,108970],{},[33,108967,108888,108968],{},[46,108969,108891],{},[33,108971,108972,108973,108975],{},"You do ",[46,108974,1014],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[56,108977,108979],{"className":58,"code":108978,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108980,108981,109001,109015],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,108982,108983,108985,108987,108989,108991,108993,108995,108997,108999],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,108984,3768],{"class":71},[65,108986,76],{"class":75},[65,108988,80],{"class":79},[65,108990,3135],{"class":96},[65,108992,100],{"class":79},[65,108994,113],{"class":96},[65,108996,100],{"class":79},[65,108998,127],{"class":96},[65,109000,130],{"class":79},[65,109002,109003,109005,109007,109009,109011,109013],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,109004,3800],{"class":71},[65,109006,144],{"class":79},[65,109008,102851],{"class":147},[65,109010,168],{"class":79},[65,109012,2284],{"class":96},[65,109014,174],{"class":79},[65,109016,109017,109019,109021,109023],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,109018,165],{"class":164},[65,109020,168],{"class":79},[65,109022,3800],{"class":147},[65,109024,174],{"class":79},[20,109026,109027,109028,109030,109031,109035],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109029,2284],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[88,109032,109033,10885],{"href":108387},[15,109034,102789],{}," for more examples.",[51,109037,1766],{"id":1765},[20,109039,71407,109040,93],{},[15,109041,108031],{},[30,109043,109044,109050,109055,109060],{},[33,109045,109046,109047],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109048,109049],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[33,109051,1792,109052,109054],{},[15,109053,327],{}," to remove the first or last item",[33,109056,1326,109057,109059],{},[15,109058,327],{}," on an empty set",[33,109061,8569,109062,109064],{},[15,109063,327],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109066,62221],{},[56,109068,109070],{"className":58,"code":109069,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109071,109072,109082,109096,109110],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109073,109074,109076,109078,109080],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109075,165],{"class":164},[65,109077,168],{"class":79},[65,109079,15788],{"class":147},[65,109081,174],{"class":79},[65,109083,109084,109086,109088,109090,109092,109094],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,109085,165],{"class":164},[65,109087,168],{"class":79},[65,109089,1863],{"class":164},[65,109091,168],{"class":79},[65,109093,15788],{"class":147},[65,109095,1870],{"class":79},[65,109097,109098,109100,109102,109104,109106,109108],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,109099,165],{"class":164},[65,109101,168],{"class":79},[65,109103,3370],{"class":1368},[65,109105,168],{"class":79},[65,109107,15788],{"class":147},[65,109109,1870],{"class":79},[65,109111,109112,109114,109116,109118,109120,109122],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,109113,136],{"class":71},[65,109115,76],{"class":75},[65,109117,96854],{"class":71},[65,109119,144],{"class":79},[65,109121,1078],{"class":147},[65,109123,151],{"class":79},[20,109125,26115],{},[30,109127,109128,109131,109134,109137],{},[33,109129,109130],{},"What values are in the set",[33,109132,109133],{},"Whether the set is empty",[33,109135,109136],{},"That the object is really a set",[33,109138,109139],{},"What value was actually removed",[51,109141,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,109143,1966,109145,109147],{"id":109144},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109146,108031],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109149,109150,109151,109153],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109152,327],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1059,109155,109157,109158,2637],{"id":109156},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109159,108031],{},[20,109161,109162,109163,109165,109166,109168],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109164,327],{},", set ",[15,109167,327],{}," does not accept an index.",[1059,109170,109172],{"id":109171},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109174,71576,109175,44550,109177,109179],{},[15,109176,1369],{},[15,109178,327],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1059,109181,109183],{"id":109182},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109185,1309,109186,3024,109188,11237,109190,144],{},[15,109187,55453],{},[15,109189,102784],{},[15,109191,327],{},[51,109193,2015],{"id":2014},[30,109195,109196,109200,109206,109212,109216],{},[33,109197,109198],{},[88,109199,96258],{"href":97429},[33,109201,109202],{},[88,109203,96744,109204,10885],{"href":98139},[15,109205,55453],{},[33,109207,109208],{},[88,109209,96744,109210,10885],{"href":108387},[15,109211,102784],{},[33,109213,109214],{},[88,109215,11407],{"href":11219},[33,109217,109218],{},[88,109219,55439],{"href":54991},[2071,109221,109222],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":109224},[109225,109226,109228,109229,109230,109231,109237,109246,109247,109255],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":108151,"depth":133,"text":109227},"What set.pop() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":108289,"depth":133,"text":108290},{"id":108392,"depth":133,"text":108393},{"id":108546,"depth":133,"text":108547,"children":109232},[109233,109235],{"id":108612,"depth":154,"text":109234},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108703,"depth":154,"text":109236},"Use try and except",{"id":108793,"depth":133,"text":109238,"children":109239},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109240,109242,109244],{"id":108805,"depth":154,"text":109241},"Use pop()",{"id":108877,"depth":154,"text":109243},"Use remove()",{"id":108957,"depth":154,"text":109245},"Use discard()",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":109248},[109249,109251,109253,109254],{"id":109144,"depth":154,"text":109250},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109156,"depth":154,"text":109252},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109171,"depth":154,"text":109172},{"id":109182,"depth":154,"text":109183},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108019,"description":109256},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109263,"title":109264,"body":109265,"description":110419,"extension":2111,"meta":110420,"navigation":157,"path":110421,"seo":110422,"stem":110423,"__hash__":110424},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109266,"toc":110387},[109267,109272,109277,109286,109288,109353,109357,109381,109388,109393,109397,109412,109415,109417,109436,109450,109453,109501,109505,109521,109523,109596,109600,109625,109631,109639,109643,109650,109705,109710,109727,109733,109739,109744,109752,109759,109763,109771,109826,109828,109845,109849,109856,109921,109925,109958,109960,109972,109979,109981,109986,109993,109995,110064,110068,110076,110078,110142,110146,110151,110198,110203,110271,110279,110286,110289,110295,110300,110304,110306,110309,110311,110316,110321,110327,110332,110339,110347,110353,110356,110358,110384],[10,109268,96130,109270,18],{"id":109269},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109271,55453],{},[20,109273,109274,109276],{},[15,109275,102798],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109278,109279,109280,109283,109284,144],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[46,109281,109282],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109285,1369],{},[51,109287,54],{"id":53},[56,109289,109291],{"className":58,"code":109290,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109292,109293,109325,109343],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109294,109295,109297,109299,109301,109303,109305,109307,109309,109311,109313,109315,109317,109319,109321,109323],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109296,13206],{"class":71},[65,109298,76],{"class":75},[65,109300,80],{"class":79},[65,109302,84],{"class":83},[65,109304,13223],{"class":87},[65,109306,84],{"class":83},[65,109308,100],{"class":79},[65,109310,103],{"class":83},[65,109312,13240],{"class":87},[65,109314,84],{"class":83},[65,109316,100],{"class":79},[65,109318,103],{"class":83},[65,109320,17570],{"class":87},[65,109322,84],{"class":83},[65,109324,130],{"class":79},[65,109326,109327,109329,109331,109333,109335,109337,109339,109341],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,109328,17617],{"class":71},[65,109330,144],{"class":79},[65,109332,34707],{"class":147},[65,109334,168],{"class":79},[65,109336,84],{"class":83},[65,109338,13240],{"class":87},[65,109340,84],{"class":83},[65,109342,174],{"class":79},[65,109344,109345,109347,109349,109351],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,109346,165],{"class":164},[65,109348,168],{"class":79},[65,109350,17617],{"class":147},[65,109352,174],{"class":79},[20,109354,109355],{},[46,109356,1725],{},[56,109358,109359],{"className":58,"code":103478,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,109360,109361],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109362,109363,109365,109367,109369,109371,109373,109375,109377,109379],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109364,218],{"class":79},[65,109366,203],{"class":83},[65,109368,13223],{"class":87},[65,109370,203],{"class":83},[65,109372,100],{"class":79},[65,109374,233],{"class":83},[65,109376,17570],{"class":87},[65,109378,203],{"class":83},[65,109380,130],{"class":79},[20,109382,1309,109383,109385,109386,144],{},[15,109384,55453],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109387,1369],{},[51,109389,252,109391,255],{"id":109390},"what-setremove-does",[15,109392,102798],{},[20,109394,109395,93],{},[15,109396,102798],{},[30,109398,109399,109402,109404,109406],{},[33,109400,109401],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[33,109403,96245],{},[33,109405,96248],{},[33,109407,109408,109409,109411],{},"Raises ",[15,109410,1369],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109413,109414],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[51,109416,283],{"id":282},[56,109418,109420],{"className":58,"code":109419,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109421,109422],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109423,109424,109426,109428,109430,109432,109434],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109425,15788],{"class":71},[65,109427,144],{"class":79},[65,109429,34707],{"class":147},[65,109431,168],{"class":79},[65,109433,1714],{"class":147},[65,109435,174],{"class":79},[30,109437,109438,109442,109447],{},[33,109439,109440,103020],{},[15,109441,15788],{},[33,109443,109444,109446],{},[15,109445,1714],{}," is the item to remove",[33,109448,109449],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109451,109452],{},"Here is a small example:",[56,109454,109455],{"className":58,"code":108897,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,109456,109457,109477,109491],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109458,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467,109469,109471,109473,109475],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109460,3768],{"class":71},[65,109462,76],{"class":75},[65,109464,80],{"class":79},[65,109466,3135],{"class":96},[65,109468,100],{"class":79},[65,109470,113],{"class":96},[65,109472,100],{"class":79},[65,109474,127],{"class":96},[65,109476,130],{"class":79},[65,109478,109479,109481,109483,109485,109487,109489],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,109480,3800],{"class":71},[65,109482,144],{"class":79},[65,109484,34707],{"class":147},[65,109486,168],{"class":79},[65,109488,2204],{"class":96},[65,109490,174],{"class":79},[65,109492,109493,109495,109497,109499],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,109494,165],{"class":164},[65,109496,168],{"class":79},[65,109498,3800],{"class":147},[65,109500,174],{"class":79},[20,109502,109503],{},[46,109504,1725],{},[56,109506,109507],{"className":58,"code":101228,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,109508,109509],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109510,109511,109513,109515,109517,109519],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109512,218],{"class":79},[65,109514,3135],{"class":96},[65,109516,100],{"class":79},[65,109518,127],{"class":96},[65,109520,130],{"class":79},[51,109522,506],{"id":505},[56,109524,109526],{"className":58,"code":109525,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109527,109528,109560,109564,109582,109586],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109529,109530,109532,109534,109536,109538,109540,109542,109544,109546,109548,109550,109552,109554,109556,109558],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109531,36154],{"class":71},[65,109533,76],{"class":75},[65,109535,80],{"class":79},[65,109537,84],{"class":83},[65,109539,4234],{"class":87},[65,109541,84],{"class":83},[65,109543,100],{"class":79},[65,109545,103],{"class":83},[65,109547,4243],{"class":87},[65,109549,84],{"class":83},[65,109551,100],{"class":79},[65,109553,103],{"class":83},[65,109555,33132],{"class":87},[65,109557,84],{"class":83},[65,109559,130],{"class":79},[65,109561,109562],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,109563,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,109565,109566,109568,109570,109572,109574,109576,109578,109580],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,109567,36206],{"class":71},[65,109569,144],{"class":79},[65,109571,34707],{"class":147},[65,109573,168],{"class":79},[65,109575,84],{"class":83},[65,109577,4243],{"class":87},[65,109579,84],{"class":83},[65,109581,174],{"class":79},[65,109583,109584],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,109585,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,109587,109588,109590,109592,109594],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,109589,165],{"class":164},[65,109591,168],{"class":79},[65,109593,36206],{"class":147},[65,109595,174],{"class":79},[20,109597,109598],{},[46,109599,1725],{},[56,109601,109603],{"className":58,"code":109602,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109604,109605],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109606,109607,109609,109611,109613,109615,109617,109619,109621,109623],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109608,218],{"class":79},[65,109610,203],{"class":83},[65,109612,4234],{"class":87},[65,109614,203],{"class":83},[65,109616,100],{"class":79},[65,109618,233],{"class":83},[65,109620,33132],{"class":87},[65,109622,203],{"class":83},[65,109624,130],{"class":79},[20,109626,109627,109628,109630],{},"This removes ",[15,109629,65201],{}," from the set.",[20,109632,109633,109634,109636,109637,144],{},"A set does ",[46,109635,1014],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[88,109638,96262],{"href":97813},[51,109640,109642],{"id":109641},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109644,109645,109646,52418,109648,144],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109647,55453],{},[15,109649,1369],{},[56,109651,109653],{"className":58,"code":109652,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109654,109655,109687],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109656,109657,109659,109661,109663,109665,109667,109669,109671,109673,109675,109677,109679,109681,109683,109685],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109658,13206],{"class":71},[65,109660,76],{"class":75},[65,109662,80],{"class":79},[65,109664,84],{"class":83},[65,109666,13223],{"class":87},[65,109668,84],{"class":83},[65,109670,100],{"class":79},[65,109672,103],{"class":83},[65,109674,13240],{"class":87},[65,109676,84],{"class":83},[65,109678,100],{"class":79},[65,109680,103],{"class":83},[65,109682,17570],{"class":87},[65,109684,84],{"class":83},[65,109686,130],{"class":79},[65,109688,109689,109691,109693,109695,109697,109699,109701,109703],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,109690,17617],{"class":71},[65,109692,144],{"class":79},[65,109694,34707],{"class":147},[65,109696,168],{"class":79},[65,109698,84],{"class":83},[65,109700,22631],{"class":87},[65,109702,84],{"class":83},[65,109704,174],{"class":79},[20,109706,109707],{},[46,109708,109709],{},"Result:",[56,109711,109713],{"className":58,"code":109712,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109714,109715],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109716,109717,109719,109721,109723,109725],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109718,1369],{"class":1368},[65,109720,93],{"class":79},[65,109722,233],{"class":83},[65,109724,22631],{"class":87},[65,109726,1379],{"class":83},[20,109728,22299,109729,109732],{},[15,109730,109731],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109734,109735,109736,109738],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109737,55453],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109740,109741,109742,144],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[88,109743,11407],{"href":11219},[51,109745,4354,109747,109749,109750],{"id":109746},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109748,55453],{}," is different from ",[15,109751,102784],{},[20,109753,109754,1048,109756,109758],{},[15,109755,55453],{},[15,109757,102784],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1059,109760,109761],{"id":34707},[15,109762,55453],{},[30,109764,109765,109768],{},[33,109766,109767],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[33,109769,109770],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[56,109772,109774],{"className":58,"code":109773,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109775,109776,109808],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109777,109778,109780,109782,109784,109786,109788,109790,109792,109794,109796,109798,109800,109802,109804,109806],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109779,36005],{"class":71},[65,109781,76],{"class":75},[65,109783,80],{"class":79},[65,109785,84],{"class":83},[65,109787,88],{"class":87},[65,109789,84],{"class":83},[65,109791,100],{"class":79},[65,109793,103],{"class":83},[65,109795,106],{"class":87},[65,109797,84],{"class":83},[65,109799,100],{"class":79},[65,109801,103],{"class":83},[65,109803,120],{"class":87},[65,109805,84],{"class":83},[65,109807,130],{"class":79},[65,109809,109810,109812,109814,109816,109818,109820,109822,109824],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,109811,36058],{"class":71},[65,109813,144],{"class":79},[65,109815,34707],{"class":147},[65,109817,168],{"class":79},[65,109819,84],{"class":83},[65,109821,18883],{"class":87},[65,109823,84],{"class":83},[65,109825,174],{"class":79},[20,109827,108584],{},[56,109829,109831],{"className":58,"code":109830,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109832,109833],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109834,109835,109837,109839,109841,109843],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109836,1369],{"class":1368},[65,109838,93],{"class":79},[65,109840,233],{"class":83},[65,109842,18883],{"class":87},[65,109844,1379],{"class":83},[1059,109846,109847],{"id":102851},[15,109848,102784],{},[30,109850,109851,109853],{},[33,109852,109767],{},[33,109854,109855],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[56,109857,109859],{"className":58,"code":109858,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109860,109861,109893,109911],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109862,109863,109865,109867,109869,109871,109873,109875,109877,109879,109881,109883,109885,109887,109889,109891],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109864,36005],{"class":71},[65,109866,76],{"class":75},[65,109868,80],{"class":79},[65,109870,84],{"class":83},[65,109872,88],{"class":87},[65,109874,84],{"class":83},[65,109876,100],{"class":79},[65,109878,103],{"class":83},[65,109880,106],{"class":87},[65,109882,84],{"class":83},[65,109884,100],{"class":79},[65,109886,103],{"class":83},[65,109888,120],{"class":87},[65,109890,84],{"class":83},[65,109892,130],{"class":79},[65,109894,109895,109897,109899,109901,109903,109905,109907,109909],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,109896,36058],{"class":71},[65,109898,144],{"class":79},[65,109900,102851],{"class":147},[65,109902,168],{"class":79},[65,109904,84],{"class":83},[65,109906,18883],{"class":87},[65,109908,84],{"class":83},[65,109910,174],{"class":79},[65,109912,109913,109915,109917,109919],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,109914,165],{"class":164},[65,109916,168],{"class":79},[65,109918,36058],{"class":147},[65,109920,174],{"class":79},[20,109922,109923],{},[46,109924,191],{},[56,109926,109928],{"className":58,"code":109927,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109929,109930],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,109931,109932,109934,109936,109938,109940,109942,109944,109946,109948,109950,109952,109954,109956],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,109933,218],{"class":79},[65,109935,203],{"class":83},[65,109937,88],{"class":87},[65,109939,203],{"class":83},[65,109941,100],{"class":79},[65,109943,233],{"class":83},[65,109945,106],{"class":87},[65,109947,203],{"class":83},[65,109949,100],{"class":79},[65,109951,233],{"class":83},[65,109953,120],{"class":87},[65,109955,203],{"class":83},[65,109957,130],{"class":79},[20,109959,18810],{},[30,109961,109962,109967],{},[33,109963,109964,109966],{},[15,109965,55453],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[33,109968,109969,109971],{},[15,109970,102784],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109973,109974,109975,144],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[88,109976,96744,109977,10885],{"href":108387},[15,109978,102784],{},[51,109980,4675],{"id":4674},[1059,109982,1792,109984,97124],{"id":109983},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109985,55453],{},[20,109987,109988,109990,109991,144],{},[15,109989,55453],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109992,3930],{},[20,109994,16764],{},[56,109996,109998],{"className":58,"code":109997,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109999,110000,110032,110054],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110001,110002,110004,110006,110008,110010,110012,110014,110016,110018,110020,110022,110024,110026,110028,110030],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110003,13206],{"class":71},[65,110005,76],{"class":75},[65,110007,80],{"class":79},[65,110009,84],{"class":83},[65,110011,13223],{"class":87},[65,110013,84],{"class":83},[65,110015,100],{"class":79},[65,110017,103],{"class":83},[65,110019,13240],{"class":87},[65,110021,84],{"class":83},[65,110023,100],{"class":79},[65,110025,103],{"class":83},[65,110027,17570],{"class":87},[65,110029,84],{"class":83},[65,110031,130],{"class":79},[65,110033,110034,110036,110038,110040,110042,110044,110046,110048,110050,110052],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,110035,13249],{"class":71},[65,110037,76],{"class":75},[65,110039,13254],{"class":71},[65,110041,144],{"class":79},[65,110043,34707],{"class":147},[65,110045,168],{"class":79},[65,110047,84],{"class":83},[65,110049,13240],{"class":87},[65,110051,84],{"class":83},[65,110053,174],{"class":79},[65,110055,110056,110058,110060,110062],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,110057,165],{"class":164},[65,110059,168],{"class":79},[65,110061,13273],{"class":147},[65,110063,174],{"class":79},[20,110065,110066],{},[46,110067,191],{},[56,110069,110070],{"className":58,"code":11943,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,110071,110072],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110073,110074],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110075,11943],{"class":4005},[20,110077,16776],{},[56,110079,110080],{"className":58,"code":109290,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,110081,110082,110114,110132],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110083,110084,110086,110088,110090,110092,110094,110096,110098,110100,110102,110104,110106,110108,110110,110112],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110085,13206],{"class":71},[65,110087,76],{"class":75},[65,110089,80],{"class":79},[65,110091,84],{"class":83},[65,110093,13223],{"class":87},[65,110095,84],{"class":83},[65,110097,100],{"class":79},[65,110099,103],{"class":83},[65,110101,13240],{"class":87},[65,110103,84],{"class":83},[65,110105,100],{"class":79},[65,110107,103],{"class":83},[65,110109,17570],{"class":87},[65,110111,84],{"class":83},[65,110113,130],{"class":79},[65,110115,110116,110118,110120,110122,110124,110126,110128,110130],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,110117,17617],{"class":71},[65,110119,144],{"class":79},[65,110121,34707],{"class":147},[65,110123,168],{"class":79},[65,110125,84],{"class":83},[65,110127,13240],{"class":87},[65,110129,84],{"class":83},[65,110131,174],{"class":79},[65,110133,110134,110136,110138,110140],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,110135,165],{"class":164},[65,110137,168],{"class":79},[65,110139,17617],{"class":147},[65,110141,174],{"class":79},[1059,110143,110145],{"id":110144},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110147,110148,110149,144],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110150,1369],{},[56,110152,110154],{"className":58,"code":110153,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110155,110156,110180],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110157,110158,110160,110162,110164,110166,110168,110170,110172,110174,110176,110178],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110159,13206],{"class":71},[65,110161,76],{"class":75},[65,110163,80],{"class":79},[65,110165,84],{"class":83},[65,110167,13223],{"class":87},[65,110169,84],{"class":83},[65,110171,100],{"class":79},[65,110173,103],{"class":83},[65,110175,13240],{"class":87},[65,110177,84],{"class":83},[65,110179,130],{"class":79},[65,110181,110182,110184,110186,110188,110190,110192,110194,110196],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,110183,17617],{"class":71},[65,110185,144],{"class":79},[65,110187,34707],{"class":147},[65,110189,168],{"class":79},[65,110191,84],{"class":83},[65,110193,17570],{"class":87},[65,110195,84],{"class":83},[65,110197,174],{"class":79},[20,110199,110200,110201,93],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110202,4036],{},[56,110204,110206],{"className":58,"code":110205,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110207,110208,110232,110236,110252],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110209,110210,110212,110214,110216,110218,110220,110222,110224,110226,110228,110230],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110211,13206],{"class":71},[65,110213,76],{"class":75},[65,110215,80],{"class":79},[65,110217,84],{"class":83},[65,110219,13223],{"class":87},[65,110221,84],{"class":83},[65,110223,100],{"class":79},[65,110225,103],{"class":83},[65,110227,13240],{"class":87},[65,110229,84],{"class":83},[65,110231,130],{"class":79},[65,110233,110234],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,110235,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,110237,110238,110240,110242,110244,110246,110248,110250],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,110239,1406],{"class":1405},[65,110241,103],{"class":83},[65,110243,17570],{"class":87},[65,110245,84],{"class":83},[65,110247,21289],{"class":75},[65,110249,13254],{"class":71},[65,110251,1411],{"class":79},[65,110253,110254,110257,110259,110261,110263,110265,110267,110269],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,110255,110256],{"class":71},"    colors",[65,110258,144],{"class":79},[65,110260,34707],{"class":147},[65,110262,168],{"class":79},[65,110264,84],{"class":83},[65,110266,17570],{"class":87},[65,110268,84],{"class":83},[65,110270,174],{"class":79},[20,110272,110273,110274,110278],{},"Or use ",[88,110275,110276],{"href":108387},[15,110277,102784],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1059,110280,37120,110282,8855,110284],{"id":110281},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110283,102798],{},[15,110285,54999],{},[20,110287,110288],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110290,110291,110292,110294],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110293,102798],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110296,110297,110298,144],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[88,110299,99008],{"href":99007},[1059,110301,110303],{"id":110302},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110305,108293],{},[20,110307,110308],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[51,110310,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,110312,1966,110314,97223],{"id":110313},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110315,102798],{},[20,110317,110318,110319,144],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110320,3930],{},[1059,110322,2000,110324,110326],{"id":110323},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110325,102798],{}," raise?",[20,110328,2006,110329,110331],{},[15,110330,1369],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1059,110333,21536,110335,3024,110337,2637],{"id":110334},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110336,55453],{},[15,110338,102784],{},[20,110340,1309,110341,110343,110344,110346],{},[15,110342,55453],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110345,102784],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1059,110348,5320,110350,110352],{"id":110349},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110351,102798],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110354,110355],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[51,110357,2015],{"id":2014},[30,110359,110360,110366,110372,110376,110380],{},[33,110361,110362],{},[88,110363,96744,110364,10885],{"href":108387},[15,110365,102784],{},[33,110367,110368],{},[88,110369,96744,110370,10885],{"href":98144},[15,110371,327],{},[33,110373,110374],{},[88,110375,97268],{"href":97813},[33,110377,110378],{},[88,110379,100274],{"href":99007},[33,110381,110382],{},[88,110383,11407],{"href":11219},[2071,110385,110386],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":110388},[110389,110390,110392,110393,110394,110395,110400,110408,110418],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":109390,"depth":133,"text":110391},"What set.remove() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506},{"id":109641,"depth":133,"text":109642},{"id":109746,"depth":133,"text":110396,"children":110397},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110398,110399],{"id":34707,"depth":154,"text":55453},{"id":102851,"depth":154,"text":102784},{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675,"children":110401},[110402,110404,110405,110407],{"id":109983,"depth":154,"text":110403},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110144,"depth":154,"text":110145},{"id":110281,"depth":154,"text":110406},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110302,"depth":154,"text":110303},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":110409},[110410,110412,110414,110416],{"id":110313,"depth":154,"text":110411},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110323,"depth":154,"text":110413},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110334,"depth":154,"text":110415},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110349,"depth":154,"text":110417},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109264,"description":110419},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110426,"title":110427,"body":110428,"description":111801,"extension":2111,"meta":111802,"navigation":157,"path":111803,"seo":111804,"stem":111805,"__hash__":111806},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110429,"toc":111776},[110430,110436,110442,110445,110448,110462,110464,110545,110548,110553,110557,110571,110578,110580,110599,110602,110620,110622,110702,110704,110729,110733,110736,110744,110749,110754,110756,110769,110774,110777,110801,110804,110812,110814,110817,110914,110916,110949,110951,110977,110984,110987,110991,110999,111003,111011,111013,111103,111105,111119,111126,111131,111136,111138,111229,111231,111243,111245,111259,111265,111273,111275,111357,111359,111404,111407,111415,111418,111420,111424,111467,111469,111489,111494,111496,111581,111583,111588,111590,111597,111605,111611,111614,111616,111702,111704,111728,111732,111735,111737,111764,111774],[10,110431,96130,110433,18],{"id":110432},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110434,110435],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110437,110438,110441],{},[15,110439,110440],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110443,110444],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110446,110447],{},"Use it when:",[30,110449,110450,110453,110459],{},[33,110451,110452],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[33,110454,110455,110456,110458],{},"you do ",[46,110457,1014],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[33,110460,110461],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[51,110463,3758],{"id":3757},[56,110465,110467],{"className":58,"code":110466,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110468,110469,110489,110509,110513,110532],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110470,110471,110473,110475,110477,110479,110481,110483,110485,110487],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110472,2700],{"class":71},[65,110474,76],{"class":75},[65,110476,80],{"class":79},[65,110478,3135],{"class":96},[65,110480,100],{"class":79},[65,110482,113],{"class":96},[65,110484,100],{"class":79},[65,110486,127],{"class":96},[65,110488,130],{"class":79},[65,110490,110491,110493,110495,110497,110499,110501,110503,110505,110507],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,110492,2728],{"class":71},[65,110494,76],{"class":75},[65,110496,80],{"class":79},[65,110498,2210],{"class":96},[65,110500,100],{"class":79},[65,110502,2602],{"class":96},[65,110504,100],{"class":79},[65,110506,4762],{"class":96},[65,110508,130],{"class":79},[65,110510,110511],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,110512,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,110514,110515,110517,110519,110521,110523,110526,110528,110530],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,110516,401],{"class":71},[65,110518,76],{"class":75},[65,110520,56812],{"class":71},[65,110522,144],{"class":79},[65,110524,110525],{"class":147},"symmetric_difference",[65,110527,168],{"class":79},[65,110529,106],{"class":147},[65,110531,174],{"class":79},[65,110533,110534,110536,110538,110540,110542],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,110535,165],{"class":164},[65,110537,168],{"class":79},[65,110539,425],{"class":147},[65,110541,3813],{"class":79},[65,110543,110544],{"class":3816},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110546,110547],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[51,110549,252,110551,255],{"id":110550},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110552,110435],{},[20,110554,110555,93],{},[15,110556,110440],{},[30,110558,110559,110562,110565,110568],{},[33,110560,110561],{},"returns a new set",[33,110563,110564],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[33,110566,110567],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[33,110569,110570],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110572,96254,110573,3024,110575,144],{},[88,110574,96258],{"href":96257},[88,110576,110577],{"href":96261},"creating a set in Python",[51,110579,283],{"id":282},[56,110581,110583],{"className":58,"code":110582,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110584,110585],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110586,110587,110589,110591,110593,110595,110597],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110588,100515],{"class":71},[65,110590,144],{"class":79},[65,110592,110525],{"class":147},[65,110594,168],{"class":79},[65,110596,100524],{"class":147},[65,110598,174],{"class":79},[20,110600,110601],{},"Notes:",[30,110603,110604,110609,110614,110617],{},[33,110605,110606,110608],{},[15,110607,100515],{}," must be a set",[33,110610,110611,110613],{},[15,110612,100524],{}," can be any iterable",[33,110615,110616],{},"the result is always a set",[33,110618,110619],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110621,350],{},[56,110623,110625],{"className":58,"code":110624,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110626,110627,110648,110669,110673,110692],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110628,110629,110632,110634,110636,110638,110640,110642,110644,110646],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110630,110631],{"class":71},"set1 ",[65,110633,76],{"class":75},[65,110635,80],{"class":79},[65,110637,3135],{"class":96},[65,110639,100],{"class":79},[65,110641,113],{"class":96},[65,110643,100],{"class":79},[65,110645,127],{"class":96},[65,110647,130],{"class":79},[65,110649,110650,110653,110655,110657,110659,110661,110663,110665,110667],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,110651,110652],{"class":71},"set2 ",[65,110654,76],{"class":75},[65,110656,80],{"class":79},[65,110658,2210],{"class":96},[65,110660,100],{"class":79},[65,110662,2602],{"class":96},[65,110664,100],{"class":79},[65,110666,4762],{"class":96},[65,110668,130],{"class":79},[65,110670,110671],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,110672,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,110674,110675,110677,110679,110682,110684,110686,110688,110690],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,110676,401],{"class":71},[65,110678,76],{"class":75},[65,110680,110681],{"class":71}," set1",[65,110683,144],{"class":79},[65,110685,110525],{"class":147},[65,110687,168],{"class":79},[65,110689,100524],{"class":147},[65,110691,174],{"class":79},[65,110693,110694,110696,110698,110700],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,110695,165],{"class":164},[65,110697,168],{"class":79},[65,110699,425],{"class":147},[65,110701,174],{"class":79},[20,110703,191],{},[56,110705,110707],{"className":58,"code":110706,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110708,110709],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110710,110711,110713,110715,110717,110719,110721,110723,110725,110727],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110712,218],{"class":79},[65,110714,3135],{"class":96},[65,110716,100],{"class":79},[65,110718,113],{"class":96},[65,110720,100],{"class":79},[65,110722,2602],{"class":96},[65,110724,100],{"class":79},[65,110726,4762],{"class":96},[65,110728,130],{"class":79},[51,110730,110732],{"id":110731},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110734,110735],{},"The result includes:",[30,110737,110738,110741],{},[33,110739,110740],{},"items only in the first set",[33,110742,110743],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110745,110746,110747,11228],{},"The result does ",[46,110748,1014],{},[30,110750,110751],{},[33,110752,110753],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110755,5624],{},[30,110757,110758,110763],{},[33,110759,110760,110761],{},"first set: ",[15,110762,100212],{},[33,110764,110765,110766],{},"second set: ",[15,110767,110768],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110770,4204,110771,110773],{},[15,110772,2210],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110775,110776],{},"The output is:",[56,110778,110779],{"className":58,"code":110706,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,110780,110781],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110782,110783,110785,110787,110789,110791,110793,110795,110797,110799],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110784,218],{"class":79},[65,110786,3135],{"class":96},[65,110788,100],{"class":79},[65,110790,113],{"class":96},[65,110792,100],{"class":79},[65,110794,2602],{"class":96},[65,110796,100],{"class":79},[65,110798,4762],{"class":96},[65,110800,130],{"class":79},[20,110802,110803],{},"Also remember:",[30,110805,110806,110809],{},[33,110807,110808],{},"sets are unordered",[33,110810,110811],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[51,110813,506],{"id":505},[20,110815,110816],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[56,110818,110820],{"className":58,"code":110819,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110821,110822,110854,110878,110882,110900,110904],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110823,110824,110826,110828,110830,110832,110834,110836,110838,110840,110842,110844,110846,110848,110850,110852],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110825,106955],{"class":71},[65,110827,76],{"class":75},[65,110829,80],{"class":79},[65,110831,84],{"class":83},[65,110833,13223],{"class":87},[65,110835,84],{"class":83},[65,110837,100],{"class":79},[65,110839,103],{"class":83},[65,110841,13240],{"class":87},[65,110843,84],{"class":83},[65,110845,100],{"class":79},[65,110847,103],{"class":83},[65,110849,17570],{"class":87},[65,110851,84],{"class":83},[65,110853,130],{"class":79},[65,110855,110856,110858,110860,110862,110864,110866,110868,110870,110872,110874,110876],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,110857,106988],{"class":71},[65,110859,76],{"class":75},[65,110861,80],{"class":79},[65,110863,84],{"class":83},[65,110865,17570],{"class":87},[65,110867,84],{"class":83},[65,110869,100],{"class":79},[65,110871,103],{"class":83},[65,110873,22631],{"class":87},[65,110875,84],{"class":83},[65,110877,130],{"class":79},[65,110879,110880],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,110881,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,110883,110884,110886,110888,110890,110892,110894,110896,110898],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,110885,401],{"class":71},[65,110887,76],{"class":75},[65,110889,107030],{"class":71},[65,110891,144],{"class":79},[65,110893,110525],{"class":147},[65,110895,168],{"class":79},[65,110897,107039],{"class":147},[65,110899,174],{"class":79},[65,110901,110902],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,110903,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,110905,110906,110908,110910,110912],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,110907,165],{"class":164},[65,110909,168],{"class":79},[65,110911,425],{"class":147},[65,110913,174],{"class":79},[20,110915,191],{},[56,110917,110919],{"className":58,"code":110918,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110920,110921],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,110922,110923,110925,110927,110929,110931,110933,110935,110937,110939,110941,110943,110945,110947],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,110924,218],{"class":79},[65,110926,203],{"class":83},[65,110928,13223],{"class":87},[65,110930,203],{"class":83},[65,110932,100],{"class":79},[65,110934,233],{"class":83},[65,110936,13240],{"class":87},[65,110938,203],{"class":83},[65,110940,100],{"class":79},[65,110942,233],{"class":83},[65,110944,22631],{"class":87},[65,110946,203],{"class":83},[65,110948,130],{"class":79},[20,110950,13538],{},[30,110952,110953,110958,110969],{},[33,110954,110955,110957],{},[15,110956,96423],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[33,110959,110960,1048,110962,110965,110966,110968],{},[15,110961,65319],{},[15,110963,110964],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110967,107092],{},", so they stay",[33,110970,110971,110973,110974,110976],{},[15,110972,109731],{}," is only in ",[15,110975,107039],{},", so it stays",[51,110978,110980,10729,110982],{"id":110979},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110981,110435],{},[15,110983,100344],{},[20,110985,110986],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110988,110989,93],{},[15,110990,100344],{},[30,110992,110993,110996],{},[33,110994,110995],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[33,110997,110998],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111000,111001,93],{},[15,111002,110435],{},[30,111004,111005,111008],{},[33,111006,111007],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[33,111009,111010],{},"removes shared items",[20,111012,350],{},[56,111014,111016],{"className":58,"code":111015,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111017,111018,111038,111058,111062,111083],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,111019,111020,111022,111024,111026,111028,111030,111032,111034,111036],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,111021,2700],{"class":71},[65,111023,76],{"class":75},[65,111025,80],{"class":79},[65,111027,3135],{"class":96},[65,111029,100],{"class":79},[65,111031,113],{"class":96},[65,111033,100],{"class":79},[65,111035,127],{"class":96},[65,111037,130],{"class":79},[65,111039,111040,111042,111044,111046,111048,111050,111052,111054,111056],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,111041,2728],{"class":71},[65,111043,76],{"class":75},[65,111045,80],{"class":79},[65,111047,2210],{"class":96},[65,111049,100],{"class":79},[65,111051,2602],{"class":96},[65,111053,100],{"class":79},[65,111055,4762],{"class":96},[65,111057,130],{"class":79},[65,111059,111060],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,111061,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,111063,111064,111066,111068,111070,111072,111074,111076,111078,111080],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,111065,165],{"class":164},[65,111067,168],{"class":79},[65,111069,88],{"class":147},[65,111071,144],{"class":79},[65,111073,2958],{"class":147},[65,111075,168],{"class":79},[65,111077,106],{"class":147},[65,111079,5513],{"class":79},[65,111081,111082],{"class":3816},"            # {1, 2}\n",[65,111084,111085,111087,111089,111091,111093,111095,111097,111099,111101],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,111086,165],{"class":164},[65,111088,168],{"class":79},[65,111090,88],{"class":147},[65,111092,144],{"class":79},[65,111094,110525],{"class":147},[65,111096,168],{"class":79},[65,111098,106],{"class":147},[65,111100,5513],{"class":79},[65,111102,110544],{"class":3816},[20,111104,18810],{},[30,111106,111107,111114],{},[33,111108,111109,111113],{},[88,111110,111111],{"href":102770},[15,111112,100344],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[33,111115,111116,111118],{},[15,111117,110435],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[51,111120,111122,10729,111124],{"id":111121},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111123,110435],{},[15,111125,102729],{},[20,111127,111128,111130],{},[15,111129,102729],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111132,111133,111135],{},[15,111134,110435],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111137,350],{},[56,111139,111141],{"className":58,"code":111140,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111142,111143,111163,111183,111187,111209],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,111144,111145,111147,111149,111151,111153,111155,111157,111159,111161],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,111146,2700],{"class":71},[65,111148,76],{"class":75},[65,111150,80],{"class":79},[65,111152,3135],{"class":96},[65,111154,100],{"class":79},[65,111156,113],{"class":96},[65,111158,100],{"class":79},[65,111160,127],{"class":96},[65,111162,130],{"class":79},[65,111164,111165,111167,111169,111171,111173,111175,111177,111179,111181],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,111166,2728],{"class":71},[65,111168,76],{"class":75},[65,111170,80],{"class":79},[65,111172,2210],{"class":96},[65,111174,100],{"class":79},[65,111176,2602],{"class":96},[65,111178,100],{"class":79},[65,111180,4762],{"class":96},[65,111182,130],{"class":79},[65,111184,111185],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,111186,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,111188,111189,111191,111193,111195,111197,111200,111202,111204,111206],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,111190,165],{"class":164},[65,111192,168],{"class":79},[65,111194,88],{"class":147},[65,111196,144],{"class":79},[65,111198,111199],{"class":147},"union",[65,111201,168],{"class":79},[65,111203,106],{"class":147},[65,111205,5513],{"class":79},[65,111207,111208],{"class":3816},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[65,111210,111211,111213,111215,111217,111219,111221,111223,111225,111227],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,111212,165],{"class":164},[65,111214,168],{"class":79},[65,111216,88],{"class":147},[65,111218,144],{"class":79},[65,111220,110525],{"class":147},[65,111222,168],{"class":79},[65,111224,106],{"class":147},[65,111226,5513],{"class":79},[65,111228,110544],{"class":3816},[20,111230,27326],{},[30,111232,111233,111238],{},[33,111234,111235,111237],{},[15,111236,102729],{}," includes everything",[33,111239,111240,111242],{},[15,111241,110435],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111244,18810],{},[30,111246,111247,111254],{},[33,111248,111249,111253],{},[88,111250,111251],{"href":107660},[15,111252,102729],{}," when overlap does not matter",[33,111255,111256,111258],{},[15,111257,110435],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[51,111260,36528,111262,101528],{"id":111261},"using-the-operator",[15,111263,111264],{},"^",[20,111266,111267,111268,111270,111271,144],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111269,111264],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111272,110435],{},[20,111274,350],{},[56,111276,111278],{"className":58,"code":111277,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111279,111280,111300,111320,111324,111342],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,111281,111282,111284,111286,111288,111290,111292,111294,111296,111298],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,111283,110631],{"class":71},[65,111285,76],{"class":75},[65,111287,80],{"class":79},[65,111289,3135],{"class":96},[65,111291,100],{"class":79},[65,111293,113],{"class":96},[65,111295,100],{"class":79},[65,111297,127],{"class":96},[65,111299,130],{"class":79},[65,111301,111302,111304,111306,111308,111310,111312,111314,111316,111318],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,111303,110652],{"class":71},[65,111305,76],{"class":75},[65,111307,80],{"class":79},[65,111309,2210],{"class":96},[65,111311,100],{"class":79},[65,111313,2602],{"class":96},[65,111315,100],{"class":79},[65,111317,4762],{"class":96},[65,111319,130],{"class":79},[65,111321,111322],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,111323,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,111325,111326,111328,111330,111332,111334,111336,111338,111340],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,111327,165],{"class":164},[65,111329,168],{"class":79},[65,111331,100515],{"class":147},[65,111333,144],{"class":79},[65,111335,110525],{"class":147},[65,111337,168],{"class":79},[65,111339,100524],{"class":147},[65,111341,1870],{"class":79},[65,111343,111344,111346,111348,111350,111352,111355],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,111345,165],{"class":164},[65,111347,168],{"class":79},[65,111349,110631],{"class":147},[65,111351,111264],{"class":75},[65,111353,111354],{"class":147}," set2",[65,111356,174],{"class":79},[20,111358,1725],{},[56,111360,111362],{"className":58,"code":111361,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111363,111364,111384],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,111365,111366,111368,111370,111372,111374,111376,111378,111380,111382],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,111367,218],{"class":79},[65,111369,3135],{"class":96},[65,111371,100],{"class":79},[65,111373,113],{"class":96},[65,111375,100],{"class":79},[65,111377,2602],{"class":96},[65,111379,100],{"class":79},[65,111381,4762],{"class":96},[65,111383,130],{"class":79},[65,111385,111386,111388,111390,111392,111394,111396,111398,111400,111402],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,111387,218],{"class":79},[65,111389,3135],{"class":96},[65,111391,100],{"class":79},[65,111393,113],{"class":96},[65,111395,100],{"class":79},[65,111397,2602],{"class":96},[65,111399,100],{"class":79},[65,111401,4762],{"class":96},[65,111403,130],{"class":79},[20,111405,111406],{},"Both forms:",[30,111408,111409,111412],{},[33,111410,111411],{},"return a new set",[33,111413,111414],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111416,111417],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[51,111419,4675],{"id":4674},[20,111421,21327,111422,93],{},[15,111423,110435],{},[30,111425,111426,111434,111444,111459],{},[33,111427,111428,111431,111433],{},[46,111429,111430],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9990,111432],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[33,111435,111436,111439,111441,111443],{},[46,111437,111438],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9990,111440],{},[15,111442,110435],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[33,111445,111446,111451,111453,111455,111456,111458],{},[46,111447,111448,111449],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111450,100344],{},[9990,111452],{},[15,111454,100344],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111457,110435],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[33,111460,111461,111464,111466],{},[46,111462,111463],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9990,111465],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111468,58787],{},[30,111470,111471,111480,111483,111486],{},[33,111472,50414,111473,44550,111475,111479],{},[15,111474,110435],{},[88,111476,111477],{"href":107660},[15,111478,102729],{}," is actually needed",[33,111481,111482],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[33,111484,111485],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[33,111487,111488],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111490,111491,111492,144],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[88,111493,99008],{"href":105273},[20,111495,62221],{},[56,111497,111499],{"className":58,"code":111498,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111500,111501,111511,111521,111539,111553,111567],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,111502,111503,111505,111507,111509],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,111504,165],{"class":164},[65,111506,168],{"class":79},[65,111508,100515],{"class":147},[65,111510,174],{"class":79},[65,111512,111513,111515,111517,111519],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,111514,165],{"class":164},[65,111516,168],{"class":79},[65,111518,100524],{"class":147},[65,111520,174],{"class":79},[65,111522,111523,111525,111527,111529,111531,111533,111535,111537],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,111524,165],{"class":164},[65,111526,168],{"class":79},[65,111528,100515],{"class":147},[65,111530,144],{"class":79},[65,111532,110525],{"class":147},[65,111534,168],{"class":79},[65,111536,100524],{"class":147},[65,111538,1870],{"class":79},[65,111540,111541,111543,111545,111547,111549,111551],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,111542,165],{"class":164},[65,111544,168],{"class":79},[65,111546,110631],{"class":147},[65,111548,111264],{"class":75},[65,111550,111354],{"class":147},[65,111552,174],{"class":79},[65,111554,111555,111557,111559,111561,111563,111565],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,111556,165],{"class":164},[65,111558,168],{"class":79},[65,111560,3370],{"class":1368},[65,111562,168],{"class":79},[65,111564,100515],{"class":147},[65,111566,1870],{"class":79},[65,111568,111569,111571,111573,111575,111577,111579],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,111570,165],{"class":164},[65,111572,168],{"class":79},[65,111574,3370],{"class":1368},[65,111576,168],{"class":79},[65,111578,100524],{"class":147},[65,111580,1870],{"class":79},[51,111582,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,111584,1966,111586,102669],{"id":111585},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111587,110435],{},[20,111589,102672],{},[1059,111591,5330,111593,1048,111595,2637],{"id":111592},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111594,110435],{},[15,111596,100344],{},[20,111598,111599,111601,111602,111604],{},[15,111600,100344],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111603,110435],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1059,111606,28432,111608,111610],{"id":111607},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111609,110435],{}," with lists?",[20,111612,111613],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111615,350],{},[56,111617,111619],{"className":58,"code":111618,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111620,111621,111641,111661,111665,111692],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,111622,111623,111625,111627,111629,111631,111633,111635,111637,111639],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,111624,80585],{"class":71},[65,111626,76],{"class":75},[65,111628,3773],{"class":79},[65,111630,3135],{"class":96},[65,111632,100],{"class":79},[65,111634,113],{"class":96},[65,111636,100],{"class":79},[65,111638,127],{"class":96},[65,111640,3786],{"class":79},[65,111642,111643,111645,111647,111649,111651,111653,111655,111657,111659],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,111644,80606],{"class":71},[65,111646,76],{"class":75},[65,111648,3773],{"class":79},[65,111650,2210],{"class":96},[65,111652,100],{"class":79},[65,111654,2602],{"class":96},[65,111656,100],{"class":79},[65,111658,4762],{"class":96},[65,111660,3786],{"class":79},[65,111662,111663],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,111664,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,111666,111667,111669,111671,111673,111675,111678,111680,111682,111684,111686,111688,111690],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,111668,401],{"class":71},[65,111670,76],{"class":75},[65,111672,15755],{"class":1368},[65,111674,168],{"class":79},[65,111676,111677],{"class":147},"list1",[65,111679,8782],{"class":79},[65,111681,110525],{"class":147},[65,111683,168],{"class":79},[65,111685,6440],{"class":1368},[65,111687,168],{"class":79},[65,111689,80872],{"class":147},[65,111691,1870],{"class":79},[65,111693,111694,111696,111698,111700],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,111695,165],{"class":164},[65,111697,168],{"class":79},[65,111699,425],{"class":147},[65,111701,174],{"class":79},[20,111703,191],{},[56,111705,111706],{"className":58,"code":110706,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,111707,111708],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,111709,111710,111712,111714,111716,111718,111720,111722,111724,111726],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,111711,218],{"class":79},[65,111713,3135],{"class":96},[65,111715,100],{"class":79},[65,111717,113],{"class":96},[65,111719,100],{"class":79},[65,111721,2602],{"class":96},[65,111723,100],{"class":79},[65,111725,4762],{"class":96},[65,111727,130],{"class":79},[1059,111729,111731],{"id":111730},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111733,111734],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[51,111736,2015],{"id":2014},[30,111738,111739,111743,111748,111754,111760],{},[33,111740,111741],{},[88,111742,96258],{"href":96257},[33,111744,111745],{},[88,111746,111747],{"href":96261},"Creating a set in Python",[33,111749,111750],{},[88,111751,96744,111752,10885],{"href":102770},[15,111753,100344],{},[33,111755,111756],{},[88,111757,96744,111758,10885],{"href":107660},[15,111759,102729],{},[33,111761,111762],{},[88,111763,100274],{"href":105273},[20,111765,111766,111767,1028,111769,1035,111771,111773],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111768,100344],{},[15,111770,102729],{},[15,111772,110435],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2071,111775,57166],{},{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":111777},[111778,111779,111781,111782,111783,111784,111786,111788,111790,111791,111800],{"id":3757,"depth":133,"text":3758},{"id":110550,"depth":133,"text":111780},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":110731,"depth":133,"text":110732},{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506},{"id":110979,"depth":133,"text":111785},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111121,"depth":133,"text":111787},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111261,"depth":133,"text":111789},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":111792},[111793,111795,111797,111799],{"id":111585,"depth":154,"text":111794},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111592,"depth":154,"text":111796},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111607,"depth":154,"text":111798},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111730,"depth":154,"text":111731},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110427,"description":111801},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111808,"title":111809,"body":111810,"description":113873,"extension":2111,"meta":113874,"navigation":157,"path":107660,"seo":113875,"stem":113876,"__hash__":113877},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111811,"toc":113832},[111812,111817,111822,111825,111838,111840,111922,111927,111932,111936,111948,111951,111955,111957,111984,111986,111997,112000,112069,112071,112077,112080,112090,112092,112181,112186,112188,112195,112198,112200,112203,112323,112325,112394,112397,112414,112419,112422,112538,112540,112569,112572,112578,112583,112587,112668,112670,112698,112703,112707,112802,112804,112845,112849,112852,112919,112921,112962,112968,112983,112990,112997,113001,113007,113093,113097,113105,113176,113181,113188,113190,113196,113198,113263,113265,113281,113286,113289,113358,113362,113365,113424,113427,113431,113484,113497,113500,113553,113557,113559,113590,113593,113598,113651,113655,113658,113679,113691,113693,113746,113748,113753,113755,113761,113764,113770,113775,113779,113782,113790,113799,113801,113829],[10,111813,3724,111815,18],{"id":111814},"python-setunion-method",[15,111816,107973],{},[20,111818,111819,111821],{},[15,111820,107973],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111823,111824],{},"It is useful when you want:",[30,111826,111827,111830,111835],{},[33,111828,111829],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[33,111831,2700,111832,111834],{},[46,111833,100699],{}," as the result",[33,111836,111837],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[51,111839,54],{"id":53},[56,111841,111843],{"className":58,"code":111842,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111844,111845,111865,111885,111889,111907,111917],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,111846,111847,111849,111851,111853,111855,111857,111859,111861,111863],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,111848,110631],{"class":71},[65,111850,76],{"class":75},[65,111852,80],{"class":79},[65,111854,3135],{"class":96},[65,111856,100],{"class":79},[65,111858,113],{"class":96},[65,111860,100],{"class":79},[65,111862,127],{"class":96},[65,111864,130],{"class":79},[65,111866,111867,111869,111871,111873,111875,111877,111879,111881,111883],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,111868,110652],{"class":71},[65,111870,76],{"class":75},[65,111872,80],{"class":79},[65,111874,2210],{"class":96},[65,111876,100],{"class":79},[65,111878,2602],{"class":96},[65,111880,100],{"class":79},[65,111882,4762],{"class":96},[65,111884,130],{"class":79},[65,111886,111887],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,111888,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,111890,111891,111893,111895,111897,111899,111901,111903,111905],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,111892,401],{"class":71},[65,111894,76],{"class":75},[65,111896,110681],{"class":71},[65,111898,144],{"class":79},[65,111900,111199],{"class":147},[65,111902,168],{"class":79},[65,111904,100524],{"class":147},[65,111906,174],{"class":79},[65,111908,111909,111911,111913,111915],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,111910,165],{"class":164},[65,111912,168],{"class":79},[65,111914,425],{"class":147},[65,111916,174],{"class":79},[65,111918,111919],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,111920,111921],{"class":3816},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111923,111924,111926],{},[15,111925,102729],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[51,111928,252,111930,255],{"id":111929},"what-setunion-does",[15,111931,107973],{},[20,111933,111934,93],{},[15,111935,107973],{},[30,111937,111938,111941,111944,111946],{},[33,111939,111940],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[33,111942,111943],{},"keeps only unique values",[33,111945,110561],{},[33,111947,110570],{},[20,111949,111950],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111952,96254,111953,144],{},[88,111954,96258],{"href":97429},[51,111956,283],{"id":282},[56,111958,111960],{"className":58,"code":111959,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111961,111962],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,111963,111964,111966,111968,111970,111972,111974,111976,111978,111980,111982],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,111965,100515],{"class":71},[65,111967,144],{"class":79},[65,111969,111199],{"class":147},[65,111971,168],{"class":79},[65,111973,100524],{"class":147},[65,111975,100],{"class":79},[65,111977,100551],{"class":147},[65,111979,100],{"class":79},[65,111981,34366],{"class":164},[65,111983,174],{"class":79},[20,111985,13182],{},[30,111987,111988,111991,111994],{},[33,111989,111990],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[33,111992,111993],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[33,111995,111996],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111998,111999],{},"Example with two sets:",[56,112001,112003],{"className":58,"code":112002,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112004,112005,112021,112037,112041,112059],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112006,112007,112009,112011,112013,112015,112017,112019],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112008,2700],{"class":71},[65,112010,76],{"class":75},[65,112012,80],{"class":79},[65,112014,3135],{"class":96},[65,112016,100],{"class":79},[65,112018,113],{"class":96},[65,112020,130],{"class":79},[65,112022,112023,112025,112027,112029,112031,112033,112035],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,112024,2728],{"class":71},[65,112026,76],{"class":75},[65,112028,80],{"class":79},[65,112030,2204],{"class":96},[65,112032,100],{"class":79},[65,112034,127],{"class":96},[65,112036,130],{"class":79},[65,112038,112039],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,112040,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,112042,112043,112045,112047,112049,112051,112053,112055,112057],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,112044,401],{"class":71},[65,112046,76],{"class":75},[65,112048,56812],{"class":71},[65,112050,144],{"class":79},[65,112052,111199],{"class":147},[65,112054,168],{"class":79},[65,112056,106],{"class":147},[65,112058,174],{"class":79},[65,112060,112061,112063,112065,112067],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,112062,165],{"class":164},[65,112064,168],{"class":79},[65,112066,425],{"class":147},[65,112068,174],{"class":79},[51,112070,22082],{"id":22081},[20,112072,112073,100696,112075,144],{},[15,112074,107973],{},[46,112076,100699],{},[20,112078,112079],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[30,112081,112082,112085],{},[33,112083,112084],{},"the original set",[33,112086,112087,112088],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112089,102729],{},[20,112091,350],{},[56,112093,112095],{"className":58,"code":112094,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112096,112097,112113,112129,112133,112151,112155,112168],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112098,112099,112101,112103,112105,112107,112109,112111],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112100,2700],{"class":71},[65,112102,76],{"class":75},[65,112104,80],{"class":79},[65,112106,3135],{"class":96},[65,112108,100],{"class":79},[65,112110,113],{"class":96},[65,112112,130],{"class":79},[65,112114,112115,112117,112119,112121,112123,112125,112127],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,112116,2728],{"class":71},[65,112118,76],{"class":75},[65,112120,80],{"class":79},[65,112122,2204],{"class":96},[65,112124,100],{"class":79},[65,112126,127],{"class":96},[65,112128,130],{"class":79},[65,112130,112131],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,112132,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,112134,112135,112137,112139,112141,112143,112145,112147,112149],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,112136,401],{"class":71},[65,112138,76],{"class":75},[65,112140,56812],{"class":71},[65,112142,144],{"class":79},[65,112144,111199],{"class":147},[65,112146,168],{"class":79},[65,112148,106],{"class":147},[65,112150,174],{"class":79},[65,112152,112153],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,112154,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,112156,112157,112159,112161,112163,112165],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,112158,165],{"class":164},[65,112160,168],{"class":79},[65,112162,425],{"class":147},[65,112164,3813],{"class":79},[65,112166,112167],{"class":3816},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[65,112169,112170,112172,112174,112176,112178],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,112171,165],{"class":164},[65,112173,168],{"class":79},[65,112175,88],{"class":147},[65,112177,3813],{"class":79},[65,112179,112180],{"class":3816},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112182,2431,112183,112185],{},[15,112184,88],{}," did not change.",[20,112187,110803],{},[30,112189,112190,112192],{},[33,112191,110808],{},[33,112193,112194],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112196,112197],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[51,112199,506],{"id":505},[20,112201,112202],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[56,112204,112206],{"className":58,"code":112205,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112207,112208,112241,112274,112278,112298,112302,112312],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112209,112210,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227,112229,112231,112233,112235,112237,112239],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112211,112212],{"class":71},"fruits1 ",[65,112214,76],{"class":75},[65,112216,80],{"class":79},[65,112218,84],{"class":83},[65,112220,4234],{"class":87},[65,112222,84],{"class":83},[65,112224,100],{"class":79},[65,112226,103],{"class":83},[65,112228,4243],{"class":87},[65,112230,84],{"class":83},[65,112232,100],{"class":79},[65,112234,103],{"class":83},[65,112236,33132],{"class":87},[65,112238,84],{"class":83},[65,112240,130],{"class":79},[65,112242,112243,112246,112248,112250,112252,112254,112256,112258,112260,112262,112264,112266,112268,112270,112272],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,112244,112245],{"class":71},"fruits2 ",[65,112247,76],{"class":75},[65,112249,80],{"class":79},[65,112251,84],{"class":83},[65,112253,4243],{"class":87},[65,112255,84],{"class":83},[65,112257,100],{"class":79},[65,112259,103],{"class":83},[65,112261,22640],{"class":87},[65,112263,84],{"class":83},[65,112265,100],{"class":79},[65,112267,103],{"class":83},[65,112269,33132],{"class":87},[65,112271,84],{"class":83},[65,112273,130],{"class":79},[65,112275,112276],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,112277,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,112279,112280,112282,112284,112287,112289,112291,112293,112296],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,112281,401],{"class":71},[65,112283,76],{"class":75},[65,112285,112286],{"class":71}," fruits1",[65,112288,144],{"class":79},[65,112290,111199],{"class":147},[65,112292,168],{"class":79},[65,112294,112295],{"class":147},"fruits2",[65,112297,174],{"class":79},[65,112299,112300],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,112301,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,112303,112304,112306,112308,112310],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,112305,165],{"class":164},[65,112307,168],{"class":79},[65,112309,425],{"class":147},[65,112311,174],{"class":79},[65,112313,112314,112316,112318,112321],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,112315,165],{"class":164},[65,112317,168],{"class":79},[65,112319,112320],{"class":147},"fruits1",[65,112322,174],{"class":79},[20,112324,1725],{},[56,112326,112328],{"className":58,"code":112327,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112329,112330,112366],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112331,112332,112334,112336,112338,112340,112342,112344,112346,112348,112350,112352,112354,112356,112358,112360,112362,112364],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112333,218],{"class":79},[65,112335,203],{"class":83},[65,112337,4243],{"class":87},[65,112339,203],{"class":83},[65,112341,100],{"class":79},[65,112343,233],{"class":83},[65,112345,33132],{"class":87},[65,112347,203],{"class":83},[65,112349,100],{"class":79},[65,112351,233],{"class":83},[65,112353,4234],{"class":87},[65,112355,203],{"class":83},[65,112357,100],{"class":79},[65,112359,233],{"class":83},[65,112361,22640],{"class":87},[65,112363,203],{"class":83},[65,112365,130],{"class":79},[65,112367,112368,112370,112372,112374,112376,112378,112380,112382,112384,112386,112388,112390,112392],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,112369,218],{"class":79},[65,112371,203],{"class":83},[65,112373,4243],{"class":87},[65,112375,203],{"class":83},[65,112377,100],{"class":79},[65,112379,233],{"class":83},[65,112381,33132],{"class":87},[65,112383,203],{"class":83},[65,112385,100],{"class":79},[65,112387,233],{"class":83},[65,112389,4234],{"class":87},[65,112391,203],{"class":83},[65,112393,130],{"class":79},[20,112395,112396],{},"What this shows:",[30,112398,112399,112406,112409],{},[33,112400,112401,1048,112403,112405],{},[15,112402,65201],{},[15,112404,65628],{}," appear in both sets",[33,112407,112408],{},"they appear only once in the result",[33,112410,112411,112413],{},[15,112412,112320],{}," stays unchanged",[51,112415,8569,112417,101088],{"id":112416},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112418,102729],{},[20,112420,112421],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[56,112423,112425],{"className":58,"code":112424,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112426,112427,112443,112459,112476,112493,112497,112524,112528],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112428,112429,112431,112433,112435,112437,112439,112441],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112430,110631],{"class":71},[65,112432,76],{"class":75},[65,112434,80],{"class":79},[65,112436,3135],{"class":96},[65,112438,100],{"class":79},[65,112440,113],{"class":96},[65,112442,130],{"class":79},[65,112444,112445,112447,112449,112451,112453,112455,112457],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,112446,110652],{"class":71},[65,112448,76],{"class":75},[65,112450,80],{"class":79},[65,112452,2204],{"class":96},[65,112454,100],{"class":79},[65,112456,127],{"class":96},[65,112458,130],{"class":79},[65,112460,112461,112464,112466,112468,112470,112472,112474],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,112462,112463],{"class":71},"set3 ",[65,112465,76],{"class":75},[65,112467,80],{"class":79},[65,112469,2210],{"class":96},[65,112471,100],{"class":79},[65,112473,2602],{"class":96},[65,112475,130],{"class":79},[65,112477,112478,112481,112483,112485,112487,112489,112491],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,112479,112480],{"class":71},"set4 ",[65,112482,76],{"class":75},[65,112484,80],{"class":79},[65,112486,2650],{"class":96},[65,112488,100],{"class":79},[65,112490,4762],{"class":96},[65,112492,130],{"class":79},[65,112494,112495],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,112496,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,112498,112499,112501,112503,112505,112507,112509,112511,112513,112515,112517,112519,112522],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,112500,401],{"class":71},[65,112502,76],{"class":75},[65,112504,110681],{"class":71},[65,112506,144],{"class":79},[65,112508,111199],{"class":147},[65,112510,168],{"class":79},[65,112512,100524],{"class":147},[65,112514,100],{"class":79},[65,112516,100551],{"class":147},[65,112518,100],{"class":79},[65,112520,112521],{"class":147}," set4",[65,112523,174],{"class":79},[65,112525,112526],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,112527,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,112529,112530,112532,112534,112536],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,112531,165],{"class":164},[65,112533,168],{"class":79},[65,112535,425],{"class":147},[65,112537,174],{"class":79},[20,112539,1725],{},[56,112541,112543],{"className":58,"code":112542,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112544,112545],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112546,112547,112549,112551,112553,112555,112557,112559,112561,112563,112565,112567],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112548,218],{"class":79},[65,112550,3135],{"class":96},[65,112552,100],{"class":79},[65,112554,113],{"class":96},[65,112556,100],{"class":79},[65,112558,127],{"class":96},[65,112560,100],{"class":79},[65,112562,2602],{"class":96},[65,112564,100],{"class":79},[65,112566,4762],{"class":96},[65,112568,130],{"class":79},[20,112570,112571],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[51,112573,8569,112575,112577],{"id":112574},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112576,102729],{}," with other iterables",[20,112579,112580,112582],{},[15,112581,102729],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1059,112584,112586],{"id":112585},"with-a-list","With a list",[56,112588,112590],{"className":58,"code":112589,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112591,112592,112612,112636,112640,112658],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112593,112594,112596,112598,112600,112602,112604,112606,112608,112610],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112595,3768],{"class":71},[65,112597,76],{"class":75},[65,112599,80],{"class":79},[65,112601,3135],{"class":96},[65,112603,100],{"class":79},[65,112605,113],{"class":96},[65,112607,100],{"class":79},[65,112609,127],{"class":96},[65,112611,130],{"class":79},[65,112613,112614,112616,112618,112620,112622,112624,112626,112628,112630,112632,112634],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,112615,60973],{"class":71},[65,112617,76],{"class":75},[65,112619,3773],{"class":79},[65,112621,2210],{"class":96},[65,112623,100],{"class":79},[65,112625,2602],{"class":96},[65,112627,100],{"class":79},[65,112629,4762],{"class":96},[65,112631,100],{"class":79},[65,112633,4762],{"class":96},[65,112635,3786],{"class":79},[65,112637,112638],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,112639,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,112641,112642,112644,112646,112648,112650,112652,112654,112656],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,112643,401],{"class":71},[65,112645,76],{"class":75},[65,112647,4419],{"class":71},[65,112649,144],{"class":79},[65,112651,111199],{"class":147},[65,112653,168],{"class":79},[65,112655,61002],{"class":147},[65,112657,174],{"class":79},[65,112659,112660,112662,112664,112666],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,112661,165],{"class":164},[65,112663,168],{"class":79},[65,112665,425],{"class":147},[65,112667,174],{"class":79},[20,112669,1725],{},[56,112671,112672],{"className":58,"code":112542,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,112673,112674],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112675,112676,112678,112680,112682,112684,112686,112688,112690,112692,112694,112696],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112677,218],{"class":79},[65,112679,3135],{"class":96},[65,112681,100],{"class":79},[65,112683,113],{"class":96},[65,112685,100],{"class":79},[65,112687,127],{"class":96},[65,112689,100],{"class":79},[65,112691,2602],{"class":96},[65,112693,100],{"class":79},[65,112695,4762],{"class":96},[65,112697,130],{"class":79},[20,112699,21093,112700,112702],{},[15,112701,2284],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1059,112704,112706],{"id":112705},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[56,112708,112710],{"className":58,"code":112709,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112711,112712,112736,112769,112773,112792],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112713,112714,112716,112718,112720,112722,112724,112726,112728,112730,112732,112734],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112715,36005],{"class":71},[65,112717,76],{"class":75},[65,112719,80],{"class":79},[65,112721,84],{"class":83},[65,112723,88],{"class":87},[65,112725,84],{"class":83},[65,112727,100],{"class":79},[65,112729,103],{"class":83},[65,112731,106],{"class":87},[65,112733,84],{"class":83},[65,112735,130],{"class":79},[65,112737,112738,112741,112743,112745,112747,112749,112751,112753,112755,112757,112759,112761,112763,112765,112767],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,112739,112740],{"class":71},"more_letters ",[65,112742,76],{"class":75},[65,112744,648],{"class":79},[65,112746,84],{"class":83},[65,112748,106],{"class":87},[65,112750,84],{"class":83},[65,112752,100],{"class":79},[65,112754,103],{"class":83},[65,112756,120],{"class":87},[65,112758,84],{"class":83},[65,112760,100],{"class":79},[65,112762,103],{"class":83},[65,112764,18883],{"class":87},[65,112766,84],{"class":83},[65,112768,174],{"class":79},[65,112770,112771],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,112772,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,112774,112775,112777,112779,112781,112783,112785,112787,112790],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,112776,401],{"class":71},[65,112778,76],{"class":75},[65,112780,70023],{"class":71},[65,112782,144],{"class":79},[65,112784,111199],{"class":147},[65,112786,168],{"class":79},[65,112788,112789],{"class":147},"more_letters",[65,112791,174],{"class":79},[65,112793,112794,112796,112798,112800],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,112795,165],{"class":164},[65,112797,168],{"class":79},[65,112799,425],{"class":147},[65,112801,174],{"class":79},[20,112803,1725],{},[56,112805,112807],{"className":58,"code":112806,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112808,112809],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112810,112811,112813,112815,112817,112819,112821,112823,112825,112827,112829,112831,112833,112835,112837,112839,112841,112843],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112812,218],{"class":79},[65,112814,203],{"class":83},[65,112816,88],{"class":87},[65,112818,203],{"class":83},[65,112820,100],{"class":79},[65,112822,233],{"class":83},[65,112824,106],{"class":87},[65,112826,203],{"class":83},[65,112828,100],{"class":79},[65,112830,233],{"class":83},[65,112832,120],{"class":87},[65,112834,203],{"class":83},[65,112836,100],{"class":79},[65,112838,233],{"class":83},[65,112840,18883],{"class":87},[65,112842,203],{"class":83},[65,112844,130],{"class":79},[1059,112846,112848],{"id":112847},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112850,112851],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[56,112853,112855],{"className":58,"code":112854,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112856,112857,112882,112905,112909],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112858,112859,112862,112864,112866,112868,112870,112872,112874,112876,112878,112880],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112860,112861],{"class":71},"chars ",[65,112863,76],{"class":75},[65,112865,80],{"class":79},[65,112867,84],{"class":83},[65,112869,88],{"class":87},[65,112871,84],{"class":83},[65,112873,100],{"class":79},[65,112875,103],{"class":83},[65,112877,106],{"class":87},[65,112879,84],{"class":83},[65,112881,130],{"class":79},[65,112883,112884,112886,112888,112891,112893,112895,112897,112899,112901,112903],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,112885,401],{"class":71},[65,112887,76],{"class":75},[65,112889,112890],{"class":71}," chars",[65,112892,144],{"class":79},[65,112894,111199],{"class":147},[65,112896,168],{"class":79},[65,112898,84],{"class":83},[65,112900,36963],{"class":87},[65,112902,84],{"class":83},[65,112904,174],{"class":79},[65,112906,112907],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,112908,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,112910,112911,112913,112915,112917],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,112912,165],{"class":164},[65,112914,168],{"class":79},[65,112916,425],{"class":147},[65,112918,174],{"class":79},[20,112920,1725],{},[56,112922,112924],{"className":58,"code":112923,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112925,112926],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,112927,112928,112930,112932,112934,112936,112938,112940,112942,112944,112946,112948,112950,112952,112954,112956,112958,112960],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,112929,218],{"class":79},[65,112931,203],{"class":83},[65,112933,88],{"class":87},[65,112935,203],{"class":83},[65,112937,100],{"class":79},[65,112939,233],{"class":83},[65,112941,106],{"class":87},[65,112943,203],{"class":83},[65,112945,100],{"class":79},[65,112947,233],{"class":83},[65,112949,120],{"class":87},[65,112951,203],{"class":83},[65,112953,100],{"class":79},[65,112955,233],{"class":83},[65,112957,63213],{"class":87},[65,112959,203],{"class":83},[65,112961,130],{"class":79},[20,112963,22299,112964,112967],{},[15,112965,112966],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[30,112969,112970,112974,112978],{},[33,112971,112972],{},[15,112973,66408],{},[33,112975,112976],{},[15,112977,18211],{},[33,112979,112980],{},[15,112981,112982],{},"\"t\"",[51,112984,112986,10729,112988],{"id":112985},"union-vs-update",[15,112987,102729],{},[15,112989,15080],{},[20,112991,112992,1048,112994,112996],{},[15,112993,102729],{},[15,112995,15080],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1059,112998,112999],{"id":111199},[15,113000,102729],{},[30,113002,113003,113005],{},[33,113004,110561],{},[33,113006,110570],{},[56,113008,113009],{"className":58,"code":112094,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,113010,113011,113027,113043,113047,113065,113069,113081],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113012,113013,113015,113017,113019,113021,113023,113025],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113014,2700],{"class":71},[65,113016,76],{"class":75},[65,113018,80],{"class":79},[65,113020,3135],{"class":96},[65,113022,100],{"class":79},[65,113024,113],{"class":96},[65,113026,130],{"class":79},[65,113028,113029,113031,113033,113035,113037,113039,113041],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,113030,2728],{"class":71},[65,113032,76],{"class":75},[65,113034,80],{"class":79},[65,113036,2204],{"class":96},[65,113038,100],{"class":79},[65,113040,127],{"class":96},[65,113042,130],{"class":79},[65,113044,113045],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,113046,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,113048,113049,113051,113053,113055,113057,113059,113061,113063],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,113050,401],{"class":71},[65,113052,76],{"class":75},[65,113054,56812],{"class":71},[65,113056,144],{"class":79},[65,113058,111199],{"class":147},[65,113060,168],{"class":79},[65,113062,106],{"class":147},[65,113064,174],{"class":79},[65,113066,113067],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,113068,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,113070,113071,113073,113075,113077,113079],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,113072,165],{"class":164},[65,113074,168],{"class":79},[65,113076,425],{"class":147},[65,113078,3813],{"class":79},[65,113080,112167],{"class":3816},[65,113082,113083,113085,113087,113089,113091],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,113084,165],{"class":164},[65,113086,168],{"class":79},[65,113088,88],{"class":147},[65,113090,3813],{"class":79},[65,113092,112180],{"class":3816},[1059,113094,113095],{"id":30374},[15,113096,15080],{},[30,113098,113099,113102],{},[33,113100,113101],{},"changes the existing set in place",[33,113103,113104],{},"does not create a separate result set",[56,113106,113108],{"className":58,"code":113107,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113109,113110,113126,113142,113146,113160,113164],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113111,113112,113114,113116,113118,113120,113122,113124],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113113,2700],{"class":71},[65,113115,76],{"class":75},[65,113117,80],{"class":79},[65,113119,3135],{"class":96},[65,113121,100],{"class":79},[65,113123,113],{"class":96},[65,113125,130],{"class":79},[65,113127,113128,113130,113132,113134,113136,113138,113140],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,113129,2728],{"class":71},[65,113131,76],{"class":75},[65,113133,80],{"class":79},[65,113135,2204],{"class":96},[65,113137,100],{"class":79},[65,113139,127],{"class":96},[65,113141,130],{"class":79},[65,113143,113144],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,113145,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,113147,113148,113150,113152,113154,113156,113158],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,113149,88],{"class":71},[65,113151,144],{"class":79},[65,113153,30374],{"class":147},[65,113155,168],{"class":79},[65,113157,106],{"class":147},[65,113159,174],{"class":79},[65,113161,113162],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,113163,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,113165,113166,113168,113170,113172,113174],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,113167,165],{"class":164},[65,113169,168],{"class":79},[65,113171,88],{"class":147},[65,113173,3813],{"class":79},[65,113175,112167],{"class":3816},[20,113177,1309,113178,113180],{},[15,113179,102729],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113182,113183,113184,144],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[88,113185,3724,113186,10885],{"href":98449},[15,113187,97244],{},[51,113189,4675],{"id":4674},[1059,113191,1792,113193,113195],{"id":113192},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113194,102729],{}," to change the original set",[20,113197,81754],{},[56,113199,113201],{"className":58,"code":113200,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113202,113203,113219,113235,113239,113253],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113204,113205,113207,113209,113211,113213,113215,113217],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113206,2700],{"class":71},[65,113208,76],{"class":75},[65,113210,80],{"class":79},[65,113212,3135],{"class":96},[65,113214,100],{"class":79},[65,113216,113],{"class":96},[65,113218,130],{"class":79},[65,113220,113221,113223,113225,113227,113229,113231,113233],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,113222,2728],{"class":71},[65,113224,76],{"class":75},[65,113226,80],{"class":79},[65,113228,2204],{"class":96},[65,113230,100],{"class":79},[65,113232,127],{"class":96},[65,113234,130],{"class":79},[65,113236,113237],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,113238,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,113240,113241,113243,113245,113247,113249,113251],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,113242,88],{"class":71},[65,113244,144],{"class":79},[65,113246,111199],{"class":147},[65,113248,168],{"class":79},[65,113250,106],{"class":147},[65,113252,174],{"class":79},[65,113254,113255,113257,113259,113261],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,113256,165],{"class":164},[65,113258,168],{"class":79},[65,113260,88],{"class":147},[65,113262,174],{"class":79},[20,113264,191],{},[56,113266,113267],{"className":58,"code":100437,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,113268,113269],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113270,113271,113273,113275,113277,113279],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113272,218],{"class":79},[65,113274,3135],{"class":96},[65,113276,100],{"class":79},[65,113278,113],{"class":96},[65,113280,130],{"class":79},[20,113282,8646,113283,113285],{},[15,113284,102729],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113287,113288],{},"Fix it like this:",[56,113290,113292],{"className":58,"code":113291,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113293,113294,113310,113326,113330,113348],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113295,113296,113298,113300,113302,113304,113306,113308],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113297,2700],{"class":71},[65,113299,76],{"class":75},[65,113301,80],{"class":79},[65,113303,3135],{"class":96},[65,113305,100],{"class":79},[65,113307,113],{"class":96},[65,113309,130],{"class":79},[65,113311,113312,113314,113316,113318,113320,113322,113324],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,113313,2728],{"class":71},[65,113315,76],{"class":75},[65,113317,80],{"class":79},[65,113319,2204],{"class":96},[65,113321,100],{"class":79},[65,113323,127],{"class":96},[65,113325,130],{"class":79},[65,113327,113328],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,113329,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,113331,113332,113334,113336,113338,113340,113342,113344,113346],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,113333,2700],{"class":71},[65,113335,76],{"class":75},[65,113337,56812],{"class":71},[65,113339,144],{"class":79},[65,113341,111199],{"class":147},[65,113343,168],{"class":79},[65,113345,106],{"class":147},[65,113347,174],{"class":79},[65,113349,113350,113352,113354,113356],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,113351,165],{"class":164},[65,113353,168],{"class":79},[65,113355,88],{"class":147},[65,113357,174],{"class":79},[1059,113359,113361],{"id":113360},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113363,113364],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[56,113366,113368],{"className":58,"code":113367,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113369,113370,113386,113402,113406],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113371,113372,113374,113376,113378,113380,113382,113384],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113373,2700],{"class":71},[65,113375,76],{"class":75},[65,113377,80],{"class":79},[65,113379,2210],{"class":96},[65,113381,100],{"class":79},[65,113383,97],{"class":96},[65,113385,130],{"class":79},[65,113387,113388,113390,113392,113394,113396,113398,113400],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,113389,2728],{"class":71},[65,113391,76],{"class":75},[65,113393,80],{"class":79},[65,113395,2204],{"class":96},[65,113397,100],{"class":79},[65,113399,2602],{"class":96},[65,113401,130],{"class":79},[65,113403,113404],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,113405,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,113407,113408,113410,113412,113414,113416,113418,113420,113422],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,113409,165],{"class":164},[65,113411,168],{"class":79},[65,113413,88],{"class":147},[65,113415,144],{"class":79},[65,113417,111199],{"class":147},[65,113419,168],{"class":79},[65,113421,106],{"class":147},[65,113423,1870],{"class":79},[20,113425,113426],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1059,113428,113430],{"id":113429},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[56,113432,113434],{"className":58,"code":113433,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113435,113436,113452,113474],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113437,113438,113440,113442,113444,113446,113448,113450],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113439,4225],{"class":71},[65,113441,76],{"class":75},[65,113443,80],{"class":79},[65,113445,84],{"class":83},[65,113447,58052],{"class":87},[65,113449,84],{"class":83},[65,113451,130],{"class":79},[65,113453,113454,113456,113458,113460,113462,113464,113466,113468,113470,113472],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,113455,401],{"class":71},[65,113457,76],{"class":75},[65,113459,6321],{"class":71},[65,113461,144],{"class":79},[65,113463,111199],{"class":147},[65,113465,168],{"class":79},[65,113467,84],{"class":83},[65,113469,36963],{"class":87},[65,113471,84],{"class":83},[65,113473,174],{"class":79},[65,113475,113476,113478,113480,113482],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,113477,165],{"class":164},[65,113479,168],{"class":79},[65,113481,425],{"class":147},[65,113483,174],{"class":79},[20,113485,113486,113487,1028,113489,1035,113491,113493,113494,113496],{},"This adds ",[15,113488,66408],{},[15,113490,18211],{},[15,113492,112982],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113495,112966],{}," as one item.",[20,113498,113499],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[56,113501,113503],{"className":58,"code":113502,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113504,113505,113521,113543],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113506,113507,113509,113511,113513,113515,113517,113519],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113508,4225],{"class":71},[65,113510,76],{"class":75},[65,113512,80],{"class":79},[65,113514,84],{"class":83},[65,113516,58052],{"class":87},[65,113518,84],{"class":83},[65,113520,130],{"class":79},[65,113522,113523,113525,113527,113529,113531,113533,113535,113537,113539,113541],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,113524,401],{"class":71},[65,113526,76],{"class":75},[65,113528,6321],{"class":71},[65,113530,144],{"class":79},[65,113532,111199],{"class":147},[65,113534,3132],{"class":79},[65,113536,84],{"class":83},[65,113538,36963],{"class":87},[65,113540,84],{"class":83},[65,113542,4042],{"class":79},[65,113544,113545,113547,113549,113551],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,113546,165],{"class":164},[65,113548,168],{"class":79},[65,113550,425],{"class":147},[65,113552,174],{"class":79},[1059,113554,113556],{"id":113555},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113558,2982],{},[56,113560,113562],{"className":58,"code":113561,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113563,113564],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113565,113566,113568,113570,113572,113574,113576,113578,113580,113582,113584,113586,113588],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113567,15750],{"class":71},[65,113569,76],{"class":75},[65,113571,80],{"class":79},[65,113573,3135],{"class":96},[65,113575,100],{"class":79},[65,113577,113],{"class":96},[65,113579,100],{"class":79},[65,113581,3773],{"class":79},[65,113583,2210],{"class":96},[65,113585,100],{"class":79},[65,113587,2602],{"class":96},[65,113589,13835],{"class":79},[20,113591,113592],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113594,113595,113596,93],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113597,102729],{},[56,113599,113601],{"className":58,"code":113600,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113602,113603,113619,113641],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113604,113605,113607,113609,113611,113613,113615,113617],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113606,15750],{"class":71},[65,113608,76],{"class":75},[65,113610,80],{"class":79},[65,113612,3135],{"class":96},[65,113614,100],{"class":79},[65,113616,113],{"class":96},[65,113618,130],{"class":79},[65,113620,113621,113623,113625,113627,113629,113631,113633,113635,113637,113639],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,113622,401],{"class":71},[65,113624,76],{"class":75},[65,113626,96854],{"class":71},[65,113628,144],{"class":79},[65,113630,111199],{"class":147},[65,113632,3132],{"class":79},[65,113634,2210],{"class":96},[65,113636,100],{"class":79},[65,113638,2602],{"class":96},[65,113640,4042],{"class":79},[65,113642,113643,113645,113647,113649],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,113644,165],{"class":164},[65,113646,168],{"class":79},[65,113648,425],{"class":147},[65,113650,174],{"class":79},[51,113652,113654],{"id":113653},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113656,113657],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[30,113659,113660,113666,113673,113676],{},[33,113661,113662,113663,113665],{},"call ",[15,113664,102729],{}," without saving the returned set",[33,113667,113668,113669,8855,113671],{},"confuse ",[15,113670,102729],{},[15,113672,15080],{},[33,113674,113675],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[33,113677,113678],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113680,113681,113682,1048,113686,144],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[88,113683,3724,113684,10885],{"href":102718},[15,113685,106503],{},[88,113687,3724,113689,10885],{"href":113688},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113690,100349],{},[20,113692,62221],{},[56,113694,113696],{"className":58,"code":113695,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113697,113698,113708,113722,113732],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113699,113700,113702,113704,113706],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113701,165],{"class":164},[65,113703,168],{"class":79},[65,113705,15788],{"class":147},[65,113707,174],{"class":79},[65,113709,113710,113712,113714,113716,113718,113720],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,113711,165],{"class":164},[65,113713,168],{"class":79},[65,113715,3370],{"class":1368},[65,113717,168],{"class":79},[65,113719,15788],{"class":147},[65,113721,1870],{"class":79},[65,113723,113724,113726,113728,113730],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,113725,165],{"class":164},[65,113727,168],{"class":79},[65,113729,425],{"class":147},[65,113731,174],{"class":79},[65,113733,113734,113736,113738,113740,113742,113744],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,113735,32063],{"class":164},[65,113737,168],{"class":79},[65,113739,6440],{"class":1368},[65,113741,144],{"class":79},[65,113743,111199],{"class":24857},[65,113745,174],{"class":79},[51,113747,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,113749,1966,113751,102669],{"id":113750},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113752,107973],{},[20,113754,102672],{},[1059,113756,5320,113758,113760],{"id":113757},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113759,102729],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113762,113763],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1059,113765,28432,113767,113769],{"id":113766},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113768,102729],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113771,42071,113772,113774],{},[15,113773,102729],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1059,113776,113778],{"id":113777},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113780,113781],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1059,113783,5330,113785,1048,113787,2637],{"id":113784},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113786,102729],{},[15,113788,113789],{},"|",[20,113791,113792,113793,113795,113796,113798],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113794,113789],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113797,102729],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[51,113800,2015],{"id":2014},[30,113802,113803,113807,113813,113819,113825],{},[33,113804,113805],{},[88,113806,96258],{"href":97429},[33,113808,113809],{},[88,113810,3724,113811,10885],{"href":98449},[15,113812,97244],{},[33,113814,113815],{},[88,113816,3724,113817,10885],{"href":102718},[15,113818,106503],{},[33,113820,113821],{},[88,113822,3724,113823,10885],{"href":113688},[15,113824,100349],{},[33,113826,113827],{},[88,113828,100274],{"href":99007},[2071,113830,113831],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":113833},[113834,113835,113837,113838,113839,113840,113842,113848,113853,113860,113861,113872],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":111929,"depth":133,"text":113836},"What set.union() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":22081,"depth":133,"text":22082},{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506},{"id":112416,"depth":133,"text":113841},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112574,"depth":133,"text":113843,"children":113844},"Using union() with other iterables",[113845,113846,113847],{"id":112585,"depth":154,"text":112586},{"id":112705,"depth":154,"text":112706},{"id":112847,"depth":154,"text":112848},{"id":112985,"depth":133,"text":113849,"children":113850},"union() vs update()",[113851,113852],{"id":111199,"depth":154,"text":102729},{"id":30374,"depth":154,"text":15080},{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675,"children":113854},[113855,113857,113858,113859],{"id":113192,"depth":154,"text":113856},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113360,"depth":154,"text":113361},{"id":113429,"depth":154,"text":113430},{"id":113555,"depth":154,"text":113556},{"id":113653,"depth":133,"text":113654},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":113862},[113863,113865,113867,113869,113870],{"id":113750,"depth":154,"text":113864},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113757,"depth":154,"text":113866},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113766,"depth":154,"text":113868},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113777,"depth":154,"text":113778},{"id":113784,"depth":154,"text":113871},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111809,"description":113873},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113879,"title":113880,"body":113881,"description":115770,"extension":2111,"meta":115771,"navigation":157,"path":96743,"seo":115772,"stem":115773,"__hash__":115774},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113882,"toc":115736},[113883,113888,113893,113901,113903,113961,113966,113971,113975,113987,113990,114064,114069,114071,114073,114092,114094,114111,114114,114141,114143,114213,114217,114219,114225,114227,114288,114293,114295,114352,114356,114361,114426,114428,114448,114455,114459,114464,114549,114552,114559,114662,114666,114671,114729,114732,114743,114757,114764,114822,114829,114832,114842,114846,114904,114908,114974,114977,115035,115042,115049,115052,115056,115065,115134,115138,115144,115232,115242,115246,115250,115254,115257,115318,115323,115380,115384,115386,115421,115428,115430,115484,115491,115495,115498,115563,115572,115578,115635,115637,115642,115646,115650,115653,115660,115668,115672,115677,115681,115687,115689,115724,115733],[10,113884,96130,113886,18],{"id":113885},"python-set-update-method",[15,113887,15080],{},[20,113889,113890,113892],{},[15,113891,97244],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113894,113895,113896,113900],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[88,113897,113898],{"href":98430},[15,113899,96138],{},", which adds only one item.",[51,113902,3758],{"id":3757},[56,113904,113906],{"className":58,"code":113905,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113907,113908,113924,113946,113956],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113909,113910,113912,113914,113916,113918,113920,113922],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113911,3768],{"class":71},[65,113913,76],{"class":75},[65,113915,80],{"class":79},[65,113917,3135],{"class":96},[65,113919,100],{"class":79},[65,113921,113],{"class":96},[65,113923,130],{"class":79},[65,113925,113926,113928,113930,113932,113934,113936,113938,113940,113942,113944],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,113927,3800],{"class":71},[65,113929,144],{"class":79},[65,113931,30374],{"class":147},[65,113933,3132],{"class":79},[65,113935,2204],{"class":96},[65,113937,100],{"class":79},[65,113939,127],{"class":96},[65,113941,100],{"class":79},[65,113943,2602],{"class":96},[65,113945,4042],{"class":79},[65,113947,113948,113950,113952,113954],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,113949,165],{"class":164},[65,113951,168],{"class":79},[65,113953,3800],{"class":147},[65,113955,174],{"class":79},[65,113957,113958],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,113959,113960],{"class":3816},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113962,1309,113963,113965],{},[15,113964,15080],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[51,113967,252,113969,255],{"id":113968},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113970,97244],{},[20,113972,113973,93],{},[15,113974,97244],{},[30,113976,113977,113980,113982,113985],{},[33,113978,113979],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[33,113981,96245],{},[33,113983,113984],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[33,113986,96248],{},[20,113988,113989],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[56,113991,113993],{"className":58,"code":113992,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113994,113995,114019,114045,114049,114059],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,113996,113997,113999,114001,114003,114005,114007,114009,114011,114013,114015,114017],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,113998,13206],{"class":71},[65,114000,76],{"class":75},[65,114002,80],{"class":79},[65,114004,84],{"class":83},[65,114006,13223],{"class":87},[65,114008,84],{"class":83},[65,114010,100],{"class":79},[65,114012,103],{"class":83},[65,114014,13240],{"class":87},[65,114016,84],{"class":83},[65,114018,130],{"class":79},[65,114020,114021,114023,114025,114027,114029,114031,114033,114035,114037,114039,114041,114043],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114022,17617],{"class":71},[65,114024,144],{"class":79},[65,114026,30374],{"class":147},[65,114028,3132],{"class":79},[65,114030,84],{"class":83},[65,114032,13240],{"class":87},[65,114034,84],{"class":83},[65,114036,100],{"class":79},[65,114038,103],{"class":83},[65,114040,17570],{"class":87},[65,114042,84],{"class":83},[65,114044,4042],{"class":79},[65,114046,114047],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,114048,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,114050,114051,114053,114055,114057],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,114052,165],{"class":164},[65,114054,168],{"class":79},[65,114056,17617],{"class":147},[65,114058,174],{"class":79},[65,114060,114061],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,114062,114063],{"class":3816},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114065,21093,114066,114068],{},[15,114067,110964],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[51,114070,283],{"id":282},[20,114072,7367],{},[56,114074,114076],{"className":58,"code":114075,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114077,114078],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114079,114080,114082,114084,114086,114088,114090],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114081,15788],{"class":71},[65,114083,144],{"class":79},[65,114085,30374],{"class":147},[65,114087,168],{"class":79},[65,114089,3872],{"class":147},[65,114091,174],{"class":79},[20,114093,80130],{},[30,114095,114096,114099,114102,114105,114108],{},[33,114097,114098],{},"A list",[33,114100,114101],{},"A tuple",[33,114103,114104],{},"Another set",[33,114106,114107],{},"A string",[33,114109,114110],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114112,114113],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[56,114115,114117],{"className":58,"code":114116,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114118,114119],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114120,114121,114123,114125,114127,114129,114131,114133,114135,114137,114139],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114122,15788],{"class":71},[65,114124,144],{"class":79},[65,114126,30374],{"class":147},[65,114128,168],{"class":79},[65,114130,88],{"class":147},[65,114132,100],{"class":79},[65,114134,2705],{"class":147},[65,114136,100],{"class":79},[65,114138,9827],{"class":147},[65,114140,174],{"class":79},[20,114142,350],{},[56,114144,114146],{"className":58,"code":114145,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114147,114148,114160,114194,114198,114208],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114149,114150,114152,114154,114156,114158],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114151,3975],{"class":71},[65,114153,76],{"class":75},[65,114155,80],{"class":79},[65,114157,3135],{"class":96},[65,114159,130],{"class":79},[65,114161,114162,114164,114166,114168,114170,114172,114174,114176,114178,114180,114182,114184,114186,114188,114190,114192],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114163,5510],{"class":71},[65,114165,144],{"class":79},[65,114167,30374],{"class":147},[65,114169,3132],{"class":79},[65,114171,2204],{"class":96},[65,114173,100],{"class":79},[65,114175,127],{"class":96},[65,114177,18177],{"class":79},[65,114179,648],{"class":79},[65,114181,2650],{"class":96},[65,114183,100],{"class":79},[65,114185,4762],{"class":96},[65,114187,9383],{"class":79},[65,114189,80],{"class":79},[65,114191,80521],{"class":96},[65,114193,30406],{"class":79},[65,114195,114196],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,114197,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,114199,114200,114202,114204,114206],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,114201,165],{"class":164},[65,114203,168],{"class":79},[65,114205,5510],{"class":147},[65,114207,174],{"class":79},[65,114209,114210],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,114211,114212],{"class":3816},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114214,96254,114215,144],{},[88,114216,96262],{"href":97813},[51,114218,22082],{"id":22081},[20,114220,114221,2543,114223,144],{},[15,114222,97244],{},[15,114224,3930],{},[20,114226,11851],{},[56,114228,114230],{"className":58,"code":114229,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114231,114232,114248,114270,114274,114284],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114233,114234,114236,114238,114240,114242,114244,114246],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114235,3768],{"class":71},[65,114237,76],{"class":75},[65,114239,80],{"class":79},[65,114241,3135],{"class":96},[65,114243,100],{"class":79},[65,114245,113],{"class":96},[65,114247,130],{"class":79},[65,114249,114250,114252,114254,114256,114258,114260,114262,114264,114266,114268],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114251,401],{"class":71},[65,114253,76],{"class":75},[65,114255,4419],{"class":71},[65,114257,144],{"class":79},[65,114259,30374],{"class":147},[65,114261,3132],{"class":79},[65,114263,2210],{"class":96},[65,114265,100],{"class":79},[65,114267,2602],{"class":96},[65,114269,4042],{"class":79},[65,114271,114272],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,114273,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,114275,114276,114278,114280,114282],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,114277,165],{"class":164},[65,114279,168],{"class":79},[65,114281,425],{"class":147},[65,114283,174],{"class":79},[65,114285,114286],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,114287,61757],{"class":3816},[20,114289,114290,114291,144],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114292,425],{},[20,114294,19084],{},[56,114296,114298],{"className":58,"code":114297,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114299,114300,114316,114334,114338,114348],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114301,114302,114304,114306,114308,114310,114312,114314],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114303,3768],{"class":71},[65,114305,76],{"class":75},[65,114307,80],{"class":79},[65,114309,3135],{"class":96},[65,114311,100],{"class":79},[65,114313,113],{"class":96},[65,114315,130],{"class":79},[65,114317,114318,114320,114322,114324,114326,114328,114330,114332],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114319,3800],{"class":71},[65,114321,144],{"class":79},[65,114323,30374],{"class":147},[65,114325,3132],{"class":79},[65,114327,2210],{"class":96},[65,114329,100],{"class":79},[65,114331,2602],{"class":96},[65,114333,4042],{"class":79},[65,114335,114336],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,114337,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,114339,114340,114342,114344,114346],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,114341,165],{"class":164},[65,114343,168],{"class":79},[65,114345,3800],{"class":147},[65,114347,174],{"class":79},[65,114349,114350],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,114351,113960],{"class":3816},[51,114353,114355],{"id":114354},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114357,114358,114359,144],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114360,15080],{},[56,114362,114364],{"className":58,"code":114363,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114365,114366,114382,114408,114412,114422],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114367,114368,114370,114372,114374,114376,114378,114380],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114369,3768],{"class":71},[65,114371,76],{"class":75},[65,114373,80],{"class":79},[65,114375,3135],{"class":96},[65,114377,100],{"class":79},[65,114379,113],{"class":96},[65,114381,130],{"class":79},[65,114383,114384,114386,114388,114390,114392,114394,114396,114398,114400,114402,114404,114406],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114385,3800],{"class":71},[65,114387,144],{"class":79},[65,114389,30374],{"class":147},[65,114391,3132],{"class":79},[65,114393,2204],{"class":96},[65,114395,100],{"class":79},[65,114397,127],{"class":96},[65,114399,100],{"class":79},[65,114401,2602],{"class":96},[65,114403,100],{"class":79},[65,114405,2602],{"class":96},[65,114407,4042],{"class":79},[65,114409,114410],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,114411,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,114413,114414,114416,114418,114420],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,114415,165],{"class":164},[65,114417,168],{"class":79},[65,114419,3800],{"class":147},[65,114421,174],{"class":79},[65,114423,114424],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,114425,113960],{"class":3816},[20,114427,11820],{},[30,114429,114430,114435,114442],{},[33,114431,114432,114434],{},[15,114433,2204],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[33,114436,114437,1048,114439,114441],{},[15,114438,2210],{},[15,114440,2650],{}," are added",[33,114443,114444,114445,114447],{},"The second ",[15,114446,2650],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114449,114450,114451,114454],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[88,114452,114453],{"href":99007},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[51,114456,114458],{"id":114457},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114460,7912,114461,114463],{},[15,114462,15080],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[56,114465,114467],{"className":58,"code":114466,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114468,114469,114490,114511,114515,114531,114535,114545],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114470,114471,114474,114476,114478,114480,114482,114484,114486,114488],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114472,114473],{"class":71},"set_a ",[65,114475,76],{"class":75},[65,114477,80],{"class":79},[65,114479,3135],{"class":96},[65,114481,100],{"class":79},[65,114483,113],{"class":96},[65,114485,100],{"class":79},[65,114487,127],{"class":96},[65,114489,130],{"class":79},[65,114491,114492,114495,114497,114499,114501,114503,114505,114507,114509],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114493,114494],{"class":71},"set_b ",[65,114496,76],{"class":75},[65,114498,80],{"class":79},[65,114500,2210],{"class":96},[65,114502,100],{"class":79},[65,114504,2602],{"class":96},[65,114506,100],{"class":79},[65,114508,4762],{"class":96},[65,114510,130],{"class":79},[65,114512,114513],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,114514,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,114516,114517,114520,114522,114524,114526,114529],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,114518,114519],{"class":71},"set_a",[65,114521,144],{"class":79},[65,114523,30374],{"class":147},[65,114525,168],{"class":79},[65,114527,114528],{"class":147},"set_b",[65,114530,174],{"class":79},[65,114532,114533],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,114534,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,114536,114537,114539,114541,114543],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,114538,165],{"class":164},[65,114540,168],{"class":79},[65,114542,114519],{"class":147},[65,114544,174],{"class":79},[65,114546,114547],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,114548,111921],{"class":3816},[20,114550,114551],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114553,114554,114555,144],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[88,114556,114557],{"href":102726},[15,114558,107973],{},[56,114560,114562],{"className":58,"code":114561,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114563,114564,114584,114604,114608,114628,114632,114643,114647,114657],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114565,114566,114568,114570,114572,114574,114576,114578,114580,114582],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114567,114473],{"class":71},[65,114569,76],{"class":75},[65,114571,80],{"class":79},[65,114573,3135],{"class":96},[65,114575,100],{"class":79},[65,114577,113],{"class":96},[65,114579,100],{"class":79},[65,114581,127],{"class":96},[65,114583,130],{"class":79},[65,114585,114586,114588,114590,114592,114594,114596,114598,114600,114602],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114587,114494],{"class":71},[65,114589,76],{"class":75},[65,114591,80],{"class":79},[65,114593,2210],{"class":96},[65,114595,100],{"class":79},[65,114597,2602],{"class":96},[65,114599,100],{"class":79},[65,114601,4762],{"class":96},[65,114603,130],{"class":79},[65,114605,114606],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,114607,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,114609,114610,114613,114615,114618,114620,114622,114624,114626],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,114611,114612],{"class":71},"combined ",[65,114614,76],{"class":75},[65,114616,114617],{"class":71}," set_a",[65,114619,144],{"class":79},[65,114621,111199],{"class":147},[65,114623,168],{"class":79},[65,114625,114528],{"class":147},[65,114627,174],{"class":79},[65,114629,114630],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,114631,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,114633,114634,114636,114638,114641],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,114635,165],{"class":164},[65,114637,168],{"class":79},[65,114639,114640],{"class":147},"combined",[65,114642,174],{"class":79},[65,114644,114645],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,114646,111921],{"class":3816},[65,114648,114649,114651,114653,114655],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,114650,165],{"class":164},[65,114652,168],{"class":79},[65,114654,114519],{"class":147},[65,114656,174],{"class":79},[65,114658,114659],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,114660,114661],{"class":3816},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[51,114663,114665],{"id":114664},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114667,64666,114668,114670],{},[15,114669,15080],{}," adds each character separately.",[56,114672,114674],{"className":58,"code":114673,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114675,114676,114692,114710,114714,114724],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114677,114678,114680,114682,114684,114686,114688,114690],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114679,36005],{"class":71},[65,114681,76],{"class":75},[65,114683,80],{"class":79},[65,114685,84],{"class":83},[65,114687,931],{"class":87},[65,114689,84],{"class":83},[65,114691,130],{"class":79},[65,114693,114694,114696,114698,114700,114702,114704,114706,114708],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114695,36058],{"class":71},[65,114697,144],{"class":79},[65,114699,30374],{"class":147},[65,114701,168],{"class":79},[65,114703,84],{"class":83},[65,114705,36963],{"class":87},[65,114707,84],{"class":83},[65,114709,174],{"class":79},[65,114711,114712],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,114713,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,114715,114716,114718,114720,114722],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,114717,165],{"class":164},[65,114719,168],{"class":79},[65,114721,36058],{"class":147},[65,114723,174],{"class":79},[65,114725,114726],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,114727,114728],{"class":3816},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114730,114731],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114733,114734,14183,114737,114739,114740,114742],{},[15,114735,114736],{},"update(\"cat\")",[46,114738,1014],{}," add ",[15,114741,112966],{}," as one item. It adds:",[30,114744,114745,114749,114753],{},[33,114746,114747],{},[15,114748,66408],{},[33,114750,114751],{},[15,114752,18211],{},[33,114754,114755],{},[15,114756,112982],{},[20,114758,114759,114760,93],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[88,114761,114762],{"href":98430},[15,114763,96138],{},[56,114765,114767],{"className":58,"code":114766,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114768,114769,114785,114803,114807,114817],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114770,114771,114773,114775,114777,114779,114781,114783],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114772,4225],{"class":71},[65,114774,76],{"class":75},[65,114776,80],{"class":79},[65,114778,84],{"class":83},[65,114780,58052],{"class":87},[65,114782,84],{"class":83},[65,114784,130],{"class":79},[65,114786,114787,114789,114791,114793,114795,114797,114799,114801],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114788,4269],{"class":71},[65,114790,144],{"class":79},[65,114792,82033],{"class":147},[65,114794,168],{"class":79},[65,114796,84],{"class":83},[65,114798,36963],{"class":87},[65,114800,84],{"class":83},[65,114802,174],{"class":79},[65,114804,114805],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,114806,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,114808,114809,114811,114813,114815],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,114810,165],{"class":164},[65,114812,168],{"class":79},[65,114814,4269],{"class":147},[65,114816,174],{"class":79},[65,114818,114819],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,114820,114821],{"class":3816},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[51,114823,114825,10729,114827],{"id":114824},"update-vs-add",[15,114826,15080],{},[15,114828,96133],{},[20,114830,114831],{},"The difference is simple:",[30,114833,114834,114838],{},[33,114835,114836,96732],{},[15,114837,96133],{},[33,114839,114840,96737],{},[15,114841,15080],{},[20,114843,45961,114844,93],{},[15,114845,96133],{},[56,114847,114849],{"className":58,"code":114848,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114850,114851,114867,114885,114889,114899],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114852,114853,114855,114857,114859,114861,114863,114865],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114854,36154],{"class":71},[65,114856,76],{"class":75},[65,114858,80],{"class":79},[65,114860,84],{"class":83},[65,114862,4234],{"class":87},[65,114864,84],{"class":83},[65,114866,130],{"class":79},[65,114868,114869,114871,114873,114875,114877,114879,114881,114883],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114870,36206],{"class":71},[65,114872,144],{"class":79},[65,114874,82033],{"class":147},[65,114876,168],{"class":79},[65,114878,84],{"class":83},[65,114880,4243],{"class":87},[65,114882,84],{"class":83},[65,114884,174],{"class":79},[65,114886,114887],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,114888,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,114890,114891,114893,114895,114897],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,114892,165],{"class":164},[65,114894,168],{"class":79},[65,114896,36206],{"class":147},[65,114898,174],{"class":79},[65,114900,114901],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,114902,114903],{"class":3816},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114905,45961,114906,93],{},[15,114907,15080],{},[56,114909,114911],{"className":58,"code":114910,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114912,114913,114929,114955,114959,114969],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114914,114915,114917,114919,114921,114923,114925,114927],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114916,36154],{"class":71},[65,114918,76],{"class":75},[65,114920,80],{"class":79},[65,114922,84],{"class":83},[65,114924,4234],{"class":87},[65,114926,84],{"class":83},[65,114928,130],{"class":79},[65,114930,114931,114933,114935,114937,114939,114941,114943,114945,114947,114949,114951,114953],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,114932,36206],{"class":71},[65,114934,144],{"class":79},[65,114936,30374],{"class":147},[65,114938,3132],{"class":79},[65,114940,84],{"class":83},[65,114942,4243],{"class":87},[65,114944,84],{"class":83},[65,114946,100],{"class":79},[65,114948,103],{"class":83},[65,114950,33132],{"class":87},[65,114952,84],{"class":83},[65,114954,4042],{"class":79},[65,114956,114957],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,114958,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,114960,114961,114963,114965,114967],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,114962,165],{"class":164},[65,114964,168],{"class":79},[65,114966,36206],{"class":147},[65,114968,174],{"class":79},[65,114970,114971],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,114972,114973],{"class":3816},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114975,114976],{},"Important warning with strings:",[56,114978,114980],{"className":58,"code":114979,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114981,114982,114998,115016,115020,115030],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,114983,114984,114986,114988,114990,114992,114994,114996],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,114985,36154],{"class":71},[65,114987,76],{"class":75},[65,114989,80],{"class":79},[65,114991,84],{"class":83},[65,114993,4234],{"class":87},[65,114995,84],{"class":83},[65,114997,130],{"class":79},[65,114999,115000,115002,115004,115006,115008,115010,115012,115014],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,115001,36206],{"class":71},[65,115003,144],{"class":79},[65,115005,30374],{"class":147},[65,115007,168],{"class":79},[65,115009,84],{"class":83},[65,115011,38258],{"class":87},[65,115013,84],{"class":83},[65,115015,174],{"class":79},[65,115017,115018],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,115019,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,115021,115022,115024,115026,115028],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,115023,165],{"class":164},[65,115025,168],{"class":79},[65,115027,36206],{"class":147},[65,115029,174],{"class":79},[65,115031,115032],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,115033,115034],{"class":3816},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115036,62032,115037,62105,115040,328],{},[15,115038,115039],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115041,96133],{},[51,115043,115045,10729,115047],{"id":115044},"update-vs-union",[15,115046,15080],{},[15,115048,102729],{},[20,115050,115051],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1059,115053,115054],{"id":30374},[15,115055,15080],{},[30,115057,115058,115061],{},[33,115059,115060],{},"Changes the existing set",[33,115062,11566,115063],{},[15,115064,3930],{},[56,115066,115068],{"className":58,"code":115067,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115069,115070,115086,115102,115106,115120,115130],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,115071,115072,115074,115076,115078,115080,115082,115084],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,115073,2700],{"class":71},[65,115075,76],{"class":75},[65,115077,80],{"class":79},[65,115079,3135],{"class":96},[65,115081,100],{"class":79},[65,115083,113],{"class":96},[65,115085,130],{"class":79},[65,115087,115088,115090,115092,115094,115096,115098,115100],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,115089,2728],{"class":71},[65,115091,76],{"class":75},[65,115093,80],{"class":79},[65,115095,2204],{"class":96},[65,115097,100],{"class":79},[65,115099,127],{"class":96},[65,115101,130],{"class":79},[65,115103,115104],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,115105,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,115107,115108,115110,115112,115114,115116,115118],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,115109,88],{"class":71},[65,115111,144],{"class":79},[65,115113,30374],{"class":147},[65,115115,168],{"class":79},[65,115117,106],{"class":147},[65,115119,174],{"class":79},[65,115121,115122,115124,115126,115128],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,115123,165],{"class":164},[65,115125,168],{"class":79},[65,115127,88],{"class":147},[65,115129,174],{"class":79},[65,115131,115132],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,115133,114661],{"class":3816},[1059,115135,115136],{"id":111199},[15,115137,102729],{},[30,115139,115140,115142],{},[33,115141,101267],{},[33,115143,101270],{},[56,115145,115147],{"className":58,"code":115146,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115148,115149,115165,115181,115185,115203,115213,115217,115227],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,115150,115151,115153,115155,115157,115159,115161,115163],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,115152,2700],{"class":71},[65,115154,76],{"class":75},[65,115156,80],{"class":79},[65,115158,3135],{"class":96},[65,115160,100],{"class":79},[65,115162,113],{"class":96},[65,115164,130],{"class":79},[65,115166,115167,115169,115171,115173,115175,115177,115179],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,115168,2728],{"class":71},[65,115170,76],{"class":75},[65,115172,80],{"class":79},[65,115174,2204],{"class":96},[65,115176,100],{"class":79},[65,115178,127],{"class":96},[65,115180,130],{"class":79},[65,115182,115183],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,115184,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,115186,115187,115189,115191,115193,115195,115197,115199,115201],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,115188,83113],{"class":71},[65,115190,76],{"class":75},[65,115192,56812],{"class":71},[65,115194,144],{"class":79},[65,115196,111199],{"class":147},[65,115198,168],{"class":79},[65,115200,106],{"class":147},[65,115202,174],{"class":79},[65,115204,115205,115207,115209,115211],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,115206,165],{"class":164},[65,115208,168],{"class":79},[65,115210,120],{"class":147},[65,115212,174],{"class":79},[65,115214,115215],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,115216,114661],{"class":3816},[65,115218,115219,115221,115223,115225],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,115220,165],{"class":164},[65,115222,168],{"class":79},[65,115224,88],{"class":147},[65,115226,174],{"class":79},[65,115228,115229],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,115230,115231],{"class":3816},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115233,107615,115234,115236,115237,115241],{},[15,115235,15080],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[88,115238,115239],{"href":102726},[15,115240,102729],{}," when you want a new set.",[51,115243,115245],{"id":115244},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115247,10892,115248,144],{},[15,115249,97244],{},[1059,115251,115253],{"id":115252},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115255,115256],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[56,115258,115260],{"className":58,"code":115259,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115261,115262,115278,115300,115304,115314],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,115263,115264,115266,115268,115270,115272,115274,115276],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,115265,15750],{"class":71},[65,115267,76],{"class":75},[65,115269,80],{"class":79},[65,115271,3135],{"class":96},[65,115273,100],{"class":79},[65,115275,113],{"class":96},[65,115277,130],{"class":79},[65,115279,115280,115282,115284,115286,115288,115290,115292,115294,115296,115298],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,115281,401],{"class":71},[65,115283,76],{"class":75},[65,115285,96854],{"class":71},[65,115287,144],{"class":79},[65,115289,30374],{"class":147},[65,115291,3132],{"class":79},[65,115293,2210],{"class":96},[65,115295,100],{"class":79},[65,115297,2602],{"class":96},[65,115299,4042],{"class":79},[65,115301,115302],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,115303,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,115305,115306,115308,115310,115312],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,115307,165],{"class":164},[65,115309,168],{"class":79},[65,115311,425],{"class":147},[65,115313,174],{"class":79},[65,115315,115316],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,115317,61757],{"class":3816},[20,115319,115320,115321,93],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115322,15080],{},[56,115324,115326],{"className":58,"code":115325,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115327,115328,115344,115362,115366,115376],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,115329,115330,115332,115334,115336,115338,115340,115342],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,115331,15750],{"class":71},[65,115333,76],{"class":75},[65,115335,80],{"class":79},[65,115337,3135],{"class":96},[65,115339,100],{"class":79},[65,115341,113],{"class":96},[65,115343,130],{"class":79},[65,115345,115346,115348,115350,115352,115354,115356,115358,115360],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,115347,15788],{"class":71},[65,115349,144],{"class":79},[65,115351,30374],{"class":147},[65,115353,3132],{"class":79},[65,115355,2210],{"class":96},[65,115357,100],{"class":79},[65,115359,2602],{"class":96},[65,115361,4042],{"class":79},[65,115363,115364],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,115365,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,115367,115368,115370,115372,115374],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,115369,165],{"class":164},[65,115371,168],{"class":79},[65,115373,15788],{"class":147},[65,115375,174],{"class":79},[65,115377,115378],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,115379,113960],{"class":3816},[1059,115381,115383],{"id":115382},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115385,2982],{},[56,115387,115389],{"className":58,"code":115388,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115390,115391,115407],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,115392,115393,115395,115397,115399,115401,115403,115405],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,115394,15750],{"class":71},[65,115396,76],{"class":75},[65,115398,80],{"class":79},[65,115400,3135],{"class":96},[65,115402,100],{"class":79},[65,115404,113],{"class":96},[65,115406,130],{"class":79},[65,115408,115409,115411,115413,115415,115417,115419],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,115410,15788],{"class":71},[65,115412,144],{"class":79},[65,115414,30374],{"class":147},[65,115416,168],{"class":79},[65,115418,2284],{"class":96},[65,115420,174],{"class":79},[20,115422,62211,115423,8752,115425,115427],{},[15,115424,3152],{},[15,115426,2284],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115429,6705],{},[56,115431,115433],{"className":58,"code":115432,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115434,115435,115451,115465,115469,115479],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,115436,115437,115439,115441,115443,115445,115447,115449],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,115438,15750],{"class":71},[65,115440,76],{"class":75},[65,115442,80],{"class":79},[65,115444,3135],{"class":96},[65,115446,100],{"class":79},[65,115448,113],{"class":96},[65,115450,130],{"class":79},[65,115452,115453,115455,115457,115459,115461,115463],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,115454,15788],{"class":71},[65,115456,144],{"class":79},[65,115458,30374],{"class":147},[65,115460,3132],{"class":79},[65,115462,2284],{"class":96},[65,115464,4042],{"class":79},[65,115466,115467],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,115468,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,115470,115471,115473,115475,115477],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,115472,165],{"class":164},[65,115474,168],{"class":79},[65,115476,15788],{"class":147},[65,115478,174],{"class":79},[65,115480,115481],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,115482,115483],{"class":3816},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115485,45834,115486,144],{},[88,115487,1546,115488],{"href":52523},[15,115489,115490],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1059,115492,115494],{"id":115493},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115496,115497],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[56,115499,115501],{"className":58,"code":115500,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115502,115503,115519,115545,115549,115559],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,115504,115505,115507,115509,115511,115513,115515,115517],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,115506,15750],{"class":71},[65,115508,76],{"class":75},[65,115510,80],{"class":79},[65,115512,3135],{"class":96},[65,115514,100],{"class":79},[65,115516,113],{"class":96},[65,115518,130],{"class":79},[65,115520,115521,115523,115525,115527,115529,115531,115533,115535,115537,115539,115541,115543],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,115522,15788],{"class":71},[65,115524,144],{"class":79},[65,115526,30374],{"class":147},[65,115528,3132],{"class":79},[65,115530,2204],{"class":96},[65,115532,100],{"class":79},[65,115534,113],{"class":96},[65,115536,100],{"class":79},[65,115538,113],{"class":96},[65,115540,100],{"class":79},[65,115542,127],{"class":96},[65,115544,4042],{"class":79},[65,115546,115547],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,115548,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,115550,115551,115553,115555,115557],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,115552,165],{"class":164},[65,115554,168],{"class":79},[65,115556,15788],{"class":147},[65,115558,174],{"class":79},[65,115560,115561],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,115562,114661],{"class":3816},[1059,115564,115566,115567,44550,115569,115571],{"id":115565},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115568,15080],{},[15,115570,96133],{}," is better",[20,115573,115574,115575,115577],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115576,96133],{}," is usually the better choice.",[56,115579,115581],{"className":58,"code":115580,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115582,115583,115599,115617,115621,115631],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,115584,115585,115587,115589,115591,115593,115595,115597],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,115586,15750],{"class":71},[65,115588,76],{"class":75},[65,115590,80],{"class":79},[65,115592,84],{"class":83},[65,115594,58052],{"class":87},[65,115596,84],{"class":83},[65,115598,130],{"class":79},[65,115600,115601,115603,115605,115607,115609,115611,115613,115615],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,115602,15788],{"class":71},[65,115604,144],{"class":79},[65,115606,82033],{"class":147},[65,115608,168],{"class":79},[65,115610,84],{"class":83},[65,115612,36963],{"class":87},[65,115614,84],{"class":83},[65,115616,174],{"class":79},[65,115618,115619],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,115620,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,115622,115623,115625,115627,115629],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,115624,165],{"class":164},[65,115626,168],{"class":79},[65,115628,15788],{"class":147},[65,115630,174],{"class":79},[65,115632,115633],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,115634,114821],{"class":3816},[51,115636,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,115638,1966,115640,97223],{"id":115639},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115641,97244],{},[20,115643,97226,115644,144],{},[15,115645,3930],{},[1059,115647,28432,115648,32137],{"id":32134},[15,115649,15080],{},[20,115651,115652],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1059,115654,5330,115656,1048,115658,2637],{"id":115655},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115657,96133],{},[15,115659,15080],{},[20,115661,115662,115664,115665,115667],{},[15,115663,96133],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115666,15080],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1059,115669,115671],{"id":115670},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115673,115674,115675,114670],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115676,15080],{},[1059,115678,115680],{"id":115679},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115682,1309,115683,11237,115685,144],{},[15,115684,102729],{},[15,115686,15080],{},[51,115688,2015],{"id":2014},[30,115690,115691,115698,115705,115711,115717],{},[33,115692,115693],{},[88,115694,115695],{"href":98430},[15,115696,115697],{},"Python set add() method",[33,115699,115700],{},[88,115701,115702],{"href":102726},[15,115703,115704],{},"Python set union() method",[33,115706,115707],{},[88,115708,115709],{"href":97813},[15,115710,97268],{},[33,115712,115713],{},[88,115714,115715],{"href":99007},[15,115716,100274],{},[33,115718,115719],{},[88,115720,115721,115723],{"href":52523},[15,115722,115490],{}," fix",[20,115725,115726,115727,115729,115730,115732],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115728,96138],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115731,107973],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2071,115734,115735],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":115737},[115738,115739,115741,115742,115743,115744,115745,115746,115748,115753,115760,115769],{"id":3757,"depth":133,"text":3758},{"id":113968,"depth":133,"text":115740},"What set.update() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":22081,"depth":133,"text":22082},{"id":114354,"depth":133,"text":114355},{"id":114457,"depth":133,"text":114458},{"id":114664,"depth":133,"text":114665},{"id":114824,"depth":133,"text":115747},"update() vs add()",{"id":115044,"depth":133,"text":115749,"children":115750},"update() vs union()",[115751,115752],{"id":30374,"depth":154,"text":15080},{"id":111199,"depth":154,"text":102729},{"id":115244,"depth":133,"text":115245,"children":115754},[115755,115756,115757,115758],{"id":115252,"depth":154,"text":115253},{"id":115382,"depth":154,"text":115383},{"id":115493,"depth":154,"text":115494},{"id":115565,"depth":154,"text":115759},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":115761},[115762,115764,115765,115767,115768],{"id":115639,"depth":154,"text":115763},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32134,"depth":154,"text":32207},{"id":115655,"depth":154,"text":115766},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115670,"depth":154,"text":115671},{"id":115679,"depth":154,"text":115680},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113880,"description":115770},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115776,"title":115777,"body":115778,"description":117544,"extension":2111,"meta":117545,"navigation":157,"path":13919,"seo":117546,"stem":117547,"__hash__":117548},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115779,"toc":117519},[115780,115783,115786,115789,115800,115808,115811,115813,115962,115974,115978,115995,115999,116007,116009,116020,116022,116119,116125,116128,116224,116233,116238,116242,116247,116249,116259,116261,116370,116378,116382,116385,116388,116405,116411,116491,116494,116498,116501,116505,116508,116567,116570,116574,116577,116669,116673,116676,116783,116787,116793,116821,116823,116905,116915,116919,116922,116933,116936,117021,117024,117029,117033,117036,117047,117050,117192,117195,117199,117202,117216,117219,117280,117286,117288,117291,117313,117316,117416,117419,117451,117453,117457,117460,117462,117465,117469,117472,117476,117479,117483,117486,117488,117516],[10,115781,115777],{"id":115782},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115784,115785],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115787,115788],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[30,115790,115791,115794,115797],{},[33,115792,115793],{},"a list inside another list",[33,115795,115796],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[33,115798,115799],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115801,100196,115802,1048,115804,115807],{},[46,115803,12981],{},[46,115805,115806],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115809,115810],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[51,115812,54],{"id":53},[56,115814,115816],{"className":58,"code":115815,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115817,115818,115825,115829,115855,115875,115895,115899,115917,115921,115934,115948],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,115819,115820,115822],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,115821,35004],{"class":1405},[65,115823,115824],{"class":71}," copy\n",[65,115826,115827],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,115828,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,115830,115831,115833,115835,115837,115839,115841,115843,115845,115847,115849,115851,115853],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,115832,12221],{"class":71},[65,115834,76],{"class":75},[65,115836,56218],{"class":79},[65,115838,3135],{"class":96},[65,115840,100],{"class":79},[65,115842,113],{"class":96},[65,115844,18177],{"class":79},[65,115846,3773],{"class":79},[65,115848,2210],{"class":96},[65,115850,100],{"class":79},[65,115852,2602],{"class":96},[65,115854,53166],{"class":79},[65,115856,115857,115860,115862,115865,115867,115869,115871,115873],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,115858,115859],{"class":71},"shallow ",[65,115861,76],{"class":75},[65,115863,115864],{"class":71}," copy",[65,115866,144],{"class":79},[65,115868,13041],{"class":147},[65,115870,168],{"class":79},[65,115872,12268],{"class":147},[65,115874,174],{"class":79},[65,115876,115877,115880,115882,115884,115886,115889,115891,115893],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,115878,115879],{"class":71},"deep ",[65,115881,76],{"class":75},[65,115883,115864],{"class":71},[65,115885,144],{"class":79},[65,115887,115888],{"class":147},"deepcopy",[65,115890,168],{"class":79},[65,115892,12268],{"class":147},[65,115894,174],{"class":79},[65,115896,115897],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,115898,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,115900,115901,115903,115905,115907,115909,115911,115913,115915],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,115902,12268],{"class":71},[65,115904,4054],{"class":79},[65,115906,2267],{"class":96},[65,115908,13679],{"class":79},[65,115910,13682],{"class":147},[65,115912,168],{"class":79},[65,115914,56271],{"class":96},[65,115916,174],{"class":79},[65,115918,115919],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,115920,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,115922,115923,115925,115927,115929,115931],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,115924,165],{"class":164},[65,115926,168],{"class":79},[65,115928,12268],{"class":147},[65,115930,3813],{"class":79},[65,115932,115933],{"class":3816},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[65,115935,115936,115938,115940,115943,115945],{"class":67,"line":6587},[65,115937,165],{"class":164},[65,115939,168],{"class":79},[65,115941,115942],{"class":147},"shallow",[65,115944,3813],{"class":79},[65,115946,115947],{"class":3816},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[65,115949,115950,115952,115954,115957,115959],{"class":67,"line":11731},[65,115951,165],{"class":164},[65,115953,168],{"class":79},[65,115955,115956],{"class":147},"deep",[65,115958,3813],{"class":79},[65,115960,115961],{"class":3816},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115963,1309,115964,115967,115968,1048,115970,115973],{},[15,115965,115966],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[46,115969,12981],{},[15,115971,115972],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[51,115975,115977],{"id":115976},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[30,115979,115980,115983,115986,115989,115992],{},[33,115981,115982],{},"What a copy means in Python",[33,115984,115985],{},"How shallow copy works",[33,115987,115988],{},"How deep copy works",[33,115990,115991],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[33,115993,115994],{},"When to use each approach",[51,115996,115998],{"id":115997},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116000,15315,116001,116003,116004,116006],{},[46,116002,12981],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[46,116005,1014],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116008,2254],{},[30,116010,116011,116014,116017],{},[33,116012,116013],{},"the outer container is new",[33,116015,116016],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[33,116018,116019],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116021,350],{},[56,116023,116025],{"className":58,"code":116024,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116026,116027,116053,116067,116071,116089,116093,116106],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,116028,116029,116031,116033,116035,116037,116039,116041,116043,116045,116047,116049,116051],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,116030,12221],{"class":71},[65,116032,76],{"class":75},[65,116034,56218],{"class":79},[65,116036,3135],{"class":96},[65,116038,100],{"class":79},[65,116040,113],{"class":96},[65,116042,18177],{"class":79},[65,116044,3773],{"class":79},[65,116046,2210],{"class":96},[65,116048,100],{"class":79},[65,116050,2602],{"class":96},[65,116052,53166],{"class":79},[65,116054,116055,116057,116059,116061,116063,116065],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,116056,14441],{"class":71},[65,116058,76],{"class":75},[65,116060,12296],{"class":71},[65,116062,144],{"class":79},[65,116064,13041],{"class":147},[65,116066,151],{"class":79},[65,116068,116069],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,116070,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,116072,116073,116075,116077,116079,116081,116083,116085,116087],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,116074,14460],{"class":71},[65,116076,144],{"class":79},[65,116078,13682],{"class":147},[65,116080,3132],{"class":79},[65,116082,2284],{"class":96},[65,116084,100],{"class":79},[65,116086,37560],{"class":96},[65,116088,4042],{"class":79},[65,116090,116091],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,116092,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,116094,116095,116097,116099,116101,116103],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,116096,165],{"class":164},[65,116098,168],{"class":79},[65,116100,12268],{"class":147},[65,116102,3813],{"class":79},[65,116104,116105],{"class":3816},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[65,116107,116108,116110,116112,116114,116116],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,116109,165],{"class":164},[65,116111,168],{"class":79},[65,116113,14460],{"class":147},[65,116115,3813],{"class":79},[65,116117,116118],{"class":3816},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116120,116121,116122,116124],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116123,14460],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116126,116127],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[56,116129,116131],{"className":58,"code":116130,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116132,116133,116159,116173,116177,116195,116199,116211],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,116134,116135,116137,116139,116141,116143,116145,116147,116149,116151,116153,116155,116157],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,116136,12221],{"class":71},[65,116138,76],{"class":75},[65,116140,56218],{"class":79},[65,116142,3135],{"class":96},[65,116144,100],{"class":79},[65,116146,113],{"class":96},[65,116148,18177],{"class":79},[65,116150,3773],{"class":79},[65,116152,2210],{"class":96},[65,116154,100],{"class":79},[65,116156,2602],{"class":96},[65,116158,53166],{"class":79},[65,116160,116161,116163,116165,116167,116169,116171],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,116162,14441],{"class":71},[65,116164,76],{"class":75},[65,116166,12296],{"class":71},[65,116168,144],{"class":79},[65,116170,13041],{"class":147},[65,116172,151],{"class":79},[65,116174,116175],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,116176,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,116178,116179,116181,116183,116185,116187,116189,116191,116193],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,116180,14460],{"class":71},[65,116182,4054],{"class":79},[65,116184,2267],{"class":96},[65,116186,13679],{"class":79},[65,116188,13682],{"class":147},[65,116190,168],{"class":79},[65,116192,56271],{"class":96},[65,116194,174],{"class":79},[65,116196,116197],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,116198,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,116200,116201,116203,116205,116207,116209],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,116202,165],{"class":164},[65,116204,168],{"class":79},[65,116206,12268],{"class":147},[65,116208,3813],{"class":79},[65,116210,115933],{"class":3816},[65,116212,116213,116215,116217,116219,116221],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,116214,165],{"class":164},[65,116216,168],{"class":79},[65,116218,14460],{"class":147},[65,116220,3813],{"class":79},[65,116222,116223],{"class":3816},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116225,116226,116227,1048,116229,116232],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116228,56375],{},[15,116230,116231],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116234,116235,116236,144],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[88,116237,43856],{"href":12200},[51,116239,116241],{"id":116240},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116243,15315,116244,116246],{},[46,116245,115806],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116248,2254],{},[30,116250,116251,116253,116256],{},[33,116252,116013],{},[33,116254,116255],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[33,116257,116258],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116260,350],{},[56,116262,116264],{"className":58,"code":116263,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116265,116266,116272,116276,116302,116320,116324,116342,116346,116358],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,116267,116268,116270],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,116269,35004],{"class":1405},[65,116271,115824],{"class":71},[65,116273,116274],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,116275,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,116277,116278,116280,116282,116284,116286,116288,116290,116292,116294,116296,116298,116300],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,116279,12221],{"class":71},[65,116281,76],{"class":75},[65,116283,56218],{"class":79},[65,116285,3135],{"class":96},[65,116287,100],{"class":79},[65,116289,113],{"class":96},[65,116291,18177],{"class":79},[65,116293,3773],{"class":79},[65,116295,2210],{"class":96},[65,116297,100],{"class":79},[65,116299,2602],{"class":96},[65,116301,53166],{"class":79},[65,116303,116304,116306,116308,116310,116312,116314,116316,116318],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,116305,14441],{"class":71},[65,116307,76],{"class":75},[65,116309,115864],{"class":71},[65,116311,144],{"class":79},[65,116313,115888],{"class":147},[65,116315,168],{"class":79},[65,116317,12268],{"class":147},[65,116319,174],{"class":79},[65,116321,116322],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,116323,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,116325,116326,116328,116330,116332,116334,116336,116338,116340],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,116327,14460],{"class":71},[65,116329,4054],{"class":79},[65,116331,2267],{"class":96},[65,116333,13679],{"class":79},[65,116335,13682],{"class":147},[65,116337,168],{"class":79},[65,116339,56271],{"class":96},[65,116341,174],{"class":79},[65,116343,116344],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,116345,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,116347,116348,116350,116352,116354,116356],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,116349,165],{"class":164},[65,116351,168],{"class":79},[65,116353,12268],{"class":147},[65,116355,3813],{"class":79},[65,116357,116105],{"class":3816},[65,116359,116360,116362,116364,116366,116368],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,116361,165],{"class":164},[65,116363,168],{"class":79},[65,116365,14460],{"class":147},[65,116367,3813],{"class":79},[65,116369,116223],{"class":3816},[20,116371,116372,116373,116375,116376,144],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116374,116231],{}," does not change ",[15,116377,56375],{},[51,116379,116381],{"id":116380},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116383,116384],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116386,116387],{},"Common reasons:",[30,116389,116390,116393,116396,116402],{},[33,116391,116392],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[33,116394,116395],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[33,116397,116398,116399,116401],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116400,76],{}," does not make a copy",[33,116403,116404],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116406,116407,116408,116410],{},"For example, this does ",[46,116409,1014],{}," create a copy:",[56,116412,116414],{"className":58,"code":116413,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116415,116416,116436,116444,116448,116462,116466,116478],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,116417,116418,116420,116422,116424,116426,116428,116430,116432,116434],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,116419,12221],{"class":71},[65,116421,76],{"class":75},[65,116423,3773],{"class":79},[65,116425,3135],{"class":96},[65,116427,100],{"class":79},[65,116429,113],{"class":96},[65,116431,100],{"class":79},[65,116433,127],{"class":96},[65,116435,3786],{"class":79},[65,116437,116438,116440,116442],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,116439,14441],{"class":71},[65,116441,76],{"class":75},[65,116443,12259],{"class":71},[65,116445,116446],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,116447,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,116449,116450,116452,116454,116456,116458,116460],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,116451,14460],{"class":71},[65,116453,144],{"class":79},[65,116455,13682],{"class":147},[65,116457,168],{"class":79},[65,116459,2650],{"class":96},[65,116461,174],{"class":79},[65,116463,116464],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,116465,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,116467,116468,116470,116472,116474,116476],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,116469,165],{"class":164},[65,116471,168],{"class":79},[65,116473,12268],{"class":147},[65,116475,3813],{"class":79},[65,116477,55625],{"class":3816},[65,116479,116480,116482,116484,116486,116488],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,116481,165],{"class":164},[65,116483,168],{"class":79},[65,116485,14460],{"class":147},[65,116487,3813],{"class":79},[65,116489,116490],{"class":3816},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116492,116493],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[51,116495,116497],{"id":116496},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116499,116500],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1059,116502,116504],{"id":116503},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116506,116507],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[56,116509,116511],{"className":58,"code":116510,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116512,116513,116539,116547,116551],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,116514,116515,116517,116519,116521,116523,116525,116527,116529,116531,116533,116535,116537],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,116516,12221],{"class":71},[65,116518,76],{"class":75},[65,116520,56218],{"class":79},[65,116522,3135],{"class":96},[65,116524,100],{"class":79},[65,116526,113],{"class":96},[65,116528,18177],{"class":79},[65,116530,3773],{"class":79},[65,116532,2210],{"class":96},[65,116534,100],{"class":79},[65,116536,2602],{"class":96},[65,116538,53166],{"class":79},[65,116540,116541,116543,116545],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,116542,14232],{"class":71},[65,116544,76],{"class":75},[65,116546,12259],{"class":71},[65,116548,116549],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,116550,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,116552,116553,116555,116557,116559,116561,116563,116565],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,116554,165],{"class":164},[65,116556,168],{"class":79},[65,116558,12221],{"class":147},[65,116560,12329],{"class":1405},[65,116562,14300],{"class":147},[65,116564,3813],{"class":79},[65,116566,3817],{"class":3816},[20,116568,116569],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1059,116571,116573],{"id":116572},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116575,116576],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[56,116578,116580],{"className":58,"code":116579,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116581,116582,116608,116622,116626,116643],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,116583,116584,116586,116588,116590,116592,116594,116596,116598,116600,116602,116604,116606],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,116585,12221],{"class":71},[65,116587,76],{"class":75},[65,116589,56218],{"class":79},[65,116591,3135],{"class":96},[65,116593,100],{"class":79},[65,116595,113],{"class":96},[65,116597,18177],{"class":79},[65,116599,3773],{"class":79},[65,116601,2210],{"class":96},[65,116603,100],{"class":79},[65,116605,2602],{"class":96},[65,116607,53166],{"class":79},[65,116609,116610,116612,116614,116616,116618,116620],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,116611,115859],{"class":71},[65,116613,76],{"class":75},[65,116615,12296],{"class":71},[65,116617,144],{"class":79},[65,116619,13041],{"class":147},[65,116621,151],{"class":79},[65,116623,116624],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,116625,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,116627,116628,116630,116632,116634,116636,116639,116641],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,116629,165],{"class":164},[65,116631,168],{"class":79},[65,116633,12221],{"class":147},[65,116635,12329],{"class":1405},[65,116637,116638],{"class":147}," shallow",[65,116640,3813],{"class":79},[65,116642,21316],{"class":3816},[65,116644,116645,116647,116649,116651,116653,116655,116657,116659,116661,116663,116665,116667],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,116646,165],{"class":164},[65,116648,168],{"class":79},[65,116650,12268],{"class":147},[65,116652,4054],{"class":79},[65,116654,2267],{"class":96},[65,116656,13402],{"class":79},[65,116658,8247],{"class":1405},[65,116660,116638],{"class":147},[65,116662,4054],{"class":79},[65,116664,2267],{"class":96},[65,116666,20561],{"class":79},[65,116668,3817],{"class":3816},[1059,116670,116672],{"id":116671},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116674,116675],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[56,116677,116679],{"className":58,"code":116678,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116680,116681,116687,116691,116717,116735,116739,116757],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,116682,116683,116685],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,116684,35004],{"class":1405},[65,116686,115824],{"class":71},[65,116688,116689],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,116690,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,116692,116693,116695,116697,116699,116701,116703,116705,116707,116709,116711,116713,116715],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,116694,12221],{"class":71},[65,116696,76],{"class":75},[65,116698,56218],{"class":79},[65,116700,3135],{"class":96},[65,116702,100],{"class":79},[65,116704,113],{"class":96},[65,116706,18177],{"class":79},[65,116708,3773],{"class":79},[65,116710,2210],{"class":96},[65,116712,100],{"class":79},[65,116714,2602],{"class":96},[65,116716,53166],{"class":79},[65,116718,116719,116721,116723,116725,116727,116729,116731,116733],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,116720,115879],{"class":71},[65,116722,76],{"class":75},[65,116724,115864],{"class":71},[65,116726,144],{"class":79},[65,116728,115888],{"class":147},[65,116730,168],{"class":79},[65,116732,12268],{"class":147},[65,116734,174],{"class":79},[65,116736,116737],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,116738,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,116740,116741,116743,116745,116747,116749,116752,116754],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,116742,165],{"class":164},[65,116744,168],{"class":79},[65,116746,12221],{"class":147},[65,116748,12329],{"class":1405},[65,116750,116751],{"class":147}," deep",[65,116753,3813],{"class":79},[65,116755,116756],{"class":3816},"         # False\n",[65,116758,116759,116761,116763,116765,116767,116769,116771,116773,116775,116777,116779,116781],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,116760,165],{"class":164},[65,116762,168],{"class":79},[65,116764,12268],{"class":147},[65,116766,4054],{"class":79},[65,116768,2267],{"class":96},[65,116770,13402],{"class":79},[65,116772,8247],{"class":1405},[65,116774,116751],{"class":147},[65,116776,4054],{"class":79},[65,116778,2267],{"class":96},[65,116780,20561],{"class":79},[65,116782,43792],{"class":3816},[51,116784,116786],{"id":116785},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116788,116789,116790,93],{},"These all make ",[46,116791,116792],{},"shallow copies",[30,116794,116795,116799,116803,116808,116814],{},[33,116796,116797],{},[15,116798,55525],{},[33,116800,116801],{},[15,116802,12570],{},[33,116804,116805],{},[15,116806,116807],{},"set.copy()",[33,116809,116810,116811],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116812,116813],{},"my_list[:]",[33,116815,116816,116818,116819,34994],{},[15,116817,115966],{}," from the ",[15,116820,13041],{},[20,116822,2273],{},[56,116824,116826],{"className":58,"code":116825,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116827,116828,116848,116852,116866,116877,116881,116893],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,116829,116830,116832,116834,116836,116838,116840,116842,116844,116846],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,116831,3768],{"class":71},[65,116833,76],{"class":75},[65,116835,3773],{"class":79},[65,116837,3135],{"class":96},[65,116839,100],{"class":79},[65,116841,113],{"class":96},[65,116843,100],{"class":79},[65,116845,127],{"class":96},[65,116847,3786],{"class":79},[65,116849,116850],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,116851,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,116853,116854,116856,116858,116860,116862,116864],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,116855,2700],{"class":71},[65,116857,76],{"class":75},[65,116859,4419],{"class":71},[65,116861,144],{"class":79},[65,116863,13041],{"class":147},[65,116865,151],{"class":79},[65,116867,116868,116870,116872,116874],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,116869,2728],{"class":71},[65,116871,76],{"class":75},[65,116873,4419],{"class":71},[65,116875,116876],{"class":79},"[:]\n",[65,116878,116879],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,116880,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,116882,116883,116885,116887,116889,116891],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,116884,165],{"class":164},[65,116886,168],{"class":79},[65,116888,88],{"class":147},[65,116890,3813],{"class":79},[65,116892,54856],{"class":3816},[65,116894,116895,116897,116899,116901,116903],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,116896,165],{"class":164},[65,116898,168],{"class":79},[65,116900,106],{"class":147},[65,116902,3813],{"class":79},[65,116904,54856],{"class":3816},[20,116906,73067,116907,47455,116911,144],{},[88,116908,116909,10885],{"href":54884},[15,116910,55525],{},[88,116912,116913,10885],{"href":12567},[15,116914,12570],{},[51,116916,116918],{"id":116917},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116920,116921],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[30,116923,116924,116927,116930],{},[33,116925,116926],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[33,116928,116929],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[33,116931,116932],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116934,116935],{},"Example with a flat list:",[56,116937,116939],{"className":58,"code":116938,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116940,116941,116961,116975,116979,116993,116997,117009],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,116942,116943,116945,116947,116949,116951,116953,116955,116957,116959],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,116944,12221],{"class":71},[65,116946,76],{"class":75},[65,116948,3773],{"class":79},[65,116950,3135],{"class":96},[65,116952,100],{"class":79},[65,116954,113],{"class":96},[65,116956,100],{"class":79},[65,116958,127],{"class":96},[65,116960,3786],{"class":79},[65,116962,116963,116965,116967,116969,116971,116973],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,116964,14441],{"class":71},[65,116966,76],{"class":75},[65,116968,12296],{"class":71},[65,116970,144],{"class":79},[65,116972,13041],{"class":147},[65,116974,151],{"class":79},[65,116976,116977],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,116978,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,116980,116981,116983,116985,116987,116989,116991],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,116982,14460],{"class":71},[65,116984,144],{"class":79},[65,116986,13682],{"class":147},[65,116988,168],{"class":79},[65,116990,2650],{"class":96},[65,116992,174],{"class":79},[65,116994,116995],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,116996,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,116998,116999,117001,117003,117005,117007],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,117000,165],{"class":164},[65,117002,168],{"class":79},[65,117004,12268],{"class":147},[65,117006,3813],{"class":79},[65,117008,54856],{"class":3816},[65,117010,117011,117013,117015,117017,117019],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,117012,165],{"class":164},[65,117014,168],{"class":79},[65,117016,14460],{"class":147},[65,117018,3813],{"class":79},[65,117020,116490],{"class":3816},[20,117022,117023],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117025,117026,117027,144],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[88,117028,15015],{"href":57144},[51,117030,117032],{"id":117031},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117034,117035],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[30,117037,117038,117041,117044],{},[33,117039,117040],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[33,117042,117043],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[33,117045,117046],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117048,117049],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[56,117051,117053],{"className":58,"code":117052,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117054,117055,117061,117065,117091,117105,117123,117127,117149,117153,117166,117179],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117056,117057,117059],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117058,35004],{"class":1405},[65,117060,115824],{"class":71},[65,117062,117063],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,117064,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,117066,117067,117069,117071,117073,117075,117077,117079,117081,117083,117085,117087,117089],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,117068,12221],{"class":71},[65,117070,76],{"class":75},[65,117072,80],{"class":79},[65,117074,84],{"class":83},[65,117076,16511],{"class":87},[65,117078,84],{"class":83},[65,117080,93],{"class":79},[65,117082,3773],{"class":79},[65,117084,2476],{"class":96},[65,117086,100],{"class":79},[65,117088,7940],{"class":96},[65,117090,13835],{"class":79},[65,117092,117093,117095,117097,117099,117101,117103],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,117094,115859],{"class":71},[65,117096,76],{"class":75},[65,117098,12296],{"class":71},[65,117100,144],{"class":79},[65,117102,13041],{"class":147},[65,117104,151],{"class":79},[65,117106,117107,117109,117111,117113,117115,117117,117119,117121],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,117108,115879],{"class":71},[65,117110,76],{"class":75},[65,117112,115864],{"class":71},[65,117114,144],{"class":79},[65,117116,115888],{"class":147},[65,117118,168],{"class":79},[65,117120,12268],{"class":147},[65,117122,174],{"class":79},[65,117124,117125],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,117126,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,117128,117129,117131,117133,117135,117137,117139,117141,117143,117145,117147],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,117130,12268],{"class":71},[65,117132,4054],{"class":79},[65,117134,84],{"class":83},[65,117136,16511],{"class":87},[65,117138,84],{"class":83},[65,117140,13679],{"class":79},[65,117142,13682],{"class":147},[65,117144,168],{"class":79},[65,117146,36757],{"class":96},[65,117148,174],{"class":79},[65,117150,117151],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,117152,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,117154,117155,117157,117159,117161,117163],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,117156,165],{"class":164},[65,117158,168],{"class":79},[65,117160,12268],{"class":147},[65,117162,3813],{"class":79},[65,117164,117165],{"class":3816},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[65,117167,117168,117170,117172,117174,117176],{"class":67,"line":6587},[65,117169,165],{"class":164},[65,117171,168],{"class":79},[65,117173,115942],{"class":147},[65,117175,3813],{"class":79},[65,117177,117178],{"class":3816},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[65,117180,117181,117183,117185,117187,117189],{"class":67,"line":11731},[65,117182,165],{"class":164},[65,117184,168],{"class":79},[65,117186,115956],{"class":147},[65,117188,3813],{"class":79},[65,117190,117191],{"class":3816},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117193,117194],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[51,117196,117198],{"id":117197},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117200,117201],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[30,117203,117204,117207,117210,117213],{},[33,117205,117206],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[33,117208,117209],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[33,117211,117212],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[33,117214,117215],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117217,117218],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[56,117220,117222],{"className":58,"code":117221,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117223,117224,117232,117240,117244,117252,117256,117268],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117225,117226,117228,117230],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117227,2700],{"class":71},[65,117229,76],{"class":75},[65,117231,2733],{"class":96},[65,117233,117234,117236,117238],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,117235,2728],{"class":71},[65,117237,76],{"class":75},[65,117239,36090],{"class":71},[65,117241,117242],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,117243,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,117245,117246,117248,117250],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,117247,2728],{"class":71},[65,117249,76],{"class":75},[65,117251,14743],{"class":96},[65,117253,117254],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,117255,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,117257,117258,117260,117262,117264,117266],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,117259,165],{"class":164},[65,117261,168],{"class":79},[65,117263,88],{"class":147},[65,117265,3813],{"class":79},[65,117267,26901],{"class":3816},[65,117269,117270,117272,117274,117276,117278],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,117271,165],{"class":164},[65,117273,168],{"class":79},[65,117275,106],{"class":147},[65,117277,3813],{"class":79},[65,117279,27720],{"class":3816},[20,117281,93438,117282,117285],{},[88,117283,117284],{"href":12200},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[51,117287,1766],{"id":1765},[20,117289,117290],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[30,117292,117293,117297,117302,117307,117310],{},[33,117294,8569,117295,56708],{},[15,117296,76],{},[33,117298,8569,117299,117301],{},[15,117300,55525],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[33,117303,8569,117304,117306],{},[15,117305,12570],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[33,117308,117309],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[33,117311,117312],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117314,117315],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[56,117317,117319],{"className":58,"code":117318,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117320,117321,117335,117349,117371,117402],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117322,117323,117325,117327,117329,117331,117333],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117324,165],{"class":164},[65,117326,168],{"class":79},[65,117328,12221],{"class":147},[65,117330,12329],{"class":1405},[65,117332,14514],{"class":147},[65,117334,174],{"class":79},[65,117336,117337,117339,117341,117343,117345,117347],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,117338,165],{"class":164},[65,117340,168],{"class":79},[65,117342,12221],{"class":147},[65,117344,4845],{"class":75},[65,117346,14514],{"class":147},[65,117348,174],{"class":79},[65,117350,117351,117353,117355,117357,117359,117361,117363,117365,117367,117369],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,117352,165],{"class":164},[65,117354,168],{"class":79},[65,117356,12783],{"class":164},[65,117358,168],{"class":79},[65,117360,12268],{"class":147},[65,117362,9383],{"class":79},[65,117364,14944],{"class":164},[65,117366,168],{"class":79},[65,117368,14460],{"class":147},[65,117370,1870],{"class":79},[65,117372,117373,117375,117377,117379,117381,117383,117385,117387,117390,117392,117394,117396,117398,117400],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,117374,165],{"class":164},[65,117376,168],{"class":79},[65,117378,12783],{"class":164},[65,117380,168],{"class":79},[65,117382,12268],{"class":147},[65,117384,4054],{"class":79},[65,117386,2267],{"class":96},[65,117388,117389],{"class":79},"]),",[65,117391,14944],{"class":164},[65,117393,168],{"class":79},[65,117395,14460],{"class":147},[65,117397,4054],{"class":79},[65,117399,2267],{"class":96},[65,117401,3146],{"class":79},[65,117403,117404,117406,117408,117410,117412,117414],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,117405,165],{"class":164},[65,117407,168],{"class":79},[65,117409,3370],{"class":1368},[65,117411,168],{"class":79},[65,117413,12268],{"class":147},[65,117415,1870],{"class":79},[20,117417,117418],{},"What they tell you:",[30,117420,117421,117426,117431,117436,117446],{},[33,117422,117423,117425],{},[15,117424,12329],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[33,117427,117428,117430],{},[15,117429,4845],{}," checks whether values are equal",[33,117432,117433,117435],{},[15,117434,43408],{}," shows the identity of an object",[33,117437,117438,117439,1048,117442,117445],{},"comparing ",[15,117440,117441],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117443,117444],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[33,117447,117448,117450],{},[15,117449,2447],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[51,117452,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,117454,117456],{"id":117455},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117458,117459],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1059,117461,57194],{"id":57109},[20,117463,117464],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1059,117466,117468],{"id":117467},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117470,117471],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1059,117473,117475],{"id":117474},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117477,117478],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1059,117480,117482],{"id":117481},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117484,117485],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[51,117487,2015],{"id":2014},[30,117489,117490,117495,117501,117507,117511],{},[33,117491,117492],{},[88,117493,117494],{"href":12200},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[33,117496,117497],{},[88,117498,3724,117499,10885],{"href":54884},[15,117500,55525],{},[33,117502,117503],{},[88,117504,3724,117505,10885],{"href":12567},[15,117506,12570],{},[33,117508,117509],{},[88,117510,15091],{"href":57144},[33,117512,117513],{},[88,117514,117515],{"href":58419},"What is a list in Python?",[2071,117517,117518],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":117520},[117521,117522,117523,117524,117525,117526,117531,117532,117533,117534,117535,117536,117543],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":115976,"depth":133,"text":115977},{"id":115997,"depth":133,"text":115998},{"id":116240,"depth":133,"text":116241},{"id":116380,"depth":133,"text":116381},{"id":116496,"depth":133,"text":116497,"children":117527},[117528,117529,117530],{"id":116503,"depth":154,"text":116504},{"id":116572,"depth":154,"text":116573},{"id":116671,"depth":154,"text":116672},{"id":116785,"depth":133,"text":116786},{"id":116917,"depth":133,"text":116918},{"id":117031,"depth":133,"text":117032},{"id":117197,"depth":133,"text":117198},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":117537},[117538,117539,117540,117541,117542],{"id":117455,"depth":154,"text":117456},{"id":57109,"depth":154,"text":57194},{"id":117467,"depth":154,"text":117468},{"id":117474,"depth":154,"text":117475},{"id":117481,"depth":154,"text":117482},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115777,"description":117544},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117550,"title":117551,"body":117552,"description":119409,"extension":2111,"meta":119410,"navigation":157,"path":119411,"seo":119412,"stem":119413,"__hash__":119414},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117553,"toc":119367},[117554,117559,117564,117572,117574,117642,117647,117652,117667,117670,117672,117703,117705,117725,117728,117743,117745,117748,117821,117823,117868,117870,117881,117886,117890,117895,117898,117937,117939,117959,117962,118019,118021,118056,118059,118098,118100,118120,118123,118154,118156,118212,118214,118219,118290,118292,118325,118330,118335,118400,118402,118439,118442,118519,118521,118581,118588,118593,118596,118599,118680,118682,118723,118728,118731,118809,118811,118844,118853,118860,118863,118874,118877,118888,118892,118900,118909,118913,118918,118922,118927,118970,118973,118979,118982,118984,119031,119036,119040,119043,119092,119094,119115,119118,119120,119145,119148,119269,119274,119276,119281,119284,119289,119292,119300,119305,119312,119315,119323,119326,119328,119364],[10,117555,3724,117557,3728],{"id":117556},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117558,74351],{},[20,117560,117561,117563],{},[15,117562,74351],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117565,117566,117567,1028,117569,117571],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117568,77794],{},[15,117570,74351],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[51,117573,3758],{"id":3757},[56,117575,117577],{"className":58,"code":117576,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117578,117579,117599,117613,117617,117629],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117580,117581,117583,117585,117587,117589,117591,117593,117595,117597],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117582,3768],{"class":71},[65,117584,76],{"class":75},[65,117586,3773],{"class":79},[65,117588,2210],{"class":96},[65,117590,100],{"class":79},[65,117592,97],{"class":96},[65,117594,100],{"class":79},[65,117596,113],{"class":96},[65,117598,3786],{"class":79},[65,117600,117601,117603,117605,117607,117609,117611],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,117602,401],{"class":71},[65,117604,76],{"class":75},[65,117606,74485],{"class":164},[65,117608,168],{"class":79},[65,117610,3800],{"class":147},[65,117612,174],{"class":79},[65,117614,117615],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,117616,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,117618,117619,117621,117623,117625,117627],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,117620,165],{"class":164},[65,117622,168],{"class":79},[65,117624,425],{"class":147},[65,117626,3813],{"class":79},[65,117628,55612],{"class":3816},[65,117630,117631,117633,117635,117637,117639],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,117632,165],{"class":164},[65,117634,168],{"class":79},[65,117636,3800],{"class":147},[65,117638,3813],{"class":79},[65,117640,117641],{"class":3816},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117643,117644,117646],{},[15,117645,74351],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[51,117648,252,117650,255],{"id":117649},"what-sorted-does",[15,117651,74351],{},[30,117653,117654,117658,117661,117664],{},[33,117655,117656,62852],{},[15,117657,74351],{},[33,117659,117660],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[33,117662,117663],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[33,117665,117666],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117668,117669],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[51,117671,283],{"id":282},[56,117673,117675],{"className":58,"code":117674,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117676,117677],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117678,117679,117681,117683,117685,117687,117689,117691,117693,117695,117697,117699,117701],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117680,74441],{"class":164},[65,117682,168],{"class":79},[65,117684,3872],{"class":147},[65,117686,100],{"class":79},[65,117688,801],{"class":9326},[65,117690,76],{"class":75},[65,117692,3930],{"class":4005},[65,117694,100],{"class":79},[65,117696,77997],{"class":9326},[65,117698,76],{"class":75},[65,117700,3827],{"class":4005},[65,117702,174],{"class":79},[1059,117704,17509],{"id":17508},[30,117706,117707,117712,117717],{},[33,117708,117709,117711],{},[15,117710,3872],{},": the values to sort",[33,117713,117714,117716],{},[15,117715,487],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[33,117718,117719,117721,117722,117724],{},[15,117720,73504],{},": set to ",[15,117723,3753],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117726,117727],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[56,117729,117731],{"className":58,"code":117730,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117732,117733],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117734,117735,117737,117739,117741],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117736,74441],{"class":164},[65,117738,168],{"class":79},[65,117740,60233],{"class":147},[65,117742,174],{"class":79},[51,117744,506],{"id":505},[20,117746,117747],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[56,117749,117751],{"className":58,"code":117750,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117752,117753,117777,117781,117796,117800,117811],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117754,117755,117757,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767,117769,117771,117773,117775],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117756,3768],{"class":71},[65,117758,76],{"class":75},[65,117760,3773],{"class":79},[65,117762,2284],{"class":96},[65,117764,100],{"class":79},[65,117766,113],{"class":96},[65,117768,100],{"class":79},[65,117770,6513],{"class":96},[65,117772,100],{"class":79},[65,117774,97],{"class":96},[65,117776,3786],{"class":79},[65,117778,117779],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,117780,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,117782,117783,117786,117788,117790,117792,117794],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,117784,117785],{"class":71},"sorted_numbers ",[65,117787,76],{"class":75},[65,117789,74485],{"class":164},[65,117791,168],{"class":79},[65,117793,3800],{"class":147},[65,117795,174],{"class":79},[65,117797,117798],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,117799,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,117801,117802,117804,117806,117809],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,117803,165],{"class":164},[65,117805,168],{"class":79},[65,117807,117808],{"class":147},"sorted_numbers",[65,117810,174],{"class":79},[65,117812,117813,117815,117817,117819],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,117814,165],{"class":164},[65,117816,168],{"class":79},[65,117818,3800],{"class":147},[65,117820,174],{"class":79},[20,117822,191],{},[56,117824,117826],{"className":58,"code":117825,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117827,117828,117848],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117829,117830,117832,117834,117836,117838,117840,117842,117844,117846],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117831,4054],{"class":79},[65,117833,3135],{"class":96},[65,117835,100],{"class":79},[65,117837,113],{"class":96},[65,117839,100],{"class":79},[65,117841,4762],{"class":96},[65,117843,100],{"class":79},[65,117845,6513],{"class":96},[65,117847,3786],{"class":79},[65,117849,117850,117852,117854,117856,117858,117860,117862,117864,117866],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,117851,4054],{"class":79},[65,117853,2284],{"class":96},[65,117855,100],{"class":79},[65,117857,113],{"class":96},[65,117859,100],{"class":79},[65,117861,6513],{"class":96},[65,117863,100],{"class":79},[65,117865,97],{"class":96},[65,117867,3786],{"class":79},[20,117869,13892],{},[30,117871,117872,117877],{},[33,117873,117874,117876],{},[15,117875,117808],{}," is a new sorted list",[33,117878,117879,112413],{},[15,117880,3800],{},[20,117882,117883,117884,144],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[88,117885,78304],{"href":78303},[51,117887,117889],{"id":117888},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117891,117892,117894],{},[15,117893,74351],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1059,117896,117897],{"id":8244},"List",[56,117899,117901],{"className":58,"code":117900,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117902,117903,117923],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117904,117905,117907,117909,117911,117913,117915,117917,117919,117921],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117906,3768],{"class":71},[65,117908,76],{"class":75},[65,117910,3773],{"class":79},[65,117912,2210],{"class":96},[65,117914,100],{"class":79},[65,117916,97],{"class":96},[65,117918,100],{"class":79},[65,117920,113],{"class":96},[65,117922,3786],{"class":79},[65,117924,117925,117927,117929,117931,117933,117935],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,117926,165],{"class":164},[65,117928,168],{"class":79},[65,117930,74441],{"class":164},[65,117932,168],{"class":79},[65,117934,3800],{"class":147},[65,117936,1870],{"class":79},[20,117938,191],{},[56,117940,117941],{"className":58,"code":55074,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,117942,117943],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117944,117945,117947,117949,117951,117953,117955,117957],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117946,4054],{"class":79},[65,117948,3135],{"class":96},[65,117950,100],{"class":79},[65,117952,113],{"class":96},[65,117954,100],{"class":79},[65,117956,127],{"class":96},[65,117958,3786],{"class":79},[1059,117960,117961],{"id":48875},"Tuple",[56,117963,117965],{"className":58,"code":117964,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117966,117967,117987,118001],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,117968,117969,117971,117973,117975,117977,117979,117981,117983,117985],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,117970,3975],{"class":71},[65,117972,76],{"class":75},[65,117974,648],{"class":79},[65,117976,2210],{"class":96},[65,117978,100],{"class":79},[65,117980,97],{"class":96},[65,117982,100],{"class":79},[65,117984,113],{"class":96},[65,117986,174],{"class":79},[65,117988,117989,117991,117993,117995,117997,117999],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,117990,165],{"class":164},[65,117992,168],{"class":79},[65,117994,74441],{"class":164},[65,117996,168],{"class":79},[65,117998,5510],{"class":147},[65,118000,1870],{"class":79},[65,118002,118003,118005,118007,118009,118011,118013,118015,118017],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,118004,165],{"class":164},[65,118006,168],{"class":79},[65,118008,3370],{"class":1368},[65,118010,168],{"class":79},[65,118012,74441],{"class":164},[65,118014,168],{"class":79},[65,118016,5510],{"class":147},[65,118018,3058],{"class":79},[20,118020,191],{},[56,118022,118024],{"className":58,"code":118023,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118025,118026,118042],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118027,118028,118030,118032,118034,118036,118038,118040],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118029,4054],{"class":79},[65,118031,3135],{"class":96},[65,118033,100],{"class":79},[65,118035,113],{"class":96},[65,118037,100],{"class":79},[65,118039,127],{"class":96},[65,118041,3786],{"class":79},[65,118043,118044,118046,118048,118050,118052,118054],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,118045,3439],{"class":75},[65,118047,3442],{"class":1696},[65,118049,233],{"class":83},[65,118051,8244],{"class":87},[65,118053,203],{"class":83},[65,118055,3451],{"class":75},[1059,118057,118058],{"id":6440},"Set",[56,118060,118062],{"className":58,"code":118061,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118063,118064,118084],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118065,118066,118068,118070,118072,118074,118076,118078,118080,118082],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118067,3975],{"class":71},[65,118069,76],{"class":75},[65,118071,80],{"class":79},[65,118073,2210],{"class":96},[65,118075,100],{"class":79},[65,118077,97],{"class":96},[65,118079,100],{"class":79},[65,118081,113],{"class":96},[65,118083,130],{"class":79},[65,118085,118086,118088,118090,118092,118094,118096],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,118087,165],{"class":164},[65,118089,168],{"class":79},[65,118091,74441],{"class":164},[65,118093,168],{"class":79},[65,118095,5510],{"class":147},[65,118097,1870],{"class":79},[20,118099,191],{},[56,118101,118102],{"className":58,"code":55074,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,118103,118104],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118105,118106,118108,118110,118112,118114,118116,118118],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118107,4054],{"class":79},[65,118109,3135],{"class":96},[65,118111,100],{"class":79},[65,118113,113],{"class":96},[65,118115,100],{"class":79},[65,118117,127],{"class":96},[65,118119,3786],{"class":79},[1059,118121,118122],{"id":61100},"String",[56,118124,118126],{"className":58,"code":118125,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118127,118128,118140],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118129,118130,118132,118134,118136,118138],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118131,34600],{"class":71},[65,118133,76],{"class":75},[65,118135,103],{"class":83},[65,118137,60],{"class":87},[65,118139,1650],{"class":83},[65,118141,118142,118144,118146,118148,118150,118152],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,118143,165],{"class":164},[65,118145,168],{"class":79},[65,118147,74441],{"class":164},[65,118149,168],{"class":79},[65,118151,34621],{"class":147},[65,118153,1870],{"class":79},[20,118155,191],{},[56,118157,118158],{"className":58,"code":79321,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,118159,118160],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118161,118162,118164,118166,118168,118170,118172,118174,118176,118178,118180,118182,118184,118186,118188,118190,118192,118194,118196,118198,118200,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118163,4054],{"class":79},[65,118165,203],{"class":83},[65,118167,60364],{"class":87},[65,118169,203],{"class":83},[65,118171,100],{"class":79},[65,118173,233],{"class":83},[65,118175,75957],{"class":87},[65,118177,203],{"class":83},[65,118179,100],{"class":79},[65,118181,233],{"class":83},[65,118183,60399],{"class":87},[65,118185,203],{"class":83},[65,118187,100],{"class":79},[65,118189,233],{"class":83},[65,118191,20],{"class":87},[65,118193,203],{"class":83},[65,118195,100],{"class":79},[65,118197,233],{"class":83},[65,118199,63213],{"class":87},[65,118201,203],{"class":83},[65,118203,100],{"class":79},[65,118205,233],{"class":83},[65,118207,944],{"class":87},[65,118209,203],{"class":83},[65,118211,3786],{"class":79},[1059,118213,877],{"id":293},[20,118215,63466,118216,118218],{},[15,118217,74351],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[56,118220,118222],{"className":58,"code":118221,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118223,118224,118276],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118225,118226,118228,118230,118232,118234,118236,118238,118240,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250,118252,118254,118256,118258,118260,118262,118264,118266,118268,118270,118272,118274],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118227,360],{"class":71},[65,118229,76],{"class":75},[65,118231,80],{"class":79},[65,118233,84],{"class":83},[65,118235,369],{"class":87},[65,118237,84],{"class":83},[65,118239,93],{"class":79},[65,118241,103],{"class":83},[65,118243,542],{"class":87},[65,118245,84],{"class":83},[65,118247,100],{"class":79},[65,118249,103],{"class":83},[65,118251,387],{"class":87},[65,118253,84],{"class":83},[65,118255,93],{"class":79},[65,118257,7940],{"class":96},[65,118259,100],{"class":79},[65,118261,103],{"class":83},[65,118263,10553],{"class":87},[65,118265,84],{"class":83},[65,118267,93],{"class":79},[65,118269,103],{"class":83},[65,118271,16153],{"class":87},[65,118273,84],{"class":83},[65,118275,130],{"class":79},[65,118277,118278,118280,118282,118284,118286,118288],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,118279,165],{"class":164},[65,118281,168],{"class":79},[65,118283,74441],{"class":164},[65,118285,168],{"class":79},[65,118287,17421],{"class":147},[65,118289,1870],{"class":79},[20,118291,191],{},[56,118293,118295],{"className":58,"code":118294,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118296,118297],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118298,118299,118301,118303,118305,118307,118309,118311,118313,118315,118317,118319,118321,118323],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118300,4054],{"class":79},[65,118302,203],{"class":83},[65,118304,387],{"class":87},[65,118306,203],{"class":83},[65,118308,100],{"class":79},[65,118310,233],{"class":83},[65,118312,10553],{"class":87},[65,118314,203],{"class":83},[65,118316,100],{"class":79},[65,118318,233],{"class":83},[65,118320,369],{"class":87},[65,118322,203],{"class":83},[65,118324,3786],{"class":79},[51,118326,8569,118328],{"id":118327},"using-reversetrue",[15,118329,78018],{},[20,118331,1309,118332,118334],{},[15,118333,78018],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[56,118336,118338],{"className":58,"code":118337,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118339,118340,118360,118364,118378],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118341,118342,118344,118346,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356,118358],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118343,3768],{"class":71},[65,118345,76],{"class":75},[65,118347,3773],{"class":79},[65,118349,2210],{"class":96},[65,118351,100],{"class":79},[65,118353,97],{"class":96},[65,118355,100],{"class":79},[65,118357,113],{"class":96},[65,118359,3786],{"class":79},[65,118361,118362],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,118363,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,118365,118366,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,118367,165],{"class":164},[65,118369,168],{"class":79},[65,118371,74441],{"class":164},[65,118373,168],{"class":79},[65,118375,3800],{"class":147},[65,118377,1870],{"class":79},[65,118379,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390,118392,118394,118396,118398],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,118381,165],{"class":164},[65,118383,168],{"class":79},[65,118385,74441],{"class":164},[65,118387,168],{"class":79},[65,118389,3800],{"class":147},[65,118391,100],{"class":79},[65,118393,77997],{"class":9326},[65,118395,76],{"class":75},[65,118397,3753],{"class":4005},[65,118399,1870],{"class":79},[20,118401,191],{},[56,118403,118405],{"className":58,"code":118404,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118406,118407,118423],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118408,118409,118411,118413,118415,118417,118419,118421],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118410,4054],{"class":79},[65,118412,3135],{"class":96},[65,118414,100],{"class":79},[65,118416,113],{"class":96},[65,118418,100],{"class":79},[65,118420,127],{"class":96},[65,118422,3786],{"class":79},[65,118424,118425,118427,118429,118431,118433,118435,118437],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,118426,4054],{"class":79},[65,118428,2210],{"class":96},[65,118430,100],{"class":79},[65,118432,113],{"class":96},[65,118434,100],{"class":79},[65,118436,97],{"class":96},[65,118438,3786],{"class":79},[20,118440,118441],{},"This also works with strings:",[56,118443,118445],{"className":58,"code":118444,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118446,118447,118479,118483,118497],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118448,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465,118467,118469,118471,118473,118475,118477],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118450,4225],{"class":71},[65,118452,76],{"class":75},[65,118454,3773],{"class":79},[65,118456,84],{"class":83},[65,118458,4234],{"class":87},[65,118460,84],{"class":83},[65,118462,100],{"class":79},[65,118464,103],{"class":83},[65,118466,4243],{"class":87},[65,118468,84],{"class":83},[65,118470,100],{"class":79},[65,118472,103],{"class":83},[65,118474,4252],{"class":87},[65,118476,84],{"class":83},[65,118478,3786],{"class":79},[65,118480,118481],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,118482,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,118484,118485,118487,118489,118491,118493,118495],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,118486,165],{"class":164},[65,118488,168],{"class":79},[65,118490,74441],{"class":164},[65,118492,168],{"class":79},[65,118494,4269],{"class":147},[65,118496,1870],{"class":79},[65,118498,118499,118501,118503,118505,118507,118509,118511,118513,118515,118517],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,118500,165],{"class":164},[65,118502,168],{"class":79},[65,118504,74441],{"class":164},[65,118506,168],{"class":79},[65,118508,4269],{"class":147},[65,118510,100],{"class":79},[65,118512,77997],{"class":9326},[65,118514,76],{"class":75},[65,118516,3753],{"class":4005},[65,118518,1870],{"class":79},[20,118520,191],{},[56,118522,118523],{"className":58,"code":74085,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,118524,118525,118553],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118526,118527,118529,118531,118533,118535,118537,118539,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549,118551],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118528,4054],{"class":79},[65,118530,203],{"class":83},[65,118532,4234],{"class":87},[65,118534,203],{"class":83},[65,118536,100],{"class":79},[65,118538,233],{"class":83},[65,118540,4243],{"class":87},[65,118542,203],{"class":83},[65,118544,100],{"class":79},[65,118546,233],{"class":83},[65,118548,4252],{"class":87},[65,118550,203],{"class":83},[65,118552,3786],{"class":79},[65,118554,118555,118557,118559,118561,118563,118565,118567,118569,118571,118573,118575,118577,118579],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,118556,4054],{"class":79},[65,118558,203],{"class":83},[65,118560,4252],{"class":87},[65,118562,203],{"class":83},[65,118564,100],{"class":79},[65,118566,233],{"class":83},[65,118568,4243],{"class":87},[65,118570,203],{"class":83},[65,118572,100],{"class":79},[65,118574,233],{"class":83},[65,118576,4234],{"class":87},[65,118578,203],{"class":83},[65,118580,3786],{"class":79},[51,118582,8569,118584,118587],{"id":118583},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118585,118586],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118589,22,118590,118592],{},[15,118591,118586],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118594,118595],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118597,118598],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[56,118600,118602],{"className":58,"code":118601,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118603,118604,118644,118648,118670],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118605,118606,118608,118610,118612,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630,118632,118634,118636,118638,118640,118642],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118607,4225],{"class":71},[65,118609,76],{"class":75},[65,118611,3773],{"class":79},[65,118613,84],{"class":83},[65,118615,78671],{"class":87},[65,118617,84],{"class":83},[65,118619,100],{"class":79},[65,118621,103],{"class":83},[65,118623,38275],{"class":87},[65,118625,84],{"class":83},[65,118627,100],{"class":79},[65,118629,103],{"class":83},[65,118631,4243],{"class":87},[65,118633,84],{"class":83},[65,118635,100],{"class":79},[65,118637,103],{"class":83},[65,118639,38258],{"class":87},[65,118641,84],{"class":83},[65,118643,3786],{"class":79},[65,118645,118646],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,118647,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,118649,118650,118652,118654,118656,118658,118660,118662,118664,118666,118668],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,118651,401],{"class":71},[65,118653,76],{"class":75},[65,118655,74485],{"class":164},[65,118657,168],{"class":79},[65,118659,4269],{"class":147},[65,118661,100],{"class":79},[65,118663,801],{"class":9326},[65,118665,76],{"class":75},[65,118667,1863],{"class":164},[65,118669,174],{"class":79},[65,118671,118672,118674,118676,118678],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,118673,165],{"class":164},[65,118675,168],{"class":79},[65,118677,425],{"class":147},[65,118679,174],{"class":79},[20,118681,191],{},[56,118683,118685],{"className":58,"code":118684,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118686,118687],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118688,118689,118691,118693,118695,118697,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711,118713,118715,118717,118719,118721],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118690,4054],{"class":79},[65,118692,203],{"class":83},[65,118694,38275],{"class":87},[65,118696,203],{"class":83},[65,118698,100],{"class":79},[65,118700,233],{"class":83},[65,118702,78671],{"class":87},[65,118704,203],{"class":83},[65,118706,100],{"class":79},[65,118708,233],{"class":83},[65,118710,38258],{"class":87},[65,118712,203],{"class":83},[65,118714,100],{"class":79},[65,118716,233],{"class":83},[65,118718,4243],{"class":87},[65,118720,203],{"class":83},[65,118722,3786],{"class":79},[20,118724,20886,118725,118727],{},[15,118726,1863],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118729,118730],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[56,118732,118734],{"className":58,"code":118733,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118735,118736,118769,118773,118799],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118737,118738,118740,118742,118744,118746,118748,118750,118752,118754,118756,118758,118760,118762,118765,118767],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118739,4225],{"class":71},[65,118741,76],{"class":75},[65,118743,3773],{"class":79},[65,118745,84],{"class":83},[65,118747,83290],{"class":87},[65,118749,84],{"class":83},[65,118751,100],{"class":79},[65,118753,103],{"class":83},[65,118755,4234],{"class":87},[65,118757,84],{"class":83},[65,118759,100],{"class":79},[65,118761,103],{"class":83},[65,118763,118764],{"class":87},"Cherry",[65,118766,84],{"class":83},[65,118768,3786],{"class":79},[65,118770,118771],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,118772,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,118774,118775,118777,118779,118781,118783,118785,118787,118789,118791,118793,118795,118797],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,118776,401],{"class":71},[65,118778,76],{"class":75},[65,118780,74485],{"class":164},[65,118782,168],{"class":79},[65,118784,4269],{"class":147},[65,118786,100],{"class":79},[65,118788,801],{"class":9326},[65,118790,76],{"class":75},[65,118792,3591],{"class":1368},[65,118794,144],{"class":79},[65,118796,8791],{"class":24857},[65,118798,174],{"class":79},[65,118800,118801,118803,118805,118807],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,118802,165],{"class":164},[65,118804,168],{"class":79},[65,118806,425],{"class":147},[65,118808,174],{"class":79},[20,118810,191],{},[56,118812,118814],{"className":58,"code":118813,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118815,118816],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118817,118818,118820,118822,118824,118826,118828,118830,118832,118834,118836,118838,118840,118842],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118819,4054],{"class":79},[65,118821,203],{"class":83},[65,118823,4234],{"class":87},[65,118825,203],{"class":83},[65,118827,100],{"class":79},[65,118829,233],{"class":83},[65,118831,83290],{"class":87},[65,118833,203],{"class":83},[65,118835,100],{"class":79},[65,118837,233],{"class":83},[65,118839,118764],{"class":87},[65,118841,203],{"class":83},[65,118843,3786],{"class":79},[20,118845,118846,118847,35243,118849,144],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118848,42280],{},[88,118850,3724,118851,3657],{"href":42277},[15,118852,42280],{},[51,118854,118856,10729,118858],{"id":118855},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118857,74351],{},[15,118859,77794],{},[20,118861,118862],{},"The main difference is this:",[30,118864,118865,118870],{},[33,118866,118867,118869],{},[15,118868,74351],{}," returns a new list",[33,118871,118872,73889],{},[15,118873,77794],{},[20,118875,118876],{},"Also:",[30,118878,118879,118884],{},[33,118880,118881,118883],{},[15,118882,74351],{}," works with many iterables",[33,118885,118886,79227],{},[15,118887,77794],{},[20,118889,1309,118890,10745],{},[15,118891,74351],{},[30,118893,118894,118897],{},[33,118895,118896],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[33,118898,118899],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118901,118902,118903,144],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[88,118904,3724,118905,10729,118907,5935],{"href":79052},[15,118906,74351],{},[15,118908,77794],{},[51,118910,118912],{"id":118911},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118914,118915,118916,144],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118917,74351],{},[1059,118919,118921],{"id":118920},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118923,118924,118925,93],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118926,3152],{},[56,118928,118930],{"className":58,"code":118929,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118931,118932,118956],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118933,118934,118936,118938,118940,118942,118944,118946,118948,118950,118952,118954],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118935,3975],{"class":71},[65,118937,76],{"class":75},[65,118939,3773],{"class":79},[65,118941,3135],{"class":96},[65,118943,100],{"class":79},[65,118945,103],{"class":83},[65,118947,2204],{"class":87},[65,118949,84],{"class":83},[65,118951,100],{"class":79},[65,118953,127],{"class":96},[65,118955,3786],{"class":79},[65,118957,118958,118960,118962,118964,118966,118968],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,118959,165],{"class":164},[65,118961,168],{"class":79},[65,118963,74441],{"class":164},[65,118965,168],{"class":79},[65,118967,5510],{"class":147},[65,118969,1870],{"class":79},[20,118971,118972],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1059,118974,118976,118977,2448],{"id":118975},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118978,487],{},[20,118980,118981],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118983,350],{},[56,118985,118987],{"className":58,"code":118986,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118988,118989,119009],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,118990,118991,118993,118995,118997,118999,119001,119003,119005,119007],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,118992,3768],{"class":71},[65,118994,76],{"class":75},[65,118996,3773],{"class":79},[65,118998,2476],{"class":96},[65,119000,100],{"class":79},[65,119002,113],{"class":96},[65,119004,100],{"class":79},[65,119006,7945],{"class":96},[65,119008,3786],{"class":79},[65,119010,119011,119013,119015,119017,119019,119021,119023,119025,119027,119029],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,119012,165],{"class":164},[65,119014,168],{"class":79},[65,119016,74441],{"class":164},[65,119018,168],{"class":79},[65,119020,3800],{"class":147},[65,119022,100],{"class":79},[65,119024,801],{"class":9326},[65,119026,76],{"class":75},[65,119028,1863],{"class":164},[65,119030,1870],{"class":79},[20,119032,48432,119033,119035],{},[15,119034,42280],{}," does not work on integers.",[1059,119037,119039],{"id":119038},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119041,119042],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[56,119044,119046],{"className":58,"code":119045,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119047,119048,119068,119078,119082],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,119049,119050,119052,119054,119056,119058,119060,119062,119064,119066],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,119051,3768],{"class":71},[65,119053,76],{"class":75},[65,119055,3773],{"class":79},[65,119057,2210],{"class":96},[65,119059,100],{"class":79},[65,119061,97],{"class":96},[65,119063,100],{"class":79},[65,119065,113],{"class":96},[65,119067,3786],{"class":79},[65,119069,119070,119072,119074,119076],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,119071,74441],{"class":164},[65,119073,168],{"class":79},[65,119075,3800],{"class":147},[65,119077,174],{"class":79},[65,119079,119080],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,119081,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,119083,119084,119086,119088,119090],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,119085,165],{"class":164},[65,119087,168],{"class":79},[65,119089,3800],{"class":147},[65,119091,174],{"class":79},[20,119093,191],{},[56,119095,119097],{"className":58,"code":119096,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119098,119099],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,119100,119101,119103,119105,119107,119109,119111,119113],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,119102,4054],{"class":79},[65,119104,2210],{"class":96},[65,119106,100],{"class":79},[65,119108,97],{"class":96},[65,119110,100],{"class":79},[65,119112,113],{"class":96},[65,119114,3786],{"class":79},[20,119116,119117],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[51,119119,1766],{"id":1765},[30,119121,119122,119126,119129,119134,119138],{},[33,119123,4736,119124,73889],{},[15,119125,74351],{},[33,119127,119128],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[33,119130,1812,119131,119133],{},[15,119132,74351],{}," always returns a list",[33,119135,8569,119136,23211],{},[15,119137,118586],{},[33,119139,1326,119140,119142,119143],{},[15,119141,64238],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119144,74351],{},[20,119146,119147],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[56,119149,119151],{"className":58,"code":119150,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119152,119153,119175,119201,119239],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,119154,119155,119157,119159,119161,119163,119165,119167,119169,119171,119173],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,119156,165],{"class":164},[65,119158,168],{"class":79},[65,119160,74441],{"class":164},[65,119162,3132],{"class":79},[65,119164,2210],{"class":96},[65,119166,100],{"class":79},[65,119168,97],{"class":96},[65,119170,100],{"class":79},[65,119172,113],{"class":96},[65,119174,3146],{"class":79},[65,119176,119177,119179,119181,119183,119185,119187,119189,119191,119193,119195,119197,119199],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,119178,165],{"class":164},[65,119180,168],{"class":79},[65,119182,3370],{"class":1368},[65,119184,168],{"class":79},[65,119186,74441],{"class":164},[65,119188,5662],{"class":79},[65,119190,2210],{"class":96},[65,119192,100],{"class":79},[65,119194,97],{"class":96},[65,119196,100],{"class":79},[65,119198,113],{"class":96},[65,119200,93294],{"class":79},[65,119202,119203,119205,119207,119209,119211,119213,119215,119217,119219,119221,119223,119225,119227,119229,119231,119233,119235,119237],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,119204,165],{"class":164},[65,119206,168],{"class":79},[65,119208,74441],{"class":164},[65,119210,3132],{"class":79},[65,119212,203],{"class":83},[65,119214,83290],{"class":87},[65,119216,203],{"class":83},[65,119218,100],{"class":79},[65,119220,233],{"class":83},[65,119222,4234],{"class":87},[65,119224,203],{"class":83},[65,119226,18177],{"class":79},[65,119228,801],{"class":9326},[65,119230,76],{"class":75},[65,119232,3591],{"class":1368},[65,119234,144],{"class":79},[65,119236,8791],{"class":24857},[65,119238,1870],{"class":79},[65,119240,119241,119243,119245,119247,119249,119251,119253,119255,119257,119259,119261,119263,119265,119267],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,119242,165],{"class":164},[65,119244,168],{"class":79},[65,119246,74441],{"class":164},[65,119248,3132],{"class":79},[65,119250,2210],{"class":96},[65,119252,100],{"class":79},[65,119254,97],{"class":96},[65,119256,100],{"class":79},[65,119258,113],{"class":96},[65,119260,18177],{"class":79},[65,119262,77997],{"class":9326},[65,119264,76],{"class":75},[65,119266,3753],{"class":4005},[65,119268,1870],{"class":79},[20,119270,119271,119272,144],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[88,119273,52695],{"href":50902},[51,119275,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,119277,1966,119279,57088],{"id":119278},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119280,74351],{},[20,119282,119283],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1059,119285,1953,119287,12849],{"id":119286},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119288,74351],{},[20,119290,119291],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1059,119293,119295,119296,11237,119298,2637],{"id":119294},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119297,74351],{},[15,119299,77794],{},[20,119301,1309,119302,119304],{},[15,119303,74351],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1059,119306,1953,119308,86378,119310,2637],{"id":119307},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119309,118586],{},[15,119311,74351],{},[20,119313,119314],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1059,119316,5308,119318,119320,119321,2637],{"id":119317},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119319,74351],{}," give a ",[15,119322,3152],{},[20,119324,119325],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[51,119327,2015],{"id":2014},[30,119329,119330,119334,119342,119346,119352,119358],{},[33,119331,119332],{},[88,119333,79800],{"href":78303},[33,119335,119336],{},[88,119337,3724,119338,10729,119340,5935],{"href":79052},[15,119339,74351],{},[15,119341,77794],{},[33,119343,119344],{},[88,119345,52695],{"href":50902},[33,119347,119348],{},[88,119349,3724,119350,3657],{"href":42277},[15,119351,42280],{},[33,119353,119354],{},[88,119355,3724,119356,3657],{"href":91950},[15,119357,35663],{},[33,119359,119360],{},[88,119361,3724,119362,3657],{"href":36110},[15,119363,36113],{},[2071,119365,119366],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":119368},[119369,119370,119372,119375,119376,119383,119385,119387,119389,119395,119396,119408],{"id":3757,"depth":133,"text":3758},{"id":117649,"depth":133,"text":119371},"What sorted() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283,"children":119373},[119374],{"id":17508,"depth":154,"text":17509},{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506},{"id":117888,"depth":133,"text":117889,"children":119377},[119378,119379,119380,119381,119382],{"id":8244,"depth":154,"text":117897},{"id":48875,"depth":154,"text":117961},{"id":6440,"depth":154,"text":118058},{"id":61100,"depth":154,"text":118122},{"id":293,"depth":154,"text":877},{"id":118327,"depth":133,"text":119384},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118583,"depth":133,"text":119386},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118855,"depth":133,"text":119388},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118911,"depth":133,"text":118912,"children":119390},[119391,119392,119394],{"id":118920,"depth":154,"text":118921},{"id":118975,"depth":154,"text":119393},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119038,"depth":154,"text":119039},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":119397},[119398,119400,119402,119404,119406],{"id":119278,"depth":154,"text":119399},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119286,"depth":154,"text":119401},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119294,"depth":154,"text":119403},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119307,"depth":154,"text":119405},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119317,"depth":154,"text":119407},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117551,"description":119409},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119416,"title":119417,"body":119418,"description":121529,"extension":2111,"meta":121530,"navigation":157,"path":79052,"seo":121531,"stem":121532,"__hash__":121533},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119419,"toc":121476},[119420,119427,119430,119440,119446,119449,119467,119475,119477,119536,119544,119548,119570,119574,119578,119580,119597,119599,119611,119617,119701,119705,119752,119758,119765,119769,119774,119776,119788,119793,119846,119850,119870,119877,119884,119888,119891,119910,119914,120028,120032,120102,120104,120116,120121,120125,120138,120142,120217,120221,120260,120267,120273,120278,120282,120296,120300,120365,120369,120402,120405,120410,120418,120425,120438,120441,120445,120528,120532,120569,120573,120676,120680,120741,120746,120753,120757,120760,120766,120769,120836,120840,120864,120866,120884,120891,120944,120948,120968,120974,120976,121033,121040,121066,121071,121076,121084,121090,121150,121154,121201,121204,121206,121209,121235,121238,121331,121333,121353,121357,121360,121378,121384,121386,121394,121399,121406,121409,121415,121418,121424,121432,121440,121445,121447,121473],[10,119421,3724,119423,10729,119425,93008],{"id":119422},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119424,74351],{},[15,119426,77794],{},[20,119428,119429],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[30,119431,119432,119436],{},[33,119433,119434],{},[15,119435,74351],{},[33,119437,119438],{},[15,119439,77794],{},[20,119441,119442,119443,119445],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[46,119444,1014],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119447,119448],{},"The main difference is simple:",[30,119450,119451,119459],{},[33,119452,1309,119453,119455,119456],{},[15,119454,74351],{}," when you want a ",[46,119457,119458],{},"new sorted result",[33,119460,1309,119461,119463,119464],{},[15,119462,77794],{}," when you want to ",[46,119465,119466],{},"change the original list",[20,119468,119469,119470,2543,119472,119474],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119471,77794],{},[15,119473,3930],{}," and causes confusion.",[51,119476,3758],{"id":3757},[56,119478,119480],{"className":58,"code":119479,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119481,119482,119502,119506,119523],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,119483,119484,119486,119488,119490,119492,119494,119496,119498,119500],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,119485,3768],{"class":71},[65,119487,76],{"class":75},[65,119489,3773],{"class":79},[65,119491,2210],{"class":96},[65,119493,100],{"class":79},[65,119495,97],{"class":96},[65,119497,100],{"class":79},[65,119499,113],{"class":96},[65,119501,3786],{"class":79},[65,119503,119504],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,119505,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,119507,119508,119510,119512,119514,119516,119518,119520],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,119509,55814],{"class":71},[65,119511,76],{"class":75},[65,119513,74485],{"class":164},[65,119515,168],{"class":79},[65,119517,3800],{"class":147},[65,119519,3813],{"class":79},[65,119521,119522],{"class":3816},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[65,119524,119525,119527,119529,119531,119533],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,119526,3800],{"class":71},[65,119528,144],{"class":79},[65,119530,34712],{"class":147},[65,119532,7515],{"class":79},[65,119534,119535],{"class":3816},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119537,1309,119538,119540,119541,119543],{},[15,119539,74351],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119542,77794],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[51,119545,119547],{"id":119546},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[30,119549,119550,119555,119560,119567],{},[33,119551,1309,119552,119554],{},[15,119553,74351],{}," to get a new sorted list",[33,119556,1309,119557,119559],{},[15,119558,77794],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[33,119561,119562,119563,2543,119565],{},"Understand why ",[15,119564,77794],{},[15,119566,3930],{},[33,119568,119569],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[51,119571,252,119572,255],{"id":117649},[15,119573,74351],{},[20,119575,119576,62852],{},[15,119577,74351],{},[20,119579,48849],{},[30,119581,119582,119588,119594],{},[33,119583,119584,119585],{},"returns a ",[46,119586,119587],{},"new list",[33,119589,119590,119591,119593],{},"does ",[46,119592,1014],{}," change the original data",[33,119595,119596],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119598,51056],{},[30,119600,119601,119603,119605,119607,119609],{},[33,119602,5451],{},[33,119604,5454],{},[33,119606,5460],{},[33,119608,5457],{},[33,119610,35824],{},[1059,119612,34991,119614,119616],{"id":119613},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119615,74351],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[56,119618,119620],{"className":58,"code":119619,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119621,119622,119642,119646,119660,119664,119682],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,119623,119624,119626,119628,119630,119632,119634,119636,119638,119640],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,119625,3768],{"class":71},[65,119627,76],{"class":75},[65,119629,3773],{"class":79},[65,119631,2210],{"class":96},[65,119633,100],{"class":79},[65,119635,97],{"class":96},[65,119637,100],{"class":79},[65,119639,113],{"class":96},[65,119641,3786],{"class":79},[65,119643,119644],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,119645,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,119647,119648,119650,119652,119654,119656,119658],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,119649,401],{"class":71},[65,119651,76],{"class":75},[65,119653,74485],{"class":164},[65,119655,168],{"class":79},[65,119657,3800],{"class":147},[65,119659,174],{"class":79},[65,119661,119662],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,119663,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,119665,119666,119668,119670,119672,119674,119676,119678,119680],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,119667,165],{"class":164},[65,119669,168],{"class":79},[65,119671,84],{"class":83},[65,119673,12289],{"class":87},[65,119675,84],{"class":83},[65,119677,100],{"class":79},[65,119679,4419],{"class":147},[65,119681,174],{"class":79},[65,119683,119684,119686,119688,119690,119693,119695,119697,119699],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,119685,165],{"class":164},[65,119687,168],{"class":79},[65,119689,84],{"class":83},[65,119691,119692],{"class":87},"sorted result:",[65,119694,84],{"class":83},[65,119696,100],{"class":79},[65,119698,81144],{"class":147},[65,119700,174],{"class":79},[20,119702,119703],{},[46,119704,191],{},[56,119706,119708],{"className":58,"code":119707,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119709,119710,119730],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,119711,119712,119714,119716,119718,119720,119722,119724,119726,119728],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,119713,12268],{"class":71},[65,119715,93],{"class":79},[65,119717,3773],{"class":79},[65,119719,2210],{"class":96},[65,119721,100],{"class":79},[65,119723,97],{"class":96},[65,119725,100],{"class":79},[65,119727,113],{"class":96},[65,119729,3786],{"class":79},[65,119731,119732,119734,119736,119738,119740,119742,119744,119746,119748,119750],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,119733,74441],{"class":164},[65,119735,81144],{"class":71},[65,119737,93],{"class":79},[65,119739,3773],{"class":79},[65,119741,3135],{"class":96},[65,119743,100],{"class":79},[65,119745,113],{"class":96},[65,119747,100],{"class":79},[65,119749,127],{"class":96},[65,119751,3786],{"class":79},[20,119753,119754,119755,119757],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119756,3800],{}," stays the same.",[20,119759,119760,119761,144],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[88,119762,3724,119763,3657],{"href":74448},[15,119764,74351],{},[51,119766,252,119767,255],{"id":77860},[15,119768,77794],{},[20,119770,119771,119773],{},[15,119772,64238],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119775,48849],{},[30,119777,119778,119781,119784],{},[33,119779,119780],{},"changes the original list directly",[33,119782,119783],{},"only works on lists",[33,119785,1073,119786],{},[15,119787,3930],{},[1059,119789,34991,119791,73889],{"id":119790},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119792,77794],{},[56,119794,119796],{"className":58,"code":119795,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119797,119798,119818,119822,119832,119836],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,119799,119800,119802,119804,119806,119808,119810,119812,119814,119816],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,119801,3768],{"class":71},[65,119803,76],{"class":75},[65,119805,3773],{"class":79},[65,119807,2210],{"class":96},[65,119809,100],{"class":79},[65,119811,97],{"class":96},[65,119813,100],{"class":79},[65,119815,113],{"class":96},[65,119817,3786],{"class":79},[65,119819,119820],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,119821,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,119823,119824,119826,119828,119830],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,119825,3800],{"class":71},[65,119827,144],{"class":79},[65,119829,34712],{"class":147},[65,119831,151],{"class":79},[65,119833,119834],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,119835,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,119837,119838,119840,119842,119844],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,119839,165],{"class":164},[65,119841,168],{"class":79},[65,119843,3800],{"class":147},[65,119845,174],{"class":79},[20,119847,119848],{},[46,119849,191],{},[56,119851,119852],{"className":58,"code":55074,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,119853,119854],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,119855,119856,119858,119860,119862,119864,119866,119868],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,119857,4054],{"class":79},[65,119859,3135],{"class":96},[65,119861,100],{"class":79},[65,119863,113],{"class":96},[65,119865,100],{"class":79},[65,119867,127],{"class":96},[65,119869,3786],{"class":79},[20,119871,119872,119873,119876],{},"After calling ",[15,119874,119875],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119878,119879,119880,144],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[88,119881,3724,119882,10885],{"href":74702},[15,119883,77794],{},[51,119885,119887],{"id":119886},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119889,119890],{},"Here is the core difference:",[30,119892,119893,119902],{},[33,119894,119895,119898,119899],{},[15,119896,119897],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[46,119900,119901],{},"new sorted list",[33,119903,119904,119907,119908,74259],{},[15,119905,119906],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119909,8490],{},[1059,119911,119913],{"id":119912},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[56,119915,119917],{"className":58,"code":119916,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119918,119919,119939,119943,119957,119976,119995,119999,120009],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,119920,119921,119923,119925,119927,119929,119931,119933,119935,119937],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,119922,3768],{"class":71},[65,119924,76],{"class":75},[65,119926,3773],{"class":79},[65,119928,2284],{"class":96},[65,119930,100],{"class":79},[65,119932,113],{"class":96},[65,119934,100],{"class":79},[65,119936,2602],{"class":96},[65,119938,3786],{"class":79},[65,119940,119941],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,119942,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,119944,119945,119947,119949,119951,119953,119955],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,119946,2700],{"class":71},[65,119948,76],{"class":75},[65,119950,74485],{"class":164},[65,119952,168],{"class":79},[65,119954,3800],{"class":147},[65,119956,174],{"class":79},[65,119958,119959,119961,119963,119965,119968,119970,119972,119974],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,119960,165],{"class":164},[65,119962,168],{"class":79},[65,119964,84],{"class":83},[65,119966,119967],{"class":87},"numbers after sorted():",[65,119969,84],{"class":83},[65,119971,100],{"class":79},[65,119973,4419],{"class":147},[65,119975,174],{"class":79},[65,119977,119978,119980,119982,119984,119987,119989,119991,119993],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,119979,165],{"class":164},[65,119981,168],{"class":79},[65,119983,84],{"class":83},[65,119985,119986],{"class":87},"a:",[65,119988,84],{"class":83},[65,119990,100],{"class":79},[65,119992,56812],{"class":147},[65,119994,174],{"class":79},[65,119996,119997],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,119998,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,120000,120001,120003,120005,120007],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,120002,3800],{"class":71},[65,120004,144],{"class":79},[65,120006,34712],{"class":147},[65,120008,151],{"class":79},[65,120010,120011,120013,120015,120017,120020,120022,120024,120026],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,120012,165],{"class":164},[65,120014,168],{"class":79},[65,120016,84],{"class":83},[65,120018,120019],{"class":87},"numbers after sort():",[65,120021,84],{"class":83},[65,120023,100],{"class":79},[65,120025,4419],{"class":147},[65,120027,174],{"class":79},[20,120029,120030],{},[46,120031,191],{},[56,120033,120035],{"className":58,"code":120034,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120036,120037,120060,120080],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120038,120039,120042,120044,120046,120048,120050,120052,120054,120056,120058],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120040,120041],{"class":71},"numbers after ",[65,120043,74441],{"class":164},[65,120045,1258],{"class":79},[65,120047,3773],{"class":79},[65,120049,2284],{"class":96},[65,120051,100],{"class":79},[65,120053,113],{"class":96},[65,120055,100],{"class":79},[65,120057,2602],{"class":96},[65,120059,3786],{"class":79},[65,120061,120062,120064,120066,120068,120070,120072,120074,120076,120078],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,120063,88],{"class":71},[65,120065,93],{"class":79},[65,120067,3773],{"class":79},[65,120069,2204],{"class":96},[65,120071,100],{"class":79},[65,120073,2602],{"class":96},[65,120075,100],{"class":79},[65,120077,4762],{"class":96},[65,120079,3786],{"class":79},[65,120081,120082,120084,120086,120088,120090,120092,120094,120096,120098,120100],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,120083,120041],{"class":71},[65,120085,34712],{"class":147},[65,120087,1258],{"class":79},[65,120089,3773],{"class":79},[65,120091,2204],{"class":96},[65,120093,100],{"class":79},[65,120095,2602],{"class":96},[65,120097,100],{"class":79},[65,120099,4762],{"class":96},[65,120101,3786],{"class":79},[20,120103,10857],{},[30,120105,120106,120111],{},[33,120107,120108,120110],{},[15,120109,74351],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[33,120112,120113,120115],{},[15,120114,64238],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[51,120117,1553,120119],{"id":120118},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120120,74351],{},[20,120122,1309,120123,10745],{},[15,120124,74351],{},[30,120126,120127,120130,120132,120135],{},[33,120128,120129],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[33,120131,118899],{},[33,120133,120134],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[33,120136,120137],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1059,120139,120141],{"id":120140},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[56,120143,120145],{"className":58,"code":120144,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120146,120147,120171,120175,120189,120193,120203],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120148,120149,120151,120153,120155,120157,120159,120161,120163,120165,120167,120169],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120150,3768],{"class":71},[65,120152,76],{"class":75},[65,120154,648],{"class":79},[65,120156,2650],{"class":96},[65,120158,100],{"class":79},[65,120160,97],{"class":96},[65,120162,100],{"class":79},[65,120164,127],{"class":96},[65,120166,100],{"class":79},[65,120168,113],{"class":96},[65,120170,174],{"class":79},[65,120172,120173],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,120174,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,120176,120177,120179,120181,120183,120185,120187],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,120178,401],{"class":71},[65,120180,76],{"class":75},[65,120182,74485],{"class":164},[65,120184,168],{"class":79},[65,120186,3800],{"class":147},[65,120188,174],{"class":79},[65,120190,120191],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,120192,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,120194,120195,120197,120199,120201],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,120196,165],{"class":164},[65,120198,168],{"class":79},[65,120200,425],{"class":147},[65,120202,174],{"class":79},[65,120204,120205,120207,120209,120211,120213,120215],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,120206,165],{"class":164},[65,120208,168],{"class":79},[65,120210,3370],{"class":1368},[65,120212,168],{"class":79},[65,120214,425],{"class":147},[65,120216,1870],{"class":79},[20,120218,120219],{},[46,120220,191],{},[56,120222,120224],{"className":58,"code":120223,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120225,120226,120246],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120227,120228,120230,120232,120234,120236,120238,120240,120242,120244],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120229,4054],{"class":79},[65,120231,3135],{"class":96},[65,120233,100],{"class":79},[65,120235,113],{"class":96},[65,120237,100],{"class":79},[65,120239,127],{"class":96},[65,120241,100],{"class":79},[65,120243,2602],{"class":96},[65,120245,3786],{"class":79},[65,120247,120248,120250,120252,120254,120256,120258],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,120249,3439],{"class":75},[65,120251,3442],{"class":1696},[65,120253,233],{"class":83},[65,120255,8244],{"class":87},[65,120257,203],{"class":83},[65,120259,3451],{"class":75},[20,120261,2431,120262,120264,120265,144],{},[15,120263,74351],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[46,120266,8244],{},[20,120268,120269,120270,120272],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[88,120271,52695],{"href":50902}," is a helpful next step.",[51,120274,1553,120276],{"id":120275},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120277,77794],{},[20,120279,1309,120280,10745],{},[15,120281,77794],{},[30,120283,120284,120287,120290,120293],{},[33,120285,120286],{},"you already have a list",[33,120288,120289],{},"you want to update that list directly",[33,120291,120292],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[33,120294,120295],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1059,120297,120299],{"id":120298},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[56,120301,120303],{"className":58,"code":120302,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120304,120305,120337,120341,120351,120355],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120306,120307,120309,120311,120313,120315,120317,120319,120321,120323,120325,120327,120329,120331,120333,120335],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120308,5150],{"class":71},[65,120310,76],{"class":75},[65,120312,3773],{"class":79},[65,120314,84],{"class":83},[65,120316,5176],{"class":87},[65,120318,84],{"class":83},[65,120320,100],{"class":79},[65,120322,103],{"class":83},[65,120324,378],{"class":87},[65,120326,84],{"class":83},[65,120328,100],{"class":79},[65,120330,103],{"class":83},[65,120332,5167],{"class":87},[65,120334,84],{"class":83},[65,120336,3786],{"class":79},[65,120338,120339],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,120340,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,120342,120343,120345,120347,120349],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,120344,5193],{"class":71},[65,120346,144],{"class":79},[65,120348,34712],{"class":147},[65,120350,151],{"class":79},[65,120352,120353],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,120354,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,120356,120357,120359,120361,120363],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,120358,165],{"class":164},[65,120360,168],{"class":79},[65,120362,5193],{"class":147},[65,120364,174],{"class":79},[20,120366,120367],{},[46,120368,191],{},[56,120370,120372],{"className":58,"code":120371,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120373,120374],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120375,120376,120378,120380,120382,120384,120386,120388,120390,120392,120394,120396,120398,120400],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120377,4054],{"class":79},[65,120379,203],{"class":83},[65,120381,378],{"class":87},[65,120383,203],{"class":83},[65,120385,100],{"class":79},[65,120387,233],{"class":83},[65,120389,5167],{"class":87},[65,120391,203],{"class":83},[65,120393,100],{"class":79},[65,120395,233],{"class":83},[65,120397,5176],{"class":87},[65,120399,203],{"class":83},[65,120401,3786],{"class":79},[20,120403,120404],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120406,120407,120408,144],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[88,120409,79800],{"href":78303},[51,120411,120413,1048,120415,120417],{"id":120412},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120414,73504],{},[15,120416,487],{}," work with both",[20,120419,10734,120420,1048,120422,120424],{},[15,120421,74351],{},[15,120423,77794],{}," support:",[30,120426,120427,120432],{},[33,120428,120429,120431],{},[15,120430,78018],{}," for descending order",[33,120433,120434,120437],{},[15,120435,120436],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120439,120440],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1059,120442,120444],{"id":120443},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[56,120446,120448],{"className":58,"code":120447,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120449,120450,120470,120474,120496,120500,120518],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120451,120452,120454,120456,120458,120460,120462,120464,120466,120468],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120453,3768],{"class":71},[65,120455,76],{"class":75},[65,120457,3773],{"class":79},[65,120459,2210],{"class":96},[65,120461,100],{"class":79},[65,120463,97],{"class":96},[65,120465,100],{"class":79},[65,120467,113],{"class":96},[65,120469,3786],{"class":79},[65,120471,120472],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,120473,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,120475,120476,120478,120480,120482,120484,120486,120488,120490,120492,120494],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,120477,165],{"class":164},[65,120479,168],{"class":79},[65,120481,74441],{"class":164},[65,120483,168],{"class":79},[65,120485,3800],{"class":147},[65,120487,100],{"class":79},[65,120489,77997],{"class":9326},[65,120491,76],{"class":75},[65,120493,3753],{"class":4005},[65,120495,1870],{"class":79},[65,120497,120498],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,120499,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,120501,120502,120504,120506,120508,120510,120512,120514,120516],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,120503,3800],{"class":71},[65,120505,144],{"class":79},[65,120507,34712],{"class":147},[65,120509,168],{"class":79},[65,120511,73504],{"class":9326},[65,120513,76],{"class":75},[65,120515,3753],{"class":4005},[65,120517,174],{"class":79},[65,120519,120520,120522,120524,120526],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,120521,165],{"class":164},[65,120523,168],{"class":79},[65,120525,3800],{"class":147},[65,120527,174],{"class":79},[20,120529,120530],{},[46,120531,191],{},[56,120533,120535],{"className":58,"code":120534,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120536,120537,120553],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120538,120539,120541,120543,120545,120547,120549,120551],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120540,4054],{"class":79},[65,120542,2210],{"class":96},[65,120544,100],{"class":79},[65,120546,113],{"class":96},[65,120548,100],{"class":79},[65,120550,97],{"class":96},[65,120552,3786],{"class":79},[65,120554,120555,120557,120559,120561,120563,120565,120567],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,120556,4054],{"class":79},[65,120558,2210],{"class":96},[65,120560,100],{"class":79},[65,120562,113],{"class":96},[65,120564,100],{"class":79},[65,120566,97],{"class":96},[65,120568,3786],{"class":79},[1059,120570,120572],{"id":120571},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[56,120574,120576],{"className":58,"code":120575,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120577,120578,120610,120614,120640,120644,120666],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120579,120580,120582,120584,120586,120588,120590,120592,120594,120596,120598,120600,120602,120604,120606,120608],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120581,4225],{"class":71},[65,120583,76],{"class":75},[65,120585,3773],{"class":79},[65,120587,84],{"class":83},[65,120589,83290],{"class":87},[65,120591,84],{"class":83},[65,120593,100],{"class":79},[65,120595,103],{"class":83},[65,120597,4234],{"class":87},[65,120599,84],{"class":83},[65,120601,100],{"class":79},[65,120603,103],{"class":83},[65,120605,118764],{"class":87},[65,120607,84],{"class":83},[65,120609,3786],{"class":79},[65,120611,120612],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,120613,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,120615,120616,120618,120620,120622,120624,120626,120628,120630,120632,120634,120636,120638],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,120617,165],{"class":164},[65,120619,168],{"class":79},[65,120621,74441],{"class":164},[65,120623,168],{"class":79},[65,120625,4269],{"class":147},[65,120627,100],{"class":79},[65,120629,801],{"class":9326},[65,120631,76],{"class":75},[65,120633,3591],{"class":1368},[65,120635,144],{"class":79},[65,120637,8791],{"class":24857},[65,120639,1870],{"class":79},[65,120641,120642],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,120643,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,120645,120646,120648,120650,120652,120654,120656,120658,120660,120662,120664],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,120647,4269],{"class":71},[65,120649,144],{"class":79},[65,120651,34712],{"class":147},[65,120653,168],{"class":79},[65,120655,487],{"class":9326},[65,120657,76],{"class":75},[65,120659,3591],{"class":1368},[65,120661,144],{"class":79},[65,120663,8791],{"class":24857},[65,120665,174],{"class":79},[65,120667,120668,120670,120672,120674],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,120669,165],{"class":164},[65,120671,168],{"class":79},[65,120673,4269],{"class":147},[65,120675,174],{"class":79},[20,120677,120678],{},[46,120679,191],{},[56,120681,120683],{"className":58,"code":120682,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120684,120685,120713],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120686,120687,120689,120691,120693,120695,120697,120699,120701,120703,120705,120707,120709,120711],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120688,4054],{"class":79},[65,120690,203],{"class":83},[65,120692,4234],{"class":87},[65,120694,203],{"class":83},[65,120696,100],{"class":79},[65,120698,233],{"class":83},[65,120700,83290],{"class":87},[65,120702,203],{"class":83},[65,120704,100],{"class":79},[65,120706,233],{"class":83},[65,120708,118764],{"class":87},[65,120710,203],{"class":83},[65,120712,3786],{"class":79},[65,120714,120715,120717,120719,120721,120723,120725,120727,120729,120731,120733,120735,120737,120739],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,120716,4054],{"class":79},[65,120718,203],{"class":83},[65,120720,4234],{"class":87},[65,120722,203],{"class":83},[65,120724,100],{"class":79},[65,120726,233],{"class":83},[65,120728,83290],{"class":87},[65,120730,203],{"class":83},[65,120732,100],{"class":79},[65,120734,233],{"class":83},[65,120736,118764],{"class":87},[65,120738,203],{"class":83},[65,120740,3786],{"class":79},[20,120742,8569,120743,120745],{},[15,120744,78512],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120747,120748,120749,144],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[88,120750,120752],{"href":120751},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[51,120754,120756],{"id":120755},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120758,120759],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1059,120761,120763,120764,12731],{"id":120762},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120765,77794],{},[20,120767,120768],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[56,120770,120772],{"className":58,"code":120771,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120773,120774,120794,120798,120812,120816,120826],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120775,120776,120778,120780,120782,120784,120786,120788,120790,120792],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120777,3768],{"class":71},[65,120779,76],{"class":75},[65,120781,3773],{"class":79},[65,120783,2210],{"class":96},[65,120785,100],{"class":79},[65,120787,97],{"class":96},[65,120789,100],{"class":79},[65,120791,113],{"class":96},[65,120793,3786],{"class":79},[65,120795,120796],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,120797,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,120799,120800,120802,120804,120806,120808,120810],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,120801,401],{"class":71},[65,120803,76],{"class":75},[65,120805,4419],{"class":71},[65,120807,144],{"class":79},[65,120809,34712],{"class":147},[65,120811,151],{"class":79},[65,120813,120814],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,120815,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,120817,120818,120820,120822,120824],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,120819,165],{"class":164},[65,120821,168],{"class":79},[65,120823,425],{"class":147},[65,120825,174],{"class":79},[65,120827,120828,120830,120832,120834],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,120829,165],{"class":164},[65,120831,168],{"class":79},[65,120833,3800],{"class":147},[65,120835,174],{"class":79},[20,120837,120838],{},[46,120839,191],{},[56,120841,120842],{"className":58,"code":79135,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,120843,120844,120848],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120845,120846],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120847,11943],{"class":4005},[65,120849,120850,120852,120854,120856,120858,120860,120862],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,120851,4054],{"class":79},[65,120853,3135],{"class":96},[65,120855,100],{"class":79},[65,120857,113],{"class":96},[65,120859,100],{"class":79},[65,120861,127],{"class":96},[65,120863,3786],{"class":79},[20,120865,12035],{},[30,120867,120868,120873,120878],{},[33,120869,120870,120872],{},[15,120871,119875],{}," sorts the list in place",[33,120874,34928,120875,120877],{},[46,120876,1014],{}," return the sorted list",[33,120879,89914,120880,42074,120882],{},[15,120881,425],{},[15,120883,3930],{},[1059,120885,120887,120888,120890],{"id":120886},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120889,74351],{}," to change the original list",[56,120892,120894],{"className":58,"code":120893,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120895,120896,120916,120920,120930,120934],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120897,120898,120900,120902,120904,120906,120908,120910,120912,120914],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120899,3768],{"class":71},[65,120901,76],{"class":75},[65,120903,3773],{"class":79},[65,120905,2210],{"class":96},[65,120907,100],{"class":79},[65,120909,97],{"class":96},[65,120911,100],{"class":79},[65,120913,113],{"class":96},[65,120915,3786],{"class":79},[65,120917,120918],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,120919,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,120921,120922,120924,120926,120928],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,120923,74441],{"class":164},[65,120925,168],{"class":79},[65,120927,3800],{"class":147},[65,120929,174],{"class":79},[65,120931,120932],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,120933,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,120935,120936,120938,120940,120942],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,120937,165],{"class":164},[65,120939,168],{"class":79},[65,120941,3800],{"class":147},[65,120943,174],{"class":79},[20,120945,120946],{},[46,120947,191],{},[56,120949,120950],{"className":58,"code":119096,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,120951,120952],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120953,120954,120956,120958,120960,120962,120964,120966],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120955,4054],{"class":79},[65,120957,2210],{"class":96},[65,120959,100],{"class":79},[65,120961,97],{"class":96},[65,120963,100],{"class":79},[65,120965,113],{"class":96},[65,120967,3786],{"class":79},[20,120969,120970,120973],{},[15,120971,120972],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120975,10952],{},[56,120977,120979],{"className":58,"code":120978,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120980,120981,121001,121005,121019,121023],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,120982,120983,120985,120987,120989,120991,120993,120995,120997,120999],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,120984,3768],{"class":71},[65,120986,76],{"class":75},[65,120988,3773],{"class":79},[65,120990,2210],{"class":96},[65,120992,100],{"class":79},[65,120994,97],{"class":96},[65,120996,100],{"class":79},[65,120998,113],{"class":96},[65,121000,3786],{"class":79},[65,121002,121003],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,121004,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,121006,121007,121009,121011,121013,121015,121017],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,121008,55566],{"class":71},[65,121010,76],{"class":75},[65,121012,74485],{"class":164},[65,121014,168],{"class":79},[65,121016,3800],{"class":147},[65,121018,174],{"class":79},[65,121020,121021],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,121022,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,121024,121025,121027,121029,121031],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,121026,165],{"class":164},[65,121028,168],{"class":79},[65,121030,55585],{"class":147},[65,121032,174],{"class":79},[1059,121034,121036,121037,121039],{"id":121035},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121038,64238],{}," on a tuple or string",[56,121041,121042],{"className":58,"code":79237,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,121043,121044,121056],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121045,121046,121048,121050,121052,121054],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121047,34600],{"class":71},[65,121049,76],{"class":75},[65,121051,103],{"class":83},[65,121053,60],{"class":87},[65,121055,1650],{"class":83},[65,121057,121058,121060,121062,121064],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,121059,34621],{"class":71},[65,121061,144],{"class":79},[65,121063,34712],{"class":147},[65,121065,151],{"class":79},[20,121067,121068,121069,33512],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121070,64238],{},[20,121072,121073,121075],{},[15,121074,64238],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121077,121078,121079,121081,121082,144],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121080,74351],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[88,121083,5288],{"href":5738},[1059,121085,121087,121088,119133],{"id":121086},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121089,74351],{},[56,121091,121093],{"className":58,"code":121092,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121094,121095,121108,121122,121126,121136],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121096,121097,121099,121101,121103,121106],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121098,34600],{"class":71},[65,121100,76],{"class":75},[65,121102,103],{"class":83},[65,121104,121105],{"class":87},"cab",[65,121107,1650],{"class":83},[65,121109,121110,121112,121114,121116,121118,121120],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,121111,401],{"class":71},[65,121113,76],{"class":75},[65,121115,74485],{"class":164},[65,121117,168],{"class":79},[65,121119,34621],{"class":147},[65,121121,174],{"class":79},[65,121123,121124],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,121125,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,121127,121128,121130,121132,121134],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,121129,165],{"class":164},[65,121131,168],{"class":79},[65,121133,425],{"class":147},[65,121135,174],{"class":79},[65,121137,121138,121140,121142,121144,121146,121148],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,121139,165],{"class":164},[65,121141,168],{"class":79},[65,121143,3370],{"class":1368},[65,121145,168],{"class":79},[65,121147,425],{"class":147},[65,121149,1870],{"class":79},[20,121151,121152],{},[46,121153,191],{},[56,121155,121157],{"className":58,"code":121156,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121158,121159,121187],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121160,121161,121163,121165,121167,121169,121171,121173,121175,121177,121179,121181,121183,121185],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121162,4054],{"class":79},[65,121164,203],{"class":83},[65,121166,88],{"class":87},[65,121168,203],{"class":83},[65,121170,100],{"class":79},[65,121172,233],{"class":83},[65,121174,106],{"class":87},[65,121176,203],{"class":83},[65,121178,100],{"class":79},[65,121180,233],{"class":83},[65,121182,120],{"class":87},[65,121184,203],{"class":83},[65,121186,3786],{"class":79},[65,121188,121189,121191,121193,121195,121197,121199],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,121190,3439],{"class":75},[65,121192,3442],{"class":1696},[65,121194,233],{"class":83},[65,121196,8244],{"class":87},[65,121198,203],{"class":83},[65,121200,3451],{"class":75},[20,121202,121203],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[51,121205,113654],{"id":113653},[20,121207,121208],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[30,121210,121211,121214,121219,121224,121230],{},[33,121212,121213],{},"confusing a function with a method",[33,121215,121216,121217,53568],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121218,64238],{},[33,121220,121221,121222,12731],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121223,77794],{},[33,121225,121226,121227,121229],{},"trying to use ",[15,121228,64238],{}," on non-list data types",[33,121231,50428,121232,121234],{},[15,121233,74351],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121236,121237],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[56,121239,121241],{"className":58,"code":121240,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121242,121243,121253,121267,121292,121307,121317],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121244,121245,121247,121249,121251],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121246,165],{"class":164},[65,121248,168],{"class":79},[65,121250,8490],{"class":147},[65,121252,174],{"class":79},[65,121254,121255,121257,121259,121261,121263,121265],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,121256,165],{"class":164},[65,121258,168],{"class":79},[65,121260,74441],{"class":164},[65,121262,168],{"class":79},[65,121264,8490],{"class":147},[65,121266,1870],{"class":79},[65,121268,121269,121271,121273,121275,121277,121279,121281,121284,121286,121288,121290],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,121270,401],{"class":71},[65,121272,76],{"class":75},[65,121274,8547],{"class":71},[65,121276,144],{"class":79},[65,121278,34712],{"class":147},[65,121280,7515],{"class":79},[65,121282,121283],{"class":71},"; ",[65,121285,165],{"class":164},[65,121287,168],{"class":79},[65,121289,425],{"class":147},[65,121291,174],{"class":79},[65,121293,121294,121296,121298,121300,121302,121305],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,121295,165],{"class":164},[65,121297,168],{"class":79},[65,121299,3370],{"class":1368},[65,121301,168],{"class":79},[65,121303,121304],{"class":147},"my_data",[65,121306,1870],{"class":79},[65,121308,121309,121311,121313,121315],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,121310,32063],{"class":164},[65,121312,168],{"class":79},[65,121314,74441],{"class":164},[65,121316,174],{"class":79},[65,121318,121319,121321,121323,121325,121327,121329],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,121320,32063],{"class":164},[65,121322,168],{"class":79},[65,121324,8244],{"class":1368},[65,121326,144],{"class":79},[65,121328,34712],{"class":24857},[65,121330,174],{"class":79},[20,121332,84300],{},[30,121334,121335,121338,121342,121350],{},[33,121336,121337],{},"whether your original list changed",[33,121339,26126,121340,11842],{},[15,121341,74351],{},[33,121343,121344,121345,121347,121348],{},"whether ",[15,121346,64238],{}," returned ",[15,121349,3930],{},[33,121351,121352],{},"what type of object you are working with",[51,121354,121356],{"id":121355},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121358,121359],{},"Use this rule:",[30,121361,121362,121370],{},[33,121363,121364,121365,121367,121368],{},"Need a ",[46,121366,119458],{},": use ",[15,121369,74351],{},[33,121371,121372,121373,121367,121376],{},"Need to ",[46,121374,121375],{},"change one list directly",[15,121377,77794],{},[20,121379,121380,121381,121383],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121382,74351],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[51,121385,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,121387,121389,121390,3024,121392,2637],{"id":121388},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121391,74351],{},[15,121393,77794],{},[20,121395,121396,121398],{},[15,121397,74351],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1059,121400,5308,121402,5311,121404,2637],{"id":121401},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121403,77794],{},[15,121405,3930],{},[20,121407,121408],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1059,121410,5320,121412,121414],{"id":121411},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121413,74351],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121416,121417],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1059,121419,28432,121421,121423],{"id":121420},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121422,64238],{}," on a string?",[20,121425,46286,121426,121428,121429,39847],{},[15,121427,64238],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121430,121431],{},"sorted(string)",[1059,121433,11954,121435,1048,121437,121439],{"id":121434},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121436,74351],{},[15,121438,64238],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121441,121442,121443,144],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121444,78018],{},[51,121446,2015],{"id":2014},[30,121448,121449,121455,121461,121465,121469],{},[33,121450,121451],{},[88,121452,3724,121453,3657],{"href":74448},[15,121454,74351],{},[33,121456,121457],{},[88,121458,3724,121459,10885],{"href":74702},[15,121460,77794],{},[33,121462,121463],{},[88,121464,79800],{"href":78303},[33,121466,121467],{},[88,121468,120752],{"href":120751},[33,121470,121471],{},[88,121472,52695],{"href":50902},[2071,121474,121475],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":121477},[121478,121479,121480,121484,121488,121491,121495,121499,121504,121514,121515,121516,121528],{"id":3757,"depth":133,"text":3758},{"id":119546,"depth":133,"text":119547},{"id":117649,"depth":133,"text":119371,"children":121481},[121482],{"id":119613,"depth":154,"text":121483},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77860,"depth":133,"text":79822,"children":121485},[121486],{"id":119790,"depth":154,"text":121487},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119886,"depth":133,"text":119887,"children":121489},[121490],{"id":119912,"depth":154,"text":119913},{"id":120118,"depth":133,"text":121492,"children":121493},"When to use sorted()",[121494],{"id":120140,"depth":154,"text":120141},{"id":120275,"depth":133,"text":121496,"children":121497},"When to use list.sort()",[121498],{"id":120298,"depth":154,"text":120299},{"id":120412,"depth":133,"text":121500,"children":121501},"reverse and key work with both",[121502,121503],{"id":120443,"depth":154,"text":120444},{"id":120571,"depth":154,"text":120572},{"id":120755,"depth":133,"text":120756,"children":121505},[121506,121508,121510,121512],{"id":120762,"depth":154,"text":121507},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120886,"depth":154,"text":121509},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121035,"depth":154,"text":121511},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121086,"depth":154,"text":121513},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113653,"depth":133,"text":113654},{"id":121355,"depth":133,"text":121356},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":121517},[121518,121520,121522,121524,121526],{"id":121388,"depth":154,"text":121519},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121401,"depth":154,"text":121521},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121411,"depth":154,"text":121523},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121420,"depth":154,"text":121525},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121434,"depth":154,"text":121527},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119417,"description":121529},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121535,"title":42095,"body":121536,"description":123268,"extension":2111,"meta":123269,"navigation":157,"path":123270,"seo":123271,"stem":123272,"__hash__":123273},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121537,"toc":123225},[121538,121543,121548,121554,121556,121611,121615,121638,121643,121648,121653,121655,121686,121689,121703,121705,121707,121722,121727,121731,121734,121785,121789,121803,121810,121814,121818,121873,121877,121900,121904,121960,121964,121987,121991,122046,122050,122073,122077,122144,122148,122183,122189,122194,122199,122201,122215,122217,122291,122295,122315,122320,122327,122330,122342,122344,122413,122417,122454,122457,122482,122489,122498,122501,122513,122519,122525,122527,122533,122538,122617,122621,122662,122666,122668,122695,122698,122721,122724,122730,122733,122770,122782,122789,122791,122842,122845,122877,122880,122882,122889,122891,122906,122908,122965,122969,122993,122995,123000,123016,123023,123027,123030,123113,123123,123125,123130,123133,123139,123142,123148,123151,123157,123160,123167,123175,123177,123222],[10,121539,3724,121541,3728],{"id":121540},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121542,47605],{},[20,121544,32228,121545,121547],{},[15,121546,47605],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121549,121550,121551,121553],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121552,47605],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[51,121555,54],{"id":53},[56,121557,121559],{"className":58,"code":121558,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121560,121561,121569,121583,121587,121597],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121562,121563,121565,121567],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121564,21741],{"class":71},[65,121566,76],{"class":75},[65,121568,45146],{"class":96},[65,121570,121571,121573,121575,121577,121579,121581],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,121572,34600],{"class":71},[65,121574,76],{"class":75},[65,121576,48826],{"class":1368},[65,121578,168],{"class":79},[65,121580,387],{"class":147},[65,121582,174],{"class":79},[65,121584,121585],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,121586,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,121588,121589,121591,121593,121595],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,121590,165],{"class":164},[65,121592,168],{"class":79},[65,121594,34621],{"class":147},[65,121596,174],{"class":79},[65,121598,121599,121601,121603,121605,121607,121609],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,121600,165],{"class":164},[65,121602,168],{"class":79},[65,121604,3370],{"class":1368},[65,121606,168],{"class":79},[65,121608,34621],{"class":147},[65,121610,1870],{"class":79},[20,121612,121613],{},[46,121614,191],{},[56,121616,121618],{"className":58,"code":121617,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121619,121620,121624],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121621,121622],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121623,2855],{"class":96},[65,121625,121626,121628,121630,121632,121634,121636],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,121627,3439],{"class":75},[65,121629,3442],{"class":1696},[65,121631,233],{"class":83},[65,121633,3591],{"class":87},[65,121635,203],{"class":83},[65,121637,3451],{"class":75},[20,121639,1309,121640,121642],{},[15,121641,47605],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[51,121644,252,121646,255],{"id":121645},"what-str-does",[15,121647,47605],{},[20,121649,121650,121652],{},[15,121651,47605],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121654,2254],{},[30,121656,121657,121664,121671,121678],{},[33,121658,121659,121660,42074,121662],{},"An integer like ",[15,121661,2476],{},[15,121663,42045],{},[33,121665,121666,121667,42074,121669],{},"A float like ",[15,121668,40061],{},[15,121670,48016],{},[33,121672,121673,121674,42074,121676],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121675,3753],{},[15,121677,6791],{},[33,121679,121680,121681,42074,121683],{},"A list like ",[15,121682,75173],{},[15,121684,121685],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121687,121688],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[30,121690,121691,121694,121697,121700],{},[33,121692,121693],{},"print it",[33,121695,121696],{},"combine it with other strings",[33,121698,121699],{},"save it to a file",[33,121701,121702],{},"use it in messages",[51,121704,283],{"id":282},[20,121706,7367],{},[56,121708,121710],{"className":58,"code":121709,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"str(object)\n",[15,121711,121712],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121713,121714,121716,121718,121720],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121715,3591],{"class":1368},[65,121717,168],{"class":79},[65,121719,42318],{"class":1368},[65,121721,174],{"class":79},[20,121723,20886,121724,121726],{},[15,121725,42318],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121728,121729,8376],{},[15,121730,47605],{},[20,121732,121733],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[56,121735,121737],{"className":58,"code":121736,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121738,121739,121748,121771,121775],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121740,121741,121743,121745],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121742,5248],{"class":71},[65,121744,76],{"class":75},[65,121746,121747],{"class":96}," 100\n",[65,121749,121750,121752,121754,121756,121759,121761,121763,121765,121767,121769],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,121751,89934],{"class":71},[65,121753,76],{"class":75},[65,121755,103],{"class":83},[65,121757,121758],{"class":87},"Your score is ",[65,121760,84],{"class":83},[65,121762,2599],{"class":75},[65,121764,48826],{"class":1368},[65,121766,168],{"class":79},[65,121768,85447],{"class":147},[65,121770,174],{"class":79},[65,121772,121773],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,121774,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,121776,121777,121779,121781,121783],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,121778,165],{"class":164},[65,121780,168],{"class":79},[65,121782,89951],{"class":147},[65,121784,174],{"class":79},[20,121786,121787],{},[46,121788,191],{},[56,121790,121792],{"className":58,"code":121791,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121793,121794],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121795,121796,121799,121801],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121797,121798],{"class":71},"Your score ",[65,121800,12329],{"class":75},[65,121802,121747],{"class":96},[20,121804,2441,121805,121809],{},[88,121806,121807,2448],{"href":2444},[15,121808,2447],{}," can help you check.",[51,121811,121813],{"id":121812},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1059,121815,121817],{"id":121816},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[56,121819,121821],{"className":58,"code":121820,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121822,121823,121831,121845,121849,121859],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121824,121825,121827,121829],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121826,2363],{"class":71},[65,121828,76],{"class":75},[65,121830,2733],{"class":96},[65,121832,121833,121835,121837,121839,121841,121843],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,121834,34600],{"class":71},[65,121836,76],{"class":75},[65,121838,48826],{"class":1368},[65,121840,168],{"class":79},[65,121842,2385],{"class":147},[65,121844,174],{"class":79},[65,121846,121847],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,121848,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,121850,121851,121853,121855,121857],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,121852,165],{"class":164},[65,121854,168],{"class":79},[65,121856,34621],{"class":147},[65,121858,174],{"class":79},[65,121860,121861,121863,121865,121867,121869,121871],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,121862,165],{"class":164},[65,121864,168],{"class":79},[65,121866,3370],{"class":1368},[65,121868,168],{"class":79},[65,121870,34621],{"class":147},[65,121872,1870],{"class":79},[20,121874,121875],{},[46,121876,191],{},[56,121878,121880],{"className":58,"code":121879,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121881,121882,121886],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121883,121884],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121885,2522],{"class":96},[65,121887,121888,121890,121892,121894,121896,121898],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,121889,3439],{"class":75},[65,121891,3442],{"class":1696},[65,121893,233],{"class":83},[65,121895,3591],{"class":87},[65,121897,203],{"class":83},[65,121899,3451],{"class":75},[1059,121901,121903],{"id":121902},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[56,121905,121907],{"className":58,"code":121906,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121908,121909,121918,121932,121936,121946],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121910,121911,121913,121915],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121912,40305],{"class":71},[65,121914,76],{"class":75},[65,121916,121917],{"class":96}," 3.14\n",[65,121919,121920,121922,121924,121926,121928,121930],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,121921,34600],{"class":71},[65,121923,76],{"class":75},[65,121925,48826],{"class":1368},[65,121927,168],{"class":79},[65,121929,25257],{"class":147},[65,121931,174],{"class":79},[65,121933,121934],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,121935,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,121937,121938,121940,121942,121944],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,121939,165],{"class":164},[65,121941,168],{"class":79},[65,121943,34621],{"class":147},[65,121945,174],{"class":79},[65,121947,121948,121950,121952,121954,121956,121958],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,121949,165],{"class":164},[65,121951,168],{"class":79},[65,121953,3370],{"class":1368},[65,121955,168],{"class":79},[65,121957,34621],{"class":147},[65,121959,1870],{"class":79},[20,121961,121962],{},[46,121963,191],{},[56,121965,121967],{"className":58,"code":121966,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121968,121969,121973],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121970,121971],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121972,40095],{"class":96},[65,121974,121975,121977,121979,121981,121983,121985],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,121976,3439],{"class":75},[65,121978,3442],{"class":1696},[65,121980,233],{"class":83},[65,121982,3591],{"class":87},[65,121984,203],{"class":83},[65,121986,3451],{"class":75},[1059,121988,121990],{"id":121989},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[56,121992,121994],{"className":58,"code":121993,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121995,121996,122004,122018,122022,122032],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,121997,121998,122000,122002],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,121999,1189],{"class":71},[65,122001,76],{"class":75},[65,122003,6575],{"class":4005},[65,122005,122006,122008,122010,122012,122014,122016],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,122007,34600],{"class":71},[65,122009,76],{"class":75},[65,122011,48826],{"class":1368},[65,122013,168],{"class":79},[65,122015,1714],{"class":147},[65,122017,174],{"class":79},[65,122019,122020],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,122021,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,122023,122024,122026,122028,122030],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,122025,165],{"class":164},[65,122027,168],{"class":79},[65,122029,34621],{"class":147},[65,122031,174],{"class":79},[65,122033,122034,122036,122038,122040,122042,122044],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,122035,165],{"class":164},[65,122037,168],{"class":79},[65,122039,3370],{"class":1368},[65,122041,168],{"class":79},[65,122043,34621],{"class":147},[65,122045,1870],{"class":79},[20,122047,122048],{},[46,122049,191],{},[56,122051,122053],{"className":58,"code":122052,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122054,122055,122059],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122056,122057],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122058,4134],{"class":4005},[65,122060,122061,122063,122065,122067,122069,122071],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,122062,3439],{"class":75},[65,122064,3442],{"class":1696},[65,122066,233],{"class":83},[65,122068,3591],{"class":87},[65,122070,203],{"class":83},[65,122072,3451],{"class":75},[1059,122074,122076],{"id":122075},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[56,122078,122080],{"className":58,"code":122079,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122081,122082,122102,122116,122120,122130],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122083,122084,122086,122088,122090,122092,122094,122096,122098,122100],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122085,7929],{"class":71},[65,122087,76],{"class":75},[65,122089,3773],{"class":79},[65,122091,3135],{"class":96},[65,122093,100],{"class":79},[65,122095,113],{"class":96},[65,122097,100],{"class":79},[65,122099,127],{"class":96},[65,122101,3786],{"class":79},[65,122103,122104,122106,122108,122110,122112,122114],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,122105,34600],{"class":71},[65,122107,76],{"class":75},[65,122109,48826],{"class":1368},[65,122111,168],{"class":79},[65,122113,7960],{"class":147},[65,122115,174],{"class":79},[65,122117,122118],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,122119,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,122121,122122,122124,122126,122128],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,122123,165],{"class":164},[65,122125,168],{"class":79},[65,122127,34621],{"class":147},[65,122129,174],{"class":79},[65,122131,122132,122134,122136,122138,122140,122142],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,122133,165],{"class":164},[65,122135,168],{"class":79},[65,122137,3370],{"class":1368},[65,122139,168],{"class":79},[65,122141,34621],{"class":147},[65,122143,1870],{"class":79},[20,122145,122146],{},[46,122147,191],{},[56,122149,122151],{"className":58,"code":122150,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122152,122153,122169],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122154,122155,122157,122159,122161,122163,122165,122167],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122156,4054],{"class":79},[65,122158,3135],{"class":96},[65,122160,100],{"class":79},[65,122162,113],{"class":96},[65,122164,100],{"class":79},[65,122166,127],{"class":96},[65,122168,3786],{"class":79},[65,122170,122171,122173,122175,122177,122179,122181],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,122172,3439],{"class":75},[65,122174,3442],{"class":1696},[65,122176,233],{"class":83},[65,122178,3591],{"class":87},[65,122180,203],{"class":83},[65,122182,3451],{"class":75},[20,122184,122185,122186,122188],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[46,122187,1014],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[51,122190,1553,122192],{"id":122191},"when-to-use-str",[15,122193,47605],{},[20,122195,1309,122196,122198],{},[15,122197,47605],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122200,36341],{},[30,122202,122203,122206,122209,122212],{},[33,122204,122205],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[33,122207,122208],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[33,122210,122211],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[33,122213,122214],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122216,350],{},[56,122218,122220],{"className":58,"code":122219,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122221,122222,122234,122242,122246,122281],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122223,122224,122226,122228,122230,122232],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122225,8027],{"class":71},[65,122227,76],{"class":75},[65,122229,103],{"class":83},[65,122231,11646],{"class":87},[65,122233,1650],{"class":83},[65,122235,122236,122238,122240],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,122237,21741],{"class":71},[65,122239,76],{"class":75},[65,122241,45146],{"class":96},[65,122243,122244],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,122245,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,122247,122248,122250,122252,122254,122256,122258,122260,122262,122264,122266,122268,122270,122272,122274,122276,122279],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,122249,89934],{"class":71},[65,122251,76],{"class":75},[65,122253,35883],{"class":71},[65,122255,2207],{"class":75},[65,122257,103],{"class":83},[65,122259,4939],{"class":87},[65,122261,84],{"class":83},[65,122263,2599],{"class":75},[65,122265,48826],{"class":1368},[65,122267,168],{"class":79},[65,122269,387],{"class":147},[65,122271,3813],{"class":79},[65,122273,2599],{"class":75},[65,122275,103],{"class":83},[65,122277,122278],{"class":87}," years old.",[65,122280,1650],{"class":83},[65,122282,122283,122285,122287,122289],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,122284,165],{"class":164},[65,122286,168],{"class":79},[65,122288,89951],{"class":147},[65,122290,174],{"class":79},[20,122292,122293],{},[46,122294,191],{},[56,122296,122298],{"className":58,"code":122297,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122299,122300],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122301,122302,122305,122307,122309,122312],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122303,122304],{"class":71},"Maya ",[65,122306,12329],{"class":75},[65,122308,394],{"class":96},[65,122310,122311],{"class":71}," years old",[65,122313,122314],{"class":79},".\n",[20,122316,122317,122318,144],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[88,122319,89620],{"href":89619},[51,122321,122323,10729,122325],{"id":122322},"str-vs-print",[15,122324,47605],{},[15,122326,46373],{},[20,122328,122329],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[30,122331,122332,122337],{},[33,122333,122334,122336],{},[15,122335,47605],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[33,122338,122339,122341],{},[15,122340,46373],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122343,350],{},[56,122345,122347],{"className":58,"code":122346,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122348,122349,122357,122361,122375,122385,122399],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122350,122351,122353,122355],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122352,1189],{"class":71},[65,122354,76],{"class":75},[65,122356,2915],{"class":96},[65,122358,122359],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,122360,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,122362,122363,122365,122367,122369,122371,122373],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,122364,34600],{"class":71},[65,122366,76],{"class":75},[65,122368,48826],{"class":1368},[65,122370,168],{"class":79},[65,122372,1714],{"class":147},[65,122374,174],{"class":79},[65,122376,122377,122379,122381,122383],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,122378,165],{"class":164},[65,122380,168],{"class":79},[65,122382,34621],{"class":147},[65,122384,174],{"class":79},[65,122386,122387,122389,122391,122393,122395,122397],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,122388,165],{"class":164},[65,122390,168],{"class":79},[65,122392,3370],{"class":1368},[65,122394,168],{"class":79},[65,122396,34621],{"class":147},[65,122398,1870],{"class":79},[65,122400,122401,122403,122405,122407,122409,122411],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,122402,165],{"class":164},[65,122404,168],{"class":79},[65,122406,3370],{"class":1368},[65,122408,168],{"class":79},[65,122410,1714],{"class":147},[65,122412,1870],{"class":79},[20,122414,122415],{},[46,122416,191],{},[56,122418,122420],{"className":58,"code":122419,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122421,122422,122426,122440],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122423,122424],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122425,46533],{"class":96},[65,122427,122428,122430,122432,122434,122436,122438],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,122429,3439],{"class":75},[65,122431,3442],{"class":1696},[65,122433,233],{"class":83},[65,122435,3591],{"class":87},[65,122437,203],{"class":83},[65,122439,3451],{"class":75},[65,122441,122442,122444,122446,122448,122450,122452],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,122443,3439],{"class":75},[65,122445,3442],{"class":1696},[65,122447,233],{"class":83},[65,122449,2335],{"class":87},[65,122451,203],{"class":83},[65,122453,3451],{"class":75},[20,122455,122456],{},"Notice:",[30,122458,122459,122465,122470],{},[33,122460,122461,122464],{},[15,122462,122463],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[33,122466,122467,122469],{},[15,122468,46373],{}," only displayed values",[33,122471,122472,122474,122475,122477,122478,61227,122480],{},[15,122473,46373],{}," did not change ",[15,122476,1714],{}," from ",[15,122479,2335],{},[15,122481,3591],{},[20,122483,122484,122485,144],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[88,122486,122487,2448],{"href":46370},[15,122488,46373],{},[51,122490,122492,10729,122494,122497],{"id":122491},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122493,47605],{},[15,122495,122496],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122499,122500],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[30,122502,122503,122508],{},[33,122504,122505,122507],{},[15,122506,47605],{}," is the more readable text version",[33,122509,122510,122512],{},[15,122511,122496],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122514,122515,122516,122518],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122517,47605],{}," much more often.",[20,122520,122521,122522,122524],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122523,47605],{}," is usually the right choice.",[51,122526,4675],{"id":4674},[1059,122528,25881,122530,122532],{"id":122529},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122531,47605],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122534,122535,122537],{},[15,122536,47605],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[56,122539,122541],{"className":58,"code":122540,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122542,122543,122551,122565,122569,122579,122593,122603],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122544,122545,122547,122549],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122546,21741],{"class":71},[65,122548,76],{"class":75},[65,122550,45146],{"class":96},[65,122552,122553,122555,122557,122559,122561,122563],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,122554,34600],{"class":71},[65,122556,76],{"class":75},[65,122558,48826],{"class":1368},[65,122560,168],{"class":79},[65,122562,387],{"class":147},[65,122564,174],{"class":79},[65,122566,122567],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,122568,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,122570,122571,122573,122575,122577],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,122572,165],{"class":164},[65,122574,168],{"class":79},[65,122576,387],{"class":147},[65,122578,174],{"class":79},[65,122580,122581,122583,122585,122587,122589,122591],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,122582,165],{"class":164},[65,122584,168],{"class":79},[65,122586,3370],{"class":1368},[65,122588,168],{"class":79},[65,122590,387],{"class":147},[65,122592,1870],{"class":79},[65,122594,122595,122597,122599,122601],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,122596,165],{"class":164},[65,122598,168],{"class":79},[65,122600,34621],{"class":147},[65,122602,174],{"class":79},[65,122604,122605,122607,122609,122611,122613,122615],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,122606,165],{"class":164},[65,122608,168],{"class":79},[65,122610,3370],{"class":1368},[65,122612,168],{"class":79},[65,122614,34621],{"class":147},[65,122616,1870],{"class":79},[20,122618,122619],{},[46,122620,191],{},[56,122622,122624],{"className":58,"code":122623,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122625,122626,122630,122644,122648],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122627,122628],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122629,2855],{"class":96},[65,122631,122632,122634,122636,122638,122640,122642],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,122633,3439],{"class":75},[65,122635,3442],{"class":1696},[65,122637,233],{"class":83},[65,122639,2335],{"class":87},[65,122641,203],{"class":83},[65,122643,3451],{"class":75},[65,122645,122646],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,122647,2855],{"class":96},[65,122649,122650,122652,122654,122656,122658,122660],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,122651,3439],{"class":75},[65,122653,3442],{"class":1696},[65,122655,233],{"class":83},[65,122657,3591],{"class":87},[65,122659,203],{"class":83},[65,122661,3451],{"class":75},[1059,122663,122665],{"id":122664},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122667,6838],{},[56,122669,122671],{"className":58,"code":122670,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122672,122673,122681],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122674,122675,122677,122679],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122676,21741],{"class":71},[65,122678,76],{"class":75},[65,122680,45146],{"class":96},[65,122682,122683,122685,122687,122689,122691,122693],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,122684,34600],{"class":71},[65,122686,76],{"class":75},[65,122688,48826],{"class":1368},[65,122690,168],{"class":79},[65,122692,387],{"class":147},[65,122694,174],{"class":79},[20,122696,122697],{},"But if you only do this:",[56,122699,122701],{"className":58,"code":122700,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122702,122703,122711],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122704,122705,122707,122709],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122706,21741],{"class":71},[65,122708,76],{"class":75},[65,122710,45146],{"class":96},[65,122712,122713,122715,122717,122719],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,122714,3591],{"class":1368},[65,122716,168],{"class":79},[65,122718,387],{"class":147},[65,122720,174],{"class":79},[20,122722,122723],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1059,122725,8569,122727,122729],{"id":122726},"using-str-too-early",[15,122728,47605],{}," too early",[20,122731,122732],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[56,122734,122736],{"className":58,"code":122735,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122737,122738,122746,122761,122765],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122739,122740,122742,122744],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122741,40305],{"class":71},[65,122743,76],{"class":75},[65,122745,2733],{"class":96},[65,122747,122748,122751,122753,122755,122757,122759],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,122749,122750],{"class":71},"text_price ",[65,122752,76],{"class":75},[65,122754,48826],{"class":1368},[65,122756,168],{"class":79},[65,122758,25257],{"class":147},[65,122760,174],{"class":79},[65,122762,122763],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,122764,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,122766,122767],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,122768,122769],{"class":3816},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122771,122772,122773,3024,122777,122781],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[88,122774,122775],{"href":3020},[15,122776,3023],{},[88,122778,122779],{"href":3027},[15,122780,3030],{},", depending on the situation.",[1059,122783,1792,122785,122788],{"id":122784},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122786,122787],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122790,64570],{},[56,122792,122794],{"className":58,"code":122793,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122795,122796,122828],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122797,122798,122800,122802,122804,122806,122808,122810,122812,122814,122816,122818,122820,122822,122824,122826],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122799,7929],{"class":71},[65,122801,76],{"class":75},[65,122803,3773],{"class":79},[65,122805,84],{"class":83},[65,122807,4234],{"class":87},[65,122809,84],{"class":83},[65,122811,100],{"class":79},[65,122813,103],{"class":83},[65,122815,4243],{"class":87},[65,122817,84],{"class":83},[65,122819,100],{"class":79},[65,122821,103],{"class":83},[65,122823,33132],{"class":87},[65,122825,84],{"class":83},[65,122827,3786],{"class":79},[65,122829,122830,122832,122834,122836,122838,122840],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,122831,165],{"class":164},[65,122833,168],{"class":79},[65,122835,3591],{"class":1368},[65,122837,168],{"class":79},[65,122839,7960],{"class":147},[65,122841,1870],{"class":79},[20,122843,122844],{},"prints:",[56,122846,122847],{"className":58,"code":72763,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,122848,122849],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122850,122851,122853,122855,122857,122859,122861,122863,122865,122867,122869,122871,122873,122875],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122852,4054],{"class":79},[65,122854,203],{"class":83},[65,122856,4234],{"class":87},[65,122858,203],{"class":83},[65,122860,100],{"class":79},[65,122862,233],{"class":83},[65,122864,4243],{"class":87},[65,122866,203],{"class":83},[65,122868,100],{"class":79},[65,122870,233],{"class":83},[65,122872,33132],{"class":87},[65,122874,203],{"class":83},[65,122876,3786],{"class":79},[20,122878,122879],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[51,122881,17533],{"id":17532},[20,122883,122884,1832,122886,144],{},[15,122885,47605],{},[46,122887,122888],{},"new string",[20,122890,302],{},[30,122892,122893,122896,122899],{},[33,122894,122895],{},"It always returns a string",[33,122897,122898],{},"It does not modify the original object",[33,122900,7912,122901,122905],{},[88,122902,122903],{"href":2444},[15,122904,2447],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122907,350],{},[56,122909,122911],{"className":58,"code":122910,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122912,122913,122921,122936,122940,122951],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122914,122915,122917,122919],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122916,1189],{"class":71},[65,122918,76],{"class":75},[65,122920,14260],{"class":96},[65,122922,122923,122926,122928,122930,122932,122934],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,122924,122925],{"class":71},"converted ",[65,122927,76],{"class":75},[65,122929,48826],{"class":1368},[65,122931,168],{"class":79},[65,122933,1714],{"class":147},[65,122935,174],{"class":79},[65,122937,122938],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,122939,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,122941,122942,122944,122946,122949],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,122943,165],{"class":164},[65,122945,168],{"class":79},[65,122947,122948],{"class":147},"converted",[65,122950,174],{"class":79},[65,122952,122953,122955,122957,122959,122961,122963],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,122954,165],{"class":164},[65,122956,168],{"class":79},[65,122958,3370],{"class":1368},[65,122960,168],{"class":79},[65,122962,122948],{"class":147},[65,122964,1870],{"class":79},[20,122966,122967],{},[46,122968,191],{},[56,122970,122972],{"className":58,"code":122971,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122973,122974,122979],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,122975,122976],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,122977,122978],{"class":96},"99\n",[65,122980,122981,122983,122985,122987,122989,122991],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,122982,3439],{"class":75},[65,122984,3442],{"class":1696},[65,122986,233],{"class":83},[65,122988,3591],{"class":87},[65,122990,203],{"class":83},[65,122992,3451],{"class":75},[51,122994,113654],{"id":113653},[20,122996,122997,122998,74742],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122999,47605],{},[30,123001,123002,123005,123008,123013],{},[33,123003,123004],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[33,123006,123007],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[33,123009,8569,123010,123012],{},[15,123011,47605],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[33,123014,123015],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123017,123018,123019,144],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[88,123020,1546,123021],{"href":90332},[15,123022,90333],{},[51,123024,123026],{"id":123025},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123028,123029],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[56,123031,123033],{"className":58,"code":123032,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123034,123035,123043,123047,123057,123071,123075,123089,123099],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123036,123037,123039,123041],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123038,1189],{"class":71},[65,123040,76],{"class":75},[65,123042,45146],{"class":96},[65,123044,123045],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,123046,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,123048,123049,123051,123053,123055],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,123050,165],{"class":164},[65,123052,168],{"class":79},[65,123054,1714],{"class":147},[65,123056,174],{"class":79},[65,123058,123059,123061,123063,123065,123067,123069],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,123060,165],{"class":164},[65,123062,168],{"class":79},[65,123064,3370],{"class":1368},[65,123066,168],{"class":79},[65,123068,1714],{"class":147},[65,123070,1870],{"class":79},[65,123072,123073],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,123074,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,123076,123077,123079,123081,123083,123085,123087],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,123078,122925],{"class":71},[65,123080,76],{"class":75},[65,123082,48826],{"class":1368},[65,123084,168],{"class":79},[65,123086,1714],{"class":147},[65,123088,174],{"class":79},[65,123090,123091,123093,123095,123097],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,123092,165],{"class":164},[65,123094,168],{"class":79},[65,123096,122948],{"class":147},[65,123098,174],{"class":79},[65,123100,123101,123103,123105,123107,123109,123111],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,123102,165],{"class":164},[65,123104,168],{"class":79},[65,123106,3370],{"class":1368},[65,123108,168],{"class":79},[65,123110,122948],{"class":147},[65,123112,1870],{"class":79},[20,123114,123115,123116,1028,123118,123120,123121,144],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123117,2335],{},[15,123119,2338],{},", or another type into ",[15,123122,3591],{},[51,123124,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,123126,1953,123128,1956],{"id":123127},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123129,47605],{},[20,123131,123132],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1059,123134,1966,123136,123138],{"id":123135},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123137,47605],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123140,123141],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1059,123143,5320,123145,123147],{"id":123144},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123146,47605],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123149,123150],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1059,123152,94518,123154,123156],{"id":123153},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123155,47605],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123158,123159],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1059,123161,15029,123163,57130,123165,2637],{"id":123162},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123164,47605],{},[15,123166,46373],{},[20,123168,46286,123169,123171,123172,123174],{},[15,123170,47605],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123173,46373],{}," shows output.",[51,123176,2015],{"id":2014},[30,123178,123179,123185,123191,123197,123203,123212,123216],{},[33,123180,123181],{},[88,123182,123183,3657],{"href":46370},[15,123184,46373],{},[33,123186,123187],{},[88,123188,123189,3657],{"href":2444},[15,123190,2447],{},[33,123192,123193],{},[88,123194,123195,3657],{"href":3020},[15,123196,3023],{},[33,123198,123199],{},[88,123200,123201,3657],{"href":3027},[15,123202,3030],{},[33,123204,123205],{},[88,123206,123208,123209,123211],{"href":123207},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123210,2335],{}," to string in Python",[33,123213,123214],{},[88,123215,90610],{"href":89619},[33,123217,123218],{},[88,123219,2067,123220],{"href":90332},[15,123221,90333],{},[2071,123223,123224],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":123226},[123227,123228,123230,123231,123237,123239,123241,123243,123252,123253,123254,123255,123267],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":121645,"depth":133,"text":123229},"What str() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":121812,"depth":133,"text":121813,"children":123232},[123233,123234,123235,123236],{"id":121816,"depth":154,"text":121817},{"id":121902,"depth":154,"text":121903},{"id":121989,"depth":154,"text":121990},{"id":122075,"depth":154,"text":122076},{"id":122191,"depth":133,"text":123238},"When to use str()",{"id":122322,"depth":133,"text":123240},"str() vs print()",{"id":122491,"depth":133,"text":123242},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675,"children":123244},[123245,123247,123248,123250],{"id":122529,"depth":154,"text":123246},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122664,"depth":154,"text":122665},{"id":122726,"depth":154,"text":123249},"Using str() too early",{"id":122784,"depth":154,"text":123251},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17532,"depth":133,"text":17533},{"id":113653,"depth":133,"text":113654},{"id":123025,"depth":133,"text":123026},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":123256},[123257,123259,123261,123263,123265],{"id":123127,"depth":154,"text":123258},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123135,"depth":154,"text":123260},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123144,"depth":154,"text":123262},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123153,"depth":154,"text":123264},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123162,"depth":154,"text":123266},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42095,"description":123268},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123275,"title":123276,"body":123277,"description":124730,"extension":2111,"meta":124731,"navigation":157,"path":124732,"seo":124733,"stem":124734,"__hash__":124735},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123278,"toc":124692},[123279,123285,123291,123294,123316,123318,123380,123382,123395,123401,123406,123411,123413,123426,123437,123439,123466,123468,123485,123492,123503,123505,123510,123512,123524,123532,123541,123543,123546,123599,123601,123609,123617,123621,123626,123666,123668,123676,123679,123681,123721,123723,123731,123741,123747,123750,123823,123825,123838,123842,123847,123875,123878,123913,123915,123923,123926,123930,123934,123936,123952,123954,123994,123996,124004,124013,124056,124058,124066,124068,124072,124078,124081,124121,124123,124131,124136,124139,124182,124186,124189,124224,124229,124231,124270,124280,124288,124298,124306,124310,124315,124317,124358,124360,124368,124373,124376,124379,124397,124403,124407,124412,124415,124455,124457,124462,124561,124564,124580,124582,124601,124603,124610,124613,124619,124622,124628,124632,124638,124641,124647,124650,124652,124689],[10,123280,123282,123283,18],{"id":123281},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123284,57215],{},[20,123286,123287,123288,123290],{},"The Python string ",[15,123289,57215],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123292,123293],{},"This reference page explains:",[30,123295,123296,123300,123303,123305,123313],{},[33,123297,26126,123298,255],{},[15,123299,57215],{},[33,123301,123302],{},"its syntax",[33,123304,35308],{},[33,123306,123307,123308,1048,123310,123312],{},"how ",[15,123309,35987],{},[15,123311,52584],{}," work",[33,123314,123315],{},"common beginner mistakes",[51,123317,54],{"id":53},[56,123319,123321],{"className":58,"code":123320,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123322,123323,123335,123357],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123324,123325,123327,123329,123331,123333],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123326,34600],{"class":71},[65,123328,76],{"class":75},[65,123330,103],{"class":83},[65,123332,4243],{"class":87},[65,123334,1650],{"class":83},[65,123336,123337,123339,123341,123343,123345,123347,123349,123351,123353,123355],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,123338,165],{"class":164},[65,123340,168],{"class":79},[65,123342,34621],{"class":147},[65,123344,144],{"class":79},[65,123346,41178],{"class":147},[65,123348,168],{"class":79},[65,123350,84],{"class":83},[65,123352,88],{"class":87},[65,123354,84],{"class":83},[65,123356,1870],{"class":79},[65,123358,123359,123361,123363,123365,123367,123369,123371,123373,123376,123378],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,123360,165],{"class":164},[65,123362,168],{"class":79},[65,123364,34621],{"class":147},[65,123366,144],{"class":79},[65,123368,41178],{"class":147},[65,123370,168],{"class":79},[65,123372,84],{"class":83},[65,123374,123375],{"class":87},"na",[65,123377,84],{"class":83},[65,123379,1870],{"class":79},[20,123381,191],{},[56,123383,123385],{"className":58,"code":123384,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"3\n2\n",[15,123386,123387,123391],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123388,123389],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123390,46538],{"class":96},[65,123392,123393],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,123394,17177],{"class":96},[20,123396,1309,123397,123400],{},[15,123398,123399],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[51,123402,13126,123404,13129],{"id":123403},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123405,57215],{},[20,123407,123408,123410],{},[15,123409,57215],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123412,13182],{},[30,123414,123415,123418,123421,123423],{},[33,123416,123417],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[33,123419,123420],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[33,123422,43578],{},[33,123424,123425],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123427,123428,123429,123431,123432,1028,123434,123436],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123430,18211],{}," characters are in ",[15,123433,65201],{},[15,123435,57215],{}," is a simple choice.",[51,123438,283],{"id":282},[56,123440,123442],{"className":58,"code":123441,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123443,123444],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123445,123446,123448,123450,123452,123454,123456,123458,123460,123462,123464],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123447,61100],{"class":71},[65,123449,144],{"class":79},[65,123451,41178],{"class":147},[65,123453,168],{"class":79},[65,123455,1714],{"class":147},[65,123457,100],{"class":79},[65,123459,35966],{"class":147},[65,123461,100],{"class":79},[65,123463,64967],{"class":147},[65,123465,174],{"class":79},[1059,123467,17509],{"id":17508},[30,123469,123470,123475,123480],{},[33,123471,123472,123474],{},[15,123473,1714],{},": the text to search for",[33,123476,123477,123479],{},[15,123478,35987],{},": optional; where counting begins",[33,123481,123482,123484],{},[15,123483,52584],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123486,123487,1048,123489,123491],{},[15,123488,35987],{},[15,123490,52584],{}," work like slice positions:",[30,123493,123494,123499],{},[33,123495,123496,123498],{},[15,123497,35987],{}," is included",[33,123500,123501,75668],{},[15,123502,52584],{},[51,123504,17533],{"id":17532},[20,123506,123507,123509],{},[15,123508,57215],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123511,2273],{},[30,123513,123514,123519],{},[33,123515,123516,123517],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123518,2210],{},[33,123520,123521,123522],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123523,2267],{},[20,123525,40824,123526,5311,123528,3024,123530,144],{},[46,123527,1014],{},[15,123529,3753],{},[15,123531,3827],{},[20,123533,123534,123535,123540],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[88,123536,123538,101528],{"href":123537},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123539,4036],{}," is often a better fit.",[51,123542,506],{"id":505},[20,123544,123545],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[56,123547,123549],{"className":58,"code":123548,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123550,123551,123563,123585,123589],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123552,123553,123555,123557,123559,123561],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123554,34600],{"class":71},[65,123556,76],{"class":75},[65,123558,103],{"class":83},[65,123560,4234],{"class":87},[65,123562,1650],{"class":83},[65,123564,123565,123567,123569,123571,123573,123575,123577,123579,123581,123583],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,123566,401],{"class":71},[65,123568,76],{"class":75},[65,123570,42761],{"class":71},[65,123572,144],{"class":79},[65,123574,41178],{"class":147},[65,123576,168],{"class":79},[65,123578,84],{"class":83},[65,123580,20],{"class":87},[65,123582,84],{"class":83},[65,123584,174],{"class":79},[65,123586,123587],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,123588,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,123590,123591,123593,123595,123597],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,123592,165],{"class":164},[65,123594,168],{"class":79},[65,123596,425],{"class":147},[65,123598,174],{"class":79},[20,123600,191],{},[56,123602,123603],{"className":58,"code":17177,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,123604,123605],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123606,123607],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123608,17177],{"class":96},[20,123610,63746,123611,123614,123615,144],{},[15,123612,123613],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123616,57758],{},[51,123618,123620],{"id":123619},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123622,123623,123625],{},[15,123624,57215],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[56,123627,123629],{"className":58,"code":123628,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123630,123631,123644],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123632,123633,123635,123637,123639,123642],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123634,34600],{"class":71},[65,123636,76],{"class":75},[65,123638,103],{"class":83},[65,123640,123641],{"class":87},"cat dog cat bird cat",[65,123643,1650],{"class":83},[65,123645,123646,123648,123650,123652,123654,123656,123658,123660,123662,123664],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,123647,165],{"class":164},[65,123649,168],{"class":79},[65,123651,34621],{"class":147},[65,123653,144],{"class":79},[65,123655,41178],{"class":147},[65,123657,168],{"class":79},[65,123659,84],{"class":83},[65,123661,36963],{"class":87},[65,123663,84],{"class":83},[65,123665,1870],{"class":79},[20,123667,191],{},[56,123669,123670],{"className":58,"code":46538,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,123671,123672],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123673,123674],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123675,46538],{"class":96},[20,123677,123678],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123680,350],{},[56,123682,123684],{"className":58,"code":123683,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123685,123686,123699],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123687,123688,123690,123692,123694,123697],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123689,34600],{"class":71},[65,123691,76],{"class":75},[65,123693,103],{"class":83},[65,123695,123696],{"class":87},"one One one",[65,123698,1650],{"class":83},[65,123700,123701,123703,123705,123707,123709,123711,123713,123715,123717,123719],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,123702,165],{"class":164},[65,123704,168],{"class":79},[65,123706,34621],{"class":147},[65,123708,144],{"class":79},[65,123710,41178],{"class":147},[65,123712,168],{"class":79},[65,123714,84],{"class":83},[65,123716,6736],{"class":87},[65,123718,84],{"class":83},[65,123720,1870],{"class":79},[20,123722,191],{},[56,123724,123725],{"className":58,"code":17177,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,123726,123727],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123728,123729],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123730,17177],{"class":96},[20,123732,123733,123734,123737,123738,123740],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123735,123736],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123739,57215],{}," is case-sensitive.",[51,123742,8569,123743,1048,123745],{"id":65333},[15,123744,35987],{},[15,123746,52584],{},[20,123748,123749],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[56,123751,123753],{"className":58,"code":123752,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123754,123755,123767,123793],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123756,123757,123759,123761,123763,123765],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123758,34600],{"class":71},[65,123760,76],{"class":75},[65,123762,103],{"class":83},[65,123764,4243],{"class":87},[65,123766,1650],{"class":83},[65,123768,123769,123771,123773,123775,123777,123779,123781,123783,123785,123787,123789,123791],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,123770,165],{"class":164},[65,123772,168],{"class":79},[65,123774,34621],{"class":147},[65,123776,144],{"class":79},[65,123778,41178],{"class":147},[65,123780,168],{"class":79},[65,123782,84],{"class":83},[65,123784,88],{"class":87},[65,123786,84],{"class":83},[65,123788,100],{"class":79},[65,123790,113],{"class":96},[65,123792,1870],{"class":79},[65,123794,123795,123797,123799,123801,123803,123805,123807,123809,123811,123813,123815,123817,123819,123821],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,123796,165],{"class":164},[65,123798,168],{"class":79},[65,123800,34621],{"class":147},[65,123802,144],{"class":79},[65,123804,41178],{"class":147},[65,123806,168],{"class":79},[65,123808,84],{"class":83},[65,123810,88],{"class":87},[65,123812,84],{"class":83},[65,123814,100],{"class":79},[65,123816,113],{"class":96},[65,123818,100],{"class":79},[65,123820,4762],{"class":96},[65,123822,1870],{"class":79},[20,123824,191],{},[56,123826,123828],{"className":58,"code":123827,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"2\n1\n",[15,123829,123830,123834],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123831,123832],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123833,17177],{"class":96},[65,123835,123836],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,123837,46838],{"class":96},[1059,123839,123841],{"id":123840},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123843,123844,123845,93],{},"In ",[15,123846,65201],{},[30,123848,123849,123857,123865],{},[33,123850,70892,123851,123853,123854],{},[15,123852,2204],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123855,123856],{},"\"n\"",[33,123858,123859,123862,123863,75966],{},[15,123860,123861],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123864,2204],{},[33,123866,123867,123862,123870,123872,123873],{},[15,123868,123869],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123871,2204],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123874,2284],{},[20,123876,123877],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[56,123879,123881],{"className":58,"code":123880,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123882,123883,123895],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123884,123885,123887,123889,123891,123893],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123886,34600],{"class":71},[65,123888,76],{"class":75},[65,123890,103],{"class":83},[65,123892,4243],{"class":87},[65,123894,1650],{"class":83},[65,123896,123897,123899,123901,123903,123905,123907,123909,123911],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,123898,165],{"class":164},[65,123900,168],{"class":79},[65,123902,34621],{"class":147},[65,123904,4054],{"class":79},[65,123906,2204],{"class":96},[65,123908,93],{"class":79},[65,123910,2284],{"class":96},[65,123912,4042],{"class":79},[20,123914,191],{},[56,123916,123917],{"className":58,"code":41387,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,123918,123919],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123920,123921],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123922,41387],{"class":71},[20,123924,123925],{},"Only that section is searched.",[51,123927,123929],{"id":123928},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123931,123932,123740],{},[15,123933,57215],{},[20,123935,2254],{},[30,123937,123938,123946],{},[33,123939,123940,1048,123942,123945],{},[15,123941,18211],{},[15,123943,123944],{},"\"A\""," are different",[33,123947,123948,1048,123950,123945],{},[15,123949,64461],{},[15,123951,90345],{},[20,123953,350],{},[56,123955,123957],{"className":58,"code":123956,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123958,123959,123972],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,123960,123961,123963,123965,123967,123970],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,123962,34600],{"class":71},[65,123964,76],{"class":75},[65,123966,103],{"class":83},[65,123968,123969],{"class":87},"Apple apple APPLE",[65,123971,1650],{"class":83},[65,123973,123974,123976,123978,123980,123982,123984,123986,123988,123990,123992],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,123975,165],{"class":164},[65,123977,168],{"class":79},[65,123979,34621],{"class":147},[65,123981,144],{"class":79},[65,123983,41178],{"class":147},[65,123985,168],{"class":79},[65,123987,84],{"class":83},[65,123989,4234],{"class":87},[65,123991,84],{"class":83},[65,123993,1870],{"class":79},[20,123995,191],{},[56,123997,123998],{"className":58,"code":46838,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,123999,124000],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124001,124002],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124003,46838],{"class":96},[20,124005,124006,124007,93],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[88,124008,124010],{"href":124009},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124011,124012],{},"lower()",[56,124014,124016],{"className":58,"code":124015,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124017,124018,124030],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124019,124020,124022,124024,124026,124028],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124021,34600],{"class":71},[65,124023,76],{"class":75},[65,124025,103],{"class":83},[65,124027,123969],{"class":87},[65,124029,1650],{"class":83},[65,124031,124032,124034,124036,124038,124040,124042,124044,124046,124048,124050,124052,124054],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,124033,165],{"class":164},[65,124035,168],{"class":79},[65,124037,34621],{"class":147},[65,124039,144],{"class":79},[65,124041,8791],{"class":147},[65,124043,8788],{"class":79},[65,124045,41178],{"class":147},[65,124047,168],{"class":79},[65,124049,84],{"class":83},[65,124051,4234],{"class":87},[65,124053,84],{"class":83},[65,124055,1870],{"class":79},[20,124057,191],{},[56,124059,124060],{"className":58,"code":46538,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,124061,124062],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124063,124064],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124065,46538],{"class":96},[51,124067,1766],{"id":1765},[20,124069,23202,124070,144],{},[15,124071,57215],{},[1059,124073,1792,124075,124077],{"id":124074},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124076,57215],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124079,124080],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[56,124082,124084],{"className":58,"code":124083,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124085,124086,124099],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124087,124088,124090,124092,124094,124097],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124089,34600],{"class":71},[65,124091,76],{"class":75},[65,124093,103],{"class":83},[65,124095,124096],{"class":87},"Aardvark",[65,124098,1650],{"class":83},[65,124100,124101,124103,124105,124107,124109,124111,124113,124115,124117,124119],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,124102,165],{"class":164},[65,124104,168],{"class":79},[65,124106,34621],{"class":147},[65,124108,144],{"class":79},[65,124110,41178],{"class":147},[65,124112,168],{"class":79},[65,124114,84],{"class":83},[65,124116,88],{"class":87},[65,124118,84],{"class":83},[65,124120,1870],{"class":79},[20,124122,191],{},[56,124124,124125],{"className":58,"code":17177,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,124126,124127],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124128,124129],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124130,17177],{"class":96},[20,124132,123733,124133,124135],{},[15,124134,123944],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124137,124138],{},"If needed, convert first:",[56,124140,124142],{"className":58,"code":124141,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124143,124144,124156],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124145,124146,124148,124150,124152,124154],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124147,34600],{"class":71},[65,124149,76],{"class":75},[65,124151,103],{"class":83},[65,124153,124096],{"class":87},[65,124155,1650],{"class":83},[65,124157,124158,124160,124162,124164,124166,124168,124170,124172,124174,124176,124178,124180],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,124159,165],{"class":164},[65,124161,168],{"class":79},[65,124163,34621],{"class":147},[65,124165,144],{"class":79},[65,124167,8791],{"class":147},[65,124169,8788],{"class":79},[65,124171,41178],{"class":147},[65,124173,168],{"class":79},[65,124175,84],{"class":83},[65,124177,88],{"class":87},[65,124179,84],{"class":83},[65,124181,1870],{"class":79},[1059,124183,124185],{"id":124184},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124187,124188],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[56,124190,124192],{"className":58,"code":124191,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124193,124194,124206],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124195,124196,124198,124200,124202,124204],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124197,34600],{"class":71},[65,124199,76],{"class":75},[65,124201,103],{"class":83},[65,124203,4243],{"class":87},[65,124205,1650],{"class":83},[65,124207,124208,124210,124212,124214,124216,124218,124220,124222],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,124209,165],{"class":164},[65,124211,168],{"class":79},[65,124213,34621],{"class":147},[65,124215,144],{"class":79},[65,124217,41178],{"class":147},[65,124219,168],{"class":79},[65,124221,88],{"class":147},[65,124223,1870],{"class":79},[20,124225,124226,124227,144],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124228,88],{},[20,124230,10952],{},[56,124232,124234],{"className":58,"code":124233,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124235,124236,124248],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124237,124238,124240,124242,124244,124246],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124239,34600],{"class":71},[65,124241,76],{"class":75},[65,124243,103],{"class":83},[65,124245,4243],{"class":87},[65,124247,1650],{"class":83},[65,124249,124250,124252,124254,124256,124258,124260,124262,124264,124266,124268],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,124251,165],{"class":164},[65,124253,168],{"class":79},[65,124255,34621],{"class":147},[65,124257,144],{"class":79},[65,124259,41178],{"class":147},[65,124261,168],{"class":79},[65,124263,84],{"class":83},[65,124265,88],{"class":87},[65,124267,84],{"class":83},[65,124269,1870],{"class":79},[1059,124271,37120,124273,8855,124275,3024,124278],{"id":124272},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124274,57215],{},[15,124276,124277],{},"find()",[15,124279,58893],{},[20,124281,1309,124282,124284,124285,144],{},[15,124283,57215],{}," when you need the ",[46,124286,124287],{},"number of matches",[20,124289,1309,124290,124284,124295,124297],{},[88,124291,124293],{"href":124292},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124294,124277],{},[46,124296,64873],{}," of the first match.",[20,124299,1309,124300,124305],{},[88,124301,124303],{"href":124302},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124304,58893],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1059,124307,124309],{"id":124308},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124311,124312,124314],{},[15,124313,57215],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124316,350],{},[56,124318,124320],{"className":58,"code":124319,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124321,124322,124335],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124323,124324,124326,124328,124330,124333],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124325,34600],{"class":71},[65,124327,76],{"class":75},[65,124329,103],{"class":83},[65,124331,124332],{"class":87},"aaaa",[65,124334,1650],{"class":83},[65,124336,124337,124339,124341,124343,124345,124347,124349,124351,124354,124356],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,124338,165],{"class":164},[65,124340,168],{"class":79},[65,124342,34621],{"class":147},[65,124344,144],{"class":79},[65,124346,41178],{"class":147},[65,124348,168],{"class":79},[65,124350,84],{"class":83},[65,124352,124353],{"class":87},"aa",[65,124355,84],{"class":83},[65,124357,1870],{"class":79},[20,124359,191],{},[56,124361,124362],{"className":58,"code":17177,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,124363,124364],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124365,124366],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124367,17177],{"class":96},[20,124369,124370,124371,144],{},"It does not return ",[15,124372,2210],{},[20,124374,124375],{},"Why not?",[20,124377,124378],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[30,124380,124381,124390],{},[33,124382,124383,124386,124387],{},[15,124384,124385],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124388,124389],{},"0-1",[33,124391,124392,124386,124394],{},[15,124393,124385],{},[15,124395,124396],{},"2-3",[20,124398,124399,124400,144],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124401,124402],{},"1-2",[51,124404,1553,124405],{"id":58298},[15,124406,57215],{},[20,124408,1309,124409,124411],{},[15,124410,57215],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124413,124414],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[30,124416,124417,124426,124436,124446],{},[33,124418,1309,124419,124421,124422,124425],{},[15,124420,57215],{}," when you need ",[46,124423,124424],{},"how many times"," something appears",[33,124427,1309,124428,124421,124432,124435],{},[88,124429,124430],{"href":124292},[15,124431,124277],{},[46,124433,124434],{},"where"," it appears",[33,124437,47732,124438,124442,124443],{},[88,124439,124440,101528],{"href":123537},[15,124441,4036],{}," when you only need to know ",[46,124444,124445],{},"if it exists",[33,124447,1309,124448,124454],{},[88,124449,124451],{"href":124450},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124452,124453],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[51,124456,26049],{"id":26048},[20,124458,9026,124459,124461],{},[15,124460,57215],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[56,124463,124465],{"className":58,"code":124464,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124466,124467,124477,124491,124513,124539],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124468,124469,124471,124473,124475],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124470,165],{"class":164},[65,124472,168],{"class":79},[65,124474,34621],{"class":147},[65,124476,174],{"class":79},[65,124478,124479,124481,124483,124485,124487,124489],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,124480,165],{"class":164},[65,124482,168],{"class":79},[65,124484,3370],{"class":1368},[65,124486,168],{"class":79},[65,124488,34621],{"class":147},[65,124490,1870],{"class":79},[65,124492,124493,124495,124497,124499,124501,124503,124505,124507,124509,124511],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,124494,165],{"class":164},[65,124496,168],{"class":79},[65,124498,34621],{"class":147},[65,124500,144],{"class":79},[65,124502,41178],{"class":147},[65,124504,168],{"class":79},[65,124506,84],{"class":83},[65,124508,88],{"class":87},[65,124510,84],{"class":83},[65,124512,1870],{"class":79},[65,124514,124515,124517,124519,124521,124523,124525,124527,124529,124531,124533,124535,124537],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,124516,165],{"class":164},[65,124518,168],{"class":79},[65,124520,34621],{"class":147},[65,124522,144],{"class":79},[65,124524,8791],{"class":147},[65,124526,8788],{"class":79},[65,124528,41178],{"class":147},[65,124530,168],{"class":79},[65,124532,84],{"class":83},[65,124534,88],{"class":87},[65,124536,84],{"class":83},[65,124538,1870],{"class":79},[65,124540,124541,124543,124545,124547,124549,124551,124553,124555,124557,124559],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,124542,165],{"class":164},[65,124544,168],{"class":79},[65,124546,34621],{"class":147},[65,124548,144],{"class":79},[65,124550,41178],{"class":147},[65,124552,168],{"class":79},[65,124554,84],{"class":83},[65,124556,123375],{"class":87},[65,124558,84],{"class":83},[65,124560,1870],{"class":79},[20,124562,124563],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[30,124565,124566,124569,124574,124577],{},[33,124567,124568],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,124570,124571,124573],{},[15,124572,34621],{}," not being a string",[33,124575,124576],{},"counting the wrong substring",[33,124578,124579],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124581,58787],{},[30,124583,124584,124587,124590,124593],{},[33,124585,124586],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[33,124588,124589],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[33,124591,124592],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[33,124594,50414,124595,44550,124597,3024,124599,73238],{},[15,124596,57215],{},[15,124598,124277],{},[15,124600,4036],{},[51,124602,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,124604,124606,124607,124609],{"id":124605},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124608,57215],{}," change the original string?",[20,124611,124612],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1059,124614,15029,124616,124618],{"id":124615},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124617,57215],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124620,124621],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1059,124623,1953,124625,124627],{"id":124624},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124626,57215],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124629,5298,124630,144],{},[15,124631,2267],{},[1059,124633,5320,124635,124637],{"id":124634},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124636,57215],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124639,124640],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1059,124642,1966,124644,124646],{"id":124643},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124645,57215],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124648,124649],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[51,124651,2015],{"id":2014},[30,124653,124654,124661,124668,124675,124682],{},[33,124655,124656],{},[88,124657,124658],{"href":124292},[15,124659,124660],{},"Python string find() method",[33,124662,124663],{},[88,124664,124665],{"href":124302},[15,124666,124667],{},"Python string index() method",[33,124669,124670],{},[88,124671,124672],{"href":124009},[15,124673,124674],{},"Python string lower() method",[33,124676,124677],{},[88,124678,124679],{"href":123537},[15,124680,124681],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[33,124683,124684],{},[88,124685,124686],{"href":124450},[15,124687,124688],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2071,124690,124691],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":124693},[124694,124695,124697,124700,124701,124702,124703,124706,124707,124715,124716,124717,124729],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":123403,"depth":133,"text":124696},"What the count() method does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283,"children":124698},[124699],{"id":17508,"depth":154,"text":17509},{"id":17532,"depth":133,"text":17533},{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506},{"id":123619,"depth":133,"text":123620},{"id":65333,"depth":133,"text":66116,"children":124704},[124705],{"id":123840,"depth":154,"text":123841},{"id":123928,"depth":133,"text":123929},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":124708},[124709,124711,124712,124714],{"id":124074,"depth":154,"text":124710},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124184,"depth":154,"text":124185},{"id":124272,"depth":154,"text":124713},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124308,"depth":154,"text":124309},{"id":58298,"depth":133,"text":58929},{"id":26048,"depth":133,"text":26049},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":124718},[124719,124721,124723,124725,124727],{"id":124605,"depth":154,"text":124720},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124615,"depth":154,"text":124722},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124624,"depth":154,"text":124724},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124634,"depth":154,"text":124726},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124643,"depth":154,"text":124728},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123276,"description":124730},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124737,"title":124738,"body":124739,"description":126324,"extension":2111,"meta":126325,"navigation":157,"path":126326,"seo":126327,"stem":126328,"__hash__":126329},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124740,"toc":126297},[124741,124744,124747,124844,124853,124855,124874,124878,124881,124884,124897,124900,124929,124934,124939,124997,124999,125032,125038,125042,125045,125048,125077,125080,125107,125110,125113,125117,125120,125127,125190,125192,125210,125213,125217,125220,125223,125265,125268,125312,125315,125318,125322,125327,125330,125373,125375,125398,125401,125434,125437,125486,125496,125500,125503,125506,125535,125538,125549,125551,125610,125613,125617,125620,125623,125638,125647,125650,125684,125687,125714,125717,125724,125726,125729,125731,125734,125748,125757,125759,125786,125790,125793,125807,125810,125869,125873,125876,125903,125906,125933,125941,125944,126004,126006,126039,126043,126046,126065,126070,126119,126124,126126,126129,126188,126206,126208,126212,126220,126224,126227,126231,126237,126241,126251,126255,126258,126260,126294],[10,124742,124738],{"id":124743},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124745,124746],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[56,124748,124750],{"className":58,"code":124749,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124751,124752,124764,124776,124785,124799,124803,124813,124823,124834],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124753,124754,124756,124758,124760,124762],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124755,8027],{"class":71},[65,124757,76],{"class":75},[65,124759,103],{"class":83},[65,124761,378],{"class":87},[65,124763,1650],{"class":83},[65,124765,124766,124768,124770,124772,124774],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,124767,89934],{"class":71},[65,124769,76],{"class":75},[65,124771,233],{"class":83},[65,124773,34780],{"class":87},[65,124775,1379],{"class":83},[65,124777,124778,124781,124783],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,124779,124780],{"class":71},"empty ",[65,124782,76],{"class":75},[65,124784,8032],{"class":83},[65,124786,124787,124789,124791,124793,124795,124797],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,124788,34600],{"class":71},[65,124790,76],{"class":75},[65,124792,48826],{"class":1368},[65,124794,168],{"class":79},[65,124796,50168],{"class":96},[65,124798,174],{"class":79},[65,124800,124801],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,124802,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,124804,124805,124807,124809,124811],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,124806,165],{"class":164},[65,124808,168],{"class":79},[65,124810,369],{"class":147},[65,124812,174],{"class":79},[65,124814,124815,124817,124819,124821],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,124816,165],{"class":164},[65,124818,168],{"class":79},[65,124820,89951],{"class":147},[65,124822,174],{"class":79},[65,124824,124825,124827,124829,124832],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,124826,165],{"class":164},[65,124828,168],{"class":79},[65,124830,124831],{"class":147},"empty",[65,124833,174],{"class":79},[65,124835,124836,124838,124840,124842],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,124837,165],{"class":164},[65,124839,168],{"class":79},[65,124841,34621],{"class":147},[65,124843,174],{"class":79},[20,124845,124846,124849,124850,124852],{},[46,124847,124848],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124851,47605],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[51,124854,15289],{"id":15288},[30,124856,124857,124860,124863,124866,124871],{},[33,124858,124859],{},"What a string is in Python",[33,124861,124862],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[33,124864,124865],{},"How to create an empty string",[33,124867,124868,124869],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124870,47605],{},[33,124872,124873],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[51,124875,124877],{"id":124876},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124879,124880],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124882,124883],{},"Strings can contain:",[30,124885,124886,124889,124891,124894],{},[33,124887,124888],{},"Letters",[33,124890,56386],{},[33,124892,124893],{},"Spaces",[33,124895,124896],{},"Symbols",[20,124898,124899],{},"Examples of strings:",[56,124901,124903],{"className":58,"code":124902,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124904,124905,124913,124921],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124906,124907,124909,124911],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124908,84],{"class":43248},[65,124910,3998],{"class":43252},[65,124912,1650],{"class":43248},[65,124914,124915,124917,124919],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,124916,84],{"class":43248},[65,124918,50168],{"class":43252},[65,124920,1650],{"class":43248},[65,124922,124923,124925,124927],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,124924,84],{"class":43248},[65,124926,89076],{"class":43252},[65,124928,1650],{"class":43248},[20,124930,21093,124931,124933],{},[15,124932,50218],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124935,124936,124937,93],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124938,2447],{},[56,124940,124942],{"className":58,"code":124941,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124943,124944,124956,124965,124969,124983],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,124945,124946,124948,124950,124952,124954],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,124947,34600],{"class":71},[65,124949,76],{"class":75},[65,124951,103],{"class":83},[65,124953,50168],{"class":87},[65,124955,1650],{"class":83},[65,124957,124958,124960,124962],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,124959,2363],{"class":71},[65,124961,76],{"class":75},[65,124963,124964],{"class":96}," 123\n",[65,124966,124967],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,124968,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,124970,124971,124973,124975,124977,124979,124981],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,124972,165],{"class":164},[65,124974,168],{"class":79},[65,124976,3370],{"class":1368},[65,124978,168],{"class":79},[65,124980,34621],{"class":147},[65,124982,1870],{"class":79},[65,124984,124985,124987,124989,124991,124993,124995],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,124986,165],{"class":164},[65,124988,168],{"class":79},[65,124990,3370],{"class":1368},[65,124992,168],{"class":79},[65,124994,2385],{"class":147},[65,124996,1870],{"class":79},[20,124998,191],{},[56,125000,125002],{"className":58,"code":125001,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125003,125004,125018],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125005,125006,125008,125010,125012,125014,125016],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125007,3439],{"class":75},[65,125009,3442],{"class":1696},[65,125011,233],{"class":83},[65,125013,3591],{"class":87},[65,125015,203],{"class":83},[65,125017,3451],{"class":75},[65,125019,125020,125022,125024,125026,125028,125030],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125021,3439],{"class":75},[65,125023,3442],{"class":1696},[65,125025,233],{"class":83},[65,125027,2335],{"class":87},[65,125029,203],{"class":83},[65,125031,3451],{"class":75},[20,125033,125034,125035,144],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[88,125036,125037],{"href":50898},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[51,125039,125041],{"id":125040},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125043,125044],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125046,125047],{},"You can use single quotes:",[56,125049,125051],{"className":58,"code":125050,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125052,125053,125066],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125054,125055,125058,125060,125062,125064],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125056,125057],{"class":71},"greeting ",[65,125059,76],{"class":75},[65,125061,233],{"class":83},[65,125063,3998],{"class":87},[65,125065,1379],{"class":83},[65,125067,125068,125070,125072,125075],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125069,165],{"class":164},[65,125071,168],{"class":79},[65,125073,125074],{"class":147},"greeting",[65,125076,174],{"class":79},[20,125078,125079],{},"Or double quotes:",[56,125081,125083],{"className":58,"code":125082,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125084,125085,125097],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125086,125087,125089,125091,125093,125095],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125088,125057],{"class":71},[65,125090,76],{"class":75},[65,125092,103],{"class":83},[65,125094,3998],{"class":87},[65,125096,1650],{"class":83},[65,125098,125099,125101,125103,125105],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125100,165],{"class":164},[65,125102,168],{"class":79},[65,125104,125074],{"class":147},[65,125106,174],{"class":79},[20,125108,125109],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125111,125112],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[51,125114,125116],{"id":125115},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125118,125119],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125121,125122,125123,3024,125125,93],{},"Use either ",[15,125124,6425],{},[15,125126,3925],{},[56,125128,125130],{"className":58,"code":125129,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125131,125132,125141,125150,125154,125165,125176],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125133,125134,125137,125139],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125135,125136],{"class":71},"empty1 ",[65,125138,76],{"class":75},[65,125140,8032],{"class":83},[65,125142,125143,125146,125148],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125144,125145],{"class":71},"empty2 ",[65,125147,76],{"class":75},[65,125149,47417],{"class":83},[65,125151,125152],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,125153,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,125155,125156,125158,125160,125163],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,125157,165],{"class":164},[65,125159,168],{"class":79},[65,125161,125162],{"class":147},"empty1",[65,125164,174],{"class":79},[65,125166,125167,125169,125171,125174],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,125168,165],{"class":164},[65,125170,168],{"class":79},[65,125172,125173],{"class":147},"empty2",[65,125175,174],{"class":79},[65,125177,125178,125180,125182,125184,125186,125188],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,125179,165],{"class":164},[65,125181,168],{"class":79},[65,125183,3370],{"class":1368},[65,125185,168],{"class":79},[65,125187,125162],{"class":147},[65,125189,1870],{"class":79},[20,125191,191],{},[56,125193,125194],{"className":58,"code":45691,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,125195,125196],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125197,125198,125200,125202,125204,125206,125208],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125199,3439],{"class":75},[65,125201,3442],{"class":1696},[65,125203,233],{"class":83},[65,125205,3591],{"class":87},[65,125207,203],{"class":83},[65,125209,3451],{"class":75},[20,125211,125212],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[51,125214,125216],{"id":125215},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125218,125219],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125221,125222],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[56,125224,125226],{"className":58,"code":125225,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125227,125228,125239,125244,125251,125255],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125229,125230,125232,125234,125237],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125231,89934],{"class":71},[65,125233,76],{"class":75},[65,125235,125236],{"class":83}," \"\"\"",[65,125238,88876],{"class":87},[65,125240,125241],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125242,125243],{"class":87},"Welcome to Python\n",[65,125245,125246,125249],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,125247,125248],{"class":87},"Have a nice day",[65,125250,43256],{"class":83},[65,125252,125253],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,125254,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,125256,125257,125259,125261,125263],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,125258,165],{"class":164},[65,125260,168],{"class":79},[65,125262,89951],{"class":147},[65,125264,174],{"class":79},[20,125266,125267],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[56,125269,125271],{"className":58,"code":125270,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125272,125273,125285,125290,125298,125302],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125274,125275,125277,125279,125282],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125276,89934],{"class":71},[65,125278,76],{"class":75},[65,125280,125281],{"class":83}," '''",[65,125283,125284],{"class":87},"Line 1\n",[65,125286,125287],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125288,125289],{"class":87},"Line 2\n",[65,125291,125292,125295],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,125293,125294],{"class":87},"Line 3",[65,125296,125297],{"class":83},"'''\n",[65,125299,125300],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,125301,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,125303,125304,125306,125308,125310],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,125305,165],{"class":164},[65,125307,168],{"class":79},[65,125309,89951],{"class":147},[65,125311,174],{"class":79},[20,125313,125314],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125316,125317],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[51,125319,125321],{"id":125320},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125323,22,125324,125326],{},[15,125325,47605],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125328,125329],{},"Example with a number:",[56,125331,125333],{"className":58,"code":125332,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125334,125335,125349,125359],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125336,125337,125339,125341,125343,125345,125347],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125338,34600],{"class":71},[65,125340,76],{"class":75},[65,125342,48826],{"class":1368},[65,125344,168],{"class":79},[65,125346,46447],{"class":96},[65,125348,174],{"class":79},[65,125350,125351,125353,125355,125357],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125352,165],{"class":164},[65,125354,168],{"class":79},[65,125356,34621],{"class":147},[65,125358,174],{"class":79},[65,125360,125361,125363,125365,125367,125369,125371],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,125362,165],{"class":164},[65,125364,168],{"class":79},[65,125366,3370],{"class":1368},[65,125368,168],{"class":79},[65,125370,34621],{"class":147},[65,125372,1870],{"class":79},[20,125374,191],{},[56,125376,125378],{"className":58,"code":125377,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125379,125380,125384],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125381,125382],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125383,46533],{"class":96},[65,125385,125386,125388,125390,125392,125394,125396],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125387,3439],{"class":75},[65,125389,3442],{"class":1696},[65,125391,233],{"class":83},[65,125393,3591],{"class":87},[65,125395,203],{"class":83},[65,125397,3451],{"class":75},[20,125399,125400],{},"You can also convert other values:",[56,125402,125404],{"className":58,"code":125403,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125405,125406,125420],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125407,125408,125410,125412,125414,125416,125418],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125409,165],{"class":164},[65,125411,168],{"class":79},[65,125413,3591],{"class":1368},[65,125415,168],{"class":79},[65,125417,3753],{"class":4005},[65,125419,1870],{"class":79},[65,125421,125422,125424,125426,125428,125430,125432],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125423,165],{"class":164},[65,125425,168],{"class":79},[65,125427,3591],{"class":1368},[65,125429,168],{"class":79},[65,125431,40061],{"class":96},[65,125433,1870],{"class":79},[20,125435,125436],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[56,125438,125440],{"className":58,"code":125439,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125441,125442,125450,125472,125476],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125443,125444,125446,125448],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125445,21741],{"class":71},[65,125447,76],{"class":75},[65,125449,45146],{"class":96},[65,125451,125452,125454,125456,125458,125460,125462,125464,125466,125468,125470],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125453,89934],{"class":71},[65,125455,76],{"class":75},[65,125457,103],{"class":83},[65,125459,89352],{"class":87},[65,125461,84],{"class":83},[65,125463,2599],{"class":75},[65,125465,48826],{"class":1368},[65,125467,168],{"class":79},[65,125469,387],{"class":147},[65,125471,174],{"class":79},[65,125473,125474],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,125475,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,125477,125478,125480,125482,125484],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,125479,165],{"class":164},[65,125481,168],{"class":79},[65,125483,89951],{"class":147},[65,125485,174],{"class":79},[20,125487,125488,125489,3024,125493,144],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[88,125490,3724,125491,3657],{"href":42094},[15,125492,47605],{},[88,125494,125495],{"href":123207},"how to convert int to string in Python",[51,125497,125499],{"id":125498},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125501,125502],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125504,125505],{},"Both of these are valid:",[56,125507,125509],{"className":58,"code":125508,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125510,125511,125523],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125512,125513,125515,125517,125519,125521],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125514,2700],{"class":71},[65,125516,76],{"class":75},[65,125518,233],{"class":83},[65,125520,7446],{"class":87},[65,125522,1379],{"class":83},[65,125524,125525,125527,125529,125531,125533],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125526,2728],{"class":71},[65,125528,76],{"class":75},[65,125530,103],{"class":83},[65,125532,7446],{"class":87},[65,125534,1650],{"class":83},[20,125536,125537],{},"A common rule is:",[30,125539,125540,125543,125546],{},[33,125541,125542],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[33,125544,125545],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[33,125547,125548],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125550,350],{},[56,125552,125554],{"className":58,"code":125553,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125555,125556,125570,125584,125588,125599],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125557,125558,125561,125563,125565,125568],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125559,125560],{"class":71},"text1 ",[65,125562,76],{"class":75},[65,125564,103],{"class":83},[65,125566,125567],{"class":87},"It's working",[65,125569,1650],{"class":83},[65,125571,125572,125575,125577,125579,125582],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125573,125574],{"class":71},"text2 ",[65,125576,76],{"class":75},[65,125578,233],{"class":83},[65,125580,125581],{"class":87},"She said \"hello\"",[65,125583,1379],{"class":83},[65,125585,125586],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,125587,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,125589,125590,125592,125594,125597],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,125591,165],{"class":164},[65,125593,168],{"class":79},[65,125595,125596],{"class":147},"text1",[65,125598,174],{"class":79},[65,125600,125601,125603,125605,125608],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,125602,165],{"class":164},[65,125604,168],{"class":79},[65,125606,125607],{"class":147},"text2",[65,125609,174],{"class":79},[20,125611,125612],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[51,125614,125616],{"id":125615},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125618,125619],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125621,125622],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[56,125624,125626],{"className":58,"code":125625,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125627,125628,125633],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125629,125630],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125631,125632],{"class":3816},"# This will cause an error\n",[65,125634,125635],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125636,125637],{"class":3816},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125639,125640,125641,35243,125643,125646],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125642,203],{},[15,125644,125645],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125648,125649],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[56,125651,125653],{"className":58,"code":125652,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125654,125655,125674],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125656,125657,125659,125661,125663,125666,125669,125672],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125658,34600],{"class":71},[65,125660,76],{"class":75},[65,125662,233],{"class":83},[65,125664,125665],{"class":87},"It",[65,125667,125668],{"class":34365},"\\'",[65,125670,125671],{"class":87},"s working",[65,125673,1379],{"class":83},[65,125675,125676,125678,125680,125682],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125677,165],{"class":164},[65,125679,168],{"class":79},[65,125681,34621],{"class":147},[65,125683,174],{"class":79},[20,125685,125686],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[56,125688,125690],{"className":58,"code":125689,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125691,125692,125704],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125693,125694,125696,125698,125700,125702],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125695,34600],{"class":71},[65,125697,76],{"class":75},[65,125699,103],{"class":83},[65,125701,125567],{"class":87},[65,125703,1650],{"class":83},[65,125705,125706,125708,125710,125712],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125707,165],{"class":164},[65,125709,168],{"class":79},[65,125711,34621],{"class":147},[65,125713,174],{"class":79},[20,125715,125716],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125718,125719,125720,144],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[88,125721,125723],{"href":125722},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[51,125725,1766],{"id":1765},[20,125727,125728],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1059,125730,90141],{"id":90140},[20,125732,125733],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[56,125735,125737],{"className":58,"code":125736,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125738,125739,125743],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125740,125741],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125742,125632],{"class":3816},[65,125744,125745],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125746,125747],{"class":3816},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125749,125750,125751,8752,125754,125756],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125752,125753],{},"NameError",[15,125755,378],{}," is not defined.",[20,125758,10952],{},[56,125760,125762],{"className":58,"code":125761,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125763,125764,125776],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125765,125766,125768,125770,125772,125774],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125767,8027],{"class":71},[65,125769,76],{"class":75},[65,125771,103],{"class":83},[65,125773,378],{"class":87},[65,125775,1650],{"class":83},[65,125777,125778,125780,125782,125784],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125779,165],{"class":164},[65,125781,168],{"class":79},[65,125783,369],{"class":147},[65,125785,174],{"class":79},[1059,125787,125789],{"id":125788},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125791,125792],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[56,125794,125796],{"className":58,"code":125795,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125797,125798,125802],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125799,125800],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125801,125632],{"class":3816},[65,125803,125804],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125805,125806],{"class":3816},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125808,125809],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[56,125811,125813],{"className":58,"code":125812,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125814,125815,125832,125845,125849,125859],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125816,125817,125819,125821,125823,125825,125827,125830],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125818,125560],{"class":71},[65,125820,76],{"class":75},[65,125822,233],{"class":83},[65,125824,125665],{"class":87},[65,125826,125668],{"class":34365},[65,125828,125829],{"class":87},"s good",[65,125831,1379],{"class":83},[65,125833,125834,125836,125838,125840,125843],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125835,125574],{"class":71},[65,125837,76],{"class":75},[65,125839,103],{"class":83},[65,125841,125842],{"class":87},"It's good",[65,125844,1650],{"class":83},[65,125846,125847],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,125848,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,125850,125851,125853,125855,125857],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,125852,165],{"class":164},[65,125854,168],{"class":79},[65,125856,125596],{"class":147},[65,125858,174],{"class":79},[65,125860,125861,125863,125865,125867],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,125862,165],{"class":164},[65,125864,168],{"class":79},[65,125866,125607],{"class":147},[65,125868,174],{"class":79},[1059,125870,125872],{"id":125871},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125874,125875],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[56,125877,125879],{"className":58,"code":125878,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125880,125881,125893],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125882,125883,125885,125887,125889,125891],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125884,34600],{"class":71},[65,125886,76],{"class":75},[65,125888,125236],{"class":83},[65,125890,3998],{"class":87},[65,125892,43256],{"class":83},[65,125894,125895,125897,125899,125901],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125896,165],{"class":164},[65,125898,168],{"class":79},[65,125900,34621],{"class":147},[65,125902,174],{"class":79},[20,125904,125905],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[56,125907,125909],{"className":58,"code":125908,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125910,125911,125923],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125912,125913,125915,125917,125919,125921],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125914,34600],{"class":71},[65,125916,76],{"class":75},[65,125918,103],{"class":83},[65,125920,3998],{"class":87},[65,125922,1650],{"class":83},[65,125924,125925,125927,125929,125931],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125926,165],{"class":164},[65,125928,168],{"class":79},[65,125930,34621],{"class":147},[65,125932,174],{"class":79},[1059,125934,4736,125936,1048,125938,125940],{"id":125935},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125937,50168],{},[15,125939,50218],{}," are the same type",[20,125942,125943],{},"They are different:",[56,125945,125947],{"className":58,"code":125946,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125948,125949,125958,125971,125975,125989],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,125950,125951,125954,125956],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,125952,125953],{"class":71},"value1 ",[65,125955,76],{"class":75},[65,125957,124964],{"class":96},[65,125959,125960,125963,125965,125967,125969],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,125961,125962],{"class":71},"value2 ",[65,125964,76],{"class":75},[65,125966,103],{"class":83},[65,125968,50168],{"class":87},[65,125970,1650],{"class":83},[65,125972,125973],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,125974,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,125976,125977,125979,125981,125983,125985,125987],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,125978,165],{"class":164},[65,125980,168],{"class":79},[65,125982,3370],{"class":1368},[65,125984,168],{"class":79},[65,125986,84697],{"class":147},[65,125988,1870],{"class":79},[65,125990,125991,125993,125995,125997,125999,126002],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,125992,165],{"class":164},[65,125994,168],{"class":79},[65,125996,3370],{"class":1368},[65,125998,168],{"class":79},[65,126000,126001],{"class":147},"value2",[65,126003,1870],{"class":79},[20,126005,191],{},[56,126007,126009],{"className":58,"code":126008,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126010,126011,126025],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126012,126013,126015,126017,126019,126021,126023],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126014,3439],{"class":75},[65,126016,3442],{"class":1696},[65,126018,233],{"class":83},[65,126020,2335],{"class":87},[65,126022,203],{"class":83},[65,126024,3451],{"class":75},[65,126026,126027,126029,126031,126033,126035,126037],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,126028,3439],{"class":75},[65,126030,3442],{"class":1696},[65,126032,233],{"class":83},[65,126034,3591],{"class":87},[65,126036,203],{"class":83},[65,126038,3451],{"class":75},[1059,126040,126042],{"id":126041},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126044,126045],{},"This causes a type error:",[56,126047,126049],{"className":58,"code":126048,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126050,126051,126055,126060],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126052,126053],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126054,125632],{"class":3816},[65,126056,126057],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,126058,126059],{"class":3816},"# age = 10\n",[65,126061,126062],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,126063,126064],{"class":3816},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126066,126067,126068,93],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126069,47605],{},[56,126071,126073],{"className":58,"code":126072,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126074,126075,126083,126105,126109],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126076,126077,126079,126081],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126078,21741],{"class":71},[65,126080,76],{"class":75},[65,126082,2733],{"class":96},[65,126084,126085,126087,126089,126091,126093,126095,126097,126099,126101,126103],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,126086,89934],{"class":71},[65,126088,76],{"class":75},[65,126090,103],{"class":83},[65,126092,89352],{"class":87},[65,126094,84],{"class":83},[65,126096,2599],{"class":75},[65,126098,48826],{"class":1368},[65,126100,168],{"class":79},[65,126102,387],{"class":147},[65,126104,174],{"class":79},[65,126106,126107],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,126108,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,126110,126111,126113,126115,126117],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,126112,165],{"class":164},[65,126114,168],{"class":79},[65,126116,89951],{"class":147},[65,126118,174],{"class":79},[20,126120,126121,126122,144],{},"For this specific error, see ",[88,126123,90333],{"href":90332},[1059,126125,60636],{"id":60635},[20,126127,126128],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[56,126130,126132],{"className":58,"code":126131,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126133,126134,126146,126150,126160,126174],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126135,126136,126138,126140,126142,126144],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126137,34600],{"class":71},[65,126139,76],{"class":75},[65,126141,103],{"class":83},[65,126143,3998],{"class":87},[65,126145,1650],{"class":83},[65,126147,126148],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,126149,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,126151,126152,126154,126156,126158],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,126153,165],{"class":164},[65,126155,168],{"class":79},[65,126157,34621],{"class":147},[65,126159,174],{"class":79},[65,126161,126162,126164,126166,126168,126170,126172],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,126163,165],{"class":164},[65,126165,168],{"class":79},[65,126167,3370],{"class":1368},[65,126169,168],{"class":79},[65,126171,34621],{"class":147},[65,126173,1870],{"class":79},[65,126175,126176,126178,126180,126182,126184,126186],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,126177,165],{"class":164},[65,126179,168],{"class":79},[65,126181,41698],{"class":164},[65,126183,168],{"class":79},[65,126185,34621],{"class":147},[65,126187,1870],{"class":79},[30,126189,126190,126195,126200],{},[33,126191,126192,46199],{},[15,126193,126194],{},"print(text)",[33,126196,126197,46204],{},[15,126198,126199],{},"print(type(text))",[33,126201,126202,126205],{},[15,126203,126204],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[51,126207,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,126209,126211],{"id":126210},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126213,126214,126215,3024,126218,144],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126216,126217],{},"'hello'",[15,126219,64461],{},[1059,126221,126223],{"id":126222},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126225,126226],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1059,126228,126230],{"id":126229},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126232,1309,126233,3024,126235,144],{},[15,126234,6425],{},[15,126236,3925],{},[1059,126238,126240],{"id":126239},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126242,1309,126243,126245,126246,126248,126249,144],{},[15,126244,47605],{},", like ",[15,126247,80307],{},", which returns ",[15,126250,42045],{},[1059,126252,126254],{"id":126253},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126256,126257],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[51,126259,2015],{"id":2014},[30,126261,126262,126266,126272,126277,126286,126290],{},[33,126263,126264],{},[88,126265,125037],{"href":50898},[33,126267,126268],{},[88,126269,3724,126270,3657],{"href":42094},[15,126271,47605],{},[33,126273,126274],{},[88,126275,126276],{"href":123207},"How to convert int to string in Python",[33,126278,126279],{},[88,126280,126282,126283,10885],{"href":126281},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126284,126285],{},"format()",[33,126287,126288],{},[88,126289,125723],{"href":125722},[33,126291,126292],{},[88,126293,90333],{"href":90332},[2071,126295,126296],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":126298},[126299,126300,126301,126302,126303,126304,126305,126306,126307,126316,126323],{"id":15288,"depth":133,"text":15289},{"id":124876,"depth":133,"text":124877},{"id":125040,"depth":133,"text":125041},{"id":125115,"depth":133,"text":125116},{"id":125215,"depth":133,"text":125216},{"id":125320,"depth":133,"text":125321},{"id":125498,"depth":133,"text":125499},{"id":125615,"depth":133,"text":125616},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":126308},[126309,126310,126311,126312,126314,126315],{"id":90140,"depth":154,"text":90141},{"id":125788,"depth":154,"text":125789},{"id":125871,"depth":154,"text":125872},{"id":125935,"depth":154,"text":126313},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126041,"depth":154,"text":126042},{"id":60635,"depth":154,"text":60636},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":126317},[126318,126319,126320,126321,126322],{"id":126210,"depth":154,"text":126211},{"id":126222,"depth":154,"text":126223},{"id":126229,"depth":154,"text":126230},{"id":126239,"depth":154,"text":126240},{"id":126253,"depth":154,"text":126254},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124738,"description":126324},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126331,"title":126332,"body":126333,"description":128247,"extension":2111,"meta":128248,"navigation":157,"path":128249,"seo":128250,"stem":128251,"__hash__":128252},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126334,"toc":128208},[126335,126341,126346,126354,126356,126423,126425,126437,126446,126451,126455,126472,126474,126539,126541,126553,126558,126560,126588,126609,126612,126651,126653,126661,126665,126669,126673,126681,126684,126725,126727,126735,126738,126795,126797,126805,126809,126814,126858,126860,126868,126877,126881,126886,126934,126936,126944,126950,126952,126956,126968,126973,127052,127054,127074,127078,127082,127122,127124,127132,127136,127179,127181,127189,127193,127233,127235,127243,127247,127303,127305,127313,127319,127321,127325,127335,127402,127404,127417,127424,127467,127469,127477,127481,127484,127540,127542,127550,127553,127555,127632,127634,127642,127651,127653,127657,127661,127663,127685,127688,127735,127739,127778,127780,127788,127790,127832,127839,127844,127906,127908,127920,127926,127931,127980,127982,128001,128007,128009,128028,128030,128121,128123,128129,128136,128142,128148,128153,128162,128169,128177,128179,128205],[10,126336,123282,126338,18],{"id":126337},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126339,126340],{},"endswith()",[20,126342,123287,126343,126345],{},[15,126344,126340],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126347,126348,126349,3024,126351,126353],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126350,3753],{},[15,126352,3827],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[51,126355,54],{"id":53},[56,126357,126359],{"className":58,"code":126358,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126360,126361,126375,126400],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126362,126363,126366,126368,126370,126373],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126364,126365],{"class":71},"filename ",[65,126367,76],{"class":75},[65,126369,103],{"class":83},[65,126371,126372],{"class":87},"report.csv",[65,126374,1650],{"class":83},[65,126376,126377,126379,126381,126384,126386,126389,126391,126393,126396,126398],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,126378,165],{"class":164},[65,126380,168],{"class":79},[65,126382,126383],{"class":147},"filename",[65,126385,144],{"class":79},[65,126387,126388],{"class":147},"endswith",[65,126390,168],{"class":79},[65,126392,84],{"class":83},[65,126394,126395],{"class":87},".csv",[65,126397,84],{"class":83},[65,126399,1870],{"class":79},[65,126401,126402,126404,126406,126408,126410,126412,126414,126416,126419,126421],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,126403,165],{"class":164},[65,126405,168],{"class":79},[65,126407,126383],{"class":147},[65,126409,144],{"class":79},[65,126411,126388],{"class":147},[65,126413,168],{"class":79},[65,126415,84],{"class":83},[65,126417,126418],{"class":87},".txt",[65,126420,84],{"class":83},[65,126422,1870],{"class":79},[20,126424,191],{},[56,126426,126427],{"className":58,"code":44094,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,126428,126429,126433],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126430,126431],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126432,4134],{"class":4005},[65,126434,126435],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,126436,4195],{"class":4005},[20,126438,1309,126439,5521,126441,3024,126443,126445],{},[15,126440,126340],{},[15,126442,3753],{},[15,126444,3827],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[51,126447,252,126449,255],{"id":126448},"what-endswith-does",[15,126450,126340],{},[20,126452,126453,93],{},[15,126454,126340],{},[30,126456,126457,126460,126466,126469],{},[33,126458,126459],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[33,126461,11566,126462,3024,126464],{},[15,126463,3753],{},[15,126465,3827],{},[33,126467,126468],{},"Does not change the original string",[33,126470,126471],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126473,350],{},[56,126475,126477],{"className":58,"code":126476,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126478,126479,126491,126495,126517],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126480,126481,126483,126485,126487,126489],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126482,34600],{"class":71},[65,126484,76],{"class":75},[65,126486,103],{"class":83},[65,126488,60332],{"class":87},[65,126490,1650],{"class":83},[65,126492,126493],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,126494,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,126496,126497,126499,126501,126503,126505,126507,126509,126511,126513,126515],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,126498,165],{"class":164},[65,126500,168],{"class":79},[65,126502,34621],{"class":147},[65,126504,144],{"class":79},[65,126506,126388],{"class":147},[65,126508,168],{"class":79},[65,126510,84],{"class":83},[65,126512,60517],{"class":87},[65,126514,84],{"class":83},[65,126516,1870],{"class":79},[65,126518,126519,126521,126523,126525,126527,126529,126531,126533,126535,126537],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,126520,165],{"class":164},[65,126522,168],{"class":79},[65,126524,34621],{"class":147},[65,126526,144],{"class":79},[65,126528,126388],{"class":147},[65,126530,168],{"class":79},[65,126532,84],{"class":83},[65,126534,3998],{"class":87},[65,126536,84],{"class":83},[65,126538,1870],{"class":79},[20,126540,191],{},[56,126542,126543],{"className":58,"code":44094,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,126544,126545,126549],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126546,126547],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126548,4134],{"class":4005},[65,126550,126551],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,126552,4195],{"class":4005},[20,126554,126555,126556,144],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[88,126557,125037],{"href":50898},[51,126559,283],{"id":282},[56,126561,126563],{"className":58,"code":126562,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126564,126565],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126566,126567,126569,126571,126573,126575,126578,126580,126582,126584,126586],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126568,61100],{"class":71},[65,126570,144],{"class":79},[65,126572,126388],{"class":147},[65,126574,168],{"class":79},[65,126576,126577],{"class":147},"suffix",[65,126579,100],{"class":79},[65,126581,35966],{"class":147},[65,126583,100],{"class":79},[65,126585,64967],{"class":147},[65,126587,174],{"class":79},[30,126589,126590,126595,126602],{},[33,126591,126592,126594],{},[15,126593,126577],{}," is required",[33,126596,126597,1048,126599,126601],{},[15,126598,35987],{},[15,126600,52584],{}," are optional",[33,126603,126604,1048,126606,126608],{},[15,126605,35987],{},[15,126607,52584],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126610,126611],{},"Basic example:",[56,126613,126615],{"className":58,"code":126614,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126616,126617,126629],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126618,126619,126621,126623,126625,126627],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126620,126365],{"class":71},[65,126622,76],{"class":75},[65,126624,103],{"class":83},[65,126626,86822],{"class":87},[65,126628,1650],{"class":83},[65,126630,126631,126633,126635,126637,126639,126641,126643,126645,126647,126649],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,126632,165],{"class":164},[65,126634,168],{"class":79},[65,126636,126383],{"class":147},[65,126638,144],{"class":79},[65,126640,126388],{"class":147},[65,126642,168],{"class":79},[65,126644,84],{"class":83},[65,126646,126418],{"class":87},[65,126648,84],{"class":83},[65,126650,1870],{"class":79},[20,126652,191],{},[56,126654,126655],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,126656,126657],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126658,126659],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126660,4134],{"class":4005},[51,126662,126664],{"id":126663},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1059,126666,126667],{"id":126577},[15,126668,126577],{},[20,126670,126671,30660],{},[15,126672,126577],{},[30,126674,126675,126678],{},[33,126676,126677],{},"A single string",[33,126679,126680],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126682,126683],{},"Single suffix:",[56,126685,126687],{"className":58,"code":126686,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126688,126689,126702],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126690,126691,126693,126695,126697,126700],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126692,8027],{"class":71},[65,126694,76],{"class":75},[65,126696,103],{"class":83},[65,126698,126699],{"class":87},"image.png",[65,126701,1650],{"class":83},[65,126703,126704,126706,126708,126710,126712,126714,126716,126718,126721,126723],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,126705,165],{"class":164},[65,126707,168],{"class":79},[65,126709,369],{"class":147},[65,126711,144],{"class":79},[65,126713,126388],{"class":147},[65,126715,168],{"class":79},[65,126717,84],{"class":83},[65,126719,126720],{"class":87},".png",[65,126722,84],{"class":83},[65,126724,1870],{"class":79},[20,126726,191],{},[56,126728,126729],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,126730,126731],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126732,126733],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126734,4134],{"class":4005},[20,126736,126737],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[56,126739,126741],{"className":58,"code":126740,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126742,126743,126755],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126744,126745,126747,126749,126751,126753],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126746,8027],{"class":71},[65,126748,76],{"class":75},[65,126750,103],{"class":83},[65,126752,126699],{"class":87},[65,126754,1650],{"class":83},[65,126756,126757,126759,126761,126763,126765,126767,126769,126771,126774,126776,126778,126780,126782,126784,126786,126788,126791,126793],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,126758,165],{"class":164},[65,126760,168],{"class":79},[65,126762,369],{"class":147},[65,126764,144],{"class":79},[65,126766,126388],{"class":147},[65,126768,5662],{"class":79},[65,126770,84],{"class":83},[65,126772,126773],{"class":87},".jpg",[65,126775,84],{"class":83},[65,126777,100],{"class":79},[65,126779,103],{"class":83},[65,126781,126720],{"class":87},[65,126783,84],{"class":83},[65,126785,100],{"class":79},[65,126787,103],{"class":83},[65,126789,126790],{"class":87},".gif",[65,126792,84],{"class":83},[65,126794,3058],{"class":79},[20,126796,191],{},[56,126798,126799],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,126800,126801],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126802,126803],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126804,4134],{"class":4005},[1059,126806,126807],{"id":35987},[15,126808,35987],{},[20,126810,126811,126813],{},[15,126812,35987],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[56,126815,126817],{"className":58,"code":126816,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126818,126819,126832],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126820,126821,126823,126825,126827,126830],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126822,34600],{"class":71},[65,126824,76],{"class":75},[65,126826,103],{"class":83},[65,126828,126829],{"class":87},"my_report.csv",[65,126831,1650],{"class":83},[65,126833,126834,126836,126838,126840,126842,126844,126846,126848,126850,126852,126854,126856],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,126835,165],{"class":164},[65,126837,168],{"class":79},[65,126839,34621],{"class":147},[65,126841,144],{"class":79},[65,126843,126388],{"class":147},[65,126845,168],{"class":79},[65,126847,84],{"class":83},[65,126849,126395],{"class":87},[65,126851,84],{"class":83},[65,126853,100],{"class":79},[65,126855,127],{"class":96},[65,126857,1870],{"class":79},[20,126859,191],{},[56,126861,126862],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,126863,126864],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126865,126866],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126867,4134],{"class":4005},[20,126869,126870,126871,126873,126874,144],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126872,2210],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126875,126876],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1059,126878,126879],{"id":52584},[15,126880,52584],{},[20,126882,126883,126885],{},[15,126884,52584],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[56,126887,126889],{"className":58,"code":126888,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126890,126891,126904],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126892,126893,126895,126897,126899,126902],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126894,34600],{"class":71},[65,126896,76],{"class":75},[65,126898,103],{"class":83},[65,126900,126901],{"class":87},"report.csv backup",[65,126903,1650],{"class":83},[65,126905,126906,126908,126910,126912,126914,126916,126918,126920,126922,126924,126926,126928,126930,126932],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,126907,165],{"class":164},[65,126909,168],{"class":79},[65,126911,34621],{"class":147},[65,126913,144],{"class":79},[65,126915,126388],{"class":147},[65,126917,168],{"class":79},[65,126919,84],{"class":83},[65,126921,126395],{"class":87},[65,126923,84],{"class":83},[65,126925,100],{"class":79},[65,126927,3986],{"class":96},[65,126929,100],{"class":79},[65,126931,6157],{"class":96},[65,126933,1870],{"class":79},[20,126935,191],{},[56,126937,126938],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,126939,126940],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126941,126942],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126943,4134],{"class":4005},[20,126945,126946,126947,126949],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126948,126876],{}," and ignores the rest.",[51,126951,17533],{"id":17532},[20,126953,126954,25616],{},[15,126955,126340],{},[30,126957,126958,126963],{},[33,126959,126960,126962],{},[15,126961,3753],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[33,126964,126965,126967],{},[15,126966,3827],{}," if it does not",[20,126969,126970,126971,7322],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126972,1406],{},[56,126974,126976],{"className":58,"code":126975,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126977,126978,126991,126995,127016,127031,127037],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,126979,126980,126982,126984,126986,126989],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,126981,126365],{"class":71},[65,126983,76],{"class":75},[65,126985,103],{"class":83},[65,126987,126988],{"class":87},"data.csv",[65,126990,1650],{"class":83},[65,126992,126993],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,126994,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,126996,126997,126999,127002,127004,127006,127008,127010,127012,127014],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,126998,1406],{"class":1405},[65,127000,127001],{"class":71}," filename",[65,127003,144],{"class":79},[65,127005,126388],{"class":147},[65,127007,168],{"class":79},[65,127009,84],{"class":83},[65,127011,126395],{"class":87},[65,127013,84],{"class":83},[65,127015,8493],{"class":79},[65,127017,127018,127020,127022,127024,127027,127029],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,127019,1431],{"class":164},[65,127021,168],{"class":79},[65,127023,84],{"class":83},[65,127025,127026],{"class":87},"This is a CSV file.",[65,127028,84],{"class":83},[65,127030,174],{"class":79},[65,127032,127033,127035],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,127034,1442],{"class":1405},[65,127036,1411],{"class":79},[65,127038,127039,127041,127043,127045,127048,127050],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,127040,1431],{"class":164},[65,127042,168],{"class":79},[65,127044,84],{"class":83},[65,127046,127047],{"class":87},"This is not a CSV file.",[65,127049,84],{"class":83},[65,127051,174],{"class":79},[20,127053,191],{},[56,127055,127057],{"className":58,"code":127056,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127058,127059],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127060,127061,127063,127065,127067,127070,127072],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127062,49801],{"class":71},[65,127064,12329],{"class":75},[65,127066,44465],{"class":71},[65,127068,127069],{"class":34365},"CSV",[65,127071,86563],{"class":86562},[65,127073,122314],{"class":79},[51,127075,127077],{"id":127076},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1059,127079,127081],{"id":127080},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[56,127083,127085],{"className":58,"code":127084,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127086,127087,127100],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127088,127089,127091,127093,127095,127098],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127090,126365],{"class":71},[65,127092,76],{"class":75},[65,127094,103],{"class":83},[65,127096,127097],{"class":87},"sales.csv",[65,127099,1650],{"class":83},[65,127101,127102,127104,127106,127108,127110,127112,127114,127116,127118,127120],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,127103,165],{"class":164},[65,127105,168],{"class":79},[65,127107,126383],{"class":147},[65,127109,144],{"class":79},[65,127111,126388],{"class":147},[65,127113,168],{"class":79},[65,127115,84],{"class":83},[65,127117,126395],{"class":87},[65,127119,84],{"class":83},[65,127121,1870],{"class":79},[20,127123,191],{},[56,127125,127126],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,127127,127128],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127129,127130],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127131,4134],{"class":4005},[1059,127133,127135],{"id":127134},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[56,127137,127139],{"className":58,"code":127138,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127140,127141,127155],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127142,127143,127146,127148,127150,127153],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127144,127145],{"class":71},"url ",[65,127147,76],{"class":75},[65,127149,103],{"class":83},[65,127151,127152],{"class":87},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[65,127154,1650],{"class":83},[65,127156,127157,127159,127161,127164,127166,127168,127170,127172,127175,127177],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,127158,165],{"class":164},[65,127160,168],{"class":79},[65,127162,127163],{"class":147},"url",[65,127165,144],{"class":79},[65,127167,126388],{"class":147},[65,127169,168],{"class":79},[65,127171,84],{"class":83},[65,127173,127174],{"class":87},"\u002F",[65,127176,84],{"class":83},[65,127178,1870],{"class":79},[20,127180,191],{},[56,127182,127183],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,127184,127185],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127186,127187],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127188,4134],{"class":4005},[1059,127190,127192],{"id":127191},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[56,127194,127196],{"className":58,"code":127195,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127197,127198,127211],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127199,127200,127202,127204,127206,127209],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127201,89934],{"class":71},[65,127203,76],{"class":75},[65,127205,103],{"class":83},[65,127207,127208],{"class":87},"Hello!",[65,127210,1650],{"class":83},[65,127212,127213,127215,127217,127219,127221,127223,127225,127227,127229,127231],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,127214,165],{"class":164},[65,127216,168],{"class":79},[65,127218,89951],{"class":147},[65,127220,144],{"class":79},[65,127222,126388],{"class":147},[65,127224,168],{"class":79},[65,127226,84],{"class":83},[65,127228,89775],{"class":87},[65,127230,84],{"class":83},[65,127232,1870],{"class":79},[20,127234,191],{},[56,127236,127237],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,127238,127239],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127240,127241],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127242,4134],{"class":4005},[1059,127244,127246],{"id":127245},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[56,127248,127250],{"className":58,"code":127249,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127251,127252,127265],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127253,127254,127256,127258,127260,127263],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127255,126365],{"class":71},[65,127257,76],{"class":75},[65,127259,103],{"class":83},[65,127261,127262],{"class":87},"photo.jpg",[65,127264,1650],{"class":83},[65,127266,127267,127269,127271,127273,127275,127277,127279,127281,127283,127285,127287,127289,127291,127293,127295,127297,127299,127301],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,127268,165],{"class":164},[65,127270,168],{"class":79},[65,127272,126383],{"class":147},[65,127274,144],{"class":79},[65,127276,126388],{"class":147},[65,127278,5662],{"class":79},[65,127280,84],{"class":83},[65,127282,126773],{"class":87},[65,127284,84],{"class":83},[65,127286,100],{"class":79},[65,127288,103],{"class":83},[65,127290,126720],{"class":87},[65,127292,84],{"class":83},[65,127294,100],{"class":79},[65,127296,103],{"class":83},[65,127298,126790],{"class":87},[65,127300,84],{"class":83},[65,127302,3058],{"class":79},[20,127304,191],{},[56,127306,127307],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,127308,127309],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127310,127311],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127312,4134],{"class":4005},[20,127314,127315,127316,144],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[88,127317,127318],{"href":123537},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[51,127320,123929],{"id":123928},[20,127322,127323,123740],{},[15,127324,126340],{},[20,127326,127327,127328,1048,127331,127334],{},"That means ",[15,127329,127330],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127332,127333],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[56,127336,127338],{"className":58,"code":127337,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127339,127340,127353,127357,127379],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127341,127342,127344,127346,127348,127351],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127343,126365],{"class":71},[65,127345,76],{"class":75},[65,127347,103],{"class":83},[65,127349,127350],{"class":87},"REPORT.CSV",[65,127352,1650],{"class":83},[65,127354,127355],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,127356,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,127358,127359,127361,127363,127365,127367,127369,127371,127373,127375,127377],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,127360,165],{"class":164},[65,127362,168],{"class":79},[65,127364,126383],{"class":147},[65,127366,144],{"class":79},[65,127368,126388],{"class":147},[65,127370,168],{"class":79},[65,127372,84],{"class":83},[65,127374,126395],{"class":87},[65,127376,84],{"class":83},[65,127378,1870],{"class":79},[65,127380,127381,127383,127385,127387,127389,127391,127393,127395,127398,127400],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,127382,165],{"class":164},[65,127384,168],{"class":79},[65,127386,126383],{"class":147},[65,127388,144],{"class":79},[65,127390,126388],{"class":147},[65,127392,168],{"class":79},[65,127394,84],{"class":83},[65,127396,127397],{"class":87},".CSV",[65,127399,84],{"class":83},[65,127401,1870],{"class":79},[20,127403,191],{},[56,127405,127407],{"className":58,"code":127406,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127408,127409,127413],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127410,127411],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127412,4195],{"class":4005},[65,127414,127415],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,127416,4134],{"class":4005},[20,127418,127419,127420,144],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[88,127421,127422],{"href":124009},[15,127423,124012],{},[56,127425,127427],{"className":58,"code":127426,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127428,127429,127441],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127430,127431,127433,127435,127437,127439],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127432,126365],{"class":71},[65,127434,76],{"class":75},[65,127436,103],{"class":83},[65,127438,127350],{"class":87},[65,127440,1650],{"class":83},[65,127442,127443,127445,127447,127449,127451,127453,127455,127457,127459,127461,127463,127465],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,127444,165],{"class":164},[65,127446,168],{"class":79},[65,127448,126383],{"class":147},[65,127450,144],{"class":79},[65,127452,8791],{"class":147},[65,127454,8788],{"class":79},[65,127456,126388],{"class":147},[65,127458,168],{"class":79},[65,127460,84],{"class":83},[65,127462,126395],{"class":87},[65,127464,84],{"class":83},[65,127466,1870],{"class":79},[20,127468,191],{},[56,127470,127471],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,127472,127473],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127474,127475],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127476,4134],{"class":4005},[51,127478,127480],{"id":127479},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127482,127483],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[56,127485,127487],{"className":58,"code":127486,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127488,127489,127502],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127490,127491,127493,127495,127497,127500],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127492,126365],{"class":71},[65,127494,76],{"class":75},[65,127496,103],{"class":83},[65,127498,127499],{"class":87},"picture.gif",[65,127501,1650],{"class":83},[65,127503,127504,127506,127508,127510,127512,127514,127516,127518,127520,127522,127524,127526,127528,127530,127532,127534,127536,127538],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,127505,165],{"class":164},[65,127507,168],{"class":79},[65,127509,126383],{"class":147},[65,127511,144],{"class":79},[65,127513,126388],{"class":147},[65,127515,5662],{"class":79},[65,127517,84],{"class":83},[65,127519,126773],{"class":87},[65,127521,84],{"class":83},[65,127523,100],{"class":79},[65,127525,103],{"class":83},[65,127527,126720],{"class":87},[65,127529,84],{"class":83},[65,127531,100],{"class":79},[65,127533,103],{"class":83},[65,127535,126790],{"class":87},[65,127537,84],{"class":83},[65,127539,3058],{"class":79},[20,127541,191],{},[56,127543,127544],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,127545,127546],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127547,127548],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127549,4134],{"class":4005},[20,127551,127552],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127554,52003],{},[56,127556,127558],{"className":58,"code":127557,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127559,127560,127573,127608,127612],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127561,127562,127565,127567,127569,127571],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127563,127564],{"class":71},"document ",[65,127566,76],{"class":75},[65,127568,103],{"class":83},[65,127570,86822],{"class":87},[65,127572,1650],{"class":83},[65,127574,127575,127578,127580,127582,127584,127586,127588,127590,127592,127595,127597,127599,127601,127604,127606],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,127576,127577],{"class":71},"allowed ",[65,127579,76],{"class":75},[65,127581,648],{"class":79},[65,127583,84],{"class":83},[65,127585,126418],{"class":87},[65,127587,84],{"class":83},[65,127589,100],{"class":79},[65,127591,103],{"class":83},[65,127593,127594],{"class":87},".md",[65,127596,84],{"class":83},[65,127598,100],{"class":79},[65,127600,103],{"class":83},[65,127602,127603],{"class":87},".docx",[65,127605,84],{"class":83},[65,127607,174],{"class":79},[65,127609,127610],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,127611,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,127613,127614,127616,127618,127621,127623,127625,127627,127630],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,127615,165],{"class":164},[65,127617,168],{"class":79},[65,127619,127620],{"class":147},"document",[65,127622,144],{"class":79},[65,127624,126388],{"class":147},[65,127626,168],{"class":79},[65,127628,127629],{"class":147},"allowed",[65,127631,1870],{"class":79},[20,127633,191],{},[56,127635,127636],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,127637,127638],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127639,127640],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127641,4134],{"class":4005},[20,127643,127644,127645,144],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[88,127646,126282,127648,10885],{"href":127647},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127649,127650],{},"startswith()",[51,127652,1766],{"id":1765},[20,127654,8598,127655,144],{},[15,127656,126340],{},[1059,127658,127660],{"id":127659},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127662,4682],{},[56,127664,127666],{"className":58,"code":127665,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127667,127668,127680],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127669,127670,127672,127674,127676,127678],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127671,126365],{"class":71},[65,127673,76],{"class":75},[65,127675,103],{"class":83},[65,127677,127262],{"class":87},[65,127679,1650],{"class":83},[65,127681,127682],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,127683,127684],{"class":3816},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127686,127687],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[56,127689,127691],{"className":58,"code":127690,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127692,127693,127705],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127694,127695,127697,127699,127701,127703],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127696,126365],{"class":71},[65,127698,76],{"class":75},[65,127700,103],{"class":83},[65,127702,127262],{"class":87},[65,127704,1650],{"class":83},[65,127706,127707,127709,127711,127713,127715,127717,127719,127721,127723,127725,127727,127729,127731,127733],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,127708,165],{"class":164},[65,127710,168],{"class":79},[65,127712,126383],{"class":147},[65,127714,144],{"class":79},[65,127716,126388],{"class":147},[65,127718,5662],{"class":79},[65,127720,84],{"class":83},[65,127722,126773],{"class":87},[65,127724,84],{"class":83},[65,127726,100],{"class":79},[65,127728,103],{"class":83},[65,127730,126720],{"class":87},[65,127732,84],{"class":83},[65,127734,3058],{"class":79},[1059,127736,127738],{"id":127737},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[56,127740,127742],{"className":58,"code":127741,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127743,127744,127756],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127745,127746,127748,127750,127752,127754],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127747,126365],{"class":71},[65,127749,76],{"class":75},[65,127751,103],{"class":83},[65,127753,127350],{"class":87},[65,127755,1650],{"class":83},[65,127757,127758,127760,127762,127764,127766,127768,127770,127772,127774,127776],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,127759,165],{"class":164},[65,127761,168],{"class":79},[65,127763,126383],{"class":147},[65,127765,144],{"class":79},[65,127767,126388],{"class":147},[65,127769,168],{"class":79},[65,127771,84],{"class":83},[65,127773,126395],{"class":87},[65,127775,84],{"class":83},[65,127777,1870],{"class":79},[20,127779,191],{},[56,127781,127782],{"className":58,"code":4195,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,127783,127784],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127785,127786],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127787,4195],{"class":4005},[20,127789,39179],{},[56,127791,127792],{"className":58,"code":127426,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,127793,127794,127806],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127795,127796,127798,127800,127802,127804],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127797,126365],{"class":71},[65,127799,76],{"class":75},[65,127801,103],{"class":83},[65,127803,127350],{"class":87},[65,127805,1650],{"class":83},[65,127807,127808,127810,127812,127814,127816,127818,127820,127822,127824,127826,127828,127830],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,127809,165],{"class":164},[65,127811,168],{"class":79},[65,127813,126383],{"class":147},[65,127815,144],{"class":79},[65,127817,8791],{"class":147},[65,127819,8788],{"class":79},[65,127821,126388],{"class":147},[65,127823,168],{"class":79},[65,127825,84],{"class":83},[65,127827,126395],{"class":87},[65,127829,84],{"class":83},[65,127831,1870],{"class":79},[1059,127833,37120,127835,8855,127837],{"id":127834},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127836,126340],{},[15,127838,4036],{},[20,127840,127841,127843],{},[15,127842,126340],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[56,127845,127847],{"className":58,"code":127846,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127848,127849,127862,127866,127888],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127850,127851,127853,127855,127857,127860],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127852,34600],{"class":71},[65,127854,76],{"class":75},[65,127856,103],{"class":83},[65,127858,127859],{"class":87},"my_report.csv.backup",[65,127861,1650],{"class":83},[65,127863,127864],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,127865,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,127867,127868,127870,127872,127874,127876,127878,127880,127882,127884,127886],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,127869,165],{"class":164},[65,127871,168],{"class":79},[65,127873,34621],{"class":147},[65,127875,144],{"class":79},[65,127877,126388],{"class":147},[65,127879,168],{"class":79},[65,127881,84],{"class":83},[65,127883,126395],{"class":87},[65,127885,84],{"class":83},[65,127887,1870],{"class":79},[65,127889,127890,127892,127894,127896,127898,127900,127902,127904],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,127891,165],{"class":164},[65,127893,168],{"class":79},[65,127895,84],{"class":83},[65,127897,126395],{"class":87},[65,127899,84],{"class":83},[65,127901,21289],{"class":1405},[65,127903,42761],{"class":147},[65,127905,174],{"class":79},[20,127907,191],{},[56,127909,127910],{"className":58,"code":127406,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,127911,127912,127916],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127913,127914],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127915,4195],{"class":4005},[65,127917,127918],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,127919,4134],{"class":4005},[1059,127921,1792,127923,127925],{"id":127922},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127924,126340],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127927,127928,127930],{},[15,127929,126340],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[56,127932,127934],{"className":58,"code":127933,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127935,127936,127948,127970],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127937,127938,127940,127942,127944,127946],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127939,126365],{"class":71},[65,127941,76],{"class":75},[65,127943,103],{"class":83},[65,127945,126372],{"class":87},[65,127947,1650],{"class":83},[65,127949,127950,127952,127954,127956,127958,127960,127962,127964,127966,127968],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,127951,165],{"class":164},[65,127953,168],{"class":79},[65,127955,126383],{"class":147},[65,127957,144],{"class":79},[65,127959,126388],{"class":147},[65,127961,168],{"class":79},[65,127963,84],{"class":83},[65,127965,126395],{"class":87},[65,127967,84],{"class":83},[65,127969,1870],{"class":79},[65,127971,127972,127974,127976,127978],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,127973,165],{"class":164},[65,127975,168],{"class":79},[65,127977,126383],{"class":147},[65,127979,174],{"class":79},[20,127981,191],{},[56,127983,127985],{"className":58,"code":127984,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127986,127987,127991],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,127988,127989],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,127990,4134],{"class":4005},[65,127992,127993,127996,127998],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,127994,127995],{"class":71},"report",[65,127997,144],{"class":79},[65,127999,128000],{"class":24857},"csv\n",[20,128002,128003,128004,144],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[88,128005,128006],{"href":124450},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128008,65990],{},[30,128010,128011,128014,128017,128020],{},[33,128012,128013],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[33,128015,128016],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[33,128018,128019],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[33,128021,8569,128022,44550,128024,3024,128026,111479],{},[15,128023,126340],{},[15,128025,124453],{},[15,128027,41572],{},[20,128029,1838],{},[56,128031,128033],{"className":58,"code":128032,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128034,128035,128045,128059,128081,128107],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,128036,128037,128039,128041,128043],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,128038,165],{"class":164},[65,128040,168],{"class":79},[65,128042,34621],{"class":147},[65,128044,174],{"class":79},[65,128046,128047,128049,128051,128053,128055,128057],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,128048,165],{"class":164},[65,128050,168],{"class":79},[65,128052,41698],{"class":164},[65,128054,168],{"class":79},[65,128056,34621],{"class":147},[65,128058,1870],{"class":79},[65,128060,128061,128063,128065,128067,128069,128071,128073,128075,128077,128079],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,128062,165],{"class":164},[65,128064,168],{"class":79},[65,128066,34621],{"class":147},[65,128068,144],{"class":79},[65,128070,126388],{"class":147},[65,128072,168],{"class":79},[65,128074,203],{"class":83},[65,128076,126395],{"class":87},[65,128078,203],{"class":83},[65,128080,1870],{"class":79},[65,128082,128083,128085,128087,128089,128091,128093,128095,128097,128099,128101,128103,128105],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,128084,165],{"class":164},[65,128086,168],{"class":79},[65,128088,34621],{"class":147},[65,128090,144],{"class":79},[65,128092,8791],{"class":147},[65,128094,8788],{"class":79},[65,128096,126388],{"class":147},[65,128098,168],{"class":79},[65,128100,203],{"class":83},[65,128102,126395],{"class":87},[65,128104,203],{"class":83},[65,128106,1870],{"class":79},[65,128108,128109,128111,128113,128115,128117,128119],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,128110,165],{"class":164},[65,128112,168],{"class":79},[65,128114,3370],{"class":1368},[65,128116,168],{"class":79},[65,128118,34621],{"class":147},[65,128120,1870],{"class":79},[51,128122,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,128124,1966,128126,128128],{"id":128125},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128127,126340],{}," change the string?",[20,128130,128131,128132,3024,128134,144],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128133,3753],{},[15,128135,3827],{},[1059,128137,5320,128139,128141],{"id":128138},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128140,126340],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128143,128144,128145,144],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128146,128147],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1059,128149,15029,128151,124618],{"id":128150},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128152,126340],{},[20,128154,128155,128156,3024,128158,128161],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128157,124012],{},[15,128159,128160],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1059,128163,5330,128165,1048,128167,2637],{"id":128164},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128166,126340],{},[15,128168,124277],{},[20,128170,128171,128173,128174,128176],{},[15,128172,126340],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128175,124277],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[51,128178,2015],{"id":2014},[30,128180,128181,128187,128193,128197,128201],{},[33,128182,128183],{},[88,128184,126282,128185,10885],{"href":127647},[15,128186,127650],{},[33,128188,128189],{},[88,128190,126282,128191,10885],{"href":124009},[15,128192,124012],{},[33,128194,128195],{},[88,128196,124681],{"href":123537},[33,128198,128199],{},[88,128200,124688],{"href":124450},[33,128202,128203],{},[88,128204,125037],{"href":50898},[2071,128206,128207],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":128209},[128210,128211,128213,128214,128219,128220,128226,128227,128228,128236,128246],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":126448,"depth":133,"text":128212},"What endswith() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":126663,"depth":133,"text":126664,"children":128215},[128216,128217,128218],{"id":126577,"depth":154,"text":126577},{"id":35987,"depth":154,"text":35987},{"id":52584,"depth":154,"text":52584},{"id":17532,"depth":133,"text":17533},{"id":127076,"depth":133,"text":127077,"children":128221},[128222,128223,128224,128225],{"id":127080,"depth":154,"text":127081},{"id":127134,"depth":154,"text":127135},{"id":127191,"depth":154,"text":127192},{"id":127245,"depth":154,"text":127246},{"id":123928,"depth":133,"text":123929},{"id":127479,"depth":133,"text":127480},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":128229},[128230,128231,128232,128234],{"id":127659,"depth":154,"text":127660},{"id":127737,"depth":154,"text":127738},{"id":127834,"depth":154,"text":128233},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127922,"depth":154,"text":128235},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":128237},[128238,128240,128242,128244],{"id":128125,"depth":154,"text":128239},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128138,"depth":154,"text":128241},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128150,"depth":154,"text":128243},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128164,"depth":154,"text":128245},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126332,"description":128247},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128254,"title":128255,"body":128256,"description":129924,"extension":2111,"meta":129925,"navigation":157,"path":129926,"seo":129927,"stem":129928,"__hash__":129929},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128257,"toc":129897},[128258,128263,128268,128273,128278,128371,128381,128386,128391,128406,128408,128490,128498,128500,128502,128529,128531,128547,128554,128556,128664,128666,128671,128687,128689,128784,128792,128795,128801,128806,128811,128818,128957,128960,128973,128975,128979,128986,129056,129059,129108,129115,129122,129136,129141,129146,129192,129238,129254,129256,129261,129275,129278,129400,129405,129407,129412,129445,129448,129524,129526,129535,129549,129552,129636,129639,129750,129753,129781,129783,129790,129794,129800,129803,129809,129812,129819,129830,129836,129843,129845,129894],[10,128259,123282,128261,18],{"id":128260},"python-string-find-method",[15,128262,124277],{},[20,128264,123287,128265,128267],{},[15,128266,124277],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128269,128270,128271,144],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128272,65781],{},[20,128274,1309,128275,128277],{},[15,128276,124277],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[56,128279,128281],{"className":58,"code":128280,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128282,128283,128295,128318,128331,128335,128358],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,128284,128285,128287,128289,128291,128293],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,128286,34600],{"class":71},[65,128288,76],{"class":75},[65,128290,103],{"class":83},[65,128292,60332],{"class":87},[65,128294,1650],{"class":83},[65,128296,128297,128299,128301,128303,128305,128308,128310,128312,128314,128316],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,128298,64846],{"class":71},[65,128300,76],{"class":75},[65,128302,42761],{"class":71},[65,128304,144],{"class":79},[65,128306,128307],{"class":147},"find",[65,128309,168],{"class":79},[65,128311,84],{"class":83},[65,128313,60517],{"class":87},[65,128315,84],{"class":83},[65,128317,174],{"class":79},[65,128319,128320,128322,128324,128326,128328],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,128321,165],{"class":164},[65,128323,168],{"class":79},[65,128325,64873],{"class":147},[65,128327,3813],{"class":79},[65,128329,128330],{"class":3816},"   # 6\n",[65,128332,128333],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,128334,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,128336,128337,128340,128342,128344,128346,128348,128350,128352,128354,128356],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,128338,128339],{"class":71},"missing ",[65,128341,76],{"class":75},[65,128343,42761],{"class":71},[65,128345,144],{"class":79},[65,128347,128307],{"class":147},[65,128349,168],{"class":79},[65,128351,84],{"class":83},[65,128353,60],{"class":87},[65,128355,84],{"class":83},[65,128357,174],{"class":79},[65,128359,128360,128362,128364,128366,128368],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,128361,165],{"class":164},[65,128363,168],{"class":79},[65,128365,26879],{"class":147},[65,128367,3813],{"class":79},[65,128369,128370],{"class":3816},"    # -1\n",[43500,128372,128373],{},[20,128374,1309,128375,128377,128378,128380],{},[15,128376,124277],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128379,65781],{}," if the substring is not found.",[51,128382,252,128384,255],{"id":128383},"what-find-does",[15,128385,124277],{},[20,128387,128388,128390],{},[15,128389,124277],{}," is a string method that:",[30,128392,128393,128396,128399,128404],{},[33,128394,128395],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[33,128397,128398],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[33,128400,11566,128401,128403],{},[15,128402,65781],{}," if no match is found",[33,128405,126468],{},[20,128407,350],{},[56,128409,128411],{"className":58,"code":128410,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128412,128413,128425,128429,128453,128477],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,128414,128415,128417,128419,128421,128423],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,128416,34600],{"class":71},[65,128418,76],{"class":75},[65,128420,103],{"class":83},[65,128422,4243],{"class":87},[65,128424,1650],{"class":83},[65,128426,128427],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,128428,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,128430,128431,128433,128435,128437,128439,128441,128443,128445,128447,128449,128451],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,128432,165],{"class":164},[65,128434,168],{"class":79},[65,128436,34621],{"class":147},[65,128438,144],{"class":79},[65,128440,128307],{"class":147},[65,128442,168],{"class":79},[65,128444,84],{"class":83},[65,128446,123375],{"class":87},[65,128448,84],{"class":83},[65,128450,5513],{"class":79},[65,128452,57570],{"class":3816},[65,128454,128455,128457,128459,128461,128463,128465,128467,128469,128471,128473,128475],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,128456,165],{"class":164},[65,128458,168],{"class":79},[65,128460,34621],{"class":147},[65,128462,144],{"class":79},[65,128464,128307],{"class":147},[65,128466,168],{"class":79},[65,128468,84],{"class":83},[65,128470,931],{"class":87},[65,128472,84],{"class":83},[65,128474,5513],{"class":79},[65,128476,128370],{"class":3816},[65,128478,128479,128481,128483,128485,128487],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,128480,165],{"class":164},[65,128482,168],{"class":79},[65,128484,34621],{"class":147},[65,128486,3813],{"class":79},[65,128488,128489],{"class":3816},"              # banana\n",[20,128491,20886,128492,128495,128496,144],{},[15,128493,128494],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128497,2204],{},[51,128499,283],{"id":282},[20,128501,2307],{},[56,128503,128505],{"className":58,"code":128504,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128506,128507],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,128508,128509,128511,128513,128515,128517,128519,128521,128523,128525,128527],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,128510,61100],{"class":71},[65,128512,144],{"class":79},[65,128514,128307],{"class":147},[65,128516,168],{"class":79},[65,128518,1714],{"class":147},[65,128520,100],{"class":79},[65,128522,35966],{"class":147},[65,128524,100],{"class":79},[65,128526,64967],{"class":147},[65,128528,174],{"class":79},[1059,128530,17509],{"id":17508},[30,128532,128533,128537,128542],{},[33,128534,128535,123474],{},[15,128536,1714],{},[33,128538,128539,128541],{},[15,128540,35987],{},": optional starting position",[33,128543,128544,128546],{},[15,128545,52584],{},": optional ending position",[20,128548,128549,1048,128551,128553],{},[15,128550,35987],{},[15,128552,52584],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128555,126611],{},[56,128557,128559],{"className":58,"code":128558,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128560,128561,128573,128577,128602,128631],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,128562,128563,128565,128567,128569,128571],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,128564,34600],{"class":71},[65,128566,76],{"class":75},[65,128568,103],{"class":83},[65,128570,60332],{"class":87},[65,128572,1650],{"class":83},[65,128574,128575],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,128576,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,128578,128579,128581,128583,128585,128587,128589,128591,128593,128595,128597,128599],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,128580,165],{"class":164},[65,128582,168],{"class":79},[65,128584,34621],{"class":147},[65,128586,144],{"class":79},[65,128588,128307],{"class":147},[65,128590,168],{"class":79},[65,128592,84],{"class":83},[65,128594,60399],{"class":87},[65,128596,84],{"class":83},[65,128598,5513],{"class":79},[65,128600,128601],{"class":3816},"        # 4\n",[65,128603,128604,128606,128608,128610,128612,128614,128616,128618,128620,128622,128624,128626,128628],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,128605,165],{"class":164},[65,128607,168],{"class":79},[65,128609,34621],{"class":147},[65,128611,144],{"class":79},[65,128613,128307],{"class":147},[65,128615,168],{"class":79},[65,128617,84],{"class":83},[65,128619,60399],{"class":87},[65,128621,84],{"class":83},[65,128623,100],{"class":79},[65,128625,4762],{"class":96},[65,128627,5513],{"class":79},[65,128629,128630],{"class":3816},"     # 7\n",[65,128632,128633,128635,128637,128639,128641,128643,128645,128647,128649,128651,128653,128655,128657,128659,128661],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,128634,165],{"class":164},[65,128636,168],{"class":79},[65,128638,34621],{"class":147},[65,128640,144],{"class":79},[65,128642,128307],{"class":147},[65,128644,168],{"class":79},[65,128646,84],{"class":83},[65,128648,60399],{"class":87},[65,128650,84],{"class":83},[65,128652,100],{"class":79},[65,128654,4762],{"class":96},[65,128656,100],{"class":79},[65,128658,6146],{"class":96},[65,128660,5513],{"class":79},[65,128662,128663],{"class":3816},"  # -1\n",[51,128665,37937],{"id":37936},[20,128667,57469,128668,128670],{},[15,128669,124277],{}," is always an integer.",[30,128672,128673,128679,128682],{},[33,128674,128675,128676,128678],{},"A number ",[15,128677,2267],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[33,128680,128681],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[33,128683,128684,128686],{},[15,128685,65781],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128688,350],{},[56,128690,128692],{"className":58,"code":128691,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128693,128694,128706,128710,128735,128760],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,128695,128696,128698,128700,128702,128704],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,128697,34600],{"class":71},[65,128699,76],{"class":75},[65,128701,103],{"class":83},[65,128703,60],{"class":87},[65,128705,1650],{"class":83},[65,128707,128708],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,128709,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,128711,128712,128714,128716,128718,128720,128722,128724,128726,128729,128731,128733],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,128713,165],{"class":164},[65,128715,168],{"class":79},[65,128717,34621],{"class":147},[65,128719,144],{"class":79},[65,128721,128307],{"class":147},[65,128723,168],{"class":79},[65,128725,84],{"class":83},[65,128727,128728],{"class":87},"py",[65,128730,84],{"class":83},[65,128732,5513],{"class":79},[65,128734,20883],{"class":3816},[65,128736,128737,128739,128741,128743,128745,128747,128749,128751,128754,128756,128758],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,128738,165],{"class":164},[65,128740,168],{"class":79},[65,128742,34621],{"class":147},[65,128744,144],{"class":79},[65,128746,128307],{"class":147},[65,128748,168],{"class":79},[65,128750,84],{"class":83},[65,128752,128753],{"class":87},"th",[65,128755,84],{"class":83},[65,128757,5513],{"class":79},[65,128759,57570],{"class":3816},[65,128761,128762,128764,128766,128768,128770,128772,128774,128776,128778,128780,128782],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,128763,165],{"class":164},[65,128765,168],{"class":79},[65,128767,34621],{"class":147},[65,128769,144],{"class":79},[65,128771,128307],{"class":147},[65,128773,168],{"class":79},[65,128775,84],{"class":83},[65,128777,957],{"class":87},[65,128779,84],{"class":83},[65,128781,5513],{"class":79},[65,128783,128370],{"class":3816},[20,128785,89837,128786,8606,128788,3024,128790,144],{},[15,128787,124277],{},[15,128789,3753],{},[15,128791,3827],{},[20,128793,128794],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[51,128796,8569,128797,1048,128799],{"id":65333},[15,128798,35987],{},[15,128800,52584],{},[20,128802,1309,128803,128805],{},[15,128804,35987],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128807,1309,128808,128810],{},[15,128809,52584],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128812,22,128813,75389,128815,128817],{},[15,128814,52584],{},[46,128816,64996],{}," in the search.",[56,128819,128821],{"className":58,"code":128820,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128822,128823,128836,128840,128864,128893,128925],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,128824,128825,128827,128829,128831,128834],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,128826,34600],{"class":71},[65,128828,76],{"class":75},[65,128830,103],{"class":83},[65,128832,128833],{"class":87},"one two three two",[65,128835,1650],{"class":83},[65,128837,128838],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,128839,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,128841,128842,128844,128846,128848,128850,128852,128854,128856,128858,128860,128862],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,128843,165],{"class":164},[65,128845,168],{"class":79},[65,128847,34621],{"class":147},[65,128849,144],{"class":79},[65,128851,128307],{"class":147},[65,128853,168],{"class":79},[65,128855,84],{"class":83},[65,128857,79198],{"class":87},[65,128859,84],{"class":83},[65,128861,5513],{"class":79},[65,128863,128601],{"class":3816},[65,128865,128866,128868,128870,128872,128874,128876,128878,128880,128882,128884,128886,128888,128890],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,128867,165],{"class":164},[65,128869,168],{"class":79},[65,128871,34621],{"class":147},[65,128873,144],{"class":79},[65,128875,128307],{"class":147},[65,128877,168],{"class":79},[65,128879,84],{"class":83},[65,128881,79198],{"class":87},[65,128883,84],{"class":83},[65,128885,100],{"class":79},[65,128887,4762],{"class":96},[65,128889,5513],{"class":79},[65,128891,128892],{"class":3816},"     # 14\n",[65,128894,128895,128897,128899,128901,128903,128905,128907,128909,128911,128913,128915,128917,128919,128921,128923],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,128896,165],{"class":164},[65,128898,168],{"class":79},[65,128900,34621],{"class":147},[65,128902,144],{"class":79},[65,128904,128307],{"class":147},[65,128906,168],{"class":79},[65,128908,84],{"class":83},[65,128910,79198],{"class":87},[65,128912,84],{"class":83},[65,128914,100],{"class":79},[65,128916,3986],{"class":96},[65,128918,100],{"class":79},[65,128920,6146],{"class":96},[65,128922,5513],{"class":79},[65,128924,50858],{"class":3816},[65,128926,128927,128929,128931,128933,128935,128937,128939,128941,128943,128945,128947,128949,128951,128953,128955],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,128928,165],{"class":164},[65,128930,168],{"class":79},[65,128932,34621],{"class":147},[65,128934,144],{"class":79},[65,128936,128307],{"class":147},[65,128938,168],{"class":79},[65,128940,84],{"class":83},[65,128942,79198],{"class":87},[65,128944,84],{"class":83},[65,128946,100],{"class":79},[65,128948,3986],{"class":96},[65,128950,100],{"class":79},[65,128952,2602],{"class":96},[65,128954,5513],{"class":79},[65,128956,128663],{"class":3816},[20,128958,128959],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128961,128962,128963,54993,128967,144],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[88,128964,128966],{"href":128965},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[88,128968,128970,128972],{"href":128969},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128971,60457],{}," string method",[51,128974,123929],{"id":123928},[20,128976,128977,123740],{},[15,128978,124277],{},[20,128980,127327,128981,1048,128983,128985],{},[15,128982,90345],{},[15,128984,64461],{}," are treated as different text.",[56,128987,128989],{"className":58,"code":128988,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128990,128991,129004,129008,129032],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,128992,128993,128995,128997,128999,129002],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,128994,34600],{"class":71},[65,128996,76],{"class":75},[65,128998,103],{"class":83},[65,129000,129001],{"class":87},"Hello World",[65,129003,1650],{"class":83},[65,129005,129006],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,129007,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,129009,129010,129012,129014,129016,129018,129020,129022,129024,129026,129028,129030],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,129011,165],{"class":164},[65,129013,168],{"class":79},[65,129015,34621],{"class":147},[65,129017,144],{"class":79},[65,129019,128307],{"class":147},[65,129021,168],{"class":79},[65,129023,84],{"class":83},[65,129025,34780],{"class":87},[65,129027,84],{"class":83},[65,129029,5513],{"class":79},[65,129031,51170],{"class":3816},[65,129033,129034,129036,129038,129040,129042,129044,129046,129048,129050,129052,129054],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,129035,165],{"class":164},[65,129037,168],{"class":79},[65,129039,34621],{"class":147},[65,129041,144],{"class":79},[65,129043,128307],{"class":147},[65,129045,168],{"class":79},[65,129047,84],{"class":83},[65,129049,3998],{"class":87},[65,129051,84],{"class":83},[65,129053,5513],{"class":79},[65,129055,128663],{"class":3816},[20,129057,129058],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[56,129060,129062],{"className":58,"code":129061,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129063,129064,129076,129080],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,129065,129066,129068,129070,129072,129074],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,129067,34600],{"class":71},[65,129069,76],{"class":75},[65,129071,103],{"class":83},[65,129073,129001],{"class":87},[65,129075,1650],{"class":83},[65,129077,129078],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,129079,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,129081,129082,129084,129086,129088,129090,129092,129094,129096,129098,129100,129102,129104,129106],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,129083,165],{"class":164},[65,129085,168],{"class":79},[65,129087,34621],{"class":147},[65,129089,144],{"class":79},[65,129091,8791],{"class":147},[65,129093,8788],{"class":79},[65,129095,128307],{"class":147},[65,129097,168],{"class":79},[65,129099,84],{"class":83},[65,129101,3998],{"class":87},[65,129103,84],{"class":83},[65,129105,5513],{"class":79},[65,129107,51170],{"class":3816},[51,129109,129111,10729,129113],{"id":129110},"find-vs-index",[15,129112,124277],{},[15,129114,58893],{},[20,129116,129117,1048,129119,129121],{},[15,129118,124277],{},[15,129120,58893],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[30,129123,129124,129130],{},[33,129125,129126,2543,129128],{},[15,129127,124277],{},[15,129129,65781],{},[33,129131,129132,52418,129134],{},[15,129133,58893],{},[15,129135,40622],{},[20,129137,1309,129138,129140],{},[15,129139,124277],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129142,1309,129143,129145],{},[15,129144,58893],{}," when the value must exist.",[56,129147,129149],{"className":58,"code":129148,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129150,129151,129163,129167],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,129152,129153,129155,129157,129159,129161],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,129154,34600],{"class":71},[65,129156,76],{"class":75},[65,129158,103],{"class":83},[65,129160,3998],{"class":87},[65,129162,1650],{"class":83},[65,129164,129165],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,129166,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,129168,129169,129171,129173,129175,129177,129179,129181,129183,129185,129187,129189],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,129170,165],{"class":164},[65,129172,168],{"class":79},[65,129174,34621],{"class":147},[65,129176,144],{"class":79},[65,129178,128307],{"class":147},[65,129180,168],{"class":79},[65,129182,84],{"class":83},[65,129184,931],{"class":87},[65,129186,84],{"class":83},[65,129188,5513],{"class":79},[65,129190,129191],{"class":3816},"   # -1\n",[56,129193,129195],{"className":58,"code":129194,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129196,129197,129209,129213],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,129198,129199,129201,129203,129205,129207],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,129200,34600],{"class":71},[65,129202,76],{"class":75},[65,129204,103],{"class":83},[65,129206,3998],{"class":87},[65,129208,1650],{"class":83},[65,129210,129211],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,129212,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,129214,129215,129217,129219,129221,129223,129225,129227,129229,129231,129233,129235],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,129216,165],{"class":164},[65,129218,168],{"class":79},[65,129220,34621],{"class":147},[65,129222,144],{"class":79},[65,129224,35760],{"class":147},[65,129226,168],{"class":79},[65,129228,84],{"class":83},[65,129230,931],{"class":87},[65,129232,84],{"class":83},[65,129234,5513],{"class":79},[65,129236,129237],{"class":3816},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129239,129240,129241,129245,129246,129248,129249,144],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[88,129242,129243,128972],{"href":124302},[15,129244,58893],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129247,58893],{},", read ",[88,129250,1546,129251],{"href":73409},[15,129252,129253],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[51,129255,40964],{"id":40963},[20,129257,35319,129258,129260],{},[15,129259,124277],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[30,129262,129263,129266,129269,129272],{},[33,129264,129265],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[33,129267,129268],{},"Get the position of a word",[33,129270,129271],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[33,129273,129274],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129276,129277],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[56,129279,129281],{"className":58,"code":129280,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129282,129283,129296,129319,129323,129338,129354,129373,129387],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,129284,129285,129287,129289,129291,129294],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,129286,34600],{"class":71},[65,129288,76],{"class":75},[65,129290,103],{"class":83},[65,129292,129293],{"class":87},"name:Alice",[65,129295,1650],{"class":83},[65,129297,129298,129301,129303,129305,129307,129309,129311,129313,129315,129317],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,129299,129300],{"class":71},"colon_pos ",[65,129302,76],{"class":75},[65,129304,42761],{"class":71},[65,129306,144],{"class":79},[65,129308,128307],{"class":147},[65,129310,168],{"class":79},[65,129312,84],{"class":83},[65,129314,93],{"class":87},[65,129316,84],{"class":83},[65,129318,174],{"class":79},[65,129320,129321],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,129322,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,129324,129325,129327,129330,129332,129334,129336],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,129326,1406],{"class":1405},[65,129328,129329],{"class":71}," colon_pos ",[65,129331,72519],{"class":75},[65,129333,2368],{"class":75},[65,129335,3135],{"class":96},[65,129337,1411],{"class":79},[65,129339,129340,129343,129345,129347,129349,129352],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,129341,129342],{"class":71},"    label ",[65,129344,76],{"class":75},[65,129346,42761],{"class":71},[65,129348,75462],{"class":79},[65,129350,129351],{"class":71},"colon_pos",[65,129353,3786],{"class":79},[65,129355,129356,129358,129360,129362,129364,129366,129368,129370],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,129357,27506],{"class":71},[65,129359,76],{"class":75},[65,129361,42761],{"class":71},[65,129363,4054],{"class":79},[65,129365,129300],{"class":71},[65,129367,2207],{"class":75},[65,129369,97],{"class":96},[65,129371,129372],{"class":79},":]\n",[65,129374,129375,129377,129379,129382,129384],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,129376,1431],{"class":164},[65,129378,168],{"class":79},[65,129380,129381],{"class":147},"label",[65,129383,3813],{"class":79},[65,129385,129386],{"class":3816},"  # name\n",[65,129388,129389,129391,129393,129395,129397],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,129390,1431],{"class":164},[65,129392,168],{"class":79},[65,129394,1714],{"class":147},[65,129396,3813],{"class":79},[65,129398,129399],{"class":3816},"  # Alice\n",[20,129401,129402,129403,144],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[88,129404,127318],{"href":123537},[51,129406,1766],{"id":1765},[20,129408,129409,129410,93],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129411,124277],{},[30,129413,129414,129423,129429,129434,129440],{},[33,129415,1792,129416,8606,129418,3024,129420,129422],{},[15,129417,124277],{},[15,129419,3753],{},[15,129421,3827],{}," instead of an index",[33,129424,129425,129426,129428],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129427,65781],{}," when the substring is missing",[33,129430,8569,129431,129433],{},[15,129432,124277],{}," without handling case differences",[33,129435,37120,129436,8855,129438],{},[15,129437,124277],{},[15,129439,58893],{},[33,129441,4736,129442,129444],{},[15,129443,124277],{}," changes the string",[20,129446,129447],{},"Example of a mistake:",[56,129449,129451],{"className":58,"code":129450,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129452,129453,129465,129469,129489,129504,129510],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,129454,129455,129457,129459,129461,129463],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,129456,34600],{"class":71},[65,129458,76],{"class":75},[65,129460,103],{"class":83},[65,129462,3998],{"class":87},[65,129464,1650],{"class":83},[65,129466,129467],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,129468,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,129470,129471,129473,129475,129477,129479,129481,129483,129485,129487],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,129472,1406],{"class":1405},[65,129474,42761],{"class":71},[65,129476,144],{"class":79},[65,129478,128307],{"class":147},[65,129480,168],{"class":79},[65,129482,84],{"class":83},[65,129484,60364],{"class":87},[65,129486,84],{"class":83},[65,129488,8493],{"class":79},[65,129490,129491,129493,129495,129497,129500,129502],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,129492,1431],{"class":164},[65,129494,168],{"class":79},[65,129496,84],{"class":83},[65,129498,129499],{"class":87},"Found",[65,129501,84],{"class":83},[65,129503,174],{"class":79},[65,129505,129506,129508],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,129507,1442],{"class":1405},[65,129509,1411],{"class":79},[65,129511,129512,129514,129516,129518,129520,129522],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,129513,1431],{"class":164},[65,129515,168],{"class":79},[65,129517,84],{"class":83},[65,129519,26421],{"class":87},[65,129521,84],{"class":83},[65,129523,174],{"class":79},[20,129525,99843],{},[56,129527,129529],{"className":58,"code":129528,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Not found\n",[15,129530,129531],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,129532,129533],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,129534,129528],{"class":71},[20,129536,45624,129537,129540,129541,1035,129543,129545,129546,129548],{},[15,129538,129539],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129542,2267],{},[15,129544,2267],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129547,1406],{}," statement.",[20,129550,129551],{},"A safer version is:",[56,129553,129555],{"className":58,"code":129554,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129556,129557,129569,129573,129602,129616,129622],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,129558,129559,129561,129563,129565,129567],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,129560,34600],{"class":71},[65,129562,76],{"class":75},[65,129564,103],{"class":83},[65,129566,3998],{"class":87},[65,129568,1650],{"class":83},[65,129570,129571],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,129572,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,129574,129575,129577,129579,129581,129583,129585,129587,129589,129591,129593,129596,129598,129600],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,129576,1406],{"class":1405},[65,129578,42761],{"class":71},[65,129580,144],{"class":79},[65,129582,128307],{"class":147},[65,129584,168],{"class":79},[65,129586,84],{"class":83},[65,129588,60364],{"class":87},[65,129590,84],{"class":83},[65,129592,3813],{"class":79},[65,129594,129595],{"class":75}," !=",[65,129597,2368],{"class":75},[65,129599,3135],{"class":96},[65,129601,1411],{"class":79},[65,129603,129604,129606,129608,129610,129612,129614],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,129605,1431],{"class":164},[65,129607,168],{"class":79},[65,129609,84],{"class":83},[65,129611,129499],{"class":87},[65,129613,84],{"class":83},[65,129615,174],{"class":79},[65,129617,129618,129620],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,129619,1442],{"class":1405},[65,129621,1411],{"class":79},[65,129623,129624,129626,129628,129630,129632,129634],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,129625,1431],{"class":164},[65,129627,168],{"class":79},[65,129629,84],{"class":83},[65,129631,26421],{"class":87},[65,129633,84],{"class":83},[65,129635,174],{"class":79},[20,129637,129638],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[56,129640,129642],{"className":58,"code":129641,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129643,129644,129666,129680,129706,129720],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,129645,129646,129648,129650,129652,129654,129656,129658,129660,129662,129664],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,129647,165],{"class":164},[65,129649,168],{"class":79},[65,129651,34621],{"class":147},[65,129653,144],{"class":79},[65,129655,128307],{"class":147},[65,129657,168],{"class":79},[65,129659,203],{"class":83},[65,129661,38308],{"class":87},[65,129663,203],{"class":83},[65,129665,1870],{"class":79},[65,129667,129668,129670,129672,129674,129676,129678],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,129669,165],{"class":164},[65,129671,168],{"class":79},[65,129673,41698],{"class":164},[65,129675,168],{"class":79},[65,129677,34621],{"class":147},[65,129679,1870],{"class":79},[65,129681,129682,129684,129686,129688,129690,129692,129694,129696,129698,129700,129702,129704],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,129683,165],{"class":164},[65,129685,168],{"class":79},[65,129687,34621],{"class":147},[65,129689,144],{"class":79},[65,129691,8791],{"class":147},[65,129693,8788],{"class":79},[65,129695,128307],{"class":147},[65,129697,168],{"class":79},[65,129699,203],{"class":83},[65,129701,38308],{"class":87},[65,129703,203],{"class":83},[65,129705,1870],{"class":79},[65,129707,129708,129710,129712,129714,129716,129718],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,129709,165],{"class":164},[65,129711,168],{"class":79},[65,129713,1863],{"class":164},[65,129715,168],{"class":79},[65,129717,34621],{"class":147},[65,129719,1870],{"class":79},[65,129721,129722,129724,129726,129728,129730,129732,129734,129736,129738,129740,129742,129744,129746,129748],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,129723,165],{"class":164},[65,129725,168],{"class":79},[65,129727,34621],{"class":147},[65,129729,144],{"class":79},[65,129731,128307],{"class":147},[65,129733,168],{"class":79},[65,129735,203],{"class":83},[65,129737,38308],{"class":87},[65,129739,203],{"class":83},[65,129741,100],{"class":79},[65,129743,35966],{"class":147},[65,129745,100],{"class":79},[65,129747,64967],{"class":147},[65,129749,1870],{"class":79},[20,129751,129752],{},"These help you check:",[30,129754,129755,129760,129765,129770,129773],{},[33,129756,129757,129758],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129759,124277],{},[33,129761,129762,129763],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129764,122496],{},[33,129766,129767,129768],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129769,124012],{},[33,129771,129772],{},"The string length",[33,129774,129775,129776,1048,129778,129780],{},"Whether your ",[15,129777,35987],{},[15,129779,52584],{}," values are correct",[51,129782,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,129784,129786,129787,129789],{"id":129785},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129788,124277],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129791,5298,129792,144],{},[15,129793,65781],{},[1059,129795,1966,129797,129799],{"id":129796},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129798,124277],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129801,129802],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1059,129804,129806,129807,124618],{"id":129805},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129808,124277],{},[20,129810,129811],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1059,129813,5330,129815,1048,129817,69582],{"id":129814},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129816,124277],{},[15,129818,58893],{},[20,129820,129821,2543,129823,129825,129826,52418,129828,144],{},[15,129822,124277],{},[15,129824,65781],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129827,58893],{},[15,129829,40622],{},[1059,129831,28432,129833,129835],{"id":129832},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129834,124277],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129837,129838,129839,1048,129841,66080],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129840,35987],{},[15,129842,52584],{},[51,129844,2015],{"id":2014},[30,129846,129847,129853,129859,129866,129872,129879,129883,129888],{},[33,129848,129849],{},[88,129850,126282,129851,10885],{"href":124302},[15,129852,58893],{},[33,129854,129855],{},[88,129856,126282,129857,10885],{"href":128969},[15,129858,60457],{},[33,129860,129861],{},[88,129862,126282,129864,10885],{"href":129863},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129865,124453],{},[33,129867,129868],{},[88,129869,126282,129870,10885],{"href":127647},[15,129871,127650],{},[33,129873,129874],{},[88,129875,126282,129877,10885],{"href":129876},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129878,126340],{},[33,129880,129881],{},[88,129882,124681],{"href":123537},[33,129884,129885],{},[88,129886,129887],{"href":128965},"How to split a string in Python",[33,129889,129890],{},[88,129891,26229,129892],{"href":73409},[15,129893,129253],{},[2071,129895,129896],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":129898},[129899,129901,129904,129905,129906,129907,129909,129910,129911,129923],{"id":128383,"depth":133,"text":129900},"What find() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283,"children":129902},[129903],{"id":17508,"depth":154,"text":17509},{"id":37936,"depth":133,"text":37937},{"id":65333,"depth":133,"text":66116},{"id":123928,"depth":133,"text":123929},{"id":129110,"depth":133,"text":129908},"find() vs index()",{"id":40963,"depth":133,"text":40964},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":129912},[129913,129915,129917,129919,129921],{"id":129785,"depth":154,"text":129914},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129796,"depth":154,"text":129916},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129805,"depth":154,"text":129918},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129814,"depth":154,"text":129920},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129832,"depth":154,"text":129922},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128255,"description":129924},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129931,"title":129932,"body":129933,"description":131859,"extension":2111,"meta":131860,"navigation":157,"path":131861,"seo":131862,"stem":131863,"__hash__":131864},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129934,"toc":131827},[129935,129940,129945,129948,129950,130026,130030,130058,130066,130070,130075,130079,130096,130098,130165,130169,130191,130199,130201,130204,130228,130231,130245,130247,130332,130336,130348,130351,130355,130361,130411,130415,130432,130441,130444,130452,130455,130504,130508,130533,130536,130591,130595,130607,130613,130617,130623,130628,130695,130699,130725,130728,130739,130741,130808,130812,130837,130844,130848,130853,130860,130868,130870,130922,130926,130944,130946,130991,130995,131010,131013,131023,131030,131032,131036,131039,131050,131052,131112,131116,131144,131147,131153,131158,131161,131165,131209,131212,131250,131253,131261,131263,131268,131272,131275,131323,131326,131329,131385,131389,131394,131397,131446,131448,131497,131503,131508,131510,131557,131561,131574,131576,131627,131633,131636,131640,131643,131649,131654,131656,131659,131731,131734,131751,131753,131758,131761,131765,131771,131777,131784,131790,131796,131798,131824],[10,129936,123282,129938,18],{"id":129937},"python-string-format-method",[15,129939,126285],{},[20,129941,123287,129942,129944],{},[15,129943,126285],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129946,129947],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[51,129949,54],{"id":53},[56,129951,129953],{"className":58,"code":129952,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129954,129955,129967,129975,129979,130016],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,129956,129957,129959,129961,129963,129965],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,129958,8027],{"class":71},[65,129960,76],{"class":75},[65,129962,103],{"class":83},[65,129964,11646],{"class":87},[65,129966,1650],{"class":83},[65,129968,129969,129971,129973],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,129970,21741],{"class":71},[65,129972,76],{"class":75},[65,129974,88726],{"class":96},[65,129976,129977],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,129978,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,129980,129981,129983,129985,129987,129990,129992,129995,129997,129999,130001,130003,130006,130008,130010,130012,130014],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,129982,89934],{"class":71},[65,129984,76],{"class":75},[65,129986,103],{"class":83},[65,129988,129989],{"class":87},"My name is ",[65,129991,3944],{"class":96},[65,129993,129994],{"class":87}," and I am ",[65,129996,3944],{"class":96},[65,129998,122278],{"class":87},[65,130000,84],{"class":83},[65,130002,144],{"class":79},[65,130004,130005],{"class":147},"format",[65,130007,168],{"class":79},[65,130009,369],{"class":147},[65,130011,100],{"class":79},[65,130013,9339],{"class":147},[65,130015,174],{"class":79},[65,130017,130018,130020,130022,130024],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,130019,165],{"class":164},[65,130021,168],{"class":79},[65,130023,89951],{"class":147},[65,130025,174],{"class":79},[20,130027,130028],{},[46,130029,191],{},[56,130031,130033],{"className":58,"code":130032,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130034,130035],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130036,130037,130040,130042,130045,130048,130051,130054,130056],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130038,130039],{"class":71},"My name ",[65,130041,12329],{"class":75},[65,130043,130044],{"class":71}," Maya ",[65,130046,130047],{"class":75},"and",[65,130049,130050],{"class":71}," I am ",[65,130052,130053],{"class":96},"12",[65,130055,122311],{"class":71},[65,130057,122314],{"class":79},[20,130059,1309,130060,130062,130063,130065],{},[15,130061,3944],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130064,126285],{}," in the same order.",[20,130067,125034,130068,144],{},[88,130069,125037],{"href":50898},[51,130071,13126,130073,13129],{"id":130072},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130074,126285],{},[20,130076,22,130077,11555],{},[15,130078,126285],{},[30,130080,130081,130084,130090,130093],{},[33,130082,130083],{},"inserts values into a string",[33,130085,130086,130087,130089],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130088,3944],{}," with given values",[33,130091,130092],{},"returns a new string",[33,130094,130095],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130097,350],{},[56,130099,130101],{"className":58,"code":130100,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130102,130103,130117,130140,130144,130155],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130104,130105,130107,130109,130111,130113,130115],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130106,34600],{"class":71},[65,130108,76],{"class":75},[65,130110,103],{"class":83},[65,130112,44822],{"class":87},[65,130114,3944],{"class":96},[65,130116,1650],{"class":83},[65,130118,130119,130122,130124,130126,130128,130130,130132,130134,130136,130138],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,130120,130121],{"class":71},"new_text ",[65,130123,76],{"class":75},[65,130125,42761],{"class":71},[65,130127,144],{"class":79},[65,130129,130005],{"class":147},[65,130131,168],{"class":79},[65,130133,84],{"class":83},[65,130135,7826],{"class":87},[65,130137,84],{"class":83},[65,130139,174],{"class":79},[65,130141,130142],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,130143,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,130145,130146,130148,130150,130153],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,130147,165],{"class":164},[65,130149,168],{"class":79},[65,130151,130152],{"class":147},"new_text",[65,130154,174],{"class":79},[65,130156,130157,130159,130161,130163],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,130158,165],{"class":164},[65,130160,168],{"class":79},[65,130162,34621],{"class":147},[65,130164,174],{"class":79},[20,130166,130167],{},[46,130168,191],{},[56,130170,130172],{"className":58,"code":130171,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130173,130174,130183],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130175,130176,130178,130180],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130177,34780],{"class":71},[65,130179,100],{"class":79},[65,130181,130182],{"class":71}," Sam\n",[65,130184,130185,130187,130189],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,130186,34780],{"class":71},[65,130188,100],{"class":79},[65,130190,1343],{"class":79},[20,130192,2431,130193,130195,130196,130198],{},[15,130194,34621],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130197,126285],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[51,130200,283],{"id":282},[20,130202,130203],{},"The general form is:",[56,130205,130207],{"className":58,"code":130206,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130208,130209],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130210,130211,130213,130216,130218,130220,130222,130224,130226],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130212,84],{"class":43248},[65,130214,130215],{"class":43252},"text {}",[65,130217,84],{"class":43248},[65,130219,144],{"class":79},[65,130221,130005],{"class":147},[65,130223,168],{"class":79},[65,130225,1714],{"class":147},[65,130227,174],{"class":79},[20,130229,130230],{},"Key idea:",[30,130232,130233,130239,130242],{},[33,130234,130235,130236,130238],{},"each ",[15,130237,3944],{}," is a placeholder",[33,130240,130241],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[33,130243,130244],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130246,350],{},[56,130248,130250],{"className":58,"code":130249,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130251,130252,130265,130279,130283,130321],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130253,130254,130257,130259,130261,130263],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130255,130256],{"class":71},"animal ",[65,130258,76],{"class":75},[65,130260,103],{"class":83},[65,130262,36963],{"class":87},[65,130264,1650],{"class":83},[65,130266,130267,130270,130272,130274,130277],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,130268,130269],{"class":71},"sound ",[65,130271,76],{"class":75},[65,130273,103],{"class":83},[65,130275,130276],{"class":87},"meow",[65,130278,1650],{"class":83},[65,130280,130281],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,130282,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,130284,130285,130288,130290,130292,130294,130296,130299,130301,130303,130305,130307,130309,130311,130314,130316,130319],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,130286,130287],{"class":71},"sentence ",[65,130289,76],{"class":75},[65,130291,103],{"class":83},[65,130293,22],{"class":87},[65,130295,3944],{"class":96},[65,130297,130298],{"class":87}," says ",[65,130300,3944],{"class":96},[65,130302,144],{"class":87},[65,130304,84],{"class":83},[65,130306,144],{"class":79},[65,130308,130005],{"class":147},[65,130310,168],{"class":79},[65,130312,130313],{"class":147},"animal",[65,130315,100],{"class":79},[65,130317,130318],{"class":147}," sound",[65,130320,174],{"class":79},[65,130322,130323,130325,130327,130330],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,130324,165],{"class":164},[65,130326,168],{"class":79},[65,130328,130329],{"class":147},"sentence",[65,130331,174],{"class":79},[20,130333,130334],{},[46,130335,191],{},[56,130337,130339],{"className":58,"code":130338,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130340,130341],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130342,130343,130346],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130344,130345],{"class":71},"The cat says meow",[65,130347,122314],{"class":79},[20,130349,130350],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[51,130352,130354],{"id":130353},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130356,130357,130358,130360],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130359,3944],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[56,130362,130364],{"className":58,"code":130363,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130365,130366],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130367,130368,130370,130372,130374,130377,130379,130381,130383,130385,130387,130389,130391,130393,130395,130398,130400,130402,130404,130407,130409],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130369,165],{"class":164},[65,130371,168],{"class":79},[65,130373,84],{"class":83},[65,130375,130376],{"class":87},"I like ",[65,130378,3944],{"class":96},[65,130380,1048],{"class":87},[65,130382,3944],{"class":96},[65,130384,144],{"class":87},[65,130386,84],{"class":83},[65,130388,144],{"class":79},[65,130390,130005],{"class":147},[65,130392,168],{"class":79},[65,130394,84],{"class":83},[65,130396,130397],{"class":87},"pizza",[65,130399,84],{"class":83},[65,130401,100],{"class":79},[65,130403,103],{"class":83},[65,130405,130406],{"class":87},"pasta",[65,130408,84],{"class":83},[65,130410,1870],{"class":79},[20,130412,130413],{},[46,130414,191],{},[56,130416,130418],{"className":58,"code":130417,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130419,130420],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130421,130422,130425,130427,130430],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130423,130424],{"class":71},"I like pizza ",[65,130426,130047],{"class":75},[65,130428,130429],{"class":71}," pasta",[65,130431,122314],{"class":79},[20,130433,130434,130435,1048,130438,144],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130436,130437],{},"{0}",[15,130439,130440],{},"{1}",[20,130442,130443],{},"This is helpful when:",[30,130445,130446,130449],{},[33,130447,130448],{},"you want to reuse a value",[33,130450,130451],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130453,130454],{},"Example with reused values:",[56,130456,130458],{"className":58,"code":130457,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130459,130460,130494],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130461,130462,130464,130466,130468,130470,130473,130475,130478,130480,130482,130484,130486,130488,130490,130492],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130463,34600],{"class":71},[65,130465,76],{"class":75},[65,130467,103],{"class":83},[65,130469,130437],{"class":96},[65,130471,130472],{"class":87}," is learning Python. ",[65,130474,130437],{"class":96},[65,130476,130477],{"class":87}," likes coding.",[65,130479,84],{"class":83},[65,130481,144],{"class":79},[65,130483,130005],{"class":147},[65,130485,168],{"class":79},[65,130487,84],{"class":83},[65,130489,19997],{"class":87},[65,130491,84],{"class":83},[65,130493,174],{"class":79},[65,130495,130496,130498,130500,130502],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,130497,165],{"class":164},[65,130499,168],{"class":79},[65,130501,34621],{"class":147},[65,130503,174],{"class":79},[20,130505,130506],{},[46,130507,191],{},[56,130509,130511],{"className":58,"code":130510,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130512,130513],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130514,130515,130518,130520,130523,130525,130528,130531],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130516,130517],{"class":71},"Lina ",[65,130519,12329],{"class":75},[65,130521,130522],{"class":71}," learning Python",[65,130524,144],{"class":79},[65,130526,130527],{"class":24857}," Lina",[65,130529,130530],{"class":71}," likes coding",[65,130532,122314],{"class":79},[20,130534,130535],{},"Example with changed order:",[56,130537,130539],{"className":58,"code":130538,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130540,130541,130581],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130542,130543,130545,130547,130549,130551,130553,130555,130557,130559,130561,130563,130565,130567,130569,130571,130573,130575,130577,130579],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130544,34600],{"class":71},[65,130546,76],{"class":75},[65,130548,103],{"class":83},[65,130550,130440],{"class":96},[65,130552,83253],{"class":87},[65,130554,130437],{"class":96},[65,130556,144],{"class":87},[65,130558,84],{"class":83},[65,130560,144],{"class":79},[65,130562,130005],{"class":147},[65,130564,168],{"class":79},[65,130566,84],{"class":83},[65,130568,6736],{"class":87},[65,130570,84],{"class":83},[65,130572,100],{"class":79},[65,130574,103],{"class":83},[65,130576,79198],{"class":87},[65,130578,84],{"class":83},[65,130580,174],{"class":79},[65,130582,130583,130585,130587,130589],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,130584,165],{"class":164},[65,130586,168],{"class":79},[65,130588,34621],{"class":147},[65,130590,174],{"class":79},[20,130592,130593],{},[46,130594,191],{},[56,130596,130598],{"className":58,"code":130597,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130599,130600],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130601,130602,130605],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130603,130604],{"class":71},"two comes after one",[65,130606,122314],{"class":79},[20,130608,130609,130610,130612],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130611,3944],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[51,130614,130616],{"id":130615},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130618,130619,130620,144],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130621,130622],{},"{name}",[20,130624,130625,130626,93],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130627,126285],{},[56,130629,130631],{"className":58,"code":130630,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130632,130633,130685],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130634,130635,130637,130639,130641,130643,130645,130648,130651,130653,130655,130657,130659,130661,130663,130665,130667,130669,130671,130673,130675,130677,130679,130681,130683],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130636,34600],{"class":71},[65,130638,76],{"class":75},[65,130640,103],{"class":83},[65,130642,129989],{"class":87},[65,130644,130622],{"class":96},[65,130646,130647],{"class":87}," and I live in ",[65,130649,130650],{"class":96},"{city}",[65,130652,144],{"class":87},[65,130654,84],{"class":83},[65,130656,144],{"class":79},[65,130658,130005],{"class":147},[65,130660,168],{"class":79},[65,130662,369],{"class":9326},[65,130664,76],{"class":75},[65,130666,84],{"class":83},[65,130668,542],{"class":87},[65,130670,84],{"class":83},[65,130672,100],{"class":79},[65,130674,31295],{"class":9326},[65,130676,76],{"class":75},[65,130678,84],{"class":83},[65,130680,16153],{"class":87},[65,130682,84],{"class":83},[65,130684,174],{"class":79},[65,130686,130687,130689,130691,130693],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,130688,165],{"class":164},[65,130690,168],{"class":79},[65,130692,34621],{"class":147},[65,130694,174],{"class":79},[20,130696,130697],{},[46,130698,191],{},[56,130700,130702],{"className":58,"code":130701,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130703,130704],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130705,130706,130708,130710,130713,130715,130718,130720,130723],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130707,130039],{"class":71},[65,130709,12329],{"class":75},[65,130711,130712],{"class":71}," Ana ",[65,130714,130047],{"class":75},[65,130716,130717],{"class":71}," I live ",[65,130719,4036],{"class":75},[65,130721,130722],{"class":71}," Lima",[65,130724,122314],{"class":79},[20,130726,130727],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[30,130729,130730,130733,130736],{},[33,130731,130732],{},"they make code easier to read",[33,130734,130735],{},"they help when a string has many values",[33,130737,130738],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130740,350],{},[56,130742,130744],{"className":58,"code":130743,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130745,130746,130798],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130747,130748,130751,130753,130755,130758,130761,130764,130767,130769,130771,130773,130775,130777,130779,130781,130784,130786,130788,130791,130793,130796],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130749,130750],{"class":71},"report ",[65,130752,76],{"class":75},[65,130754,103],{"class":83},[65,130756,130757],{"class":87},"Student: ",[65,130759,130760],{"class":96},"{student}",[65,130762,130763],{"class":87},", Score: ",[65,130765,130766],{"class":96},"{score}",[65,130768,84],{"class":83},[65,130770,144],{"class":79},[65,130772,130005],{"class":147},[65,130774,168],{"class":79},[65,130776,13755],{"class":9326},[65,130778,76],{"class":75},[65,130780,84],{"class":83},[65,130782,130783],{"class":87},"Noah",[65,130785,84],{"class":83},[65,130787,100],{"class":79},[65,130789,130790],{"class":9326}," score",[65,130792,76],{"class":75},[65,130794,130795],{"class":96},"95",[65,130797,174],{"class":79},[65,130799,130800,130802,130804,130806],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,130801,165],{"class":164},[65,130803,168],{"class":79},[65,130805,127995],{"class":147},[65,130807,174],{"class":79},[20,130809,130810],{},[46,130811,191],{},[56,130813,130815],{"className":58,"code":130814,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130816,130817],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130818,130819,130822,130824,130827,130829,130832,130834],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130820,130821],{"class":71},"Student",[65,130823,93],{"class":79},[65,130825,130826],{"class":71}," Noah",[65,130828,100],{"class":79},[65,130830,130831],{"class":71}," Score",[65,130833,93],{"class":79},[65,130835,130836],{"class":96}," 95\n",[20,130838,130839,130840,144],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[88,130841,3724,130842,3657],{"href":42094},[15,130843,47605],{},[51,130845,130847],{"id":130846},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130849,130850,130852],{},[15,130851,126285],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130854,130855,130856,130859],{},"A common example is ",[15,130857,130858],{},":.2f",", which means:",[30,130861,130862,130865],{},[33,130863,130864],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[33,130866,130867],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130869,350],{},[56,130871,130873],{"className":58,"code":130872,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130874,130875,130883,130912],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130876,130877,130879,130881],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130878,40305],{"class":71},[65,130880,76],{"class":75},[65,130882,49198],{"class":96},[65,130884,130885,130887,130889,130891,130894,130896,130898,130900,130902,130904,130906,130908,130910],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,130886,34600],{"class":71},[65,130888,76],{"class":75},[65,130890,103],{"class":83},[65,130892,130893],{"class":87},"Price: $",[65,130895,218],{"class":96},[65,130897,130858],{"class":1696},[65,130899,1706],{"class":96},[65,130901,84],{"class":83},[65,130903,144],{"class":79},[65,130905,130005],{"class":147},[65,130907,168],{"class":79},[65,130909,25257],{"class":147},[65,130911,174],{"class":79},[65,130913,130914,130916,130918,130920],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,130915,165],{"class":164},[65,130917,168],{"class":79},[65,130919,34621],{"class":147},[65,130921,174],{"class":79},[20,130923,130924],{},[46,130925,191],{},[56,130927,130929],{"className":58,"code":130928,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130930,130931],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130932,130933,130936,130938,130941],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130934,130935],{"class":71},"Price",[65,130937,93],{"class":79},[65,130939,130940],{"class":37283}," $",[65,130942,130943],{"class":96},"3.50\n",[20,130945,52003],{},[56,130947,130949],{"className":58,"code":130948,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130950,130951,130961],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,130952,130953,130956,130958],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,130954,130955],{"class":71},"average ",[65,130957,76],{"class":75},[65,130959,130960],{"class":96}," 91.236\n",[65,130962,130963,130965,130967,130969,130972,130974,130976,130978,130980,130982,130984,130986,130989],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,130964,165],{"class":164},[65,130966,168],{"class":79},[65,130968,84],{"class":83},[65,130970,130971],{"class":87},"Average: ",[65,130973,218],{"class":96},[65,130975,130858],{"class":1696},[65,130977,1706],{"class":96},[65,130979,84],{"class":83},[65,130981,144],{"class":79},[65,130983,130005],{"class":147},[65,130985,168],{"class":79},[65,130987,130988],{"class":147},"average",[65,130990,1870],{"class":79},[20,130992,130993],{},[46,130994,191],{},[56,130996,130998],{"className":58,"code":130997,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130999,131000],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131001,131002,131005,131007],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131003,131004],{"class":71},"Average",[65,131006,93],{"class":79},[65,131008,131009],{"class":96}," 91.24\n",[20,131011,131012],{},"This is useful for:",[30,131014,131015,131017,131020],{},[33,131016,83011],{},[33,131018,131019],{},"averages",[33,131021,131022],{},"percentages",[20,131024,131025,131026,144],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[88,131027,3724,131028,2448],{"href":46370},[15,131029,46373],{},[51,131031,17533],{"id":17532},[20,131033,131034,92448],{},[15,131035,126285],{},[20,131037,131038],{},"That means you can:",[30,131040,131041,131044,131047],{},[33,131042,131043],{},"save it in a variable",[33,131045,131046],{},"print it directly",[33,131048,131049],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131051,350],{},[56,131053,131055],{"className":58,"code":131054,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131056,131057,131088,131098],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131058,131059,131061,131063,131065,131067,131069,131071,131073,131075,131077,131079,131081,131084,131086],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131060,89934],{"class":71},[65,131062,76],{"class":75},[65,131064,103],{"class":83},[65,131066,44822],{"class":87},[65,131068,3944],{"class":96},[65,131070,89775],{"class":87},[65,131072,84],{"class":83},[65,131074,144],{"class":79},[65,131076,130005],{"class":147},[65,131078,168],{"class":79},[65,131080,84],{"class":83},[65,131082,131083],{"class":87},"Chris",[65,131085,84],{"class":83},[65,131087,174],{"class":79},[65,131089,131090,131092,131094,131096],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,131091,165],{"class":164},[65,131093,168],{"class":79},[65,131095,89951],{"class":147},[65,131097,174],{"class":79},[65,131099,131100,131102,131104,131106,131108,131110],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,131101,165],{"class":164},[65,131103,168],{"class":79},[65,131105,3370],{"class":1368},[65,131107,168],{"class":79},[65,131109,89951],{"class":147},[65,131111,1870],{"class":79},[20,131113,131114],{},[46,131115,191],{},[56,131117,131119],{"className":58,"code":131118,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131120,131121,131130],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131122,131123,131125,131127],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131124,34780],{"class":71},[65,131126,100],{"class":79},[65,131128,131129],{"class":71}," Chris!\n",[65,131131,131132,131134,131136,131138,131140,131142],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,131133,3439],{"class":75},[65,131135,3442],{"class":1696},[65,131137,233],{"class":83},[65,131139,3591],{"class":87},[65,131141,203],{"class":83},[65,131143,3451],{"class":75},[20,131145,131146],{},"The original string is not changed.",[51,131148,131150,131152],{"id":131149},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131151,126285],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131154,131155,131157],{},[15,131156,126285],{}," is a string method.",[20,131159,131160],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131162,45961,131163,93],{},[15,131164,126285],{},[56,131166,131168],{"className":58,"code":131167,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131169,131170,131183],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131171,131172,131174,131176,131178,131181],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131173,8027],{"class":71},[65,131175,76],{"class":75},[65,131177,103],{"class":83},[65,131179,131180],{"class":87},"Rita",[65,131182,1650],{"class":83},[65,131184,131185,131187,131189,131191,131193,131195,131197,131199,131201,131203,131205,131207],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,131186,165],{"class":164},[65,131188,168],{"class":79},[65,131190,84],{"class":83},[65,131192,44822],{"class":87},[65,131194,3944],{"class":96},[65,131196,89775],{"class":87},[65,131198,84],{"class":83},[65,131200,144],{"class":79},[65,131202,130005],{"class":147},[65,131204,168],{"class":79},[65,131206,369],{"class":147},[65,131208,1870],{"class":79},[20,131210,131211],{},"Example with an f-string:",[56,131213,131215],{"className":58,"code":131214,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131216,131217,131229],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131218,131219,131221,131223,131225,131227],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131220,8027],{"class":71},[65,131222,76],{"class":75},[65,131224,103],{"class":83},[65,131226,131180],{"class":87},[65,131228,1650],{"class":83},[65,131230,131231,131233,131235,131237,131239,131241,131243,131245,131248],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,131232,165],{"class":164},[65,131234,168],{"class":79},[65,131236,1697],{"class":1696},[65,131238,43266],{"class":87},[65,131240,218],{"class":96},[65,131242,369],{"class":147},[65,131244,1706],{"class":96},[65,131246,131247],{"class":87},"!\"",[65,131249,174],{"class":79},[20,131251,131252],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131254,131255,131256,131258,131259,144],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131257,126285],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[88,131260,89620],{"href":89619},[51,131262,1766],{"id":1765},[20,131264,131265,131266,144],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131267,126285],{},[1059,131269,131271],{"id":131270},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131273,131274],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[56,131276,131278],{"className":58,"code":131277,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131279,131280,131313],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131281,131282,131284,131286,131288,131290,131292,131295,131297,131299,131301,131303,131305,131307,131309,131311],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131283,34600],{"class":71},[65,131285,76],{"class":75},[65,131287,103],{"class":83},[65,131289,44822],{"class":87},[65,131291,3944],{"class":96},[65,131293,131294],{"class":96}," {}",[65,131296,89775],{"class":87},[65,131298,84],{"class":83},[65,131300,144],{"class":79},[65,131302,130005],{"class":147},[65,131304,168],{"class":79},[65,131306,84],{"class":83},[65,131308,7826],{"class":87},[65,131310,84],{"class":83},[65,131312,174],{"class":79},[65,131314,131315,131317,131319,131321],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,131316,165],{"class":164},[65,131318,168],{"class":79},[65,131320,34621],{"class":147},[65,131322,174],{"class":79},[20,131324,131325],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131327,131328],{},"Fixed version:",[56,131330,131332],{"className":58,"code":131331,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131333,131334,131375],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131335,131336,131338,131340,131342,131344,131346,131348,131350,131352,131354,131356,131358,131360,131362,131364,131366,131368,131371,131373],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131337,34600],{"class":71},[65,131339,76],{"class":75},[65,131341,103],{"class":83},[65,131343,44822],{"class":87},[65,131345,3944],{"class":96},[65,131347,131294],{"class":96},[65,131349,89775],{"class":87},[65,131351,84],{"class":83},[65,131353,144],{"class":79},[65,131355,130005],{"class":147},[65,131357,168],{"class":79},[65,131359,84],{"class":83},[65,131361,7826],{"class":87},[65,131363,84],{"class":83},[65,131365,100],{"class":79},[65,131367,103],{"class":83},[65,131369,131370],{"class":87},"Lee",[65,131372,84],{"class":83},[65,131374,174],{"class":79},[65,131376,131377,131379,131381,131383],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,131378,165],{"class":164},[65,131380,168],{"class":79},[65,131382,34621],{"class":147},[65,131384,174],{"class":79},[1059,131386,131388],{"id":131387},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131390,131391,131392,144],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131393,126285],{},[20,131395,131396],{},"Problem:",[56,131398,131400],{"className":58,"code":131399,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131401,131402,131436],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131403,131404,131406,131408,131410,131412,131414,131416,131418,131420,131422,131424,131426,131428,131430,131432,131434],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131405,34600],{"class":71},[65,131407,76],{"class":75},[65,131409,103],{"class":83},[65,131411,44822],{"class":87},[65,131413,130622],{"class":96},[65,131415,89775],{"class":87},[65,131417,84],{"class":83},[65,131419,144],{"class":79},[65,131421,130005],{"class":147},[65,131423,168],{"class":79},[65,131425,8136],{"class":9326},[65,131427,76],{"class":75},[65,131429,84],{"class":83},[65,131431,7826],{"class":87},[65,131433,84],{"class":83},[65,131435,174],{"class":79},[65,131437,131438,131440,131442,131444],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,131439,165],{"class":164},[65,131441,168],{"class":79},[65,131443,34621],{"class":147},[65,131445,174],{"class":79},[20,131447,131328],{},[56,131449,131451],{"className":58,"code":131450,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131452,131453,131487],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131454,131455,131457,131459,131461,131463,131465,131467,131469,131471,131473,131475,131477,131479,131481,131483,131485],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131456,34600],{"class":71},[65,131458,76],{"class":75},[65,131460,103],{"class":83},[65,131462,44822],{"class":87},[65,131464,130622],{"class":96},[65,131466,89775],{"class":87},[65,131468,84],{"class":83},[65,131470,144],{"class":79},[65,131472,130005],{"class":147},[65,131474,168],{"class":79},[65,131476,369],{"class":9326},[65,131478,76],{"class":75},[65,131480,84],{"class":83},[65,131482,7826],{"class":87},[65,131484,84],{"class":83},[65,131486,174],{"class":79},[65,131488,131489,131491,131493,131495],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,131490,165],{"class":164},[65,131492,168],{"class":79},[65,131494,34621],{"class":147},[65,131496,174],{"class":79},[1059,131498,1792,131500,131502],{"id":131499},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131501,126285],{}," to change the original string",[20,131504,131505,131507],{},[15,131506,126285],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131509,131396],{},[56,131511,131513],{"className":58,"code":131512,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131514,131515,131529,131547],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131516,131517,131519,131521,131523,131525,131527],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131518,34600],{"class":71},[65,131520,76],{"class":75},[65,131522,103],{"class":83},[65,131524,44822],{"class":87},[65,131526,3944],{"class":96},[65,131528,1650],{"class":83},[65,131530,131531,131533,131535,131537,131539,131541,131543,131545],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,131532,34621],{"class":71},[65,131534,144],{"class":79},[65,131536,130005],{"class":147},[65,131538,168],{"class":79},[65,131540,84],{"class":83},[65,131542,7826],{"class":87},[65,131544,84],{"class":83},[65,131546,174],{"class":79},[65,131548,131549,131551,131553,131555],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,131550,165],{"class":164},[65,131552,168],{"class":79},[65,131554,34621],{"class":147},[65,131556,174],{"class":79},[20,131558,131559],{},[46,131560,191],{},[56,131562,131564],{"className":58,"code":131563,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131565,131566],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131567,131568,131570,131572],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131569,34780],{"class":71},[65,131571,100],{"class":79},[65,131573,1343],{"class":79},[20,131575,131328],{},[56,131577,131579],{"className":58,"code":131578,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131580,131581,131595,131617],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131582,131583,131585,131587,131589,131591,131593],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131584,34600],{"class":71},[65,131586,76],{"class":75},[65,131588,103],{"class":83},[65,131590,44822],{"class":87},[65,131592,3944],{"class":96},[65,131594,1650],{"class":83},[65,131596,131597,131599,131601,131603,131605,131607,131609,131611,131613,131615],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,131598,34600],{"class":71},[65,131600,76],{"class":75},[65,131602,42761],{"class":71},[65,131604,144],{"class":79},[65,131606,130005],{"class":147},[65,131608,168],{"class":79},[65,131610,84],{"class":83},[65,131612,7826],{"class":87},[65,131614,84],{"class":83},[65,131616,174],{"class":79},[65,131618,131619,131621,131623,131625],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,131620,165],{"class":164},[65,131622,168],{"class":79},[65,131624,34621],{"class":147},[65,131626,174],{"class":79},[1059,131628,1812,131630,131632],{"id":131629},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131631,126285],{}," returns a new string",[20,131634,131635],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1059,131637,131639],{"id":131638},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131641,131642],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131644,131645,131646,131648],{},"Use simple ",[15,131647,3944],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131650,131651,131652,144],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[88,131653,90333],{"href":90332},[51,131655,67822],{"id":67821},[20,131657,131658],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[56,131660,131662],{"className":58,"code":131661,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131663,131664,131674,131688,131717],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131665,131666,131668,131670,131672],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131667,165],{"class":164},[65,131669,168],{"class":79},[65,131671,34621],{"class":147},[65,131673,174],{"class":79},[65,131675,131676,131678,131680,131682,131684,131686],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,131677,165],{"class":164},[65,131679,168],{"class":79},[65,131681,3370],{"class":1368},[65,131683,168],{"class":79},[65,131685,1714],{"class":147},[65,131687,1870],{"class":79},[65,131689,131690,131692,131694,131696,131699,131701,131703,131705,131707,131709,131711,131713,131715],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,131691,165],{"class":164},[65,131693,168],{"class":79},[65,131695,84],{"class":83},[65,131697,131698],{"class":87},"Hello ",[65,131700,3944],{"class":96},[65,131702,84],{"class":83},[65,131704,144],{"class":79},[65,131706,130005],{"class":147},[65,131708,168],{"class":79},[65,131710,84],{"class":83},[65,131712,7826],{"class":87},[65,131714,84],{"class":83},[65,131716,1870],{"class":79},[65,131718,131719,131721,131723,131725,131727,131729],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,131720,32063],{"class":164},[65,131722,168],{"class":79},[65,131724,3591],{"class":1368},[65,131726,144],{"class":79},[65,131728,130005],{"class":24857},[65,131730,174],{"class":79},[20,131732,131733],{},"Use them to check:",[30,131735,131736,131739,131742,131745],{},[33,131737,131738],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[33,131740,131741],{},"what type your value has",[33,131743,131744],{},"whether a small test example works",[33,131746,131747,131748],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131749,131750],{},"str.format",[51,131752,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,131754,129786,131756,12849],{"id":131755},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131757,126285],{},[20,131759,131760],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1059,131762,131764],{"id":131763},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131766,131767,131768,131770],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131769,3944],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1059,131772,131774,131775,2637],{"id":131773},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131776,126285],{},[20,131778,131779,131780,131783],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131781,131782],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1059,131785,15029,131787,131789],{"id":131786},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131788,126285],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131791,131792,131793,131795],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131794,126285],{}," is still useful and common.",[51,131797,2015],{"id":2014},[30,131799,131800,131804,131808,131814,131820],{},[33,131801,131802],{},[88,131803,125037],{"href":50898},[33,131805,131806],{},[88,131807,90610],{"href":89619},[33,131809,131810],{},[88,131811,3724,131812,3657],{"href":46370},[15,131813,46373],{},[33,131815,131816],{},[88,131817,3724,131818,3657],{"href":42094},[15,131819,47605],{},[33,131821,131822],{},[88,131823,90333],{"href":90332},[2071,131825,131826],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":131828},[131829,131830,131832,131833,131834,131835,131836,131837,131839,131848,131849,131858],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":130072,"depth":133,"text":131831},"What the format() method does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":130353,"depth":133,"text":130354},{"id":130615,"depth":133,"text":130616},{"id":130846,"depth":133,"text":130847},{"id":17532,"depth":133,"text":17533},{"id":131149,"depth":133,"text":131838},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":131840},[131841,131842,131843,131845,131847],{"id":131270,"depth":154,"text":131271},{"id":131387,"depth":154,"text":131388},{"id":131499,"depth":154,"text":131844},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131629,"depth":154,"text":131846},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131638,"depth":154,"text":131639},{"id":67821,"depth":133,"text":67822},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":131850},[131851,131853,131854,131856],{"id":131755,"depth":154,"text":131852},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131763,"depth":154,"text":131764},{"id":131773,"depth":154,"text":131855},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131786,"depth":154,"text":131857},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129932,"description":131859},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131866,"title":131867,"body":131868,"description":133348,"extension":2111,"meta":133349,"navigation":157,"path":133350,"seo":133351,"stem":133352,"__hash__":133353},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131869,"toc":133320},[131870,131875,131880,131885,131887,131949,131956,131962,131967,131969,131985,131987,132058,132060,132074,132077,132127,132129,132131,132158,132161,132176,132179,132220,132223,132268,132275,132324,132326,132334,132336,132354,132356,132449,132457,132498,132503,132510,132516,132523,132526,132530,132631,132633,132655,132659,132712,132715,132718,132724,132731,132733,132772,132774,132792,132802,132809,132892,132895,132902,132909,132916,132920,132928,132974,132978,132987,133052,133057,133062,133073,133075,133080,133107,133109,133212,133215,133235,133237,133242,133245,133249,133253,133260,133269,133275,133278,133284,133286,133288,133317],[10,131871,123282,131873,18],{"id":131872},"python-string-index-method",[15,131874,58893],{},[20,131876,123287,131877,131879],{},[15,131878,58893],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131881,131882,131883,144],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131884,40622],{},[51,131886,54],{"id":53},[56,131888,131890],{"className":58,"code":131889,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131891,131892,131904,131926,131936,131940,131944],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131893,131894,131896,131898,131900,131902],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131895,34600],{"class":71},[65,131897,76],{"class":75},[65,131899,103],{"class":83},[65,131901,60332],{"class":87},[65,131903,1650],{"class":83},[65,131905,131906,131908,131910,131912,131914,131916,131918,131920,131922,131924],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,131907,64846],{"class":71},[65,131909,76],{"class":75},[65,131911,42761],{"class":71},[65,131913,144],{"class":79},[65,131915,35760],{"class":147},[65,131917,168],{"class":79},[65,131919,84],{"class":83},[65,131921,60517],{"class":87},[65,131923,84],{"class":83},[65,131925,174],{"class":79},[65,131927,131928,131930,131932,131934],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,131929,165],{"class":164},[65,131931,168],{"class":79},[65,131933,64873],{"class":147},[65,131935,174],{"class":79},[65,131937,131938],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,131939,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,131941,131942],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,131943,90751],{"class":3816},[65,131945,131946],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,131947,131948],{"class":3816},"# 6\n",[20,131950,1309,131951,131953,131954,144],{},[15,131952,58893],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131955,40622],{},[51,131957,252,131959,255],{"id":131958},"what-strindex-does",[15,131960,131961],{},"str.index()",[20,131963,131964,131966],{},[15,131965,131961],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131968,13182],{},[30,131970,131971,131974,131977,131980],{},[33,131972,131973],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[33,131975,131976],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[33,131978,131979],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[33,131981,2006,131982,131984],{},[15,131983,40622],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131986,350],{},[56,131988,131990],{"className":58,"code":131989,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131991,131992,132004,132008,132033],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,131993,131994,131996,131998,132000,132002],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,131995,34600],{"class":71},[65,131997,76],{"class":75},[65,131999,103],{"class":83},[65,132001,4243],{"class":87},[65,132003,1650],{"class":83},[65,132005,132006],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,132007,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,132009,132010,132012,132014,132016,132018,132020,132022,132024,132026,132028,132030],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,132011,165],{"class":164},[65,132013,168],{"class":79},[65,132015,34621],{"class":147},[65,132017,144],{"class":79},[65,132019,35760],{"class":147},[65,132021,168],{"class":79},[65,132023,84],{"class":83},[65,132025,88],{"class":87},[65,132027,84],{"class":83},[65,132029,5513],{"class":79},[65,132031,132032],{"class":3816},"     # 1\n",[65,132034,132035,132037,132039,132041,132043,132045,132047,132049,132051,132053,132055],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,132036,165],{"class":164},[65,132038,168],{"class":79},[65,132040,34621],{"class":147},[65,132042,144],{"class":79},[65,132044,35760],{"class":147},[65,132046,168],{"class":79},[65,132048,84],{"class":83},[65,132050,123375],{"class":87},[65,132052,84],{"class":83},[65,132054,5513],{"class":79},[65,132056,132057],{"class":3816},"    # 2\n",[20,132059,2325],{},[30,132061,132062,132068],{},[33,132063,132064,128495,132066],{},[15,132065,18211],{},[15,132067,3135],{},[33,132069,132070,128495,132072],{},[15,132071,128494],{},[15,132073,2204],{},[20,132075,132076],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[56,132078,132080],{"className":58,"code":132079,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132081,132082,132094,132098,132122],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132083,132084,132086,132088,132090,132092],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132085,34600],{"class":71},[65,132087,76],{"class":75},[65,132089,103],{"class":83},[65,132091,34780],{"class":87},[65,132093,1650],{"class":83},[65,132095,132096],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,132097,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,132099,132100,132102,132104,132106,132108,132110,132112,132114,132116,132118,132120],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,132101,165],{"class":164},[65,132103,168],{"class":79},[65,132105,34621],{"class":147},[65,132107,144],{"class":79},[65,132109,35760],{"class":147},[65,132111,168],{"class":79},[65,132113,84],{"class":83},[65,132115,51114],{"class":87},[65,132117,84],{"class":83},[65,132119,5513],{"class":79},[65,132121,20883],{"class":3816},[65,132123,132124],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,132125,132126],{"class":3816},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[51,132128,283],{"id":282},[20,132130,2307],{},[56,132132,132134],{"className":58,"code":132133,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132135,132136],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132137,132138,132140,132142,132144,132146,132148,132150,132152,132154,132156],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132139,61100],{"class":71},[65,132141,144],{"class":79},[65,132143,35760],{"class":147},[65,132145,168],{"class":79},[65,132147,1714],{"class":147},[65,132149,100],{"class":79},[65,132151,35966],{"class":147},[65,132153,100],{"class":79},[65,132155,64967],{"class":147},[65,132157,174],{"class":79},[20,132159,132160],{},"Parameters:",[30,132162,132163,132167,132171],{},[33,132164,132165,123474],{},[15,132166,1714],{},[33,132168,132169,128541],{},[15,132170,35987],{},[33,132172,132173,132175],{},[15,132174,52584],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132177,132178],{},"You can use just the value:",[56,132180,132182],{"className":58,"code":132181,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132183,132184,132196],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132185,132186,132188,132190,132192,132194],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132187,34600],{"class":71},[65,132189,76],{"class":75},[65,132191,103],{"class":83},[65,132193,60],{"class":87},[65,132195,1650],{"class":83},[65,132197,132198,132200,132202,132204,132206,132208,132210,132212,132214,132216,132218],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,132199,165],{"class":164},[65,132201,168],{"class":79},[65,132203,34621],{"class":147},[65,132205,144],{"class":79},[65,132207,35760],{"class":147},[65,132209,168],{"class":79},[65,132211,84],{"class":83},[65,132213,63213],{"class":87},[65,132215,84],{"class":83},[65,132217,5513],{"class":79},[65,132219,51338],{"class":3816},[20,132221,132222],{},"Or include a start position:",[56,132224,132226],{"className":58,"code":132225,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132227,132228,132240],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132229,132230,132232,132234,132236,132238],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132231,34600],{"class":71},[65,132233,76],{"class":75},[65,132235,103],{"class":83},[65,132237,4243],{"class":87},[65,132239,1650],{"class":83},[65,132241,132242,132244,132246,132248,132250,132252,132254,132256,132258,132260,132262,132264,132266],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,132243,165],{"class":164},[65,132245,168],{"class":79},[65,132247,34621],{"class":147},[65,132249,144],{"class":79},[65,132251,35760],{"class":147},[65,132253,168],{"class":79},[65,132255,84],{"class":83},[65,132257,88],{"class":87},[65,132259,84],{"class":83},[65,132261,100],{"class":79},[65,132263,113],{"class":96},[65,132265,5513],{"class":79},[65,132267,50693],{"class":3816},[20,132269,132270,132271,1048,132273,93],{},"Or include both ",[15,132272,35987],{},[15,132274,52584],{},[56,132276,132278],{"className":58,"code":132277,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132279,132280,132292],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132281,132282,132284,132286,132288,132290],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132283,34600],{"class":71},[65,132285,76],{"class":75},[65,132287,103],{"class":83},[65,132289,4243],{"class":87},[65,132291,1650],{"class":83},[65,132293,132294,132296,132298,132300,132302,132304,132306,132308,132310,132312,132314,132316,132318,132320,132322],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,132295,165],{"class":164},[65,132297,168],{"class":79},[65,132299,34621],{"class":147},[65,132301,144],{"class":79},[65,132303,35760],{"class":147},[65,132305,168],{"class":79},[65,132307,84],{"class":83},[65,132309,88],{"class":87},[65,132311,84],{"class":83},[65,132313,100],{"class":79},[65,132315,113],{"class":96},[65,132317,100],{"class":79},[65,132319,4762],{"class":96},[65,132321,5513],{"class":79},[65,132323,50693],{"class":3816},[51,132325,37937],{"id":37936},[20,132327,335,132328,132330,132331,144],{},[15,132329,58893],{}," is a ",[46,132332,132333],{},"zero-based index",[20,132335,2254],{},[30,132337,132338,132344,132349],{},[33,132339,132340,132341,132343],{},"Index ",[15,132342,2267],{}," is the first character",[33,132345,132340,132346,132348],{},[15,132347,3135],{}," is the second character",[33,132350,132340,132351,132353],{},[15,132352,2204],{}," is the third character",[20,132355,350],{},[56,132357,132359],{"className":58,"code":132358,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132360,132361,132373,132377,132401,132425],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132362,132363,132365,132367,132369,132371],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132364,34600],{"class":71},[65,132366,76],{"class":75},[65,132368,103],{"class":83},[65,132370,36963],{"class":87},[65,132372,1650],{"class":83},[65,132374,132375],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,132376,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,132378,132379,132381,132383,132385,132387,132389,132391,132393,132395,132397,132399],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,132380,165],{"class":164},[65,132382,168],{"class":79},[65,132384,34621],{"class":147},[65,132386,144],{"class":79},[65,132388,35760],{"class":147},[65,132390,168],{"class":79},[65,132392,84],{"class":83},[65,132394,120],{"class":87},[65,132396,84],{"class":83},[65,132398,5513],{"class":79},[65,132400,51170],{"class":3816},[65,132402,132403,132405,132407,132409,132411,132413,132415,132417,132419,132421,132423],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,132404,165],{"class":164},[65,132406,168],{"class":79},[65,132408,34621],{"class":147},[65,132410,144],{"class":79},[65,132412,35760],{"class":147},[65,132414,168],{"class":79},[65,132416,84],{"class":83},[65,132418,88],{"class":87},[65,132420,84],{"class":83},[65,132422,5513],{"class":79},[65,132424,27883],{"class":3816},[65,132426,132427,132429,132431,132433,132435,132437,132439,132441,132443,132445,132447],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,132428,165],{"class":164},[65,132430,168],{"class":79},[65,132432,34621],{"class":147},[65,132434,144],{"class":79},[65,132436,35760],{"class":147},[65,132438,168],{"class":79},[65,132440,84],{"class":83},[65,132442,63213],{"class":87},[65,132444,84],{"class":83},[65,132446,5513],{"class":79},[65,132448,51338],{"class":3816},[20,132450,132451,132453,132454,132456],{},[15,132452,58893],{}," returns only the ",[46,132455,1597],{}," matching position.",[56,132458,132460],{"className":58,"code":132459,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132461,132462,132474],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132463,132464,132466,132468,132470,132472],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132465,34600],{"class":71},[65,132467,76],{"class":75},[65,132469,103],{"class":83},[65,132471,4243],{"class":87},[65,132473,1650],{"class":83},[65,132475,132476,132478,132480,132482,132484,132486,132488,132490,132492,132494,132496],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,132477,165],{"class":164},[65,132479,168],{"class":79},[65,132481,34621],{"class":147},[65,132483,144],{"class":79},[65,132485,35760],{"class":147},[65,132487,168],{"class":79},[65,132489,84],{"class":83},[65,132491,88],{"class":87},[65,132493,84],{"class":83},[65,132495,5513],{"class":79},[65,132497,27883],{"class":3816},[20,132499,21093,132500,132502],{},[15,132501,18211],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132504,132505,132506,144],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[88,132507,132508,10885],{"href":124732},[15,132509,58515],{},[51,132511,8569,132512,1048,132514],{"id":65333},[15,132513,35987],{},[15,132515,52584],{},[20,132517,22,132518,1048,132520,132522],{},[15,132519,35987],{},[15,132521,52584],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132524,132525],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132527,45961,132528,93],{},[15,132529,35987],{},[56,132531,132533],{"className":58,"code":132532,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132534,132535,132547,132551,132575,132603],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132536,132537,132539,132541,132543,132545],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132538,34600],{"class":71},[65,132540,76],{"class":75},[65,132542,103],{"class":83},[65,132544,4243],{"class":87},[65,132546,1650],{"class":83},[65,132548,132549],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,132550,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,132552,132553,132555,132557,132559,132561,132563,132565,132567,132569,132571,132573],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,132554,165],{"class":164},[65,132556,168],{"class":79},[65,132558,34621],{"class":147},[65,132560,144],{"class":79},[65,132562,35760],{"class":147},[65,132564,168],{"class":79},[65,132566,84],{"class":83},[65,132568,88],{"class":87},[65,132570,84],{"class":83},[65,132572,5513],{"class":79},[65,132574,51043],{"class":3816},[65,132576,132577,132579,132581,132583,132585,132587,132589,132591,132593,132595,132597,132599,132601],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,132578,165],{"class":164},[65,132580,168],{"class":79},[65,132582,34621],{"class":147},[65,132584,144],{"class":79},[65,132586,35760],{"class":147},[65,132588,168],{"class":79},[65,132590,84],{"class":83},[65,132592,88],{"class":87},[65,132594,84],{"class":83},[65,132596,100],{"class":79},[65,132598,113],{"class":96},[65,132600,5513],{"class":79},[65,132602,50892],{"class":3816},[65,132604,132605,132607,132609,132611,132613,132615,132617,132619,132621,132623,132625,132627,132629],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,132606,165],{"class":164},[65,132608,168],{"class":79},[65,132610,34621],{"class":147},[65,132612,144],{"class":79},[65,132614,35760],{"class":147},[65,132616,168],{"class":79},[65,132618,84],{"class":83},[65,132620,88],{"class":87},[65,132622,84],{"class":83},[65,132624,100],{"class":79},[65,132626,2602],{"class":96},[65,132628,5513],{"class":79},[65,132630,50676],{"class":3816},[20,132632,20072],{},[30,132634,132635,132642,132648],{},[33,132636,132637,132638,65523,132640],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132639,18211],{},[15,132641,3135],{},[33,132643,132644,132645,132647],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132646,2204],{}," skips that first match",[33,132649,132644,132650,132652,132653],{},[15,132651,2650],{}," finds the last ",[15,132654,18211],{},[20,132656,45961,132657,93],{},[15,132658,52584],{},[56,132660,132662],{"className":58,"code":132661,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132663,132664,132676,132680],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132665,132666,132668,132670,132672,132674],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132667,34600],{"class":71},[65,132669,76],{"class":75},[65,132671,103],{"class":83},[65,132673,4243],{"class":87},[65,132675,1650],{"class":83},[65,132677,132678],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,132679,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,132681,132682,132684,132686,132688,132690,132692,132694,132696,132698,132700,132702,132704,132706,132708,132710],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,132683,165],{"class":164},[65,132685,168],{"class":79},[65,132687,34621],{"class":147},[65,132689,144],{"class":79},[65,132691,35760],{"class":147},[65,132693,168],{"class":79},[65,132695,84],{"class":83},[65,132697,75957],{"class":87},[65,132699,84],{"class":83},[65,132701,100],{"class":79},[65,132703,3986],{"class":96},[65,132705,100],{"class":79},[65,132707,2602],{"class":96},[65,132709,5513],{"class":79},[65,132711,51338],{"class":3816},[20,132713,132714],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132716,132717],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[51,132719,44133,132721,132723],{"id":132720},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132722,58893],{}," causes an error",[20,132725,132726,132727,52418,132729,144],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132728,58893],{},[15,132730,40622],{},[20,132732,350],{},[56,132734,132736],{"className":58,"code":132735,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132737,132738,132750],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132739,132740,132742,132744,132746,132748],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132741,34600],{"class":71},[65,132743,76],{"class":75},[65,132745,103],{"class":83},[65,132747,3998],{"class":87},[65,132749,1650],{"class":83},[65,132751,132752,132754,132756,132758,132760,132762,132764,132766,132768,132770],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,132753,165],{"class":164},[65,132755,168],{"class":79},[65,132757,34621],{"class":147},[65,132759,144],{"class":79},[65,132761,35760],{"class":147},[65,132763,168],{"class":79},[65,132765,84],{"class":83},[65,132767,957],{"class":87},[65,132769,84],{"class":83},[65,132771,1870],{"class":79},[20,132773,191],{},[56,132775,132777],{"className":58,"code":132776,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132778,132779],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132780,132781,132783,132785,132788,132790],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132782,40622],{"class":1368},[65,132784,93],{"class":79},[65,132786,132787],{"class":71}," substring ",[65,132789,1014],{"class":75},[65,132791,65756],{"class":71},[20,132793,53265,132794,126248,132799,132801],{},[88,132795,132796],{"href":129926},[15,132797,132798],{},"str.find()",[15,132800,65781],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132803,132804,132805,1048,132807,93],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132806,1488],{},[15,132808,1519],{},[56,132810,132812],{"className":58,"code":132811,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132813,132814,132826,132830,132836,132859,132869,132877],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132815,132816,132818,132820,132822,132824],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132817,34600],{"class":71},[65,132819,76],{"class":75},[65,132821,103],{"class":83},[65,132823,3998],{"class":87},[65,132825,1650],{"class":83},[65,132827,132828],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,132829,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,132831,132832,132834],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,132833,1488],{"class":1405},[65,132835,1411],{"class":79},[65,132837,132838,132841,132843,132845,132847,132849,132851,132853,132855,132857],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,132839,132840],{"class":71},"    position ",[65,132842,76],{"class":75},[65,132844,42761],{"class":71},[65,132846,144],{"class":79},[65,132848,35760],{"class":147},[65,132850,168],{"class":79},[65,132852,84],{"class":83},[65,132854,957],{"class":87},[65,132856,84],{"class":83},[65,132858,174],{"class":79},[65,132860,132861,132863,132865,132867],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,132862,1431],{"class":164},[65,132864,168],{"class":79},[65,132866,64873],{"class":147},[65,132868,174],{"class":79},[65,132870,132871,132873,132875],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,132872,1519],{"class":1405},[65,132874,41845],{"class":1368},[65,132876,1411],{"class":79},[65,132878,132879,132881,132883,132885,132888,132890],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,132880,1431],{"class":164},[65,132882,168],{"class":79},[65,132884,84],{"class":83},[65,132886,132887],{"class":87},"Substring not found",[65,132889,84],{"class":83},[65,132891,174],{"class":79},[20,132893,132894],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132896,41865,132897,144],{},[88,132898,1546,132900],{"href":132899},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132901,129253],{},[51,132903,132905,10729,132907],{"id":132904},"index-vs-find",[15,132906,58893],{},[15,132908,124277],{},[20,132910,132911,1048,132913,132915],{},[15,132912,58893],{},[15,132914,124277],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1059,132917,132918],{"id":35760},[15,132919,58893],{},[30,132921,132922,132925],{},[33,132923,132924],{},"Returns the first match position",[33,132926,132927],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[56,132929,132931],{"className":58,"code":132930,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132932,132933,132945,132969],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132934,132935,132937,132939,132941,132943],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132936,34600],{"class":71},[65,132938,76],{"class":75},[65,132940,103],{"class":83},[65,132942,3998],{"class":87},[65,132944,1650],{"class":83},[65,132946,132947,132949,132951,132953,132955,132957,132959,132961,132963,132965,132967],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,132948,165],{"class":164},[65,132950,168],{"class":79},[65,132952,34621],{"class":147},[65,132954,144],{"class":79},[65,132956,35760],{"class":147},[65,132958,168],{"class":79},[65,132960,84],{"class":83},[65,132962,60373],{"class":87},[65,132964,84],{"class":83},[65,132966,5513],{"class":79},[65,132968,27883],{"class":3816},[65,132970,132971],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,132972,132973],{"class":3816},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1059,132975,132976],{"id":128307},[15,132977,124277],{},[30,132979,132980,132982],{},[33,132981,132924],{},[33,132983,11566,132984,132986],{},[15,132985,65781],{}," if nothing is found",[56,132988,132990],{"className":58,"code":132989,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132991,132992,133004,133028],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,132993,132994,132996,132998,133000,133002],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,132995,34600],{"class":71},[65,132997,76],{"class":75},[65,132999,103],{"class":83},[65,133001,3998],{"class":87},[65,133003,1650],{"class":83},[65,133005,133006,133008,133010,133012,133014,133016,133018,133020,133022,133024,133026],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,133007,165],{"class":164},[65,133009,168],{"class":79},[65,133011,34621],{"class":147},[65,133013,144],{"class":79},[65,133015,128307],{"class":147},[65,133017,168],{"class":79},[65,133019,84],{"class":83},[65,133021,60373],{"class":87},[65,133023,84],{"class":83},[65,133025,5513],{"class":79},[65,133027,27883],{"class":3816},[65,133029,133030,133032,133034,133036,133038,133040,133042,133044,133046,133048,133050],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,133031,165],{"class":164},[65,133033,168],{"class":79},[65,133035,34621],{"class":147},[65,133037,144],{"class":79},[65,133039,128307],{"class":147},[65,133041,168],{"class":79},[65,133043,84],{"class":83},[65,133045,957],{"class":87},[65,133047,84],{"class":83},[65,133049,5513],{"class":79},[65,133051,128663],{"class":3816},[20,133053,1309,133054,133056],{},[15,133055,58893],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133058,1309,133059,133061],{},[15,133060,124277],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133063,133064,133065,3024,133070,144],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[88,133066,133067,133069],{"href":129926},[15,133068,132798],{}," method reference",[88,133071,127318],{"href":133072},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[51,133074,1766],{"id":1765},[20,133076,133077,133078,93],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133079,58893],{},[30,133081,133082,133085,133092,133097,133102],{},[33,133083,133084],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[33,133086,1792,133087,8606,133089,133091],{},[15,133088,58893],{},[15,133090,65781],{}," when no match exists",[33,133093,8569,133094,133096],{},[15,133095,58893],{}," on a value that may not be present",[33,133098,133099,133100],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133101,3135],{},[33,133103,4736,133104,133106],{},[15,133105,58893],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133108,62221],{},[56,133110,133112],{"className":58,"code":133111,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133113,133114,133124,133138,133160,133182],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133115,133116,133118,133120,133122],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133117,165],{"class":164},[65,133119,168],{"class":79},[65,133121,34621],{"class":147},[65,133123,174],{"class":79},[65,133125,133126,133128,133130,133132,133134,133136],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,133127,165],{"class":164},[65,133129,168],{"class":79},[65,133131,41698],{"class":164},[65,133133,168],{"class":79},[65,133135,34621],{"class":147},[65,133137,1870],{"class":79},[65,133139,133140,133142,133144,133146,133148,133150,133152,133154,133156,133158],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,133141,165],{"class":164},[65,133143,168],{"class":79},[65,133145,34621],{"class":147},[65,133147,144],{"class":79},[65,133149,35760],{"class":147},[65,133151,168],{"class":79},[65,133153,84],{"class":83},[65,133155,1714],{"class":87},[65,133157,84],{"class":83},[65,133159,1870],{"class":79},[65,133161,133162,133164,133166,133168,133170,133172,133174,133176,133178,133180],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,133163,165],{"class":164},[65,133165,168],{"class":79},[65,133167,34621],{"class":147},[65,133169,144],{"class":79},[65,133171,128307],{"class":147},[65,133173,168],{"class":79},[65,133175,84],{"class":83},[65,133177,1714],{"class":87},[65,133179,84],{"class":83},[65,133181,1870],{"class":79},[65,133183,133184,133186,133188,133190,133192,133194,133196,133198,133200,133202,133204,133206,133208,133210],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,133185,165],{"class":164},[65,133187,168],{"class":79},[65,133189,34621],{"class":147},[65,133191,144],{"class":79},[65,133193,35760],{"class":147},[65,133195,168],{"class":79},[65,133197,84],{"class":83},[65,133199,1714],{"class":87},[65,133201,84],{"class":83},[65,133203,100],{"class":79},[65,133205,35966],{"class":147},[65,133207,100],{"class":79},[65,133209,64967],{"class":147},[65,133211,1870],{"class":79},[20,133213,133214],{},"Tips:",[30,133216,133217,133222,133227,133230],{},[33,133218,1309,133219,133221],{},[15,133220,126204],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[33,133223,1309,133224,133226],{},[15,133225,124277],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[33,133228,133229],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,133231,133232,133233],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133234,2267],{},[51,133236,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,133238,129786,133240,12849],{"id":133239},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133241,58893],{},[20,133243,133244],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1059,133246,133248],{"id":133247},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133250,76785,133251,144],{},[15,133252,40622],{},[1059,133254,5330,133256,1048,133258,2637],{"id":133255},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133257,58893],{},[15,133259,124277],{},[20,133261,133262,133264,133265,2543,133267,328],{},[15,133263,58893],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133266,124277],{},[15,133268,65781],{},[1059,133270,5320,133272,133274],{"id":133271},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133273,58893],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133276,133277],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1059,133279,133281,133282,124618],{"id":133280},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133283,58893],{},[20,133285,129811],{},[51,133287,2015],{"id":2014},[30,133289,133290,133296,133300,133305,133311],{},[33,133291,133292],{},[88,133293,133294,10885],{"href":129926},[15,133295,132798],{},[33,133297,133298],{},[88,133299,124681],{"href":133072},[33,133301,133302],{},[88,133303,129887],{"href":133304},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[33,133306,133307],{},[88,133308,133309,10885],{"href":124732},[15,133310,58515],{},[33,133312,133313],{},[88,133314,2067,133315],{"href":132899},[15,133316,129253],{},[2071,133318,133319],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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index() causes an error",{"id":132904,"depth":133,"text":133331,"children":133332},"index() vs find()",[133333,133334],{"id":35760,"depth":154,"text":58893},{"id":128307,"depth":154,"text":124277},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":133337},[133338,133340,133341,133343,133345],{"id":133239,"depth":154,"text":133339},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133247,"depth":154,"text":133248},{"id":133255,"depth":154,"text":133342},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133271,"depth":154,"text":133344},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133280,"depth":154,"text":133346},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131867,"description":133348},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133355,"title":133356,"body":133357,"description":136132,"extension":2111,"meta":136133,"navigation":157,"path":136134,"seo":136135,"stem":136136,"__hash__":136137},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133358,"toc":136068},[133359,133365,133370,133373,133376,133387,133389,133458,133460,133474,133479,133484,133489,133491,133534,133536,133619,133621,133667,133673,133675,133677,133697,133699,133722,133724,133798,133800,133819,133824,133826,133830,133902,133904,133918,133922,133998,134000,134019,134023,134117,134119,134128,134135,134211,134213,134231,134235,134238,134245,134294,134296,134305,134312,134371,134373,134391,134394,134401,134460,134462,134480,134487,134544,134546,134555,134559,134564,134568,134627,134629,134647,134651,134698,134703,134706,134775,134777,134794,134801,134807,134862,134867,134870,134947,134949,134967,134973,134979,135039,135041,135060,135066,135069,135076,135129,135134,135136,135197,135206,135213,135215,135272,135277,135279,135350,135354,135409,135411,135420,135425,135431,135500,135502,135534,135540,135548,135555,135561,135626,135628,135637,135643,135724,135726,135735,135740,135754,135761,135765,135770,135798,135800,135933,135936,135973,135975,135981,135990,135995,135998,136003,136008,136014,136017,136026,136029,136031,136060,136065],[10,133360,123282,133362,18],{"id":133361},"python-string-join-method",[15,133363,133364],{},"join()",[20,133366,123287,133367,133369],{},[15,133368,133364],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133371,133372],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133374,133375],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[30,133377,133378,133384],{},[33,133379,133380,133381,133383],{},"You call ",[15,133382,133364],{}," on the separator string",[33,133385,133386],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[51,133388,3758],{"id":3757},[56,133390,133392],{"className":58,"code":133391,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133393,133394,133427,133448],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133395,133396,133398,133400,133402,133404,133406,133408,133410,133412,133414,133416,133418,133420,133423,133425],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133397,4225],{"class":71},[65,133399,76],{"class":75},[65,133401,3773],{"class":79},[65,133403,84],{"class":83},[65,133405,7446],{"class":87},[65,133407,84],{"class":83},[65,133409,100],{"class":79},[65,133411,103],{"class":83},[65,133413,12329],{"class":87},[65,133415,84],{"class":83},[65,133417,100],{"class":79},[65,133419,103],{"class":83},[65,133421,133422],{"class":87},"fun",[65,133424,84],{"class":83},[65,133426,3786],{"class":79},[65,133428,133429,133431,133433,133435,133437,133439,133442,133444,133446],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,133430,401],{"class":71},[65,133432,76],{"class":75},[65,133434,103],{"class":83},[65,133436,103],{"class":83},[65,133438,144],{"class":79},[65,133440,133441],{"class":147},"join",[65,133443,168],{"class":79},[65,133445,4269],{"class":147},[65,133447,174],{"class":79},[65,133449,133450,133452,133454,133456],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,133451,165],{"class":164},[65,133453,168],{"class":79},[65,133455,425],{"class":147},[65,133457,174],{"class":79},[20,133459,191],{},[56,133461,133463],{"className":58,"code":133462,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Python is fun\n",[15,133464,133465],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133466,133467,133469,133471],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133468,3724],{"class":71},[65,133470,12329],{"class":75},[65,133472,133473],{"class":71}," fun\n",[20,133475,1309,133476,133478],{},[15,133477,133364],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[51,133480,252,133482,255],{"id":133481},"what-join-does",[15,133483,133364],{},[20,133485,133486,133488],{},[15,133487,133364],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133490,302],{},[30,133492,133493,133500,133528,133531],{},[33,133494,133495,133496,133499],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133497,133498],{},".join()"," as the separator",[33,133501,133502,133503],{},"Common separators are:\n",[30,133504,133505,133511,133517,133523],{},[33,133506,133507,133510],{},[15,133508,133509],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[33,133512,133513,133516],{},[15,133514,133515],{},"\", \""," for commas",[33,133518,133519,133522],{},[15,133520,133521],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[33,133524,133525,133527],{},[15,133526,6425],{}," for no separator",[33,133529,133530],{},"It returns a new string",[33,133532,133533],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133535,350],{},[56,133537,133539],{"className":58,"code":133538,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133540,133541,133573,133595,133599,133609],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133542,133543,133545,133547,133549,133551,133553,133555,133557,133559,133561,133563,133565,133567,133569,133571],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133544,4225],{"class":71},[65,133546,76],{"class":75},[65,133548,3773],{"class":79},[65,133550,84],{"class":83},[65,133552,13223],{"class":87},[65,133554,84],{"class":83},[65,133556,100],{"class":79},[65,133558,103],{"class":83},[65,133560,17570],{"class":87},[65,133562,84],{"class":83},[65,133564,100],{"class":79},[65,133566,103],{"class":83},[65,133568,13240],{"class":87},[65,133570,84],{"class":83},[65,133572,3786],{"class":79},[65,133574,133575,133577,133579,133581,133583,133585,133587,133589,133591,133593],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,133576,401],{"class":71},[65,133578,76],{"class":75},[65,133580,103],{"class":83},[65,133582,1028],{"class":87},[65,133584,84],{"class":83},[65,133586,144],{"class":79},[65,133588,133441],{"class":147},[65,133590,168],{"class":79},[65,133592,4269],{"class":147},[65,133594,174],{"class":79},[65,133596,133597],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,133598,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,133600,133601,133603,133605,133607],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,133602,165],{"class":164},[65,133604,168],{"class":79},[65,133606,425],{"class":147},[65,133608,174],{"class":79},[65,133610,133611,133613,133615,133617],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,133612,165],{"class":164},[65,133614,168],{"class":79},[65,133616,4269],{"class":147},[65,133618,174],{"class":79},[20,133620,191],{},[56,133622,133624],{"className":58,"code":133623,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133625,133626,133639],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133627,133628,133630,133632,133635,133637],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133629,13223],{"class":71},[65,133631,100],{"class":79},[65,133633,133634],{"class":71}," green",[65,133636,100],{"class":79},[65,133638,35795],{"class":71},[65,133640,133641,133643,133645,133647,133649,133651,133653,133655,133657,133659,133661,133663,133665],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,133642,4054],{"class":79},[65,133644,203],{"class":83},[65,133646,13223],{"class":87},[65,133648,203],{"class":83},[65,133650,100],{"class":79},[65,133652,233],{"class":83},[65,133654,17570],{"class":87},[65,133656,203],{"class":83},[65,133658,100],{"class":79},[65,133660,233],{"class":83},[65,133662,13240],{"class":87},[65,133664,203],{"class":83},[65,133666,3786],{"class":79},[20,133668,133669,133670,133672],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133671,133364],{}," creates a new string.",[51,133674,283],{"id":282},[20,133676,7367],{},[56,133678,133680],{"className":58,"code":133679,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133681,133682],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133683,133684,133687,133689,133691,133693,133695],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133685,133686],{"class":71},"separator",[65,133688,144],{"class":79},[65,133690,133441],{"class":147},[65,133692,168],{"class":79},[65,133694,3872],{"class":147},[65,133696,174],{"class":79},[1059,133698,48932],{"id":48931},[30,133700,133701,133714,133719],{},[33,133702,133703,133705,133706,1028,133708,1028,133710,2339,133712],{},[15,133704,133686],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133707,133509],{},[15,133709,133515],{},[15,133711,133521],{},[15,133713,6425],{},[33,133715,133716,133718],{},[15,133717,3872],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[33,133720,133721],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133723,350],{},[56,133725,133727],{"className":58,"code":133726,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133728,133729,133761,133784,133788],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133730,133731,133733,133735,133737,133739,133741,133743,133745,133747,133749,133751,133753,133755,133757,133759],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133732,5150],{"class":71},[65,133734,76],{"class":75},[65,133736,3773],{"class":79},[65,133738,84],{"class":83},[65,133740,542],{"class":87},[65,133742,84],{"class":83},[65,133744,100],{"class":79},[65,133746,103],{"class":83},[65,133748,35855],{"class":87},[65,133750,84],{"class":83},[65,133752,100],{"class":79},[65,133754,103],{"class":83},[65,133756,35864],{"class":87},[65,133758,84],{"class":83},[65,133760,3786],{"class":79},[65,133762,133763,133765,133767,133769,133772,133774,133776,133778,133780,133782],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,133764,401],{"class":71},[65,133766,76],{"class":75},[65,133768,103],{"class":83},[65,133770,133771],{"class":87}," | ",[65,133773,84],{"class":83},[65,133775,144],{"class":79},[65,133777,133441],{"class":147},[65,133779,168],{"class":79},[65,133781,5193],{"class":147},[65,133783,174],{"class":79},[65,133785,133786],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,133787,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,133789,133790,133792,133794,133796],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,133791,165],{"class":164},[65,133793,168],{"class":79},[65,133795,425],{"class":147},[65,133797,174],{"class":79},[20,133799,191],{},[56,133801,133803],{"className":58,"code":133802,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133804,133805],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133806,133807,133810,133812,133815,133817],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133808,133809],{"class":71},"Ana ",[65,133811,113789],{"class":75},[65,133813,133814],{"class":71}," Ben ",[65,133816,113789],{"class":75},[65,133818,35936],{"class":71},[20,133820,133821,133822,144],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[88,133823,125037],{"href":50898},[51,133825,121813],{"id":121812},[1059,133827,133829],{"id":133828},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[56,133831,133833],{"className":58,"code":133832,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133834,133835,133868,133888,133892],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133836,133837,133839,133841,133843,133845,133847,133849,133851,133853,133855,133857,133859,133861,133864,133866],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133838,4225],{"class":71},[65,133840,76],{"class":75},[65,133842,3773],{"class":79},[65,133844,84],{"class":83},[65,133846,7446],{"class":87},[65,133848,84],{"class":83},[65,133850,100],{"class":79},[65,133852,103],{"class":83},[65,133854,12329],{"class":87},[65,133856,84],{"class":83},[65,133858,100],{"class":79},[65,133860,103],{"class":83},[65,133862,133863],{"class":87},"easy",[65,133865,84],{"class":83},[65,133867,3786],{"class":79},[65,133869,133870,133872,133874,133876,133878,133880,133882,133884,133886],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,133871,401],{"class":71},[65,133873,76],{"class":75},[65,133875,103],{"class":83},[65,133877,103],{"class":83},[65,133879,144],{"class":79},[65,133881,133441],{"class":147},[65,133883,168],{"class":79},[65,133885,4269],{"class":147},[65,133887,174],{"class":79},[65,133889,133890],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,133891,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,133893,133894,133896,133898,133900],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,133895,165],{"class":164},[65,133897,168],{"class":79},[65,133899,425],{"class":147},[65,133901,174],{"class":79},[20,133903,191],{},[56,133905,133907],{"className":58,"code":133906,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Python is easy\n",[15,133908,133909],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133910,133911,133913,133915],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133912,3724],{"class":71},[65,133914,12329],{"class":75},[65,133916,133917],{"class":71}," easy\n",[1059,133919,133921],{"id":133920},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[56,133923,133925],{"className":58,"code":133924,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133926,133927,133962,133984,133988],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,133928,133929,133931,133933,133935,133937,133940,133942,133944,133946,133949,133951,133953,133955,133958,133960],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,133930,7929],{"class":71},[65,133932,76],{"class":75},[65,133934,3773],{"class":79},[65,133936,84],{"class":83},[65,133938,133939],{"class":87},"apples",[65,133941,84],{"class":83},[65,133943,100],{"class":79},[65,133945,103],{"class":83},[65,133947,133948],{"class":87},"bananas",[65,133950,84],{"class":83},[65,133952,100],{"class":79},[65,133954,103],{"class":83},[65,133956,133957],{"class":87},"oranges",[65,133959,84],{"class":83},[65,133961,3786],{"class":79},[65,133963,133964,133966,133968,133970,133972,133974,133976,133978,133980,133982],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,133965,401],{"class":71},[65,133967,76],{"class":75},[65,133969,103],{"class":83},[65,133971,1028],{"class":87},[65,133973,84],{"class":83},[65,133975,144],{"class":79},[65,133977,133441],{"class":147},[65,133979,168],{"class":79},[65,133981,7960],{"class":147},[65,133983,174],{"class":79},[65,133985,133986],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,133987,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,133989,133990,133992,133994,133996],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,133991,165],{"class":164},[65,133993,168],{"class":79},[65,133995,425],{"class":147},[65,133997,174],{"class":79},[20,133999,191],{},[56,134001,134003],{"className":58,"code":134002,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134004,134005],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134006,134007,134009,134011,134014,134016],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134008,133939],{"class":71},[65,134010,100],{"class":79},[65,134012,134013],{"class":71}," bananas",[65,134015,100],{"class":79},[65,134017,134018],{"class":71}," oranges\n",[1059,134020,134022],{"id":134021},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[56,134024,134026],{"className":58,"code":134025,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134027,134028,134085,134103,134107],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134029,134030,134032,134034,134036,134038,134041,134043,134045,134047,134049,134051,134053,134055,134057,134059,134061,134063,134065,134067,134069,134071,134073,134075,134077,134079,134081,134083],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134031,36005],{"class":71},[65,134033,76],{"class":75},[65,134035,3773],{"class":79},[65,134037,84],{"class":83},[65,134039,134040],{"class":87},"P",[65,134042,84],{"class":83},[65,134044,100],{"class":79},[65,134046,103],{"class":83},[65,134048,944],{"class":87},[65,134050,84],{"class":83},[65,134052,100],{"class":79},[65,134054,103],{"class":83},[65,134056,63213],{"class":87},[65,134058,84],{"class":83},[65,134060,100],{"class":79},[65,134062,103],{"class":83},[65,134064,60364],{"class":87},[65,134066,84],{"class":83},[65,134068,100],{"class":79},[65,134070,103],{"class":83},[65,134072,60399],{"class":87},[65,134074,84],{"class":83},[65,134076,100],{"class":79},[65,134078,103],{"class":83},[65,134080,75957],{"class":87},[65,134082,84],{"class":83},[65,134084,3786],{"class":79},[65,134086,134087,134089,134091,134093,134095,134097,134099,134101],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,134088,401],{"class":71},[65,134090,76],{"class":75},[65,134092,6279],{"class":83},[65,134094,144],{"class":79},[65,134096,133441],{"class":147},[65,134098,168],{"class":79},[65,134100,36058],{"class":147},[65,134102,174],{"class":79},[65,134104,134105],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,134106,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,134108,134109,134111,134113,134115],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,134110,165],{"class":164},[65,134112,168],{"class":79},[65,134114,425],{"class":147},[65,134116,174],{"class":79},[20,134118,191],{},[56,134120,134122],{"className":58,"code":134121,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Python\n",[15,134123,134124],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134125,134126],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134127,134121],{"class":71},[1059,134129,134131,134132,134134],{"id":134130},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134133,133364],{}," returns the result",[56,134136,134138],{"className":58,"code":134137,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134139,134140,134173,134196,134200],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134141,134142,134144,134146,134148,134150,134152,134154,134156,134158,134160,134162,134164,134166,134169,134171],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134143,4225],{"class":71},[65,134145,76],{"class":75},[65,134147,3773],{"class":79},[65,134149,84],{"class":83},[65,134151,6736],{"class":87},[65,134153,84],{"class":83},[65,134155,100],{"class":79},[65,134157,103],{"class":83},[65,134159,79198],{"class":87},[65,134161,84],{"class":83},[65,134163,100],{"class":79},[65,134165,103],{"class":83},[65,134167,134168],{"class":87},"three",[65,134170,84],{"class":83},[65,134172,3786],{"class":79},[65,134174,134175,134178,134180,134182,134184,134186,134188,134190,134192,134194],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,134176,134177],{"class":71},"joined_text ",[65,134179,76],{"class":75},[65,134181,103],{"class":83},[65,134183,2169],{"class":87},[65,134185,84],{"class":83},[65,134187,144],{"class":79},[65,134189,133441],{"class":147},[65,134191,168],{"class":79},[65,134193,4269],{"class":147},[65,134195,174],{"class":79},[65,134197,134198],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,134199,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,134201,134202,134204,134206,134209],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,134203,165],{"class":164},[65,134205,168],{"class":79},[65,134207,134208],{"class":147},"joined_text",[65,134210,174],{"class":79},[20,134212,191],{},[56,134214,134216],{"className":58,"code":134215,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"one-two-three\n",[15,134217,134218],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134219,134220,134222,134224,134226,134228],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134221,6736],{"class":71},[65,134223,2169],{"class":75},[65,134225,79198],{"class":71},[65,134227,2169],{"class":75},[65,134229,134230],{"class":71},"three\n",[51,134232,134234],{"id":134233},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134236,134237],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1059,134239,134241,134244],{"id":134240},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134242,134243],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[56,134246,134248],{"className":58,"code":134247,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134249,134250,134274],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134251,134252,134254,134256,134258,134260,134262,134264,134266,134268,134270,134272],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134253,4225],{"class":71},[65,134255,76],{"class":75},[65,134257,3773],{"class":79},[65,134259,84],{"class":83},[65,134261,3998],{"class":87},[65,134263,84],{"class":83},[65,134265,100],{"class":79},[65,134267,103],{"class":83},[65,134269,60517],{"class":87},[65,134271,84],{"class":83},[65,134273,3786],{"class":79},[65,134275,134276,134278,134280,134282,134284,134286,134288,134290,134292],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,134277,165],{"class":164},[65,134279,168],{"class":79},[65,134281,84],{"class":83},[65,134283,103],{"class":83},[65,134285,144],{"class":79},[65,134287,133441],{"class":147},[65,134289,168],{"class":79},[65,134291,4269],{"class":147},[65,134293,1870],{"class":79},[20,134295,191],{},[56,134297,134299],{"className":58,"code":134298,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"hello world\n",[15,134300,134301],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134302,134303],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134304,134298],{"class":71},[1059,134306,134308,134311],{"id":134307},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134309,134310],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[56,134313,134315],{"className":58,"code":134314,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134316,134317,134349],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134318,134319,134321,134323,134325,134327,134329,134331,134333,134335,134337,134339,134341,134343,134345,134347],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134320,13206],{"class":71},[65,134322,76],{"class":75},[65,134324,3773],{"class":79},[65,134326,84],{"class":83},[65,134328,13223],{"class":87},[65,134330,84],{"class":83},[65,134332,100],{"class":79},[65,134334,103],{"class":83},[65,134336,13240],{"class":87},[65,134338,84],{"class":83},[65,134340,100],{"class":79},[65,134342,103],{"class":83},[65,134344,17570],{"class":87},[65,134346,84],{"class":83},[65,134348,3786],{"class":79},[65,134350,134351,134353,134355,134357,134359,134361,134363,134365,134367,134369],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,134352,165],{"class":164},[65,134354,168],{"class":79},[65,134356,84],{"class":83},[65,134358,1028],{"class":87},[65,134360,84],{"class":83},[65,134362,144],{"class":79},[65,134364,133441],{"class":147},[65,134366,168],{"class":79},[65,134368,17617],{"class":147},[65,134370,1870],{"class":79},[20,134372,191],{},[56,134374,134376],{"className":58,"code":134375,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134377,134378],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134379,134380,134382,134384,134387,134389],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134381,13223],{"class":71},[65,134383,100],{"class":79},[65,134385,134386],{"class":71}," blue",[65,134388,100],{"class":79},[65,134390,35788],{"class":71},[20,134392,134393],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1059,134395,134397,134400],{"id":134396},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134398,134399],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[56,134402,134404],{"className":58,"code":134403,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134405,134406,134438],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134407,134408,134410,134412,134414,134416,134418,134420,134422,134424,134426,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134409,42756],{"class":71},[65,134411,76],{"class":75},[65,134413,3773],{"class":79},[65,134415,84],{"class":83},[65,134417,60],{"class":87},[65,134419,84],{"class":83},[65,134421,100],{"class":79},[65,134423,103],{"class":83},[65,134425,61100],{"class":87},[65,134427,84],{"class":83},[65,134429,100],{"class":79},[65,134431,103],{"class":83},[65,134433,133441],{"class":87},[65,134435,84],{"class":83},[65,134437,3786],{"class":79},[65,134439,134440,134442,134444,134446,134448,134450,134452,134454,134456,134458],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,134441,165],{"class":164},[65,134443,168],{"class":79},[65,134445,84],{"class":83},[65,134447,2169],{"class":87},[65,134449,84],{"class":83},[65,134451,144],{"class":79},[65,134453,133441],{"class":147},[65,134455,168],{"class":79},[65,134457,42788],{"class":147},[65,134459,1870],{"class":79},[20,134461,191],{},[56,134463,134465],{"className":58,"code":134464,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"python-string-join\n",[15,134466,134467],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134468,134469,134471,134473,134475,134477],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134470,60],{"class":71},[65,134472,2169],{"class":75},[65,134474,61100],{"class":71},[65,134476,2169],{"class":75},[65,134478,134479],{"class":71},"join\n",[1059,134481,134483,134486],{"id":134482},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134484,134485],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[56,134488,134490],{"className":58,"code":134489,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134491,134492,134525],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134493,134494,134496,134498,134500,134502,134504,134506,134508,134510,134512,134514,134516,134518,134521,134523],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134495,112861],{"class":71},[65,134497,76],{"class":75},[65,134499,3773],{"class":79},[65,134501,84],{"class":83},[65,134503,22355],{"class":87},[65,134505,84],{"class":83},[65,134507,100],{"class":79},[65,134509,103],{"class":83},[65,134511,30510],{"class":87},[65,134513,84],{"class":83},[65,134515,100],{"class":79},[65,134517,103],{"class":83},[65,134519,134520],{"class":87},"C",[65,134522,84],{"class":83},[65,134524,3786],{"class":79},[65,134526,134527,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537,134539,134542],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,134528,165],{"class":164},[65,134530,168],{"class":79},[65,134532,6425],{"class":83},[65,134534,144],{"class":79},[65,134536,133441],{"class":147},[65,134538,168],{"class":79},[65,134540,134541],{"class":147},"chars",[65,134543,1870],{"class":79},[20,134545,191],{},[56,134547,134549],{"className":58,"code":134548,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"ABC\n",[15,134550,134551],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134552,134553],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134554,134548],{"class":34365},[51,134556,134558],{"id":134557},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134560,134561,134563],{},[15,134562,133364],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1059,134565,134567],{"id":134566},"this-works","This works",[56,134569,134571],{"className":58,"code":134570,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134572,134573,134605],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134574,134575,134577,134579,134581,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593,134595,134597,134599,134601,134603],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134576,3975],{"class":71},[65,134578,76],{"class":75},[65,134580,3773],{"class":79},[65,134582,84],{"class":83},[65,134584,2476],{"class":87},[65,134586,84],{"class":83},[65,134588,100],{"class":79},[65,134590,103],{"class":83},[65,134592,15876],{"class":87},[65,134594,84],{"class":83},[65,134596,100],{"class":79},[65,134598,103],{"class":83},[65,134600,36757],{"class":87},[65,134602,84],{"class":83},[65,134604,3786],{"class":79},[65,134606,134607,134609,134611,134613,134615,134617,134619,134621,134623,134625],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,134608,165],{"class":164},[65,134610,168],{"class":79},[65,134612,84],{"class":83},[65,134614,1028],{"class":87},[65,134616,84],{"class":83},[65,134618,144],{"class":79},[65,134620,133441],{"class":147},[65,134622,168],{"class":79},[65,134624,5510],{"class":147},[65,134626,1870],{"class":79},[20,134628,191],{},[56,134630,134632],{"className":58,"code":134631,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134633,134634],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134635,134636,134638,134640,134642,134644],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134637,2476],{"class":96},[65,134639,100],{"class":79},[65,134641,7940],{"class":96},[65,134643,100],{"class":79},[65,134645,134646],{"class":96}," 30\n",[1059,134648,134650],{"id":134649},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[56,134652,134654],{"className":58,"code":134653,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134655,134656,134676],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134657,134658,134660,134662,134664,134666,134668,134670,134672,134674],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134659,3975],{"class":71},[65,134661,76],{"class":75},[65,134663,3773],{"class":79},[65,134665,3135],{"class":96},[65,134667,100],{"class":79},[65,134669,113],{"class":96},[65,134671,100],{"class":79},[65,134673,127],{"class":96},[65,134675,3786],{"class":79},[65,134677,134678,134680,134682,134684,134686,134688,134690,134692,134694,134696],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,134679,165],{"class":164},[65,134681,168],{"class":79},[65,134683,84],{"class":83},[65,134685,1028],{"class":87},[65,134687,84],{"class":83},[65,134689,144],{"class":79},[65,134691,133441],{"class":147},[65,134693,168],{"class":79},[65,134695,5510],{"class":147},[65,134697,1870],{"class":79},[20,134699,90238,134700,134702],{},[15,134701,3152],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134704,134705],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[56,134707,134709],{"className":58,"code":134708,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134710,134711,134731,134761,134765],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134712,134713,134715,134717,134719,134721,134723,134725,134727,134729],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134714,3975],{"class":71},[65,134716,76],{"class":75},[65,134718,3773],{"class":79},[65,134720,3135],{"class":96},[65,134722,100],{"class":79},[65,134724,113],{"class":96},[65,134726,100],{"class":79},[65,134728,127],{"class":96},[65,134730,3786],{"class":79},[65,134732,134733,134735,134737,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747,134749,134751,134753,134755,134757,134759],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,134734,401],{"class":71},[65,134736,76],{"class":75},[65,134738,103],{"class":83},[65,134740,1028],{"class":87},[65,134742,84],{"class":83},[65,134744,144],{"class":79},[65,134746,133441],{"class":147},[65,134748,168],{"class":79},[65,134750,39777],{"class":164},[65,134752,168],{"class":79},[65,134754,3591],{"class":1368},[65,134756,100],{"class":79},[65,134758,4039],{"class":147},[65,134760,1870],{"class":79},[65,134762,134763],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,134764,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,134766,134767,134769,134771,134773],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,134768,165],{"class":164},[65,134770,168],{"class":79},[65,134772,425],{"class":147},[65,134774,174],{"class":79},[20,134776,191],{},[56,134778,134780],{"className":58,"code":134779,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134781,134782],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134783,134784,134786,134788,134790,134792],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134785,3135],{"class":96},[65,134787,100],{"class":79},[65,134789,113],{"class":96},[65,134791,100],{"class":79},[65,134793,2723],{"class":96},[20,134795,134796,134797,144],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[88,134798,3724,134799,3657],{"href":42094},[15,134800,47605],{},[1059,134802,134804,134806],{"id":134803},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134805,3930],{}," values do not work directly",[56,134808,134810],{"className":58,"code":134809,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134811,134812,134840],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134813,134814,134816,134818,134820,134822,134824,134826,134828,134830,134832,134834,134836,134838],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134815,3975],{"class":71},[65,134817,76],{"class":75},[65,134819,3773],{"class":79},[65,134821,84],{"class":83},[65,134823,4234],{"class":87},[65,134825,84],{"class":83},[65,134827,100],{"class":79},[65,134829,4006],{"class":4005},[65,134831,100],{"class":79},[65,134833,103],{"class":83},[65,134835,4243],{"class":87},[65,134837,84],{"class":83},[65,134839,3786],{"class":79},[65,134841,134842,134844,134846,134848,134850,134852,134854,134856,134858,134860],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,134843,165],{"class":164},[65,134845,168],{"class":79},[65,134847,84],{"class":83},[65,134849,1028],{"class":87},[65,134851,84],{"class":83},[65,134853,144],{"class":79},[65,134855,133441],{"class":147},[65,134857,168],{"class":79},[65,134859,5510],{"class":147},[65,134861,1870],{"class":79},[20,134863,134864,134865,144],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134866,3152],{},[20,134868,134869],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[56,134871,134873],{"className":58,"code":134872,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134874,134875,134903,134933,134937],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134876,134877,134879,134881,134883,134885,134887,134889,134891,134893,134895,134897,134899,134901],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134878,3975],{"class":71},[65,134880,76],{"class":75},[65,134882,3773],{"class":79},[65,134884,84],{"class":83},[65,134886,4234],{"class":87},[65,134888,84],{"class":83},[65,134890,100],{"class":79},[65,134892,4006],{"class":4005},[65,134894,100],{"class":79},[65,134896,103],{"class":83},[65,134898,4243],{"class":87},[65,134900,84],{"class":83},[65,134902,3786],{"class":79},[65,134904,134905,134907,134909,134911,134913,134915,134917,134919,134921,134923,134925,134927,134929,134931],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,134906,401],{"class":71},[65,134908,76],{"class":75},[65,134910,103],{"class":83},[65,134912,1028],{"class":87},[65,134914,84],{"class":83},[65,134916,144],{"class":79},[65,134918,133441],{"class":147},[65,134920,168],{"class":79},[65,134922,39777],{"class":164},[65,134924,168],{"class":79},[65,134926,3591],{"class":1368},[65,134928,100],{"class":79},[65,134930,4039],{"class":147},[65,134932,1870],{"class":79},[65,134934,134935],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,134936,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,134938,134939,134941,134943,134945],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,134940,165],{"class":164},[65,134942,168],{"class":79},[65,134944,425],{"class":147},[65,134946,174],{"class":79},[20,134948,191],{},[56,134950,134952],{"className":58,"code":134951,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134953,134954],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134955,134956,134958,134960,134962,134964],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134957,4234],{"class":71},[65,134959,100],{"class":79},[65,134961,4006],{"class":4005},[65,134963,100],{"class":79},[65,134965,134966],{"class":71}," banana\n",[20,134968,134969,134970,134972],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134971,3930],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1059,134974,134976,134978],{"id":134975},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134977,133364],{}," also works with tuples",[56,134980,134982],{"className":58,"code":134981,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134983,134984,135016],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,134985,134986,134988,134990,134992,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006,135008,135010,135012,135014],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,134987,5150],{"class":71},[65,134989,76],{"class":75},[65,134991,648],{"class":79},[65,134993,84],{"class":83},[65,134995,7826],{"class":87},[65,134997,84],{"class":83},[65,134999,100],{"class":79},[65,135001,103],{"class":83},[65,135003,131370],{"class":87},[65,135005,84],{"class":83},[65,135007,100],{"class":79},[65,135009,103],{"class":83},[65,135011,8072],{"class":87},[65,135013,84],{"class":83},[65,135015,174],{"class":79},[65,135017,135018,135020,135022,135024,135027,135029,135031,135033,135035,135037],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,135019,165],{"class":164},[65,135021,168],{"class":79},[65,135023,84],{"class":83},[65,135025,135026],{"class":87}," \u002F ",[65,135028,84],{"class":83},[65,135030,144],{"class":79},[65,135032,133441],{"class":147},[65,135034,168],{"class":79},[65,135036,5193],{"class":147},[65,135038,1870],{"class":79},[20,135040,191],{},[56,135042,135044],{"className":58,"code":135043,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135045,135046],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135047,135048,135051,135053,135056,135058],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135049,135050],{"class":71},"Sam ",[65,135052,127174],{"class":75},[65,135054,135055],{"class":71}," Lee ",[65,135057,127174],{"class":75},[65,135059,22441],{"class":71},[51,135061,135063,135064],{"id":135062},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135065,133364],{},[20,135067,135068],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1059,135070,135072,135073,135075],{"id":135071},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135074,3152],{}," because not all items are strings",[56,135077,135079],{"className":58,"code":135078,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135080,135081,135109],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135082,135083,135085,135087,135089,135091,135093,135095,135097,135099,135101,135103,135105,135107],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135084,7929],{"class":71},[65,135086,76],{"class":75},[65,135088,3773],{"class":79},[65,135090,84],{"class":83},[65,135092,88],{"class":87},[65,135094,84],{"class":83},[65,135096,100],{"class":79},[65,135098,113],{"class":96},[65,135100,100],{"class":79},[65,135102,103],{"class":83},[65,135104,120],{"class":87},[65,135106,84],{"class":83},[65,135108,3786],{"class":79},[65,135110,135111,135113,135115,135117,135119,135121,135123,135125,135127],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,135112,165],{"class":164},[65,135114,168],{"class":79},[65,135116,84],{"class":83},[65,135118,103],{"class":83},[65,135120,144],{"class":79},[65,135122,133441],{"class":147},[65,135124,168],{"class":79},[65,135126,7960],{"class":147},[65,135128,1870],{"class":79},[20,135130,48432,135131,135133],{},[15,135132,2204],{}," is an integer.",[20,135135,39179],{},[56,135137,135139],{"className":58,"code":135138,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135140,135141,135169],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135142,135143,135145,135147,135149,135151,135153,135155,135157,135159,135161,135163,135165,135167],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135144,7929],{"class":71},[65,135146,76],{"class":75},[65,135148,3773],{"class":79},[65,135150,84],{"class":83},[65,135152,88],{"class":87},[65,135154,84],{"class":83},[65,135156,100],{"class":79},[65,135158,113],{"class":96},[65,135160,100],{"class":79},[65,135162,103],{"class":83},[65,135164,120],{"class":87},[65,135166,84],{"class":83},[65,135168,3786],{"class":79},[65,135170,135171,135173,135175,135177,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187,135189,135191,135193,135195],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,135172,165],{"class":164},[65,135174,168],{"class":79},[65,135176,84],{"class":83},[65,135178,103],{"class":83},[65,135180,144],{"class":79},[65,135182,133441],{"class":147},[65,135184,168],{"class":79},[65,135186,39777],{"class":164},[65,135188,168],{"class":79},[65,135190,3591],{"class":1368},[65,135192,100],{"class":79},[65,135194,6118],{"class":147},[65,135196,3058],{"class":79},[20,135198,135199,135200,144],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[88,135201,1546,135203],{"href":135202},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135204,135205],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1059,135207,135209,135210,135212],{"id":135208},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135211,133364],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135214,4682],{},[56,135216,135218],{"className":58,"code":135217,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135219,135220,135252],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135221,135222,135224,135226,135228,135230,135232,135234,135236,135238,135240,135242,135244,135246,135248,135250],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135223,4225],{"class":71},[65,135225,76],{"class":75},[65,135227,3773],{"class":79},[65,135229,84],{"class":83},[65,135231,7446],{"class":87},[65,135233,84],{"class":83},[65,135235,100],{"class":79},[65,135237,103],{"class":83},[65,135239,12329],{"class":87},[65,135241,84],{"class":83},[65,135243,100],{"class":79},[65,135245,103],{"class":83},[65,135247,133422],{"class":87},[65,135249,84],{"class":83},[65,135251,3786],{"class":79},[65,135253,135254,135256,135258,135260,135262,135264,135266,135268,135270],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,135255,401],{"class":71},[65,135257,76],{"class":75},[65,135259,6321],{"class":71},[65,135261,144],{"class":79},[65,135263,133441],{"class":147},[65,135265,168],{"class":79},[65,135267,84],{"class":83},[65,135269,103],{"class":83},[65,135271,174],{"class":79},[20,135273,135274,135276],{},[15,135275,133364],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135278,10952],{},[56,135280,135282],{"className":58,"code":135281,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135283,135284,135316,135336,135340],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135285,135286,135288,135290,135292,135294,135296,135298,135300,135302,135304,135306,135308,135310,135312,135314],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135287,4225],{"class":71},[65,135289,76],{"class":75},[65,135291,3773],{"class":79},[65,135293,84],{"class":83},[65,135295,7446],{"class":87},[65,135297,84],{"class":83},[65,135299,100],{"class":79},[65,135301,103],{"class":83},[65,135303,12329],{"class":87},[65,135305,84],{"class":83},[65,135307,100],{"class":79},[65,135309,103],{"class":83},[65,135311,133422],{"class":87},[65,135313,84],{"class":83},[65,135315,3786],{"class":79},[65,135317,135318,135320,135322,135324,135326,135328,135330,135332,135334],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,135319,401],{"class":71},[65,135321,76],{"class":75},[65,135323,103],{"class":83},[65,135325,103],{"class":83},[65,135327,144],{"class":79},[65,135329,133441],{"class":147},[65,135331,168],{"class":79},[65,135333,4269],{"class":147},[65,135335,174],{"class":79},[65,135337,135338],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,135339,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,135341,135342,135344,135346,135348],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,135343,165],{"class":164},[65,135345,168],{"class":79},[65,135347,425],{"class":147},[65,135349,174],{"class":79},[1059,135351,135353],{"id":135352},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[56,135355,135357],{"className":58,"code":135356,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135358,135359,135391],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135360,135361,135363,135365,135367,135369,135371,135373,135375,135377,135379,135381,135383,135385,135387,135389],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135362,4225],{"class":71},[65,135364,76],{"class":75},[65,135366,3773],{"class":79},[65,135368,84],{"class":83},[65,135370,6736],{"class":87},[65,135372,84],{"class":83},[65,135374,100],{"class":79},[65,135376,103],{"class":83},[65,135378,79198],{"class":87},[65,135380,84],{"class":83},[65,135382,100],{"class":79},[65,135384,103],{"class":83},[65,135386,134168],{"class":87},[65,135388,84],{"class":83},[65,135390,3786],{"class":79},[65,135392,135393,135395,135397,135399,135401,135403,135405,135407],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,135394,165],{"class":164},[65,135396,168],{"class":79},[65,135398,6425],{"class":83},[65,135400,144],{"class":79},[65,135402,133441],{"class":147},[65,135404,168],{"class":79},[65,135406,4269],{"class":147},[65,135408,1870],{"class":79},[20,135410,191],{},[56,135412,135414],{"className":58,"code":135413,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"onetwothree\n",[15,135415,135416],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135417,135418],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135419,135413],{"class":71},[20,135421,135422,135423,328],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135424,133509],{},[1059,135426,135428,135429,131632],{"id":135427},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135430,133364],{},[56,135432,135434],{"className":58,"code":135433,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135435,135436,135468,135486,135490],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135437,135438,135440,135442,135444,135446,135448,135450,135452,135454,135456,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135439,4225],{"class":71},[65,135441,76],{"class":75},[65,135443,3773],{"class":79},[65,135445,84],{"class":83},[65,135447,88],{"class":87},[65,135449,84],{"class":83},[65,135451,100],{"class":79},[65,135453,103],{"class":83},[65,135455,106],{"class":87},[65,135457,84],{"class":83},[65,135459,100],{"class":79},[65,135461,103],{"class":83},[65,135463,120],{"class":87},[65,135465,84],{"class":83},[65,135467,3786],{"class":79},[65,135469,135470,135472,135474,135476,135478,135480,135482,135484],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,135471,84],{"class":43248},[65,135473,2169],{"class":43252},[65,135475,84],{"class":43248},[65,135477,144],{"class":79},[65,135479,133441],{"class":147},[65,135481,168],{"class":79},[65,135483,4269],{"class":147},[65,135485,174],{"class":79},[65,135487,135488],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,135489,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,135491,135492,135494,135496,135498],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,135493,165],{"class":164},[65,135495,168],{"class":79},[65,135497,4269],{"class":147},[65,135499,174],{"class":79},[20,135501,191],{},[56,135503,135504],{"className":58,"code":42795,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,135505,135506],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135507,135508,135510,135512,135514,135516,135518,135520,135522,135524,135526,135528,135530,135532],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135509,4054],{"class":79},[65,135511,203],{"class":83},[65,135513,88],{"class":87},[65,135515,203],{"class":83},[65,135517,100],{"class":79},[65,135519,233],{"class":83},[65,135521,106],{"class":87},[65,135523,203],{"class":83},[65,135525,100],{"class":79},[65,135527,233],{"class":83},[65,135529,120],{"class":87},[65,135531,203],{"class":83},[65,135533,3786],{"class":79},[20,135535,135536,135537,135539],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135538,133364],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[51,135541,135543,135545,135546],{"id":135542},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135544,133364],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135547,2207],{},[20,135549,10734,135550,1048,135552,135554],{},[15,135551,133364],{},[15,135553,2207],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1059,135556,1309,135558,135560],{"id":135557},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135559,2207],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[56,135562,135564],{"className":58,"code":135563,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135565,135566,135579,135592,135612,135616],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135567,135568,135571,135573,135575,135577],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135569,135570],{"class":71},"first ",[65,135572,76],{"class":75},[65,135574,103],{"class":83},[65,135576,34780],{"class":87},[65,135578,1650],{"class":83},[65,135580,135581,135584,135586,135588,135590],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,135582,135583],{"class":71},"second ",[65,135585,76],{"class":75},[65,135587,103],{"class":83},[65,135589,89667],{"class":87},[65,135591,1650],{"class":83},[65,135593,135594,135596,135598,135601,135603,135605,135607,135609],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,135595,401],{"class":71},[65,135597,76],{"class":75},[65,135599,135600],{"class":71}," first ",[65,135602,2207],{"class":75},[65,135604,103],{"class":83},[65,135606,103],{"class":83},[65,135608,2599],{"class":75},[65,135610,135611],{"class":71}," second\n",[65,135613,135614],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,135615,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,135617,135618,135620,135622,135624],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,135619,165],{"class":164},[65,135621,168],{"class":79},[65,135623,425],{"class":147},[65,135625,174],{"class":79},[20,135627,191],{},[56,135629,135631],{"className":58,"code":135630,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Hello World\n",[15,135632,135633],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135634,135635],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135636,135630],{"class":71},[1059,135638,1309,135640,135642],{"id":135639},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135641,133364],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[56,135644,135646],{"className":58,"code":135645,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135647,135648,135690,135710,135714],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135649,135650,135652,135654,135656,135658,135660,135662,135664,135666,135669,135671,135673,135675,135678,135680,135682,135684,135686,135688],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135651,4225],{"class":71},[65,135653,76],{"class":75},[65,135655,3773],{"class":79},[65,135657,84],{"class":83},[65,135659,7446],{"class":87},[65,135661,84],{"class":83},[65,135663,100],{"class":79},[65,135665,103],{"class":83},[65,135667,135668],{"class":87},"makes",[65,135670,84],{"class":83},[65,135672,100],{"class":79},[65,135674,103],{"class":83},[65,135676,135677],{"class":87},"this",[65,135679,84],{"class":83},[65,135681,100],{"class":79},[65,135683,103],{"class":83},[65,135685,133863],{"class":87},[65,135687,84],{"class":83},[65,135689,3786],{"class":79},[65,135691,135692,135694,135696,135698,135700,135702,135704,135706,135708],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,135693,401],{"class":71},[65,135695,76],{"class":75},[65,135697,103],{"class":83},[65,135699,103],{"class":83},[65,135701,144],{"class":79},[65,135703,133441],{"class":147},[65,135705,168],{"class":79},[65,135707,4269],{"class":147},[65,135709,174],{"class":79},[65,135711,135712],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,135713,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,135715,135716,135718,135720,135722],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,135717,165],{"class":164},[65,135719,168],{"class":79},[65,135721,425],{"class":147},[65,135723,174],{"class":79},[20,135725,191],{},[56,135727,135729],{"className":58,"code":135728,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135730,135731],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135732,135733],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135734,135728],{"class":71},[20,135736,135737,135739],{},[15,135738,133364],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[30,135741,135742,135745,135748],{},[33,135743,135744],{},"You already have a list of strings",[33,135746,135747],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[33,135749,135750,135751,135753],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135752,2207],{}," operators",[20,135755,135756,135757,144],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[88,135758,135760],{"href":135759},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[51,135762,135764],{"id":135763},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135766,9026,135767,135769],{},[15,135768,133364],{}," is not working, check these first:",[30,135771,135772,135775,135780,135789,135795],{},[33,135773,135774],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[33,135776,135777,135778],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135779,3930],{},[33,135781,135782,135783,11237,135786],{},"You may have written ",[15,135784,135785],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135787,135788],{},"string.join(...)",[33,135790,135791,135792,135794],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135793,133364],{}," to change the original iterable",[33,135796,135797],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135799,94307],{},[56,135801,135803],{"className":58,"code":135802,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135804,135805,135819,135829,135853,135893],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,135806,135807,135809,135811,135813,135815,135817],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,135808,165],{"class":164},[65,135810,168],{"class":79},[65,135812,3370],{"class":1368},[65,135814,168],{"class":79},[65,135816,7960],{"class":147},[65,135818,1870],{"class":79},[65,135820,135821,135823,135825,135827],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,135822,165],{"class":164},[65,135824,168],{"class":79},[65,135826,7960],{"class":147},[65,135828,174],{"class":79},[65,135830,135831,135833,135835,135837,135839,135841,135843,135845,135847,135849,135851],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,135832,165],{"class":164},[65,135834,3132],{"class":79},[65,135836,3370],{"class":1368},[65,135838,168],{"class":79},[65,135840,171],{"class":147},[65,135842,3813],{"class":79},[65,135844,4030],{"class":1405},[65,135846,6113],{"class":147},[65,135848,4036],{"class":1405},[65,135850,6118],{"class":147},[65,135852,4042],{"class":79},[65,135854,135855,135857,135859,135861,135863,135865,135867,135869,135871,135873,135875,135877,135879,135881,135883,135885,135887,135889,135891],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,135856,165],{"class":164},[65,135858,168],{"class":79},[65,135860,203],{"class":83},[65,135862,233],{"class":83},[65,135864,144],{"class":79},[65,135866,133441],{"class":147},[65,135868,3132],{"class":79},[65,135870,203],{"class":83},[65,135872,88],{"class":87},[65,135874,203],{"class":83},[65,135876,100],{"class":79},[65,135878,233],{"class":83},[65,135880,106],{"class":87},[65,135882,203],{"class":83},[65,135884,100],{"class":79},[65,135886,233],{"class":83},[65,135888,120],{"class":87},[65,135890,203],{"class":83},[65,135892,3146],{"class":79},[65,135894,135895,135897,135899,135901,135903,135905,135907,135909,135911,135913,135915,135917,135919,135921,135923,135925,135927,135929,135931],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,135896,165],{"class":164},[65,135898,168],{"class":79},[65,135900,203],{"class":83},[65,135902,1028],{"class":87},[65,135904,203],{"class":83},[65,135906,144],{"class":79},[65,135908,133441],{"class":147},[65,135910,168],{"class":79},[65,135912,39777],{"class":164},[65,135914,168],{"class":79},[65,135916,3591],{"class":1368},[65,135918,100],{"class":79},[65,135920,3773],{"class":79},[65,135922,3135],{"class":96},[65,135924,100],{"class":79},[65,135926,113],{"class":96},[65,135928,100],{"class":79},[65,135930,127],{"class":96},[65,135932,37181],{"class":79},[20,135934,135935],{},"What these checks do:",[30,135937,135938,135946,135952,135958,135967],{},[33,135939,135940,135943,135944,8247],{},[15,135941,135942],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135945,7960],{},[33,135947,135948,135951],{},[15,135949,135950],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[33,135953,135954,135957],{},[15,135955,135956],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[33,135959,135960,135963,135964,135966],{},[15,135961,135962],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135965,133364],{}," behavior",[33,135968,135969,135972],{},[15,135970,135971],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[51,135974,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,135976,1966,135978,135980],{"id":135977},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135979,133364],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135982,135983,135984,135986,135987,144],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135985,133364],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135988,135989],{},"map(str, values)",[1059,135991,1966,135993,57088],{"id":135992},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135994,133364],{},[20,135996,135997],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1059,135999,28432,136001,62561],{"id":136000},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136002,133364],{},[20,136004,42071,136005,136007],{},[15,136006,133364],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1059,136009,1953,136011,39878],{"id":136010},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136012,136013],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136015,136016],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1059,136018,136020,136021,136023,136024,2637],{"id":136019},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136022,3152],{}," when using ",[15,136025,133364],{},[20,136027,136028],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[51,136030,2015],{"id":2014},[30,136032,136033,136038,136044,136050,136056],{},[33,136034,136035],{},[88,136036,136037],{"href":135759},"How to join strings in Python",[33,136039,136040],{},[88,136041,126282,136042,10885],{"href":128969},[15,136043,60457],{},[33,136045,136046],{},[88,136047,3724,136048,3657],{"href":42094},[15,136049,47605],{},[33,136051,136052],{},[88,136053,2067,136054],{"href":135202},[15,136055,135205],{},[33,136057,136058],{},[88,136059,125037],{"href":50898},[20,136061,97277,136062,136064],{},[15,136063,133364],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2071,136066,136067],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":136069},[136070,136071,136073,136076,136083,136093,136101,136111,136118,136119,136131],{"id":3757,"depth":133,"text":3758},{"id":133481,"depth":133,"text":136072},"What join() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283,"children":136074},[136075],{"id":48931,"depth":154,"text":48932},{"id":121812,"depth":133,"text":121813,"children":136077},[136078,136079,136080,136081],{"id":133828,"depth":154,"text":133829},{"id":133920,"depth":154,"text":133921},{"id":134021,"depth":154,"text":134022},{"id":134130,"depth":154,"text":136082},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134233,"depth":133,"text":134234,"children":136084},[136085,136087,136089,136091],{"id":134240,"depth":154,"text":136086},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134307,"depth":154,"text":136088},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134396,"depth":154,"text":136090},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134482,"depth":154,"text":136092},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134557,"depth":133,"text":134558,"children":136094},[136095,136096,136097,136099],{"id":134566,"depth":154,"text":134567},{"id":134649,"depth":154,"text":134650},{"id":134803,"depth":154,"text":136098},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134975,"depth":154,"text":136100},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135062,"depth":133,"text":136102,"children":136103},"Common errors with join()",[136104,136106,136108,136109],{"id":135071,"depth":154,"text":136105},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135208,"depth":154,"text":136107},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135352,"depth":154,"text":135353},{"id":135427,"depth":154,"text":136110},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135542,"depth":133,"text":136112,"children":136113},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136114,136116],{"id":135557,"depth":154,"text":136115},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135639,"depth":154,"text":136117},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135763,"depth":133,"text":135764},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":136120},[136121,136123,136125,136127,136129],{"id":135977,"depth":154,"text":136122},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135992,"depth":154,"text":136124},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136000,"depth":154,"text":136126},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136010,"depth":154,"text":136128},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136019,"depth":154,"text":136130},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133356,"description":136132},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136139,"title":136140,"body":136141,"description":137709,"extension":2111,"meta":137710,"navigation":157,"path":137711,"seo":137712,"stem":137713,"__hash__":137714},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136142,"toc":137676},[136143,136148,136153,136155,136169,136214,136221,136226,136231,136233,136249,136258,136260,136262,136277,136279,136289,136291,136353,136355,136358,136419,136421,136437,136439,136452,136455,136502,136504,136510,136513,136516,136576,136584,136670,136674,136679,136681,136695,136698,136783,136786,136844,136855,136910,136912,136919,136925,136931,136975,136978,137025,137027,137029,137036,137038,137069,137072,137074,137105,137109,137112,137114,137154,137156,137199,137205,137210,137212,137239,137244,137247,137296,137300,137303,137378,137389,137392,137449,137456,137462,137470,137475,137482,137489,137507,137509,137563,137571,137573,137578,137581,137587,137593,137598,137601,137607,137613,137620,137628,137630,137673],[10,136144,123282,136146,18],{"id":136145},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136147,124012],{},[20,136149,123287,136150,136152],{},[15,136151,124012],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136154,24194],{},[30,136156,136157,136160,136163,136166],{},[33,136158,136159],{},"convert text to lowercase",[33,136161,136162],{},"compare text without case differences",[33,136164,136165],{},"clean up user input",[33,136167,136168],{},"make simple text matching easier",[56,136170,136172],{"className":58,"code":136171,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136173,136174,136187,136201],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136175,136176,136178,136180,136182,136185],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136177,34600],{"class":71},[65,136179,76],{"class":75},[65,136181,103],{"class":83},[65,136183,136184],{"class":87},"Hello WORLD",[65,136186,1650],{"class":83},[65,136188,136189,136191,136193,136195,136197,136199],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,136190,401],{"class":71},[65,136192,76],{"class":75},[65,136194,42761],{"class":71},[65,136196,144],{"class":79},[65,136198,8791],{"class":147},[65,136200,151],{"class":79},[65,136202,136203,136205,136207,136209,136211],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,136204,165],{"class":164},[65,136206,168],{"class":79},[65,136208,425],{"class":147},[65,136210,3813],{"class":79},[65,136212,136213],{"class":3816},"  # hello world\n",[20,136215,136216,88890,136218,136220],{},[46,136217,83748],{},[15,136219,124012],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[51,136222,252,136224,255],{"id":136223},"what-lower-does",[15,136225,124012],{},[20,136227,136228,136230],{},[15,136229,124012],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136232,13182],{},[30,136234,136235,136240,136243,136246],{},[33,136236,136237,136239],{},[15,136238,124012],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[33,136241,136242],{},"It works on string objects",[33,136244,136245],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[33,136247,136248],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136250,125034,136251,136255,136256,144],{},[88,136252,136254],{"href":136253},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[88,136257,50899],{"href":50898},[51,136259,283],{"id":282},[20,136261,2307],{},[56,136263,136265],{"className":58,"code":136264,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"string.lower()\n",[15,136266,136267],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136268,136269,136271,136273,136275],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136270,61100],{"class":71},[65,136272,144],{"class":79},[65,136274,8791],{"class":147},[65,136276,151],{"class":79},[20,136278,43570],{},[30,136280,136281,136283,136286],{},[33,136282,97455],{},[33,136284,136285],{},"You call it directly on a string",[33,136287,136288],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136290,350],{},[56,136292,136294],{"className":58,"code":136293,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136295,136296,136319,136323,136336],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136297,136298,136300,136302,136304,136307,136309,136311,136313,136316],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136299,165],{"class":164},[65,136301,168],{"class":79},[65,136303,84],{"class":83},[65,136305,136306],{"class":87},"HELLO",[65,136308,84],{"class":83},[65,136310,144],{"class":79},[65,136312,8791],{"class":147},[65,136314,136315],{"class":79},"())",[65,136317,136318],{"class":3816},"  # hello\n",[65,136320,136321],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,136322,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,136324,136325,136327,136329,136331,136334],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,136326,8027],{"class":71},[65,136328,76],{"class":75},[65,136330,103],{"class":83},[65,136332,136333],{"class":87},"PyThOn",[65,136335,1650],{"class":83},[65,136337,136338,136340,136342,136344,136346,136348,136350],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,136339,165],{"class":164},[65,136341,168],{"class":79},[65,136343,369],{"class":147},[65,136345,144],{"class":79},[65,136347,8791],{"class":147},[65,136349,136315],{"class":79},[65,136351,136352],{"class":3816},"  # python\n",[51,136354,506],{"id":505},[20,136356,136357],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[56,136359,136361],{"className":58,"code":136360,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136362,136363,136375,136379,136394,136398,136409],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136364,136365,136367,136369,136371,136373],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136366,34600],{"class":71},[65,136368,76],{"class":75},[65,136370,103],{"class":83},[65,136372,136184],{"class":87},[65,136374,1650],{"class":83},[65,136376,136377],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,136378,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,136380,136381,136384,136386,136388,136390,136392],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,136382,136383],{"class":71},"lower_text ",[65,136385,76],{"class":75},[65,136387,42761],{"class":71},[65,136389,144],{"class":79},[65,136391,8791],{"class":147},[65,136393,151],{"class":79},[65,136395,136396],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,136397,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,136399,136400,136402,136404,136407],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,136401,165],{"class":164},[65,136403,168],{"class":79},[65,136405,136406],{"class":147},"lower_text",[65,136408,174],{"class":79},[65,136410,136411,136413,136415,136417],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,136412,165],{"class":164},[65,136414,168],{"class":79},[65,136416,34621],{"class":147},[65,136418,174],{"class":79},[20,136420,191],{},[56,136422,136424],{"className":58,"code":136423,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136425,136426,136430],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136427,136428],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136429,134298],{"class":71},[65,136431,136432,136434],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,136433,131698],{"class":71},[65,136435,136436],{"class":34365},"WORLD\n",[20,136438,24714],{},[30,136440,136441,136446],{},[33,136442,136443,136445],{},[15,136444,124012],{}," returns the lowercase result",[33,136447,136448,136449,136451],{},"the original ",[15,136450,34621],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136453,136454],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[56,136456,136458],{"className":58,"code":136457,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136459,136460,136472,136486,136490],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136461,136462,136464,136466,136468,136470],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136463,34600],{"class":71},[65,136465,76],{"class":75},[65,136467,103],{"class":83},[65,136469,136184],{"class":87},[65,136471,1650],{"class":83},[65,136473,136474,136476,136478,136480,136482,136484],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,136475,34600],{"class":71},[65,136477,76],{"class":75},[65,136479,42761],{"class":71},[65,136481,144],{"class":79},[65,136483,8791],{"class":147},[65,136485,151],{"class":79},[65,136487,136488],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,136489,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,136491,136492,136494,136496,136498,136500],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,136493,165],{"class":164},[65,136495,168],{"class":79},[65,136497,34621],{"class":147},[65,136499,3813],{"class":79},[65,136501,136213],{"class":3816},[51,136503,17533],{"id":17532},[20,136505,136506,1832,136508,144],{},[15,136507,124012],{},[46,136509,61100],{},[20,136511,136512],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136514,136515],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[56,136517,136519],{"className":58,"code":136518,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136520,136521,136535,136539,136562],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136522,136523,136526,136528,136530,136533],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136524,136525],{"class":71},"answer ",[65,136527,76],{"class":75},[65,136529,103],{"class":83},[65,136531,136532],{"class":87},"YES",[65,136534,1650],{"class":83},[65,136536,136537],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,136538,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,136540,136541,136543,136546,136548,136550,136552,136554,136556,136558,136560],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,136542,1406],{"class":1405},[65,136544,136545],{"class":71}," answer",[65,136547,144],{"class":79},[65,136549,8791],{"class":147},[65,136551,7515],{"class":79},[65,136553,6561],{"class":75},[65,136555,103],{"class":83},[65,136557,8808],{"class":87},[65,136559,84],{"class":83},[65,136561,1411],{"class":79},[65,136563,136564,136566,136568,136570,136572,136574],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,136565,1431],{"class":164},[65,136567,168],{"class":79},[65,136569,84],{"class":83},[65,136571,96764],{"class":87},[65,136573,84],{"class":83},[65,136575,174],{"class":79},[20,136577,136578,136579,93],{},"This is especially useful with ",[88,136580,136581,136582,2448],{"href":8370},"the ",[15,136583,3104],{},[56,136585,136587],{"className":58,"code":136586,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136588,136589,136608,136612,136634,136649,136655],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136590,136591,136593,136595,136597,136599,136601,136604,136606],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136592,136525],{"class":71},[65,136594,76],{"class":75},[65,136596,8393],{"class":164},[65,136598,168],{"class":79},[65,136600,84],{"class":83},[65,136602,136603],{"class":87},"Type yes or no: ",[65,136605,84],{"class":83},[65,136607,174],{"class":79},[65,136609,136610],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,136611,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,136613,136614,136616,136618,136620,136622,136624,136626,136628,136630,136632],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,136615,1406],{"class":1405},[65,136617,136545],{"class":71},[65,136619,144],{"class":79},[65,136621,8791],{"class":147},[65,136623,7515],{"class":79},[65,136625,6561],{"class":75},[65,136627,103],{"class":83},[65,136629,8808],{"class":87},[65,136631,84],{"class":83},[65,136633,1411],{"class":79},[65,136635,136636,136638,136640,136642,136645,136647],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,136637,1431],{"class":164},[65,136639,168],{"class":79},[65,136641,84],{"class":83},[65,136643,136644],{"class":87},"You typed yes",[65,136646,84],{"class":83},[65,136648,174],{"class":79},[65,136650,136651,136653],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,136652,1442],{"class":1405},[65,136654,1411],{"class":79},[65,136656,136657,136659,136661,136663,136666,136668],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,136658,1431],{"class":164},[65,136660,168],{"class":79},[65,136662,84],{"class":83},[65,136664,136665],{"class":87},"You typed something else",[65,136667,84],{"class":83},[65,136669,174],{"class":79},[51,136671,136673],{"id":136672},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136675,136676,136678],{},[15,136677,124012],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136680,7492],{},[30,136682,136683,136686,136689,136692],{},[33,136684,136685],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[33,136687,136688],{},"Make text matching easier",[33,136690,136691],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[33,136693,136694],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136696,136697],{},"Example: checking user input",[56,136699,136701],{"className":58,"code":136700,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136702,136703,136721,136725,136747,136762,136768],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136704,136705,136707,136709,136711,136713,136715,136717,136719],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136706,44879],{"class":71},[65,136708,76],{"class":75},[65,136710,8393],{"class":164},[65,136712,168],{"class":79},[65,136714,84],{"class":83},[65,136716,44890],{"class":87},[65,136718,84],{"class":83},[65,136720,174],{"class":79},[65,136722,136723],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,136724,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,136726,136727,136729,136731,136733,136735,136737,136739,136741,136743,136745],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,136728,1406],{"class":1405},[65,136730,35765],{"class":71},[65,136732,144],{"class":79},[65,136734,8791],{"class":147},[65,136736,7515],{"class":79},[65,136738,6561],{"class":75},[65,136740,103],{"class":83},[65,136742,13240],{"class":87},[65,136744,84],{"class":83},[65,136746,1411],{"class":79},[65,136748,136749,136751,136753,136755,136758,136760],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,136750,1431],{"class":164},[65,136752,168],{"class":79},[65,136754,84],{"class":83},[65,136756,136757],{"class":87},"Nice choice!",[65,136759,84],{"class":83},[65,136761,174],{"class":79},[65,136763,136764,136766],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,136765,1442],{"class":1405},[65,136767,1411],{"class":79},[65,136769,136770,136772,136774,136776,136779,136781],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,136771,1431],{"class":164},[65,136773,168],{"class":79},[65,136775,84],{"class":83},[65,136777,136778],{"class":87},"Got it.",[65,136780,84],{"class":83},[65,136782,174],{"class":79},[20,136784,136785],{},"Example: simple search",[56,136787,136789],{"className":58,"code":136788,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136790,136791,136804,136808,136829],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136792,136793,136795,136797,136799,136802],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136794,89934],{"class":71},[65,136796,76],{"class":75},[65,136798,103],{"class":83},[65,136800,136801],{"class":87},"Python Is Fun",[65,136803,1650],{"class":83},[65,136805,136806],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,136807,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,136809,136810,136812,136814,136816,136818,136820,136823,136825,136827],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,136811,1406],{"class":1405},[65,136813,103],{"class":83},[65,136815,60],{"class":87},[65,136817,84],{"class":83},[65,136819,21289],{"class":75},[65,136821,136822],{"class":71}," message",[65,136824,144],{"class":79},[65,136826,8791],{"class":147},[65,136828,21708],{"class":79},[65,136830,136831,136833,136835,136837,136840,136842],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,136832,1431],{"class":164},[65,136834,168],{"class":79},[65,136836,84],{"class":83},[65,136838,136839],{"class":87},"Found it",[65,136841,84],{"class":83},[65,136843,174],{"class":79},[20,136845,136846,136847,136849,136850,93],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136848,124012],{}," is often used with ",[88,136851,136853],{"href":136852},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136854,41572],{},[56,136856,136858],{"className":58,"code":136857,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136859,136860,136873,136892,136896],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136861,136862,136864,136866,136868,136871],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136863,8027],{"class":71},[65,136865,76],{"class":75},[65,136867,103],{"class":83},[65,136869,136870],{"class":87},"  ALICE  ",[65,136872,1650],{"class":83},[65,136874,136875,136878,136880,136882,136884,136886,136888,136890],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,136876,136877],{"class":71},"clean_name ",[65,136879,76],{"class":75},[65,136881,35906],{"class":71},[65,136883,144],{"class":79},[65,136885,8785],{"class":147},[65,136887,8788],{"class":79},[65,136889,8791],{"class":147},[65,136891,151],{"class":79},[65,136893,136894],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,136895,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,136897,136898,136900,136902,136905,136907],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,136899,165],{"class":164},[65,136901,168],{"class":79},[65,136903,136904],{"class":147},"clean_name",[65,136906,3813],{"class":79},[65,136908,136909],{"class":3816},"  # alice\n",[51,136911,15719],{"id":15718},[20,136913,136914,136915,136918],{},"Strings are ",[46,136916,136917],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136920,136921,136922,136924],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136923,124012],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136926,136927,136928,136930],{},"So this does ",[46,136929,1014],{}," update the original variable:",[56,136932,136934],{"className":58,"code":136933,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136935,136936,136948,136958,136962],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136937,136938,136940,136942,136944,136946],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136939,34600],{"class":71},[65,136941,76],{"class":75},[65,136943,103],{"class":83},[65,136945,136306],{"class":87},[65,136947,1650],{"class":83},[65,136949,136950,136952,136954,136956],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,136951,34621],{"class":71},[65,136953,144],{"class":79},[65,136955,8791],{"class":147},[65,136957,151],{"class":79},[65,136959,136960],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,136961,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,136963,136964,136966,136968,136970,136972],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,136965,165],{"class":164},[65,136967,168],{"class":79},[65,136969,34621],{"class":147},[65,136971,3813],{"class":79},[65,136973,136974],{"class":3816},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136976,136977],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[56,136979,136981],{"className":58,"code":136980,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136982,136983,136995,137009,137013],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,136984,136985,136987,136989,136991,136993],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,136986,34600],{"class":71},[65,136988,76],{"class":75},[65,136990,103],{"class":83},[65,136992,136306],{"class":87},[65,136994,1650],{"class":83},[65,136996,136997,136999,137001,137003,137005,137007],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,136998,34600],{"class":71},[65,137000,76],{"class":75},[65,137002,42761],{"class":71},[65,137004,144],{"class":79},[65,137006,8791],{"class":147},[65,137008,151],{"class":79},[65,137010,137011],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,137012,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,137014,137015,137017,137019,137021,137023],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,137016,165],{"class":164},[65,137018,168],{"class":79},[65,137020,34621],{"class":147},[65,137022,3813],{"class":79},[65,137024,136318],{"class":3816},[51,137026,1766],{"id":1765},[1059,137028,25794],{"id":25793},[20,137030,137031,137032,11237,137034,144],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137033,8791],{},[15,137035,124012],{},[20,137037,16764],{},[56,137039,137041],{"className":58,"code":137040,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137042,137043,137055],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137044,137045,137047,137049,137051,137053],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137046,34600],{"class":71},[65,137048,76],{"class":75},[65,137050,103],{"class":83},[65,137052,136306],{"class":87},[65,137054,1650],{"class":83},[65,137056,137057,137059,137061,137063,137065,137067],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,137058,165],{"class":164},[65,137060,168],{"class":79},[65,137062,34621],{"class":147},[65,137064,144],{"class":79},[65,137066,8791],{"class":24857},[65,137068,174],{"class":79},[20,137070,137071],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137073,16776],{},[56,137075,137077],{"className":58,"code":137076,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137078,137079,137091],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137080,137081,137083,137085,137087,137089],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137082,34600],{"class":71},[65,137084,76],{"class":75},[65,137086,103],{"class":83},[65,137088,136306],{"class":87},[65,137090,1650],{"class":83},[65,137092,137093,137095,137097,137099,137101,137103],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,137094,165],{"class":164},[65,137096,168],{"class":79},[65,137098,34621],{"class":147},[65,137100,144],{"class":79},[65,137102,8791],{"class":147},[65,137104,980],{"class":79},[1059,137106,137108],{"id":137107},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137110,137111],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137113,16764],{},[56,137115,137117],{"className":58,"code":137116,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137118,137119,137131,137141],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137120,137121,137123,137125,137127,137129],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137122,34600],{"class":71},[65,137124,76],{"class":75},[65,137126,103],{"class":83},[65,137128,136306],{"class":87},[65,137130,1650],{"class":83},[65,137132,137133,137135,137137,137139],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,137134,34621],{"class":71},[65,137136,144],{"class":79},[65,137138,8791],{"class":147},[65,137140,151],{"class":79},[65,137142,137143,137145,137147,137149,137151],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,137144,165],{"class":164},[65,137146,168],{"class":79},[65,137148,34621],{"class":147},[65,137150,3813],{"class":79},[65,137152,137153],{"class":3816},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137155,16776],{},[56,137157,137159],{"className":58,"code":137158,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137160,137161,137173,137187],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137162,137163,137165,137167,137169,137171],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137164,34600],{"class":71},[65,137166,76],{"class":75},[65,137168,103],{"class":83},[65,137170,136306],{"class":87},[65,137172,1650],{"class":83},[65,137174,137175,137177,137179,137181,137183,137185],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,137176,34600],{"class":71},[65,137178,76],{"class":75},[65,137180,42761],{"class":71},[65,137182,144],{"class":79},[65,137184,8791],{"class":147},[65,137186,151],{"class":79},[65,137188,137189,137191,137193,137195,137197],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,137190,165],{"class":164},[65,137192,168],{"class":79},[65,137194,34621],{"class":147},[65,137196,3813],{"class":79},[65,137198,136318],{"class":3816},[1059,137200,8569,137202,137204],{"id":137201},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137203,124012],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137206,137207,137209],{},[15,137208,124012],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137211,16764],{},[56,137213,137215],{"className":58,"code":137214,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137216,137217,137225],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137218,137219,137221,137223],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137220,2363],{"class":71},[65,137222,76],{"class":75},[65,137224,124964],{"class":96},[65,137226,137227,137229,137231,137233,137235,137237],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,137228,165],{"class":164},[65,137230,168],{"class":79},[65,137232,2385],{"class":147},[65,137234,144],{"class":79},[65,137236,8791],{"class":147},[65,137238,980],{"class":79},[20,137240,137241,137242,33512],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137243,124012],{},[20,137245,137246],{},"You can check the type first:",[56,137248,137250],{"className":58,"code":137249,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137251,137252,137264,137268,137282],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137253,137254,137256,137258,137260,137262],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137255,34600],{"class":71},[65,137257,76],{"class":75},[65,137259,103],{"class":83},[65,137261,136306],{"class":87},[65,137263,1650],{"class":83},[65,137265,137266],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,137267,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,137269,137270,137272,137274,137276,137278,137280],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,137271,165],{"class":164},[65,137273,168],{"class":79},[65,137275,3370],{"class":1368},[65,137277,168],{"class":79},[65,137279,34621],{"class":147},[65,137281,1870],{"class":79},[65,137283,137284,137286,137288,137290,137292,137294],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,137285,165],{"class":164},[65,137287,168],{"class":79},[65,137289,34621],{"class":147},[65,137291,144],{"class":79},[65,137293,8791],{"class":147},[65,137295,980],{"class":79},[1059,137297,137299],{"id":137298},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137301,137302],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[56,137304,137306],{"className":58,"code":137305,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137307,137308,137321,137325,137342,137357,137363],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137309,137310,137312,137314,137316,137319],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137311,136525],{"class":71},[65,137313,76],{"class":75},[65,137315,103],{"class":83},[65,137317,137318],{"class":87},"Yes",[65,137320,1650],{"class":83},[65,137322,137323],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,137324,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,137326,137327,137329,137332,137334,137336,137338,137340],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,137328,1406],{"class":1405},[65,137330,137331],{"class":71}," answer ",[65,137333,4845],{"class":75},[65,137335,103],{"class":83},[65,137337,8808],{"class":87},[65,137339,84],{"class":83},[65,137341,1411],{"class":79},[65,137343,137344,137346,137348,137350,137353,137355],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,137345,1431],{"class":164},[65,137347,168],{"class":79},[65,137349,84],{"class":83},[65,137351,137352],{"class":87},"Match",[65,137354,84],{"class":83},[65,137356,174],{"class":79},[65,137358,137359,137361],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,137360,1442],{"class":1405},[65,137362,1411],{"class":79},[65,137364,137365,137367,137369,137371,137374,137376],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,137366,1431],{"class":164},[65,137368,168],{"class":79},[65,137370,84],{"class":83},[65,137372,137373],{"class":87},"No match",[65,137375,84],{"class":83},[65,137377,174],{"class":79},[20,137379,707,137380,1048,137383,137386,137387,144],{},[15,137381,137382],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137384,137385],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137388,137373],{},[20,137390,137391],{},"Better:",[56,137393,137395],{"className":58,"code":137394,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137396,137397,137409,137413,137435],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137398,137399,137401,137403,137405,137407],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137400,136525],{"class":71},[65,137402,76],{"class":75},[65,137404,103],{"class":83},[65,137406,137318],{"class":87},[65,137408,1650],{"class":83},[65,137410,137411],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,137412,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,137414,137415,137417,137419,137421,137423,137425,137427,137429,137431,137433],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,137416,1406],{"class":1405},[65,137418,136545],{"class":71},[65,137420,144],{"class":79},[65,137422,8791],{"class":147},[65,137424,7515],{"class":79},[65,137426,6561],{"class":75},[65,137428,103],{"class":83},[65,137430,8808],{"class":87},[65,137432,84],{"class":83},[65,137434,1411],{"class":79},[65,137436,137437,137439,137441,137443,137445,137447],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,137438,1431],{"class":164},[65,137440,168],{"class":79},[65,137442,84],{"class":83},[65,137444,137352],{"class":87},[65,137446,84],{"class":83},[65,137448,174],{"class":79},[1059,137450,44133,137452,137455],{"id":137451},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137453,137454],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137457,137458,137459,137461],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137460,124012],{}," is enough.",[20,137463,137464,137465,137467,137468,144],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137466,137454],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137469,124012],{},[20,137471,137472,137473,122524],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137474,124012],{},[51,137476,137478,10729,137480],{"id":137477},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137479,124012],{},[15,137481,128160],{},[20,137483,137484,1048,137486,137488],{},[15,137485,124012],{},[15,137487,128160],{}," are very similar.",[30,137490,137491,137496,137501,137504],{},[33,137492,137493,137495],{},[15,137494,124012],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[33,137497,137498,137500],{},[15,137499,128160],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[33,137502,137503],{},"Both return new strings",[33,137505,137506],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137508,350],{},[56,137510,137512],{"className":58,"code":137511,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137513,137514,137526,137530,137546],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137515,137516,137518,137520,137522,137524],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137517,34600],{"class":71},[65,137519,76],{"class":75},[65,137521,103],{"class":83},[65,137523,129001],{"class":87},[65,137525,1650],{"class":83},[65,137527,137528],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,137529,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,137531,137532,137534,137536,137538,137540,137542,137544],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,137533,165],{"class":164},[65,137535,168],{"class":79},[65,137537,34621],{"class":147},[65,137539,144],{"class":79},[65,137541,8791],{"class":147},[65,137543,136315],{"class":79},[65,137545,136213],{"class":3816},[65,137547,137548,137550,137552,137554,137556,137558,137560],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,137549,165],{"class":164},[65,137551,168],{"class":79},[65,137553,34621],{"class":147},[65,137555,144],{"class":79},[65,137557,34390],{"class":147},[65,137559,136315],{"class":79},[65,137561,137562],{"class":3816},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137564,137565,137566,144],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[88,137567,126282,137569,10885],{"href":137568},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137570,128160],{},[51,137572,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,137574,1966,137576,124609],{"id":137575},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137577,124012],{},[20,137579,137580],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1059,137582,1966,137584,137586],{"id":137583},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137585,124012],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137588,137589,137590,144],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137591,137592],{},"string.lower()",[1059,137594,1953,137596,12849],{"id":137595},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137597,124012],{},[20,137599,137600],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1059,137602,28432,137604,137606],{"id":137603},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137605,124012],{}," on user input?",[20,137608,137609,137610,137612],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137611,3104],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1059,137614,5330,137616,1048,137618,2637],{"id":137615},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137617,124012],{},[15,137619,137454],{},[20,137621,137622,137624,137625,137627],{},[15,137623,124012],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137626,137454],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[51,137629,2015],{"id":2014},[30,137631,137632,137636,137642,137648,137654,137658,137662,137668],{},[33,137633,137634],{},[88,137635,50899],{"href":50898},[33,137637,137638],{},[88,137639,126282,137640,10885],{"href":137568},[15,137641,128160],{},[33,137643,137644],{},[88,137645,126282,137646,10885],{"href":136852},[15,137647,41572],{},[33,137649,137650],{},[88,137651,126282,137652,10885],{"href":129863},[15,137653,124453],{},[33,137655,137656],{},[88,137657,124681],{"href":123537},[33,137659,137660],{},[88,137661,90610],{"href":89619},[33,137663,137664],{},[88,137665,3724,137666,3657],{"href":8370},[15,137667,3104],{},[33,137669,137670],{},[88,137671,137672],{"href":136253},"What is a string in Python?",[2071,137674,137675],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":137677},[137678,137680,137681,137682,137683,137684,137685,137694,137696,137708],{"id":136223,"depth":133,"text":137679},"What lower() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506},{"id":17532,"depth":133,"text":17533},{"id":136672,"depth":133,"text":136673},{"id":15718,"depth":133,"text":15719},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":137686},[137687,137688,137689,137691,137692],{"id":25793,"depth":154,"text":25794},{"id":137107,"depth":154,"text":137108},{"id":137201,"depth":154,"text":137690},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137298,"depth":154,"text":137299},{"id":137451,"depth":154,"text":137693},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137477,"depth":133,"text":137695},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":137697},[137698,137700,137702,137704,137706],{"id":137575,"depth":154,"text":137699},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137583,"depth":154,"text":137701},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137595,"depth":154,"text":137703},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137603,"depth":154,"text":137705},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137615,"depth":154,"text":137707},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136140,"description":137709},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137716,"title":137717,"body":137718,"description":139268,"extension":2111,"meta":139269,"navigation":157,"path":139270,"seo":139271,"stem":139272,"__hash__":139273},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137719,"toc":139229},[137720,137725,137730,137736,137751,137753,137813,137815,137824,137830,137835,137840,137842,137856,137860,137862,137909,137911,137929,137931,137934,138005,138007,138021,138024,138036,138045,138049,138054,138059,138063,138129,138131,138140,138144,138209,138211,138220,138223,138228,138232,138237,138241,138302,138304,138313,138317,138320,138376,138378,138387,138390,138403,138405,138409,138416,138478,138480,138493,138499,138502,138509,138514,138519,138522,138530,138532,138593,138595,138604,138607,138654,138657,138704,138706,138711,138728,138735,138740,138793,138795,138803,138805,138862,138864,138872,138876,138923,138925,138933,138941,138945,138993,138995,139004,139009,139060,139062,139071,139078,139081,139102,139104,139109,139112,139116,139119,139123,139126,139153,139159,139162,139189,139194,139196,139198,139226],[10,137721,123282,137723,18],{"id":137722},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137724,124453],{},[20,137726,123287,137727,137729],{},[15,137728,124453],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137731,137732,137733,137735],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137734,124453],{},". You will learn:",[30,137737,137738,137742,137745,137748],{},[33,137739,26126,137740,255],{},[15,137741,124453],{},[33,137743,137744],{},"how its syntax works",[33,137746,137747],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[33,137749,137750],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[51,137752,54],{"id":53},[56,137754,137756],{"className":58,"code":137755,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137757,137758,137771,137803],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137759,137760,137762,137764,137766,137769],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137761,34600],{"class":71},[65,137763,76],{"class":75},[65,137765,103],{"class":83},[65,137767,137768],{"class":87},"I like cats",[65,137770,1650],{"class":83},[65,137772,137773,137775,137777,137779,137781,137783,137785,137787,137790,137792,137794,137796,137799,137801],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,137774,130121],{"class":71},[65,137776,76],{"class":75},[65,137778,42761],{"class":71},[65,137780,144],{"class":79},[65,137782,34912],{"class":147},[65,137784,168],{"class":79},[65,137786,84],{"class":83},[65,137788,137789],{"class":87},"cats",[65,137791,84],{"class":83},[65,137793,100],{"class":79},[65,137795,103],{"class":83},[65,137797,137798],{"class":87},"dogs",[65,137800,84],{"class":83},[65,137802,174],{"class":79},[65,137804,137805,137807,137809,137811],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,137806,165],{"class":164},[65,137808,168],{"class":79},[65,137810,130152],{"class":147},[65,137812,174],{"class":79},[20,137814,191],{},[56,137816,137818],{"className":58,"code":137817,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"I like dogs\n",[15,137819,137820],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137821,137822],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137823,137817],{"class":71},[20,137825,1309,137826,137829],{},[15,137827,137828],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[51,137831,252,137833,255],{"id":137832},"what-replace-does",[15,137834,124453],{},[20,137836,137837,137839],{},[15,137838,124453],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137841,13182],{},[30,137843,137844,137846,137848,137851],{},[33,137845,133530],{},[33,137847,136248],{},[33,137849,137850],{},"It works on exact matches",[33,137852,137853,137854],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137855,41178],{},[20,137857,125034,137858,144],{},[88,137859,125037],{"href":50898},[51,137861,5583],{"id":5582},[56,137863,137865],{"className":58,"code":137864,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137866,137867,137887],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137868,137869,137871,137873,137875,137877,137880,137882,137885],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137870,61100],{"class":71},[65,137872,144],{"class":79},[65,137874,34912],{"class":147},[65,137876,168],{"class":79},[65,137878,137879],{"class":147},"old",[65,137881,100],{"class":79},[65,137883,137884],{"class":147}," new",[65,137886,174],{"class":79},[65,137888,137889,137891,137893,137895,137897,137899,137901,137903,137905,137907],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,137890,61100],{"class":71},[65,137892,144],{"class":79},[65,137894,34912],{"class":147},[65,137896,168],{"class":79},[65,137898,137879],{"class":147},[65,137900,100],{"class":79},[65,137902,137884],{"class":147},[65,137904,100],{"class":79},[65,137906,49524],{"class":147},[65,137908,174],{"class":79},[1059,137910,17509],{"id":17508},[30,137912,137913,137918,137924],{},[33,137914,137915,137917],{},[15,137916,137879],{}," = the text to find",[33,137919,137920,137923],{},[15,137921,137922],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[33,137925,137926,137928],{},[15,137927,41178],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[51,137930,5939],{"id":5938},[20,137932,137933],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[56,137935,137937],{"className":58,"code":137936,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137938,137939,137951,137981,137985,137995],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,137940,137941,137943,137945,137947,137949],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,137942,34600],{"class":71},[65,137944,76],{"class":75},[65,137946,103],{"class":83},[65,137948,137768],{"class":87},[65,137950,1650],{"class":83},[65,137952,137953,137955,137957,137959,137961,137963,137965,137967,137969,137971,137973,137975,137977,137979],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,137954,130121],{"class":71},[65,137956,76],{"class":75},[65,137958,42761],{"class":71},[65,137960,144],{"class":79},[65,137962,34912],{"class":147},[65,137964,168],{"class":79},[65,137966,84],{"class":83},[65,137968,137789],{"class":87},[65,137970,84],{"class":83},[65,137972,100],{"class":79},[65,137974,103],{"class":83},[65,137976,137798],{"class":87},[65,137978,84],{"class":83},[65,137980,174],{"class":79},[65,137982,137983],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,137984,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,137986,137987,137989,137991,137993],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,137988,165],{"class":164},[65,137990,168],{"class":79},[65,137992,34621],{"class":147},[65,137994,174],{"class":79},[65,137996,137997,137999,138001,138003],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,137998,165],{"class":164},[65,138000,168],{"class":79},[65,138002,130152],{"class":147},[65,138004,174],{"class":79},[20,138006,191],{},[56,138008,138010],{"className":58,"code":138009,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138011,138012,138017],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138013,138014],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138015,138016],{"class":71},"I like cats\n",[65,138018,138019],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,138020,137817],{"class":71},[20,138022,138023],{},"Notice what happened:",[30,138025,138026,138031],{},[33,138027,138028,138030],{},[15,138029,34621],{}," did not change",[33,138032,138033,138035],{},[15,138034,130152],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138037,138038,138039,138041,138042,138044],{},"This happens because strings are ",[46,138040,136917],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138043,124453],{}," return a new string instead.",[51,138046,138048],{"id":138047},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138050,89628,138051,138053],{},[15,138052,124453],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138055,138056,138057,36537],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138058,41178],{},[1059,138060,138062],{"id":138061},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[56,138064,138066],{"className":58,"code":138065,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138067,138068,138081,138115,138119],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138069,138070,138072,138074,138076,138079],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138071,34600],{"class":71},[65,138073,76],{"class":75},[65,138075,103],{"class":83},[65,138077,138078],{"class":87},"cat cat cat",[65,138080,1650],{"class":83},[65,138082,138083,138085,138087,138089,138091,138093,138095,138097,138099,138101,138103,138105,138107,138109,138111,138113],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,138084,401],{"class":71},[65,138086,76],{"class":75},[65,138088,42761],{"class":71},[65,138090,144],{"class":79},[65,138092,34912],{"class":147},[65,138094,168],{"class":79},[65,138096,84],{"class":83},[65,138098,36963],{"class":87},[65,138100,84],{"class":83},[65,138102,100],{"class":79},[65,138104,103],{"class":83},[65,138106,58052],{"class":87},[65,138108,84],{"class":83},[65,138110,100],{"class":79},[65,138112,97],{"class":96},[65,138114,174],{"class":79},[65,138116,138117],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,138118,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,138120,138121,138123,138125,138127],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,138122,165],{"class":164},[65,138124,168],{"class":79},[65,138126,425],{"class":147},[65,138128,174],{"class":79},[20,138130,191],{},[56,138132,138134],{"className":58,"code":138133,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138135,138136],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138137,138138],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138139,138133],{"class":71},[1059,138141,138143],{"id":138142},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[56,138145,138147],{"className":58,"code":138146,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138148,138149,138161,138195,138199],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138150,138151,138153,138155,138157,138159],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138152,34600],{"class":71},[65,138154,76],{"class":75},[65,138156,103],{"class":83},[65,138158,138078],{"class":87},[65,138160,1650],{"class":83},[65,138162,138163,138165,138167,138169,138171,138173,138175,138177,138179,138181,138183,138185,138187,138189,138191,138193],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,138164,401],{"class":71},[65,138166,76],{"class":75},[65,138168,42761],{"class":71},[65,138170,144],{"class":79},[65,138172,34912],{"class":147},[65,138174,168],{"class":79},[65,138176,84],{"class":83},[65,138178,36963],{"class":87},[65,138180,84],{"class":83},[65,138182,100],{"class":79},[65,138184,103],{"class":83},[65,138186,58052],{"class":87},[65,138188,84],{"class":83},[65,138190,100],{"class":79},[65,138192,113],{"class":96},[65,138194,174],{"class":79},[65,138196,138197],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,138198,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,138200,138201,138203,138205,138207],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,138202,165],{"class":164},[65,138204,168],{"class":79},[65,138206,425],{"class":147},[65,138208,174],{"class":79},[20,138210,191],{},[56,138212,138214],{"className":58,"code":138213,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138215,138216],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138217,138218],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138219,138213],{"class":71},[20,138221,138222],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138224,138225,138226,144],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[88,138227,128006],{"href":124450},[51,138229,138231],{"id":138230},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138233,138234,138236],{},[15,138235,124453],{}," can also change single characters.",[1059,138238,138240],{"id":138239},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[56,138242,138244],{"className":58,"code":138243,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138245,138246,138258,138288,138292],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138247,138248,138250,138252,138254,138256],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138249,34600],{"class":71},[65,138251,76],{"class":75},[65,138253,103],{"class":83},[65,138255,4243],{"class":87},[65,138257,1650],{"class":83},[65,138259,138260,138262,138264,138266,138268,138270,138272,138274,138276,138278,138280,138282,138284,138286],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,138261,401],{"class":71},[65,138263,76],{"class":75},[65,138265,42761],{"class":71},[65,138267,144],{"class":79},[65,138269,34912],{"class":147},[65,138271,168],{"class":79},[65,138273,84],{"class":83},[65,138275,88],{"class":87},[65,138277,84],{"class":83},[65,138279,100],{"class":79},[65,138281,103],{"class":83},[65,138283,60399],{"class":87},[65,138285,84],{"class":83},[65,138287,174],{"class":79},[65,138289,138290],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,138291,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,138293,138294,138296,138298,138300],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,138295,165],{"class":164},[65,138297,168],{"class":79},[65,138299,425],{"class":147},[65,138301,174],{"class":79},[20,138303,191],{},[56,138305,138307],{"className":58,"code":138306,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"bonono\n",[15,138308,138309],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138310,138311],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138312,138306],{"class":71},[1059,138314,138316],{"id":138315},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138318,138319],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[56,138321,138323],{"className":58,"code":138322,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138324,138325,138338,138362,138366],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138326,138327,138329,138331,138333,138336],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138328,34600],{"class":71},[65,138330,76],{"class":75},[65,138332,103],{"class":83},[65,138334,138335],{"class":87},"a b c",[65,138337,1650],{"class":83},[65,138339,138340,138342,138344,138346,138348,138350,138352,138354,138356,138358,138360],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,138341,401],{"class":71},[65,138343,76],{"class":75},[65,138345,42761],{"class":71},[65,138347,144],{"class":79},[65,138349,34912],{"class":147},[65,138351,168],{"class":79},[65,138353,84],{"class":83},[65,138355,103],{"class":83},[65,138357,100],{"class":79},[65,138359,6279],{"class":83},[65,138361,174],{"class":79},[65,138363,138364],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,138365,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,138367,138368,138370,138372,138374],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,138369,165],{"class":164},[65,138371,168],{"class":79},[65,138373,425],{"class":147},[65,138375,174],{"class":79},[20,138377,191],{},[56,138379,138381],{"className":58,"code":138380,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"abc\n",[15,138382,138383],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138384,138385],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138386,138380],{"class":71},[20,138388,138389],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138391,138392,138393,138397,138398,138402],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[88,138394,126282,138395,10885],{"href":128969},[15,138396,60457],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[88,138399,126282,138400,10885],{"href":136852},[15,138401,41572],{}," is often a better choice.",[51,138404,123929],{"id":123928},[20,138406,138407,123740],{},[15,138408,124453],{},[20,138410,127327,138411,1048,138413,127334],{},[15,138412,112966],{},[15,138414,138415],{},"\"Cat\"",[56,138417,138419],{"className":58,"code":138418,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138420,138421,138434,138464,138468],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138422,138423,138425,138427,138429,138432],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138424,34600],{"class":71},[65,138426,76],{"class":75},[65,138428,103],{"class":83},[65,138430,138431],{"class":87},"Cat cat CAT",[65,138433,1650],{"class":83},[65,138435,138436,138438,138440,138442,138444,138446,138448,138450,138452,138454,138456,138458,138460,138462],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,138437,401],{"class":71},[65,138439,76],{"class":75},[65,138441,42761],{"class":71},[65,138443,144],{"class":79},[65,138445,34912],{"class":147},[65,138447,168],{"class":79},[65,138449,84],{"class":83},[65,138451,36963],{"class":87},[65,138453,84],{"class":83},[65,138455,100],{"class":79},[65,138457,103],{"class":83},[65,138459,58052],{"class":87},[65,138461,84],{"class":83},[65,138463,174],{"class":79},[65,138465,138466],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,138467,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,138469,138470,138472,138474,138476],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,138471,165],{"class":164},[65,138473,168],{"class":79},[65,138475,425],{"class":147},[65,138477,174],{"class":79},[20,138479,191],{},[56,138481,138483],{"className":58,"code":138482,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138484,138485],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138486,138487,138490],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138488,138489],{"class":71},"Cat dog ",[65,138491,138492],{"class":34365},"CAT\n",[20,138494,138495,138496,138498],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138497,112966],{}," was replaced.",[20,138500,138501],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138503,138504,138505,144],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[88,138506,126282,138507,10885],{"href":124009},[15,138508,124012],{},[51,138510,252,138512,11842],{"id":138511},"what-replace-returns",[15,138513,124453],{},[20,138515,138516,138518],{},[15,138517,124453],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138520,138521],{},"If no match is found:",[30,138523,138524,138527],{},[33,138525,138526],{},"no error happens",[33,138528,138529],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138531,350],{},[56,138533,138535],{"className":58,"code":138534,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138536,138537,138549,138579,138583],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138538,138539,138541,138543,138545,138547],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138540,34600],{"class":71},[65,138542,76],{"class":75},[65,138544,103],{"class":83},[65,138546,3998],{"class":87},[65,138548,1650],{"class":83},[65,138550,138551,138553,138555,138557,138559,138561,138563,138565,138567,138569,138571,138573,138575,138577],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,138552,401],{"class":71},[65,138554,76],{"class":75},[65,138556,42761],{"class":71},[65,138558,144],{"class":79},[65,138560,34912],{"class":147},[65,138562,168],{"class":79},[65,138564,84],{"class":83},[65,138566,931],{"class":87},[65,138568,84],{"class":83},[65,138570,100],{"class":79},[65,138572,103],{"class":83},[65,138574,944],{"class":87},[65,138576,84],{"class":83},[65,138578,174],{"class":79},[65,138580,138581],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,138582,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,138584,138585,138587,138589,138591],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,138586,165],{"class":164},[65,138588,168],{"class":79},[65,138590,425],{"class":147},[65,138592,174],{"class":79},[20,138594,191],{},[56,138596,138598],{"className":58,"code":138597,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"hello\n",[15,138599,138600],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138601,138602],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138603,138597],{"class":71},[20,138605,138606],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[56,138608,138610],{"className":58,"code":138609,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138611,138612,138624],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138613,138614,138616,138618,138620,138622],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138615,34600],{"class":71},[65,138617,76],{"class":75},[65,138619,103],{"class":83},[65,138621,60332],{"class":87},[65,138623,1650],{"class":83},[65,138625,138626,138628,138630,138632,138634,138636,138638,138640,138642,138644,138646,138648,138650,138652],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,138627,130121],{"class":71},[65,138629,76],{"class":75},[65,138631,42761],{"class":71},[65,138633,144],{"class":79},[65,138635,34912],{"class":147},[65,138637,168],{"class":79},[65,138639,84],{"class":83},[65,138641,60517],{"class":87},[65,138643,84],{"class":83},[65,138645,100],{"class":79},[65,138647,103],{"class":83},[65,138649,7446],{"class":87},[65,138651,84],{"class":83},[65,138653,174],{"class":79},[20,138655,138656],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[56,138658,138660],{"className":58,"code":138659,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138661,138662,138674],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138663,138664,138666,138668,138670,138672],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138665,34600],{"class":71},[65,138667,76],{"class":75},[65,138669,103],{"class":83},[65,138671,60332],{"class":87},[65,138673,1650],{"class":83},[65,138675,138676,138678,138680,138682,138684,138686,138688,138690,138692,138694,138696,138698,138700,138702],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,138677,34600],{"class":71},[65,138679,76],{"class":75},[65,138681,42761],{"class":71},[65,138683,144],{"class":79},[65,138685,34912],{"class":147},[65,138687,168],{"class":79},[65,138689,84],{"class":83},[65,138691,60517],{"class":87},[65,138693,84],{"class":83},[65,138695,100],{"class":79},[65,138697,103],{"class":83},[65,138699,7446],{"class":87},[65,138701,84],{"class":83},[65,138703,174],{"class":79},[51,138705,4675],{"id":4674},[20,138707,138708,138709,93],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138710,124453],{},[30,138712,138713,138716,138720,138723],{},[33,138714,138715],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[33,138717,1792,138718,131502],{},[15,138719,124453],{},[33,138721,138722],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[33,138724,37120,138725,138727],{},[15,138726,124453],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1059,138729,138731,138732,138734],{"id":138730},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138733,124453],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138736,138737,138738,93],{},"This does not update ",[15,138739,34621],{},[56,138741,138743],{"className":58,"code":138742,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138744,138745,138757,138783],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138746,138747,138749,138751,138753,138755],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138748,34600],{"class":71},[65,138750,76],{"class":75},[65,138752,103],{"class":83},[65,138754,137768],{"class":87},[65,138756,1650],{"class":83},[65,138758,138759,138761,138763,138765,138767,138769,138771,138773,138775,138777,138779,138781],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,138760,34621],{"class":71},[65,138762,144],{"class":79},[65,138764,34912],{"class":147},[65,138766,168],{"class":79},[65,138768,84],{"class":83},[65,138770,137789],{"class":87},[65,138772,84],{"class":83},[65,138774,100],{"class":79},[65,138776,103],{"class":83},[65,138778,137798],{"class":87},[65,138780,84],{"class":83},[65,138782,174],{"class":79},[65,138784,138785,138787,138789,138791],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,138786,165],{"class":164},[65,138788,168],{"class":79},[65,138790,34621],{"class":147},[65,138792,174],{"class":79},[20,138794,191],{},[56,138796,138797],{"className":58,"code":138016,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,138798,138799],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138800,138801],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138802,138016],{"class":71},[20,138804,10952],{},[56,138806,138808],{"className":58,"code":138807,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138809,138810,138822,138852],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138811,138812,138814,138816,138818,138820],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138813,34600],{"class":71},[65,138815,76],{"class":75},[65,138817,103],{"class":83},[65,138819,137768],{"class":87},[65,138821,1650],{"class":83},[65,138823,138824,138826,138828,138830,138832,138834,138836,138838,138840,138842,138844,138846,138848,138850],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,138825,34600],{"class":71},[65,138827,76],{"class":75},[65,138829,42761],{"class":71},[65,138831,144],{"class":79},[65,138833,34912],{"class":147},[65,138835,168],{"class":79},[65,138837,84],{"class":83},[65,138839,137789],{"class":87},[65,138841,84],{"class":83},[65,138843,100],{"class":79},[65,138845,103],{"class":83},[65,138847,137798],{"class":87},[65,138849,84],{"class":83},[65,138851,174],{"class":79},[65,138853,138854,138856,138858,138860],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,138855,165],{"class":164},[65,138857,168],{"class":79},[65,138859,34621],{"class":147},[65,138861,174],{"class":79},[20,138863,191],{},[56,138865,138866],{"className":58,"code":137817,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,138867,138868],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138869,138870],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138871,137817],{"class":71},[1059,138873,138875],{"id":138874},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[56,138877,138879],{"className":58,"code":138878,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138880,138881,138893],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138882,138883,138885,138887,138889,138891],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138884,34600],{"class":71},[65,138886,76],{"class":75},[65,138888,103],{"class":83},[65,138890,34780],{"class":87},[65,138892,1650],{"class":83},[65,138894,138895,138897,138899,138901,138903,138905,138907,138909,138911,138913,138915,138917,138919,138921],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,138896,165],{"class":164},[65,138898,168],{"class":79},[65,138900,34621],{"class":147},[65,138902,144],{"class":79},[65,138904,34912],{"class":147},[65,138906,168],{"class":79},[65,138908,84],{"class":83},[65,138910,3998],{"class":87},[65,138912,84],{"class":83},[65,138914,100],{"class":79},[65,138916,103],{"class":83},[65,138918,89863],{"class":87},[65,138920,84],{"class":83},[65,138922,1870],{"class":79},[20,138924,191],{},[56,138926,138927],{"className":58,"code":88876,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,138928,138929],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138930,138931],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138932,88876],{"class":71},[20,138934,138935,138936,1048,138938,138940],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138937,64461],{},[15,138939,90345],{}," are not the same.",[1059,138942,138944],{"id":138943},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[56,138946,138948],{"className":58,"code":138947,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138949,138950,138963],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,138951,138952,138954,138956,138958,138961],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,138953,34600],{"class":71},[65,138955,76],{"class":75},[65,138957,103],{"class":83},[65,138959,138960],{"class":87},"red red red",[65,138962,1650],{"class":83},[65,138964,138965,138967,138969,138971,138973,138975,138977,138979,138981,138983,138985,138987,138989,138991],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,138966,165],{"class":164},[65,138968,168],{"class":79},[65,138970,34621],{"class":147},[65,138972,144],{"class":79},[65,138974,34912],{"class":147},[65,138976,168],{"class":79},[65,138978,84],{"class":83},[65,138980,13223],{"class":87},[65,138982,84],{"class":83},[65,138984,100],{"class":79},[65,138986,103],{"class":83},[65,138988,13240],{"class":87},[65,138990,84],{"class":83},[65,138992,1870],{"class":79},[20,138994,191],{},[56,138996,138998],{"className":58,"code":138997,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138999,139000],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139001,139002],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139003,138997],{"class":71},[20,139005,139006,139007,93],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139008,41178],{},[56,139010,139012],{"className":58,"code":139011,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139013,139014,139026],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139015,139016,139018,139020,139022,139024],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139017,34600],{"class":71},[65,139019,76],{"class":75},[65,139021,103],{"class":83},[65,139023,138960],{"class":87},[65,139025,1650],{"class":83},[65,139027,139028,139030,139032,139034,139036,139038,139040,139042,139044,139046,139048,139050,139052,139054,139056,139058],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,139029,165],{"class":164},[65,139031,168],{"class":79},[65,139033,34621],{"class":147},[65,139035,144],{"class":79},[65,139037,34912],{"class":147},[65,139039,168],{"class":79},[65,139041,84],{"class":83},[65,139043,13223],{"class":87},[65,139045,84],{"class":83},[65,139047,100],{"class":79},[65,139049,103],{"class":83},[65,139051,13240],{"class":87},[65,139053,84],{"class":83},[65,139055,100],{"class":79},[65,139057,97],{"class":96},[65,139059,1870],{"class":79},[20,139061,191],{},[56,139063,139065],{"className":58,"code":139064,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"blue red red\n",[15,139066,139067],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139068,139069],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139070,139064],{"class":71},[1059,139072,139074,139075,139077],{"id":139073},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139076,124453],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139079,139080],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[30,139082,139083,139090,139097],{},[33,139084,1309,139085,139089],{},[88,139086,139087],{"href":128969},[15,139088,60457],{}," to break a string into a list",[33,139091,1309,139092,139096],{},[88,139093,139094],{"href":136852},[15,139095,41572],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[33,139098,1309,139099,139101],{},[15,139100,124453],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[51,139103,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,139105,1966,139107,124609],{"id":139106},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139108,124453],{},[20,139110,139111],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1059,139113,139115],{"id":139114},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139117,139118],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1059,139120,139122],{"id":139121},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139124,139125],{},"Use the third argument:",[56,139127,139129],{"className":58,"code":139128,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139130,139131],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139132,139133,139135,139137,139139,139141,139143,139145,139147,139149,139151],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139134,34621],{"class":71},[65,139136,144],{"class":79},[65,139138,34912],{"class":147},[65,139140,168],{"class":79},[65,139142,137879],{"class":147},[65,139144,100],{"class":79},[65,139146,137884],{"class":147},[65,139148,100],{"class":79},[65,139150,97],{"class":96},[65,139152,174],{"class":79},[1059,139154,5320,139156,139158],{"id":139155},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139157,124453],{}," remove text?",[20,139160,139161],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[56,139163,139165],{"className":58,"code":139164,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139166,139167],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139168,139169,139171,139173,139175,139177,139179,139181,139183,139185,139187],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139170,34621],{"class":71},[65,139172,144],{"class":79},[65,139174,34912],{"class":147},[65,139176,168],{"class":79},[65,139178,84],{"class":83},[65,139180,931],{"class":87},[65,139182,84],{"class":83},[65,139184,100],{"class":79},[65,139186,6279],{"class":83},[65,139188,174],{"class":79},[1059,139190,15029,139192,124618],{"id":139191},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139193,124453],{},[20,139195,129811],{},[51,139197,2015],{"id":2014},[30,139199,139200,139204,139210,139216,139222],{},[33,139201,139202],{},[88,139203,124688],{"href":124450},[33,139205,139206],{},[88,139207,126282,139208,10885],{"href":128969},[15,139209,60457],{},[33,139211,139212],{},[88,139213,126282,139214,10885],{"href":136852},[15,139215,41572],{},[33,139217,139218],{},[88,139219,126282,139220,10885],{"href":124009},[15,139221,124012],{},[33,139223,139224],{},[88,139225,125037],{"href":50898},[2071,139227,139228],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":139230},[139231,139232,139234,139237,139238,139242,139246,139247,139249,139257,139267],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":137832,"depth":133,"text":139233},"What replace() does",{"id":5582,"depth":133,"text":5583,"children":139235},[139236],{"id":17508,"depth":154,"text":17509},{"id":5938,"depth":133,"text":5939},{"id":138047,"depth":133,"text":138048,"children":139239},[139240,139241],{"id":138061,"depth":154,"text":138062},{"id":138142,"depth":154,"text":138143},{"id":138230,"depth":133,"text":138231,"children":139243},[139244,139245],{"id":138239,"depth":154,"text":138240},{"id":138315,"depth":154,"text":138316},{"id":123928,"depth":133,"text":123929},{"id":138511,"depth":133,"text":139248},"What replace() returns",{"id":4674,"depth":133,"text":4675,"children":139250},[139251,139253,139254,139255],{"id":138730,"depth":154,"text":139252},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138874,"depth":154,"text":138875},{"id":138943,"depth":154,"text":138944},{"id":139073,"depth":154,"text":139256},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":139258},[139259,139261,139262,139263,139265],{"id":139106,"depth":154,"text":139260},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139114,"depth":154,"text":139115},{"id":139121,"depth":154,"text":139122},{"id":139155,"depth":154,"text":139264},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139191,"depth":154,"text":139266},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137717,"description":139268},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139275,"title":139276,"body":139277,"description":141296,"extension":2111,"meta":141297,"navigation":157,"path":141298,"seo":141299,"stem":141300,"__hash__":141301},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139278,"toc":141260},[139279,139284,139289,139292,139303,139305,139360,139365,139370,139377,139379,139394,139396,139452,139454,139492,139497,139499,139523,139526,139539,139544,139546,139578,139580,139613,139619,139624,139627,139637,139640,139642,139698,139700,139750,139753,139761,139764,139820,139822,139895,139908,139916,139920,139931,139934,139937,139990,139992,140024,140027,140081,140083,140118,140121,140126,140131,140136,140139,140141,140199,140201,140235,140237,140252,140255,140257,140299,140301,140327,140332,140340,140343,140345,140427,140429,140480,140483,140494,140502,140504,140577,140579,140597,140601,140604,140608,140635,140637,140645,140649,140684,140686,140699,140703,140706,140745,140747,140764,140769,140774,140785,140788,140799,140801,140803,140829,140832,140881,140883,140900,140903,140905,140957,140959,140991,140994,141052,141057,141059,141064,141167,141169,141183,141185,141192,141197,141202,141207,141212,141217,141220,141224,141229,141231,141257],[10,139280,123282,139282,18],{"id":139281},"python-string-split-method",[15,139283,60457],{},[20,139285,123287,139286,139288],{},[15,139287,60457],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139290,139291],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[30,139293,139294,139297,139300],{},[33,139295,139296],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[33,139298,139299],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[33,139301,139302],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[51,139304,54],{"id":53},[56,139306,139308],{"className":58,"code":139307,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139309,139310,139323,139345,139355],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139311,139312,139314,139316,139318,139321],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139313,34600],{"class":71},[65,139315,76],{"class":75},[65,139317,103],{"class":83},[65,139319,139320],{"class":87},"apple,banana,cherry",[65,139322,1650],{"class":83},[65,139324,139325,139327,139329,139331,139333,139335,139337,139339,139341,139343],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,139326,42756],{"class":71},[65,139328,76],{"class":75},[65,139330,42761],{"class":71},[65,139332,144],{"class":79},[65,139334,34381],{"class":147},[65,139336,168],{"class":79},[65,139338,84],{"class":83},[65,139340,100],{"class":87},[65,139342,84],{"class":83},[65,139344,174],{"class":79},[65,139346,139347,139349,139351,139353],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,139348,165],{"class":164},[65,139350,168],{"class":79},[65,139352,42788],{"class":147},[65,139354,174],{"class":79},[65,139356,139357],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,139358,139359],{"class":3816},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139361,1309,139362,139364],{},[15,139363,60457],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[51,139366,252,139368,255],{"id":139367},"what-split-does",[15,139369,60457],{},[20,139371,139372,132330,139374,144],{},[15,139373,60457],{},[46,139375,139376],{},"string method",[20,139378,48849],{},[30,139380,139381,139384,139389],{},[33,139382,139383],{},"divides a string into parts",[33,139385,119584,139386],{},[46,139387,139388],{},"new list of strings",[33,139390,119590,139391,139393],{},[46,139392,1014],{}," change the original string",[20,139395,350],{},[56,139397,139399],{"className":58,"code":139398,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139400,139401,139414,139428,139432,139442],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139402,139403,139405,139407,139409,139412],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139404,34600],{"class":71},[65,139406,76],{"class":75},[65,139408,103],{"class":83},[65,139410,139411],{"class":87},"red blue green",[65,139413,1650],{"class":83},[65,139415,139416,139418,139420,139422,139424,139426],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,139417,42756],{"class":71},[65,139419,76],{"class":75},[65,139421,42761],{"class":71},[65,139423,144],{"class":79},[65,139425,34381],{"class":147},[65,139427,151],{"class":79},[65,139429,139430],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,139431,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,139433,139434,139436,139438,139440],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,139435,165],{"class":164},[65,139437,168],{"class":79},[65,139439,34621],{"class":147},[65,139441,174],{"class":79},[65,139443,139444,139446,139448,139450],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,139445,165],{"class":164},[65,139447,168],{"class":79},[65,139449,42788],{"class":147},[65,139451,174],{"class":79},[20,139453,191],{},[56,139455,139457],{"className":58,"code":139456,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139458,139459,139464],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139460,139461],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139462,139463],{"class":71},"red blue green\n",[65,139465,139466,139468,139470,139472,139474,139476,139478,139480,139482,139484,139486,139488,139490],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,139467,4054],{"class":79},[65,139469,203],{"class":83},[65,139471,13223],{"class":87},[65,139473,203],{"class":83},[65,139475,100],{"class":79},[65,139477,233],{"class":83},[65,139479,13240],{"class":87},[65,139481,203],{"class":83},[65,139483,100],{"class":79},[65,139485,233],{"class":83},[65,139487,17570],{"class":87},[65,139489,203],{"class":83},[65,139491,3786],{"class":79},[20,139493,139494,139495,144],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[88,139496,125037],{"href":50898},[51,139498,283],{"id":282},[56,139500,139502],{"className":58,"code":139501,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139503,139504],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139505,139506,139508,139510,139512,139514,139516,139518,139521],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139507,61100],{"class":71},[65,139509,144],{"class":79},[65,139511,34381],{"class":147},[65,139513,168],{"class":79},[65,139515,133686],{"class":147},[65,139517,100],{"class":79},[65,139519,139520],{"class":147}," maxsplit",[65,139522,174],{"class":79},[20,139524,139525],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[30,139527,139528,139533],{},[33,139529,139530,139532],{},[15,139531,133686],{}," tells Python where to split",[33,139534,139535,139538],{},[15,139536,139537],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139540,9026,139541,139543],{},[15,139542,133686],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139545,350],{},[56,139547,139549],{"className":58,"code":139548,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139550,139551,139564],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139552,139553,139555,139557,139559,139562],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139554,34600],{"class":71},[65,139556,76],{"class":75},[65,139558,103],{"class":83},[65,139560,139561],{"class":87},"one two three",[65,139563,1650],{"class":83},[65,139565,139566,139568,139570,139572,139574,139576],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,139567,165],{"class":164},[65,139569,168],{"class":79},[65,139571,34621],{"class":147},[65,139573,144],{"class":79},[65,139575,34381],{"class":147},[65,139577,980],{"class":79},[20,139579,191],{},[56,139581,139583],{"className":58,"code":139582,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139584,139585],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139586,139587,139589,139591,139593,139595,139597,139599,139601,139603,139605,139607,139609,139611],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139588,4054],{"class":79},[65,139590,203],{"class":83},[65,139592,6736],{"class":87},[65,139594,203],{"class":83},[65,139596,100],{"class":79},[65,139598,233],{"class":83},[65,139600,79198],{"class":87},[65,139602,203],{"class":83},[65,139604,100],{"class":79},[65,139606,233],{"class":83},[65,139608,134168],{"class":87},[65,139610,203],{"class":83},[65,139612,3786],{"class":79},[51,139614,8569,139616,139618],{"id":139615},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139617,60457],{}," with no separator",[20,139620,70101,139621,139623],{},[15,139622,60457],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139625,139626],{},"Whitespace includes:",[30,139628,139629,139631,139634],{},[33,139630,10596],{},[33,139632,139633],{},"tabs",[33,139635,139636],{},"new lines",[20,139638,139639],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139641,350],{},[56,139643,139645],{"className":58,"code":139644,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139646,139647,139670,139684,139688],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139648,139649,139651,139653,139655,139658,139661,139663,139665,139668],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139650,34600],{"class":71},[65,139652,76],{"class":75},[65,139654,103],{"class":83},[65,139656,139657],{"class":87},"Python   is",[65,139659,139660],{"class":34365},"\\t",[65,139662,133422],{"class":87},[65,139664,87080],{"class":34365},[65,139666,139667],{"class":87},"and useful",[65,139669,1650],{"class":83},[65,139671,139672,139674,139676,139678,139680,139682],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,139673,42756],{"class":71},[65,139675,76],{"class":75},[65,139677,42761],{"class":71},[65,139679,144],{"class":79},[65,139681,34381],{"class":147},[65,139683,151],{"class":79},[65,139685,139686],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,139687,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,139689,139690,139692,139694,139696],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,139691,165],{"class":164},[65,139693,168],{"class":79},[65,139695,42788],{"class":147},[65,139697,174],{"class":79},[20,139699,191],{},[56,139701,139703],{"className":58,"code":139702,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139704,139705],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139706,139707,139709,139711,139713,139715,139717,139719,139721,139723,139725,139727,139729,139731,139733,139735,139737,139739,139741,139743,139746,139748],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139708,4054],{"class":79},[65,139710,203],{"class":83},[65,139712,7446],{"class":87},[65,139714,203],{"class":83},[65,139716,100],{"class":79},[65,139718,233],{"class":83},[65,139720,12329],{"class":87},[65,139722,203],{"class":83},[65,139724,100],{"class":79},[65,139726,233],{"class":83},[65,139728,133422],{"class":87},[65,139730,203],{"class":83},[65,139732,100],{"class":79},[65,139734,233],{"class":83},[65,139736,130047],{"class":87},[65,139738,203],{"class":83},[65,139740,100],{"class":79},[65,139742,233],{"class":83},[65,139744,139745],{"class":87},"useful",[65,139747,203],{"class":83},[65,139749,3786],{"class":79},[20,139751,139752],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1059,139754,139756,10729,139758],{"id":139755},"split-vs-split",[15,139757,60457],{},[15,139759,139760],{},"split(' ')",[20,139762,139763],{},"These are not the same.",[56,139765,139767],{"className":58,"code":139766,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139768,139769,139782,139786,139800],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139770,139771,139773,139775,139777,139780],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139772,34600],{"class":71},[65,139774,76],{"class":75},[65,139776,103],{"class":83},[65,139778,139779],{"class":87},"a  b   c",[65,139781,1650],{"class":83},[65,139783,139784],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,139785,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,139787,139788,139790,139792,139794,139796,139798],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,139789,165],{"class":164},[65,139791,168],{"class":79},[65,139793,34621],{"class":147},[65,139795,144],{"class":79},[65,139797,34381],{"class":147},[65,139799,980],{"class":79},[65,139801,139802,139804,139806,139808,139810,139812,139814,139816,139818],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,139803,165],{"class":164},[65,139805,168],{"class":79},[65,139807,34621],{"class":147},[65,139809,144],{"class":79},[65,139811,34381],{"class":147},[65,139813,168],{"class":79},[65,139815,84],{"class":83},[65,139817,103],{"class":83},[65,139819,1870],{"class":79},[20,139821,191],{},[56,139823,139825],{"className":58,"code":139824,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139826,139827,139855],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139828,139829,139831,139833,139835,139837,139839,139841,139843,139845,139847,139849,139851,139853],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139830,4054],{"class":79},[65,139832,203],{"class":83},[65,139834,88],{"class":87},[65,139836,203],{"class":83},[65,139838,100],{"class":79},[65,139840,233],{"class":83},[65,139842,106],{"class":87},[65,139844,203],{"class":83},[65,139846,100],{"class":79},[65,139848,233],{"class":83},[65,139850,120],{"class":87},[65,139852,203],{"class":83},[65,139854,3786],{"class":79},[65,139856,139857,139859,139861,139863,139865,139867,139869,139871,139873,139875,139877,139879,139881,139883,139885,139887,139889,139891,139893],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,139858,4054],{"class":79},[65,139860,203],{"class":83},[65,139862,88],{"class":87},[65,139864,203],{"class":83},[65,139866,100],{"class":79},[65,139868,3991],{"class":83},[65,139870,100],{"class":79},[65,139872,233],{"class":83},[65,139874,106],{"class":87},[65,139876,203],{"class":83},[65,139878,100],{"class":79},[65,139880,3991],{"class":83},[65,139882,100],{"class":79},[65,139884,3991],{"class":83},[65,139886,100],{"class":79},[65,139888,233],{"class":83},[65,139890,120],{"class":87},[65,139892,203],{"class":83},[65,139894,3786],{"class":79},[30,139896,139897,139902],{},[33,139898,139899,139901],{},[15,139900,60457],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[33,139903,139904,139907],{},[15,139905,139906],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139909,139910,139911,139915],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[88,139912,126282,139913,10885],{"href":136852},[15,139914,41572],{}," is often useful.",[51,139917,139919],{"id":139918},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139921,139922,139923,1028,139926,2339,139928,144],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139924,139925],{},"\",\"",[15,139927,133521],{},[15,139929,139930],{},"\"::\"",[20,139932,139933],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139935,139936],{},"Example with commas:",[56,139938,139940],{"className":58,"code":139939,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139941,139942,139954,139976,139980],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139943,139944,139946,139948,139950,139952],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139945,34600],{"class":71},[65,139947,76],{"class":75},[65,139949,103],{"class":83},[65,139951,139320],{"class":87},[65,139953,1650],{"class":83},[65,139955,139956,139958,139960,139962,139964,139966,139968,139970,139972,139974],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,139957,42756],{"class":71},[65,139959,76],{"class":75},[65,139961,42761],{"class":71},[65,139963,144],{"class":79},[65,139965,34381],{"class":147},[65,139967,168],{"class":79},[65,139969,84],{"class":83},[65,139971,100],{"class":87},[65,139973,84],{"class":83},[65,139975,174],{"class":79},[65,139977,139978],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,139979,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,139981,139982,139984,139986,139988],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,139983,165],{"class":164},[65,139985,168],{"class":79},[65,139987,42788],{"class":147},[65,139989,174],{"class":79},[20,139991,191],{},[56,139993,139994],{"className":58,"code":78377,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,139995,139996],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,139997,139998,140000,140002,140004,140006,140008,140010,140012,140014,140016,140018,140020,140022],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,139999,4054],{"class":79},[65,140001,203],{"class":83},[65,140003,4234],{"class":87},[65,140005,203],{"class":83},[65,140007,100],{"class":79},[65,140009,233],{"class":83},[65,140011,4243],{"class":87},[65,140013,203],{"class":83},[65,140015,100],{"class":79},[65,140017,233],{"class":83},[65,140019,4252],{"class":87},[65,140021,203],{"class":83},[65,140023,3786],{"class":79},[20,140025,140026],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[56,140028,140030],{"className":58,"code":140029,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140031,140032,140045,140067,140071],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140033,140034,140036,140038,140040,140043],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140035,34600],{"class":71},[65,140037,76],{"class":75},[65,140039,103],{"class":83},[65,140041,140042],{"class":87},"2024::10::31",[65,140044,1650],{"class":83},[65,140046,140047,140049,140051,140053,140055,140057,140059,140061,140063,140065],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,140048,42756],{"class":71},[65,140050,76],{"class":75},[65,140052,42761],{"class":71},[65,140054,144],{"class":79},[65,140056,34381],{"class":147},[65,140058,168],{"class":79},[65,140060,84],{"class":83},[65,140062,76594],{"class":87},[65,140064,84],{"class":83},[65,140066,174],{"class":79},[65,140068,140069],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,140070,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,140072,140073,140075,140077,140079],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,140074,165],{"class":164},[65,140076,168],{"class":79},[65,140078,42788],{"class":147},[65,140080,174],{"class":79},[20,140082,191],{},[56,140084,140086],{"className":58,"code":140085,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140087,140088],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140089,140090,140092,140094,140097,140099,140101,140103,140105,140107,140109,140111,140114,140116],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140091,4054],{"class":79},[65,140093,203],{"class":83},[65,140095,140096],{"class":87},"2024",[65,140098,203],{"class":83},[65,140100,100],{"class":79},[65,140102,233],{"class":83},[65,140104,2476],{"class":87},[65,140106,203],{"class":83},[65,140108,100],{"class":79},[65,140110,233],{"class":83},[65,140112,140113],{"class":87},"31",[65,140115,203],{"class":83},[65,140117,3786],{"class":79},[20,140119,140120],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140122,140123,140124,144],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[88,140125,128966],{"href":128965},[51,140127,8569,140129],{"id":140128},"using-maxsplit",[15,140130,139537],{},[20,140132,140133,140135],{},[15,140134,139537],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140137,140138],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140140,350],{},[56,140142,140144],{"className":58,"code":140143,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140145,140146,140159,140185,140189],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140147,140148,140150,140152,140154,140157],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140149,34600],{"class":71},[65,140151,76],{"class":75},[65,140153,103],{"class":83},[65,140155,140156],{"class":87},"name:age:city:country",[65,140158,1650],{"class":83},[65,140160,140161,140163,140165,140167,140169,140171,140173,140175,140177,140179,140181,140183],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,140162,42756],{"class":71},[65,140164,76],{"class":75},[65,140166,42761],{"class":71},[65,140168,144],{"class":79},[65,140170,34381],{"class":147},[65,140172,168],{"class":79},[65,140174,84],{"class":83},[65,140176,93],{"class":87},[65,140178,84],{"class":83},[65,140180,100],{"class":79},[65,140182,113],{"class":96},[65,140184,174],{"class":79},[65,140186,140187],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,140188,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,140190,140191,140193,140195,140197],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,140192,165],{"class":164},[65,140194,168],{"class":79},[65,140196,42788],{"class":147},[65,140198,174],{"class":79},[20,140200,191],{},[56,140202,140204],{"className":58,"code":140203,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140205,140206],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140207,140208,140210,140212,140214,140216,140218,140220,140222,140224,140226,140228,140231,140233],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140209,4054],{"class":79},[65,140211,203],{"class":83},[65,140213,369],{"class":87},[65,140215,203],{"class":83},[65,140217,100],{"class":79},[65,140219,233],{"class":83},[65,140221,387],{"class":87},[65,140223,203],{"class":83},[65,140225,100],{"class":79},[65,140227,233],{"class":83},[65,140229,140230],{"class":87},"city:country",[65,140232,203],{"class":83},[65,140234,3786],{"class":79},[20,140236,2325],{},[30,140238,140239,140244,140249],{},[33,140240,140241,140242],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140243,93],{},[33,140245,140246,140247],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140248,93],{},[33,140250,140251],{},"then stops",[20,140253,140254],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140256,52003],{},[56,140258,140260],{"className":58,"code":140259,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140261,140262,140275],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140263,140264,140266,140268,140270,140273],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140265,34600],{"class":71},[65,140267,76],{"class":75},[65,140269,103],{"class":83},[65,140271,140272],{"class":87},"apple banana cherry grape",[65,140274,1650],{"class":83},[65,140276,140277,140279,140281,140283,140285,140287,140289,140291,140293,140295,140297],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,140278,165],{"class":164},[65,140280,168],{"class":79},[65,140282,34621],{"class":147},[65,140284,144],{"class":79},[65,140286,34381],{"class":147},[65,140288,168],{"class":79},[65,140290,84],{"class":83},[65,140292,103],{"class":83},[65,140294,100],{"class":79},[65,140296,97],{"class":96},[65,140298,1870],{"class":79},[20,140300,191],{},[56,140302,140304],{"className":58,"code":140303,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140305,140306],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140307,140308,140310,140312,140314,140316,140318,140320,140323,140325],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140309,4054],{"class":79},[65,140311,203],{"class":83},[65,140313,4234],{"class":87},[65,140315,203],{"class":83},[65,140317,100],{"class":79},[65,140319,233],{"class":83},[65,140321,140322],{"class":87},"banana cherry grape",[65,140324,203],{"class":83},[65,140326,3786],{"class":79},[51,140328,252,140330,11842],{"id":140329},"what-split-returns",[15,140331,60457],{},[20,140333,140334,140335,140337,140338,144],{},"The result of ",[15,140336,60457],{}," is always a ",[46,140339,8244],{},[20,140341,140342],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140344,350],{},[56,140346,140348],{"className":58,"code":140347,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140349,140350,140363,140385,140389,140399,140413],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140351,140352,140354,140356,140358,140361],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140353,34600],{"class":71},[65,140355,76],{"class":75},[65,140357,103],{"class":83},[65,140359,140360],{"class":87},"cat,dog,bird",[65,140362,1650],{"class":83},[65,140364,140365,140367,140369,140371,140373,140375,140377,140379,140381,140383],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,140366,42756],{"class":71},[65,140368,76],{"class":75},[65,140370,42761],{"class":71},[65,140372,144],{"class":79},[65,140374,34381],{"class":147},[65,140376,168],{"class":79},[65,140378,84],{"class":83},[65,140380,100],{"class":87},[65,140382,84],{"class":83},[65,140384,174],{"class":79},[65,140386,140387],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,140388,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,140390,140391,140393,140395,140397],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,140392,165],{"class":164},[65,140394,168],{"class":79},[65,140396,42788],{"class":147},[65,140398,174],{"class":79},[65,140400,140401,140403,140405,140407,140409,140411],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,140402,165],{"class":164},[65,140404,168],{"class":79},[65,140406,3370],{"class":1368},[65,140408,168],{"class":79},[65,140410,42788],{"class":147},[65,140412,1870],{"class":79},[65,140414,140415,140417,140419,140421,140423,140425],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,140416,165],{"class":164},[65,140418,168],{"class":79},[65,140420,42788],{"class":147},[65,140422,4054],{"class":79},[65,140424,2267],{"class":96},[65,140426,4042],{"class":79},[20,140428,191],{},[56,140430,140432],{"className":58,"code":140431,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140433,140434,140462,140476],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140435,140436,140438,140440,140442,140444,140446,140448,140450,140452,140454,140456,140458,140460],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140437,4054],{"class":79},[65,140439,203],{"class":83},[65,140441,36963],{"class":87},[65,140443,203],{"class":83},[65,140445,100],{"class":79},[65,140447,233],{"class":83},[65,140449,58052],{"class":87},[65,140451,203],{"class":83},[65,140453,100],{"class":79},[65,140455,233],{"class":83},[65,140457,58069],{"class":87},[65,140459,203],{"class":83},[65,140461,3786],{"class":79},[65,140463,140464,140466,140468,140470,140472,140474],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,140465,3439],{"class":75},[65,140467,3442],{"class":1696},[65,140469,233],{"class":83},[65,140471,8244],{"class":87},[65,140473,203],{"class":83},[65,140475,3451],{"class":75},[65,140477,140478],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,140479,85396],{"class":71},[20,140481,140482],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[30,140484,140485,140488,140491],{},[33,140486,140487],{},"loop over it",[33,140489,140490],{},"access items by index",[33,140492,140493],{},"combine items again later",[20,140495,140496,140497,144],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[88,140498,126282,140500,10885],{"href":140499},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140501,133364],{},[20,140503,350],{},[56,140505,140507],{"className":58,"code":140506,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140508,140509,140541,140563,140567],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140510,140511,140513,140515,140517,140519,140521,140523,140525,140527,140529,140531,140533,140535,140537,140539],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140512,42756],{"class":71},[65,140514,76],{"class":75},[65,140516,3773],{"class":79},[65,140518,203],{"class":83},[65,140520,36963],{"class":87},[65,140522,203],{"class":83},[65,140524,100],{"class":79},[65,140526,233],{"class":83},[65,140528,58052],{"class":87},[65,140530,203],{"class":83},[65,140532,100],{"class":79},[65,140534,233],{"class":83},[65,140536,58069],{"class":87},[65,140538,203],{"class":83},[65,140540,3786],{"class":79},[65,140542,140543,140545,140547,140549,140551,140553,140555,140557,140559,140561],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,140544,34600],{"class":71},[65,140546,76],{"class":75},[65,140548,103],{"class":83},[65,140550,2169],{"class":87},[65,140552,84],{"class":83},[65,140554,144],{"class":79},[65,140556,133441],{"class":147},[65,140558,168],{"class":79},[65,140560,42788],{"class":147},[65,140562,174],{"class":79},[65,140564,140565],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,140566,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,140568,140569,140571,140573,140575],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,140570,165],{"class":164},[65,140572,168],{"class":79},[65,140574,34621],{"class":147},[65,140576,174],{"class":79},[20,140578,191],{},[56,140580,140582],{"className":58,"code":140581,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140583,140584],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140585,140586,140588,140590,140592,140594],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140587,36963],{"class":71},[65,140589,2169],{"class":75},[65,140591,58052],{"class":71},[65,140593,2169],{"class":75},[65,140595,140596],{"class":71},"bird\n",[51,140598,140600],{"id":140599},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140602,140603],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1059,140605,140607],{"id":140606},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[56,140609,140611],{"className":58,"code":140610,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140612,140613,140621],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140614,140615,140617,140619],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140616,34600],{"class":71},[65,140618,76],{"class":75},[65,140620,8032],{"class":83},[65,140622,140623,140625,140627,140629,140631,140633],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,140624,165],{"class":164},[65,140626,168],{"class":79},[65,140628,34621],{"class":147},[65,140630,144],{"class":79},[65,140632,34381],{"class":147},[65,140634,980],{"class":79},[20,140636,191],{},[56,140638,140639],{"className":58,"code":38214,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,140640,140641],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140642,140643],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140644,38214],{"class":79},[1059,140646,140648],{"id":140647},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[56,140650,140652],{"className":58,"code":140651,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140653,140654,140662],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140655,140656,140658,140660],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140657,34600],{"class":71},[65,140659,76],{"class":75},[65,140661,8032],{"class":83},[65,140663,140664,140666,140668,140670,140672,140674,140676,140678,140680,140682],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,140665,165],{"class":164},[65,140667,168],{"class":79},[65,140669,34621],{"class":147},[65,140671,144],{"class":79},[65,140673,34381],{"class":147},[65,140675,168],{"class":79},[65,140677,84],{"class":83},[65,140679,100],{"class":87},[65,140681,84],{"class":83},[65,140683,1870],{"class":79},[20,140685,191],{},[56,140687,140689],{"className":58,"code":140688,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['']\n",[15,140690,140691],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140692,140693,140695,140697],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140694,4054],{"class":79},[65,140696,3925],{"class":83},[65,140698,3786],{"class":79},[1059,140700,140702],{"id":140701},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140704,140705],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[56,140707,140709],{"className":58,"code":140708,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140710,140711,140723],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140712,140713,140715,140717,140719,140721],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140714,34600],{"class":71},[65,140716,76],{"class":75},[65,140718,103],{"class":83},[65,140720,3998],{"class":87},[65,140722,1650],{"class":83},[65,140724,140725,140727,140729,140731,140733,140735,140737,140739,140741,140743],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,140726,165],{"class":164},[65,140728,168],{"class":79},[65,140730,34621],{"class":147},[65,140732,144],{"class":79},[65,140734,34381],{"class":147},[65,140736,168],{"class":79},[65,140738,84],{"class":83},[65,140740,100],{"class":87},[65,140742,84],{"class":83},[65,140744,1870],{"class":79},[20,140746,191],{},[56,140748,140750],{"className":58,"code":140749,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"['hello']\n",[15,140751,140752],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140753,140754,140756,140758,140760,140762],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140755,4054],{"class":79},[65,140757,203],{"class":83},[65,140759,3998],{"class":87},[65,140761,203],{"class":83},[65,140763,3786],{"class":79},[51,140765,1553,140767],{"id":140766},"when-to-use-split",[15,140768,60457],{},[20,140770,1309,140771,140773],{},[15,140772,60457],{}," when you need to:",[30,140775,140776,140779,140782],{},[33,140777,140778],{},"split a sentence into words",[33,140780,140781],{},"split comma-separated values",[33,140783,140784],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140786,140787],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[30,140789,140790,140793,140796],{},[33,140791,140792],{},"cleaning text",[33,140794,140795],{},"parsing user input",[33,140797,140798],{},"processing simple file content",[51,140800,1766],{"id":1765},[20,140802,84167],{},[30,140804,140805,140809,140815,140818,140826],{},[33,140806,50428,140807,131502],{},[15,140808,60457],{},[33,140810,140811,140812,140814],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140813,60457],{}," returns a list, not a string",[33,140816,140817],{},"using the wrong separator",[33,140819,140820,140821,140823,140824],{},"assuming ",[15,140822,139760],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140825,60457],{},[33,140827,140828],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140830,140831],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[56,140833,140835],{"className":58,"code":140834,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140836,140837,140849,140867,140871],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140838,140839,140841,140843,140845,140847],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140840,34600],{"class":71},[65,140842,76],{"class":75},[65,140844,103],{"class":83},[65,140846,42749],{"class":87},[65,140848,1650],{"class":83},[65,140850,140851,140853,140855,140857,140859,140861,140863,140865],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,140852,34621],{"class":71},[65,140854,144],{"class":79},[65,140856,34381],{"class":147},[65,140858,168],{"class":79},[65,140860,84],{"class":83},[65,140862,100],{"class":87},[65,140864,84],{"class":83},[65,140866,174],{"class":79},[65,140868,140869],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,140870,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,140872,140873,140875,140877,140879],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,140874,165],{"class":164},[65,140876,168],{"class":79},[65,140878,34621],{"class":147},[65,140880,174],{"class":79},[20,140882,191],{},[56,140884,140886],{"className":58,"code":140885,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a,b,c\n",[15,140887,140888],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140889,140890,140892,140894,140896,140898],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140891,88],{"class":71},[65,140893,100],{"class":79},[65,140895,106],{"class":71},[65,140897,100],{"class":79},[65,140899,69173],{"class":71},[20,140901,140902],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140904,10952],{},[56,140906,140907],{"className":58,"code":42736,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,140908,140909,140921,140943,140947],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140910,140911,140913,140915,140917,140919],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140912,34600],{"class":71},[65,140914,76],{"class":75},[65,140916,103],{"class":83},[65,140918,42749],{"class":87},[65,140920,1650],{"class":83},[65,140922,140923,140925,140927,140929,140931,140933,140935,140937,140939,140941],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,140924,42756],{"class":71},[65,140926,76],{"class":75},[65,140928,42761],{"class":71},[65,140930,144],{"class":79},[65,140932,34381],{"class":147},[65,140934,168],{"class":79},[65,140936,84],{"class":83},[65,140938,100],{"class":87},[65,140940,84],{"class":83},[65,140942,174],{"class":79},[65,140944,140945],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,140946,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,140948,140949,140951,140953,140955],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,140950,165],{"class":164},[65,140952,168],{"class":79},[65,140954,42788],{"class":147},[65,140956,174],{"class":79},[20,140958,191],{},[56,140960,140961],{"className":58,"code":42795,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,140962,140963],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,140964,140965,140967,140969,140971,140973,140975,140977,140979,140981,140983,140985,140987,140989],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,140966,4054],{"class":79},[65,140968,203],{"class":83},[65,140970,88],{"class":87},[65,140972,203],{"class":83},[65,140974,100],{"class":79},[65,140976,233],{"class":83},[65,140978,106],{"class":87},[65,140980,203],{"class":83},[65,140982,100],{"class":79},[65,140984,233],{"class":83},[65,140986,120],{"class":87},[65,140988,203],{"class":83},[65,140990,3786],{"class":79},[20,140992,140993],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[56,140995,140997],{"className":58,"code":140996,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140998,140999,141012,141034,141038],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141000,141001,141003,141005,141007,141010],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141002,34600],{"class":71},[65,141004,76],{"class":75},[65,141006,103],{"class":83},[65,141008,141009],{"class":87},"apple,banana",[65,141011,1650],{"class":83},[65,141013,141014,141016,141018,141020,141022,141024,141026,141028,141030,141032],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,141015,42756],{"class":71},[65,141017,76],{"class":75},[65,141019,42761],{"class":71},[65,141021,144],{"class":79},[65,141023,34381],{"class":147},[65,141025,168],{"class":79},[65,141027,84],{"class":83},[65,141029,100],{"class":87},[65,141031,84],{"class":83},[65,141033,174],{"class":79},[65,141035,141036],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,141037,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,141039,141040,141042,141044,141046,141048,141050],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,141041,165],{"class":164},[65,141043,168],{"class":79},[65,141045,42788],{"class":147},[65,141047,4054],{"class":79},[65,141049,2204],{"class":96},[65,141051,4042],{"class":79},[20,141053,141054,141055,144],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[88,141056,69186],{"href":69185},[1059,141058,60636],{"id":60635},[20,141060,9026,141061,141063],{},[15,141062,60457],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[56,141065,141067],{"className":58,"code":141066,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141068,141069,141079,141093,141115,141141],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141070,141071,141073,141075,141077],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141072,165],{"class":164},[65,141074,168],{"class":79},[65,141076,34621],{"class":147},[65,141078,174],{"class":79},[65,141080,141081,141083,141085,141087,141089,141091],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,141082,165],{"class":164},[65,141084,168],{"class":79},[65,141086,34621],{"class":147},[65,141088,144],{"class":79},[65,141090,34381],{"class":147},[65,141092,980],{"class":79},[65,141094,141095,141097,141099,141101,141103,141105,141107,141109,141111,141113],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,141096,165],{"class":164},[65,141098,168],{"class":79},[65,141100,34621],{"class":147},[65,141102,144],{"class":79},[65,141104,34381],{"class":147},[65,141106,168],{"class":79},[65,141108,203],{"class":83},[65,141110,100],{"class":87},[65,141112,203],{"class":83},[65,141114,1870],{"class":79},[65,141116,141117,141119,141121,141123,141125,141127,141129,141131,141133,141135,141137,141139],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,141118,165],{"class":164},[65,141120,168],{"class":79},[65,141122,1863],{"class":164},[65,141124,168],{"class":79},[65,141126,34621],{"class":147},[65,141128,144],{"class":79},[65,141130,34381],{"class":147},[65,141132,168],{"class":79},[65,141134,203],{"class":83},[65,141136,100],{"class":87},[65,141138,203],{"class":83},[65,141140,3058],{"class":79},[65,141142,141143,141145,141147,141149,141151,141153,141155,141157,141159,141161,141163,141165],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,141144,165],{"class":164},[65,141146,168],{"class":79},[65,141148,3370],{"class":1368},[65,141150,168],{"class":79},[65,141152,34621],{"class":147},[65,141154,144],{"class":79},[65,141156,34381],{"class":147},[65,141158,168],{"class":79},[65,141160,203],{"class":83},[65,141162,100],{"class":87},[65,141164,203],{"class":83},[65,141166,3058],{"class":79},[20,141168,11315],{},[30,141170,141171,141174,141177,141180],{},[33,141172,141173],{},"what the original string looks like",[33,141175,141176],{},"which separator works",[33,141178,141179],{},"how many items were created",[33,141181,141182],{},"that the result is a list",[51,141184,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,141186,5330,141188,1048,141190,2637],{"id":141187},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141189,60457],{},[15,141191,139760],{},[20,141193,141194,141196],{},[15,141195,60457],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141198,141199,141201],{},[15,141200,139760],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1059,141203,1966,141205,124609],{"id":141204},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141206,60457],{},[20,141208,141209,141210,56403],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141211,60457],{},[1059,141213,1953,141215,39878],{"id":141214},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141216,139537],{},[20,141218,141219],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1059,141221,141223],{"id":141222},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141225,707,141226,141228],{},[15,141227,60457],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[51,141230,2015],{"id":2014},[30,141232,141233,141237,141243,141249,141253],{},[33,141234,141235],{},[88,141236,129887],{"href":128965},[33,141238,141239],{},[88,141240,126282,141241,10885],{"href":140499},[15,141242,133364],{},[33,141244,141245],{},[88,141246,126282,141247,10885],{"href":136852},[15,141248,41572],{},[33,141250,141251],{},[88,141252,125037],{"href":50898},[33,141254,141255],{},[88,141256,69186],{"href":69185},[2071,141258,141259],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":141261},[141262,141263,141265,141266,141271,141272,141274,141276,141281,141283,141286,141295],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":139367,"depth":133,"text":141264},"What split() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":139615,"depth":133,"text":141267,"children":141268},"Using split() with no separator",[141269],{"id":139755,"depth":154,"text":141270},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139918,"depth":133,"text":139919},{"id":140128,"depth":133,"text":141273},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140329,"depth":133,"text":141275},"What split() returns",{"id":140599,"depth":133,"text":140600,"children":141277},[141278,141279,141280],{"id":140606,"depth":154,"text":140607},{"id":140647,"depth":154,"text":140648},{"id":140701,"depth":154,"text":140702},{"id":140766,"depth":133,"text":141282},"When to use split()",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":141284},[141285],{"id":60635,"depth":154,"text":60636},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":141287},[141288,141290,141292,141294],{"id":141187,"depth":154,"text":141289},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141204,"depth":154,"text":141291},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141214,"depth":154,"text":141293},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141222,"depth":154,"text":141223},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139276,"description":141296},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141303,"title":141304,"body":141305,"description":143248,"extension":2111,"meta":143249,"navigation":157,"path":143250,"seo":143251,"stem":143252,"__hash__":143253},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141306,"toc":143207},[141307,141312,141317,141324,141397,141402,141407,141412,141428,141430,141500,141502,141504,141524,141526,141571,141576,141578,141676,141681,141685,141690,141694,141697,141739,141743,141746,141791,141795,141798,141848,141852,141857,141909,141911,141916,141927,141932,142012,142014,142026,142035,142042,142057,142059,142174,142180,142184,142187,142192,142334,142337,142344,142346,142350,142358,142427,142433,142482,142487,142492,142494,142514,142516,142582,142584,142588,142591,142595,142636,142638,142671,142676,142679,142706,142708,142751,142758,142763,142773,142839,142843,142851,142856,142907,142911,142914,142916,142925,142927,142977,142979,143086,143088,143093,143100,143106,143109,143140,143145,143147,143154,143162,143171,143174,143176,143204],[10,141308,123282,141310,18],{"id":141309},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141311,127650],{},[20,141313,123287,141314,141316],{},[15,141315,127650],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141318,126348,141319,3024,141321,141323],{},[15,141320,3753],{},[15,141322,3827],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[56,141325,141327],{"className":58,"code":141326,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141328,141329,141342,141346,141371],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141330,141331,141333,141335,141337,141340],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141332,34600],{"class":71},[65,141334,76],{"class":75},[65,141336,103],{"class":83},[65,141338,141339],{"class":87},"Python Beginner Help",[65,141341,1650],{"class":83},[65,141343,141344],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,141345,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,141347,141348,141350,141352,141354,141356,141359,141361,141363,141365,141367,141369],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,141349,165],{"class":164},[65,141351,168],{"class":79},[65,141353,34621],{"class":147},[65,141355,144],{"class":79},[65,141357,141358],{"class":147},"startswith",[65,141360,168],{"class":79},[65,141362,84],{"class":83},[65,141364,7446],{"class":87},[65,141366,84],{"class":83},[65,141368,5513],{"class":79},[65,141370,43775],{"class":3816},[65,141372,141373,141375,141377,141379,141381,141383,141385,141387,141390,141392,141394],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,141374,165],{"class":164},[65,141376,168],{"class":79},[65,141378,34621],{"class":147},[65,141380,144],{"class":79},[65,141382,141358],{"class":147},[65,141384,168],{"class":79},[65,141386,84],{"class":83},[65,141388,141389],{"class":87},"Beginner",[65,141391,84],{"class":83},[65,141393,5513],{"class":79},[65,141395,141396],{"class":3816}," # False\n",[20,141398,1309,141399,141401],{},[15,141400,127650],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[51,141403,252,141405,255],{"id":141404},"what-startswith-does",[15,141406,127650],{},[20,141408,141409,141411],{},[15,141410,127650],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[30,141413,141414,141417,141423,141425],{},[33,141415,141416],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[33,141418,5298,141419,3024,141421],{},[15,141420,3753],{},[15,141422,3827],{},[33,141424,123425],{},[33,141426,141427],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141429,350],{},[56,141431,141433],{"className":58,"code":141432,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141434,141435,141447,141451,141476],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141436,141437,141439,141441,141443,141445],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141438,8027],{"class":71},[65,141440,76],{"class":75},[65,141442,103],{"class":83},[65,141444,7446],{"class":87},[65,141446,1650],{"class":83},[65,141448,141449],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,141450,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,141452,141453,141455,141457,141459,141461,141463,141465,141467,141470,141472,141474],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,141454,165],{"class":164},[65,141456,168],{"class":79},[65,141458,369],{"class":147},[65,141460,144],{"class":79},[65,141462,141358],{"class":147},[65,141464,168],{"class":79},[65,141466,84],{"class":83},[65,141468,141469],{"class":87},"Py",[65,141471,84],{"class":83},[65,141473,5513],{"class":79},[65,141475,43775],{"class":3816},[65,141477,141478,141480,141482,141484,141486,141488,141490,141492,141494,141496,141498],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,141479,165],{"class":164},[65,141481,168],{"class":79},[65,141483,369],{"class":147},[65,141485,144],{"class":79},[65,141487,141358],{"class":147},[65,141489,168],{"class":79},[65,141491,84],{"class":83},[65,141493,128728],{"class":87},[65,141495,84],{"class":83},[65,141497,5513],{"class":79},[65,141499,43792],{"class":3816},[51,141501,283],{"id":282},[20,141503,42304],{},[56,141505,141507],{"className":58,"code":141506,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141508,141509],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141510,141511,141513,141515,141517,141519,141522],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141512,61100],{"class":71},[65,141514,144],{"class":79},[65,141516,141358],{"class":147},[65,141518,168],{"class":79},[65,141520,141521],{"class":147},"prefix",[65,141523,174],{"class":79},[20,141525,30674],{},[56,141527,141529],{"className":58,"code":141528,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141530,141531,141549],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141532,141533,141535,141537,141539,141541,141543,141545,141547],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141534,61100],{"class":71},[65,141536,144],{"class":79},[65,141538,141358],{"class":147},[65,141540,168],{"class":79},[65,141542,141521],{"class":147},[65,141544,100],{"class":79},[65,141546,35966],{"class":147},[65,141548,174],{"class":79},[65,141550,141551,141553,141555,141557,141559,141561,141563,141565,141567,141569],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,141552,61100],{"class":71},[65,141554,144],{"class":79},[65,141556,141358],{"class":147},[65,141558,168],{"class":79},[65,141560,141521],{"class":147},[65,141562,100],{"class":79},[65,141564,35966],{"class":147},[65,141566,100],{"class":79},[65,141568,64967],{"class":147},[65,141570,174],{"class":79},[20,141572,20886,141573,141575],{},[15,141574,141521],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141577,350],{},[56,141579,141581],{"className":58,"code":141580,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141582,141583,141595,141599,141624,141648],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141584,141585,141587,141589,141591,141593],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141586,34600],{"class":71},[65,141588,76],{"class":75},[65,141590,103],{"class":83},[65,141592,60332],{"class":87},[65,141594,1650],{"class":83},[65,141596,141597],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,141598,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,141600,141601,141603,141605,141607,141609,141611,141613,141615,141617,141619,141621],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,141602,165],{"class":164},[65,141604,168],{"class":79},[65,141606,34621],{"class":147},[65,141608,144],{"class":79},[65,141610,141358],{"class":147},[65,141612,168],{"class":79},[65,141614,84],{"class":83},[65,141616,3998],{"class":87},[65,141618,84],{"class":83},[65,141620,5513],{"class":79},[65,141622,141623],{"class":3816},"      # True\n",[65,141625,141626,141628,141630,141632,141634,141636,141638,141640,141642,141644,141646],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,141627,165],{"class":164},[65,141629,168],{"class":79},[65,141631,34621],{"class":147},[65,141633,144],{"class":79},[65,141635,141358],{"class":147},[65,141637,168],{"class":79},[65,141639,84],{"class":83},[65,141641,60517],{"class":87},[65,141643,84],{"class":83},[65,141645,5513],{"class":79},[65,141647,21316],{"class":3816},[65,141649,141650,141652,141654,141656,141658,141660,141662,141664,141666,141668,141670,141672,141674],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,141651,165],{"class":164},[65,141653,168],{"class":79},[65,141655,34621],{"class":147},[65,141657,144],{"class":79},[65,141659,141358],{"class":147},[65,141661,168],{"class":79},[65,141663,84],{"class":83},[65,141665,60517],{"class":87},[65,141667,84],{"class":83},[65,141669,100],{"class":79},[65,141671,37560],{"class":96},[65,141673,5513],{"class":79},[65,141675,43775],{"class":3816},[20,141677,141678,141679,144],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[88,141680,125037],{"href":50898},[51,141682,141684],{"id":141683},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141686,141687,141689],{},[15,141688,127650],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1059,141691,141692],{"id":141521},[15,141693,141521],{},[20,141695,141696],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[56,141698,141700],{"className":58,"code":141699,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141701,141702,141714],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141703,141704,141706,141708,141710,141712],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141705,34600],{"class":71},[65,141707,76],{"class":75},[65,141709,103],{"class":83},[65,141711,4243],{"class":87},[65,141713,1650],{"class":83},[65,141715,141716,141718,141720,141722,141724,141726,141728,141730,141733,141735,141737],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,141717,165],{"class":164},[65,141719,168],{"class":79},[65,141721,34621],{"class":147},[65,141723,144],{"class":79},[65,141725,141358],{"class":147},[65,141727,168],{"class":79},[65,141729,84],{"class":83},[65,141731,141732],{"class":87},"ban",[65,141734,84],{"class":83},[65,141736,5513],{"class":79},[65,141738,3817],{"class":3816},[1059,141740,141741],{"id":35987},[15,141742,35987],{},[20,141744,141745],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[56,141747,141749],{"className":58,"code":141748,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141750,141751,141763],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141752,141753,141755,141757,141759,141761],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141754,34600],{"class":71},[65,141756,76],{"class":75},[65,141758,103],{"class":83},[65,141760,60332],{"class":87},[65,141762,1650],{"class":83},[65,141764,141765,141767,141769,141771,141773,141775,141777,141779,141781,141783,141785,141787,141789],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,141766,165],{"class":164},[65,141768,168],{"class":79},[65,141770,34621],{"class":147},[65,141772,144],{"class":79},[65,141774,141358],{"class":147},[65,141776,168],{"class":79},[65,141778,84],{"class":83},[65,141780,60517],{"class":87},[65,141782,84],{"class":83},[65,141784,100],{"class":79},[65,141786,37560],{"class":96},[65,141788,5513],{"class":79},[65,141790,3817],{"class":3816},[1059,141792,141793],{"id":52584},[15,141794,52584],{},[20,141796,141797],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[56,141799,141801],{"className":58,"code":141800,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141802,141803,141815],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141804,141805,141807,141809,141811,141813],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141806,34600],{"class":71},[65,141808,76],{"class":75},[65,141810,103],{"class":83},[65,141812,60332],{"class":87},[65,141814,1650],{"class":83},[65,141816,141817,141819,141821,141823,141825,141827,141829,141831,141834,141836,141838,141840,141842,141844,141846],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,141818,165],{"class":164},[65,141820,168],{"class":79},[65,141822,34621],{"class":147},[65,141824,144],{"class":79},[65,141826,141358],{"class":147},[65,141828,168],{"class":79},[65,141830,84],{"class":83},[65,141832,141833],{"class":87},"wor",[65,141835,84],{"class":83},[65,141837,100],{"class":79},[65,141839,37560],{"class":96},[65,141841,100],{"class":79},[65,141843,54060],{"class":96},[65,141845,5513],{"class":79},[65,141847,3817],{"class":3816},[1059,141849,141851],{"id":141850},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141853,141854,141856],{},[15,141855,141521],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[56,141858,141860],{"className":58,"code":141859,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141861,141862,141875],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141863,141864,141866,141868,141870,141873],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141865,126365],{"class":71},[65,141867,76],{"class":75},[65,141869,103],{"class":83},[65,141871,141872],{"class":87},"img_001.png",[65,141874,1650],{"class":83},[65,141876,141877,141879,141881,141883,141885,141887,141889,141891,141894,141896,141898,141900,141903,141905,141907],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,141878,165],{"class":164},[65,141880,168],{"class":79},[65,141882,126383],{"class":147},[65,141884,144],{"class":79},[65,141886,141358],{"class":147},[65,141888,5662],{"class":79},[65,141890,84],{"class":83},[65,141892,141893],{"class":87},"img_",[65,141895,84],{"class":83},[65,141897,100],{"class":79},[65,141899,103],{"class":83},[65,141901,141902],{"class":87},"photo_",[65,141904,84],{"class":83},[65,141906,51014],{"class":79},[65,141908,3817],{"class":3816},[51,141910,17533],{"id":17532},[20,141912,141913,141915],{},[15,141914,127650],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[30,141917,141918,141923],{},[33,141919,141920,141922],{},[15,141921,3753],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[33,141924,141925,126967],{},[15,141926,3827],{},[20,141928,141929,141930,7322],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141931,1406],{},[56,141933,141935],{"className":58,"code":141934,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141936,141937,141951,141955,141976,141991,141997],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,141938,141939,141942,141944,141946,141949],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,141940,141941],{"class":71},"command ",[65,141943,76],{"class":75},[65,141945,103],{"class":83},[65,141947,141948],{"class":87},"\u002Fhelp",[65,141950,1650],{"class":83},[65,141952,141953],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,141954,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,141956,141957,141959,141962,141964,141966,141968,141970,141972,141974],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,141958,1406],{"class":1405},[65,141960,141961],{"class":71}," command",[65,141963,144],{"class":79},[65,141965,141358],{"class":147},[65,141967,168],{"class":79},[65,141969,84],{"class":83},[65,141971,127174],{"class":87},[65,141973,84],{"class":83},[65,141975,8493],{"class":79},[65,141977,141978,141980,141982,141984,141987,141989],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,141979,1431],{"class":164},[65,141981,168],{"class":79},[65,141983,84],{"class":83},[65,141985,141986],{"class":87},"This looks like a command.",[65,141988,84],{"class":83},[65,141990,174],{"class":79},[65,141992,141993,141995],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,141994,1442],{"class":1405},[65,141996,1411],{"class":79},[65,141998,141999,142001,142003,142005,142008,142010],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,142000,1431],{"class":164},[65,142002,168],{"class":79},[65,142004,84],{"class":83},[65,142006,142007],{"class":87},"This is normal text.",[65,142009,84],{"class":83},[65,142011,174],{"class":79},[20,142013,191],{},[56,142015,142017],{"className":58,"code":142016,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142018,142019],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142020,142021,142024],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142022,142023],{"class":71},"This looks like a command",[65,142025,122314],{"class":79},[51,142027,8569,142029,8855,142031,1048,142033],{"id":142028},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142030,127650],{},[15,142032,35987],{},[15,142034,52584],{},[20,142036,22,142037,1048,142039,142041],{},[15,142038,35987],{},[15,142040,52584],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[30,142043,142044,142049,142054],{},[33,142045,142046,142048],{},[15,142047,35987],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[33,142050,142051,142053],{},[15,142052,52584],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[33,142055,142056],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142058,350],{},[56,142060,142062],{"className":58,"code":142061,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142063,142064,142076,142080,142109,142142],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142065,142066,142068,142070,142072,142074],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142067,34600],{"class":71},[65,142069,76],{"class":75},[65,142071,103],{"class":83},[65,142073,139561],{"class":87},[65,142075,1650],{"class":83},[65,142077,142078],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,142079,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,142081,142082,142084,142086,142088,142090,142092,142094,142096,142098,142100,142102,142104,142106],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,142083,165],{"class":164},[65,142085,168],{"class":79},[65,142087,34621],{"class":147},[65,142089,144],{"class":79},[65,142091,141358],{"class":147},[65,142093,168],{"class":79},[65,142095,84],{"class":83},[65,142097,79198],{"class":87},[65,142099,84],{"class":83},[65,142101,100],{"class":79},[65,142103,2602],{"class":96},[65,142105,5513],{"class":79},[65,142107,142108],{"class":3816},"        # True\n",[65,142110,142111,142113,142115,142117,142119,142121,142123,142125,142127,142129,142131,142133,142135,142138,142140],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,142112,165],{"class":164},[65,142114,168],{"class":79},[65,142116,34621],{"class":147},[65,142118,144],{"class":79},[65,142120,141358],{"class":147},[65,142122,168],{"class":79},[65,142124,84],{"class":83},[65,142126,134168],{"class":87},[65,142128,84],{"class":83},[65,142130,100],{"class":79},[65,142132,6513],{"class":96},[65,142134,100],{"class":79},[65,142136,142137],{"class":96}," 13",[65,142139,5513],{"class":79},[65,142141,3817],{"class":3816},[65,142143,142144,142146,142148,142150,142152,142154,142156,142158,142160,142162,142164,142166,142168,142170,142172],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,142145,165],{"class":164},[65,142147,168],{"class":79},[65,142149,34621],{"class":147},[65,142151,144],{"class":79},[65,142153,141358],{"class":147},[65,142155,168],{"class":79},[65,142157,84],{"class":83},[65,142159,134168],{"class":87},[65,142161,84],{"class":83},[65,142163,100],{"class":79},[65,142165,6513],{"class":96},[65,142167,100],{"class":79},[65,142169,30853],{"class":96},[65,142171,5513],{"class":79},[65,142173,4927],{"class":3816},[20,142175,142176,142177,142179],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142178,52584],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[51,142181,142183],{"id":142182},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142185,142186],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142188,142189,142190,49270],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142191,40755],{},[56,142193,142195],{"className":58,"code":142194,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142196,142197,142211,142225,142239,142243,142267,142271,142292,142313],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142198,142199,142202,142204,142206,142209],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142200,142201],{"class":71},"filename1 ",[65,142203,76],{"class":75},[65,142205,103],{"class":83},[65,142207,142208],{"class":87},"img_101.jpg",[65,142210,1650],{"class":83},[65,142212,142213,142216,142218,142220,142223],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,142214,142215],{"class":71},"filename2 ",[65,142217,76],{"class":75},[65,142219,103],{"class":83},[65,142221,142222],{"class":87},"photo_202.jpg",[65,142224,1650],{"class":83},[65,142226,142227,142230,142232,142234,142237],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,142228,142229],{"class":71},"filename3 ",[65,142231,76],{"class":75},[65,142233,103],{"class":83},[65,142235,142236],{"class":87},"doc_303.jpg",[65,142238,1650],{"class":83},[65,142240,142241],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,142242,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,142244,142245,142247,142249,142251,142253,142255,142257,142259,142261,142263,142265],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,142246,127577],{"class":71},[65,142248,76],{"class":75},[65,142250,648],{"class":79},[65,142252,84],{"class":83},[65,142254,141893],{"class":87},[65,142256,84],{"class":83},[65,142258,100],{"class":79},[65,142260,103],{"class":83},[65,142262,141902],{"class":87},[65,142264,84],{"class":83},[65,142266,174],{"class":79},[65,142268,142269],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,142270,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,142272,142273,142275,142277,142280,142282,142284,142286,142288,142290],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,142274,165],{"class":164},[65,142276,168],{"class":79},[65,142278,142279],{"class":147},"filename1",[65,142281,144],{"class":79},[65,142283,141358],{"class":147},[65,142285,168],{"class":79},[65,142287,127629],{"class":147},[65,142289,5513],{"class":79},[65,142291,3817],{"class":3816},[65,142293,142294,142296,142298,142301,142303,142305,142307,142309,142311],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,142295,165],{"class":164},[65,142297,168],{"class":79},[65,142299,142300],{"class":147},"filename2",[65,142302,144],{"class":79},[65,142304,141358],{"class":147},[65,142306,168],{"class":79},[65,142308,127629],{"class":147},[65,142310,5513],{"class":79},[65,142312,3817],{"class":3816},[65,142314,142315,142317,142319,142322,142324,142326,142328,142330,142332],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,142316,165],{"class":164},[65,142318,168],{"class":79},[65,142320,142321],{"class":147},"filename3",[65,142323,144],{"class":79},[65,142325,141358],{"class":147},[65,142327,168],{"class":79},[65,142329,127629],{"class":147},[65,142331,5513],{"class":79},[65,142333,4927],{"class":3816},[20,142335,142336],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142338,74699,142339,142343],{},[88,142340,126282,142341,10885],{"href":129876},[15,142342,126340],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[51,142345,123929],{"id":123928},[20,142347,142348,123740],{},[15,142349,127650],{},[20,142351,127327,142352,1048,142355,127334],{},[15,142353,142354],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142356,142357],{},"\"python\"",[56,142359,142361],{"className":58,"code":142360,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142362,142363,142375,142379,142403],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142364,142365,142367,142369,142371,142373],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142366,34600],{"class":71},[65,142368,76],{"class":75},[65,142370,103],{"class":83},[65,142372,7446],{"class":87},[65,142374,1650],{"class":83},[65,142376,142377],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,142378,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,142380,142381,142383,142385,142387,142389,142391,142393,142395,142397,142399,142401],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,142382,165],{"class":164},[65,142384,168],{"class":79},[65,142386,34621],{"class":147},[65,142388,144],{"class":79},[65,142390,141358],{"class":147},[65,142392,168],{"class":79},[65,142394,84],{"class":83},[65,142396,141469],{"class":87},[65,142398,84],{"class":83},[65,142400,5513],{"class":79},[65,142402,3817],{"class":3816},[65,142404,142405,142407,142409,142411,142413,142415,142417,142419,142421,142423,142425],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,142406,165],{"class":164},[65,142408,168],{"class":79},[65,142410,34621],{"class":147},[65,142412,144],{"class":79},[65,142414,141358],{"class":147},[65,142416,168],{"class":79},[65,142418,84],{"class":83},[65,142420,128728],{"class":87},[65,142422,84],{"class":83},[65,142424,5513],{"class":79},[65,142426,4927],{"class":3816},[20,142428,127419,142429,144],{},[88,142430,142431],{"href":124009},[15,142432,124012],{},[56,142434,142436],{"className":58,"code":142435,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142437,142438,142450,142454],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142439,142440,142442,142444,142446,142448],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142441,34600],{"class":71},[65,142443,76],{"class":75},[65,142445,103],{"class":83},[65,142447,7446],{"class":87},[65,142449,1650],{"class":83},[65,142451,142452],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,142453,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,142455,142456,142458,142460,142462,142464,142466,142468,142470,142472,142474,142476,142478,142480],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,142457,165],{"class":164},[65,142459,168],{"class":79},[65,142461,34621],{"class":147},[65,142463,144],{"class":79},[65,142465,8791],{"class":147},[65,142467,8788],{"class":79},[65,142469,141358],{"class":147},[65,142471,168],{"class":79},[65,142473,84],{"class":83},[65,142475,128728],{"class":87},[65,142477,84],{"class":83},[65,142479,5513],{"class":79},[65,142481,3817],{"class":3816},[51,142483,1553,142485],{"id":142484},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142486,127650],{},[20,142488,142489,142491],{},[15,142490,127650],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142493,9519],{},[30,142495,142496,142499,142502,142511],{},[33,142497,142498],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[33,142500,142501],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[33,142503,142504,142505,3024,142508],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142506,142507],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142509,142510],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[33,142512,142513],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142515,350],{},[56,142517,142519],{"className":58,"code":142518,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142520,142521,142534,142538,142567],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142522,142523,142525,142527,142529,142532],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142524,127145],{"class":71},[65,142526,76],{"class":75},[65,142528,103],{"class":83},[65,142530,142531],{"class":87},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[65,142533,1650],{"class":83},[65,142535,142536],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,142537,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,142539,142540,142542,142545,142547,142549,142551,142553,142555,142557,142559,142561,142563,142565],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,142541,1406],{"class":1405},[65,142543,142544],{"class":71}," url",[65,142546,144],{"class":79},[65,142548,141358],{"class":147},[65,142550,5662],{"class":79},[65,142552,84],{"class":83},[65,142554,142507],{"class":87},[65,142556,84],{"class":83},[65,142558,100],{"class":79},[65,142560,103],{"class":83},[65,142562,142510],{"class":87},[65,142564,84],{"class":83},[65,142566,69490],{"class":79},[65,142568,142569,142571,142573,142575,142578,142580],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,142570,1431],{"class":164},[65,142572,168],{"class":79},[65,142574,84],{"class":83},[65,142576,142577],{"class":87},"This looks like a web URL.",[65,142579,84],{"class":83},[65,142581,174],{"class":79},[51,142583,1766],{"id":1765},[20,142585,23202,142586,144],{},[15,142587,127650],{},[1059,142589,138722],{"id":142590},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142592,142593,123740],{},[15,142594,127650],{},[56,142596,142598],{"className":58,"code":142597,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142599,142600,142612],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142601,142602,142604,142606,142608,142610],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142603,34600],{"class":71},[65,142605,76],{"class":75},[65,142607,103],{"class":83},[65,142609,7446],{"class":87},[65,142611,1650],{"class":83},[65,142613,142614,142616,142618,142620,142622,142624,142626,142628,142630,142632,142634],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,142615,165],{"class":164},[65,142617,168],{"class":79},[65,142619,34621],{"class":147},[65,142621,144],{"class":79},[65,142623,141358],{"class":147},[65,142625,168],{"class":79},[65,142627,84],{"class":83},[65,142629,60],{"class":87},[65,142631,84],{"class":83},[65,142633,5513],{"class":79},[65,142635,4927],{"class":3816},[20,142637,39179],{},[56,142639,142641],{"className":58,"code":142640,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142642,142643],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142644,142645,142647,142649,142651,142653,142655,142657,142659,142661,142663,142665,142667,142669],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142646,165],{"class":164},[65,142648,168],{"class":79},[65,142650,34621],{"class":147},[65,142652,144],{"class":79},[65,142654,8791],{"class":147},[65,142656,8788],{"class":79},[65,142658,141358],{"class":147},[65,142660,168],{"class":79},[65,142662,84],{"class":83},[65,142664,60],{"class":87},[65,142666,84],{"class":83},[65,142668,5513],{"class":79},[65,142670,3817],{"class":3816},[1059,142672,1326,142674,137204],{"id":142673},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142675,127650],{},[20,142677,142678],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[56,142680,142682],{"className":58,"code":142681,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142683,142684,142692,142696,142701],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142685,142686,142688,142690],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142687,1189],{"class":71},[65,142689,76],{"class":75},[65,142691,124964],{"class":96},[65,142693,142694],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,142695,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,142697,142698],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,142699,142700],{"class":3816},"# This will cause an error:\n",[65,142702,142703],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,142704,142705],{"class":3816},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142707,39179],{},[56,142709,142711],{"className":58,"code":142710,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142712,142713,142727],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142714,142715,142717,142719,142721,142723,142725],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142716,1189],{"class":71},[65,142718,76],{"class":75},[65,142720,48826],{"class":1368},[65,142722,168],{"class":79},[65,142724,50168],{"class":96},[65,142726,174],{"class":79},[65,142728,142729,142731,142733,142735,142737,142739,142741,142743,142745,142747,142749],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,142730,165],{"class":164},[65,142732,168],{"class":79},[65,142734,1714],{"class":147},[65,142736,144],{"class":79},[65,142738,141358],{"class":147},[65,142740,168],{"class":79},[65,142742,84],{"class":83},[65,142744,3135],{"class":87},[65,142746,84],{"class":83},[65,142748,5513],{"class":79},[65,142750,3817],{"class":3816},[1059,142752,37120,142754,8855,142756],{"id":142753},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142755,127650],{},[15,142757,4036],{},[20,142759,142760,142762],{},[15,142761,127650],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142764,142765,142766,142768,142769,144],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142767,4036],{}," or methods like ",[88,142770,142771],{"href":124292},[15,142772,124277],{},[56,142774,142776],{"className":58,"code":142775,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142777,142778,142790,142794,142818],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142779,142780,142782,142784,142786,142788],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142781,34600],{"class":71},[65,142783,76],{"class":75},[65,142785,103],{"class":83},[65,142787,60332],{"class":87},[65,142789,1650],{"class":83},[65,142791,142792],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,142793,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,142795,142796,142798,142800,142802,142804,142806,142808,142810,142812,142814,142816],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,142797,165],{"class":164},[65,142799,168],{"class":79},[65,142801,34621],{"class":147},[65,142803,144],{"class":79},[65,142805,141358],{"class":147},[65,142807,168],{"class":79},[65,142809,84],{"class":83},[65,142811,60517],{"class":87},[65,142813,84],{"class":83},[65,142815,5513],{"class":79},[65,142817,4927],{"class":3816},[65,142819,142820,142822,142824,142826,142828,142830,142832,142834,142836],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,142821,165],{"class":164},[65,142823,168],{"class":79},[65,142825,84],{"class":83},[65,142827,60517],{"class":87},[65,142829,84],{"class":83},[65,142831,21289],{"class":1405},[65,142833,42761],{"class":147},[65,142835,3813],{"class":79},[65,142837,142838],{"class":3816},"           # True\n",[20,142840,135756,142841,144],{},[88,142842,127318],{"href":123537},[1059,142844,1812,142846,1048,142848,142850],{"id":142845},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142847,35987],{},[15,142849,52584],{}," use index positions",[20,142852,142853,142854,144],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142855,2267],{},[56,142857,142859],{"className":58,"code":142858,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142860,142861,142874,142878],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142862,142863,142865,142867,142869,142872],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142864,34600],{"class":71},[65,142866,76],{"class":75},[65,142868,103],{"class":83},[65,142870,142871],{"class":87},"abcdef",[65,142873,1650],{"class":83},[65,142875,142876],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,142877,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,142879,142880,142882,142884,142886,142888,142890,142892,142894,142897,142899,142901,142903,142905],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,142881,165],{"class":164},[65,142883,168],{"class":79},[65,142885,34621],{"class":147},[65,142887,144],{"class":79},[65,142889,141358],{"class":147},[65,142891,168],{"class":79},[65,142893,84],{"class":83},[65,142895,142896],{"class":87},"cd",[65,142898,84],{"class":83},[65,142900,100],{"class":79},[65,142902,113],{"class":96},[65,142904,5513],{"class":79},[65,142906,3817],{"class":3816},[1059,142908,142910],{"id":142909},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142912,142913],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142915,16764],{},[56,142917,142919],{"className":58,"code":142918,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142920,142921],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142922,142923],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142924,142918],{"class":3816},[20,142926,16776],{},[56,142928,142930],{"className":58,"code":142929,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142931,142932,142944],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142933,142934,142936,142938,142940,142942],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142935,34600],{"class":71},[65,142937,76],{"class":75},[65,142939,103],{"class":83},[65,142941,7446],{"class":87},[65,142943,1650],{"class":83},[65,142945,142946,142948,142950,142952,142954,142956,142958,142960,142962,142964,142966,142968,142971,142973,142975],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,142947,165],{"class":164},[65,142949,168],{"class":79},[65,142951,34621],{"class":147},[65,142953,144],{"class":79},[65,142955,141358],{"class":147},[65,142957,5662],{"class":79},[65,142959,84],{"class":83},[65,142961,141469],{"class":87},[65,142963,84],{"class":83},[65,142965,100],{"class":79},[65,142967,103],{"class":83},[65,142969,142970],{"class":87},"Ja",[65,142972,84],{"class":83},[65,142974,51014],{"class":79},[65,142976,3817],{"class":3816},[20,142978,31993],{},[56,142980,142982],{"className":58,"code":142981,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142983,142984,142994,143008,143030,143056],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,142985,142986,142988,142990,142992],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,142987,165],{"class":164},[65,142989,168],{"class":79},[65,142991,34621],{"class":147},[65,142993,174],{"class":79},[65,142995,142996,142998,143000,143002,143004,143006],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,142997,165],{"class":164},[65,142999,168],{"class":79},[65,143001,3370],{"class":1368},[65,143003,168],{"class":79},[65,143005,34621],{"class":147},[65,143007,1870],{"class":79},[65,143009,143010,143012,143014,143016,143018,143020,143022,143024,143026,143028],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,143011,165],{"class":164},[65,143013,168],{"class":79},[65,143015,34621],{"class":147},[65,143017,144],{"class":79},[65,143019,141358],{"class":147},[65,143021,168],{"class":79},[65,143023,84],{"class":83},[65,143025,141469],{"class":87},[65,143027,84],{"class":83},[65,143029,1870],{"class":79},[65,143031,143032,143034,143036,143038,143040,143042,143044,143046,143048,143050,143052,143054],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,143033,165],{"class":164},[65,143035,168],{"class":79},[65,143037,34621],{"class":147},[65,143039,144],{"class":79},[65,143041,8791],{"class":147},[65,143043,8788],{"class":79},[65,143045,141358],{"class":147},[65,143047,168],{"class":79},[65,143049,84],{"class":83},[65,143051,128728],{"class":87},[65,143053,84],{"class":83},[65,143055,1870],{"class":79},[65,143057,143058,143060,143062,143064,143066,143068,143070,143072,143074,143076,143078,143080,143082,143084],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,143059,165],{"class":164},[65,143061,168],{"class":79},[65,143063,34621],{"class":147},[65,143065,144],{"class":79},[65,143067,141358],{"class":147},[65,143069,5662],{"class":79},[65,143071,84],{"class":83},[65,143073,141469],{"class":87},[65,143075,84],{"class":83},[65,143077,100],{"class":79},[65,143079,103],{"class":83},[65,143081,142970],{"class":87},[65,143083,84],{"class":83},[65,143085,3058],{"class":79},[51,143087,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,143089,1966,143091,128128],{"id":143090},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143092,127650],{},[20,143094,143095,143096,3024,143098,144],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143097,3753],{},[15,143099,3827],{},[1059,143101,5320,143103,143105],{"id":143102},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143104,127650],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143107,143108],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[56,143110,143112],{"className":58,"code":143111,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143113,143114],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143115,143116,143118,143120,143122,143124,143126,143128,143130,143132,143134,143136,143138],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143117,34621],{"class":71},[65,143119,144],{"class":79},[65,143121,141358],{"class":147},[65,143123,5662],{"class":79},[65,143125,84],{"class":83},[65,143127,88],{"class":87},[65,143129,84],{"class":83},[65,143131,100],{"class":79},[65,143133,103],{"class":83},[65,143135,106],{"class":87},[65,143137,84],{"class":83},[65,143139,1870],{"class":79},[1059,143141,15029,143143,124618],{"id":143142},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143144,127650],{},[20,143146,129811],{},[1059,143148,5330,143150,1048,143152,2637],{"id":143149},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143151,127650],{},[15,143153,4036],{},[20,143155,143156,143158,143159,143161],{},[15,143157,127650],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143160,4036],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1059,143163,28432,143165,1048,143167,8855,143169,2637],{"id":143164},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143166,35987],{},[15,143168,52584],{},[15,143170,127650],{},[20,143172,143173],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[51,143175,2015],{"id":2014},[30,143177,143178,143184,143190,143196,143200],{},[33,143179,143180],{},[88,143181,126282,143182,10885],{"href":129876},[15,143183,126340],{},[33,143185,143186],{},[88,143187,126282,143188,10885],{"href":124292},[15,143189,124277],{},[33,143191,143192],{},[88,143193,126282,143194,10885],{"href":124009},[15,143195,124012],{},[33,143197,143198],{},[88,143199,124681],{"href":123537},[33,143201,143202],{},[88,143203,125037],{"href":50898},[2071,143205,143206],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":143208},[143209,143211,143212,143218,143219,143221,143222,143223,143225,143235,143247],{"id":141404,"depth":133,"text":143210},"What startswith() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":141683,"depth":133,"text":141684,"children":143213},[143214,143215,143216,143217],{"id":141521,"depth":154,"text":141521},{"id":35987,"depth":154,"text":35987},{"id":52584,"depth":154,"text":52584},{"id":141850,"depth":154,"text":141851},{"id":17532,"depth":133,"text":17533},{"id":142028,"depth":133,"text":143220},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142182,"depth":133,"text":142183},{"id":123928,"depth":133,"text":123929},{"id":142484,"depth":133,"text":143224},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":143226},[143227,143228,143230,143232,143234],{"id":142590,"depth":154,"text":138722},{"id":142673,"depth":154,"text":143229},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142753,"depth":154,"text":143231},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142845,"depth":154,"text":143233},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142909,"depth":154,"text":142910},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":143236},[143237,143239,143241,143243,143245],{"id":143090,"depth":154,"text":143238},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143102,"depth":154,"text":143240},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143142,"depth":154,"text":143242},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143149,"depth":154,"text":143244},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143164,"depth":154,"text":143246},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141304,"description":143248},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143255,"title":143256,"body":143257,"description":144711,"extension":2111,"meta":144712,"navigation":157,"path":144713,"seo":144714,"stem":144715,"__hash__":144716},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143258,"toc":144681},[143259,143264,143269,143272,143274,143318,143320,143328,143333,143338,143343,143345,143363,143365,143411,143413,143427,143436,143440,143442,143444,143456,143461,143464,143496,143498,143507,143512,143515,143556,143558,143566,143568,143581,143587,143591,143594,143610,143612,143661,143663,143672,143675,143734,143736,143745,143752,143755,143808,143810,143834,143841,143847,143851,143857,143860,143871,143873,143913,143915,143923,143925,143965,143967,143976,143978,143996,143999,144006,144017,144020,144037,144039,144116,144118,144149,144152,144154,144157,144183,144185,144225,144227,144236,144246,144254,144262,144267,144272,144274,144288,144290,144341,144343,144352,144362,144364,144366,144388,144391,144470,144472,144508,144511,144586,144591,144593,144599,144604,144609,144612,144618,144621,144628,144636,144640,144648,144650,144678],[10,143260,123282,143262,18],{"id":143261},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143263,41572],{},[20,143265,32228,143266,143268],{},[15,143267,41572],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143270,143271],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[51,143273,3758],{"id":3757},[56,143275,143277],{"className":58,"code":143276,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143278,143279,143292,143307],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143280,143281,143283,143285,143287,143290],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143282,34600],{"class":71},[65,143284,76],{"class":75},[65,143286,103],{"class":83},[65,143288,143289],{"class":87},"  hello  ",[65,143291,1650],{"class":83},[65,143293,143294,143297,143299,143301,143303,143305],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,143295,143296],{"class":71},"clean_text ",[65,143298,76],{"class":75},[65,143300,42761],{"class":71},[65,143302,144],{"class":79},[65,143304,8785],{"class":147},[65,143306,151],{"class":79},[65,143308,143309,143311,143313,143316],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,143310,165],{"class":164},[65,143312,168],{"class":79},[65,143314,143315],{"class":147},"clean_text",[65,143317,174],{"class":79},[20,143319,191],{},[56,143321,143322],{"className":58,"code":138597,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,143323,143324],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143325,143326],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143327,138597],{"class":71},[20,143329,1309,143330,143332],{},[15,143331,41572],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[51,143334,252,143336,255],{"id":143335},"what-strip-does",[15,143337,41572],{},[20,143339,143340,143342],{},[15,143341,41572],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143344,13182],{},[30,143346,143347,143351,143354,143357,143360],{},[33,143348,143349,131632],{},[15,143350,41572],{},[33,143352,143353],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[33,143355,143356],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[33,143358,143359],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[33,143361,143362],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143364,350],{},[56,143366,143368],{"className":58,"code":143367,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143369,143370,143383,143387,143401],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143371,143372,143374,143376,143378,143381],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143373,34600],{"class":71},[65,143375,76],{"class":75},[65,143377,103],{"class":83},[65,143379,143380],{"class":87},"  hello world  ",[65,143382,1650],{"class":83},[65,143384,143385],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,143386,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,143388,143389,143391,143393,143395,143397,143399],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,143390,165],{"class":164},[65,143392,168],{"class":79},[65,143394,34621],{"class":147},[65,143396,144],{"class":79},[65,143398,8785],{"class":147},[65,143400,980],{"class":79},[65,143402,143403,143405,143407,143409],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,143404,165],{"class":164},[65,143406,168],{"class":79},[65,143408,34621],{"class":147},[65,143410,174],{"class":79},[20,143412,191],{},[56,143414,143416],{"className":58,"code":143415,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143417,143418,143422],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143419,143420],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143421,134298],{"class":71},[65,143423,143424],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,143425,143426],{"class":71},"  hello world\n",[20,143428,143429,143430,143432,143433,143435],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143431,41572],{},", but the original ",[15,143434,34621],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143437,125034,143438,144],{},[88,143439,125037],{"href":50898},[51,143441,283],{"id":282},[20,143443,26593],{},[30,143445,143446,143451],{},[33,143447,143448],{},[15,143449,143450],{},"string.strip()",[33,143452,143453],{},[15,143454,143455],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1059,143457,143459],{"id":143458},"stringstrip",[15,143460,143450],{},[20,143462,143463],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[56,143465,143467],{"className":58,"code":143466,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143468,143469,143482],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143470,143471,143473,143475,143477,143480],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143472,8027],{"class":71},[65,143474,76],{"class":75},[65,143476,103],{"class":83},[65,143478,143479],{"class":87},"  Alice  ",[65,143481,1650],{"class":83},[65,143483,143484,143486,143488,143490,143492,143494],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,143485,165],{"class":164},[65,143487,168],{"class":79},[65,143489,369],{"class":147},[65,143491,144],{"class":79},[65,143493,8785],{"class":147},[65,143495,980],{"class":79},[20,143497,191],{},[56,143499,143501],{"className":58,"code":143500,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Alice\n",[15,143502,143503],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143504,143505],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143506,143500],{"class":71},[1059,143508,143510],{"id":143509},"stringstripchars",[15,143511,143455],{},[20,143513,143514],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[56,143516,143518],{"className":58,"code":143517,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143519,143520,143533],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143521,143522,143524,143526,143528,143531],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143523,34600],{"class":71},[65,143525,76],{"class":75},[65,143527,103],{"class":83},[65,143529,143530],{"class":87},"!!hello??",[65,143532,1650],{"class":83},[65,143534,143535,143537,143539,143541,143543,143545,143547,143549,143552,143554],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,143536,165],{"class":164},[65,143538,168],{"class":79},[65,143540,34621],{"class":147},[65,143542,144],{"class":79},[65,143544,8785],{"class":147},[65,143546,168],{"class":79},[65,143548,84],{"class":83},[65,143550,143551],{"class":87},"!?",[65,143553,84],{"class":83},[65,143555,1870],{"class":79},[20,143557,191],{},[56,143559,143560],{"className":58,"code":138597,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,143561,143562],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143563,143564],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143565,138597],{"class":71},[20,143567,83748],{},[30,143569,143570,143575],{},[33,143571,143572,143574],{},[15,143573,134541],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[33,143576,143577,143578,143580],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143579,134541],{}," does not matter",[51,143582,143584,143585],{"id":143583},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143586,41572],{},[20,143588,30795,143589,144],{},[15,143590,41572],{},[20,143592,143593],{},"It is useful for:",[30,143595,143596,143601,143604,143607],{},[33,143597,143598,143599,4039],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143600,3104],{},[33,143602,143603],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[33,143605,143606],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[33,143608,143609],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143611,48283],{},[56,143613,143615],{"className":58,"code":143614,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143616,143617,143630,143646,143650],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143618,143619,143621,143623,143625,143628],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143620,8112],{"class":71},[65,143622,76],{"class":75},[65,143624,103],{"class":83},[65,143626,143627],{"class":87},"  sam  ",[65,143629,1650],{"class":83},[65,143631,143632,143635,143637,143640,143642,143644],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,143633,143634],{"class":71},"clean_username ",[65,143636,76],{"class":75},[65,143638,143639],{"class":71}," username",[65,143641,144],{"class":79},[65,143643,8785],{"class":147},[65,143645,151],{"class":79},[65,143647,143648],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,143649,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,143651,143652,143654,143656,143659],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,143653,165],{"class":164},[65,143655,168],{"class":79},[65,143657,143658],{"class":147},"clean_username",[65,143660,174],{"class":79},[20,143662,191],{},[56,143664,143666],{"className":58,"code":143665,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"sam\n",[15,143667,143668],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143669,143670],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143671,143665],{"class":71},[20,143673,143674],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[56,143676,143678],{"className":58,"code":143677,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143679,143680,143693,143697,143719],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143681,143682,143684,143686,143688,143691],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143683,136525],{"class":71},[65,143685,76],{"class":75},[65,143687,103],{"class":83},[65,143689,143690],{"class":87}," yes  ",[65,143692,1650],{"class":83},[65,143694,143695],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,143696,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,143698,143699,143701,143703,143705,143707,143709,143711,143713,143715,143717],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,143700,1406],{"class":1405},[65,143702,136545],{"class":71},[65,143704,144],{"class":79},[65,143706,8785],{"class":147},[65,143708,7515],{"class":79},[65,143710,6561],{"class":75},[65,143712,103],{"class":83},[65,143714,8808],{"class":87},[65,143716,84],{"class":83},[65,143718,1411],{"class":79},[65,143720,143721,143723,143725,143727,143730,143732],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,143722,1431],{"class":164},[65,143724,168],{"class":79},[65,143726,84],{"class":83},[65,143728,143729],{"class":87},"Matched",[65,143731,84],{"class":83},[65,143733,174],{"class":79},[20,143735,191],{},[56,143737,143739],{"className":58,"code":143738,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Matched\n",[15,143740,143741],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143742,143743],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143744,143738],{"class":71},[20,143746,143747,143748,144],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[88,143749,143751],{"href":143750},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143753,143754],{},"Example with file-style text:",[56,143756,143758],{"className":58,"code":143757,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143759,143760,143776,143790],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143761,143762,143765,143767,143769,143772,143774],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143763,143764],{"class":71},"line ",[65,143766,76],{"class":75},[65,143768,103],{"class":83},[65,143770,143771],{"class":87},"Python basics",[65,143773,87080],{"class":34365},[65,143775,1650],{"class":83},[65,143777,143778,143780,143782,143784,143786,143788],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,143779,165],{"class":164},[65,143781,168],{"class":79},[65,143783,41698],{"class":164},[65,143785,168],{"class":79},[65,143787,67],{"class":147},[65,143789,1870],{"class":79},[65,143791,143792,143794,143796,143798,143800,143802,143804,143806],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,143793,165],{"class":164},[65,143795,168],{"class":79},[65,143797,41698],{"class":164},[65,143799,168],{"class":79},[65,143801,67],{"class":147},[65,143803,144],{"class":79},[65,143805,8785],{"class":147},[65,143807,6443],{"class":79},[20,143809,191],{},[56,143811,143813],{"className":58,"code":143812,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143814,143815,143826],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143816,143817,143819,143821,143824],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143818,203],{"class":43248},[65,143820,143771],{"class":43252},[65,143822,87080],{"class":143823},"sfi6f",[65,143825,1379],{"class":43248},[65,143827,143828,143830,143832],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,143829,203],{"class":43248},[65,143831,143771],{"class":43252},[65,143833,1379],{"class":43248},[20,143835,8569,143836,143838,143839,144],{},[15,143837,122496],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143840,87080],{},[20,143842,143843,143844,144],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[88,143845,143846],{"href":87733},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[51,143848,143850],{"id":143849},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143852,143853,143854,144],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143855,143856],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143858,143859],{},"Python will:",[30,143861,143862,143865,143868],{},[33,143863,143864],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[33,143866,143867],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[33,143869,143870],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143872,350],{},[56,143874,143876],{"className":58,"code":143875,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143877,143878,143891],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143879,143880,143882,143884,143886,143889],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143881,34600],{"class":71},[65,143883,76],{"class":75},[65,143885,103],{"class":83},[65,143887,143888],{"class":87},"??hello!!",[65,143890,1650],{"class":83},[65,143892,143893,143895,143897,143899,143901,143903,143905,143907,143909,143911],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,143894,165],{"class":164},[65,143896,168],{"class":79},[65,143898,34621],{"class":147},[65,143900,144],{"class":79},[65,143902,8785],{"class":147},[65,143904,168],{"class":79},[65,143906,84],{"class":83},[65,143908,143551],{"class":87},[65,143910,84],{"class":83},[65,143912,1870],{"class":79},[20,143914,191],{},[56,143916,143917],{"className":58,"code":138597,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,143918,143919],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143920,143921],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143922,138597],{"class":71},[20,143924,52003],{},[56,143926,143928],{"className":58,"code":143927,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143929,143930,143943],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143931,143932,143934,143936,143938,143941],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143933,34600],{"class":71},[65,143935,76],{"class":75},[65,143937,103],{"class":83},[65,143939,143940],{"class":87},"abcHelloCba",[65,143942,1650],{"class":83},[65,143944,143945,143947,143949,143951,143953,143955,143957,143959,143961,143963],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,143946,165],{"class":164},[65,143948,168],{"class":79},[65,143950,34621],{"class":147},[65,143952,144],{"class":79},[65,143954,8785],{"class":147},[65,143956,168],{"class":79},[65,143958,84],{"class":83},[65,143960,41479],{"class":87},[65,143962,84],{"class":83},[65,143964,1870],{"class":79},[20,143966,191],{},[56,143968,143970],{"className":58,"code":143969,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"HelloC\n",[15,143971,143972],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,143973,143974],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,143975,143969],{"class":71},[20,143977,6388],{},[20,143979,143980,14183,143983,143985,143986,143988,143989,1028,143991,2339,143993,143995],{},[15,143981,143982],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[46,143984,1014],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143987,41479],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143990,88],{},[15,143992,106],{},[15,143994,120],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143997,143998],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144000,144001,144002,328],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[88,144003,144004],{"href":129863},[15,144005,124453],{},[51,144007,144009,10729,144011,10729,144014],{"id":144008},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144010,41572],{},[15,144012,144013],{},"lstrip()",[15,144015,144016],{},"rstrip()",[20,144018,144019],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[30,144021,144022,144027,144032],{},[33,144023,144024,144026],{},[15,144025,41572],{}," removes from both ends",[33,144028,144029,144031],{},[15,144030,144013],{}," removes from the left side only",[33,144033,144034,144036],{},[15,144035,144016],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144038,350],{},[56,144040,144042],{"className":58,"code":144041,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144043,144044,144056,144060,144078,144097],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144045,144046,144048,144050,144052,144054],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144047,34600],{"class":71},[65,144049,76],{"class":75},[65,144051,103],{"class":83},[65,144053,143289],{"class":87},[65,144055,1650],{"class":83},[65,144057,144058],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,144059,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,144061,144062,144064,144066,144068,144070,144072,144074,144076],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,144063,165],{"class":164},[65,144065,168],{"class":79},[65,144067,41698],{"class":164},[65,144069,168],{"class":79},[65,144071,34621],{"class":147},[65,144073,144],{"class":79},[65,144075,8785],{"class":147},[65,144077,6443],{"class":79},[65,144079,144080,144082,144084,144086,144088,144090,144092,144095],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,144081,165],{"class":164},[65,144083,168],{"class":79},[65,144085,41698],{"class":164},[65,144087,168],{"class":79},[65,144089,34621],{"class":147},[65,144091,144],{"class":79},[65,144093,144094],{"class":147},"lstrip",[65,144096,6443],{"class":79},[65,144098,144099,144101,144103,144105,144107,144109,144111,144114],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,144100,165],{"class":164},[65,144102,168],{"class":79},[65,144104,41698],{"class":164},[65,144106,168],{"class":79},[65,144108,34621],{"class":147},[65,144110,144],{"class":79},[65,144112,144113],{"class":147},"rstrip",[65,144115,6443],{"class":79},[20,144117,191],{},[56,144119,144121],{"className":58,"code":144120,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144122,144123,144131,144140],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144124,144125,144127,144129],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144126,203],{"class":43248},[65,144128,3998],{"class":43252},[65,144130,1379],{"class":43248},[65,144132,144133,144135,144138],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,144134,203],{"class":43248},[65,144136,144137],{"class":43252},"hello  ",[65,144139,1379],{"class":43248},[65,144141,144142,144144,144147],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,144143,203],{"class":43248},[65,144145,144146],{"class":43252},"  hello",[65,144148,1379],{"class":43248},[20,144150,144151],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[51,144153,108290],{"id":108289},[20,144155,144156],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[30,144158,144159,144167,144177,144180],{},[33,144160,144161,144163,144164,144166],{},[15,144162,143982],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144165,41448],{}," once",[33,144168,144169,144170,1028,144172,2339,144174,144176],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144171,88],{},[15,144173,106],{},[15,144175,120],{}," from both ends",[33,144178,144179],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[33,144181,144182],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144184,350],{},[56,144186,144188],{"className":58,"code":144187,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144189,144190,144203],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144191,144192,144194,144196,144198,144201],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144193,126365],{"class":71},[65,144195,76],{"class":75},[65,144197,103],{"class":83},[65,144199,144200],{"class":87},"txt_report.txt",[65,144202,1650],{"class":83},[65,144204,144205,144207,144209,144211,144213,144215,144217,144219,144221,144223],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,144206,165],{"class":164},[65,144208,168],{"class":79},[65,144210,126383],{"class":147},[65,144212,144],{"class":79},[65,144214,8785],{"class":147},[65,144216,168],{"class":79},[65,144218,84],{"class":83},[65,144220,126418],{"class":87},[65,144222,84],{"class":83},[65,144224,1870],{"class":79},[20,144226,191],{},[56,144228,144230],{"className":58,"code":144229,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"_report\n",[15,144231,144232],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144233,144234],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144235,144229],{"class":71},[20,144237,144238,144239,1028,144241,2339,144243,144245],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144240,144],{},[15,144242,63213],{},[15,144244,931],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144247,53577,144248,4939,144251,144253],{},[15,144249,144250],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[46,144252,1014],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144255,144256,144257,144261],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[88,144258,144259],{"href":129863},[15,144260,124453],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[51,144263,1553,144265],{"id":144264},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144266,41572],{},[20,144268,1309,144269,144271],{},[15,144270,41572],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144273,36341],{},[30,144275,144276,144280,144282,144285],{},[33,144277,143598,144278,4039],{},[15,144279,3104],{},[33,144281,143603],{},[33,144283,144284],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[33,144286,144287],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144289,350],{},[56,144291,144293],{"className":58,"code":144292,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144294,144295,144309,144313,144326],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144296,144297,144300,144302,144304,144307],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144298,144299],{"class":71},"email ",[65,144301,76],{"class":75},[65,144303,103],{"class":83},[65,144305,144306],{"class":87},"  user@example.com  ",[65,144308,1650],{"class":83},[65,144310,144311],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,144312,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,144314,144315,144317,144320,144322,144324],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,144316,1406],{"class":1405},[65,144318,144319],{"class":71}," email",[65,144321,144],{"class":79},[65,144323,8785],{"class":147},[65,144325,21708],{"class":79},[65,144327,144328,144330,144332,144334,144337,144339],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,144329,1431],{"class":164},[65,144331,168],{"class":79},[65,144333,84],{"class":83},[65,144335,144336],{"class":87},"Email was entered",[65,144338,84],{"class":83},[65,144340,174],{"class":79},[20,144342,191],{},[56,144344,144346],{"className":58,"code":144345,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Email was entered\n",[15,144347,144348],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144349,144350],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144351,144345],{"class":71},[20,144353,144354,144355,144357,144358,144],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144356,41572],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[88,144359,144360],{"href":124009},[15,144361,124012],{},[51,144363,1766],{"id":1765},[20,144365,84167],{},[30,144367,144368,144372,144377,144382],{},[33,144369,1792,144370,131502],{},[15,144371,41572],{},[33,144373,1792,144374,144376],{},[15,144375,41572],{}," to remove text from the middle",[33,144378,8569,144379,144381],{},[15,144380,144250],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[33,144383,1812,144384,144387],{},[15,144385,144386],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144389,144390],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[56,144392,144394],{"className":58,"code":144393,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144395,144396,144410,144414,144424,144438,144452],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144397,144398,144400,144402,144404,144406,144408],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144399,34600],{"class":71},[65,144401,76],{"class":75},[65,144403,103],{"class":83},[65,144405,144146],{"class":87},[65,144407,87080],{"class":34365},[65,144409,1650],{"class":83},[65,144411,144412],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,144413,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,144415,144416,144418,144420,144422],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,144417,165],{"class":164},[65,144419,168],{"class":79},[65,144421,34621],{"class":147},[65,144423,174],{"class":79},[65,144425,144426,144428,144430,144432,144434,144436],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,144427,165],{"class":164},[65,144429,168],{"class":79},[65,144431,41698],{"class":164},[65,144433,168],{"class":79},[65,144435,34621],{"class":147},[65,144437,1870],{"class":79},[65,144439,144440,144442,144444,144446,144448,144450],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,144441,165],{"class":164},[65,144443,168],{"class":79},[65,144445,34621],{"class":147},[65,144447,144],{"class":79},[65,144449,8785],{"class":147},[65,144451,980],{"class":79},[65,144453,144454,144456,144458,144460,144462,144464,144466,144468],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,144455,165],{"class":164},[65,144457,168],{"class":79},[65,144459,41698],{"class":164},[65,144461,168],{"class":79},[65,144463,34621],{"class":147},[65,144465,144],{"class":79},[65,144467,8785],{"class":147},[65,144469,6443],{"class":79},[20,144471,191],{},[56,144473,144475],{"className":58,"code":144474,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144476,144477,144482,144486,144496,144500],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144478,144479],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144480,144481],{"class":71},"  hello\n",[65,144483,144484],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,144485,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,144487,144488,144490,144492,144494],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,144489,203],{"class":43248},[65,144491,144146],{"class":43252},[65,144493,87080],{"class":143823},[65,144495,1379],{"class":43248},[65,144497,144498],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,144499,138597],{"class":71},[65,144501,144502,144504,144506],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,144503,203],{"class":43248},[65,144505,3998],{"class":43252},[65,144507,1379],{"class":43248},[20,144509,144510],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[56,144512,144514],{"className":58,"code":144513,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144515,144516,144526,144540,144554,144572],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144517,144518,144520,144522,144524],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144519,165],{"class":164},[65,144521,168],{"class":79},[65,144523,34621],{"class":147},[65,144525,174],{"class":79},[65,144527,144528,144530,144532,144534,144536,144538],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,144529,165],{"class":164},[65,144531,168],{"class":79},[65,144533,41698],{"class":164},[65,144535,168],{"class":79},[65,144537,34621],{"class":147},[65,144539,1870],{"class":79},[65,144541,144542,144544,144546,144548,144550,144552],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,144543,165],{"class":164},[65,144545,168],{"class":79},[65,144547,34621],{"class":147},[65,144549,144],{"class":79},[65,144551,8785],{"class":147},[65,144553,980],{"class":79},[65,144555,144556,144558,144560,144562,144564,144566,144568,144570],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,144557,165],{"class":164},[65,144559,168],{"class":79},[65,144561,41698],{"class":164},[65,144563,168],{"class":79},[65,144565,34621],{"class":147},[65,144567,144],{"class":79},[65,144569,8785],{"class":147},[65,144571,6443],{"class":79},[65,144573,144574,144576,144578,144580,144582,144584],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,144575,32063],{"class":164},[65,144577,168],{"class":79},[65,144579,3591],{"class":1368},[65,144581,144],{"class":79},[65,144583,8785],{"class":24857},[65,144585,174],{"class":79},[20,144587,144588,144590],{},[15,144589,122496],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[51,144592,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,144594,1966,144596,144598],{"id":144595},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144597,41572],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144600,46286,144601,144603],{},[15,144602,41572],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1059,144605,1966,144607,124609],{"id":144606},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144608,41572],{},[20,144610,144611],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1059,144613,1953,144615,144617],{"id":144614},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144616,41572],{}," remove by default?",[20,144619,144620],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1059,144622,34117,144624,34120,144626,2637],{"id":144623},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144625,41572],{},[15,144627,124453],{},[20,144629,144630,144632,144633,144635],{},[15,144631,41572],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144634,124453],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1059,144637,144639],{"id":144638},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144641,128155,144642,144644,144645,144647],{},[15,144643,144013],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144646,144016],{}," for the right side.",[51,144649,2015],{"id":2014},[30,144651,144652,144658,144664,144669,144674],{},[33,144653,144654],{},[88,144655,126282,144656,10885],{"href":124009},[15,144657,124012],{},[33,144659,144660],{},[88,144661,126282,144662,10885],{"href":129863},[15,144663,124453],{},[33,144665,144666],{},[88,144667,144668],{"href":143750},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[33,144670,144671],{},[88,144672,144673],{"href":87733},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[33,144675,144676],{},[88,144677,125037],{"href":50898},[2071,144679,144680],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":144682},[144683,144684,144686,144690,144692,144693,144695,144696,144698,144699,144710],{"id":3757,"depth":133,"text":3758},{"id":143335,"depth":133,"text":144685},"What strip() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283,"children":144687},[144688,144689],{"id":143458,"depth":154,"text":143450},{"id":143509,"depth":154,"text":143455},{"id":143583,"depth":133,"text":144691},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143849,"depth":133,"text":143850},{"id":144008,"depth":133,"text":144694},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108289,"depth":133,"text":108290},{"id":144264,"depth":133,"text":144697},"When to use strip()",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":144700},[144701,144703,144705,144707,144709],{"id":144595,"depth":154,"text":144702},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144606,"depth":154,"text":144704},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144614,"depth":154,"text":144706},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144623,"depth":154,"text":144708},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144638,"depth":154,"text":144639},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143256,"description":144711},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144718,"title":144719,"body":144720,"description":145900,"extension":2111,"meta":145901,"navigation":157,"path":145902,"seo":145903,"stem":145904,"__hash__":145905},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144721,"toc":145870},[144722,144727,144732,144737,144739,144785,144793,144798,144812,144818,144820,144822,144837,144839,144849,144852,144883,144886,144909,144911,144914,144971,144973,144987,144989,145003,145009,145014,145017,145058,145060,145069,145077,145080,145125,145127,145136,145139,145143,145148,145162,145164,145196,145198,145218,145221,145226,145231,145233,145244,145247,145304,145306,145314,145323,145325,145327,145333,145335,145372,145374,145382,145384,145425,145427,145436,145441,145446,145448,145475,145482,145485,145516,145518,145527,145533,145542,145573,145575,145587,145600,145604,145609,145639,145641,145708,145710,145720,145722,145727,145730,145735,145740,145744,145750,145756,145759,145761,145819,145821,145829,145831,145867],[10,144723,123282,144725,18],{"id":144724},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144726,128160],{},[20,144728,123287,144729,144731],{},[15,144730,128160],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144733,84544,144734,144736],{},[15,144735,128160],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[51,144738,54],{"id":53},[56,144740,144742],{"className":58,"code":144741,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144743,144744,144756,144770,144780],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144745,144746,144748,144750,144752,144754],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144747,34600],{"class":71},[65,144749,76],{"class":75},[65,144751,103],{"class":83},[65,144753,129001],{"class":87},[65,144755,1650],{"class":83},[65,144757,144758,144760,144762,144764,144766,144768],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,144759,401],{"class":71},[65,144761,76],{"class":75},[65,144763,42761],{"class":71},[65,144765,144],{"class":79},[65,144767,34390],{"class":147},[65,144769,151],{"class":79},[65,144771,144772,144774,144776,144778],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,144773,165],{"class":164},[65,144775,168],{"class":79},[65,144777,425],{"class":147},[65,144779,174],{"class":79},[65,144781,144782],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,144783,144784],{"class":3816},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144786,144787,144789,144790,144792],{},[15,144788,128160],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[46,144791,1014],{}," change the original string in place.",[51,144794,252,144796,255],{"id":144795},"what-upper-does",[15,144797,128160],{},[30,144799,144800,144805,144808,144810],{},[33,144801,144802,144804],{},[15,144803,128160],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[33,144806,144807],{},"It works on string values only",[33,144809,133530],{},[33,144811,136248],{},[20,144813,125034,144814,3024,144816,144],{},[88,144815,136254],{"href":136253},[88,144817,125037],{"href":50898},[51,144819,283],{"id":282},[20,144821,2307],{},[56,144823,144825],{"className":58,"code":144824,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"string.upper()\n",[15,144826,144827],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144828,144829,144831,144833,144835],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144830,61100],{"class":71},[65,144832,144],{"class":79},[65,144834,34390],{"class":147},[65,144836,151],{"class":79},[20,144838,302],{},[30,144840,144841,144843,144846],{},[33,144842,97455],{},[33,144844,144845],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[33,144847,144848],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144850,144851],{},"Example with a variable:",[56,144853,144855],{"className":58,"code":144854,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144856,144857,144869],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144858,144859,144861,144863,144865,144867],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144860,8027],{"class":71},[65,144862,76],{"class":75},[65,144864,103],{"class":83},[65,144866,60],{"class":87},[65,144868,1650],{"class":83},[65,144870,144871,144873,144875,144877,144879,144881],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,144872,165],{"class":164},[65,144874,168],{"class":79},[65,144876,369],{"class":147},[65,144878,144],{"class":79},[65,144880,34390],{"class":147},[65,144882,980],{"class":79},[20,144884,144885],{},"Example with a string literal:",[56,144887,144889],{"className":58,"code":144888,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144890,144891],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144892,144893,144895,144897,144899,144901,144903,144905,144907],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144894,165],{"class":164},[65,144896,168],{"class":79},[65,144898,84],{"class":83},[65,144900,3998],{"class":87},[65,144902,84],{"class":83},[65,144904,144],{"class":79},[65,144906,34390],{"class":147},[65,144908,980],{"class":79},[51,144910,506],{"id":505},[20,144912,144913],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[56,144915,144917],{"className":58,"code":144916,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144918,144919,144931,144946,144950,144960],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144920,144921,144923,144925,144927,144929],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144922,6307],{"class":71},[65,144924,76],{"class":75},[65,144926,103],{"class":83},[65,144928,4243],{"class":87},[65,144930,1650],{"class":83},[65,144932,144933,144936,144938,144940,144942,144944],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,144934,144935],{"class":71},"uppercase_word ",[65,144937,76],{"class":75},[65,144939,38298],{"class":71},[65,144941,144],{"class":79},[65,144943,34390],{"class":147},[65,144945,151],{"class":79},[65,144947,144948],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,144949,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,144951,144952,144954,144956,144958],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,144953,165],{"class":164},[65,144955,168],{"class":79},[65,144957,38308],{"class":147},[65,144959,174],{"class":79},[65,144961,144962,144964,144966,144969],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,144963,165],{"class":164},[65,144965,168],{"class":79},[65,144967,144968],{"class":147},"uppercase_word",[65,144970,174],{"class":79},[20,144972,191],{},[56,144974,144976],{"className":58,"code":144975,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144977,144978,144982],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,144979,144980],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,144981,70333],{"class":71},[65,144983,144984],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,144985,144986],{"class":34365},"BANANA\n",[20,144988,112396],{},[30,144990,144991,144996],{},[33,144992,144993,144995],{},[15,144994,38308],{}," keeps its original value",[33,144997,144998,145000,145001],{},[15,144999,144968],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145002,128160],{},[51,145004,145006,145008],{"id":145005},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145007,128160],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145010,136914,145011,145013],{},[46,145012,136917],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145015,145016],{},"So this method:",[56,145018,145020],{"className":58,"code":145019,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145021,145022,145034,145044,145048],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145023,145024,145026,145028,145030,145032],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145025,8027],{"class":71},[65,145027,76],{"class":75},[65,145029,103],{"class":83},[65,145031,17918],{"class":87},[65,145033,1650],{"class":83},[65,145035,145036,145038,145040,145042],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,145037,369],{"class":71},[65,145039,144],{"class":79},[65,145041,34390],{"class":147},[65,145043,151],{"class":79},[65,145045,145046],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,145047,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,145049,145050,145052,145054,145056],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,145051,165],{"class":164},[65,145053,168],{"class":79},[65,145055,369],{"class":147},[65,145057,174],{"class":79},[20,145059,191],{},[56,145061,145063],{"className":58,"code":145062,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"alice\n",[15,145064,145065],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145066,145067],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145068,145062],{"class":71},[20,145070,21093,145071,145073,145074,145076],{},[15,145072,128160],{}," was called, ",[15,145075,369],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145078,145079],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[56,145081,145083],{"className":58,"code":145082,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145084,145085,145097,145111,145115],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145086,145087,145089,145091,145093,145095],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145088,8027],{"class":71},[65,145090,76],{"class":75},[65,145092,103],{"class":83},[65,145094,17918],{"class":87},[65,145096,1650],{"class":83},[65,145098,145099,145101,145103,145105,145107,145109],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,145100,8027],{"class":71},[65,145102,76],{"class":75},[65,145104,35906],{"class":71},[65,145106,144],{"class":79},[65,145108,34390],{"class":147},[65,145110,151],{"class":79},[65,145112,145113],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,145114,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,145116,145117,145119,145121,145123],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,145118,165],{"class":164},[65,145120,168],{"class":79},[65,145122,369],{"class":147},[65,145124,174],{"class":79},[20,145126,191],{},[56,145128,145130],{"className":58,"code":145129,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"ALICE\n",[15,145131,145132],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145133,145134],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145135,145129],{"class":34365},[20,145137,145138],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[51,145140,145142],{"id":145141},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145144,145145,145147],{},[15,145146,128160],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[30,145149,145150,145153,145156,145159],{},[33,145151,145152],{},"Numbers stay the same",[33,145154,145155],{},"Spaces stay the same",[33,145157,145158],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[33,145160,145161],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145163,350],{},[56,145165,145167],{"className":58,"code":145166,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145168,145169,145182],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145170,145171,145173,145175,145177,145180],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145172,34600],{"class":71},[65,145174,76],{"class":75},[65,145176,103],{"class":83},[65,145178,145179],{"class":87},"Room 7, table #3!",[65,145181,1650],{"class":83},[65,145183,145184,145186,145188,145190,145192,145194],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,145185,165],{"class":164},[65,145187,168],{"class":79},[65,145189,34621],{"class":147},[65,145191,144],{"class":79},[65,145193,34390],{"class":147},[65,145195,980],{"class":79},[20,145197,191],{},[56,145199,145201],{"className":58,"code":145200,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145202,145203],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145204,145205,145208,145210,145212,145215],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145206,145207],{"class":34365},"ROOM",[65,145209,6146],{"class":96},[65,145211,100],{"class":79},[65,145213,145214],{"class":34365}," TABLE",[65,145216,145217],{"class":3816}," #3!\n",[20,145219,145220],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[51,145222,1553,145224],{"id":145223},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145225,128160],{},[20,145227,145228,145230],{},[15,145229,128160],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145232,48261],{},[30,145234,145235,145238,145241],{},[33,145236,145237],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[33,145239,145240],{},"Format labels or headings",[33,145242,145243],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145245,145246],{},"Example: simple comparison",[56,145248,145250],{"className":58,"code":145249,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145251,145252,145264,145268,145290],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145253,145254,145256,145258,145260,145262],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145255,136525],{"class":71},[65,145257,76],{"class":75},[65,145259,103],{"class":83},[65,145261,8808],{"class":87},[65,145263,1650],{"class":83},[65,145265,145266],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,145267,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,145269,145270,145272,145274,145276,145278,145280,145282,145284,145286,145288],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,145271,1406],{"class":1405},[65,145273,136545],{"class":71},[65,145275,144],{"class":79},[65,145277,34390],{"class":147},[65,145279,7515],{"class":79},[65,145281,6561],{"class":75},[65,145283,103],{"class":83},[65,145285,136532],{"class":87},[65,145287,84],{"class":83},[65,145289,1411],{"class":79},[65,145291,145292,145294,145296,145298,145300,145302],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,145293,1431],{"class":164},[65,145295,168],{"class":79},[65,145297,84],{"class":83},[65,145299,143729],{"class":87},[65,145301,84],{"class":83},[65,145303,174],{"class":79},[20,145305,191],{},[56,145307,145308],{"className":58,"code":143738,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,145309,145310],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145311,145312],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145313,143738],{"class":71},[20,145315,145316,145317,1028,145319,2339,145321,144],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145318,8808],{},[15,145320,137318],{},[15,145322,136532],{},[51,145324,1766],{"id":1765},[1059,145326,95816],{"id":95815},[20,145328,8267,145329,145332],{},[15,145330,145331],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145334,16764],{},[56,145336,145338],{"className":58,"code":145337,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145339,145340,145352,145362],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145341,145342,145344,145346,145348,145350],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145343,34600],{"class":71},[65,145345,76],{"class":75},[65,145347,103],{"class":83},[65,145349,3998],{"class":87},[65,145351,1650],{"class":83},[65,145353,145354,145356,145358,145360],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,145355,34621],{"class":71},[65,145357,144],{"class":79},[65,145359,34390],{"class":147},[65,145361,151],{"class":79},[65,145363,145364,145366,145368,145370],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,145365,165],{"class":164},[65,145367,168],{"class":79},[65,145369,34621],{"class":147},[65,145371,174],{"class":79},[20,145373,191],{},[56,145375,145376],{"className":58,"code":138597,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,145377,145378],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145379,145380],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145381,138597],{"class":71},[20,145383,16776],{},[56,145385,145387],{"className":58,"code":145386,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145388,145389,145401,145415],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145390,145391,145393,145395,145397,145399],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145392,34600],{"class":71},[65,145394,76],{"class":75},[65,145396,103],{"class":83},[65,145398,3998],{"class":87},[65,145400,1650],{"class":83},[65,145402,145403,145405,145407,145409,145411,145413],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,145404,34600],{"class":71},[65,145406,76],{"class":75},[65,145408,42761],{"class":71},[65,145410,144],{"class":79},[65,145412,34390],{"class":147},[65,145414,151],{"class":79},[65,145416,145417,145419,145421,145423],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,145418,165],{"class":164},[65,145420,168],{"class":79},[65,145422,34621],{"class":147},[65,145424,174],{"class":79},[20,145426,191],{},[56,145428,145430],{"className":58,"code":145429,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"HELLO\n",[15,145431,145432],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145433,145434],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145435,145429],{"class":34365},[1059,145437,19023,145439,137204],{"id":145438},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145440,128160],{},[20,145442,145443,145445],{},[15,145444,128160],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145447,350],{},[56,145449,145451],{"className":58,"code":145450,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145452,145453,145461],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145454,145455,145457,145459],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145456,2363],{"class":71},[65,145458,76],{"class":75},[65,145460,124964],{"class":96},[65,145462,145463,145465,145467,145469,145471,145473],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,145464,165],{"class":164},[65,145466,168],{"class":79},[65,145468,2385],{"class":147},[65,145470,144],{"class":79},[65,145472,34390],{"class":147},[65,145474,980],{"class":79},[20,145476,39571,145477,145479,145480,33512],{},[15,145478,2335],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145481,128160],{},[20,145483,145484],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[56,145486,145488],{"className":58,"code":145487,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145489,145490,145498],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145491,145492,145494,145496],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145493,2363],{"class":71},[65,145495,76],{"class":75},[65,145497,124964],{"class":96},[65,145499,145500,145502,145504,145506,145508,145510,145512,145514],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,145501,165],{"class":164},[65,145503,168],{"class":79},[65,145505,3591],{"class":1368},[65,145507,168],{"class":79},[65,145509,2385],{"class":147},[65,145511,8782],{"class":79},[65,145513,34390],{"class":147},[65,145515,980],{"class":79},[20,145517,191],{},[56,145519,145521],{"className":58,"code":145520,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"123\n",[15,145522,145523],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145524,145525],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145526,145520],{"class":96},[1059,145528,37120,145530,145532],{"id":145529},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145531,128160],{}," with title case",[20,145534,145535,145537,145538,145541],{},[15,145536,128160],{}," makes ",[46,145539,145540],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[56,145543,145545],{"className":58,"code":145544,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145546,145547,145559],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145548,145549,145551,145553,145555,145557],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145550,34600],{"class":71},[65,145552,76],{"class":75},[65,145554,103],{"class":83},[65,145556,60332],{"class":87},[65,145558,1650],{"class":83},[65,145560,145561,145563,145565,145567,145569,145571],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,145562,165],{"class":164},[65,145564,168],{"class":79},[65,145566,34621],{"class":147},[65,145568,144],{"class":79},[65,145570,34390],{"class":147},[65,145572,980],{"class":79},[20,145574,191],{},[56,145576,145578],{"className":58,"code":145577,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145579,145580],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145581,145582,145584],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145583,136306],{"class":34365},[65,145585,145586],{"class":34365}," WORLD\n",[20,145588,145589,145590,145594,145595,145599],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[88,145591,145592],{"href":124009},[15,145593,124012],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[88,145596,145597],{"href":129863},[15,145598,124453],{}," changes parts of a string.",[51,145601,145603],{"id":145602},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145605,145606,145607,93],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145608,128160],{},[30,145610,145611,145618,145625,145632],{},[33,145612,145613,145617],{},[88,145614,145615],{"href":124009},[15,145616,124012],{}," for lowercase text",[33,145619,145620,145624],{},[88,145621,145622],{"href":136852},[15,145623,41572],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[33,145626,145627,145631],{},[88,145628,145629],{"href":129863},[15,145630,124453],{}," for changing parts of a string",[33,145633,145634,1048,145636,145638],{},[15,145635,127650],{},[15,145637,126340],{}," for checks",[20,145640,350],{},[56,145642,145644],{"className":58,"code":145643,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145645,145646,145658,145662,145677,145693,145697],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145647,145648,145650,145652,145654,145656],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145649,34600],{"class":71},[65,145651,76],{"class":75},[65,145653,103],{"class":83},[65,145655,143380],{"class":87},[65,145657,1650],{"class":83},[65,145659,145660],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,145661,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,145663,145664,145667,145669,145671,145673,145675],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,145665,145666],{"class":71},"cleaned ",[65,145668,76],{"class":75},[65,145670,42761],{"class":71},[65,145672,144],{"class":79},[65,145674,8785],{"class":147},[65,145676,151],{"class":79},[65,145678,145679,145682,145684,145687,145689,145691],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,145680,145681],{"class":71},"loud ",[65,145683,76],{"class":75},[65,145685,145686],{"class":71}," cleaned",[65,145688,144],{"class":79},[65,145690,34390],{"class":147},[65,145692,151],{"class":79},[65,145694,145695],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,145696,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,145698,145699,145701,145703,145706],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,145700,165],{"class":164},[65,145702,168],{"class":79},[65,145704,145705],{"class":147},"loud",[65,145707,174],{"class":79},[20,145709,191],{},[56,145711,145712],{"className":58,"code":145577,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,145713,145714],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145715,145716,145718],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145717,136306],{"class":34365},[65,145719,145586],{"class":34365},[51,145721,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,145723,1966,145725,124609],{"id":145724},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145726,128160],{},[20,145728,145729],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1059,145731,1966,145733,137586],{"id":145732},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145734,128160],{},[20,145736,145737,145738,144],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145739,145331],{},[1059,145741,145743],{"id":145742},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145745,145746,145747,145749],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145748,128160],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1059,145751,28432,145753,145755],{"id":145752},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145754,128160],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145757,145758],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145760,350],{},[56,145762,145764],{"className":58,"code":145763,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145765,145766,145778,145791,145795],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145767,145768,145770,145772,145774,145776],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145769,2700],{"class":71},[65,145771,76],{"class":75},[65,145773,103],{"class":83},[65,145775,60],{"class":87},[65,145777,1650],{"class":83},[65,145779,145780,145782,145784,145786,145789],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,145781,2728],{"class":71},[65,145783,76],{"class":75},[65,145785,103],{"class":83},[65,145787,145788],{"class":87},"PYTHON",[65,145790,1650],{"class":83},[65,145792,145793],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,145794,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,145796,145797,145799,145801,145803,145805,145807,145809,145811,145813,145815,145817],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,145798,165],{"class":164},[65,145800,168],{"class":79},[65,145802,88],{"class":147},[65,145804,144],{"class":79},[65,145806,34390],{"class":147},[65,145808,7515],{"class":79},[65,145810,6561],{"class":75},[65,145812,2705],{"class":147},[65,145814,144],{"class":79},[65,145816,34390],{"class":147},[65,145818,980],{"class":79},[20,145820,191],{},[56,145822,145823],{"className":58,"code":4134,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,145824,145825],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145826,145827],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145828,4134],{"class":4005},[51,145830,2015],{"id":2014},[30,145832,145833,145837,145843,145849,145855,145859,145863],{},[33,145834,145835],{},[88,145836,125037],{"href":50898},[33,145838,145839],{},[88,145840,126282,145841,10885],{"href":124009},[15,145842,124012],{},[33,145844,145845],{},[88,145846,126282,145847,10885],{"href":136852},[15,145848,41572],{},[33,145850,145851],{},[88,145852,126282,145853,10885],{"href":129863},[15,145854,124453],{},[33,145856,145857],{},[88,145858,90610],{"href":89619},[33,145860,145861],{},[88,145862,124681],{"href":123537},[33,145864,145865],{},[88,145866,137672],{"href":136253},[2071,145868,145869],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":145871},[145872,145873,145875,145876,145877,145879,145880,145882,145889,145890,145899],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":144795,"depth":133,"text":145874},"What upper() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506},{"id":145005,"depth":133,"text":145878},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145141,"depth":133,"text":145142},{"id":145223,"depth":133,"text":145881},"When to use upper()",{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":145883},[145884,145885,145887],{"id":95815,"depth":154,"text":95816},{"id":145438,"depth":154,"text":145886},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145529,"depth":154,"text":145888},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145602,"depth":133,"text":145603},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":145891},[145892,145894,145896,145897],{"id":145724,"depth":154,"text":145893},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145732,"depth":154,"text":145895},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145742,"depth":154,"text":145743},{"id":145752,"depth":154,"text":145898},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144719,"description":145900},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145907,"title":145908,"body":145909,"description":147786,"extension":2111,"meta":147787,"navigation":157,"path":147788,"seo":147789,"stem":147790,"__hash__":147791},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145910,"toc":147736},[145911,145917,145924,145930,145932,145988,145993,145998,146003,146006,146025,146028,146030,146054,146072,146083,146085,146088,146141,146143,146151,146153,146171,146176,146179,146236,146238,146247,146250,146270,146273,146279,146284,146286,146329,146331,146339,146342,146383,146385,146394,146400,146406,146433,146435,146443,146448,146452,146464,146507,146509,146517,146522,146528,146533,146537,146539,146582,146585,146632,146634,146643,146650,146654,146657,146703,146708,146712,146714,146757,146760,146768,146770,146775,146777,146779,146798,146801,146813,146815,146834,146836,146844,146848,146850,146901,146904,146979,146981,146989,146992,146996,146998,147045,147048,147119,147121,147129,147135,147137,147212,147216,147295,147297,147305,147311,147317,147322,147327,147376,147380,147451,147454,147459,147470,147473,147484,147494,147496,147501,147526,147531,147612,147614,147639,147641,147646,147649,147655,147664,147670,147673,147679,147685,147692,147695,147697,147733],[10,145912,3724,145914,3728],{"id":145913},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145915,145916],{},"sum()",[20,145918,9274,145919,145921,145922,24871],{},[15,145920,145916],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145923,59924],{},[20,145925,145926,145927,145929],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145928,35987],{}," value and a few important limits.",[51,145931,54],{"id":53},[56,145933,145935],{"className":58,"code":145934,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145936,145937,145961,145976],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,145938,145939,145941,145943,145945,145947,145949,145951,145953,145955,145957,145959],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,145940,3768],{"class":71},[65,145942,76],{"class":75},[65,145944,3773],{"class":79},[65,145946,3135],{"class":96},[65,145948,100],{"class":79},[65,145950,113],{"class":96},[65,145952,100],{"class":79},[65,145954,127],{"class":96},[65,145956,100],{"class":79},[65,145958,2602],{"class":96},[65,145960,3786],{"class":79},[65,145962,145963,145965,145967,145970,145972,145974],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,145964,41101],{"class":71},[65,145966,76],{"class":75},[65,145968,145969],{"class":164}," sum",[65,145971,168],{"class":79},[65,145973,3800],{"class":147},[65,145975,174],{"class":79},[65,145977,145978,145980,145982,145984,145986],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,145979,165],{"class":164},[65,145981,168],{"class":79},[65,145983,41130],{"class":147},[65,145985,3813],{"class":79},[65,145987,26901],{"class":3816},[20,145989,1309,145990,145992],{},[15,145991,145916],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[51,145994,252,145996,255],{"id":145995},"what-sum-does",[15,145997,145916],{},[20,145999,146000,146002],{},[15,146001,145916],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146004,146005],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[30,146007,146008,146011,146014,146019],{},[33,146009,146010],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[33,146012,146013],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[33,146015,146016,146017],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146018,36113],{},[33,146020,146021,146022,146024],{},"Counting ",[15,146023,3753],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146026,146027],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[51,146029,283],{"id":282},[56,146031,146033],{"className":58,"code":146032,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146034,146035],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146036,146037,146040,146042,146044,146046,146048,146050,146052],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146038,146039],{"class":164},"sum",[65,146041,168],{"class":79},[65,146043,3872],{"class":147},[65,146045,100],{"class":79},[65,146047,35966],{"class":9326},[65,146049,76],{"class":75},[65,146051,2267],{"class":96},[65,146053,174],{"class":79},[30,146055,146056,146061,146066],{},[33,146057,146058,146060],{},[15,146059,3872],{}," is the group of values to add",[33,146062,146063,146065],{},[15,146064,35987],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[33,146067,146068,146069],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146070,146071],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146073,146074,146075,146078,146079,144],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146076,146077,3872],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[88,146080,146081,24724],{"href":36110},[15,146082,36113],{},[51,146084,506],{"id":505},[20,146086,146087],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[56,146089,146091],{"className":58,"code":146090,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146092,146093,146113,146127,146131],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146094,146095,146097,146099,146101,146103,146105,146107,146109,146111],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146096,3768],{"class":71},[65,146098,76],{"class":75},[65,146100,3773],{"class":79},[65,146102,2284],{"class":96},[65,146104,100],{"class":79},[65,146106,6157],{"class":96},[65,146108,100],{"class":79},[65,146110,37853],{"class":96},[65,146112,3786],{"class":79},[65,146114,146115,146117,146119,146121,146123,146125],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,146116,41101],{"class":71},[65,146118,76],{"class":75},[65,146120,145969],{"class":164},[65,146122,168],{"class":79},[65,146124,3800],{"class":147},[65,146126,174],{"class":79},[65,146128,146129],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,146130,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,146132,146133,146135,146137,146139],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,146134,165],{"class":164},[65,146136,168],{"class":79},[65,146138,41130],{"class":147},[65,146140,174],{"class":79},[20,146142,191],{},[56,146144,146145],{"className":58,"code":69767,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,146146,146147],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146148,146149],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146150,69767],{"class":96},[20,146152,11820],{},[30,146154,146155,146160,146166],{},[33,146156,146157,146159],{},[15,146158,3800],{}," contains three integers",[33,146161,146162,146165],{},[15,146163,146164],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[33,146167,146168,146169],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146170,41130],{},[51,146172,36528,146174,821],{"id":146173},"using-the-start-value",[15,146175,35987],{},[20,146177,146178],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[56,146180,146182],{"className":58,"code":146181,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146183,146184,146204,146222,146226],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146185,146186,146188,146190,146192,146194,146196,146198,146200,146202],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146187,3768],{"class":71},[65,146189,76],{"class":75},[65,146191,3773],{"class":79},[65,146193,3135],{"class":96},[65,146195,100],{"class":79},[65,146197,113],{"class":96},[65,146199,100],{"class":79},[65,146201,127],{"class":96},[65,146203,3786],{"class":79},[65,146205,146206,146208,146210,146212,146214,146216,146218,146220],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,146207,41101],{"class":71},[65,146209,76],{"class":75},[65,146211,145969],{"class":164},[65,146213,168],{"class":79},[65,146215,3800],{"class":147},[65,146217,100],{"class":79},[65,146219,6157],{"class":96},[65,146221,174],{"class":79},[65,146223,146224],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,146225,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,146227,146228,146230,146232,146234],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,146229,165],{"class":164},[65,146231,168],{"class":79},[65,146233,41130],{"class":147},[65,146235,174],{"class":79},[20,146237,191],{},[56,146239,146241],{"className":58,"code":146240,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"16\n",[15,146242,146243],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146244,146245],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146246,146240],{"class":96},[20,146248,146249],{},"This works like:",[30,146251,146252,146257,146262,146266],{},[33,146253,146254,146255],{},"Start at ",[15,146256,2476],{},[33,146258,146259,146260],{},"Add ",[15,146261,3135],{},[33,146263,146259,146264],{},[15,146265,2204],{},[33,146267,146259,146268],{},[15,146269,2210],{},[20,146271,146272],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[51,146274,252,146276,146278],{"id":146275},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146277,145916],{}," can work with",[20,146280,146281,146283],{},[15,146282,145916],{}," works with numeric values.",[1059,146285,40343],{"id":40342},[56,146287,146289],{"className":58,"code":146288,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146290,146291,146315],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146292,146293,146295,146297,146299,146301,146303,146305,146307,146309,146311,146313],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146294,3975],{"class":71},[65,146296,76],{"class":75},[65,146298,3773],{"class":79},[65,146300,3135],{"class":96},[65,146302,100],{"class":79},[65,146304,113],{"class":96},[65,146306,100],{"class":79},[65,146308,127],{"class":96},[65,146310,100],{"class":79},[65,146312,2602],{"class":96},[65,146314,3786],{"class":79},[65,146316,146317,146319,146321,146323,146325,146327],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,146318,165],{"class":164},[65,146320,168],{"class":79},[65,146322,146039],{"class":164},[65,146324,168],{"class":79},[65,146326,5510],{"class":147},[65,146328,1870],{"class":79},[20,146330,191],{},[56,146332,146333],{"className":58,"code":2522,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,146334,146335],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146336,146337],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146338,2522],{"class":96},[1059,146340,146341],{"id":51969},"Floats",[56,146343,146345],{"className":58,"code":146344,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146346,146347,146369],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146348,146349,146351,146353,146355,146357,146359,146362,146364,146367],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146350,82975],{"class":71},[65,146352,76],{"class":75},[65,146354,3773],{"class":79},[65,146356,41077],{"class":96},[65,146358,100],{"class":79},[65,146360,146361],{"class":96}," 3.75",[65,146363,100],{"class":79},[65,146365,146366],{"class":96}," 1.25",[65,146368,3786],{"class":79},[65,146370,146371,146373,146375,146377,146379,146381],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,146372,165],{"class":164},[65,146374,168],{"class":79},[65,146376,146039],{"class":164},[65,146378,168],{"class":79},[65,146380,83011],{"class":147},[65,146382,1870],{"class":79},[20,146384,191],{},[56,146386,146388],{"className":58,"code":146387,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"7.5\n",[15,146389,146390],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146391,146392],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146393,146387],{"class":96},[20,146395,146396,146397,144],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[88,146398,146399],{"href":2565},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1059,146401,146403,146404],{"id":146402},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146405,36113],{},[56,146407,146409],{"className":58,"code":146408,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146410,146411],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146412,146413,146415,146417,146419,146421,146423,146425,146427,146429,146431],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146414,165],{"class":164},[65,146416,168],{"class":79},[65,146418,146039],{"class":164},[65,146420,168],{"class":79},[65,146422,59924],{"class":164},[65,146424,168],{"class":79},[65,146426,3135],{"class":96},[65,146428,100],{"class":79},[65,146430,37560],{"class":96},[65,146432,3058],{"class":79},[20,146434,191],{},[56,146436,146437],{"className":58,"code":46962,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,146438,146439],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146440,146441],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146442,46962],{"class":96},[20,146444,113486,146445,144],{},[15,146446,146447],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1059,146449,146451],{"id":146450},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146453,146454,146455,146457,146458,1048,146460,146457,146462,144],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146456,3753],{}," acts like ",[15,146459,3135],{},[15,146461,3827],{},[15,146463,2267],{},[56,146465,146467],{"className":58,"code":146466,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146468,146469,146493],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146470,146471,146473,146475,146477,146479,146481,146483,146485,146487,146489,146491],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146472,51889],{"class":71},[65,146474,76],{"class":75},[65,146476,3773],{"class":79},[65,146478,3753],{"class":4005},[65,146480,100],{"class":79},[65,146482,4061],{"class":4005},[65,146484,100],{"class":79},[65,146486,4070],{"class":4005},[65,146488,100],{"class":79},[65,146490,4070],{"class":4005},[65,146492,3786],{"class":79},[65,146494,146495,146497,146499,146501,146503,146505],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,146496,165],{"class":164},[65,146498,168],{"class":79},[65,146500,146039],{"class":164},[65,146502,168],{"class":79},[65,146504,51942],{"class":147},[65,146506,1870],{"class":79},[20,146508,191],{},[56,146510,146511],{"className":58,"code":46538,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,146512,146513],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146514,146515],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146516,46538],{"class":96},[20,146518,146519,146520,144],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146521,3753],{},[51,146523,252,146525,146527],{"id":146524},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146526,145916],{}," does not work with",[20,146529,146530,146532],{},[15,146531,145916],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1059,146534,146536],{"id":146535},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146538,2982],{},[56,146540,146542],{"className":58,"code":146541,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146543,146544,146568],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146545,146546,146548,146550,146552,146554,146556,146558,146560,146562,146564,146566],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146547,4225],{"class":71},[65,146549,76],{"class":75},[65,146551,3773],{"class":79},[65,146553,84],{"class":83},[65,146555,3998],{"class":87},[65,146557,84],{"class":83},[65,146559,100],{"class":79},[65,146561,103],{"class":83},[65,146563,60517],{"class":87},[65,146565,84],{"class":83},[65,146567,3786],{"class":79},[65,146569,146570,146572,146574,146576,146578,146580],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,146571,165],{"class":164},[65,146573,168],{"class":79},[65,146575,146039],{"class":164},[65,146577,168],{"class":79},[65,146579,4269],{"class":147},[65,146581,1870],{"class":79},[20,146583,146584],{},"Use string joining instead:",[56,146586,146588],{"className":58,"code":146587,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146589,146590,146614],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146591,146592,146594,146596,146598,146600,146602,146604,146606,146608,146610,146612],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146593,4225],{"class":71},[65,146595,76],{"class":75},[65,146597,3773],{"class":79},[65,146599,84],{"class":83},[65,146601,3998],{"class":87},[65,146603,84],{"class":83},[65,146605,100],{"class":79},[65,146607,103],{"class":83},[65,146609,60517],{"class":87},[65,146611,84],{"class":83},[65,146613,3786],{"class":79},[65,146615,146616,146618,146620,146622,146624,146626,146628,146630],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,146617,165],{"class":164},[65,146619,168],{"class":79},[65,146621,6425],{"class":83},[65,146623,144],{"class":79},[65,146625,133441],{"class":147},[65,146627,168],{"class":79},[65,146629,4269],{"class":147},[65,146631,1870],{"class":79},[20,146633,191],{},[56,146635,146637],{"className":58,"code":146636,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"helloworld\n",[15,146638,146639],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146640,146641],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146642,146636],{"class":71},[20,146644,146645,146646,144],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[88,146647,146648,5935],{"href":42094},[15,146649,47605],{},[1059,146651,146653],{"id":146652},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146655,146656],{},"This also causes an error:",[56,146658,146660],{"className":58,"code":146659,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146661,146662,146689],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146663,146664,146667,146669,146671,146673,146675,146677,146679,146681,146683,146685,146687],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146665,146666],{"class":71},"lists ",[65,146668,76],{"class":75},[65,146670,56218],{"class":79},[65,146672,3135],{"class":96},[65,146674,100],{"class":79},[65,146676,113],{"class":96},[65,146678,18177],{"class":79},[65,146680,3773],{"class":79},[65,146682,2210],{"class":96},[65,146684,100],{"class":79},[65,146686,2602],{"class":96},[65,146688,53166],{"class":79},[65,146690,146691,146693,146695,146697,146699,146701],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,146692,165],{"class":164},[65,146694,168],{"class":79},[65,146696,146039],{"class":164},[65,146698,168],{"class":79},[65,146700,5451],{"class":147},[65,146702,1870],{"class":79},[20,146704,146705,146707],{},[15,146706,145916],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1059,146709,146711],{"id":146710},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146713,5624],{},[56,146715,146717],{"className":58,"code":146716,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146718,146719,146743],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146720,146721,146723,146725,146727,146729,146731,146733,146735,146737,146739,146741],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146722,3975],{"class":71},[65,146724,76],{"class":75},[65,146726,3773],{"class":79},[65,146728,3135],{"class":96},[65,146730,100],{"class":79},[65,146732,113],{"class":96},[65,146734,100],{"class":79},[65,146736,103],{"class":83},[65,146738,2210],{"class":87},[65,146740,84],{"class":83},[65,146742,3786],{"class":79},[65,146744,146745,146747,146749,146751,146753,146755],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,146746,165],{"class":164},[65,146748,168],{"class":79},[65,146750,146039],{"class":164},[65,146752,168],{"class":79},[65,146754,5510],{"class":147},[65,146756,1870],{"class":79},[20,146758,146759],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146761,146762,146763,146765,146766,144],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146764,65872],{},", convert them first. See ",[88,146767,3109],{"href":3108},[51,146769,41423],{"id":41422},[20,146771,146772,146773,144],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146774,145916],{},[1059,146776,6675],{"id":6674},[20,146778,4682],{},[56,146780,146782],{"className":58,"code":146781,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146783,146784],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146785,146786,146788,146790,146792,146794,146796],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146787,165],{"class":164},[65,146789,168],{"class":79},[65,146791,146039],{"class":164},[65,146793,168],{"class":79},[65,146795,2284],{"class":96},[65,146797,1870],{"class":79},[20,146799,146800],{},"Why it fails:",[30,146802,146803,146808],{},[33,146804,146805,146807],{},[15,146806,2284],{}," is a single integer",[33,146809,146810,146812],{},[15,146811,145916],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146814,6705],{},[56,146816,146818],{"className":58,"code":146817,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146819,146820],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146821,146822,146824,146826,146828,146830,146832],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146823,165],{"class":164},[65,146825,168],{"class":79},[65,146827,146039],{"class":164},[65,146829,3132],{"class":79},[65,146831,2284],{"class":96},[65,146833,3146],{"class":79},[20,146835,191],{},[56,146837,146838],{"className":58,"code":3093,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,146839,146840],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146841,146842],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146843,3093],{"class":96},[1059,146845,146847],{"id":146846},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146849,4682],{},[56,146851,146853],{"className":58,"code":146852,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146854,146855,146887],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146856,146857,146859,146861,146863,146865,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875,146877,146879,146881,146883,146885],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146858,3975],{"class":71},[65,146860,76],{"class":75},[65,146862,3773],{"class":79},[65,146864,84],{"class":83},[65,146866,3135],{"class":87},[65,146868,84],{"class":83},[65,146870,100],{"class":79},[65,146872,103],{"class":83},[65,146874,2204],{"class":87},[65,146876,84],{"class":83},[65,146878,100],{"class":79},[65,146880,103],{"class":83},[65,146882,2210],{"class":87},[65,146884,84],{"class":83},[65,146886,3786],{"class":79},[65,146888,146889,146891,146893,146895,146897,146899],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,146890,165],{"class":164},[65,146892,168],{"class":79},[65,146894,146039],{"class":164},[65,146896,168],{"class":79},[65,146898,5510],{"class":147},[65,146900,1870],{"class":79},[20,146902,146903],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[56,146905,146907],{"className":58,"code":146906,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146908,146909,146941,146969],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146910,146911,146913,146915,146917,146919,146921,146923,146925,146927,146929,146931,146933,146935,146937,146939],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146912,3975],{"class":71},[65,146914,76],{"class":75},[65,146916,3773],{"class":79},[65,146918,84],{"class":83},[65,146920,3135],{"class":87},[65,146922,84],{"class":83},[65,146924,100],{"class":79},[65,146926,103],{"class":83},[65,146928,2204],{"class":87},[65,146930,84],{"class":83},[65,146932,100],{"class":79},[65,146934,103],{"class":83},[65,146936,2210],{"class":87},[65,146938,84],{"class":83},[65,146940,3786],{"class":79},[65,146942,146943,146945,146947,146949,146951,146953,146955,146957,146959,146961,146963,146965,146967],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,146944,41101],{"class":71},[65,146946,76],{"class":75},[65,146948,145969],{"class":164},[65,146950,168],{"class":79},[65,146952,2335],{"class":1368},[65,146954,168],{"class":79},[65,146956,931],{"class":147},[65,146958,3813],{"class":79},[65,146960,4030],{"class":1405},[65,146962,4033],{"class":147},[65,146964,4036],{"class":1405},[65,146966,4039],{"class":147},[65,146968,174],{"class":79},[65,146970,146971,146973,146975,146977],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,146972,165],{"class":164},[65,146974,168],{"class":79},[65,146976,41130],{"class":147},[65,146978,174],{"class":79},[20,146980,191],{},[56,146982,146983],{"className":58,"code":2801,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,146984,146985],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,146986,146987],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,146988,2801],{"class":96},[20,146990,146991],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1059,146993,146995],{"id":146994},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146997,4682],{},[56,146999,147001],{"className":58,"code":147000,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147002,147003,147031],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147004,147005,147007,147009,147011,147013,147015,147017,147019,147021,147023,147025,147027,147029],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147006,3975],{"class":71},[65,147008,76],{"class":75},[65,147010,3773],{"class":79},[65,147012,3135],{"class":96},[65,147014,100],{"class":79},[65,147016,113],{"class":96},[65,147018,100],{"class":79},[65,147020,103],{"class":83},[65,147022,2210],{"class":87},[65,147024,84],{"class":83},[65,147026,100],{"class":79},[65,147028,2602],{"class":96},[65,147030,3786],{"class":79},[65,147032,147033,147035,147037,147039,147041,147043],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,147034,165],{"class":164},[65,147036,168],{"class":79},[65,147038,146039],{"class":164},[65,147040,168],{"class":79},[65,147042,5510],{"class":147},[65,147044,1870],{"class":79},[20,147046,147047],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[56,147049,147051],{"className":58,"code":147050,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147052,147053,147081,147109],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147054,147055,147057,147059,147061,147063,147065,147067,147069,147071,147073,147075,147077,147079],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147056,3975],{"class":71},[65,147058,76],{"class":75},[65,147060,3773],{"class":79},[65,147062,3135],{"class":96},[65,147064,100],{"class":79},[65,147066,113],{"class":96},[65,147068,100],{"class":79},[65,147070,103],{"class":83},[65,147072,2210],{"class":87},[65,147074,84],{"class":83},[65,147076,100],{"class":79},[65,147078,2602],{"class":96},[65,147080,3786],{"class":79},[65,147082,147083,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,147084,41101],{"class":71},[65,147086,76],{"class":75},[65,147088,145969],{"class":164},[65,147090,168],{"class":79},[65,147092,2335],{"class":1368},[65,147094,168],{"class":79},[65,147096,931],{"class":147},[65,147098,3813],{"class":79},[65,147100,4030],{"class":1405},[65,147102,4033],{"class":147},[65,147104,4036],{"class":1405},[65,147106,4039],{"class":147},[65,147108,174],{"class":79},[65,147110,147111,147113,147115,147117],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,147112,165],{"class":164},[65,147114,168],{"class":79},[65,147116,41130],{"class":147},[65,147118,174],{"class":79},[20,147120,191],{},[56,147122,147123],{"className":58,"code":2522,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,147124,147125],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147126,147127],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147128,2522],{"class":96},[1059,147130,8569,147132,147134],{"id":147131},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147133,145916],{}," to join text",[20,147136,4682],{},[56,147138,147140],{"className":58,"code":147139,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147141,147142,147198],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147143,147144,147146,147148,147150,147152,147154,147156,147158,147160,147162,147164,147166,147168,147170,147172,147174,147176,147178,147180,147182,147184,147186,147188,147190,147192,147194,147196],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147145,36005],{"class":71},[65,147147,76],{"class":75},[65,147149,3773],{"class":79},[65,147151,84],{"class":83},[65,147153,134040],{"class":87},[65,147155,84],{"class":83},[65,147157,100],{"class":79},[65,147159,103],{"class":83},[65,147161,944],{"class":87},[65,147163,84],{"class":83},[65,147165,100],{"class":79},[65,147167,103],{"class":83},[65,147169,63213],{"class":87},[65,147171,84],{"class":83},[65,147173,100],{"class":79},[65,147175,103],{"class":83},[65,147177,60364],{"class":87},[65,147179,84],{"class":83},[65,147181,100],{"class":79},[65,147183,103],{"class":83},[65,147185,60399],{"class":87},[65,147187,84],{"class":83},[65,147189,100],{"class":79},[65,147191,103],{"class":83},[65,147193,75957],{"class":87},[65,147195,84],{"class":83},[65,147197,3786],{"class":79},[65,147199,147200,147202,147204,147206,147208,147210],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,147201,165],{"class":164},[65,147203,168],{"class":79},[65,147205,146039],{"class":164},[65,147207,168],{"class":79},[65,147209,36058],{"class":147},[65,147211,1870],{"class":79},[20,147213,1309,147214,60458],{},[15,147215,133364],{},[56,147217,147219],{"className":58,"code":147218,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147220,147221,147277],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147222,147223,147225,147227,147229,147231,147233,147235,147237,147239,147241,147243,147245,147247,147249,147251,147253,147255,147257,147259,147261,147263,147265,147267,147269,147271,147273,147275],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147224,36005],{"class":71},[65,147226,76],{"class":75},[65,147228,3773],{"class":79},[65,147230,84],{"class":83},[65,147232,134040],{"class":87},[65,147234,84],{"class":83},[65,147236,100],{"class":79},[65,147238,103],{"class":83},[65,147240,944],{"class":87},[65,147242,84],{"class":83},[65,147244,100],{"class":79},[65,147246,103],{"class":83},[65,147248,63213],{"class":87},[65,147250,84],{"class":83},[65,147252,100],{"class":79},[65,147254,103],{"class":83},[65,147256,60364],{"class":87},[65,147258,84],{"class":83},[65,147260,100],{"class":79},[65,147262,103],{"class":83},[65,147264,60399],{"class":87},[65,147266,84],{"class":83},[65,147268,100],{"class":79},[65,147270,103],{"class":83},[65,147272,75957],{"class":87},[65,147274,84],{"class":83},[65,147276,3786],{"class":79},[65,147278,147279,147281,147283,147285,147287,147289,147291,147293],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,147280,165],{"class":164},[65,147282,168],{"class":79},[65,147284,6425],{"class":83},[65,147286,144],{"class":79},[65,147288,133441],{"class":147},[65,147290,168],{"class":79},[65,147292,36058],{"class":147},[65,147294,1870],{"class":79},[20,147296,191],{},[56,147298,147299],{"className":58,"code":134121,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,147300,147301],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147302,147303],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147304,134121],{"class":71},[20,147306,147307,147308,144],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[88,147309,147310],{"href":135202},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[51,147312,147314,147316],{"id":147313},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147315,145916],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147318,147319,147321],{},[15,147320,145916],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1059,147323,8569,147325],{"id":147324},"using-sum",[15,147326,145916],{},[56,147328,147330],{"className":58,"code":147329,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147331,147332,147352,147366],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147333,147334,147336,147338,147340,147342,147344,147346,147348,147350],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147335,3768],{"class":71},[65,147337,76],{"class":75},[65,147339,3773],{"class":79},[65,147341,2650],{"class":96},[65,147343,100],{"class":79},[65,147345,6146],{"class":96},[65,147347,100],{"class":79},[65,147349,54060],{"class":96},[65,147351,3786],{"class":79},[65,147353,147354,147356,147358,147360,147362,147364],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,147355,41101],{"class":71},[65,147357,76],{"class":75},[65,147359,145969],{"class":164},[65,147361,168],{"class":79},[65,147363,3800],{"class":147},[65,147365,174],{"class":79},[65,147367,147368,147370,147372,147374],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,147369,165],{"class":164},[65,147371,168],{"class":79},[65,147373,41130],{"class":147},[65,147375,174],{"class":79},[1059,147377,147379],{"id":147378},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[56,147381,147383],{"className":58,"code":147382,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147384,147385,147405,147413,147417,147429,147437,147441],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147386,147387,147389,147391,147393,147395,147397,147399,147401,147403],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147388,3768],{"class":71},[65,147390,76],{"class":75},[65,147392,3773],{"class":79},[65,147394,2650],{"class":96},[65,147396,100],{"class":79},[65,147398,6146],{"class":96},[65,147400,100],{"class":79},[65,147402,54060],{"class":96},[65,147404,3786],{"class":79},[65,147406,147407,147409,147411],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,147408,41101],{"class":71},[65,147410,76],{"class":75},[65,147412,38430],{"class":96},[65,147414,147415],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,147416,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,147418,147419,147421,147423,147425,147427],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,147420,6110],{"class":1405},[65,147422,6540],{"class":71},[65,147424,4036],{"class":1405},[65,147426,4419],{"class":71},[65,147428,1411],{"class":79},[65,147430,147431,147433,147435],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,147432,90034],{"class":71},[65,147434,90037],{"class":75},[65,147436,90040],{"class":71},[65,147438,147439],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,147440,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,147442,147443,147445,147447,147449],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,147444,165],{"class":164},[65,147446,168],{"class":79},[65,147448,41130],{"class":147},[65,147450,174],{"class":79},[20,147452,147453],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147455,2633,147456,147458],{},[15,147457,145916],{}," is often better:",[30,147460,147461,147464,147467],{},[33,147462,147463],{},"Shorter code",[33,147465,147466],{},"Easier to read",[33,147468,147469],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147471,147472],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[30,147474,147475,147478,147481],{},[33,147476,147477],{},"You need to skip some values",[33,147479,147480],{},"You need extra checks",[33,147482,147483],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147485,147486,147487,147490,147491,147493],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[88,147488,147489],{"href":39926},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147492,145916],{}," on the filtered result.",[51,147495,1766],{"id":1765},[20,147497,147498,147499,93],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147500,145916],{},[30,147502,147503,147509,147516,147523],{},[33,147504,147505,147506],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147507,147508],{},"sum(5)",[33,147510,147511,147512,147515],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147513,147514],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[33,147517,8569,147518,147520,147521],{},[15,147519,145916],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147522,133364],{},[33,147524,147525],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147527,9026,147528,147530],{},[15,147529,145916],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[56,147532,147534],{"className":58,"code":147533,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147535,147536,147546,147560,147584],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147537,147538,147540,147542,147544],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147539,165],{"class":164},[65,147541,168],{"class":79},[65,147543,5510],{"class":147},[65,147545,174],{"class":79},[65,147547,147548,147550,147552,147554,147556,147558],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,147549,165],{"class":164},[65,147551,168],{"class":79},[65,147553,3370],{"class":1368},[65,147555,168],{"class":79},[65,147557,5510],{"class":147},[65,147559,1870],{"class":79},[65,147561,147562,147564,147566,147568,147570,147572,147574,147576,147578,147580,147582],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,147563,165],{"class":164},[65,147565,3132],{"class":79},[65,147567,3370],{"class":1368},[65,147569,168],{"class":79},[65,147571,931],{"class":147},[65,147573,3813],{"class":79},[65,147575,4030],{"class":1405},[65,147577,4033],{"class":147},[65,147579,4036],{"class":1405},[65,147581,4039],{"class":147},[65,147583,4042],{"class":79},[65,147585,147586,147588,147590,147592,147594,147596,147598,147600,147602,147604,147606,147608,147610],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,147587,165],{"class":164},[65,147589,168],{"class":79},[65,147591,146039],{"class":164},[65,147593,3132],{"class":79},[65,147595,2335],{"class":1368},[65,147597,168],{"class":79},[65,147599,931],{"class":147},[65,147601,3813],{"class":79},[65,147603,4030],{"class":1405},[65,147605,4033],{"class":147},[65,147607,4036],{"class":1405},[65,147609,4039],{"class":147},[65,147611,3146],{"class":79},[20,147613,135935],{},[30,147615,147616,147622,147628,147633],{},[33,147617,147618,147621],{},[15,147619,147620],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[33,147623,147624,147627],{},[15,147625,147626],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[33,147629,147630,135957],{},[15,147631,147632],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[33,147634,147635,147638],{},[15,147636,147637],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[51,147640,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,147642,1953,147644,1956],{"id":147643},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147645,145916],{},[20,147647,147648],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1059,147650,5320,147652,147654],{"id":147651},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147653,145916],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147656,1982,147657,3024,147660,147663],{},[15,147658,147659],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147661,147662],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1059,147665,5320,147667,147669],{"id":147666},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147668,145916],{}," work with floats?",[20,147671,147672],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1059,147674,147676,147677,2637],{"id":147675},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147678,145916],{},[20,147680,147681,147682,147684],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147683,35987],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1059,147686,5308,147688,119320,147690,2637],{"id":147687},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147689,145916],{},[15,147691,3152],{},[20,147693,147694],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[51,147696,2015],{"id":2014},[30,147698,147699,147703,147709,147715,147721,147725,147729],{},[33,147700,147701],{},[88,147702,146399],{"href":2565},[33,147704,147705],{},[88,147706,3724,147707,3657],{"href":36110},[15,147708,36113],{},[33,147710,147711],{},[88,147712,3724,147713,3657],{"href":42277},[15,147714,42280],{},[33,147716,147717],{},[88,147718,3724,147719,3657],{"href":42094},[15,147720,47605],{},[33,147722,147723],{},[88,147724,5372],{"href":39926},[33,147726,147727],{},[88,147728,3674],{"href":3108},[33,147730,147731],{},[88,147732,147310],{"href":135202},[2071,147734,147735],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":147737},[147738,147739,147741,147742,147743,147745,147753,147759,147766,147772,147773,147785],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":145995,"depth":133,"text":147740},"What sum() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506},{"id":146173,"depth":133,"text":147744},"Using the start value",{"id":146275,"depth":133,"text":147746,"children":147747},"What sum() can work with",[147748,147749,147750,147752],{"id":40342,"depth":154,"text":40343},{"id":51969,"depth":154,"text":146341},{"id":146402,"depth":154,"text":147751},"Values from range()",{"id":146450,"depth":154,"text":146451},{"id":146524,"depth":133,"text":147754,"children":147755},"What sum() does not work with",[147756,147757,147758],{"id":146535,"depth":154,"text":146536},{"id":146652,"depth":154,"text":146653},{"id":146710,"depth":154,"text":146711},{"id":41422,"depth":133,"text":41423,"children":147760},[147761,147762,147763,147764],{"id":6674,"depth":154,"text":6675},{"id":146846,"depth":154,"text":146847},{"id":146994,"depth":154,"text":146995},{"id":147131,"depth":154,"text":147765},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147313,"depth":133,"text":147767,"children":147768},"sum() vs manual loop",[147769,147771],{"id":147324,"depth":154,"text":147770},"Using sum()",{"id":147378,"depth":154,"text":147379},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":147774},[147775,147777,147779,147781,147783],{"id":147643,"depth":154,"text":147776},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147651,"depth":154,"text":147778},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147666,"depth":154,"text":147780},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147675,"depth":154,"text":147782},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147687,"depth":154,"text":147784},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145908,"description":147786},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147793,"title":147794,"body":147795,"description":149197,"extension":2111,"meta":149198,"navigation":157,"path":149199,"seo":149200,"stem":149201,"__hash__":149202},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147796,"toc":149165},[147797,147803,147809,147812,147875,147881,147886,147890,147907,147921,147925,147945,147959,147961,148054,148056,148070,148072,148075,148164,148166,148174,148183,148185,148189,148210,148212,148304,148306,148327,148329,148333,148347,148349,148423,148425,148444,148448,148451,148474,148476,148587,148594,148602,148604,148610,148613,148656,148659,148682,148690,148694,148769,148775,148800,148807,148810,148813,148817,148822,148910,148918,148922,148925,148950,148954,149015,149019,149068,149078,149080,149085,149088,149094,149097,149101,149105,149111,149114,149122,149130,149132,149162],[10,147798,147800,147801,18],{"id":147799},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147802,57215],{},[20,147804,147805,147808],{},[15,147806,147807],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147810,147811],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[56,147813,147815],{"className":58,"code":147814,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147816,147817,147845,147863],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147818,147819,147821,147823,147825,147827,147829,147831,147833,147835,147837,147839,147841,147843],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147820,3768],{"class":71},[65,147822,76],{"class":75},[65,147824,648],{"class":79},[65,147826,3135],{"class":96},[65,147828,100],{"class":79},[65,147830,113],{"class":96},[65,147832,100],{"class":79},[65,147834,113],{"class":96},[65,147836,100],{"class":79},[65,147838,127],{"class":96},[65,147840,100],{"class":79},[65,147842,113],{"class":96},[65,147844,174],{"class":79},[65,147846,147847,147849,147851,147853,147855,147857,147859,147861],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,147848,401],{"class":71},[65,147850,76],{"class":75},[65,147852,4419],{"class":71},[65,147854,144],{"class":79},[65,147856,41178],{"class":147},[65,147858,168],{"class":79},[65,147860,2204],{"class":96},[65,147862,174],{"class":79},[65,147864,147865,147867,147869,147871,147873],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,147866,165],{"class":164},[65,147868,168],{"class":79},[65,147870,425],{"class":147},[65,147872,3813],{"class":79},[65,147874,50693],{"class":3816},[20,147876,1309,147877,147880],{},[15,147878,147879],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[51,147882,252,147884,255],{"id":147883},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147885,147807],{},[20,147887,147888,93],{},[15,147889,147879],{},[30,147891,147892,147898,147901,147904],{},[33,147893,147894,147895,147897],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147896,1714],{}," appears in the tuple",[33,147899,147900],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[33,147902,147903],{},"Returns an integer",[33,147905,147906],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147908,147909,147910,147912,147913,3024,147917,144],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147911,57215],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[88,147914,147916],{"href":147915},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[88,147918,147920],{"href":147919},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[51,147922,147924],{"id":147923},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[56,147926,147928],{"className":58,"code":147927,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147929,147930],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147931,147932,147935,147937,147939,147941,147943],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147933,147934],{"class":71},"my_tuple",[65,147936,144],{"class":79},[65,147938,41178],{"class":147},[65,147940,168],{"class":79},[65,147942,1714],{"class":147},[65,147944,174],{"class":79},[30,147946,147947,147951,147954],{},[33,147948,147949,57380],{},[15,147950,1714],{},[33,147952,147953],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[33,147955,147956,147957],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147958,2267],{},[1059,147960,103035],{"id":103034},[56,147962,147964],{"className":58,"code":147963,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147965,147966,148006,148030],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,147967,147968,147970,147972,147974,147976,147978,147980,147982,147984,147986,147988,147990,147992,147994,147996,147998,148000,148002,148004],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,147969,13206],{"class":71},[65,147971,76],{"class":75},[65,147973,648],{"class":79},[65,147975,84],{"class":83},[65,147977,13223],{"class":87},[65,147979,84],{"class":83},[65,147981,100],{"class":79},[65,147983,103],{"class":83},[65,147985,13240],{"class":87},[65,147987,84],{"class":83},[65,147989,100],{"class":79},[65,147991,103],{"class":83},[65,147993,13223],{"class":87},[65,147995,84],{"class":83},[65,147997,100],{"class":79},[65,147999,103],{"class":83},[65,148001,17570],{"class":87},[65,148003,84],{"class":83},[65,148005,174],{"class":79},[65,148007,148008,148010,148012,148014,148016,148018,148020,148022,148024,148026,148028],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,148009,165],{"class":164},[65,148011,168],{"class":79},[65,148013,17617],{"class":147},[65,148015,144],{"class":79},[65,148017,41178],{"class":147},[65,148019,168],{"class":79},[65,148021,84],{"class":83},[65,148023,13223],{"class":87},[65,148025,84],{"class":83},[65,148027,5513],{"class":79},[65,148029,57570],{"class":3816},[65,148031,148032,148034,148036,148038,148040,148042,148044,148046,148048,148050,148052],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,148033,165],{"class":164},[65,148035,168],{"class":79},[65,148037,17617],{"class":147},[65,148039,144],{"class":79},[65,148041,41178],{"class":147},[65,148043,168],{"class":79},[65,148045,84],{"class":83},[65,148047,22631],{"class":87},[65,148049,84],{"class":83},[65,148051,5513],{"class":79},[65,148053,51170],{"class":3816},[20,148055,20072],{},[30,148057,148058,148063],{},[33,148059,148060,148062],{},[15,148061,65319],{}," appears 2 times",[33,148064,148065,148067,148068],{},[15,148066,109731],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148069,2267],{},[51,148071,506],{"id":505},[20,148073,148074],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[56,148076,148078],{"className":58,"code":148077,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148079,148080,148128,148132,148154],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148081,148082,148084,148086,148088,148090,148092,148094,148096,148098,148100,148102,148104,148106,148108,148110,148112,148114,148116,148118,148120,148122,148124,148126],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148083,36154],{"class":71},[65,148085,76],{"class":75},[65,148087,648],{"class":79},[65,148089,84],{"class":83},[65,148091,4234],{"class":87},[65,148093,84],{"class":83},[65,148095,100],{"class":79},[65,148097,103],{"class":83},[65,148099,4243],{"class":87},[65,148101,84],{"class":83},[65,148103,100],{"class":79},[65,148105,103],{"class":83},[65,148107,4234],{"class":87},[65,148109,84],{"class":83},[65,148111,100],{"class":79},[65,148113,103],{"class":83},[65,148115,33132],{"class":87},[65,148117,84],{"class":83},[65,148119,100],{"class":79},[65,148121,103],{"class":83},[65,148123,4234],{"class":87},[65,148125,84],{"class":83},[65,148127,174],{"class":79},[65,148129,148130],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,148131,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,148133,148134,148136,148138,148140,148142,148144,148146,148148,148150,148152],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,148135,401],{"class":71},[65,148137,76],{"class":75},[65,148139,52775],{"class":71},[65,148141,144],{"class":79},[65,148143,41178],{"class":147},[65,148145,168],{"class":79},[65,148147,84],{"class":83},[65,148149,4234],{"class":87},[65,148151,84],{"class":83},[65,148153,174],{"class":79},[65,148155,148156,148158,148160,148162],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,148157,165],{"class":164},[65,148159,168],{"class":79},[65,148161,425],{"class":147},[65,148163,174],{"class":79},[20,148165,191],{},[56,148167,148168],{"className":58,"code":46538,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,148169,148170],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148171,148172],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148173,46538],{"class":96},[20,148175,148176,148178,148179,2543,148181,144],{},[15,148177,57758],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148180,57215],{},[15,148182,2210],{},[51,148184,37937],{"id":37936},[20,148186,57469,148187,128670],{},[15,148188,57215],{},[30,148190,148191,148196,148201,148204],{},[33,148192,11566,148193,148195],{},[15,148194,2267],{}," when the value does not exist",[33,148197,11566,148198,148200],{},[15,148199,3135],{}," when the value appears once",[33,148202,148203],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[33,148205,148206,148207,148209],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148208,1406],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148211,350],{},[56,148213,148215],{"className":58,"code":148214,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148216,148217,148258,148262,148289],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148218,148219,148222,148224,148226,148228,148230,148232,148234,148236,148238,148240,148242,148244,148246,148248,148250,148252,148254,148256],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148220,148221],{"class":71},"answers ",[65,148223,76],{"class":75},[65,148225,648],{"class":79},[65,148227,84],{"class":83},[65,148229,8808],{"class":87},[65,148231,84],{"class":83},[65,148233,100],{"class":79},[65,148235,103],{"class":83},[65,148237,8748],{"class":87},[65,148239,84],{"class":83},[65,148241,100],{"class":79},[65,148243,103],{"class":83},[65,148245,8808],{"class":87},[65,148247,84],{"class":83},[65,148249,100],{"class":79},[65,148251,103],{"class":83},[65,148253,8808],{"class":87},[65,148255,84],{"class":83},[65,148257,174],{"class":79},[65,148259,148260],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,148261,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,148263,148264,148266,148269,148271,148273,148275,148277,148279,148281,148283,148285,148287],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,148265,1406],{"class":1405},[65,148267,148268],{"class":71}," answers",[65,148270,144],{"class":79},[65,148272,41178],{"class":147},[65,148274,168],{"class":79},[65,148276,84],{"class":83},[65,148278,8808],{"class":87},[65,148280,84],{"class":83},[65,148282,3813],{"class":79},[65,148284,38313],{"class":75},[65,148286,97],{"class":96},[65,148288,1411],{"class":79},[65,148290,148291,148293,148295,148297,148300,148302],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,148292,1431],{"class":164},[65,148294,168],{"class":79},[65,148296,84],{"class":83},[65,148298,148299],{"class":87},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[65,148301,84],{"class":83},[65,148303,174],{"class":79},[20,148305,191],{},[56,148307,148309],{"className":58,"code":148308,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148310,148311],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148312,148313,148316,148318,148320,148322,148325],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148314,148315],{"class":71},"The answer ",[65,148317,203],{"class":83},[65,148319,8808],{"class":87},[65,148321,203],{"class":83},[65,148323,148324],{"class":71}," appears more than once",[65,148326,122314],{"class":79},[51,148328,40964],{"id":40963},[20,148330,35319,148331,104498],{},[15,148332,147807],{},[30,148334,148335,148338,148341,148344],{},[33,148336,148337],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[33,148339,148340],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[33,148342,148343],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[33,148345,148346],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148348,350],{},[56,148350,148352],{"className":58,"code":148351,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148353,148354,148382,148386,148408],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148355,148356,148358,148360,148362,148364,148366,148368,148370,148372,148374,148376,148378,148380],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148357,519],{"class":71},[65,148359,76],{"class":75},[65,148361,648],{"class":79},[65,148363,2476],{"class":96},[65,148365,100],{"class":79},[65,148367,7940],{"class":96},[65,148369,100],{"class":79},[65,148371,6157],{"class":96},[65,148373,100],{"class":79},[65,148375,7945],{"class":96},[65,148377,100],{"class":79},[65,148379,6157],{"class":96},[65,148381,174],{"class":79},[65,148383,148384],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,148385,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,148387,148388,148390,148392,148394,148396,148398,148400,148402,148404,148406],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,148389,1406],{"class":1405},[65,148391,579],{"class":71},[65,148393,144],{"class":79},[65,148395,41178],{"class":147},[65,148397,168],{"class":79},[65,148399,2476],{"class":96},[65,148401,3813],{"class":79},[65,148403,51211],{"class":75},[65,148405,113],{"class":96},[65,148407,1411],{"class":79},[65,148409,148410,148412,148414,148416,148419,148421],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,148411,1431],{"class":164},[65,148413,168],{"class":79},[65,148415,84],{"class":83},[65,148417,148418],{"class":87},"The score 10 is repeated.",[65,148420,84],{"class":83},[65,148422,174],{"class":79},[20,148424,191],{},[56,148426,148428],{"className":58,"code":148427,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148429,148430],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148431,148432,148435,148437,148439,148442],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148433,148434],{"class":71},"The score ",[65,148436,2476],{"class":96},[65,148438,8247],{"class":75},[65,148440,148441],{"class":71}," repeated",[65,148443,122314],{"class":79},[51,148445,148447],{"id":148446},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148449,148450],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[30,148452,148453,148459,148464,148467],{},[33,148454,148455,148456,148458],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148457,57215],{}," still works because it only reads data",[33,148460,148461,148463],{},[15,148462,57215],{}," counts exact matches",[33,148465,148466],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[33,148468,148469,1048,148471,148473],{},[15,148470,3135],{},[15,148472,42077],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148475,350],{},[56,148477,148479],{"className":58,"code":148478,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148480,148481,148515,148519,148539,148563],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148482,148483,148485,148487,148489,148491,148493,148496,148498,148500,148503,148505,148507,148509,148511,148513],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148484,3975],{"class":71},[65,148486,76],{"class":75},[65,148488,648],{"class":79},[65,148490,3135],{"class":96},[65,148492,100],{"class":79},[65,148494,148495],{"class":96}," 1.0",[65,148497,100],{"class":79},[65,148499,103],{"class":83},[65,148501,148502],{"class":87},"Cat",[65,148504,84],{"class":83},[65,148506,100],{"class":79},[65,148508,103],{"class":83},[65,148510,36963],{"class":87},[65,148512,84],{"class":83},[65,148514,174],{"class":79},[65,148516,148517],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,148518,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,148520,148521,148523,148525,148527,148529,148531,148533,148535,148537],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,148522,165],{"class":164},[65,148524,168],{"class":79},[65,148526,5510],{"class":147},[65,148528,144],{"class":79},[65,148530,41178],{"class":147},[65,148532,168],{"class":79},[65,148534,3135],{"class":96},[65,148536,5513],{"class":79},[65,148538,51017],{"class":3816},[65,148540,148541,148543,148545,148547,148549,148551,148553,148555,148557,148559,148561],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,148542,165],{"class":164},[65,148544,168],{"class":79},[65,148546,5510],{"class":147},[65,148548,144],{"class":79},[65,148550,41178],{"class":147},[65,148552,168],{"class":79},[65,148554,84],{"class":83},[65,148556,148502],{"class":87},[65,148558,84],{"class":83},[65,148560,5513],{"class":79},[65,148562,27883],{"class":3816},[65,148564,148565,148567,148569,148571,148573,148575,148577,148579,148581,148583,148585],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,148566,165],{"class":164},[65,148568,168],{"class":79},[65,148570,5510],{"class":147},[65,148572,144],{"class":79},[65,148574,41178],{"class":147},[65,148576,168],{"class":79},[65,148578,84],{"class":83},[65,148580,36963],{"class":87},[65,148582,84],{"class":83},[65,148584,5513],{"class":79},[65,148586,27883],{"class":3816},[20,148588,5308,148589,5311,148592,2637],{},[15,148590,148591],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148593,2204],{},[20,148595,8936,148596,4939,148599,148601],{},[15,148597,148598],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148600,3753],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[51,148603,1766],{"id":1765},[1059,148605,8569,148607,148609],{"id":148606},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148608,41178],{}," without parentheses",[20,148611,148612],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[56,148614,148616],{"className":58,"code":148615,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148617,148618,148642],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148619,148620,148622,148624,148626,148628,148630,148632,148634,148636,148638,148640],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148621,3768],{"class":71},[65,148623,76],{"class":75},[65,148625,648],{"class":79},[65,148627,3135],{"class":96},[65,148629,100],{"class":79},[65,148631,113],{"class":96},[65,148633,100],{"class":79},[65,148635,113],{"class":96},[65,148637,100],{"class":79},[65,148639,127],{"class":96},[65,148641,174],{"class":79},[65,148643,148644,148646,148648,148650,148652,148654],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,148645,165],{"class":164},[65,148647,168],{"class":79},[65,148649,3800],{"class":147},[65,148651,144],{"class":79},[65,148653,41178],{"class":24857},[65,148655,174],{"class":79},[20,148657,148658],{},"To call the method correctly:",[56,148660,148662],{"className":58,"code":148661,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148663,148664],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148665,148666,148668,148670,148672,148674,148676,148678,148680],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148667,165],{"class":164},[65,148669,168],{"class":79},[65,148671,3800],{"class":147},[65,148673,144],{"class":79},[65,148675,41178],{"class":147},[65,148677,168],{"class":79},[65,148679,2204],{"class":96},[65,148681,1870],{"class":79},[1059,148683,1792,148684,8606,148686,3024,148688],{"id":58518},[15,148685,57215],{},[15,148687,3753],{},[15,148689,3827],{},[20,148691,148692,58529],{},[15,148693,57215],{},[56,148695,148697],{"className":58,"code":148696,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148698,148699,148731,148753,148757],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148700,148701,148703,148705,148707,148709,148711,148713,148715,148717,148719,148721,148723,148725,148727,148729],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148702,36005],{"class":71},[65,148704,76],{"class":75},[65,148706,648],{"class":79},[65,148708,84],{"class":83},[65,148710,88],{"class":87},[65,148712,84],{"class":83},[65,148714,100],{"class":79},[65,148716,103],{"class":83},[65,148718,106],{"class":87},[65,148720,84],{"class":83},[65,148722,100],{"class":79},[65,148724,103],{"class":83},[65,148726,88],{"class":87},[65,148728,84],{"class":83},[65,148730,174],{"class":79},[65,148732,148733,148735,148737,148739,148741,148743,148745,148747,148749,148751],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,148734,401],{"class":71},[65,148736,76],{"class":75},[65,148738,70023],{"class":71},[65,148740,144],{"class":79},[65,148742,41178],{"class":147},[65,148744,168],{"class":79},[65,148746,84],{"class":83},[65,148748,88],{"class":87},[65,148750,84],{"class":83},[65,148752,174],{"class":79},[65,148754,148755],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,148756,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,148758,148759,148761,148763,148765,148767],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,148760,165],{"class":164},[65,148762,168],{"class":79},[65,148764,425],{"class":147},[65,148766,3813],{"class":79},[65,148768,51338],{"class":3816},[20,148770,148771,148772,148774],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148773,4036],{}," is often simpler:",[56,148776,148778],{"className":58,"code":148777,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148779,148780],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148781,148782,148784,148786,148788,148790,148792,148794,148796,148798],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148783,165],{"class":164},[65,148785,168],{"class":79},[65,148787,84],{"class":83},[65,148789,88],{"class":87},[65,148791,84],{"class":83},[65,148793,21289],{"class":1405},[65,148795,70023],{"class":147},[65,148797,3813],{"class":79},[65,148799,3817],{"class":3816},[1059,148801,37120,148803,8855,148805],{"id":148802},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148804,147807],{},[15,148806,57220],{},[20,148808,148809],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148811,148812],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1059,148814,148816],{"id":148815},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148818,148819,148821],{},[15,148820,57215],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[56,148823,148825],{"className":58,"code":148824,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148826,148827,148860,148886],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148828,148829,148831,148833,148835,148837,148839,148841,148843,148845,148848,148850,148852,148854,148856,148858],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148830,4225],{"class":71},[65,148832,76],{"class":75},[65,148834,648],{"class":79},[65,148836,84],{"class":83},[65,148838,4234],{"class":87},[65,148840,84],{"class":83},[65,148842,100],{"class":79},[65,148844,103],{"class":83},[65,148846,148847],{"class":87},"pineapple",[65,148849,84],{"class":83},[65,148851,100],{"class":79},[65,148853,103],{"class":83},[65,148855,4234],{"class":87},[65,148857,84],{"class":83},[65,148859,174],{"class":79},[65,148861,148862,148864,148866,148868,148870,148872,148874,148876,148879,148881,148883],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,148863,165],{"class":164},[65,148865,168],{"class":79},[65,148867,4269],{"class":147},[65,148869,144],{"class":79},[65,148871,41178],{"class":147},[65,148873,168],{"class":79},[65,148875,84],{"class":83},[65,148877,148878],{"class":87},"app",[65,148880,84],{"class":83},[65,148882,5513],{"class":79},[65,148884,148885],{"class":3816},"    # 0\n",[65,148887,148888,148890,148892,148894,148896,148898,148900,148902,148904,148906,148908],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,148889,165],{"class":164},[65,148891,168],{"class":79},[65,148893,4269],{"class":147},[65,148895,144],{"class":79},[65,148897,41178],{"class":147},[65,148899,168],{"class":79},[65,148901,84],{"class":83},[65,148903,4234],{"class":87},[65,148905,84],{"class":83},[65,148907,5513],{"class":79},[65,148909,51338],{"class":3816},[20,148911,148912,148915,148916,144],{},[15,148913,148914],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148917,2267],{},[51,148919,148921],{"id":148920},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148923,148924],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[30,148926,148927,148932,148941,148947],{},[33,148928,1309,148929,148931],{},[15,148930,4036],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[33,148933,1309,148934,148940],{},[88,148935,148937,148938],{"href":148936},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148939,58893],{}," to find the position of a value",[33,148942,1309,148943,148946],{},[15,148944,148945],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[33,148948,148949],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148951,45961,148952,93],{},[15,148953,4036],{},[56,148955,148957],{"className":58,"code":148956,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148958,148959,148979,148983,148999],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,148960,148961,148963,148965,148967,148969,148971,148973,148975,148977],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,148962,3768],{"class":71},[65,148964,76],{"class":75},[65,148966,648],{"class":79},[65,148968,2650],{"class":96},[65,148970,100],{"class":79},[65,148972,6146],{"class":96},[65,148974,100],{"class":79},[65,148976,54060],{"class":96},[65,148978,174],{"class":79},[65,148980,148981],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,148982,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,148984,148985,148987,148989,148991,148993,148995,148997],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,148986,165],{"class":164},[65,148988,168],{"class":79},[65,148990,2172],{"class":96},[65,148992,21289],{"class":1405},[65,148994,4419],{"class":147},[65,148996,3813],{"class":79},[65,148998,43775],{"class":3816},[65,149000,149001,149003,149005,149007,149009,149011,149013],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,149002,165],{"class":164},[65,149004,168],{"class":79},[65,149006,2284],{"class":96},[65,149008,21289],{"class":1405},[65,149010,4419],{"class":147},[65,149012,3813],{"class":79},[65,149014,43792],{"class":3816},[20,149016,45961,149017,93],{},[15,149018,58893],{},[56,149020,149022],{"className":58,"code":149021,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149023,149024,149048],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149025,149026,149028,149030,149032,149034,149036,149038,149040,149042,149044,149046],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149027,3768],{"class":71},[65,149029,76],{"class":75},[65,149031,648],{"class":79},[65,149033,2650],{"class":96},[65,149035,100],{"class":79},[65,149037,6146],{"class":96},[65,149039,100],{"class":79},[65,149041,54060],{"class":96},[65,149043,100],{"class":79},[65,149045,6146],{"class":96},[65,149047,174],{"class":79},[65,149049,149050,149052,149054,149056,149058,149060,149062,149064,149066],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,149051,165],{"class":164},[65,149053,168],{"class":79},[65,149055,3800],{"class":147},[65,149057,144],{"class":79},[65,149059,35760],{"class":147},[65,149061,168],{"class":79},[65,149063,2172],{"class":96},[65,149065,5513],{"class":79},[65,149067,27883],{"class":3816},[20,149069,149070,149072,149073,149075,149077],{},[15,149071,57215],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9990,149074],{},[15,149076,58893],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[51,149079,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,149081,1953,149083,1956],{"id":149082},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149084,147807],{},[20,149086,149087],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1059,149089,1966,149091,149093],{"id":149090},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149092,147807],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149095,149096],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1059,149098,149100],{"id":149099},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149102,12046,149103,144],{},[15,149104,2267],{},[1059,149106,5320,149108,149110],{"id":149107},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149109,147807],{}," count strings?",[20,149112,149113],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1059,149115,5330,149117,1048,149119,2637],{"id":149116},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149118,147807],{},[15,149120,149121],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149123,149124,149126,149127,149129],{},[15,149125,57215],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149128,58893],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[51,149131,2015],{"id":2014},[30,149133,149134,149138,149143,149150,149158],{},[33,149135,149136],{},[88,149137,147916],{"href":147915},[33,149139,149140],{},[88,149141,149142],{"href":147919},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[33,149144,149145],{},[88,149146,149147,149148,10885],{"href":148936},"Python tuple ",[15,149149,58893],{},[33,149151,149152],{},[88,149153,149155,149156],{"href":149154},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149157,42280],{},[33,149159,149160],{},[88,149161,58881],{"href":58880},[2071,149163,149164],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":149166},[149167,149169,149172,149173,149174,149175,149176,149184,149185,149196],{"id":147883,"depth":133,"text":149168},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147923,"depth":133,"text":147924,"children":149170},[149171],{"id":103034,"depth":154,"text":103035},{"id":505,"depth":133,"text":506},{"id":37936,"depth":133,"text":37937},{"id":40963,"depth":133,"text":40964},{"id":148446,"depth":133,"text":148447},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":149177},[149178,149180,149181,149183],{"id":148606,"depth":154,"text":149179},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58518,"depth":154,"text":58934},{"id":148802,"depth":154,"text":149182},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148815,"depth":154,"text":148816},{"id":148920,"depth":133,"text":148921},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":149186},[149187,149189,149191,149192,149194],{"id":149082,"depth":154,"text":149188},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149090,"depth":154,"text":149190},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149099,"depth":154,"text":149100},{"id":149107,"depth":154,"text":149193},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149116,"depth":154,"text":149195},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147794,"description":149197},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149204,"title":149205,"body":149206,"description":150893,"extension":2111,"meta":150894,"navigation":157,"path":150895,"seo":150896,"stem":150897,"__hash__":150898},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149207,"toc":150856},[149208,149211,149214,149223,149225,149355,149357,149418,149424,149426,149446,149450,149453,149456,149491,149493,149514,149517,149556,149558,149583,149590,149594,149597,149634,149636,149659,149662,149665,149677,149683,149687,149690,149696,149737,149739,149762,149765,149806,149808,149835,149837,149854,149856,149873,149876,149880,149883,149885,149919,149921,149968,149972,150011,150015,150018,150075,150077,150118,150124,150130,150135,150137,150174,150176,150196,150198,150231,150233,150266,150269,150273,150306,150308,150333,150336,150338,150352,150359,150361,150364,150368,150371,150406,150409,150444,150448,150451,150490,150493,150532,150536,150538,150568,150571,150578,150580,150612,150615,150647,150650,150681,150683,150700,150704,150707,150771,150773,150777,150784,150788,150791,150795,150798,150802,150805,150810,150816,150818,150853],[10,149209,149205],{"id":149210},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149212,149213],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149215,149216,149217,3024,149221,144],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[88,149218,149220],{"href":149219},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[88,149222,147916],{"href":147915},[51,149224,54],{"id":53},[56,149226,149228],{"className":58,"code":149227,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149229,149230,149250,149259,149273,149309,149313,149323,149333,149344],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149231,149232,149234,149236,149238,149240,149242,149244,149246,149248],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149233,3768],{"class":71},[65,149235,76],{"class":75},[65,149237,648],{"class":79},[65,149239,3135],{"class":96},[65,149241,100],{"class":79},[65,149243,113],{"class":96},[65,149245,100],{"class":79},[65,149247,127],{"class":96},[65,149249,174],{"class":79},[65,149251,149252,149254,149256],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,149253,124780],{"class":71},[65,149255,76],{"class":75},[65,149257,149258],{"class":79}," ()\n",[65,149260,149261,149264,149266,149268,149270],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,149262,149263],{"class":71},"one_item ",[65,149265,76],{"class":75},[65,149267,648],{"class":79},[65,149269,2284],{"class":96},[65,149271,149272],{"class":79},",)\n",[65,149274,149275,149278,149280,149283,149285,149287,149289,149291,149293,149295,149297,149299,149301,149303,149305,149307],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,149276,149277],{"class":71},"from_list ",[65,149279,76],{"class":75},[65,149281,149282],{"class":1368}," tuple",[65,149284,3132],{"class":79},[65,149286,84],{"class":83},[65,149288,88],{"class":87},[65,149290,84],{"class":83},[65,149292,100],{"class":79},[65,149294,103],{"class":83},[65,149296,106],{"class":87},[65,149298,84],{"class":83},[65,149300,100],{"class":79},[65,149302,103],{"class":83},[65,149304,120],{"class":87},[65,149306,84],{"class":83},[65,149308,4042],{"class":79},[65,149310,149311],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,149312,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,149314,149315,149317,149319,149321],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,149316,165],{"class":164},[65,149318,168],{"class":79},[65,149320,3800],{"class":147},[65,149322,174],{"class":79},[65,149324,149325,149327,149329,149331],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,149326,165],{"class":164},[65,149328,168],{"class":79},[65,149330,124831],{"class":147},[65,149332,174],{"class":79},[65,149334,149335,149337,149339,149342],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,149336,165],{"class":164},[65,149338,168],{"class":79},[65,149340,149341],{"class":147},"one_item",[65,149343,174],{"class":79},[65,149345,149346,149348,149350,149353],{"class":67,"line":1234},[65,149347,165],{"class":164},[65,149349,168],{"class":79},[65,149351,149352],{"class":147},"from_list",[65,149354,174],{"class":79},[20,149356,191],{},[56,149358,149360],{"className":58,"code":149359,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149361,149362,149378,149382,149390],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149363,149364,149366,149368,149370,149372,149374,149376],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149365,168],{"class":79},[65,149367,3135],{"class":96},[65,149369,100],{"class":79},[65,149371,113],{"class":96},[65,149373,100],{"class":79},[65,149375,127],{"class":96},[65,149377,174],{"class":79},[65,149379,149380],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,149381,151],{"class":79},[65,149383,149384,149386,149388],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,149385,168],{"class":79},[65,149387,2284],{"class":96},[65,149389,149272],{"class":79},[65,149391,149392,149394,149396,149398,149400,149402,149404,149406,149408,149410,149412,149414,149416],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,149393,168],{"class":79},[65,149395,203],{"class":83},[65,149397,88],{"class":87},[65,149399,203],{"class":83},[65,149401,100],{"class":79},[65,149403,233],{"class":83},[65,149405,106],{"class":87},[65,149407,203],{"class":83},[65,149409,100],{"class":79},[65,149411,233],{"class":83},[65,149413,120],{"class":87},[65,149415,203],{"class":83},[65,149417,174],{"class":79},[20,149419,149420,149421,144],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149422,149423],{},"(5,)",[51,149425,15289],{"id":15288},[30,149427,149428,149431,149434,149437,149440,149443],{},[33,149429,149430],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[33,149432,149433],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[33,149435,149436],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[33,149438,149439],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[33,149441,149442],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[33,149444,149445],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[51,149447,149449],{"id":149448},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149451,149452],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149454,149455],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[56,149457,149459],{"className":58,"code":149458,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149460,149461,149481],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149462,149463,149465,149467,149469,149471,149473,149475,149477,149479],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149464,3768],{"class":71},[65,149466,76],{"class":75},[65,149468,648],{"class":79},[65,149470,3135],{"class":96},[65,149472,100],{"class":79},[65,149474,113],{"class":96},[65,149476,100],{"class":79},[65,149478,127],{"class":96},[65,149480,174],{"class":79},[65,149482,149483,149485,149487,149489],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,149484,165],{"class":164},[65,149486,168],{"class":79},[65,149488,3800],{"class":147},[65,149490,174],{"class":79},[20,149492,191],{},[56,149494,149496],{"className":58,"code":149495,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149497,149498],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149499,149500,149502,149504,149506,149508,149510,149512],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149501,168],{"class":79},[65,149503,3135],{"class":96},[65,149505,100],{"class":79},[65,149507,113],{"class":96},[65,149509,100],{"class":79},[65,149511,127],{"class":96},[65,149513,174],{"class":79},[20,149515,149516],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[56,149518,149520],{"className":58,"code":149519,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149521,149522,149546],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149523,149524,149526,149528,149530,149532,149534,149536,149538,149540,149542,149544],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149525,72],{"class":71},[65,149527,76],{"class":75},[65,149529,648],{"class":79},[65,149531,3135],{"class":96},[65,149533,100],{"class":79},[65,149535,103],{"class":83},[65,149537,4234],{"class":87},[65,149539,84],{"class":83},[65,149541,100],{"class":79},[65,149543,4070],{"class":4005},[65,149545,174],{"class":79},[65,149547,149548,149550,149552,149554],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,149549,165],{"class":164},[65,149551,168],{"class":79},[65,149553,184],{"class":147},[65,149555,174],{"class":79},[20,149557,191],{},[56,149559,149561],{"className":58,"code":149560,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149562,149563],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149564,149565,149567,149569,149571,149573,149575,149577,149579,149581],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149566,168],{"class":79},[65,149568,3135],{"class":96},[65,149570,100],{"class":79},[65,149572,233],{"class":83},[65,149574,4234],{"class":87},[65,149576,203],{"class":83},[65,149578,100],{"class":79},[65,149580,4070],{"class":4005},[65,149582,174],{"class":79},[20,149584,149585,149586,144],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[88,149587,149589],{"href":149588},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[51,149591,149593],{"id":149592},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149595,149596],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[56,149598,149600],{"className":58,"code":149599,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149601,149602,149610,149620],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149603,149604,149606,149608],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149605,124780],{"class":71},[65,149607,76],{"class":75},[65,149609,149258],{"class":79},[65,149611,149612,149614,149616,149618],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,149613,165],{"class":164},[65,149615,168],{"class":79},[65,149617,124831],{"class":147},[65,149619,174],{"class":79},[65,149621,149622,149624,149626,149628,149630,149632],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,149623,165],{"class":164},[65,149625,168],{"class":79},[65,149627,3370],{"class":1368},[65,149629,168],{"class":79},[65,149631,124831],{"class":147},[65,149633,1870],{"class":79},[20,149635,191],{},[56,149637,149639],{"className":58,"code":149638,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149640,149641,149645],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149642,149643],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149644,151],{"class":79},[65,149646,149647,149649,149651,149653,149655,149657],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,149648,3439],{"class":75},[65,149650,3442],{"class":1696},[65,149652,233],{"class":83},[65,149654,48875],{"class":87},[65,149656,203],{"class":83},[65,149658,3451],{"class":75},[20,149660,149661],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149663,149664],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[30,149666,149667,149672],{},[33,149668,149669,149670],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149671,7515],{},[33,149673,149674,149675],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149676,3939],{},[20,149678,149679,149680,144],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[88,149681,149682],{"href":57078},"Python list: creating a list",[51,149684,149686],{"id":149685},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149688,149689],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149691,149692,149693,149695],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[46,149694,1014],{}," automatically a tuple:",[56,149697,149699],{"className":58,"code":149698,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149700,149701,149713,149723],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149702,149703,149705,149707,149709,149711],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149704,1189],{"class":71},[65,149706,76],{"class":75},[65,149708,648],{"class":79},[65,149710,2284],{"class":96},[65,149712,174],{"class":79},[65,149714,149715,149717,149719,149721],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,149716,165],{"class":164},[65,149718,168],{"class":79},[65,149720,1714],{"class":147},[65,149722,174],{"class":79},[65,149724,149725,149727,149729,149731,149733,149735],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,149726,165],{"class":164},[65,149728,168],{"class":79},[65,149730,3370],{"class":1368},[65,149732,168],{"class":79},[65,149734,1714],{"class":147},[65,149736,1870],{"class":79},[20,149738,191],{},[56,149740,149742],{"className":58,"code":149741,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149743,149744,149748],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149745,149746],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149747,3093],{"class":96},[65,149749,149750,149752,149754,149756,149758,149760],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,149751,3439],{"class":75},[65,149753,3442],{"class":1696},[65,149755,233],{"class":83},[65,149757,2335],{"class":87},[65,149759,203],{"class":83},[65,149761,3451],{"class":75},[20,149763,149764],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[56,149766,149768],{"className":58,"code":149767,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149769,149770,149782,149792],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149771,149772,149774,149776,149778,149780],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149773,149263],{"class":71},[65,149775,76],{"class":75},[65,149777,648],{"class":79},[65,149779,2284],{"class":96},[65,149781,149272],{"class":79},[65,149783,149784,149786,149788,149790],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,149785,165],{"class":164},[65,149787,168],{"class":79},[65,149789,149341],{"class":147},[65,149791,174],{"class":79},[65,149793,149794,149796,149798,149800,149802,149804],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,149795,165],{"class":164},[65,149797,168],{"class":79},[65,149799,3370],{"class":1368},[65,149801,168],{"class":79},[65,149803,149341],{"class":147},[65,149805,1870],{"class":79},[20,149807,191],{},[56,149809,149811],{"className":58,"code":149810,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149812,149813,149821],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149814,149815,149817,149819],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149816,168],{"class":79},[65,149818,2284],{"class":96},[65,149820,149272],{"class":79},[65,149822,149823,149825,149827,149829,149831,149833],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,149824,3439],{"class":75},[65,149826,3442],{"class":1696},[65,149828,233],{"class":83},[65,149830,48875],{"class":87},[65,149832,203],{"class":83},[65,149834,3451],{"class":75},[20,149836,16776],{},[56,149838,149840],{"className":58,"code":149839,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149841,149842],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149843,149844,149846,149848,149850,149852],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149845,168],{"class":79},[65,149847,84],{"class":83},[65,149849,4234],{"class":87},[65,149851,84],{"class":83},[65,149853,149272],{"class":79},[20,149855,16764],{},[56,149857,149859],{"className":58,"code":149858,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149860,149861],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149862,149863,149865,149867,149869,149871],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149864,168],{"class":79},[65,149866,84],{"class":83},[65,149868,4234],{"class":87},[65,149870,84],{"class":83},[65,149872,174],{"class":79},[20,149874,149875],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[51,149877,149879],{"id":149878},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149881,149882],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1059,149884,56386],{"id":3800},[56,149886,149887],{"className":58,"code":149458,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,149888,149889,149909],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149890,149891,149893,149895,149897,149899,149901,149903,149905,149907],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149892,3768],{"class":71},[65,149894,76],{"class":75},[65,149896,648],{"class":79},[65,149898,3135],{"class":96},[65,149900,100],{"class":79},[65,149902,113],{"class":96},[65,149904,100],{"class":79},[65,149906,127],{"class":96},[65,149908,174],{"class":79},[65,149910,149911,149913,149915,149917],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,149912,165],{"class":164},[65,149914,168],{"class":79},[65,149916,3800],{"class":147},[65,149918,174],{"class":79},[1059,149920,56389],{"id":5460},[56,149922,149924],{"className":58,"code":149923,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149925,149926,149958],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149927,149928,149930,149932,149934,149936,149938,149940,149942,149944,149946,149948,149950,149952,149954,149956],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149929,13206],{"class":71},[65,149931,76],{"class":75},[65,149933,648],{"class":79},[65,149935,84],{"class":83},[65,149937,13223],{"class":87},[65,149939,84],{"class":83},[65,149941,100],{"class":79},[65,149943,103],{"class":83},[65,149945,17570],{"class":87},[65,149947,84],{"class":83},[65,149949,100],{"class":79},[65,149951,103],{"class":83},[65,149953,13240],{"class":87},[65,149955,84],{"class":83},[65,149957,174],{"class":79},[65,149959,149960,149962,149964,149966],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,149961,165],{"class":164},[65,149963,168],{"class":79},[65,149965,17617],{"class":147},[65,149967,174],{"class":79},[1059,149969,149971],{"id":149970},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[56,149973,149975],{"className":58,"code":149974,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149976,149977,150001],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,149978,149979,149981,149983,149985,149987,149989,149991,149993,149995,149997,149999],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,149980,59398],{"class":71},[65,149982,76],{"class":75},[65,149984,648],{"class":79},[65,149986,3135],{"class":96},[65,149988,100],{"class":79},[65,149990,103],{"class":83},[65,149992,4234],{"class":87},[65,149994,84],{"class":83},[65,149996,100],{"class":79},[65,149998,4070],{"class":4005},[65,150000,174],{"class":79},[65,150002,150003,150005,150007,150009],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,150004,165],{"class":164},[65,150006,168],{"class":79},[65,150008,59451],{"class":147},[65,150010,174],{"class":79},[1059,150012,150014],{"id":150013},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150016,150017],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[56,150019,150021],{"className":58,"code":150020,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150022,150023,150064],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150024,150025,150028,150030,150032,150034,150036,150038,150040,150042,150044,150046,150048,150050,150052,150054,150056,150058,150060,150062],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150026,150027],{"class":71},"nested ",[65,150029,76],{"class":75},[65,150031,648],{"class":79},[65,150033,3135],{"class":96},[65,150035,100],{"class":79},[65,150037,648],{"class":79},[65,150039,84],{"class":83},[65,150041,88],{"class":87},[65,150043,84],{"class":83},[65,150045,100],{"class":79},[65,150047,103],{"class":83},[65,150049,106],{"class":87},[65,150051,84],{"class":83},[65,150053,9383],{"class":79},[65,150055,3773],{"class":79},[65,150057,2476],{"class":96},[65,150059,100],{"class":79},[65,150061,7940],{"class":96},[65,150063,4042],{"class":79},[65,150065,150066,150068,150070,150073],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,150067,165],{"class":164},[65,150069,168],{"class":79},[65,150071,150072],{"class":147},"nested",[65,150074,174],{"class":79},[20,150076,191],{},[56,150078,150080],{"className":58,"code":150079,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150081,150082],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150083,150084,150086,150088,150090,150092,150094,150096,150098,150100,150102,150104,150106,150108,150110,150112,150114,150116],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150085,168],{"class":79},[65,150087,3135],{"class":96},[65,150089,100],{"class":79},[65,150091,648],{"class":79},[65,150093,203],{"class":83},[65,150095,88],{"class":87},[65,150097,203],{"class":83},[65,150099,100],{"class":79},[65,150101,233],{"class":83},[65,150103,106],{"class":87},[65,150105,203],{"class":83},[65,150107,9383],{"class":79},[65,150109,3773],{"class":79},[65,150111,2476],{"class":96},[65,150113,100],{"class":79},[65,150115,7940],{"class":96},[65,150117,4042],{"class":79},[51,150119,150121,150122],{"id":150120},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150123,37963],{},[20,150125,150126,150127,150129],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150128,37963],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150131,150132,150133,144],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[88,150134,63144],{"href":63143},[1059,150136,105175],{"id":105174},[56,150138,150140],{"className":58,"code":150139,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150141,150142,150164],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150143,150144,150146,150148,150150,150152,150154,150156,150158,150160,150162],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150145,3768],{"class":71},[65,150147,76],{"class":75},[65,150149,149282],{"class":1368},[65,150151,3132],{"class":79},[65,150153,3135],{"class":96},[65,150155,100],{"class":79},[65,150157,113],{"class":96},[65,150159,100],{"class":79},[65,150161,127],{"class":96},[65,150163,4042],{"class":79},[65,150165,150166,150168,150170,150172],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,150167,165],{"class":164},[65,150169,168],{"class":79},[65,150171,3800],{"class":147},[65,150173,174],{"class":79},[20,150175,191],{},[56,150177,150178],{"className":58,"code":149495,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,150179,150180],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150181,150182,150184,150186,150188,150190,150192,150194],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150183,168],{"class":79},[65,150185,3135],{"class":96},[65,150187,100],{"class":79},[65,150189,113],{"class":96},[65,150191,100],{"class":79},[65,150193,127],{"class":96},[65,150195,174],{"class":79},[1059,150197,105361],{"id":105360},[56,150199,150201],{"className":58,"code":150200,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150202,150203,150221],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150204,150205,150207,150209,150211,150213,150215,150217,150219],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150206,36005],{"class":71},[65,150208,76],{"class":75},[65,150210,149282],{"class":1368},[65,150212,168],{"class":79},[65,150214,84],{"class":83},[65,150216,41479],{"class":87},[65,150218,84],{"class":83},[65,150220,174],{"class":79},[65,150222,150223,150225,150227,150229],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,150224,165],{"class":164},[65,150226,168],{"class":79},[65,150228,36058],{"class":147},[65,150230,174],{"class":79},[20,150232,191],{},[56,150234,150236],{"className":58,"code":150235,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150237,150238],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150239,150240,150242,150244,150246,150248,150250,150252,150254,150256,150258,150260,150262,150264],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150241,168],{"class":79},[65,150243,203],{"class":83},[65,150245,88],{"class":87},[65,150247,203],{"class":83},[65,150249,100],{"class":79},[65,150251,233],{"class":83},[65,150253,106],{"class":87},[65,150255,203],{"class":83},[65,150257,100],{"class":79},[65,150259,233],{"class":83},[65,150261,120],{"class":87},[65,150263,203],{"class":83},[65,150265,174],{"class":79},[20,150267,150268],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1059,150270,150272],{"id":150271},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[56,150274,150276],{"className":58,"code":150275,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150277,150278,150296],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150279,150280,150282,150284,150286,150288,150290,150292,150294],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150281,3975],{"class":71},[65,150283,76],{"class":75},[65,150285,149282],{"class":1368},[65,150287,168],{"class":79},[65,150289,59924],{"class":164},[65,150291,168],{"class":79},[65,150293,2650],{"class":96},[65,150295,1870],{"class":79},[65,150297,150298,150300,150302,150304],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,150299,165],{"class":164},[65,150301,168],{"class":79},[65,150303,5510],{"class":147},[65,150305,174],{"class":79},[20,150307,191],{},[56,150309,150311],{"className":58,"code":150310,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150312,150313],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150314,150315,150317,150319,150321,150323,150325,150327,150329,150331],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150316,168],{"class":79},[65,150318,2267],{"class":96},[65,150320,100],{"class":79},[65,150322,97],{"class":96},[65,150324,100],{"class":79},[65,150326,113],{"class":96},[65,150328,100],{"class":79},[65,150330,127],{"class":96},[65,150332,174],{"class":79},[20,150334,150335],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[51,150337,20916],{"id":20915},[30,150339,150340,150343,150346,150349],{},[33,150341,150342],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[33,150344,150345],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[33,150347,150348],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[33,150350,150351],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150353,150354,150355,144],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[88,150356,150358],{"href":150357},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[51,150360,1766],{"id":1765},[20,150362,150363],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1059,150365,150367],{"id":150366},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150369,150370],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[56,150372,150374],{"className":58,"code":150373,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150375,150376,150392],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150377,150378,150380,150382,150384,150386,150388,150390],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150379,136],{"class":71},[65,150381,76],{"class":75},[65,150383,648],{"class":79},[65,150385,84],{"class":83},[65,150387,4234],{"class":87},[65,150389,84],{"class":83},[65,150391,174],{"class":79},[65,150393,150394,150396,150398,150400,150402,150404],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,150395,165],{"class":164},[65,150397,168],{"class":79},[65,150399,3370],{"class":1368},[65,150401,168],{"class":79},[65,150403,171],{"class":147},[65,150405,1870],{"class":79},[20,150407,150408],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[56,150410,150412],{"className":58,"code":150411,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150413,150414,150430],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150415,150416,150418,150420,150422,150424,150426,150428],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150417,136],{"class":71},[65,150419,76],{"class":75},[65,150421,648],{"class":79},[65,150423,84],{"class":83},[65,150425,4234],{"class":87},[65,150427,84],{"class":83},[65,150429,149272],{"class":79},[65,150431,150432,150434,150436,150438,150440,150442],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,150433,165],{"class":164},[65,150435,168],{"class":79},[65,150437,3370],{"class":1368},[65,150439,168],{"class":79},[65,150441,171],{"class":147},[65,150443,1870],{"class":79},[1059,150445,150447],{"id":150446},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150449,150450],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[56,150452,150454],{"className":58,"code":150453,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150455,150456,150476],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150457,150458,150460,150462,150464,150466,150468,150470,150472,150474],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150459,3975],{"class":71},[65,150461,76],{"class":75},[65,150463,3773],{"class":79},[65,150465,3135],{"class":96},[65,150467,100],{"class":79},[65,150469,113],{"class":96},[65,150471,100],{"class":79},[65,150473,127],{"class":96},[65,150475,3786],{"class":79},[65,150477,150478,150480,150482,150484,150486,150488],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,150479,165],{"class":164},[65,150481,168],{"class":79},[65,150483,3370],{"class":1368},[65,150485,168],{"class":79},[65,150487,5510],{"class":147},[65,150489,1870],{"class":79},[20,150491,150492],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[56,150494,150496],{"className":58,"code":150495,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150497,150498,150518],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150499,150500,150502,150504,150506,150508,150510,150512,150514,150516],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150501,3975],{"class":71},[65,150503,76],{"class":75},[65,150505,648],{"class":79},[65,150507,3135],{"class":96},[65,150509,100],{"class":79},[65,150511,113],{"class":96},[65,150513,100],{"class":79},[65,150515,127],{"class":96},[65,150517,174],{"class":79},[65,150519,150520,150522,150524,150526,150528,150530],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,150521,165],{"class":164},[65,150523,168],{"class":79},[65,150525,3370],{"class":1368},[65,150527,168],{"class":79},[65,150529,5510],{"class":147},[65,150531,1870],{"class":79},[1059,150533,150535],{"id":150534},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150537,150348],{},[56,150539,150541],{"className":58,"code":150540,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150542,150543,150563],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150544,150545,150547,150549,150551,150553,150555,150557,150559,150561],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150546,3768],{"class":71},[65,150548,76],{"class":75},[65,150550,648],{"class":79},[65,150552,3135],{"class":96},[65,150554,100],{"class":79},[65,150556,113],{"class":96},[65,150558,100],{"class":79},[65,150560,127],{"class":96},[65,150562,174],{"class":79},[65,150564,150565],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,150566,150567],{"class":3816},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150569,150570],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1059,150572,37120,150574,150577],{"id":150573},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150575,150576],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150579,64570],{},[56,150581,150582],{"className":58,"code":150200,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,150583,150584,150602],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150585,150586,150588,150590,150592,150594,150596,150598,150600],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150587,36005],{"class":71},[65,150589,76],{"class":75},[65,150591,149282],{"class":1368},[65,150593,168],{"class":79},[65,150595,84],{"class":83},[65,150597,41479],{"class":87},[65,150599,84],{"class":83},[65,150601,174],{"class":79},[65,150603,150604,150606,150608,150610],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,150605,165],{"class":164},[65,150607,168],{"class":79},[65,150609,36058],{"class":147},[65,150611,174],{"class":79},[20,150613,150614],{},"gives:",[56,150616,150617],{"className":58,"code":150235,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,150618,150619],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150620,150621,150623,150625,150627,150629,150631,150633,150635,150637,150639,150641,150643,150645],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150622,168],{"class":79},[65,150624,203],{"class":83},[65,150626,88],{"class":87},[65,150628,203],{"class":83},[65,150630,100],{"class":79},[65,150632,233],{"class":83},[65,150634,106],{"class":87},[65,150636,203],{"class":83},[65,150638,100],{"class":79},[65,150640,233],{"class":83},[65,150642,120],{"class":87},[65,150644,203],{"class":83},[65,150646,174],{"class":79},[20,150648,150649],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[56,150651,150653],{"className":58,"code":150652,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150654,150655,150671],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150656,150657,150659,150661,150663,150665,150667,150669],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150658,6307],{"class":71},[65,150660,76],{"class":75},[65,150662,648],{"class":79},[65,150664,84],{"class":83},[65,150666,41479],{"class":87},[65,150668,84],{"class":83},[65,150670,149272],{"class":79},[65,150672,150673,150675,150677,150679],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,150674,165],{"class":164},[65,150676,168],{"class":79},[65,150678,38308],{"class":147},[65,150680,174],{"class":79},[20,150682,191],{},[56,150684,150686],{"className":58,"code":150685,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('abc',)\n",[15,150687,150688],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150689,150690,150692,150694,150696,150698],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150691,168],{"class":79},[65,150693,203],{"class":83},[65,150695,41479],{"class":87},[65,150697,203],{"class":83},[65,150699,149272],{"class":79},[1059,150701,150703],{"id":150702},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150705,150706],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[56,150708,150710],{"className":58,"code":150709,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150711,150712,150729,150733,150743,150757],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150713,150714,150717,150719,150721,150723,150725,150727],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150715,150716],{"class":71},"my_tuple ",[65,150718,76],{"class":75},[65,150720,648],{"class":79},[65,150722,84],{"class":83},[65,150724,4234],{"class":87},[65,150726,84],{"class":83},[65,150728,149272],{"class":79},[65,150730,150731],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,150732,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,150734,150735,150737,150739,150741],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,150736,165],{"class":164},[65,150738,168],{"class":79},[65,150740,147934],{"class":147},[65,150742,174],{"class":79},[65,150744,150745,150747,150749,150751,150753,150755],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,150746,165],{"class":164},[65,150748,168],{"class":79},[65,150750,3370],{"class":1368},[65,150752,168],{"class":79},[65,150754,147934],{"class":147},[65,150756,1870],{"class":79},[65,150758,150759,150761,150763,150765,150767,150769],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,150760,165],{"class":164},[65,150762,168],{"class":79},[65,150764,1863],{"class":164},[65,150766,168],{"class":79},[65,150768,147934],{"class":147},[65,150770,1870],{"class":79},[51,150772,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,150774,150776],{"id":150775},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150778,150779,150780,150783],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150781,150782],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1059,150785,150787],{"id":150786},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150789,150790],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1059,150792,150794],{"id":150793},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150796,150797],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1059,150799,150801],{"id":150800},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150803,150804],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1059,150806,1953,150808,12849],{"id":150807},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150809,150576],{},[20,150811,5298,150812,150815],{},[15,150813,150814],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[51,150817,2015],{"id":2014},[30,150819,150820,150824,150828,150834,150839,150844,150848],{},[33,150821,150822],{},[88,150823,147916],{"href":147915},[33,150825,150826],{},[88,150827,149589],{"href":149588},[33,150829,150830],{},[88,150831,150833],{"href":150832},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[33,150835,150836],{},[88,150837,150838],{"href":149154},"Python tuple length with len()",[33,150840,150841],{},[88,150842,150843],{"href":149219},"What is a tuple in Python?",[33,150845,150846],{},[88,150847,63144],{"href":63143},[33,150849,150850],{},[88,150851,150852],{"href":150357},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2071,150854,150855],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":150857},[150858,150859,150860,150861,150862,150863,150869,150875,150876,150884,150892],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":15288,"depth":133,"text":15289},{"id":149448,"depth":133,"text":149449},{"id":149592,"depth":133,"text":149593},{"id":149685,"depth":133,"text":149686},{"id":149878,"depth":133,"text":149879,"children":150864},[150865,150866,150867,150868],{"id":3800,"depth":154,"text":56386},{"id":5460,"depth":154,"text":56389},{"id":149970,"depth":154,"text":149971},{"id":150013,"depth":154,"text":150014},{"id":150120,"depth":133,"text":150870,"children":150871},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150872,150873,150874],{"id":105174,"depth":154,"text":105175},{"id":105360,"depth":154,"text":105361},{"id":150271,"depth":154,"text":150272},{"id":20915,"depth":133,"text":20916},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":150877},[150878,150879,150880,150881,150883],{"id":150366,"depth":154,"text":150367},{"id":150446,"depth":154,"text":150447},{"id":150534,"depth":154,"text":150535},{"id":150573,"depth":154,"text":150882},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150702,"depth":154,"text":150703},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":150885},[150886,150887,150888,150889,150890],{"id":150775,"depth":154,"text":150776},{"id":150786,"depth":154,"text":150787},{"id":150793,"depth":154,"text":150794},{"id":150800,"depth":154,"text":150801},{"id":150807,"depth":154,"text":150891},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149205,"description":150893},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150900,"title":150901,"body":150902,"description":152447,"extension":2111,"meta":152448,"navigation":157,"path":152449,"seo":152450,"stem":152451,"__hash__":152452},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150903,"toc":152417},[150904,150907,150912,150914,150927,150933,150935,151002,151004,151039,151044,151048,151052,151054,151065,151073,151075,151077,151098,151100,151120,151123,151125,151130,151173,151175,151197,151200,151213,151217,151221,151224,151277,151279,151300,151305,151309,151312,151357,151359,151392,151404,151408,151416,151453,151455,151484,151488,151491,151544,151546,151566,151573,151577,151582,151651,151653,151678,151682,151685,151691,151768,151770,151829,151831,151843,151848,151852,151856,151870,151872,151907,151909,151926,151929,151942,151946,151950,151961,151966,151981,151984,151987,151989,151992,151996,151998,152012,152014,152038,152043,152047,152050,152069,152072,152121,152126,152143,152146,152179,152183,152185,152236,152239,152264,152267,152290,152294,152300,152302,152337,152340,152345,152347,152351,152354,152358,152363,152367,152370,152374,152377,152381,152386,152388,152414],[10,150905,150901],{"id":150906},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150908,9274,150909,150911],{},[15,150910,37963],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150913,82516],{},[30,150915,150916,150921],{},[33,150917,150918,150920],{},[15,150919,37963],{}," creates an empty tuple",[33,150922,150923,150926],{},[15,150924,150925],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150928,150929,150930,150932],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150931,37963],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[51,150934,54],{"id":53},[56,150936,150938],{"className":58,"code":150937,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150939,150940,150960,150974,150978,150988],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,150941,150942,150944,150946,150948,150950,150952,150954,150956,150958],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,150943,3768],{"class":71},[65,150945,76],{"class":75},[65,150947,3773],{"class":79},[65,150949,3135],{"class":96},[65,150951,100],{"class":79},[65,150953,113],{"class":96},[65,150955,100],{"class":79},[65,150957,127],{"class":96},[65,150959,3786],{"class":79},[65,150961,150962,150964,150966,150968,150970,150972],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,150963,401],{"class":71},[65,150965,76],{"class":75},[65,150967,149282],{"class":1368},[65,150969,168],{"class":79},[65,150971,3800],{"class":147},[65,150973,174],{"class":79},[65,150975,150976],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,150977,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,150979,150980,150982,150984,150986],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,150981,165],{"class":164},[65,150983,168],{"class":79},[65,150985,425],{"class":147},[65,150987,174],{"class":79},[65,150989,150990,150992,150994,150996,150998,151000],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,150991,165],{"class":164},[65,150993,168],{"class":79},[65,150995,3370],{"class":1368},[65,150997,168],{"class":79},[65,150999,425],{"class":147},[65,151001,1870],{"class":79},[20,151003,191],{},[56,151005,151007],{"className":58,"code":151006,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151008,151009,151025],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151010,151011,151013,151015,151017,151019,151021,151023],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151012,168],{"class":79},[65,151014,3135],{"class":96},[65,151016,100],{"class":79},[65,151018,113],{"class":96},[65,151020,100],{"class":79},[65,151022,127],{"class":96},[65,151024,174],{"class":79},[65,151026,151027,151029,151031,151033,151035,151037],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,151028,3439],{"class":75},[65,151030,3442],{"class":1696},[65,151032,233],{"class":83},[65,151034,48875],{"class":87},[65,151036,203],{"class":83},[65,151038,3451],{"class":75},[20,151040,1309,151041,151043],{},[15,151042,150925],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[51,151045,151047],{"id":151046},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151049,151050,62852],{},[15,151051,37963],{},[20,151053,48849],{},[30,151055,151056,151059,151062],{},[33,151057,151058],{},"creates a tuple object",[33,151060,151061],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[33,151063,151064],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151066,151067,151068,151070,151071,144],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[88,151069,149220],{"href":149219}," or the full guide to ",[88,151072,147916],{"href":147915},[51,151074,283],{"id":282},[20,151076,26593],{},[56,151078,151080],{"className":58,"code":151079,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151081,151082,151088],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151083,151084,151086],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151085,48875],{"class":1368},[65,151087,151],{"class":79},[65,151089,151090,151092,151094,151096],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,151091,48875],{"class":1368},[65,151093,168],{"class":79},[65,151095,3872],{"class":147},[65,151097,174],{"class":79},[20,151099,302],{},[30,151101,151102,151105],{},[33,151103,151104],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[33,151106,151107,151108],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[30,151109,151110,151112,151114,151116,151118],{},[33,151111,5451],{},[33,151113,5460],{},[33,151115,62923],{},[33,151117,5457],{},[33,151119,7400],{},[20,151121,151122],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[51,151124,149593],{"id":149592},[20,151126,1326,151127,151129],{},[15,151128,37963],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[56,151131,151133],{"className":58,"code":151132,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151134,151135,151145,151149,151159],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151136,151137,151139,151141,151143],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151138,124780],{"class":71},[65,151140,76],{"class":75},[65,151142,149282],{"class":1368},[65,151144,151],{"class":79},[65,151146,151147],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,151148,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,151150,151151,151153,151155,151157],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,151152,165],{"class":164},[65,151154,168],{"class":79},[65,151156,124831],{"class":147},[65,151158,174],{"class":79},[65,151160,151161,151163,151165,151167,151169,151171],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,151162,165],{"class":164},[65,151164,168],{"class":79},[65,151166,3370],{"class":1368},[65,151168,168],{"class":79},[65,151170,124831],{"class":147},[65,151172,1870],{"class":79},[20,151174,191],{},[56,151176,151177],{"className":58,"code":149638,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,151178,151179,151183],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151180,151181],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151182,151],{"class":79},[65,151184,151185,151187,151189,151191,151193,151195],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,151186,3439],{"class":75},[65,151188,3442],{"class":1696},[65,151190,233],{"class":83},[65,151192,48875],{"class":87},[65,151194,203],{"class":83},[65,151196,3451],{"class":75},[20,151198,151199],{},"This is equivalent to:",[56,151201,151203],{"className":58,"code":151202,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty = ()\n",[15,151204,151205],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151206,151207,151209,151211],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151208,124780],{"class":71},[65,151210,76],{"class":75},[65,151212,149258],{"class":79},[51,151214,151216],{"id":151215},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1059,151218,151220],{"id":151219},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151222,151223],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[56,151225,151227],{"className":58,"code":151226,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151228,151229,151249,151263,151267],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151230,151231,151233,151235,151237,151239,151241,151243,151245,151247],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151232,3768],{"class":71},[65,151234,76],{"class":75},[65,151236,3773],{"class":79},[65,151238,2476],{"class":96},[65,151240,100],{"class":79},[65,151242,7940],{"class":96},[65,151244,100],{"class":79},[65,151246,7945],{"class":96},[65,151248,3786],{"class":79},[65,151250,151251,151253,151255,151257,151259,151261],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,151252,401],{"class":71},[65,151254,76],{"class":75},[65,151256,149282],{"class":1368},[65,151258,168],{"class":79},[65,151260,3800],{"class":147},[65,151262,174],{"class":79},[65,151264,151265],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,151266,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,151268,151269,151271,151273,151275],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,151270,165],{"class":164},[65,151272,168],{"class":79},[65,151274,425],{"class":147},[65,151276,174],{"class":79},[20,151278,191],{},[56,151280,151282],{"className":58,"code":151281,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151283,151284],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151285,151286,151288,151290,151292,151294,151296,151298],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151287,168],{"class":79},[65,151289,2476],{"class":96},[65,151291,100],{"class":79},[65,151293,7940],{"class":96},[65,151295,100],{"class":79},[65,151297,7945],{"class":96},[65,151299,174],{"class":79},[20,151301,151302,151303,144],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[88,151304,104980],{"href":59981},[1059,151306,151308],{"id":151307},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151310,151311],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[56,151313,151315],{"className":58,"code":151314,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151316,151317,151329,151343,151347],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151318,151319,151321,151323,151325,151327],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151320,34600],{"class":71},[65,151322,76],{"class":75},[65,151324,103],{"class":83},[65,151326,36963],{"class":87},[65,151328,1650],{"class":83},[65,151330,151331,151333,151335,151337,151339,151341],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,151332,401],{"class":71},[65,151334,76],{"class":75},[65,151336,149282],{"class":1368},[65,151338,168],{"class":79},[65,151340,34621],{"class":147},[65,151342,174],{"class":79},[65,151344,151345],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,151346,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,151348,151349,151351,151353,151355],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,151350,165],{"class":164},[65,151352,168],{"class":79},[65,151354,425],{"class":147},[65,151356,174],{"class":79},[20,151358,191],{},[56,151360,151362],{"className":58,"code":151361,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151363,151364],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151365,151366,151368,151370,151372,151374,151376,151378,151380,151382,151384,151386,151388,151390],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151367,168],{"class":79},[65,151369,203],{"class":83},[65,151371,120],{"class":87},[65,151373,203],{"class":83},[65,151375,100],{"class":79},[65,151377,233],{"class":83},[65,151379,88],{"class":87},[65,151381,203],{"class":83},[65,151383,100],{"class":79},[65,151385,233],{"class":83},[65,151387,63213],{"class":87},[65,151389,203],{"class":83},[65,151391,174],{"class":79},[20,151393,151394,151395,14183,151398,151400,151401,144],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151396,151397],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[46,151399,1014],{}," create ",[15,151402,151403],{},"('cat',)",[1059,151405,151407],{"id":151406},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151409,151410,151412,151413,151415],{},[15,151411,36113],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151414,37963],{}," collects them all.",[56,151417,151419],{"className":58,"code":151418,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151420,151421,151439,151443],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151422,151423,151425,151427,151429,151431,151433,151435,151437],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151424,401],{"class":71},[65,151426,76],{"class":75},[65,151428,149282],{"class":1368},[65,151430,168],{"class":79},[65,151432,59924],{"class":164},[65,151434,168],{"class":79},[65,151436,2284],{"class":96},[65,151438,1870],{"class":79},[65,151440,151441],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,151442,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,151444,151445,151447,151449,151451],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,151446,165],{"class":164},[65,151448,168],{"class":79},[65,151450,425],{"class":147},[65,151452,174],{"class":79},[20,151454,191],{},[56,151456,151458],{"className":58,"code":151457,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151459,151460],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151461,151462,151464,151466,151468,151470,151472,151474,151476,151478,151480,151482],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151463,168],{"class":79},[65,151465,2267],{"class":96},[65,151467,100],{"class":79},[65,151469,97],{"class":96},[65,151471,100],{"class":79},[65,151473,113],{"class":96},[65,151475,100],{"class":79},[65,151477,127],{"class":96},[65,151479,100],{"class":79},[65,151481,2602],{"class":96},[65,151483,174],{"class":79},[1059,151485,151487],{"id":151486},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151489,151490],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[56,151492,151494],{"className":58,"code":151493,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151495,151496,151516,151530,151534],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151497,151498,151500,151502,151504,151506,151508,151510,151512,151514],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151499,3975],{"class":71},[65,151501,76],{"class":75},[65,151503,80],{"class":79},[65,151505,3135],{"class":96},[65,151507,100],{"class":79},[65,151509,113],{"class":96},[65,151511,100],{"class":79},[65,151513,127],{"class":96},[65,151515,130],{"class":79},[65,151517,151518,151520,151522,151524,151526,151528],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,151519,401],{"class":71},[65,151521,76],{"class":75},[65,151523,149282],{"class":1368},[65,151525,168],{"class":79},[65,151527,5510],{"class":147},[65,151529,174],{"class":79},[65,151531,151532],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,151533,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,151535,151536,151538,151540,151542],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,151537,165],{"class":164},[65,151539,168],{"class":79},[65,151541,425],{"class":147},[65,151543,174],{"class":79},[20,151545,191],{},[56,151547,151548],{"className":58,"code":149495,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,151549,151550],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151551,151552,151554,151556,151558,151560,151562,151564],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151553,168],{"class":79},[65,151555,3135],{"class":96},[65,151557,100],{"class":79},[65,151559,113],{"class":96},[65,151561,100],{"class":79},[65,151563,127],{"class":96},[65,151565,174],{"class":79},[20,151567,151568,151569,144],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[88,151570,151572],{"href":151571},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1059,151574,151576],{"id":151575},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151578,63466,151579,151581],{},[15,151580,37963],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[56,151583,151585],{"className":58,"code":151584,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151586,151587,151623,151637,151641],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151588,151589,151591,151593,151595,151597,151599,151601,151603,151605,151607,151609,151611,151613,151615,151617,151619,151621],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151590,360],{"class":71},[65,151592,76],{"class":75},[65,151594,80],{"class":79},[65,151596,84],{"class":83},[65,151598,369],{"class":87},[65,151600,84],{"class":83},[65,151602,93],{"class":79},[65,151604,103],{"class":83},[65,151606,542],{"class":87},[65,151608,84],{"class":83},[65,151610,100],{"class":79},[65,151612,103],{"class":83},[65,151614,387],{"class":87},[65,151616,84],{"class":83},[65,151618,93],{"class":79},[65,151620,394],{"class":96},[65,151622,130],{"class":79},[65,151624,151625,151627,151629,151631,151633,151635],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,151626,401],{"class":71},[65,151628,76],{"class":75},[65,151630,149282],{"class":1368},[65,151632,168],{"class":79},[65,151634,17421],{"class":147},[65,151636,174],{"class":79},[65,151638,151639],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,151640,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,151642,151643,151645,151647,151649],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,151644,165],{"class":164},[65,151646,168],{"class":79},[65,151648,425],{"class":147},[65,151650,174],{"class":79},[20,151652,1725],{},[56,151654,151656],{"className":58,"code":151655,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151657,151658],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151659,151660,151662,151664,151666,151668,151670,151672,151674,151676],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151661,168],{"class":79},[65,151663,203],{"class":83},[65,151665,369],{"class":87},[65,151667,203],{"class":83},[65,151669,100],{"class":79},[65,151671,233],{"class":83},[65,151673,387],{"class":87},[65,151675,203],{"class":83},[65,151677,174],{"class":79},[51,151679,151681],{"id":151680},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151683,151684],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151686,151687,151690],{},[15,151688,151689],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[56,151692,151694],{"className":58,"code":151693,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151695,151696,151732,151736,151750],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151697,151698,151700,151702,151704,151706,151708,151710,151712,151714,151716,151718,151720,151722,151724,151726,151728,151730],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151699,360],{"class":71},[65,151701,76],{"class":75},[65,151703,80],{"class":79},[65,151705,84],{"class":83},[65,151707,369],{"class":87},[65,151709,84],{"class":83},[65,151711,93],{"class":79},[65,151713,103],{"class":83},[65,151715,542],{"class":87},[65,151717,84],{"class":83},[65,151719,100],{"class":79},[65,151721,103],{"class":83},[65,151723,387],{"class":87},[65,151725,84],{"class":83},[65,151727,93],{"class":79},[65,151729,394],{"class":96},[65,151731,130],{"class":79},[65,151733,151734],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,151735,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,151737,151738,151740,151742,151744,151746,151748],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,151739,165],{"class":164},[65,151741,168],{"class":79},[65,151743,48875],{"class":1368},[65,151745,168],{"class":79},[65,151747,17421],{"class":147},[65,151749,1870],{"class":79},[65,151751,151752,151754,151756,151758,151760,151762,151764,151766],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,151753,165],{"class":164},[65,151755,168],{"class":79},[65,151757,48875],{"class":1368},[65,151759,168],{"class":79},[65,151761,17421],{"class":147},[65,151763,144],{"class":79},[65,151765,7960],{"class":147},[65,151767,6443],{"class":79},[20,151769,191],{},[56,151771,151773],{"className":58,"code":151772,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151774,151775,151795],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151776,151777,151779,151781,151783,151785,151787,151789,151791,151793],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151778,168],{"class":79},[65,151780,203],{"class":83},[65,151782,369],{"class":87},[65,151784,203],{"class":83},[65,151786,100],{"class":79},[65,151788,233],{"class":83},[65,151790,387],{"class":87},[65,151792,203],{"class":83},[65,151794,174],{"class":79},[65,151796,151797,151799,151801,151803,151805,151807,151809,151811,151813,151815,151817,151819,151821,151823,151825,151827],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,151798,5662],{"class":79},[65,151800,203],{"class":83},[65,151802,369],{"class":87},[65,151804,203],{"class":83},[65,151806,100],{"class":79},[65,151808,233],{"class":83},[65,151810,542],{"class":87},[65,151812,203],{"class":83},[65,151814,9383],{"class":79},[65,151816,648],{"class":79},[65,151818,203],{"class":83},[65,151820,387],{"class":87},[65,151822,203],{"class":83},[65,151824,100],{"class":79},[65,151826,394],{"class":96},[65,151828,1870],{"class":79},[20,151830,18810],{},[30,151832,151833,151838],{},[33,151834,151835,151837],{},[15,151836,151689],{}," for keys",[33,151839,151840,32468],{},[15,151841,151842],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151844,151845,151846,144],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[88,151847,63476],{"href":63475},[51,151849,151851],{"id":151850},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151853,151854,18434],{},[15,151855,37963],{},[30,151857,151858,151861,151864,151867],{},[33,151859,151860],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[33,151862,151863],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[33,151865,151866],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[33,151868,151869],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151871,350],{},[56,151873,151875],{"className":58,"code":151874,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151876,151877,151896],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151878,151879,151882,151884,151886,151888,151890,151892,151894],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151880,151881],{"class":71},"coordinates ",[65,151883,76],{"class":75},[65,151885,149282],{"class":1368},[65,151887,3132],{"class":79},[65,151889,2650],{"class":96},[65,151891,100],{"class":79},[65,151893,6146],{"class":96},[65,151895,4042],{"class":79},[65,151897,151898,151900,151902,151905],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,151899,165],{"class":164},[65,151901,168],{"class":79},[65,151903,151904],{"class":147},"coordinates",[65,151906,174],{"class":79},[20,151908,191],{},[56,151910,151912],{"className":58,"code":151911,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151913,151914],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151915,151916,151918,151920,151922,151924],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151917,168],{"class":79},[65,151919,2650],{"class":96},[65,151921,100],{"class":79},[65,151923,6146],{"class":96},[65,151925,174],{"class":79},[20,151927,151928],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[30,151930,151931,151933,151936,151939],{},[33,151932,151904],{},[33,151934,151935],{},"RGB colors",[33,151937,151938],{},"dates",[33,151940,151941],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[51,151943,151945],{"id":151944},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151947,44349,151948,10745],{},[15,151949,37963],{},[30,151951,151952,151955,151958],{},[33,151953,151954],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[33,151956,151957],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[33,151959,151960],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151962,116407,151963,151965],{},[46,151964,1014],{}," work:",[56,151967,151969],{"className":58,"code":151968,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151970,151971],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,151972,151973,151975,151977,151979],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,151974,48875],{"class":1368},[65,151976,168],{"class":79},[65,151978,2284],{"class":96},[65,151980,174],{"class":79},[20,151982,151983],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151985,151986],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[51,151988,115245],{"id":115244},[20,151990,151991],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1059,151993,151995],{"id":151994},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151997,2982],{},[56,151999,152000],{"className":58,"code":151968,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,152001,152002],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152003,152004,152006,152008,152010],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152005,48875],{"class":1368},[65,152007,168],{"class":79},[65,152009,2284],{"class":96},[65,152011,174],{"class":79},[20,152013,1358],{},[56,152015,152016],{"className":58,"code":63580,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,152017,152018],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152019,152020,152022,152024,152026,152028,152030,152032,152034,152036],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152021,3152],{"class":1368},[65,152023,93],{"class":79},[65,152025,233],{"class":83},[65,152027,2335],{"class":87},[65,152029,203],{"class":83},[65,152031,24724],{"class":1368},[65,152033,8247],{"class":75},[65,152035,8250],{"class":75},[65,152037,63603],{"class":71},[20,152039,152040,152041,144],{},"If you see this, read ",[88,152042,62217],{"href":52523},[1059,152044,152046],{"id":152045},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152048,152049],{},"This code:",[56,152051,152053],{"className":58,"code":152052,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152054,152055],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152056,152057,152059,152061,152063,152065,152067],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152058,48875],{"class":1368},[65,152060,168],{"class":79},[65,152062,84],{"class":83},[65,152064,3998],{"class":87},[65,152066,84],{"class":83},[65,152068,174],{"class":79},[20,152070,152071],{},"returns:",[56,152073,152075],{"className":58,"code":152074,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152076,152077],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152078,152079,152081,152083,152085,152087,152089,152091,152093,152095,152097,152099,152101,152103,152105,152107,152109,152111,152113,152115,152117,152119],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152080,168],{"class":79},[65,152082,203],{"class":83},[65,152084,60364],{"class":87},[65,152086,203],{"class":83},[65,152088,100],{"class":79},[65,152090,233],{"class":83},[65,152092,60373],{"class":87},[65,152094,203],{"class":83},[65,152096,100],{"class":79},[65,152098,233],{"class":83},[65,152100,60382],{"class":87},[65,152102,203],{"class":83},[65,152104,100],{"class":79},[65,152106,233],{"class":83},[65,152108,60382],{"class":87},[65,152110,203],{"class":83},[65,152112,100],{"class":79},[65,152114,233],{"class":83},[65,152116,60399],{"class":87},[65,152118,203],{"class":83},[65,152120,174],{"class":79},[20,152122,40824,152123,152125],{},[46,152124,1014],{}," return:",[56,152127,152129],{"className":58,"code":152128,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('hello',)\n",[15,152130,152131],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152132,152133,152135,152137,152139,152141],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152134,168],{"class":79},[65,152136,203],{"class":83},[65,152138,3998],{"class":87},[65,152140,203],{"class":83},[65,152142,149272],{"class":79},[20,152144,152145],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[56,152147,152149],{"className":58,"code":152148,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152150,152151,152168],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152152,152153,152156,152158,152160,152162,152164,152166],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152154,152155],{"class":71},"single ",[65,152157,76],{"class":75},[65,152159,648],{"class":79},[65,152161,84],{"class":83},[65,152163,3998],{"class":87},[65,152165,84],{"class":83},[65,152167,149272],{"class":79},[65,152169,152170,152172,152174,152177],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,152171,165],{"class":164},[65,152173,168],{"class":79},[65,152175,152176],{"class":147},"single",[65,152178,174],{"class":79},[1059,152180,152182],{"id":152181},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152184,152049],{},[56,152186,152188],{"className":58,"code":152187,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152189,152190,152222],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152191,152192,152194,152196,152198,152200,152202,152204,152206,152208,152210,152212,152214,152216,152218,152220],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152193,72],{"class":71},[65,152195,76],{"class":75},[65,152197,80],{"class":79},[65,152199,84],{"class":83},[65,152201,88],{"class":87},[65,152203,84],{"class":83},[65,152205,93],{"class":79},[65,152207,97],{"class":96},[65,152209,100],{"class":79},[65,152211,103],{"class":83},[65,152213,106],{"class":87},[65,152215,84],{"class":83},[65,152217,93],{"class":79},[65,152219,113],{"class":96},[65,152221,130],{"class":79},[65,152223,152224,152226,152228,152230,152232,152234],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,152225,165],{"class":164},[65,152227,168],{"class":79},[65,152229,48875],{"class":1368},[65,152231,168],{"class":79},[65,152233,184],{"class":147},[65,152235,1870],{"class":79},[20,152237,152238],{},"returns only the keys:",[56,152240,152242],{"className":58,"code":152241,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152243,152244],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152245,152246,152248,152250,152252,152254,152256,152258,152260,152262],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152247,168],{"class":79},[65,152249,203],{"class":83},[65,152251,88],{"class":87},[65,152253,203],{"class":83},[65,152255,100],{"class":79},[65,152257,233],{"class":83},[65,152259,106],{"class":87},[65,152261,203],{"class":83},[65,152263,174],{"class":79},[20,152265,152266],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[56,152268,152270],{"className":58,"code":152269,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152271,152272],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152273,152274,152276,152278,152280,152282,152284,152286,152288],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152275,165],{"class":164},[65,152277,168],{"class":79},[65,152279,48875],{"class":1368},[65,152281,168],{"class":79},[65,152283,184],{"class":147},[65,152285,144],{"class":79},[65,152287,7960],{"class":147},[65,152289,6443],{"class":79},[1059,152291,152293],{"id":152292},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152295,152296,152297,152299],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152298,37963],{}," conversion.",[20,152301,5624],{},[56,152303,152305],{"className":58,"code":152304,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152306,152307,152327],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152308,152309,152311,152313,152315,152317,152319,152321,152323,152325],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152310,1189],{"class":71},[65,152312,76],{"class":75},[65,152314,648],{"class":79},[65,152316,3135],{"class":96},[65,152318,100],{"class":79},[65,152320,113],{"class":96},[65,152322,100],{"class":79},[65,152324,127],{"class":96},[65,152326,174],{"class":79},[65,152328,152329,152331,152333,152335],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,152330,165],{"class":164},[65,152332,168],{"class":79},[65,152334,1714],{"class":147},[65,152336,174],{"class":79},[20,152338,152339],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152341,25613,152342,152344],{},[15,152343,37963],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[51,152346,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,152348,152350],{"id":152349},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152352,152353],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1059,152355,152357],{"id":152356},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152359,152360,152361,144],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152362,7515],{},[1059,152364,152366],{"id":152365},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152368,152369],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1059,152371,152373],{"id":152372},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152375,152376],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1059,152378,152380],{"id":152379},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152382,152383,152384,144],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152385,3152],{},[51,152387,2015],{"id":2014},[30,152389,152390,152394,152398,152402,152406,152410],{},[33,152391,152392],{},[88,152393,147916],{"href":147915},[33,152395,152396],{},[88,152397,150843],{"href":149219},[33,152399,152400],{},[88,152401,104980],{"href":59981},[33,152403,152404],{},[88,152405,151572],{"href":151571},[33,152407,152408],{},[88,152409,63476],{"href":63475},[33,152411,152412],{},[88,152413,62217],{"href":52523},[2071,152415,152416],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":152418},[152419,152420,152421,152422,152423,152430,152431,152432,152433,152439,152446],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":151046,"depth":133,"text":151047},{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":149592,"depth":133,"text":149593},{"id":151215,"depth":133,"text":151216,"children":152424},[152425,152426,152427,152428,152429],{"id":151219,"depth":154,"text":151220},{"id":151307,"depth":154,"text":151308},{"id":151406,"depth":154,"text":151407},{"id":151486,"depth":154,"text":151487},{"id":151575,"depth":154,"text":151576},{"id":151680,"depth":133,"text":151681},{"id":151850,"depth":133,"text":151851},{"id":151944,"depth":133,"text":151945},{"id":115244,"depth":133,"text":115245,"children":152434},[152435,152436,152437,152438],{"id":151994,"depth":154,"text":151995},{"id":152045,"depth":154,"text":152046},{"id":152181,"depth":154,"text":152182},{"id":152292,"depth":154,"text":152293},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":152440},[152441,152442,152443,152444,152445],{"id":152349,"depth":154,"text":152350},{"id":152356,"depth":154,"text":152357},{"id":152365,"depth":154,"text":152366},{"id":152372,"depth":154,"text":152373},{"id":152379,"depth":154,"text":152380},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150901,"description":152447},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152454,"title":152455,"body":152456,"description":153869,"extension":2111,"meta":153870,"navigation":157,"path":153871,"seo":153872,"stem":153873,"__hash__":153874},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152457,"toc":153841},[152458,152463,152468,152471,152473,152552,152558,152563,152567,152582,152584,152631,152633,152641,152649,152655,152657,152662,152682,152685,152712,152714,152738,152740,152882,152884,152888,152896,152899,152901,152978,152980,152988,152992,152996,153006,153016,153018,153023,153025,153084,153089,153091,153191,153193,153207,153212,153218,153225,153228,153230,153340,153344,153361,153363,153426,153428,153436,153448,153452,153457,153485,153488,153570,153572,153583,153585,153589,153616,153618,153620,153700,153708,153710,153765,153767,153772,153775,153779,153783,153785,153789,153793,153801,153808,153811,153813,153838],[10,152459,147800,152461,18],{"id":152460},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152462,58893],{},[20,152464,152465,152467],{},[15,152466,149121],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152469,152470],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[51,152472,54],{"id":53},[56,152474,152476],{"className":58,"code":152475,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152477,152478,152518,152540],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152479,152480,152482,152484,152486,152488,152490,152492,152494,152496,152498,152500,152502,152504,152506,152508,152510,152512,152514,152516],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152481,13206],{"class":71},[65,152483,76],{"class":75},[65,152485,648],{"class":79},[65,152487,84],{"class":83},[65,152489,13223],{"class":87},[65,152491,84],{"class":83},[65,152493,100],{"class":79},[65,152495,103],{"class":83},[65,152497,13240],{"class":87},[65,152499,84],{"class":83},[65,152501,100],{"class":79},[65,152503,103],{"class":83},[65,152505,17570],{"class":87},[65,152507,84],{"class":83},[65,152509,100],{"class":79},[65,152511,103],{"class":83},[65,152513,13240],{"class":87},[65,152515,84],{"class":83},[65,152517,174],{"class":79},[65,152519,152520,152522,152524,152526,152528,152530,152532,152534,152536,152538],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,152521,64846],{"class":71},[65,152523,76],{"class":75},[65,152525,13254],{"class":71},[65,152527,144],{"class":79},[65,152529,35760],{"class":147},[65,152531,168],{"class":79},[65,152533,84],{"class":83},[65,152535,13240],{"class":87},[65,152537,84],{"class":83},[65,152539,174],{"class":79},[65,152541,152542,152544,152546,152548,152550],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,152543,165],{"class":164},[65,152545,168],{"class":79},[65,152547,64873],{"class":147},[65,152549,3813],{"class":79},[65,152551,27883],{"class":3816},[20,152553,152554,152557],{},[15,152555,152556],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[51,152559,252,152561,255],{"id":152560},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152562,149121],{},[20,152564,22,152565,11555],{},[15,152566,58893],{},[30,152568,152569,152572,152574,152577],{},[33,152570,152571],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[33,152573,128398],{},[33,152575,152576],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[33,152578,152579,152580],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152581,2267],{},[20,152583,350],{},[56,152585,152587],{"className":58,"code":152586,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152588,152589,152613],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152590,152591,152593,152595,152597,152599,152601,152603,152605,152607,152609,152611],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152592,3768],{"class":71},[65,152594,76],{"class":75},[65,152596,648],{"class":79},[65,152598,2476],{"class":96},[65,152600,100],{"class":79},[65,152602,7940],{"class":96},[65,152604,100],{"class":79},[65,152606,7945],{"class":96},[65,152608,100],{"class":79},[65,152610,7940],{"class":96},[65,152612,174],{"class":79},[65,152614,152615,152617,152619,152621,152623,152625,152627,152629],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,152616,165],{"class":164},[65,152618,168],{"class":79},[65,152620,3800],{"class":147},[65,152622,144],{"class":79},[65,152624,35760],{"class":147},[65,152626,168],{"class":79},[65,152628,15876],{"class":96},[65,152630,1870],{"class":79},[20,152632,191],{},[56,152634,152635],{"className":58,"code":46838,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,152636,152637],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152638,152639],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152640,46838],{"class":96},[20,152642,21093,152643,152645,152646,152648],{},[15,152644,15876],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152647,58893],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152650,151067,152651,144],{},[88,152652,152654],{"href":152653},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[51,152656,283],{"id":282},[20,152658,7912,152659,152661],{},[15,152660,58893],{}," in two ways:",[56,152663,152665],{"className":58,"code":152664,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152666,152667],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152668,152669,152672,152674,152676,152678,152680],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152670,152671],{"class":71},"tuple_name",[65,152673,144],{"class":79},[65,152675,35760],{"class":147},[65,152677,168],{"class":79},[65,152679,1714],{"class":147},[65,152681,174],{"class":79},[20,152683,152684],{},"or:",[56,152686,152688],{"className":58,"code":152687,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152689,152690],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152691,152692,152694,152696,152698,152700,152702,152704,152706,152708,152710],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152693,152671],{"class":71},[65,152695,144],{"class":79},[65,152697,35760],{"class":147},[65,152699,168],{"class":79},[65,152701,1714],{"class":147},[65,152703,100],{"class":79},[65,152705,35966],{"class":147},[65,152707,100],{"class":79},[65,152709,64967],{"class":147},[65,152711,174],{"class":79},[1059,152713,17509],{"id":17508},[30,152715,152716,152721,152726,152731],{},[33,152717,152718,152720],{},[15,152719,1714],{}," — the item to search for",[33,152722,152723,152725],{},[15,152724,35987],{}," — optional starting position",[33,152727,152728,152730],{},[15,152729,52584],{}," — optional ending position",[33,152732,152733,4939,152735,152737],{},[15,152734,52584],{},[46,152736,64996],{}," in the search",[20,152739,350],{},[56,152741,152743],{"className":58,"code":152742,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152744,152745,152793,152797,152822,152850],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152746,152747,152749,152751,152753,152755,152757,152759,152761,152763,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781,152783,152785,152787,152789,152791],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152748,36005],{"class":71},[65,152750,76],{"class":75},[65,152752,648],{"class":79},[65,152754,84],{"class":83},[65,152756,88],{"class":87},[65,152758,84],{"class":83},[65,152760,100],{"class":79},[65,152762,103],{"class":83},[65,152764,106],{"class":87},[65,152766,84],{"class":83},[65,152768,100],{"class":79},[65,152770,103],{"class":83},[65,152772,120],{"class":87},[65,152774,84],{"class":83},[65,152776,100],{"class":79},[65,152778,103],{"class":83},[65,152780,106],{"class":87},[65,152782,84],{"class":83},[65,152784,100],{"class":79},[65,152786,103],{"class":83},[65,152788,18883],{"class":87},[65,152790,84],{"class":83},[65,152792,174],{"class":79},[65,152794,152795],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,152796,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,152798,152799,152801,152803,152805,152807,152809,152811,152813,152815,152817,152819],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,152800,165],{"class":164},[65,152802,168],{"class":79},[65,152804,36058],{"class":147},[65,152806,144],{"class":79},[65,152808,35760],{"class":147},[65,152810,168],{"class":79},[65,152812,84],{"class":83},[65,152814,106],{"class":87},[65,152816,84],{"class":83},[65,152818,5513],{"class":79},[65,152820,152821],{"class":3816},"        # 1\n",[65,152823,152824,152826,152828,152830,152832,152834,152836,152838,152840,152842,152844,152846,152848],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,152825,165],{"class":164},[65,152827,168],{"class":79},[65,152829,36058],{"class":147},[65,152831,144],{"class":79},[65,152833,35760],{"class":147},[65,152835,168],{"class":79},[65,152837,84],{"class":83},[65,152839,106],{"class":87},[65,152841,84],{"class":83},[65,152843,100],{"class":79},[65,152845,113],{"class":96},[65,152847,5513],{"class":79},[65,152849,50841],{"class":3816},[65,152851,152852,152854,152856,152858,152860,152862,152864,152866,152868,152870,152872,152874,152876,152878,152880],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,152853,165],{"class":164},[65,152855,168],{"class":79},[65,152857,36058],{"class":147},[65,152859,144],{"class":79},[65,152861,35760],{"class":147},[65,152863,168],{"class":79},[65,152865,84],{"class":83},[65,152867,106],{"class":87},[65,152869,84],{"class":83},[65,152871,100],{"class":79},[65,152873,97],{"class":96},[65,152875,100],{"class":79},[65,152877,127],{"class":96},[65,152879,5513],{"class":79},[65,152881,27883],{"class":3816},[51,152883,103307],{"id":103306},[20,152885,152886,25616],{},[15,152887,149121],{},[30,152889,152890,152893],{},[33,152891,152892],{},"An integer",[33,152894,152895],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152897,152898],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152900,350],{},[56,152902,152904],{"className":58,"code":152903,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152905,152906,152946,152968],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152907,152908,152910,152912,152914,152916,152918,152920,152922,152924,152926,152928,152930,152932,152934,152936,152938,152940,152942,152944],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152909,108406],{"class":71},[65,152911,76],{"class":75},[65,152913,648],{"class":79},[65,152915,84],{"class":83},[65,152917,36963],{"class":87},[65,152919,84],{"class":83},[65,152921,100],{"class":79},[65,152923,103],{"class":83},[65,152925,58052],{"class":87},[65,152927,84],{"class":83},[65,152929,100],{"class":79},[65,152931,103],{"class":83},[65,152933,58069],{"class":87},[65,152935,84],{"class":83},[65,152937,100],{"class":79},[65,152939,103],{"class":83},[65,152941,58052],{"class":87},[65,152943,84],{"class":83},[65,152945,174],{"class":79},[65,152947,152948,152950,152952,152954,152956,152958,152960,152962,152964,152966],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,152949,401],{"class":71},[65,152951,76],{"class":75},[65,152953,108449],{"class":71},[65,152955,144],{"class":79},[65,152957,35760],{"class":147},[65,152959,168],{"class":79},[65,152961,84],{"class":83},[65,152963,58052],{"class":87},[65,152965,84],{"class":83},[65,152967,174],{"class":79},[65,152969,152970,152972,152974,152976],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,152971,165],{"class":164},[65,152973,168],{"class":79},[65,152975,425],{"class":147},[65,152977,174],{"class":79},[20,152979,191],{},[56,152981,152982],{"className":58,"code":46838,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,152983,152984],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,152985,152986],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,152987,46838],{"class":96},[51,152989,152991],{"id":152990},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152993,1309,152994,10745],{},[15,152995,149121],{},[30,152997,152998,153000,153003],{},[33,152999,66025],{},[33,153001,153002],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[33,153004,153005],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153007,153008,153009,153012,153013,144],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153010,153011],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[88,153014,149589],{"href":153015},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[51,153017,65557],{"id":65556},[20,153019,153020,153021,144],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153022,40622],{},[20,153024,350],{},[56,153026,153028],{"className":58,"code":153027,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153029,153030,153062],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,153031,153032,153034,153036,153038,153040,153042,153044,153046,153048,153050,153052,153054,153056,153058,153060],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,153033,13206],{"class":71},[65,153035,76],{"class":75},[65,153037,648],{"class":79},[65,153039,84],{"class":83},[65,153041,13223],{"class":87},[65,153043,84],{"class":83},[65,153045,100],{"class":79},[65,153047,103],{"class":83},[65,153049,13240],{"class":87},[65,153051,84],{"class":83},[65,153053,100],{"class":79},[65,153055,103],{"class":83},[65,153057,17570],{"class":87},[65,153059,84],{"class":83},[65,153061,174],{"class":79},[65,153063,153064,153066,153068,153070,153072,153074,153076,153078,153080,153082],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,153065,165],{"class":164},[65,153067,168],{"class":79},[65,153069,17617],{"class":147},[65,153071,144],{"class":79},[65,153073,35760],{"class":147},[65,153075,168],{"class":79},[65,153077,84],{"class":83},[65,153079,22631],{"class":87},[65,153081,84],{"class":83},[65,153083,1870],{"class":79},[20,153085,39571,153086,153088],{},[15,153087,109731],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153090,65632],{},[56,153092,153094],{"className":58,"code":153093,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153095,153096,153128,153132,153148,153170,153176],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,153097,153098,153100,153102,153104,153106,153108,153110,153112,153114,153116,153118,153120,153122,153124,153126],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,153099,13206],{"class":71},[65,153101,76],{"class":75},[65,153103,648],{"class":79},[65,153105,84],{"class":83},[65,153107,13223],{"class":87},[65,153109,84],{"class":83},[65,153111,100],{"class":79},[65,153113,103],{"class":83},[65,153115,13240],{"class":87},[65,153117,84],{"class":83},[65,153119,100],{"class":79},[65,153121,103],{"class":83},[65,153123,17570],{"class":87},[65,153125,84],{"class":83},[65,153127,174],{"class":79},[65,153129,153130],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,153131,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,153133,153134,153136,153138,153140,153142,153144,153146],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,153135,1406],{"class":1405},[65,153137,103],{"class":83},[65,153139,22631],{"class":87},[65,153141,84],{"class":83},[65,153143,21289],{"class":75},[65,153145,13254],{"class":71},[65,153147,1411],{"class":79},[65,153149,153150,153152,153154,153156,153158,153160,153162,153164,153166,153168],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,153151,1431],{"class":164},[65,153153,168],{"class":79},[65,153155,17617],{"class":147},[65,153157,144],{"class":79},[65,153159,35760],{"class":147},[65,153161,168],{"class":79},[65,153163,84],{"class":83},[65,153165,22631],{"class":87},[65,153167,84],{"class":83},[65,153169,1870],{"class":79},[65,153171,153172,153174],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,153173,1442],{"class":1405},[65,153175,1411],{"class":79},[65,153177,153178,153180,153182,153184,153187,153189],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,153179,1431],{"class":164},[65,153181,168],{"class":79},[65,153183,84],{"class":83},[65,153185,153186],{"class":87},"Value not found",[65,153188,84],{"class":83},[65,153190,174],{"class":79},[20,153192,191],{},[56,153194,153196],{"className":58,"code":153195,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Value not found\n",[15,153197,153198],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,153199,153200,153203,153205],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,153201,153202],{"class":71},"Value ",[65,153204,1014],{"class":75},[65,153206,65756],{"class":71},[20,153208,153209,153210,144],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[88,153211,65766],{"href":65765},[51,153213,8569,153214,1048,153216],{"id":65333},[15,153215,35987],{},[15,153217,52584],{},[20,153219,22,153220,1048,153222,153224],{},[15,153221,35987],{},[15,153223,52584],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153226,153227],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153229,350],{},[56,153231,153233],{"className":58,"code":153232,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153234,153235,153263,153267,153288,153312],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,153236,153237,153239,153241,153243,153245,153247,153249,153251,153253,153255,153257,153259,153261],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,153238,3975],{"class":71},[65,153240,76],{"class":75},[65,153242,648],{"class":79},[65,153244,2284],{"class":96},[65,153246,100],{"class":79},[65,153248,6157],{"class":96},[65,153250,100],{"class":79},[65,153252,4762],{"class":96},[65,153254,100],{"class":79},[65,153256,7940],{"class":96},[65,153258,100],{"class":79},[65,153260,4762],{"class":96},[65,153262,174],{"class":79},[65,153264,153265],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,153266,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,153268,153269,153271,153273,153275,153277,153279,153281,153283,153285],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,153270,165],{"class":164},[65,153272,168],{"class":79},[65,153274,5510],{"class":147},[65,153276,144],{"class":79},[65,153278,35760],{"class":147},[65,153280,168],{"class":79},[65,153282,2284],{"class":96},[65,153284,5513],{"class":79},[65,153286,153287],{"class":3816},"        # 0\n",[65,153289,153290,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300,153302,153304,153306,153308,153310],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,153291,165],{"class":164},[65,153293,168],{"class":79},[65,153295,5510],{"class":147},[65,153297,144],{"class":79},[65,153299,35760],{"class":147},[65,153301,168],{"class":79},[65,153303,2284],{"class":96},[65,153305,100],{"class":79},[65,153307,97],{"class":96},[65,153309,5513],{"class":79},[65,153311,50875],{"class":3816},[65,153313,153314,153316,153318,153320,153322,153324,153326,153328,153330,153332,153334,153336,153338],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,153315,165],{"class":164},[65,153317,168],{"class":79},[65,153319,5510],{"class":147},[65,153321,144],{"class":79},[65,153323,35760],{"class":147},[65,153325,168],{"class":79},[65,153327,2284],{"class":96},[65,153329,100],{"class":79},[65,153331,127],{"class":96},[65,153333,100],{"class":79},[65,153335,4762],{"class":96},[65,153337,5513],{"class":79},[65,153339,50858],{"class":3816},[1059,153341,153343],{"id":153342},"how-it-works","How it works",[30,153345,153346,153351,153356],{},[33,153347,153348,153350],{},[15,153349,35987],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[33,153352,153353,153355],{},[15,153354,52584],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[33,153357,22,153358,153360],{},[15,153359,52584],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153362,350],{},[56,153364,153366],{"className":58,"code":153365,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153367,153368,153396,153400],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,153369,153370,153372,153374,153376,153378,153380,153382,153384,153386,153388,153390,153392,153394],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,153371,3975],{"class":71},[65,153373,76],{"class":75},[65,153375,648],{"class":79},[65,153377,2284],{"class":96},[65,153379,100],{"class":79},[65,153381,6157],{"class":96},[65,153383,100],{"class":79},[65,153385,4762],{"class":96},[65,153387,100],{"class":79},[65,153389,7940],{"class":96},[65,153391,100],{"class":79},[65,153393,4762],{"class":96},[65,153395,174],{"class":79},[65,153397,153398],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,153399,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,153401,153402,153404,153406,153408,153410,153412,153414,153416,153418,153420,153422,153424],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,153403,165],{"class":164},[65,153405,168],{"class":79},[65,153407,5510],{"class":147},[65,153409,144],{"class":79},[65,153411,35760],{"class":147},[65,153413,168],{"class":79},[65,153415,2284],{"class":96},[65,153417,100],{"class":79},[65,153419,97],{"class":96},[65,153421,100],{"class":79},[65,153423,2602],{"class":96},[65,153425,1870],{"class":79},[20,153427,191],{},[56,153429,153430],{"className":58,"code":17177,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,153431,153432],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,153433,153434],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,153435,17177],{"class":96},[20,153437,153438,153439,1028,153441,1035,153443,153445,153446,144],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153440,3135],{},[15,153442,2204],{},[15,153444,2210],{},", but not ",[15,153447,2650],{},[51,153449,153451],{"id":153450},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153453,153454,153455,93],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153456,149121],{},[30,153458,153459,153467,153472,153479],{},[33,153460,153461,153462,153464,153465],{},"Do not confuse the ",[46,153463,1714],{}," with the ",[46,153466,35760],{},[33,153468,153469,153470],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153471,2267],{},[33,153473,1309,153474,153478],{},[88,153475,149147,153476,10885],{"href":149199},[15,153477,57215],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[33,153480,153481,153482,153484],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153483,153011],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153486,153487],{},"Example of value vs index:",[56,153489,153491],{"className":58,"code":153490,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153492,153493,153525,153529,153553],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,153494,153495,153497,153499,153501,153503,153505,153507,153509,153511,153513,153515,153517,153519,153521,153523],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,153496,36154],{"class":71},[65,153498,76],{"class":75},[65,153500,648],{"class":79},[65,153502,84],{"class":83},[65,153504,4234],{"class":87},[65,153506,84],{"class":83},[65,153508,100],{"class":79},[65,153510,103],{"class":83},[65,153512,4243],{"class":87},[65,153514,84],{"class":83},[65,153516,100],{"class":79},[65,153518,103],{"class":83},[65,153520,33132],{"class":87},[65,153522,84],{"class":83},[65,153524,174],{"class":79},[65,153526,153527],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,153528,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,153530,153531,153533,153535,153537,153539,153541,153543,153545,153547,153549,153551],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,153532,165],{"class":164},[65,153534,168],{"class":79},[65,153536,36206],{"class":147},[65,153538,144],{"class":79},[65,153540,35760],{"class":147},[65,153542,168],{"class":79},[65,153544,84],{"class":83},[65,153546,4243],{"class":87},[65,153548,84],{"class":83},[65,153550,5513],{"class":79},[65,153552,27883],{"class":3816},[65,153554,153555,153557,153559,153561,153563,153565,153567],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,153556,165],{"class":164},[65,153558,168],{"class":79},[65,153560,36206],{"class":147},[65,153562,4054],{"class":79},[65,153564,3135],{"class":96},[65,153566,20561],{"class":79},[65,153568,153569],{"class":3816},"               # banana\n",[20,153571,2325],{},[30,153573,153574,153578],{},[33,153575,153576,15373],{},[15,153577,65201],{},[33,153579,153580,153582],{},[15,153581,3135],{}," is the index",[51,153584,1766],{"id":1765},[20,153586,106045,153587,93],{},[15,153588,149121],{},[30,153590,153591,153594,153599,153604,153611],{},[33,153592,153593],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[33,153595,1792,153596,153598],{},[15,153597,58893],{}," to return all matching positions",[33,153600,153601,153602],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153603,2267],{},[33,153605,153606,153607,1048,153609],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153608,35987],{},[15,153610,52584],{},[33,153612,37120,153613,153615],{},[15,153614,149121],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1059,153617,60636],{"id":60635},[20,153619,94307],{},[56,153621,153623],{"className":58,"code":153622,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153624,153625,153635,153649,153664,153682],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,153626,153627,153629,153631,153633],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,153628,165],{"class":164},[65,153630,168],{"class":79},[65,153632,147934],{"class":147},[65,153634,174],{"class":79},[65,153636,153637,153639,153641,153643,153645,153647],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,153638,165],{"class":164},[65,153640,168],{"class":79},[65,153642,1863],{"class":164},[65,153644,168],{"class":79},[65,153646,147934],{"class":147},[65,153648,1870],{"class":79},[65,153650,153651,153653,153655,153657,153659,153662],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,153652,165],{"class":164},[65,153654,168],{"class":79},[65,153656,1189],{"class":147},[65,153658,4036],{"class":1405},[65,153660,153661],{"class":147}," my_tuple",[65,153663,174],{"class":79},[65,153665,153666,153668,153670,153672,153674,153676,153678,153680],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,153667,165],{"class":164},[65,153669,168],{"class":79},[65,153671,147934],{"class":147},[65,153673,144],{"class":79},[65,153675,41178],{"class":147},[65,153677,168],{"class":79},[65,153679,1714],{"class":147},[65,153681,1870],{"class":79},[65,153683,153684,153686,153688,153690,153692,153694,153696,153698],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,153685,165],{"class":164},[65,153687,168],{"class":79},[65,153689,147934],{"class":147},[65,153691,144],{"class":79},[65,153693,35760],{"class":147},[65,153695,168],{"class":79},[65,153697,1714],{"class":147},[65,153699,1870],{"class":79},[20,153701,153702,153703,84324,153705,153707],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153704,40622],{},[15,153706,1714],{}," is missing.",[20,153709,129551],{},[56,153711,153713],{"className":58,"code":153712,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153714,153715,153727,153745,153751],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,153716,153717,153719,153721,153723,153725],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,153718,1406],{"class":1405},[65,153720,492],{"class":71},[65,153722,4036],{"class":75},[65,153724,153661],{"class":71},[65,153726,1411],{"class":79},[65,153728,153729,153731,153733,153735,153737,153739,153741,153743],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,153730,1431],{"class":164},[65,153732,168],{"class":79},[65,153734,147934],{"class":147},[65,153736,144],{"class":79},[65,153738,35760],{"class":147},[65,153740,168],{"class":79},[65,153742,1714],{"class":147},[65,153744,1870],{"class":79},[65,153746,153747,153749],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,153748,1442],{"class":1405},[65,153750,1411],{"class":79},[65,153752,153753,153755,153757,153759,153761,153763],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,153754,1431],{"class":164},[65,153756,168],{"class":79},[65,153758,84],{"class":83},[65,153760,153186],{"class":87},[65,153762,84],{"class":83},[65,153764,174],{"class":79},[51,153766,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,153768,1953,153770,12849],{"id":153769},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153771,149121],{},[20,153773,153774],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1059,153776,153778],{"id":153777},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153780,153781,152648],{},[15,153782,149121],{},[1059,153784,149100],{"id":149099},[20,153786,76785,153787,144],{},[15,153788,40622],{},[1059,153790,153792],{"id":153791},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153794,153795,153796,1048,153798,153800],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153797,35987],{},[15,153799,52584],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1059,153802,15029,153804,57130,153806,2637],{"id":153803},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153805,149121],{},[15,153807,64792],{},[20,153809,153810],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[51,153812,2015],{"id":2014},[30,153814,153815,153821,153825,153830,153834],{},[33,153816,153817],{},[88,153818,149147,153819,10885],{"href":149199},[15,153820,57215],{},[33,153822,153823],{},[88,153824,149589],{"href":153015},[33,153826,153827],{},[88,153828,153829],{"href":150895},"Creating a tuple in Python",[33,153831,153832],{},[88,153833,65766],{"href":65765},[33,153835,153836],{},[88,153837,150843],{"href":152653},[2071,153839,153840],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":153842},[153843,153844,153846,153849,153850,153851,153852,153855,153856,153859,153868],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":152560,"depth":133,"text":153845},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283,"children":153847},[153848],{"id":17508,"depth":154,"text":17509},{"id":103306,"depth":133,"text":103307},{"id":152990,"depth":133,"text":152991},{"id":65556,"depth":133,"text":65557},{"id":65333,"depth":133,"text":66116,"children":153853},[153854],{"id":153342,"depth":154,"text":153343},{"id":153450,"depth":133,"text":153451},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766,"children":153857},[153858],{"id":60635,"depth":154,"text":60636},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":153860},[153861,153863,153864,153865,153866],{"id":153769,"depth":154,"text":153862},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153777,"depth":154,"text":153778},{"id":149099,"depth":154,"text":149100},{"id":153791,"depth":154,"text":153792},{"id":153803,"depth":154,"text":153867},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152455,"description":153869},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153876,"title":153877,"body":153878,"description":155273,"extension":2111,"meta":155274,"navigation":157,"path":153015,"seo":155275,"stem":155276,"__hash__":155277},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153879,"toc":155255},[153880,153883,153886,153889,153903,153905,153908,154002,154012,154018,154022,154025,154028,154030,154048,154050,154121,154123,154140,154144,154148,154151,154168,154171,154186,154188,154279,154282,154286,154289,154306,154308,154403,154406,154409,154413,154416,154510,154512,154531,154534,154538,154541,154543,154598,154600,154635,154638,154652,154660,154753,154762,154766,154769,154776,154779,154826,154828,154836,154839,154890,154892,154909,154914,154918,154921,154924,154926,154977,154980,155035,155038,155041,155043,155046,155066,155068,155141,155144,155157,155159,155163,155168,155172,155177,155194,155198,155201,155218,155222,155225,155227,155252],[10,153881,153877],{"id":153882},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153884,153885],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153887,153888],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[30,153890,153891,153894,153897,153900],{},[33,153892,153893],{},"positive indexes",[33,153895,153896],{},"negative indexes",[33,153898,153899],{},"common indexing mistakes",[33,153901,153902],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[51,153904,3758],{"id":3757},[20,153906,153907],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[56,153909,153911],{"className":58,"code":153910,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153912,153913,153945,153949,153966,153983],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,153914,153915,153917,153919,153921,153923,153925,153927,153929,153931,153933,153935,153937,153939,153941,153943],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,153916,13206],{"class":71},[65,153918,76],{"class":75},[65,153920,648],{"class":79},[65,153922,84],{"class":83},[65,153924,13223],{"class":87},[65,153926,84],{"class":83},[65,153928,100],{"class":79},[65,153930,103],{"class":83},[65,153932,17570],{"class":87},[65,153934,84],{"class":83},[65,153936,100],{"class":79},[65,153938,103],{"class":83},[65,153940,13240],{"class":87},[65,153942,84],{"class":83},[65,153944,174],{"class":79},[65,153946,153947],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,153948,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,153950,153951,153953,153955,153957,153959,153961,153963],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,153952,165],{"class":164},[65,153954,168],{"class":79},[65,153956,17617],{"class":147},[65,153958,4054],{"class":79},[65,153960,2267],{"class":96},[65,153962,20561],{"class":79},[65,153964,153965],{"class":3816},"   # red\n",[65,153967,153968,153970,153972,153974,153976,153978,153980],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,153969,165],{"class":164},[65,153971,168],{"class":79},[65,153973,17617],{"class":147},[65,153975,4054],{"class":79},[65,153977,3135],{"class":96},[65,153979,20561],{"class":79},[65,153981,153982],{"class":3816},"   # green\n",[65,153984,153985,153987,153989,153991,153993,153995,153997,153999],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,153986,165],{"class":164},[65,153988,168],{"class":79},[65,153990,17617],{"class":147},[65,153992,4054],{"class":79},[65,153994,2169],{"class":75},[65,153996,3135],{"class":96},[65,153998,20561],{"class":79},[65,154000,154001],{"class":3816},"  # blue\n",[30,154003,154004,154009],{},[33,154005,132340,154006,154008],{},[15,154007,2267],{}," is the first item.",[33,154010,154011],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154013,154014,154015,144],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[88,154016,154017],{"href":147919},"how to create a tuple in Python",[51,154019,154021],{"id":154020},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154023,154024],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154026,154027],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154029,302],{},[30,154031,154032,154035,154042,154045],{},[33,154033,154034],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[33,154036,154037,154038,19079,154040],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154039,2267],{},[15,154041,3135],{},[33,154043,154044],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[33,154046,154047],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154049,350],{},[56,154051,154053],{"className":58,"code":154052,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154054,154055,154075,154079,154093,154107],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154056,154057,154059,154061,154063,154065,154067,154069,154071,154073],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154058,3768],{"class":71},[65,154060,76],{"class":75},[65,154062,648],{"class":79},[65,154064,2476],{"class":96},[65,154066,100],{"class":79},[65,154068,7940],{"class":96},[65,154070,100],{"class":79},[65,154072,7945],{"class":96},[65,154074,174],{"class":79},[65,154076,154077],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,154078,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,154080,154081,154083,154085,154087,154089,154091],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,154082,165],{"class":164},[65,154084,168],{"class":79},[65,154086,3800],{"class":147},[65,154088,4054],{"class":79},[65,154090,2267],{"class":96},[65,154092,4042],{"class":79},[65,154094,154095,154097,154099,154101,154103,154105],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,154096,165],{"class":164},[65,154098,168],{"class":79},[65,154100,3800],{"class":147},[65,154102,4054],{"class":79},[65,154104,3135],{"class":96},[65,154106,4042],{"class":79},[65,154108,154109,154111,154113,154115,154117,154119],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,154110,165],{"class":164},[65,154112,168],{"class":79},[65,154114,3800],{"class":147},[65,154116,4054],{"class":79},[65,154118,2204],{"class":96},[65,154120,4042],{"class":79},[20,154122,191],{},[56,154124,154126],{"className":58,"code":154125,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154127,154128,154132,154136],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154129,154130],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154131,2522],{"class":96},[65,154133,154134],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,154135,71151],{"class":96},[65,154137,154138],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,154139,69767],{"class":96},[20,154141,59318,154142,144],{},[88,154143,147916],{"href":147915},[51,154145,154147],{"id":154146},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154149,154150],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[30,154152,154153,154158,154163],{},[33,154154,154155,154157],{},[15,154156,2267],{}," = first item",[33,154159,154160,154162],{},[15,154161,3135],{}," = second item",[33,154164,154165,154167],{},[15,154166,2204],{}," = third item",[20,154169,154170],{},"Pattern:",[56,154172,154174],{"className":58,"code":154173,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154175,154176],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154177,154178,154180,154182,154184],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154179,152671],{"class":71},[65,154181,4054],{"class":79},[65,154183,35760],{"class":71},[65,154185,3786],{"class":79},[20,154187,350],{},[56,154189,154191],{"className":58,"code":154190,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154192,154193,154225,154229,154246,154262],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154194,154195,154197,154199,154201,154203,154205,154207,154209,154211,154213,154215,154217,154219,154221,154223],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154196,36154],{"class":71},[65,154198,76],{"class":75},[65,154200,648],{"class":79},[65,154202,84],{"class":83},[65,154204,4234],{"class":87},[65,154206,84],{"class":83},[65,154208,100],{"class":79},[65,154210,103],{"class":83},[65,154212,4243],{"class":87},[65,154214,84],{"class":83},[65,154216,100],{"class":79},[65,154218,103],{"class":83},[65,154220,4252],{"class":87},[65,154222,84],{"class":83},[65,154224,174],{"class":79},[65,154226,154227],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,154228,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,154230,154231,154233,154235,154237,154239,154241,154243],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,154232,165],{"class":164},[65,154234,168],{"class":79},[65,154236,36206],{"class":147},[65,154238,4054],{"class":79},[65,154240,2267],{"class":96},[65,154242,20561],{"class":79},[65,154244,154245],{"class":3816},"  # apple\n",[65,154247,154248,154250,154252,154254,154256,154258,154260],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,154249,165],{"class":164},[65,154251,168],{"class":79},[65,154253,36206],{"class":147},[65,154255,4054],{"class":79},[65,154257,3135],{"class":96},[65,154259,20561],{"class":79},[65,154261,51409],{"class":3816},[65,154263,154264,154266,154268,154270,154272,154274,154276],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,154265,165],{"class":164},[65,154267,168],{"class":79},[65,154269,36206],{"class":147},[65,154271,4054],{"class":79},[65,154273,2204],{"class":96},[65,154275,20561],{"class":79},[65,154277,154278],{"class":3816},"  # cherry\n",[20,154280,154281],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[51,154283,154285],{"id":154284},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154287,154288],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[30,154290,154291,154296,154301],{},[33,154292,154293,154295],{},[15,154294,65781],{}," = last item",[33,154297,154298,154300],{},[15,154299,95337],{}," = second-to-last item",[33,154302,154303,154305],{},[15,154304,47592],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154307,350],{},[56,154309,154311],{"className":58,"code":154310,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154312,154313,154345,154349,154367,154385],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154314,154315,154317,154319,154321,154323,154325,154327,154329,154331,154333,154335,154337,154339,154341,154343],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154316,36154],{"class":71},[65,154318,76],{"class":75},[65,154320,648],{"class":79},[65,154322,84],{"class":83},[65,154324,4234],{"class":87},[65,154326,84],{"class":83},[65,154328,100],{"class":79},[65,154330,103],{"class":83},[65,154332,4243],{"class":87},[65,154334,84],{"class":83},[65,154336,100],{"class":79},[65,154338,103],{"class":83},[65,154340,4252],{"class":87},[65,154342,84],{"class":83},[65,154344,174],{"class":79},[65,154346,154347],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,154348,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,154350,154351,154353,154355,154357,154359,154361,154363,154365],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,154352,165],{"class":164},[65,154354,168],{"class":79},[65,154356,36206],{"class":147},[65,154358,4054],{"class":79},[65,154360,2169],{"class":75},[65,154362,3135],{"class":96},[65,154364,20561],{"class":79},[65,154366,154278],{"class":3816},[65,154368,154369,154371,154373,154375,154377,154379,154381,154383],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,154370,165],{"class":164},[65,154372,168],{"class":79},[65,154374,36206],{"class":147},[65,154376,4054],{"class":79},[65,154378,2169],{"class":75},[65,154380,2204],{"class":96},[65,154382,20561],{"class":79},[65,154384,51409],{"class":3816},[65,154386,154387,154389,154391,154393,154395,154397,154399,154401],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,154388,165],{"class":164},[65,154390,168],{"class":79},[65,154392,36206],{"class":147},[65,154394,4054],{"class":79},[65,154396,2169],{"class":75},[65,154398,2210],{"class":96},[65,154400,20561],{"class":79},[65,154402,154245],{"class":3816},[20,154404,154405],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154407,154408],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[51,154410,154412],{"id":154411},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154414,154415],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[56,154417,154419],{"className":58,"code":154418,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154420,154421,154453,154457,154474,154491],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154422,154423,154425,154427,154429,154431,154433,154435,154437,154439,154441,154443,154445,154447,154449,154451],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154424,5150],{"class":71},[65,154426,76],{"class":75},[65,154428,648],{"class":79},[65,154430,84],{"class":83},[65,154432,542],{"class":87},[65,154434,84],{"class":83},[65,154436,100],{"class":79},[65,154438,103],{"class":83},[65,154440,35855],{"class":87},[65,154442,84],{"class":83},[65,154444,100],{"class":79},[65,154446,103],{"class":83},[65,154448,35864],{"class":87},[65,154450,84],{"class":83},[65,154452,174],{"class":79},[65,154454,154455],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,154456,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,154458,154459,154461,154463,154465,154467,154469,154471],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,154460,165],{"class":164},[65,154462,168],{"class":79},[65,154464,5193],{"class":147},[65,154466,4054],{"class":79},[65,154468,2267],{"class":96},[65,154470,20561],{"class":79},[65,154472,154473],{"class":3816},"   # first item\n",[65,154475,154476,154478,154480,154482,154484,154486,154488],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,154477,165],{"class":164},[65,154479,168],{"class":79},[65,154481,5193],{"class":147},[65,154483,4054],{"class":79},[65,154485,3135],{"class":96},[65,154487,20561],{"class":79},[65,154489,154490],{"class":3816},"   # middle item\n",[65,154492,154493,154495,154497,154499,154501,154503,154505,154507],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,154494,165],{"class":164},[65,154496,168],{"class":79},[65,154498,5193],{"class":147},[65,154500,4054],{"class":79},[65,154502,2169],{"class":75},[65,154504,3135],{"class":96},[65,154506,20561],{"class":79},[65,154508,154509],{"class":3816},"  # last item\n",[20,154511,191],{},[56,154513,154515],{"className":58,"code":154514,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154516,154517,154521,154526],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154518,154519],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154520,49962],{"class":71},[65,154522,154523],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,154524,154525],{"class":71},"Ben\n",[65,154527,154528],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,154529,154530],{"class":71},"Cara\n",[20,154532,154533],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[51,154535,154537],{"id":154536},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154539,154540],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154542,350],{},[56,154544,154546],{"className":58,"code":154545,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154547,154548,154580,154584],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154549,154550,154552,154554,154556,154558,154560,154562,154564,154566,154568,154570,154572,154574,154576,154578],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154551,36005],{"class":71},[65,154553,76],{"class":75},[65,154555,648],{"class":79},[65,154557,84],{"class":83},[65,154559,88],{"class":87},[65,154561,84],{"class":83},[65,154563,100],{"class":79},[65,154565,103],{"class":83},[65,154567,106],{"class":87},[65,154569,84],{"class":83},[65,154571,100],{"class":79},[65,154573,103],{"class":83},[65,154575,120],{"class":87},[65,154577,84],{"class":83},[65,154579,174],{"class":79},[65,154581,154582],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,154583,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,154585,154586,154588,154590,154592,154594,154596],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,154587,165],{"class":164},[65,154589,168],{"class":79},[65,154591,36058],{"class":147},[65,154593,4054],{"class":79},[65,154595,2284],{"class":96},[65,154597,4042],{"class":79},[20,154599,191],{},[56,154601,154603],{"className":58,"code":154602,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154604,154605,154617,154622],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154606,154607,154610,154612,154615],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154608,154609],{"class":147},"Traceback ",[65,154611,168],{"class":79},[65,154613,154614],{"class":147},"most recent call last",[65,154616,8493],{"class":79},[65,154618,154619],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,154620,154621],{"class":34365},"  ...\n",[65,154623,154624,154626,154628,154630,154633],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,154625,70658],{"class":1368},[65,154627,93],{"class":79},[65,154629,149282],{"class":1368},[65,154631,154632],{"class":71}," index out of ",[65,154634,70850],{"class":164},[20,154636,154637],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[30,154639,154640,154644,154648],{},[33,154641,154642],{},[15,154643,2267],{},[33,154645,154646],{},[15,154647,3135],{},[33,154649,154650],{},[15,154651,2204],{},[20,154653,154654,154655,144],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[88,154656,154657,154659],{"href":149154},[15,154658,42280],{}," on a tuple",[56,154661,154663],{"className":58,"code":154662,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154664,154665,154697,154701,154717,154721,154739],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154666,154667,154669,154671,154673,154675,154677,154679,154681,154683,154685,154687,154689,154691,154693,154695],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154668,36005],{"class":71},[65,154670,76],{"class":75},[65,154672,648],{"class":79},[65,154674,84],{"class":83},[65,154676,88],{"class":87},[65,154678,84],{"class":83},[65,154680,100],{"class":79},[65,154682,103],{"class":83},[65,154684,106],{"class":87},[65,154686,84],{"class":83},[65,154688,100],{"class":79},[65,154690,103],{"class":83},[65,154692,120],{"class":87},[65,154694,84],{"class":83},[65,154696,174],{"class":79},[65,154698,154699],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,154700,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,154702,154703,154705,154707,154709,154711,154713,154715],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,154704,165],{"class":164},[65,154706,168],{"class":79},[65,154708,1863],{"class":164},[65,154710,168],{"class":79},[65,154712,36058],{"class":147},[65,154714,5513],{"class":79},[65,154716,50693],{"class":3816},[65,154718,154719],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,154720,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,154722,154723,154725,154727,154729,154731,154733,154735,154737],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,154724,1406],{"class":1405},[65,154726,38303],{"class":164},[65,154728,168],{"class":79},[65,154730,36058],{"class":147},[65,154732,3813],{"class":79},[65,154734,38313],{"class":75},[65,154736,113],{"class":96},[65,154738,1411],{"class":79},[65,154740,154741,154743,154745,154747,154749,154751],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,154742,1431],{"class":164},[65,154744,168],{"class":79},[65,154746,36058],{"class":147},[65,154748,4054],{"class":79},[65,154750,2204],{"class":96},[65,154752,4042],{"class":79},[20,154754,154755,154756,144],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[88,154757,1546,154759],{"href":154758},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154760,154761],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[51,154763,154765],{"id":154764},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154767,154768],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,154770,154771,154773],{},[33,154772,76802],{},[33,154774,154775],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154777,154778],{},"Indexing example:",[56,154780,154782],{"className":58,"code":154781,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154783,154784,154808,154812],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154785,154786,154788,154790,154792,154794,154796,154798,154800,154802,154804,154806],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154787,3768],{"class":71},[65,154789,76],{"class":75},[65,154791,648],{"class":79},[65,154793,2476],{"class":96},[65,154795,100],{"class":79},[65,154797,7940],{"class":96},[65,154799,100],{"class":79},[65,154801,7945],{"class":96},[65,154803,100],{"class":79},[65,154805,50766],{"class":96},[65,154807,174],{"class":79},[65,154809,154810],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,154811,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,154813,154814,154816,154818,154820,154822,154824],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,154815,165],{"class":164},[65,154817,168],{"class":79},[65,154819,3800],{"class":147},[65,154821,4054],{"class":79},[65,154823,3135],{"class":96},[65,154825,4042],{"class":79},[20,154827,191],{},[56,154829,154830],{"className":58,"code":71151,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,154831,154832],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154833,154834],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154835,71151],{"class":96},[20,154837,154838],{},"Slicing example:",[56,154840,154842],{"className":58,"code":154841,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154843,154844,154868,154872],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154845,154846,154848,154850,154852,154854,154856,154858,154860,154862,154864,154866],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154847,3768],{"class":71},[65,154849,76],{"class":75},[65,154851,648],{"class":79},[65,154853,2476],{"class":96},[65,154855,100],{"class":79},[65,154857,7940],{"class":96},[65,154859,100],{"class":79},[65,154861,7945],{"class":96},[65,154863,100],{"class":79},[65,154865,50766],{"class":96},[65,154867,174],{"class":79},[65,154869,154870],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,154871,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,154873,154874,154876,154878,154880,154882,154884,154886,154888],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,154875,165],{"class":164},[65,154877,168],{"class":79},[65,154879,3800],{"class":147},[65,154881,4054],{"class":79},[65,154883,3135],{"class":96},[65,154885,93],{"class":79},[65,154887,2210],{"class":96},[65,154889,4042],{"class":79},[20,154891,191],{},[56,154893,154895],{"className":58,"code":154894,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154896,154897],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154898,154899,154901,154903,154905,154907],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154900,168],{"class":79},[65,154902,15876],{"class":96},[65,154904,100],{"class":79},[65,154906,7945],{"class":96},[65,154908,174],{"class":79},[20,154910,154911,154912,144],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[88,154913,150833],{"href":150832},[51,154915,154917],{"id":154916},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154919,154920],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154922,154923],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154925,6838],{},[56,154927,154929],{"className":58,"code":154928,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154930,154931,154963],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154932,154933,154935,154937,154939,154941,154943,154945,154947,154949,154951,154953,154955,154957,154959,154961],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154934,13206],{"class":71},[65,154936,76],{"class":75},[65,154938,648],{"class":79},[65,154940,84],{"class":83},[65,154942,13223],{"class":87},[65,154944,84],{"class":83},[65,154946,100],{"class":79},[65,154948,103],{"class":83},[65,154950,17570],{"class":87},[65,154952,84],{"class":83},[65,154954,100],{"class":79},[65,154956,103],{"class":83},[65,154958,13240],{"class":87},[65,154960,84],{"class":83},[65,154962,174],{"class":79},[65,154964,154965,154967,154969,154971,154973,154975],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,154966,165],{"class":164},[65,154968,168],{"class":79},[65,154970,17617],{"class":147},[65,154972,4054],{"class":79},[65,154974,3135],{"class":96},[65,154976,4042],{"class":79},[20,154978,154979],{},"But this does not work:",[56,154981,154983],{"className":58,"code":154982,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154984,154985,155017],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,154986,154987,154989,154991,154993,154995,154997,154999,155001,155003,155005,155007,155009,155011,155013,155015],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,154988,13206],{"class":71},[65,154990,76],{"class":75},[65,154992,648],{"class":79},[65,154994,84],{"class":83},[65,154996,13223],{"class":87},[65,154998,84],{"class":83},[65,155000,100],{"class":79},[65,155002,103],{"class":83},[65,155004,17570],{"class":87},[65,155006,84],{"class":83},[65,155008,100],{"class":79},[65,155010,103],{"class":83},[65,155012,13240],{"class":87},[65,155014,84],{"class":83},[65,155016,174],{"class":79},[65,155018,155019,155021,155023,155025,155027,155029,155031,155033],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,155020,17617],{"class":71},[65,155022,4054],{"class":79},[65,155024,3135],{"class":96},[65,155026,13402],{"class":79},[65,155028,13405],{"class":75},[65,155030,103],{"class":83},[65,155032,22631],{"class":87},[65,155034,1650],{"class":83},[20,155036,155037],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155039,155040],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[51,155042,1766],{"id":1765},[20,155044,155045],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[30,155047,155048,155054,155057,155060],{},[33,155049,132644,155050,11237,155052],{},[15,155051,3135],{},[15,155053,2267],{},[33,155055,155056],{},"Using an index that is too large",[33,155058,155059],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[33,155061,155062,155063],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155064,155065],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155067,62221],{},[56,155069,155071],{"className":58,"code":155070,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155072,155073,155083,155097,155111,155127],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155074,155075,155077,155079,155081],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155076,165],{"class":164},[65,155078,168],{"class":79},[65,155080,147934],{"class":147},[65,155082,174],{"class":79},[65,155084,155085,155087,155089,155091,155093,155095],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,155086,165],{"class":164},[65,155088,168],{"class":79},[65,155090,1863],{"class":164},[65,155092,168],{"class":79},[65,155094,147934],{"class":147},[65,155096,1870],{"class":79},[65,155098,155099,155101,155103,155105,155107,155109],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,155100,165],{"class":164},[65,155102,168],{"class":79},[65,155104,147934],{"class":147},[65,155106,4054],{"class":79},[65,155108,2267],{"class":96},[65,155110,4042],{"class":79},[65,155112,155113,155115,155117,155119,155121,155123,155125],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,155114,165],{"class":164},[65,155116,168],{"class":79},[65,155118,147934],{"class":147},[65,155120,4054],{"class":79},[65,155122,2169],{"class":75},[65,155124,3135],{"class":96},[65,155126,4042],{"class":79},[65,155128,155129,155131,155133,155135,155137,155139],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,155130,165],{"class":164},[65,155132,168],{"class":79},[65,155134,3370],{"class":1368},[65,155136,168],{"class":79},[65,155138,147934],{"class":147},[65,155140,1870],{"class":79},[20,155142,155143],{},"These can help you confirm:",[30,155145,155146,155149,155151,155154],{},[33,155147,155148],{},"what the tuple contains",[33,155150,60710],{},[33,155152,155153],{},"what the first and last items are",[33,155155,155156],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[51,155158,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,155160,155162],{"id":155161},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155164,155165,155166,144],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155167,2267],{},[1059,155169,155171],{"id":155170},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155173,1309,155174,155176],{},[15,155175,65781],{}," as the index:",[56,155178,155180],{"className":58,"code":155179,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155181,155182],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155183,155184,155186,155188,155190,155192],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155185,147934],{"class":71},[65,155187,4054],{"class":79},[65,155189,2169],{"class":75},[65,155191,3135],{"class":96},[65,155193,3786],{"class":79},[1059,155195,155197],{"id":155196},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155199,155200],{},"Python raises:",[56,155202,155204],{"className":58,"code":155203,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155205,155206],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155207,155208,155210,155212,155214,155216],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155209,70658],{"class":1368},[65,155211,93],{"class":79},[65,155213,149282],{"class":1368},[65,155215,154632],{"class":71},[65,155217,70850],{"class":164},[1059,155219,155221],{"id":155220},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155223,155224],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[51,155226,2015],{"id":2014},[30,155228,155229,155234,155238,155242,155248],{},[33,155230,155231],{},[88,155232,155233],{"href":147919},"How to create a tuple in Python",[33,155235,155236],{},[88,155237,150833],{"href":150832},[33,155239,155240],{},[88,155241,150838],{"href":149154},[33,155243,155244],{},[88,155245,26229,155246],{"href":154758},[15,155247,154761],{},[33,155249,155250],{},[88,155251,147916],{"href":147915},[2071,155253,155254],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":155256},[155257,155258,155259,155260,155261,155262,155263,155264,155265,155266,155272],{"id":3757,"depth":133,"text":3758},{"id":154020,"depth":133,"text":154021},{"id":154146,"depth":133,"text":154147},{"id":154284,"depth":133,"text":154285},{"id":154411,"depth":133,"text":154412},{"id":154536,"depth":133,"text":154537},{"id":154764,"depth":133,"text":154765},{"id":154916,"depth":133,"text":154917},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":155267},[155268,155269,155270,155271],{"id":155161,"depth":154,"text":155162},{"id":155170,"depth":154,"text":155171},{"id":155196,"depth":154,"text":155197},{"id":155220,"depth":154,"text":155221},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153877,"description":155273},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155279,"title":155280,"body":155281,"description":157170,"extension":2111,"meta":157171,"navigation":157,"path":157172,"seo":157173,"stem":157174,"__hash__":157175},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155282,"toc":157127},[155283,155289,155294,155345,155349,155357,155363,155365,155381,155383,155386,155401,155403,155416,155418,155475,155479,155487,155494,155500,155506,155510,155561,155565,155573,155577,155606,155610,155618,155622,155655,155659,155667,155671,155674,155725,155729,155737,155739,155756,155760,155764,155823,155827,155835,155838,155865,155869,155877,155881,155887,155962,155966,156003,156011,156015,156078,156082,156090,156095,156099,156105,156148,156152,156160,156166,156169,156216,156220,156228,156237,156243,156298,156302,156310,156313,156317,156319,156350,156354,156373,156376,156421,156425,156448,156454,156459,156461,156508,156513,156516,156564,156568,156576,156580,156585,156589,156639,156643,156658,156662,156720,156724,156739,156743,156814,156818,156827,156831,156910,156914,156936,156944,156946,156949,156974,156976,157029,157031,157048,157050,157054,157060,157065,157070,157074,157079,157083,157088,157094,157097,157099,157124],[10,155284,155286,155287,3813],{"id":155285},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155288,1863],{},[20,155290,1309,155291,155293],{},[15,155292,42280],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[56,155295,155297],{"className":58,"code":155296,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155298,155299,155331],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155300,155301,155303,155305,155307,155309,155311,155313,155315,155317,155319,155321,155323,155325,155327,155329],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155302,13206],{"class":71},[65,155304,76],{"class":75},[65,155306,648],{"class":79},[65,155308,84],{"class":83},[65,155310,13223],{"class":87},[65,155312,84],{"class":83},[65,155314,100],{"class":79},[65,155316,103],{"class":83},[65,155318,17570],{"class":87},[65,155320,84],{"class":83},[65,155322,100],{"class":79},[65,155324,103],{"class":83},[65,155326,13240],{"class":87},[65,155328,84],{"class":83},[65,155330,174],{"class":79},[65,155332,155333,155335,155337,155339,155341,155343],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,155334,165],{"class":164},[65,155336,168],{"class":79},[65,155338,1863],{"class":164},[65,155340,168],{"class":79},[65,155342,17617],{"class":147},[65,155344,1870],{"class":79},[20,155346,155347],{},[46,155348,191],{},[56,155350,155351],{"className":58,"code":46538,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,155352,155353],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155354,155355],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155356,46538],{"class":96},[20,155358,1309,155359,155362],{},[15,155360,155361],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[51,155364,15289],{"id":15288},[30,155366,155367,155372,155376,155379],{},[33,155368,4354,155369,155371],{},[15,155370,42280],{}," works with tuples",[33,155373,68185,155374,11842],{},[15,155375,42280],{},[33,155377,155378],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[33,155380,4675],{},[51,155382,283],{"id":282},[20,155384,155385],{},"Use this pattern:",[56,155387,155389],{"className":58,"code":155388,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155390,155391],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155392,155393,155395,155397,155399],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155394,1863],{"class":164},[65,155396,168],{"class":79},[65,155398,147934],{"class":147},[65,155400,174],{"class":79},[20,155402,302],{},[30,155404,155405,155408,155411],{},[33,155406,155407],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[33,155409,155410],{},"The result is an integer",[33,155412,155413,155415],{},[15,155414,42280],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155417,350],{},[56,155419,155421],{"className":58,"code":155420,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155422,155423,155447,155461,155465],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155424,155425,155427,155429,155431,155433,155435,155437,155439,155441,155443,155445],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155426,3768],{"class":71},[65,155428,76],{"class":75},[65,155430,648],{"class":79},[65,155432,2476],{"class":96},[65,155434,100],{"class":79},[65,155436,7940],{"class":96},[65,155438,100],{"class":79},[65,155440,7945],{"class":96},[65,155442,100],{"class":79},[65,155444,50766],{"class":96},[65,155446,174],{"class":79},[65,155448,155449,155451,155453,155455,155457,155459],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,155450,41160],{"class":71},[65,155452,76],{"class":75},[65,155454,38303],{"class":164},[65,155456,168],{"class":79},[65,155458,3800],{"class":147},[65,155460,174],{"class":79},[65,155462,155463],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,155464,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,155466,155467,155469,155471,155473],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,155468,165],{"class":164},[65,155470,168],{"class":79},[65,155472,41178],{"class":147},[65,155474,174],{"class":79},[20,155476,155477],{},[46,155478,191],{},[56,155480,155481],{"className":58,"code":48572,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,155482,155483],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155484,155485],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155486,48572],{"class":96},[20,155488,155489,155490,144],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[88,155491,3724,155492,3657],{"href":42277},[15,155493,42280],{},[51,155495,252,155497,155499],{"id":155496},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155498,42280],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155501,155502,155503,155505],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155504,42280],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1059,155507,155509],{"id":155508},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[56,155511,155513],{"className":58,"code":155512,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155514,155515,155547],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155516,155517,155519,155521,155523,155525,155527,155529,155531,155533,155535,155537,155539,155541,155543,155545],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155518,36154],{"class":71},[65,155520,76],{"class":75},[65,155522,648],{"class":79},[65,155524,84],{"class":83},[65,155526,4234],{"class":87},[65,155528,84],{"class":83},[65,155530,100],{"class":79},[65,155532,103],{"class":83},[65,155534,4243],{"class":87},[65,155536,84],{"class":83},[65,155538,100],{"class":79},[65,155540,103],{"class":83},[65,155542,33132],{"class":87},[65,155544,84],{"class":83},[65,155546,174],{"class":79},[65,155548,155549,155551,155553,155555,155557,155559],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,155550,165],{"class":164},[65,155552,168],{"class":79},[65,155554,1863],{"class":164},[65,155556,168],{"class":79},[65,155558,36206],{"class":147},[65,155560,1870],{"class":79},[20,155562,155563],{},[46,155564,191],{},[56,155566,155567],{"className":58,"code":46538,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,155568,155569],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155570,155571],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155572,46538],{"class":96},[1059,155574,155576],{"id":155575},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[56,155578,155580],{"className":58,"code":155579,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155581,155582,155591],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155583,155584,155587,155589],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155585,155586],{"class":71},"empty_tuple ",[65,155588,76],{"class":75},[65,155590,149258],{"class":79},[65,155592,155593,155595,155597,155599,155601,155604],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,155594,165],{"class":164},[65,155596,168],{"class":79},[65,155598,1863],{"class":164},[65,155600,168],{"class":79},[65,155602,155603],{"class":147},"empty_tuple",[65,155605,1870],{"class":79},[20,155607,155608],{},[46,155609,191],{},[56,155611,155612],{"className":58,"code":47173,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,155613,155614],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155615,155616],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155617,47173],{"class":96},[1059,155619,155621],{"id":155620},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[56,155623,155625],{"className":58,"code":155624,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155626,155627,155640],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155628,155629,155632,155634,155636,155638],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155630,155631],{"class":71},"single_value ",[65,155633,76],{"class":75},[65,155635,648],{"class":79},[65,155637,2284],{"class":96},[65,155639,149272],{"class":79},[65,155641,155642,155644,155646,155648,155650,155653],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,155643,165],{"class":164},[65,155645,168],{"class":79},[65,155647,1863],{"class":164},[65,155649,168],{"class":79},[65,155651,155652],{"class":147},"single_value",[65,155654,1870],{"class":79},[20,155656,155657],{},[46,155658,191],{},[56,155660,155661],{"className":58,"code":46838,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,155662,155663],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155664,155665],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155666,46838],{"class":96},[1059,155668,155670],{"id":155669},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155672,155673],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[56,155675,155677],{"className":58,"code":155676,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155678,155679,155711],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155680,155681,155683,155685,155687,155689,155691,155693,155695,155697,155699,155701,155703,155705,155707,155709],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155682,72],{"class":71},[65,155684,76],{"class":75},[65,155686,648],{"class":79},[65,155688,3135],{"class":96},[65,155690,100],{"class":79},[65,155692,648],{"class":79},[65,155694,2204],{"class":96},[65,155696,100],{"class":79},[65,155698,127],{"class":96},[65,155700,9383],{"class":79},[65,155702,3773],{"class":79},[65,155704,2650],{"class":96},[65,155706,100],{"class":79},[65,155708,4762],{"class":96},[65,155710,4042],{"class":79},[65,155712,155713,155715,155717,155719,155721,155723],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,155714,165],{"class":164},[65,155716,168],{"class":79},[65,155718,1863],{"class":164},[65,155720,168],{"class":79},[65,155722,184],{"class":147},[65,155724,1870],{"class":79},[20,155726,155727],{},[46,155728,191],{},[56,155730,155731],{"className":58,"code":46538,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,155732,155733],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155734,155735],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155736,46538],{"class":96},[20,155738,20072],{},[30,155740,155741,155746,155751],{},[33,155742,155743,155745],{},[15,155744,3135],{}," is one item",[33,155747,155748,155745],{},[15,155749,155750],{},"(2, 3)",[33,155752,155753,155745],{},[15,155754,155755],{},"[4, 5]",[51,155757,155759],{"id":155758},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1059,155761,155763],{"id":155762},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[56,155765,155767],{"className":58,"code":155766,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155768,155769,155809],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155770,155771,155773,155775,155777,155779,155781,155783,155785,155787,155789,155791,155793,155795,155797,155799,155801,155803,155805,155807],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155772,13206],{"class":71},[65,155774,76],{"class":75},[65,155776,648],{"class":79},[65,155778,84],{"class":83},[65,155780,13223],{"class":87},[65,155782,84],{"class":83},[65,155784,100],{"class":79},[65,155786,103],{"class":83},[65,155788,17570],{"class":87},[65,155790,84],{"class":83},[65,155792,100],{"class":79},[65,155794,103],{"class":83},[65,155796,13240],{"class":87},[65,155798,84],{"class":83},[65,155800,100],{"class":79},[65,155802,103],{"class":83},[65,155804,22631],{"class":87},[65,155806,84],{"class":83},[65,155808,174],{"class":79},[65,155810,155811,155813,155815,155817,155819,155821],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,155812,165],{"class":164},[65,155814,168],{"class":79},[65,155816,1863],{"class":164},[65,155818,168],{"class":79},[65,155820,17617],{"class":147},[65,155822,1870],{"class":79},[20,155824,155825],{},[46,155826,191],{},[56,155828,155829],{"className":58,"code":48572,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,155830,155831],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155832,155833],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155834,48572],{"class":96},[1059,155836,155576],{"id":155837},"empty-tuple-1",[56,155839,155841],{"className":58,"code":155840,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155842,155843,155851],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155844,155845,155847,155849],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155846,7929],{"class":71},[65,155848,76],{"class":75},[65,155850,149258],{"class":79},[65,155852,155853,155855,155857,155859,155861,155863],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,155854,165],{"class":164},[65,155856,168],{"class":79},[65,155858,1863],{"class":164},[65,155860,168],{"class":79},[65,155862,7960],{"class":147},[65,155864,1870],{"class":79},[20,155866,155867],{},[46,155868,191],{},[56,155870,155871],{"className":58,"code":47173,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,155872,155873],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155874,155875],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155876,47173],{"class":96},[1059,155878,155880],{"id":155879},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155882,155883,155884,155886],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[46,155885,1014],{}," always a tuple.",[56,155888,155890],{"className":58,"code":155889,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155891,155892,155904,155916,155920,155934,155948],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155893,155894,155896,155898,155900,155902],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155895,2700],{"class":71},[65,155897,76],{"class":75},[65,155899,648],{"class":79},[65,155901,2284],{"class":96},[65,155903,174],{"class":79},[65,155905,155906,155908,155910,155912,155914],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,155907,2728],{"class":71},[65,155909,76],{"class":75},[65,155911,648],{"class":79},[65,155913,2284],{"class":96},[65,155915,149272],{"class":79},[65,155917,155918],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,155919,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,155921,155922,155924,155926,155928,155930,155932],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,155923,165],{"class":164},[65,155925,168],{"class":79},[65,155927,3370],{"class":1368},[65,155929,168],{"class":79},[65,155931,88],{"class":147},[65,155933,1870],{"class":79},[65,155935,155936,155938,155940,155942,155944,155946],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,155937,165],{"class":164},[65,155939,168],{"class":79},[65,155941,3370],{"class":1368},[65,155943,168],{"class":79},[65,155945,106],{"class":147},[65,155947,1870],{"class":79},[65,155949,155950,155952,155954,155956,155958,155960],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,155951,165],{"class":164},[65,155953,168],{"class":79},[65,155955,1863],{"class":164},[65,155957,168],{"class":79},[65,155959,106],{"class":147},[65,155961,1870],{"class":79},[20,155963,155964],{},[46,155965,191],{},[56,155967,155969],{"className":58,"code":155968,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155970,155971,155985,155999],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,155972,155973,155975,155977,155979,155981,155983],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,155974,3439],{"class":75},[65,155976,3442],{"class":1696},[65,155978,233],{"class":83},[65,155980,2335],{"class":87},[65,155982,203],{"class":83},[65,155984,3451],{"class":75},[65,155986,155987,155989,155991,155993,155995,155997],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,155988,3439],{"class":75},[65,155990,3442],{"class":1696},[65,155992,233],{"class":83},[65,155994,48875],{"class":87},[65,155996,203],{"class":83},[65,155998,3451],{"class":75},[65,156000,156001],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,156002,46838],{"class":96},[20,156004,156005,156006,1048,156009,144],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[88,156007,156008],{"href":147919},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[88,156010,149220],{"href":149219},[1059,156012,156014],{"id":156013},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[56,156016,156018],{"className":58,"code":156017,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156019,156020,156064],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156021,156022,156024,156026,156028,156030,156032,156034,156036,156038,156040,156042,156044,156046,156048,156050,156052,156054,156056,156058,156060,156062],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156023,59398],{"class":71},[65,156025,76],{"class":75},[65,156027,648],{"class":79},[65,156029,84],{"class":83},[65,156031,4234],{"class":87},[65,156033,84],{"class":83},[65,156035,100],{"class":79},[65,156037,3773],{"class":79},[65,156039,3135],{"class":96},[65,156041,100],{"class":79},[65,156043,113],{"class":96},[65,156045,18177],{"class":79},[65,156047,648],{"class":79},[65,156049,84],{"class":83},[65,156051,931],{"class":87},[65,156053,84],{"class":83},[65,156055,100],{"class":79},[65,156057,103],{"class":83},[65,156059,944],{"class":87},[65,156061,84],{"class":83},[65,156063,1870],{"class":79},[65,156065,156066,156068,156070,156072,156074,156076],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,156067,165],{"class":164},[65,156069,168],{"class":79},[65,156071,1863],{"class":164},[65,156073,168],{"class":79},[65,156075,59451],{"class":147},[65,156077,1870],{"class":79},[20,156079,156080],{},[46,156081,191],{},[56,156083,156084],{"className":58,"code":46538,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,156085,156086],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156087,156088],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156089,46538],{"class":96},[20,156091,156092,156094],{},[15,156093,42280],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[51,156096,156098],{"id":156097},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1059,156100,156102,156104],{"id":156101},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156103,42280],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[56,156106,156108],{"className":58,"code":156107,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156109,156110,156134],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156111,156112,156114,156116,156118,156120,156122,156124,156126,156128,156130,156132],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156113,4225],{"class":71},[65,156115,76],{"class":75},[65,156117,648],{"class":79},[65,156119,84],{"class":83},[65,156121,63522],{"class":87},[65,156123,84],{"class":83},[65,156125,100],{"class":79},[65,156127,103],{"class":83},[65,156129,60],{"class":87},[65,156131,84],{"class":83},[65,156133,174],{"class":79},[65,156135,156136,156138,156140,156142,156144,156146],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,156137,165],{"class":164},[65,156139,168],{"class":79},[65,156141,1863],{"class":164},[65,156143,168],{"class":79},[65,156145,4269],{"class":147},[65,156147,1870],{"class":79},[20,156149,156150],{},[46,156151,191],{},[56,156153,156154],{"className":58,"code":17177,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,156155,156156],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156157,156158],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156159,17177],{"class":96},[20,156161,156162,156163,156165],{},"This result is ",[15,156164,2204],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156167,156168],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[56,156170,156172],{"className":58,"code":156171,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156173,156174,156198],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156175,156176,156178,156180,156182,156184,156186,156188,156190,156192,156194,156196],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156177,4225],{"class":71},[65,156179,76],{"class":75},[65,156181,648],{"class":79},[65,156183,84],{"class":83},[65,156185,63522],{"class":87},[65,156187,84],{"class":83},[65,156189,100],{"class":79},[65,156191,103],{"class":83},[65,156193,60],{"class":87},[65,156195,84],{"class":83},[65,156197,174],{"class":79},[65,156199,156200,156202,156204,156206,156208,156210,156212,156214],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,156201,165],{"class":164},[65,156203,168],{"class":79},[65,156205,1863],{"class":164},[65,156207,168],{"class":79},[65,156209,4269],{"class":147},[65,156211,4054],{"class":79},[65,156213,2267],{"class":96},[65,156215,3146],{"class":79},[20,156217,156218],{},[46,156219,191],{},[56,156221,156222],{"className":58,"code":17177,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,156223,156224],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156225,156226],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156227,17177],{"class":96},[20,156229,20886,156230,156233,156234,144],{},[15,156231,156232],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156235,156236],{},"\"hi\"",[1059,156238,156240,156242],{"id":156239},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156241,42280],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[56,156244,156246],{"className":58,"code":156245,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156247,156248,156284],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156249,156250,156252,156254,156256,156258,156260,156262,156264,156266,156268,156270,156272,156274,156276,156278,156280,156282],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156251,3975],{"class":71},[65,156253,76],{"class":75},[65,156255,10139],{"class":79},[65,156257,3135],{"class":96},[65,156259,100],{"class":79},[65,156261,113],{"class":96},[65,156263,9383],{"class":79},[65,156265,648],{"class":79},[65,156267,2210],{"class":96},[65,156269,100],{"class":79},[65,156271,2602],{"class":96},[65,156273,9383],{"class":79},[65,156275,648],{"class":79},[65,156277,2284],{"class":96},[65,156279,100],{"class":79},[65,156281,37560],{"class":96},[65,156283,1870],{"class":79},[65,156285,156286,156288,156290,156292,156294,156296],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,156287,165],{"class":164},[65,156289,168],{"class":79},[65,156291,1863],{"class":164},[65,156293,168],{"class":79},[65,156295,5510],{"class":147},[65,156297,1870],{"class":79},[20,156299,156300],{},[46,156301,191],{},[56,156303,156304],{"className":58,"code":46538,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,156305,156306],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156307,156308],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156309,46538],{"class":96},[20,156311,156312],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1059,156314,156316],{"id":156315},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156318,25797],{},[56,156320,156322],{"className":58,"code":156321,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156323,156324,156336],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156325,156326,156328,156330,156332,156334],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156327,1189],{"class":71},[65,156329,76],{"class":75},[65,156331,648],{"class":79},[65,156333,2476],{"class":96},[65,156335,174],{"class":79},[65,156337,156338,156340,156342,156344,156346,156348],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,156339,165],{"class":164},[65,156341,168],{"class":79},[65,156343,3370],{"class":1368},[65,156345,168],{"class":79},[65,156347,1714],{"class":147},[65,156349,1870],{"class":79},[20,156351,156352],{},[46,156353,191],{},[56,156355,156357],{"className":58,"code":156356,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156358,156359],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156360,156361,156363,156365,156367,156369,156371],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156362,3439],{"class":75},[65,156364,3442],{"class":1696},[65,156366,233],{"class":83},[65,156368,2335],{"class":87},[65,156370,203],{"class":83},[65,156372,3451],{"class":75},[20,156374,156375],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[56,156377,156379],{"className":58,"code":156378,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156380,156381,156393,156407],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156382,156383,156385,156387,156389,156391],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156384,1189],{"class":71},[65,156386,76],{"class":75},[65,156388,648],{"class":79},[65,156390,2476],{"class":96},[65,156392,149272],{"class":79},[65,156394,156395,156397,156399,156401,156403,156405],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,156396,165],{"class":164},[65,156398,168],{"class":79},[65,156400,3370],{"class":1368},[65,156402,168],{"class":79},[65,156404,1714],{"class":147},[65,156406,1870],{"class":79},[65,156408,156409,156411,156413,156415,156417,156419],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,156410,165],{"class":164},[65,156412,168],{"class":79},[65,156414,1863],{"class":164},[65,156416,168],{"class":79},[65,156418,1714],{"class":147},[65,156420,1870],{"class":79},[20,156422,156423],{},[46,156424,191],{},[56,156426,156428],{"className":58,"code":156427,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156429,156430,156444],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156431,156432,156434,156436,156438,156440,156442],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156433,3439],{"class":75},[65,156435,3442],{"class":1696},[65,156437,233],{"class":83},[65,156439,48875],{"class":87},[65,156441,203],{"class":83},[65,156443,3451],{"class":75},[65,156445,156446],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,156447,46838],{"class":96},[1059,156449,156451,156453],{"id":156450},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156452,1863],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156455,44349,156456,156458],{},[15,156457,1863],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156460,44380],{},[56,156462,156464],{"className":58,"code":156463,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156465,156466,156474,156494],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156467,156468,156470,156472],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156469,1863],{"class":164},[65,156471,13405],{"class":75},[65,156473,2733],{"class":96},[65,156475,156476,156478,156480,156482,156484,156486,156488,156490,156492],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,156477,3768],{"class":71},[65,156479,76],{"class":75},[65,156481,648],{"class":79},[65,156483,3135],{"class":96},[65,156485,100],{"class":79},[65,156487,113],{"class":96},[65,156489,100],{"class":79},[65,156491,127],{"class":96},[65,156493,174],{"class":79},[65,156495,156496,156498,156500,156502,156504,156506],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,156497,165],{"class":164},[65,156499,168],{"class":79},[65,156501,1863],{"class":164},[65,156503,168],{"class":79},[65,156505,3800],{"class":147},[65,156507,1870],{"class":79},[20,156509,39571,156510,156512],{},[15,156511,1863],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156514,156515],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[56,156517,156519],{"className":58,"code":156518,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156520,156521,156530,156550],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156522,156523,156526,156528],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156524,156525],{"class":71},"length_value ",[65,156527,76],{"class":75},[65,156529,2733],{"class":96},[65,156531,156532,156534,156536,156538,156540,156542,156544,156546,156548],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,156533,3768],{"class":71},[65,156535,76],{"class":75},[65,156537,648],{"class":79},[65,156539,3135],{"class":96},[65,156541,100],{"class":79},[65,156543,113],{"class":96},[65,156545,100],{"class":79},[65,156547,127],{"class":96},[65,156549,174],{"class":79},[65,156551,156552,156554,156556,156558,156560,156562],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,156553,165],{"class":164},[65,156555,168],{"class":79},[65,156557,1863],{"class":164},[65,156559,168],{"class":79},[65,156561,3800],{"class":147},[65,156563,1870],{"class":79},[20,156565,156566],{},[46,156567,191],{},[56,156569,156570],{"className":58,"code":46538,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,156571,156572],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156573,156574],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156575,46538],{"class":96},[51,156577,156579],{"id":156578},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156581,156582,156584],{},[15,156583,42280],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1059,156586,156588],{"id":156587},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[56,156590,156592],{"className":58,"code":156591,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156593,156594,156602,156606,156624],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156595,156596,156598,156600],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156597,7929],{"class":71},[65,156599,76],{"class":75},[65,156601,149258],{"class":79},[65,156603,156604],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,156605,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,156607,156608,156610,156612,156614,156616,156618,156620,156622],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,156609,1406],{"class":1405},[65,156611,38303],{"class":164},[65,156613,168],{"class":79},[65,156615,7960],{"class":147},[65,156617,3813],{"class":79},[65,156619,6561],{"class":75},[65,156621,3986],{"class":96},[65,156623,1411],{"class":79},[65,156625,156626,156628,156630,156632,156635,156637],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,156627,1431],{"class":164},[65,156629,168],{"class":79},[65,156631,84],{"class":83},[65,156633,156634],{"class":87},"The tuple is empty",[65,156636,84],{"class":83},[65,156638,174],{"class":79},[20,156640,156641],{},[46,156642,191],{},[56,156644,156646],{"className":58,"code":156645,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156647,156648],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156649,156650,156652,156654,156656],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156651,22],{"class":71},[65,156653,48875],{"class":1368},[65,156655,8247],{"class":75},[65,156657,8253],{"class":71},[1059,156659,156661],{"id":156660},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[56,156663,156665],{"className":58,"code":156664,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156666,156667,156683,156687,156705],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156668,156669,156671,156673,156675,156677,156679,156681],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156670,51308],{"class":71},[65,156672,76],{"class":75},[65,156674,648],{"class":79},[65,156676,2650],{"class":96},[65,156678,100],{"class":79},[65,156680,6146],{"class":96},[65,156682,174],{"class":79},[65,156684,156685],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,156686,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,156688,156689,156691,156693,156695,156697,156699,156701,156703],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,156690,1406],{"class":1405},[65,156692,38303],{"class":164},[65,156694,168],{"class":79},[65,156696,51333],{"class":147},[65,156698,3813],{"class":79},[65,156700,6561],{"class":75},[65,156702,113],{"class":96},[65,156704,1411],{"class":79},[65,156706,156707,156709,156711,156713,156716,156718],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,156708,1431],{"class":164},[65,156710,168],{"class":79},[65,156712,84],{"class":83},[65,156714,156715],{"class":87},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[65,156717,84],{"class":83},[65,156719,174],{"class":79},[20,156721,156722],{},[46,156723,191],{},[56,156725,156727],{"className":58,"code":156726,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156728,156729],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156730,156731,156734,156736],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156732,156733],{"class":71},"This looks like an x",[65,156735,100],{"class":79},[65,156737,156738],{"class":71}," y coordinate\n",[1059,156740,156742],{"id":156741},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[56,156744,156746],{"className":58,"code":156745,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156747,156748,156777,156781,156799],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156749,156750,156752,156754,156756,156758,156760,156762,156764,156766,156768,156770,156773,156775],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156751,11627],{"class":71},[65,156753,76],{"class":75},[65,156755,648],{"class":79},[65,156757,84],{"class":83},[65,156759,542],{"class":87},[65,156761,84],{"class":83},[65,156763,100],{"class":79},[65,156765,394],{"class":96},[65,156767,100],{"class":79},[65,156769,103],{"class":83},[65,156771,156772],{"class":87},"Canada",[65,156774,84],{"class":83},[65,156776,174],{"class":79},[65,156778,156779],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,156780,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,156782,156783,156785,156787,156789,156791,156793,156795,156797],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,156784,1406],{"class":1405},[65,156786,38303],{"class":164},[65,156788,168],{"class":79},[65,156790,11718],{"class":147},[65,156792,3813],{"class":79},[65,156794,6561],{"class":75},[65,156796,127],{"class":96},[65,156798,1411],{"class":79},[65,156800,156801,156803,156805,156807,156810,156812],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,156802,1431],{"class":164},[65,156804,168],{"class":79},[65,156806,84],{"class":83},[65,156808,156809],{"class":87},"User record has the expected number of values",[65,156811,84],{"class":83},[65,156813,174],{"class":79},[20,156815,156816],{},[46,156817,191],{},[56,156819,156821],{"className":58,"code":156820,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156822,156823],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156824,156825],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156826,156820],{"class":71},[1059,156828,156830],{"id":156829},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[56,156832,156834],{"className":58,"code":156833,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156835,156836,156868,156872,156892],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156837,156838,156840,156842,156844,156846,156848,156850,156852,156854,156856,156858,156860,156862,156864,156866],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156839,36005],{"class":71},[65,156841,76],{"class":75},[65,156843,648],{"class":79},[65,156845,84],{"class":83},[65,156847,88],{"class":87},[65,156849,84],{"class":83},[65,156851,100],{"class":79},[65,156853,103],{"class":83},[65,156855,106],{"class":87},[65,156857,84],{"class":83},[65,156859,100],{"class":79},[65,156861,103],{"class":83},[65,156863,120],{"class":87},[65,156865,84],{"class":83},[65,156867,174],{"class":79},[65,156869,156870],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,156871,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,156873,156874,156876,156878,156880,156882,156884,156886,156888,156890],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,156875,6110],{"class":1405},[65,156877,69475],{"class":71},[65,156879,4036],{"class":1405},[65,156881,53994],{"class":164},[65,156883,168],{"class":79},[65,156885,1863],{"class":164},[65,156887,168],{"class":79},[65,156889,36058],{"class":147},[65,156891,69490],{"class":79},[65,156893,156894,156896,156898,156900,156902,156904,156906,156908],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,156895,1431],{"class":164},[65,156897,168],{"class":79},[65,156899,36069],{"class":147},[65,156901,100],{"class":79},[65,156903,70023],{"class":147},[65,156905,4054],{"class":79},[65,156907,36069],{"class":147},[65,156909,4042],{"class":79},[20,156911,156912],{},[46,156913,191],{},[56,156915,156916],{"className":58,"code":36081,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,156917,156918,156924,156930],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156919,156920,156922],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156921,2267],{"class":96},[65,156923,36090],{"class":71},[65,156925,156926,156928],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,156927,3135],{"class":96},[65,156929,36097],{"class":71},[65,156931,156932,156934],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,156933,2204],{"class":96},[65,156935,36104],{"class":71},[20,156937,156938,156939,156941,156942,144],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[88,156940,149589],{"href":149588},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[88,156943,150833],{"href":150832},[51,156945,1766],{"id":1765},[20,156947,156948],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[30,156950,156951,156959,156966,156971],{},[33,156952,156953,156954,11237,156957],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156955,156956],{},"(5)",[15,156958,149423],{},[33,156960,8569,156961,156963,156964],{},[15,156962,1863],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156965,42280],{},[33,156967,1792,156968,156970],{},[15,156969,42280],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[33,156972,156973],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156975,31993],{},[56,156977,156979],{"className":58,"code":156978,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156980,156981,156991,157005,157019],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,156982,156983,156985,156987,156989],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,156984,165],{"class":164},[65,156986,168],{"class":79},[65,156988,147934],{"class":147},[65,156990,174],{"class":79},[65,156992,156993,156995,156997,156999,157001,157003],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,156994,165],{"class":164},[65,156996,168],{"class":79},[65,156998,3370],{"class":1368},[65,157000,168],{"class":79},[65,157002,147934],{"class":147},[65,157004,1870],{"class":79},[65,157006,157007,157009,157011,157013,157015,157017],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,157008,165],{"class":164},[65,157010,168],{"class":79},[65,157012,1863],{"class":164},[65,157014,168],{"class":79},[65,157016,147934],{"class":147},[65,157018,1870],{"class":79},[65,157020,157021,157023,157025,157027],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,157022,32063],{"class":164},[65,157024,168],{"class":79},[65,157026,1863],{"class":164},[65,157028,174],{"class":79},[20,157030,155143],{},[30,157032,157033,157036,157039,157043],{},[33,157034,157035],{},"what value you are using",[33,157037,157038],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[33,157040,26126,157041,11842],{},[15,157042,42280],{},[33,157044,123307,157045,157047],{},[15,157046,42280],{}," is documented in Python",[51,157049,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,157051,157053],{"id":157052},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157055,1309,157056,157059],{},[15,157057,157058],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1059,157061,1966,157063,149093],{"id":157062},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157064,42280],{},[20,157066,46286,157067,157069],{},[15,157068,42280],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1059,157071,157073],{"id":157072},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157075,157076,157077,144],{},"The length is ",[15,157078,2267],{},[1059,157080,157082],{"id":157081},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157084,150779,157085,157087],{},[15,157086,150782],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1059,157089,1966,157091,157093],{"id":157090},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157092,42280],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157095,157096],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[51,157098,2015],{"id":2014},[30,157100,157101,157107,157111,157115,157119],{},[33,157102,157103],{},[88,157104,3724,157105,3657],{"href":42277},[15,157106,42280],{},[33,157108,157109],{},[88,157110,156008],{"href":147919},[33,157112,157113],{},[88,157114,149589],{"href":149588},[33,157116,157117],{},[88,157118,150833],{"href":150832},[33,157120,157121],{},[88,157122,157123],{"href":149219},"What is a tuple in Python",[2071,157125,157126],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":157128},[157129,157130,157131,157138,157144,157153,157159,157160,157169],{"id":15288,"depth":133,"text":15289},{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":155496,"depth":133,"text":157132,"children":157133},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157134,157135,157136,157137],{"id":155508,"depth":154,"text":155509},{"id":155575,"depth":154,"text":155576},{"id":155620,"depth":154,"text":155621},{"id":155669,"depth":154,"text":155670},{"id":155758,"depth":133,"text":155759,"children":157139},[157140,157141,157142,157143],{"id":155762,"depth":154,"text":155763},{"id":155837,"depth":154,"text":155576},{"id":155879,"depth":154,"text":155880},{"id":156013,"depth":154,"text":156014},{"id":156097,"depth":133,"text":156098,"children":157145},[157146,157148,157150,157151],{"id":156101,"depth":154,"text":157147},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156239,"depth":154,"text":157149},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156315,"depth":154,"text":156316},{"id":156450,"depth":154,"text":157152},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156578,"depth":133,"text":156579,"children":157154},[157155,157156,157157,157158],{"id":156587,"depth":154,"text":156588},{"id":156660,"depth":154,"text":156661},{"id":156741,"depth":154,"text":156742},{"id":156829,"depth":154,"text":156830},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":157161},[157162,157163,157165,157166,157167],{"id":157052,"depth":154,"text":157053},{"id":157062,"depth":154,"text":157164},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157072,"depth":154,"text":157073},{"id":157081,"depth":154,"text":157082},{"id":157090,"depth":154,"text":157168},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155280,"description":157170},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157177,"title":157178,"body":157179,"description":159564,"extension":2111,"meta":159565,"navigation":157,"path":159566,"seo":159567,"stem":159568,"__hash__":159569},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157180,"toc":159525},[157181,157184,157187,157190,157213,157219,157221,157332,157336,157339,157349,157351,157450,157452,157529,157535,157539,157542,157565,157568,157585,157588,157590,157653,157655,157672,157683,157688,157690,157693,157699,157750,157752,157772,157776,157827,157829,157850,157854,157909,157911,157932,157936,157991,157993,158014,158018,158071,158073,158102,158104,158106,158109,158113,158170,158172,158193,158197,158250,158252,158277,158282,158286,158291,158309,158312,158375,158377,158398,158401,158462,158464,158485,158488,158531,158534,158538,158543,158547,158626,158628,158659,158663,158738,158740,158767,158771,158818,158820,158828,158833,158837,158840,158855,158857,158945,158947,158972,158975,159018,159027,159029,159032,159047,159050,159054,159108,159110,159130,159135,159139,159141,159179,159182,159232,159236,159309,159311,159348,159351,159353,159356,159376,159379,159448,159450,159463,159465,159469,159472,159476,159479,159484,159487,159493,159498,159500,159522],[10,157182,157178],{"id":157183},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157185,157186],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157188,157189],{},"Use this format:",[56,157191,157193],{"className":58,"code":157192,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157194,157195],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157196,157197,157199,157201,157203,157205,157207,157209,157211],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157198,48875],{"class":71},[65,157200,4054],{"class":79},[65,157202,35987],{"class":71},[65,157204,93],{"class":79},[65,157206,75353],{"class":71},[65,157208,93],{"class":79},[65,157210,75356],{"class":71},[65,157212,3786],{"class":79},[20,157214,22,157215,75389,157217,144],{},[15,157216,75353],{},[46,157218,64996],{},[51,157220,54],{"id":53},[56,157222,157224],{"className":58,"code":157223,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157225,157226,157254,157258,157279,157296,157313],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157227,157228,157230,157232,157234,157236,157238,157240,157242,157244,157246,157248,157250,157252],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157229,3768],{"class":71},[65,157231,76],{"class":75},[65,157233,648],{"class":79},[65,157235,2476],{"class":96},[65,157237,100],{"class":79},[65,157239,7940],{"class":96},[65,157241,100],{"class":79},[65,157243,7945],{"class":96},[65,157245,100],{"class":79},[65,157247,50766],{"class":96},[65,157249,100],{"class":79},[65,157251,5233],{"class":96},[65,157253,174],{"class":79},[65,157255,157256],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,157257,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,157259,157260,157262,157264,157266,157268,157270,157272,157274,157276],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,157261,165],{"class":164},[65,157263,168],{"class":79},[65,157265,3800],{"class":147},[65,157267,4054],{"class":79},[65,157269,3135],{"class":96},[65,157271,93],{"class":79},[65,157273,2650],{"class":96},[65,157275,20561],{"class":79},[65,157277,157278],{"class":3816},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[65,157280,157281,157283,157285,157287,157289,157291,157293],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,157282,165],{"class":164},[65,157284,168],{"class":79},[65,157286,3800],{"class":147},[65,157288,75462],{"class":79},[65,157290,2210],{"class":96},[65,157292,20561],{"class":79},[65,157294,157295],{"class":3816},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[65,157297,157298,157300,157302,157304,157306,157308,157310],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,157299,165],{"class":164},[65,157301,168],{"class":79},[65,157303,3800],{"class":147},[65,157305,74049],{"class":79},[65,157307,2204],{"class":96},[65,157309,20561],{"class":79},[65,157311,157312],{"class":3816},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[65,157314,157315,157317,157319,157321,157323,157325,157327,157329],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,157316,165],{"class":164},[65,157318,168],{"class":79},[65,157320,3800],{"class":147},[65,157322,74049],{"class":79},[65,157324,2169],{"class":75},[65,157326,3135],{"class":96},[65,157328,20561],{"class":79},[65,157330,157331],{"class":3816},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[51,157333,157335],{"id":157334},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157337,157338],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[30,157340,157341,157343,157346],{},[33,157342,75656],{},[33,157344,157345],{},"The result is a new tuple",[33,157347,157348],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157350,350],{},[56,157352,157354],{"className":58,"code":157353,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157355,157356,157404,157408,157426,157430,157440],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157357,157358,157360,157362,157364,157366,157368,157370,157372,157374,157376,157378,157380,157382,157384,157386,157388,157390,157392,157394,157396,157398,157400,157402],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157359,36005],{"class":71},[65,157361,76],{"class":75},[65,157363,648],{"class":79},[65,157365,84],{"class":83},[65,157367,88],{"class":87},[65,157369,84],{"class":83},[65,157371,100],{"class":79},[65,157373,103],{"class":83},[65,157375,106],{"class":87},[65,157377,84],{"class":83},[65,157379,100],{"class":79},[65,157381,103],{"class":83},[65,157383,120],{"class":87},[65,157385,84],{"class":83},[65,157387,100],{"class":79},[65,157389,103],{"class":83},[65,157391,18883],{"class":87},[65,157393,84],{"class":83},[65,157395,100],{"class":79},[65,157397,103],{"class":83},[65,157399,60373],{"class":87},[65,157401,84],{"class":83},[65,157403,174],{"class":79},[65,157405,157406],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,157407,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,157409,157410,157412,157414,157416,157418,157420,157422,157424],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,157411,75586],{"class":71},[65,157413,76],{"class":75},[65,157415,70023],{"class":71},[65,157417,4054],{"class":79},[65,157419,3135],{"class":96},[65,157421,93],{"class":79},[65,157423,2650],{"class":96},[65,157425,3786],{"class":79},[65,157427,157428],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,157429,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,157431,157432,157434,157436,157438],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,157433,165],{"class":164},[65,157435,168],{"class":79},[65,157437,75609],{"class":147},[65,157439,174],{"class":79},[65,157441,157442,157444,157446,157448],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,157443,165],{"class":164},[65,157445,168],{"class":79},[65,157447,36058],{"class":147},[65,157449,174],{"class":79},[20,157451,191],{},[56,157453,157455],{"className":58,"code":157454,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157456,157457,157485],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157458,157459,157461,157463,157465,157467,157469,157471,157473,157475,157477,157479,157481,157483],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157460,168],{"class":79},[65,157462,203],{"class":83},[65,157464,106],{"class":87},[65,157466,203],{"class":83},[65,157468,100],{"class":79},[65,157470,233],{"class":83},[65,157472,120],{"class":87},[65,157474,203],{"class":83},[65,157476,100],{"class":79},[65,157478,233],{"class":83},[65,157480,18883],{"class":87},[65,157482,203],{"class":83},[65,157484,174],{"class":79},[65,157486,157487,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497,157499,157501,157503,157505,157507,157509,157511,157513,157515,157517,157519,157521,157523,157525,157527],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,157488,168],{"class":79},[65,157490,203],{"class":83},[65,157492,88],{"class":87},[65,157494,203],{"class":83},[65,157496,100],{"class":79},[65,157498,233],{"class":83},[65,157500,106],{"class":87},[65,157502,203],{"class":83},[65,157504,100],{"class":79},[65,157506,233],{"class":83},[65,157508,120],{"class":87},[65,157510,203],{"class":83},[65,157512,100],{"class":79},[65,157514,233],{"class":83},[65,157516,18883],{"class":87},[65,157518,203],{"class":83},[65,157520,100],{"class":79},[65,157522,233],{"class":83},[65,157524,60373],{"class":87},[65,157526,203],{"class":83},[65,157528,174],{"class":79},[20,157530,157531,157532,144],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[88,157533,147916],{"href":157534},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[51,157536,157538],{"id":157537},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157540,157541],{},"The full syntax is:",[56,157543,157545],{"className":58,"code":157544,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157546,157547],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157548,157549,157551,157553,157555,157557,157559,157561,157563],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157550,147934],{"class":71},[65,157552,4054],{"class":79},[65,157554,35987],{"class":71},[65,157556,93],{"class":79},[65,157558,75353],{"class":71},[65,157560,93],{"class":79},[65,157562,75356],{"class":71},[65,157564,3786],{"class":79},[20,157566,157567],{},"Each part has a job:",[30,157569,157570,157575,157580],{},[33,157571,157572,157574],{},[15,157573,35987],{},": where slicing begins",[33,157576,157577,157579],{},[15,157578,75353],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[33,157581,157582,157584],{},[15,157583,75356],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157586,157587],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157589,350],{},[56,157591,157593],{"className":58,"code":157592,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157594,157595,157627,157631],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157596,157597,157599,157601,157603,157605,157607,157609,157611,157613,157615,157617,157619,157621,157623,157625],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157598,3768],{"class":71},[65,157600,76],{"class":75},[65,157602,648],{"class":79},[65,157604,2476],{"class":96},[65,157606,100],{"class":79},[65,157608,7940],{"class":96},[65,157610,100],{"class":79},[65,157612,7945],{"class":96},[65,157614,100],{"class":79},[65,157616,50766],{"class":96},[65,157618,100],{"class":79},[65,157620,5233],{"class":96},[65,157622,100],{"class":79},[65,157624,76027],{"class":96},[65,157626,174],{"class":79},[65,157628,157629],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,157630,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,157632,157633,157635,157637,157639,157641,157643,157645,157647,157649,157651],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,157634,165],{"class":164},[65,157636,168],{"class":79},[65,157638,3800],{"class":147},[65,157640,4054],{"class":79},[65,157642,3135],{"class":96},[65,157644,93],{"class":79},[65,157646,2284],{"class":96},[65,157648,93],{"class":79},[65,157650,2204],{"class":96},[65,157652,4042],{"class":79},[20,157654,191],{},[56,157656,157658],{"className":58,"code":157657,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157659,157660],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157661,157662,157664,157666,157668,157670],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157663,168],{"class":79},[65,157665,15876],{"class":96},[65,157667,100],{"class":79},[65,157669,50766],{"class":96},[65,157671,174],{"class":79},[20,157673,157674,157675,157677,157678,157680,157681,144],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157676,3135],{},", stops before index ",[15,157679,2284],{},", and moves by ",[15,157682,2204],{},[20,157684,157685,157686,144],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[88,157687,149589],{"href":153015},[51,157689,75943],{"id":75942},[20,157691,157692],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1059,157694,157696,157697,6118],{"id":157695},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157698,75957],{},[56,157700,157702],{"className":58,"code":157701,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157703,157704,157732,157736],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157705,157706,157708,157710,157712,157714,157716,157718,157720,157722,157724,157726,157728,157730],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157707,3768],{"class":71},[65,157709,76],{"class":75},[65,157711,648],{"class":79},[65,157713,2476],{"class":96},[65,157715,100],{"class":79},[65,157717,7940],{"class":96},[65,157719,100],{"class":79},[65,157721,7945],{"class":96},[65,157723,100],{"class":79},[65,157725,50766],{"class":96},[65,157727,100],{"class":79},[65,157729,5233],{"class":96},[65,157731,174],{"class":79},[65,157733,157734],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,157735,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,157737,157738,157740,157742,157744,157746,157748],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,157739,165],{"class":164},[65,157741,168],{"class":79},[65,157743,3800],{"class":147},[65,157745,75462],{"class":79},[65,157747,2210],{"class":96},[65,157749,4042],{"class":79},[20,157751,191],{},[56,157753,157754],{"className":58,"code":151281,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,157755,157756],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157757,157758,157760,157762,157764,157766,157768,157770],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157759,168],{"class":79},[65,157761,2476],{"class":96},[65,157763,100],{"class":79},[65,157765,7940],{"class":96},[65,157767,100],{"class":79},[65,157769,7945],{"class":96},[65,157771,174],{"class":79},[1059,157773,157775],{"id":157774},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[56,157777,157779],{"className":58,"code":157778,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157780,157781,157809,157813],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157782,157783,157785,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795,157797,157799,157801,157803,157805,157807],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157784,3768],{"class":71},[65,157786,76],{"class":75},[65,157788,648],{"class":79},[65,157790,2476],{"class":96},[65,157792,100],{"class":79},[65,157794,7940],{"class":96},[65,157796,100],{"class":79},[65,157798,7945],{"class":96},[65,157800,100],{"class":79},[65,157802,50766],{"class":96},[65,157804,100],{"class":79},[65,157806,5233],{"class":96},[65,157808,174],{"class":79},[65,157810,157811],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,157812,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,157814,157815,157817,157819,157821,157823,157825],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,157816,165],{"class":164},[65,157818,168],{"class":79},[65,157820,3800],{"class":147},[65,157822,4054],{"class":79},[65,157824,2204],{"class":96},[65,157826,77643],{"class":79},[20,157828,191],{},[56,157830,157832],{"className":58,"code":157831,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157833,157834],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157835,157836,157838,157840,157842,157844,157846,157848],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157837,168],{"class":79},[65,157839,36757],{"class":96},[65,157841,100],{"class":79},[65,157843,50766],{"class":96},[65,157845,100],{"class":79},[65,157847,5233],{"class":96},[65,157849,174],{"class":79},[1059,157851,157853],{"id":157852},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[56,157855,157857],{"className":58,"code":157856,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157858,157859,157887,157891],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157860,157861,157863,157865,157867,157869,157871,157873,157875,157877,157879,157881,157883,157885],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157862,3768],{"class":71},[65,157864,76],{"class":75},[65,157866,648],{"class":79},[65,157868,2476],{"class":96},[65,157870,100],{"class":79},[65,157872,7940],{"class":96},[65,157874,100],{"class":79},[65,157876,7945],{"class":96},[65,157878,100],{"class":79},[65,157880,50766],{"class":96},[65,157882,100],{"class":79},[65,157884,5233],{"class":96},[65,157886,174],{"class":79},[65,157888,157889],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,157890,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,157892,157893,157895,157897,157899,157901,157903,157905,157907],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,157894,165],{"class":164},[65,157896,168],{"class":79},[65,157898,3800],{"class":147},[65,157900,4054],{"class":79},[65,157902,3135],{"class":96},[65,157904,93],{"class":79},[65,157906,2650],{"class":96},[65,157908,4042],{"class":79},[20,157910,191],{},[56,157912,157914],{"className":58,"code":157913,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157915,157916],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157917,157918,157920,157922,157924,157926,157928,157930],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157919,168],{"class":79},[65,157921,15876],{"class":96},[65,157923,100],{"class":79},[65,157925,7945],{"class":96},[65,157927,100],{"class":79},[65,157929,50766],{"class":96},[65,157931,174],{"class":79},[1059,157933,157935],{"id":157934},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[56,157937,157939],{"className":58,"code":157938,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157940,157941,157973,157977],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157942,157943,157945,157947,157949,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961,157963,157965,157967,157969,157971],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,157944,3768],{"class":71},[65,157946,76],{"class":75},[65,157948,648],{"class":79},[65,157950,2476],{"class":96},[65,157952,100],{"class":79},[65,157954,7940],{"class":96},[65,157956,100],{"class":79},[65,157958,7945],{"class":96},[65,157960,100],{"class":79},[65,157962,50766],{"class":96},[65,157964,100],{"class":79},[65,157966,5233],{"class":96},[65,157968,100],{"class":79},[65,157970,76027],{"class":96},[65,157972,174],{"class":79},[65,157974,157975],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,157976,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,157978,157979,157981,157983,157985,157987,157989],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,157980,165],{"class":164},[65,157982,168],{"class":79},[65,157984,3800],{"class":147},[65,157986,74049],{"class":79},[65,157988,2204],{"class":96},[65,157990,4042],{"class":79},[20,157992,191],{},[56,157994,157996],{"className":58,"code":157995,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157997,157998],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,157999,158000,158002,158004,158006,158008,158010,158012],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158001,168],{"class":79},[65,158003,2476],{"class":96},[65,158005,100],{"class":79},[65,158007,7945],{"class":96},[65,158009,100],{"class":79},[65,158011,5233],{"class":96},[65,158013,174],{"class":79},[1059,158015,158017],{"id":158016},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[56,158019,158021],{"className":58,"code":158020,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158022,158023,158051,158055],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158024,158025,158027,158029,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158026,3768],{"class":71},[65,158028,76],{"class":75},[65,158030,648],{"class":79},[65,158032,2476],{"class":96},[65,158034,100],{"class":79},[65,158036,7940],{"class":96},[65,158038,100],{"class":79},[65,158040,7945],{"class":96},[65,158042,100],{"class":79},[65,158044,50766],{"class":96},[65,158046,100],{"class":79},[65,158048,5233],{"class":96},[65,158050,174],{"class":79},[65,158052,158053],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,158054,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,158056,158057,158059,158061,158063,158065,158067,158069],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,158058,165],{"class":164},[65,158060,168],{"class":79},[65,158062,3800],{"class":147},[65,158064,74049],{"class":79},[65,158066,2169],{"class":75},[65,158068,3135],{"class":96},[65,158070,4042],{"class":79},[20,158072,191],{},[56,158074,158076],{"className":58,"code":158075,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158077,158078],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158079,158080,158082,158084,158086,158088,158090,158092,158094,158096,158098,158100],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158081,168],{"class":79},[65,158083,76721],{"class":96},[65,158085,100],{"class":79},[65,158087,50766],{"class":96},[65,158089,100],{"class":79},[65,158091,7945],{"class":96},[65,158093,100],{"class":79},[65,158095,7940],{"class":96},[65,158097,100],{"class":79},[65,158099,6157],{"class":96},[65,158101,174],{"class":79},[51,158103,76237],{"id":76236},[20,158105,154288],{},[20,158107,158108],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1059,158110,158112],{"id":158111},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[56,158114,158116],{"className":58,"code":158115,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158117,158118,158150,158154],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158119,158120,158122,158124,158126,158128,158130,158132,158134,158136,158138,158140,158142,158144,158146,158148],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158121,3768],{"class":71},[65,158123,76],{"class":75},[65,158125,648],{"class":79},[65,158127,2476],{"class":96},[65,158129,100],{"class":79},[65,158131,7940],{"class":96},[65,158133,100],{"class":79},[65,158135,7945],{"class":96},[65,158137,100],{"class":79},[65,158139,50766],{"class":96},[65,158141,100],{"class":79},[65,158143,5233],{"class":96},[65,158145,100],{"class":79},[65,158147,76027],{"class":96},[65,158149,174],{"class":79},[65,158151,158152],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,158153,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,158155,158156,158158,158160,158162,158164,158166,158168],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,158157,165],{"class":164},[65,158159,168],{"class":79},[65,158161,3800],{"class":147},[65,158163,4054],{"class":79},[65,158165,2169],{"class":75},[65,158167,2210],{"class":96},[65,158169,77643],{"class":79},[20,158171,191],{},[56,158173,158175],{"className":58,"code":158174,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158176,158177],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158178,158179,158181,158183,158185,158187,158189,158191],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158180,168],{"class":79},[65,158182,56617],{"class":96},[65,158184,100],{"class":79},[65,158186,5233],{"class":96},[65,158188,100],{"class":79},[65,158190,76027],{"class":96},[65,158192,174],{"class":79},[1059,158194,158196],{"id":158195},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[56,158198,158200],{"className":58,"code":158199,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158201,158202,158230,158234],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158203,158204,158206,158208,158210,158212,158214,158216,158218,158220,158222,158224,158226,158228],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158205,3768],{"class":71},[65,158207,76],{"class":75},[65,158209,648],{"class":79},[65,158211,2476],{"class":96},[65,158213,100],{"class":79},[65,158215,7940],{"class":96},[65,158217,100],{"class":79},[65,158219,7945],{"class":96},[65,158221,100],{"class":79},[65,158223,50766],{"class":96},[65,158225,100],{"class":79},[65,158227,5233],{"class":96},[65,158229,174],{"class":79},[65,158231,158232],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,158233,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,158235,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244,158246,158248],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,158237,165],{"class":164},[65,158239,168],{"class":79},[65,158241,3800],{"class":147},[65,158243,75462],{"class":79},[65,158245,2169],{"class":75},[65,158247,3135],{"class":96},[65,158249,4042],{"class":79},[20,158251,191],{},[56,158253,158255],{"className":58,"code":158254,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158256,158257],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158258,158259,158261,158263,158265,158267,158269,158271,158273,158275],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158260,168],{"class":79},[65,158262,2476],{"class":96},[65,158264,100],{"class":79},[65,158266,7940],{"class":96},[65,158268,100],{"class":79},[65,158270,7945],{"class":96},[65,158272,100],{"class":79},[65,158274,50766],{"class":96},[65,158276,174],{"class":79},[20,158278,158279,158280,144],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[88,158281,150838],{"href":157172},[51,158283,158285],{"id":158284},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158287,22,158288,158290],{},[15,158289,75356],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[30,158292,158293,158295,158297,158303],{},[33,158294,76493],{},[33,158296,76496],{},[33,158298,158299,158302],{},[15,158300,158301],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[33,158304,158305,158306,158308],{},"A step of ",[15,158307,2267],{}," is not allowed",[20,158310,158311],{},"Example with a positive step:",[56,158313,158315],{"className":58,"code":158314,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158316,158317,158349,158353],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158318,158319,158321,158323,158325,158327,158329,158331,158333,158335,158337,158339,158341,158343,158345,158347],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158320,3768],{"class":71},[65,158322,76],{"class":75},[65,158324,648],{"class":79},[65,158326,2476],{"class":96},[65,158328,100],{"class":79},[65,158330,7940],{"class":96},[65,158332,100],{"class":79},[65,158334,7945],{"class":96},[65,158336,100],{"class":79},[65,158338,50766],{"class":96},[65,158340,100],{"class":79},[65,158342,5233],{"class":96},[65,158344,100],{"class":79},[65,158346,76027],{"class":96},[65,158348,174],{"class":79},[65,158350,158351],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,158352,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,158354,158355,158357,158359,158361,158363,158365,158367,158369,158371,158373],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,158356,165],{"class":164},[65,158358,168],{"class":79},[65,158360,3800],{"class":147},[65,158362,4054],{"class":79},[65,158364,3135],{"class":96},[65,158366,93],{"class":79},[65,158368,80521],{"class":96},[65,158370,93],{"class":79},[65,158372,2204],{"class":96},[65,158374,4042],{"class":79},[20,158376,191],{},[56,158378,158380],{"className":58,"code":158379,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158381,158382],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158383,158384,158386,158388,158390,158392,158394,158396],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158385,168],{"class":79},[65,158387,15876],{"class":96},[65,158389,100],{"class":79},[65,158391,50766],{"class":96},[65,158393,100],{"class":79},[65,158395,76027],{"class":96},[65,158397,174],{"class":79},[20,158399,158400],{},"Example with a negative step:",[56,158402,158404],{"className":58,"code":158403,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158405,158406,158434,158438],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158407,158408,158410,158412,158414,158416,158418,158420,158422,158424,158426,158428,158430,158432],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158409,3768],{"class":71},[65,158411,76],{"class":75},[65,158413,648],{"class":79},[65,158415,2476],{"class":96},[65,158417,100],{"class":79},[65,158419,7940],{"class":96},[65,158421,100],{"class":79},[65,158423,7945],{"class":96},[65,158425,100],{"class":79},[65,158427,50766],{"class":96},[65,158429,100],{"class":79},[65,158431,5233],{"class":96},[65,158433,174],{"class":79},[65,158435,158436],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,158437,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,158439,158440,158442,158444,158446,158448,158450,158452,158454,158456,158458,158460],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,158441,165],{"class":164},[65,158443,168],{"class":79},[65,158445,3800],{"class":147},[65,158447,4054],{"class":79},[65,158449,2650],{"class":96},[65,158451,93],{"class":79},[65,158453,3135],{"class":96},[65,158455,93],{"class":79},[65,158457,2169],{"class":75},[65,158459,3135],{"class":96},[65,158461,4042],{"class":79},[20,158463,191],{},[56,158465,158467],{"className":58,"code":158466,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158468,158469],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158470,158471,158473,158475,158477,158479,158481,158483],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158472,168],{"class":79},[65,158474,76721],{"class":96},[65,158476,100],{"class":79},[65,158478,50766],{"class":96},[65,158480,100],{"class":79},[65,158482,7945],{"class":96},[65,158484,174],{"class":79},[20,158486,158487],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[56,158489,158491],{"className":58,"code":158490,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158492,158493,158513,158517],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158494,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503,158505,158507,158509,158511],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158496,3768],{"class":71},[65,158498,76],{"class":75},[65,158500,648],{"class":79},[65,158502,2476],{"class":96},[65,158504,100],{"class":79},[65,158506,7940],{"class":96},[65,158508,100],{"class":79},[65,158510,7945],{"class":96},[65,158512,174],{"class":79},[65,158514,158515],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,158516,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,158518,158519,158521,158523,158525,158527,158529],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,158520,165],{"class":164},[65,158522,168],{"class":79},[65,158524,3800],{"class":147},[65,158526,74049],{"class":79},[65,158528,2267],{"class":96},[65,158530,4042],{"class":79},[20,158532,158533],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[51,158535,158537],{"id":158536},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158539,158540,158541,33653],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[46,158542,48875],{},[1059,158544,158546],{"id":158545},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[56,158548,158550],{"className":58,"code":158549,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158551,158552,158576,158580,158598,158602,158612],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158553,158554,158556,158558,158560,158562,158564,158566,158568,158570,158572,158574],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158555,3768],{"class":71},[65,158557,76],{"class":75},[65,158559,648],{"class":79},[65,158561,2476],{"class":96},[65,158563,100],{"class":79},[65,158565,7940],{"class":96},[65,158567,100],{"class":79},[65,158569,7945],{"class":96},[65,158571,100],{"class":79},[65,158573,50766],{"class":96},[65,158575,174],{"class":79},[65,158577,158578],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,158579,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,158581,158582,158584,158586,158588,158590,158592,158594,158596],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,158583,401],{"class":71},[65,158585,76],{"class":75},[65,158587,4419],{"class":71},[65,158589,4054],{"class":79},[65,158591,3135],{"class":96},[65,158593,93],{"class":79},[65,158595,2210],{"class":96},[65,158597,3786],{"class":79},[65,158599,158600],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,158601,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,158603,158604,158606,158608,158610],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,158605,165],{"class":164},[65,158607,168],{"class":79},[65,158609,425],{"class":147},[65,158611,174],{"class":79},[65,158613,158614,158616,158618,158620,158622,158624],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,158615,165],{"class":164},[65,158617,168],{"class":79},[65,158619,3370],{"class":1368},[65,158621,168],{"class":79},[65,158623,425],{"class":147},[65,158625,1870],{"class":79},[20,158627,191],{},[56,158629,158631],{"className":58,"code":158630,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158632,158633,158645],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158634,158635,158637,158639,158641,158643],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158636,168],{"class":79},[65,158638,15876],{"class":96},[65,158640,100],{"class":79},[65,158642,7945],{"class":96},[65,158644,174],{"class":79},[65,158646,158647,158649,158651,158653,158655,158657],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,158648,3439],{"class":75},[65,158650,3442],{"class":1696},[65,158652,233],{"class":83},[65,158654,48875],{"class":87},[65,158656,203],{"class":83},[65,158658,3451],{"class":75},[1059,158660,158662],{"id":158661},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[56,158664,158666],{"className":58,"code":158665,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158667,158668,158688,158692,158710,158714,158724],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158669,158670,158672,158674,158676,158678,158680,158682,158684,158686],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158671,3768],{"class":71},[65,158673,76],{"class":75},[65,158675,648],{"class":79},[65,158677,2476],{"class":96},[65,158679,100],{"class":79},[65,158681,7940],{"class":96},[65,158683,100],{"class":79},[65,158685,7945],{"class":96},[65,158687,174],{"class":79},[65,158689,158690],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,158691,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,158693,158694,158696,158698,158700,158702,158704,158706,158708],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,158695,401],{"class":71},[65,158697,76],{"class":75},[65,158699,4419],{"class":71},[65,158701,4054],{"class":79},[65,158703,3135],{"class":96},[65,158705,93],{"class":79},[65,158707,2204],{"class":96},[65,158709,3786],{"class":79},[65,158711,158712],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,158713,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,158715,158716,158718,158720,158722],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,158717,165],{"class":164},[65,158719,168],{"class":79},[65,158721,425],{"class":147},[65,158723,174],{"class":79},[65,158725,158726,158728,158730,158732,158734,158736],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,158727,165],{"class":164},[65,158729,168],{"class":79},[65,158731,3370],{"class":1368},[65,158733,168],{"class":79},[65,158735,425],{"class":147},[65,158737,1870],{"class":79},[20,158739,191],{},[56,158741,158743],{"className":58,"code":158742,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158744,158745,158753],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158746,158747,158749,158751],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158748,168],{"class":79},[65,158750,15876],{"class":96},[65,158752,149272],{"class":79},[65,158754,158755,158757,158759,158761,158763,158765],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,158756,3439],{"class":75},[65,158758,3442],{"class":1696},[65,158760,233],{"class":83},[65,158762,48875],{"class":87},[65,158764,203],{"class":83},[65,158766,3451],{"class":75},[1059,158768,158770],{"id":158769},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[56,158772,158774],{"className":58,"code":158773,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158775,158776,158796,158800],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158777,158778,158780,158782,158784,158786,158788,158790,158792,158794],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158779,3768],{"class":71},[65,158781,76],{"class":75},[65,158783,648],{"class":79},[65,158785,2476],{"class":96},[65,158787,100],{"class":79},[65,158789,7940],{"class":96},[65,158791,100],{"class":79},[65,158793,7945],{"class":96},[65,158795,174],{"class":79},[65,158797,158798],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,158799,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,158801,158802,158804,158806,158808,158810,158812,158814,158816],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,158803,165],{"class":164},[65,158805,168],{"class":79},[65,158807,3800],{"class":147},[65,158809,4054],{"class":79},[65,158811,2284],{"class":96},[65,158813,93],{"class":79},[65,158815,2491],{"class":96},[65,158817,4042],{"class":79},[20,158819,191],{},[56,158821,158822],{"className":58,"code":151,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,158823,158824],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158825,158826],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158827,151],{"class":79},[20,158829,158830,158831,144],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[88,158832,156008],{"href":150895},[51,158834,158836],{"id":158835},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158838,158839],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,158841,158842,158844,158847,158852],{},[33,158843,76802],{},[33,158845,158846],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[33,158848,158849,158850],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158851,70658],{},[33,158853,158854],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158856,350],{},[56,158858,158860],{"className":58,"code":158859,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158861,158862,158882,158886,158903,158924],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158863,158864,158866,158868,158870,158872,158874,158876,158878,158880],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158865,3768],{"class":71},[65,158867,76],{"class":75},[65,158869,648],{"class":79},[65,158871,2476],{"class":96},[65,158873,100],{"class":79},[65,158875,7940],{"class":96},[65,158877,100],{"class":79},[65,158879,7945],{"class":96},[65,158881,174],{"class":79},[65,158883,158884],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,158885,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,158887,158888,158890,158892,158894,158896,158898,158900],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,158889,165],{"class":164},[65,158891,168],{"class":79},[65,158893,3800],{"class":147},[65,158895,4054],{"class":79},[65,158897,3135],{"class":96},[65,158899,20561],{"class":79},[65,158901,158902],{"class":3816},"    # one item\n",[65,158904,158905,158907,158909,158911,158913,158915,158917,158919,158921],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,158906,165],{"class":164},[65,158908,168],{"class":79},[65,158910,3800],{"class":147},[65,158912,4054],{"class":79},[65,158914,3135],{"class":96},[65,158916,93],{"class":79},[65,158918,2284],{"class":96},[65,158920,20561],{"class":79},[65,158922,158923],{"class":3816},"  # slice\n",[65,158925,158926,158928,158930,158932,158934,158936,158938,158940,158942],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,158927,165],{"class":164},[65,158929,168],{"class":79},[65,158931,3800],{"class":147},[65,158933,4054],{"class":79},[65,158935,2284],{"class":96},[65,158937,93],{"class":79},[65,158939,2491],{"class":96},[65,158941,20561],{"class":79},[65,158943,158944],{"class":3816},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158946,191],{},[56,158948,158950],{"className":58,"code":158949,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158951,158952,158956,158968],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158953,158954],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158955,71151],{"class":96},[65,158957,158958,158960,158962,158964,158966],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,158959,168],{"class":79},[65,158961,15876],{"class":96},[65,158963,100],{"class":79},[65,158965,7945],{"class":96},[65,158967,174],{"class":79},[65,158969,158970],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,158971,151],{"class":79},[20,158973,158974],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[56,158976,158978],{"className":58,"code":158977,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158979,158980,159000,159004],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,158981,158982,158984,158986,158988,158990,158992,158994,158996,158998],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,158983,3768],{"class":71},[65,158985,76],{"class":75},[65,158987,648],{"class":79},[65,158989,2476],{"class":96},[65,158991,100],{"class":79},[65,158993,7940],{"class":96},[65,158995,100],{"class":79},[65,158997,7945],{"class":96},[65,158999,174],{"class":79},[65,159001,159002],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,159003,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,159005,159006,159008,159010,159012,159014,159016],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,159007,165],{"class":164},[65,159009,168],{"class":79},[65,159011,3800],{"class":147},[65,159013,4054],{"class":79},[65,159015,2284],{"class":96},[65,159017,4042],{"class":79},[20,159019,159020,159021,159023,159024,144],{},"This raises an ",[15,159022,70658],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[88,159025,154761],{"href":159026},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[51,159028,15303],{"id":77069},[20,159030,159031],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[30,159033,159034,159037,159039,159042],{},[33,159035,159036],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[33,159038,60618],{},[33,159040,159041],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[33,159043,159044,159045],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159046,2267],{},[20,159048,159049],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1059,159051,159053],{"id":159052},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[56,159055,159056],{"className":58,"code":157856,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,159057,159058,159086,159090],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159059,159060,159062,159064,159066,159068,159070,159072,159074,159076,159078,159080,159082,159084],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159061,3768],{"class":71},[65,159063,76],{"class":75},[65,159065,648],{"class":79},[65,159067,2476],{"class":96},[65,159069,100],{"class":79},[65,159071,7940],{"class":96},[65,159073,100],{"class":79},[65,159075,7945],{"class":96},[65,159077,100],{"class":79},[65,159079,50766],{"class":96},[65,159081,100],{"class":79},[65,159083,5233],{"class":96},[65,159085,174],{"class":79},[65,159087,159088],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,159089,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,159091,159092,159094,159096,159098,159100,159102,159104,159106],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,159093,165],{"class":164},[65,159095,168],{"class":79},[65,159097,3800],{"class":147},[65,159099,4054],{"class":79},[65,159101,3135],{"class":96},[65,159103,93],{"class":79},[65,159105,2650],{"class":96},[65,159107,4042],{"class":79},[20,159109,191],{},[56,159111,159112],{"className":58,"code":157913,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,159113,159114],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159115,159116,159118,159120,159122,159124,159126,159128],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159117,168],{"class":79},[65,159119,15876],{"class":96},[65,159121,100],{"class":79},[65,159123,7945],{"class":96},[65,159125,100],{"class":79},[65,159127,50766],{"class":96},[65,159129,174],{"class":79},[20,159131,132340,159132,159134],{},[15,159133,2650],{}," is not included.",[1059,159136,159138],{"id":159137},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159140,4682],{},[56,159142,159144],{"className":58,"code":159143,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159145,159146,159170,159174],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159147,159148,159150,159152,159154,159156,159158,159160,159162,159164,159166,159168],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159149,3768],{"class":71},[65,159151,76],{"class":75},[65,159153,648],{"class":79},[65,159155,2476],{"class":96},[65,159157,100],{"class":79},[65,159159,7940],{"class":96},[65,159161,100],{"class":79},[65,159163,7945],{"class":96},[65,159165,100],{"class":79},[65,159167,50766],{"class":96},[65,159169,174],{"class":79},[65,159171,159172],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,159173,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,159175,159176],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,159177,159178],{"class":3816},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159180,159181],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[56,159183,159184],{"className":58,"code":154841,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,159185,159186,159210,159214],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159187,159188,159190,159192,159194,159196,159198,159200,159202,159204,159206,159208],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159189,3768],{"class":71},[65,159191,76],{"class":75},[65,159193,648],{"class":79},[65,159195,2476],{"class":96},[65,159197,100],{"class":79},[65,159199,7940],{"class":96},[65,159201,100],{"class":79},[65,159203,7945],{"class":96},[65,159205,100],{"class":79},[65,159207,50766],{"class":96},[65,159209,174],{"class":79},[65,159211,159212],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,159213,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,159215,159216,159218,159220,159222,159224,159226,159228,159230],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,159217,165],{"class":164},[65,159219,168],{"class":79},[65,159221,3800],{"class":147},[65,159223,4054],{"class":79},[65,159225,3135],{"class":96},[65,159227,93],{"class":79},[65,159229,2210],{"class":96},[65,159231,4042],{"class":79},[1059,159233,159235],{"id":159234},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[56,159237,159239],{"className":58,"code":159238,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159240,159241,159265,159269,159284,159288,159299],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159242,159243,159245,159247,159249,159251,159253,159255,159257,159259,159261,159263],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159244,3768],{"class":71},[65,159246,76],{"class":75},[65,159248,648],{"class":79},[65,159250,2476],{"class":96},[65,159252,100],{"class":79},[65,159254,7940],{"class":96},[65,159256,100],{"class":79},[65,159258,7945],{"class":96},[65,159260,100],{"class":79},[65,159262,50766],{"class":96},[65,159264,174],{"class":79},[65,159266,159267],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,159268,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,159270,159271,159274,159276,159278,159280,159282],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,159272,159273],{"class":71},"slice_result ",[65,159275,76],{"class":75},[65,159277,4419],{"class":71},[65,159279,75462],{"class":79},[65,159281,2204],{"class":96},[65,159283,3786],{"class":79},[65,159285,159286],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,159287,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,159289,159290,159292,159294,159297],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,159291,165],{"class":164},[65,159293,168],{"class":79},[65,159295,159296],{"class":147},"slice_result",[65,159298,174],{"class":79},[65,159300,159301,159303,159305,159307],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,159302,165],{"class":164},[65,159304,168],{"class":79},[65,159306,3800],{"class":147},[65,159308,174],{"class":79},[20,159310,191],{},[56,159312,159314],{"className":58,"code":159313,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159315,159316,159328],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159317,159318,159320,159322,159324,159326],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159319,168],{"class":79},[65,159321,2476],{"class":96},[65,159323,100],{"class":79},[65,159325,7940],{"class":96},[65,159327,174],{"class":79},[65,159329,159330,159332,159334,159336,159338,159340,159342,159344,159346],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,159331,168],{"class":79},[65,159333,2476],{"class":96},[65,159335,100],{"class":79},[65,159337,7940],{"class":96},[65,159339,100],{"class":79},[65,159341,7945],{"class":96},[65,159343,100],{"class":79},[65,159345,50766],{"class":96},[65,159347,174],{"class":79},[20,159349,159350],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[51,159352,113654],{"id":113653},[20,159354,159355],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[30,159357,159358,159361,159364,159370,159373],{},[33,159359,159360],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[33,159362,159363],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[33,159365,159366,159367],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159368,159369],{},"tuple[::0]",[33,159371,159372],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[33,159374,159375],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159377,159378],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[56,159380,159382],{"className":58,"code":159381,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159383,159384,159394,159412,159434],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159385,159386,159388,159390,159392],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159387,165],{"class":164},[65,159389,168],{"class":79},[65,159391,147934],{"class":147},[65,159393,174],{"class":79},[65,159395,159396,159398,159400,159402,159404,159406,159408,159410],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,159397,165],{"class":164},[65,159399,168],{"class":79},[65,159401,147934],{"class":147},[65,159403,4054],{"class":79},[65,159405,3135],{"class":96},[65,159407,93],{"class":79},[65,159409,2650],{"class":96},[65,159411,4042],{"class":79},[65,159413,159414,159416,159418,159420,159422,159424,159426,159428,159430,159432],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,159415,165],{"class":164},[65,159417,168],{"class":79},[65,159419,3370],{"class":1368},[65,159421,168],{"class":79},[65,159423,147934],{"class":147},[65,159425,4054],{"class":79},[65,159427,3135],{"class":96},[65,159429,93],{"class":79},[65,159431,2650],{"class":96},[65,159433,3146],{"class":79},[65,159435,159436,159438,159440,159442,159444,159446],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,159437,165],{"class":164},[65,159439,168],{"class":79},[65,159441,1863],{"class":164},[65,159443,168],{"class":79},[65,159445,147934],{"class":147},[65,159447,1870],{"class":79},[20,159449,11315],{},[30,159451,159452,159454,159457,159460],{},[33,159453,155148],{},[33,159455,159456],{},"what the slice actually returns",[33,159458,159459],{},"that the result is a tuple",[33,159461,159462],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[51,159464,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,159466,159468],{"id":159467},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159470,159471],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1059,159473,159475],{"id":159474},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159477,159478],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1059,159480,1953,159482,39878],{"id":159481},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159483,158301],{},[20,159485,159486],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1059,159488,159490,159491,2637],{"id":159489},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159492,70658],{},[20,159494,159495,159496,144],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159497,70658],{},[51,159499,2015],{"id":2014},[30,159501,159502,159506,159510,159514,159518],{},[33,159503,159504],{},[88,159505,156008],{"href":150895},[33,159507,159508],{},[88,159509,149589],{"href":153015},[33,159511,159512],{},[88,159513,150838],{"href":157172},[33,159515,159516],{},[88,159517,147916],{"href":157534},[33,159519,159520],{},[88,159521,154761],{"href":159026},[2071,159523,159524],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":159526},[159527,159528,159529,159530,159538,159542,159543,159548,159549,159554,159555,159563],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":157334,"depth":133,"text":157335},{"id":157537,"depth":133,"text":157538},{"id":75942,"depth":133,"text":75943,"children":159531},[159532,159534,159535,159536,159537],{"id":157695,"depth":154,"text":159533},"Get the first n items",{"id":157774,"depth":154,"text":157775},{"id":157852,"depth":154,"text":157853},{"id":157934,"depth":154,"text":157935},{"id":158016,"depth":154,"text":158017},{"id":76236,"depth":133,"text":76237,"children":159539},[159540,159541],{"id":158111,"depth":154,"text":158112},{"id":158195,"depth":154,"text":158196},{"id":158284,"depth":133,"text":158285},{"id":158536,"depth":133,"text":158537,"children":159544},[159545,159546,159547],{"id":158545,"depth":154,"text":158546},{"id":158661,"depth":154,"text":158662},{"id":158769,"depth":154,"text":158770},{"id":158835,"depth":133,"text":158836},{"id":77069,"depth":133,"text":15303,"children":159550},[159551,159552,159553],{"id":159052,"depth":154,"text":159053},{"id":159137,"depth":154,"text":159138},{"id":159234,"depth":154,"text":159235},{"id":113653,"depth":133,"text":113654},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":159556},[159557,159558,159559,159561],{"id":159467,"depth":154,"text":159468},{"id":159474,"depth":154,"text":159475},{"id":159481,"depth":154,"text":159560},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159489,"depth":154,"text":159562},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157178,"description":159564},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159571,"title":159572,"body":159573,"description":161396,"extension":2111,"meta":161397,"navigation":157,"path":34721,"seo":161398,"stem":161399,"__hash__":161400},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159574,"toc":161362},[159575,159580,159585,159589,159607,159610,159625,159631,159633,159690,159692,159724,159736,159742,159747,159750,159785,159791,159793,159796,159810,159813,159815,159838,159840,159858,159861,159877,159879,159882,159995,159997,160086,160089,160094,160100,160103,160106,160205,160207,160266,160271,160274,160343,160347,160379,160395,160400,160407,160414,160426,160428,160477,160479,160502,160508,160556,160561,160568,160576,160582,160585,160609,160612,160614,160690,160692,160717,160723,160726,160731,160735,160749,160751,160814,160816,160848,160851,160867,160869,160875,160882,160884,160903,160905,160923,160930,160935,160942,160944,160981,160984,160991,160995,160998,161056,161059,161062,161117,161119,161131,161137,161139,161143,161176,161183,161185,161248,161251,161253,161258,161272,161279,161287,161296,161305,161311,161317,161319,161359],[10,159576,3724,159578,3728],{"id":159577},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159579,2447],{},[20,159581,32228,159582,159584],{},[15,159583,2447],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159586,62693,159587,104498],{},[15,159588,2447],{},[30,159590,159591,159594,159597,159600],{},[33,159592,159593],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[33,159595,159596],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[33,159598,159599],{},"debug confusing code",[33,159601,159602,159603],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[88,159604,159605],{"href":8370},[15,159606,3104],{},[20,159608,159609],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[56,159611,159613],{"className":58,"code":159612,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"type(object)\n",[15,159614,159615],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159616,159617,159619,159621,159623],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159618,3370],{"class":1368},[65,159620,168],{"class":79},[65,159622,42318],{"class":1368},[65,159624,174],{"class":79},[20,159626,159627,159628,159630],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159629,2447],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[51,159632,3758],{"id":3757},[56,159634,159636],{"className":58,"code":159635,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159637,159638,159650,159664,159668,159676],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159639,159640,159642,159644,159646,159648],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159641,8027],{"class":71},[65,159643,76],{"class":75},[65,159645,103],{"class":83},[65,159647,378],{"class":87},[65,159649,1650],{"class":83},[65,159651,159652,159654,159656,159658,159660,159662],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,159653,165],{"class":164},[65,159655,168],{"class":79},[65,159657,3370],{"class":1368},[65,159659,168],{"class":79},[65,159661,369],{"class":147},[65,159663,1870],{"class":79},[65,159665,159666],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,159667,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,159669,159670,159672,159674],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,159671,2363],{"class":71},[65,159673,76],{"class":75},[65,159675,2733],{"class":96},[65,159677,159678,159680,159682,159684,159686,159688],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,159679,165],{"class":164},[65,159681,168],{"class":79},[65,159683,3370],{"class":1368},[65,159685,168],{"class":79},[65,159687,2385],{"class":147},[65,159689,1870],{"class":79},[20,159691,191],{},[56,159693,159694],{"className":58,"code":125001,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,159695,159696,159710],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159697,159698,159700,159702,159704,159706,159708],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159699,3439],{"class":75},[65,159701,3442],{"class":1696},[65,159703,233],{"class":83},[65,159705,3591],{"class":87},[65,159707,203],{"class":83},[65,159709,3451],{"class":75},[65,159711,159712,159714,159716,159718,159720,159722],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,159713,3439],{"class":75},[65,159715,3442],{"class":1696},[65,159717,233],{"class":83},[65,159719,2335],{"class":87},[65,159721,203],{"class":83},[65,159723,3451],{"class":75},[20,159725,1309,159726,159729,159730,1048,159733,144],{},[15,159727,159728],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159731,159732],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159734,159735],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[51,159737,13126,159739,159741],{"id":159738},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159740,2447],{}," function does",[20,159743,159744,159746],{},[15,159745,2447],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159748,159749],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[30,159751,159752,159757,159762,159767,159772,159777],{},[33,159753,159754,159756],{},[15,159755,3591],{}," for text",[33,159758,159759,159761],{},[15,159760,2335],{}," for whole numbers",[33,159763,159764,159766],{},[15,159765,2338],{}," for decimal numbers",[33,159768,159769,159771],{},[15,159770,8244],{}," for lists",[33,159773,159774,159776],{},[15,159775,8972],{}," for dictionaries",[33,159778,159779,69022,159781,1048,159783],{},[15,159780,4021],{},[15,159782,3753],{},[15,159784,3827],{},[20,159786,159787,159788,159790],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159789,2447],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[51,159792,283],{"id":282},[20,159794,159795],{},"The main beginner form is:",[56,159797,159798],{"className":58,"code":159612,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,159799,159800],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159801,159802,159804,159806,159808],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159803,3370],{"class":1368},[65,159805,168],{"class":79},[65,159807,42318],{"class":1368},[65,159809,174],{"class":79},[20,159811,159812],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159814,350],{},[56,159816,159818],{"className":58,"code":159817,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159819,159820],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159821,159822,159824,159826,159828,159830,159832,159834,159836],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159823,165],{"class":164},[65,159825,168],{"class":79},[65,159827,3370],{"class":1368},[65,159829,168],{"class":79},[65,159831,84],{"class":83},[65,159833,3998],{"class":87},[65,159835,84],{"class":83},[65,159837,1870],{"class":79},[20,159839,191],{},[56,159841,159842],{"className":58,"code":45691,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,159843,159844],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159845,159846,159848,159850,159852,159854,159856],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159847,3439],{"class":75},[65,159849,3442],{"class":1696},[65,159851,233],{"class":83},[65,159853,3591],{"class":87},[65,159855,203],{"class":83},[65,159857,3451],{"class":75},[20,159859,159860],{},"You can pass either:",[30,159862,159863,159870],{},[33,159864,159865,159866,3024,159868],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159867,64461],{},[15,159869,46447],{},[33,159871,159872,159873,3024,159875],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159874,369],{},[15,159876,387],{},[51,159878,121813],{"id":121812},[20,159880,159881],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[56,159883,159885],{"className":58,"code":159884,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159886,159887,159905,159919,159933,159955,159981],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,159888,159889,159891,159893,159895,159897,159899,159901,159903],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,159890,165],{"class":164},[65,159892,168],{"class":79},[65,159894,3370],{"class":1368},[65,159896,168],{"class":79},[65,159898,84],{"class":83},[65,159900,3998],{"class":87},[65,159902,84],{"class":83},[65,159904,1870],{"class":79},[65,159906,159907,159909,159911,159913,159915,159917],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,159908,165],{"class":164},[65,159910,168],{"class":79},[65,159912,3370],{"class":1368},[65,159914,168],{"class":79},[65,159916,2476],{"class":96},[65,159918,1870],{"class":79},[65,159920,159921,159923,159925,159927,159929,159931],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,159922,165],{"class":164},[65,159924,168],{"class":79},[65,159926,3370],{"class":1368},[65,159928,168],{"class":79},[65,159930,40061],{"class":96},[65,159932,1870],{"class":79},[65,159934,159935,159937,159939,159941,159943,159945,159947,159949,159951,159953],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,159936,165],{"class":164},[65,159938,168],{"class":79},[65,159940,3370],{"class":1368},[65,159942,3132],{"class":79},[65,159944,3135],{"class":96},[65,159946,100],{"class":79},[65,159948,113],{"class":96},[65,159950,100],{"class":79},[65,159952,127],{"class":96},[65,159954,3146],{"class":79},[65,159956,159957,159959,159961,159963,159965,159967,159969,159971,159973,159975,159977,159979],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,159958,165],{"class":164},[65,159960,168],{"class":79},[65,159962,3370],{"class":1368},[65,159964,5681],{"class":79},[65,159966,84],{"class":83},[65,159968,369],{"class":87},[65,159970,84],{"class":83},[65,159972,93],{"class":79},[65,159974,103],{"class":83},[65,159976,378],{"class":87},[65,159978,84],{"class":83},[65,159980,5690],{"class":79},[65,159982,159983,159985,159987,159989,159991,159993],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,159984,165],{"class":164},[65,159986,168],{"class":79},[65,159988,3370],{"class":1368},[65,159990,168],{"class":79},[65,159992,3753],{"class":4005},[65,159994,1870],{"class":79},[20,159996,191],{},[56,159998,160000],{"className":58,"code":159999,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160001,160002,160016,160030,160044,160058,160072],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160003,160004,160006,160008,160010,160012,160014],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160005,3439],{"class":75},[65,160007,3442],{"class":1696},[65,160009,233],{"class":83},[65,160011,3591],{"class":87},[65,160013,203],{"class":83},[65,160015,3451],{"class":75},[65,160017,160018,160020,160022,160024,160026,160028],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,160019,3439],{"class":75},[65,160021,3442],{"class":1696},[65,160023,233],{"class":83},[65,160025,2335],{"class":87},[65,160027,203],{"class":83},[65,160029,3451],{"class":75},[65,160031,160032,160034,160036,160038,160040,160042],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,160033,3439],{"class":75},[65,160035,3442],{"class":1696},[65,160037,233],{"class":83},[65,160039,2338],{"class":87},[65,160041,203],{"class":83},[65,160043,3451],{"class":75},[65,160045,160046,160048,160050,160052,160054,160056],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,160047,3439],{"class":75},[65,160049,3442],{"class":1696},[65,160051,233],{"class":83},[65,160053,8244],{"class":87},[65,160055,203],{"class":83},[65,160057,3451],{"class":75},[65,160059,160060,160062,160064,160066,160068,160070],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,160061,3439],{"class":75},[65,160063,3442],{"class":1696},[65,160065,233],{"class":83},[65,160067,8972],{"class":87},[65,160069,203],{"class":83},[65,160071,3451],{"class":75},[65,160073,160074,160076,160078,160080,160082,160084],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,160075,3439],{"class":75},[65,160077,3442],{"class":1696},[65,160079,233],{"class":83},[65,160081,4021],{"class":87},[65,160083,203],{"class":83},[65,160085,3451],{"class":75},[20,160087,160088],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160090,160091,160092,144],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[88,160093,44718],{"href":48900},[51,160095,8569,160097,160099],{"id":160096},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160098,2447],{}," with variables",[20,160101,160102],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160104,160105],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[56,160107,160109],{"className":58,"code":160108,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160110,160111,160119,160137,160141,160153,160171,160175,160187],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160112,160113,160115,160117],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160114,1189],{"class":71},[65,160116,76],{"class":75},[65,160118,2733],{"class":96},[65,160120,160121,160123,160125,160127,160129,160131,160133,160135],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,160122,165],{"class":164},[65,160124,168],{"class":79},[65,160126,1714],{"class":147},[65,160128,100],{"class":79},[65,160130,49312],{"class":1368},[65,160132,168],{"class":79},[65,160134,1714],{"class":147},[65,160136,1870],{"class":79},[65,160138,160139],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,160140,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,160142,160143,160145,160147,160149,160151],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,160144,1189],{"class":71},[65,160146,76],{"class":75},[65,160148,103],{"class":83},[65,160150,45828],{"class":87},[65,160152,1650],{"class":83},[65,160154,160155,160157,160159,160161,160163,160165,160167,160169],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,160156,165],{"class":164},[65,160158,168],{"class":79},[65,160160,1714],{"class":147},[65,160162,100],{"class":79},[65,160164,49312],{"class":1368},[65,160166,168],{"class":79},[65,160168,1714],{"class":147},[65,160170,1870],{"class":79},[65,160172,160173],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,160174,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,160176,160177,160179,160181,160183,160185],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,160178,1189],{"class":71},[65,160180,76],{"class":75},[65,160182,3773],{"class":79},[65,160184,2476],{"class":96},[65,160186,3786],{"class":79},[65,160188,160189,160191,160193,160195,160197,160199,160201,160203],{"class":67,"line":1229},[65,160190,165],{"class":164},[65,160192,168],{"class":79},[65,160194,1714],{"class":147},[65,160196,100],{"class":79},[65,160198,49312],{"class":1368},[65,160200,168],{"class":79},[65,160202,1714],{"class":147},[65,160204,1870],{"class":79},[20,160206,191],{},[56,160208,160210],{"className":58,"code":160209,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160211,160212,160229,160246],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160213,160214,160216,160219,160221,160223,160225,160227],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160215,2476],{"class":96},[65,160217,160218],{"class":75}," \u003C",[65,160220,3442],{"class":1696},[65,160222,233],{"class":83},[65,160224,2335],{"class":87},[65,160226,203],{"class":83},[65,160228,3451],{"class":75},[65,160230,160231,160234,160236,160238,160240,160242,160244],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,160232,160233],{"class":71},"ten ",[65,160235,3439],{"class":75},[65,160237,3442],{"class":1696},[65,160239,233],{"class":83},[65,160241,3591],{"class":87},[65,160243,203],{"class":83},[65,160245,3451],{"class":75},[65,160247,160248,160250,160252,160254,160256,160258,160260,160262,160264],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,160249,4054],{"class":79},[65,160251,2476],{"class":96},[65,160253,13402],{"class":79},[65,160255,160218],{"class":75},[65,160257,3442],{"class":1696},[65,160259,233],{"class":83},[65,160261,8244],{"class":87},[65,160263,203],{"class":83},[65,160265,3451],{"class":75},[20,160267,160268,160270],{},[15,160269,2447],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160272,160273],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[56,160275,160277],{"className":58,"code":160276,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160278,160279,160297,160311,160315,160329],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160280,160281,160283,160285,160287,160289,160291,160293,160295],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160282,3539],{"class":71},[65,160284,76],{"class":75},[65,160286,8393],{"class":164},[65,160288,168],{"class":79},[65,160290,84],{"class":83},[65,160292,41790],{"class":87},[65,160294,84],{"class":83},[65,160296,174],{"class":79},[65,160298,160299,160301,160303,160305,160307,160309],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,160300,165],{"class":164},[65,160302,168],{"class":79},[65,160304,3370],{"class":1368},[65,160306,168],{"class":79},[65,160308,3565],{"class":147},[65,160310,1870],{"class":79},[65,160312,160313],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,160314,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,160316,160317,160319,160321,160323,160325,160327],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,160318,122925],{"class":71},[65,160320,76],{"class":75},[65,160322,45197],{"class":1368},[65,160324,168],{"class":79},[65,160326,3565],{"class":147},[65,160328,174],{"class":79},[65,160330,160331,160333,160335,160337,160339,160341],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,160332,165],{"class":164},[65,160334,168],{"class":79},[65,160336,3370],{"class":1368},[65,160338,168],{"class":79},[65,160340,122948],{"class":147},[65,160342,1870],{"class":79},[20,160344,41039,160345,41043],{},[15,160346,9344],{},[56,160348,160349],{"className":58,"code":125001,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,160350,160351,160365],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160352,160353,160355,160357,160359,160361,160363],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160354,3439],{"class":75},[65,160356,3442],{"class":1696},[65,160358,233],{"class":83},[65,160360,3591],{"class":87},[65,160362,203],{"class":83},[65,160364,3451],{"class":75},[65,160366,160367,160369,160371,160373,160375,160377],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,160368,3439],{"class":75},[65,160370,3442],{"class":1696},[65,160372,233],{"class":83},[65,160374,2335],{"class":87},[65,160376,203],{"class":83},[65,160378,3451],{"class":75},[20,160380,45624,160381,160385,160386,3024,160390,160394],{},[88,160382,160383],{"href":8370},[15,160384,3104],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[88,160387,160388],{"href":3020},[15,160389,3023],{},[88,160391,160392],{"href":3027},[15,160393,3030],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160396,160397,160398,144],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[88,160399,9132],{"href":9131},[51,160401,160403,10729,160405],{"id":160402},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160404,2447],{},[15,160406,44726],{},[20,160408,160409,1048,160411,160413],{},[15,160410,2447],{},[15,160412,44726],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[30,160415,160416,160421],{},[33,160417,160418,160420],{},[15,160419,2447],{}," tells you the exact type",[33,160422,160423,160425],{},[15,160424,44726],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160427,350],{},[56,160429,160431],{"className":58,"code":160430,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160432,160433,160441,160445,160459],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160434,160435,160437,160439],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160436,1189],{"class":71},[65,160438,76],{"class":75},[65,160440,34755],{"class":96},[65,160442,160443],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,160444,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,160446,160447,160449,160451,160453,160455,160457],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,160448,165],{"class":164},[65,160450,168],{"class":79},[65,160452,3370],{"class":1368},[65,160454,168],{"class":79},[65,160456,1714],{"class":147},[65,160458,1870],{"class":79},[65,160460,160461,160463,160465,160467,160469,160471,160473,160475],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,160462,165],{"class":164},[65,160464,168],{"class":79},[65,160466,48797],{"class":164},[65,160468,168],{"class":79},[65,160470,1714],{"class":147},[65,160472,100],{"class":79},[65,160474,45197],{"class":1368},[65,160476,1870],{"class":79},[20,160478,191],{},[56,160480,160482],{"className":58,"code":160481,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160483,160484,160498],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160485,160486,160488,160490,160492,160494,160496],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160487,3439],{"class":75},[65,160489,3442],{"class":1696},[65,160491,233],{"class":83},[65,160493,2335],{"class":87},[65,160495,203],{"class":83},[65,160497,3451],{"class":75},[65,160499,160500],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,160501,4134],{"class":4005},[20,160503,160504,160505,160507],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160506,44726],{}," is more practical.",[56,160509,160511],{"className":58,"code":160510,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160512,160513,160521,160525,160541],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160514,160515,160517,160519],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160516,1189],{"class":71},[65,160518,76],{"class":75},[65,160520,34755],{"class":96},[65,160522,160523],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,160524,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,160526,160527,160529,160531,160533,160535,160537,160539],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,160528,1406],{"class":1405},[65,160530,49535],{"class":164},[65,160532,168],{"class":79},[65,160534,1714],{"class":147},[65,160536,100],{"class":79},[65,160538,45197],{"class":1368},[65,160540,8493],{"class":79},[65,160542,160543,160545,160547,160549,160552,160554],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,160544,1431],{"class":164},[65,160546,168],{"class":79},[65,160548,84],{"class":83},[65,160550,160551],{"class":87},"This is an integer",[65,160553,84],{"class":83},[65,160555,174],{"class":79},[20,160557,1309,160558,160560],{},[15,160559,2447],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160562,1309,160563,160565,160566,7322],{},[15,160564,44726],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160567,1406],{},[20,160569,160570,160571,144],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[88,160572,3724,160574,3657],{"href":160573},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160575,44726],{},[51,160577,160579,160580],{"id":160578},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160581,2447],{},[20,160583,160584],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[56,160586,160588],{"className":58,"code":160587,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160589,160590],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160591,160592,160594,160596,160598,160600,160603,160605,160607],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160593,3370],{"class":1368},[65,160595,168],{"class":79},[65,160597,369],{"class":147},[65,160599,100],{"class":79},[65,160601,160602],{"class":147}," bases",[65,160604,100],{"class":79},[65,160606,9321],{"class":1368},[65,160608,174],{"class":79},[20,160610,160611],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160613,350],{},[56,160615,160617],{"className":58,"code":160616,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160618,160619,160662,160666,160676],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160620,160621,160624,160626,160628,160630,160632,160635,160637,160639,160642,160644,160646,160649,160651,160653,160655,160658,160660],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160622,160623],{"class":71},"Person ",[65,160625,76],{"class":75},[65,160627,49312],{"class":1368},[65,160629,168],{"class":79},[65,160631,84],{"class":83},[65,160633,160634],{"class":87},"Person",[65,160636,84],{"class":83},[65,160638,100],{"class":79},[65,160640,160641],{"class":79}," (),",[65,160643,80],{"class":79},[65,160645,84],{"class":83},[65,160647,160648],{"class":87},"species",[65,160650,84],{"class":83},[65,160652,93],{"class":79},[65,160654,103],{"class":83},[65,160656,160657],{"class":87},"human",[65,160659,84],{"class":83},[65,160661,30406],{"class":79},[65,160663,160664],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,160665,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,160667,160668,160670,160672,160674],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,160669,165],{"class":164},[65,160671,168],{"class":79},[65,160673,160634],{"class":147},[65,160675,174],{"class":79},[65,160677,160678,160680,160682,160684,160686,160688],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,160679,165],{"class":164},[65,160681,168],{"class":79},[65,160683,160634],{"class":147},[65,160685,144],{"class":79},[65,160687,160648],{"class":24857},[65,160689,174],{"class":79},[20,160691,191],{},[56,160693,160695],{"className":58,"code":160694,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160696,160697,160712],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160698,160699,160701,160703,160705,160708,160710],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160700,3439],{"class":75},[65,160702,3442],{"class":1696},[65,160704,233],{"class":83},[65,160706,160707],{"class":87},"__main__.Person",[65,160709,203],{"class":83},[65,160711,3451],{"class":75},[65,160713,160714],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,160715,160716],{"class":71},"human\n",[20,160718,160719,160720,160722],{},"Most beginners do ",[46,160721,1014],{}," need this form.",[20,160724,160725],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[51,160727,1553,160729],{"id":160728},"when-to-use-type",[15,160730,2447],{},[20,160732,160733,12580],{},[15,160734,2447],{},[30,160736,160737,160740,160743,160746],{},[33,160738,160739],{},"debug unexpected values",[33,160741,160742],{},"check what a conversion produced",[33,160744,160745],{},"learn Python data types",[33,160747,160748],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160750,5624],{},[56,160752,160754],{"className":58,"code":160753,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160755,160756,160768,160782,160786,160800],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160757,160758,160760,160762,160764,160766],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160759,34600],{"class":71},[65,160761,76],{"class":75},[65,160763,103],{"class":83},[65,160765,50168],{"class":87},[65,160767,1650],{"class":83},[65,160769,160770,160772,160774,160776,160778,160780],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,160771,2363],{"class":71},[65,160773,76],{"class":75},[65,160775,45197],{"class":1368},[65,160777,168],{"class":79},[65,160779,34621],{"class":147},[65,160781,174],{"class":79},[65,160783,160784],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,160785,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,160787,160788,160790,160792,160794,160796,160798],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,160789,165],{"class":164},[65,160791,168],{"class":79},[65,160793,3370],{"class":1368},[65,160795,168],{"class":79},[65,160797,34621],{"class":147},[65,160799,1870],{"class":79},[65,160801,160802,160804,160806,160808,160810,160812],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,160803,165],{"class":164},[65,160805,168],{"class":79},[65,160807,3370],{"class":1368},[65,160809,168],{"class":79},[65,160811,2385],{"class":147},[65,160813,1870],{"class":79},[20,160815,191],{},[56,160817,160818],{"className":58,"code":125001,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,160819,160820,160834],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160821,160822,160824,160826,160828,160830,160832],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160823,3439],{"class":75},[65,160825,3442],{"class":1696},[65,160827,233],{"class":83},[65,160829,3591],{"class":87},[65,160831,203],{"class":83},[65,160833,3451],{"class":75},[65,160835,160836,160838,160840,160842,160844,160846],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,160837,3439],{"class":75},[65,160839,3442],{"class":1696},[65,160841,233],{"class":83},[65,160843,2335],{"class":87},[65,160845,203],{"class":83},[65,160847,3451],{"class":75},[20,160849,160850],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160852,160853,160854,1028,160858,1035,160862,160866],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[88,160855,160856],{"href":42094},[15,160857,47605],{},[88,160859,160860],{"href":3020},[15,160861,3023],{},[88,160863,160864],{"href":3027},[15,160865,3030],{}," are often the next step.",[51,160868,25465],{"id":25464},[20,160870,160871,160872,160874],{},"A few things about ",[15,160873,2447],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1059,160876,160878,160881],{"id":160877},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160879,160880],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160883,64570],{},[56,160885,160887],{"className":58,"code":160886,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160888,160889],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160890,160891,160893,160895,160897,160899,160901],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160892,165],{"class":164},[65,160894,168],{"class":79},[65,160896,3370],{"class":1368},[65,160898,168],{"class":79},[65,160900,2284],{"class":96},[65,160902,1870],{"class":79},[20,160904,122844],{},[56,160906,160907],{"className":58,"code":156356,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,160908,160909],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160910,160911,160913,160915,160917,160919,160921],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160912,3439],{"class":75},[65,160914,3442],{"class":1696},[65,160916,233],{"class":83},[65,160918,2335],{"class":87},[65,160920,203],{"class":83},[65,160922,3451],{"class":75},[20,160924,40824,160925,160927,160928,144],{},[46,160926,1014],{}," print just ",[15,160929,2335],{},[20,160931,6827,160932,160934],{},[15,160933,2447],{}," returns a class object.",[1059,160936,160938,2543,160940],{"id":160937},"input-returns-str",[15,160939,3104],{},[15,160941,3591],{},[20,160943,79469],{},[56,160945,160947],{"className":58,"code":160946,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160948,160949,160967],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,160950,160951,160953,160955,160957,160959,160961,160963,160965],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,160952,1189],{"class":71},[65,160954,76],{"class":75},[65,160956,8393],{"class":164},[65,160958,168],{"class":79},[65,160960,84],{"class":83},[65,160962,46231],{"class":87},[65,160964,84],{"class":83},[65,160966,174],{"class":79},[65,160968,160969,160971,160973,160975,160977,160979],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,160970,165],{"class":164},[65,160972,168],{"class":79},[65,160974,3370],{"class":1368},[65,160976,168],{"class":79},[65,160978,1714],{"class":147},[65,160980,1870],{"class":79},[20,160982,160983],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160985,160986,160987,3024,160989,144],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160988,3023],{},[15,160990,3030],{},[1059,160992,160994],{"id":160993},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160996,160997],{},"Avoid code like this:",[56,160999,161001],{"className":58,"code":161000,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161002,161003,161011,161015,161041],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161004,161005,161007,161009],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161006,1189],{"class":71},[65,161008,76],{"class":75},[65,161010,34755],{"class":96},[65,161012,161013],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,161014,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,161016,161017,161019,161021,161023,161025,161027,161029,161031,161033,161035,161037,161039],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,161018,1406],{"class":1405},[65,161020,48826],{"class":1368},[65,161022,168],{"class":79},[65,161024,3370],{"class":1368},[65,161026,168],{"class":79},[65,161028,1714],{"class":147},[65,161030,5513],{"class":79},[65,161032,6561],{"class":75},[65,161034,103],{"class":83},[65,161036,159735],{"class":87},[65,161038,84],{"class":83},[65,161040,1411],{"class":79},[65,161042,161043,161045,161047,161049,161052,161054],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,161044,1431],{"class":164},[65,161046,168],{"class":79},[65,161048,84],{"class":83},[65,161050,161051],{"class":87},"It is an int",[65,161053,84],{"class":83},[65,161055,174],{"class":79},[20,161057,161058],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161060,161061],{},"Better options:",[56,161063,161065],{"className":58,"code":161064,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161066,161067,161075,161079,161099],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161068,161069,161071,161073],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161070,1189],{"class":71},[65,161072,76],{"class":75},[65,161074,34755],{"class":96},[65,161076,161077],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,161078,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,161080,161081,161083,161085,161087,161089,161091,161093,161095,161097],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,161082,165],{"class":164},[65,161084,168],{"class":79},[65,161086,3370],{"class":1368},[65,161088,168],{"class":79},[65,161090,1714],{"class":147},[65,161092,3813],{"class":79},[65,161094,6561],{"class":75},[65,161096,45197],{"class":1368},[65,161098,174],{"class":79},[65,161100,161101,161103,161105,161107,161109,161111,161113,161115],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,161102,165],{"class":164},[65,161104,168],{"class":79},[65,161106,48797],{"class":164},[65,161108,168],{"class":79},[65,161110,1714],{"class":147},[65,161112,100],{"class":79},[65,161114,45197],{"class":1368},[65,161116,1870],{"class":79},[20,161118,191],{},[56,161120,161121],{"className":58,"code":4661,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,161122,161123,161127],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161124,161125],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161126,4134],{"class":4005},[65,161128,161129],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,161130,4134],{"class":4005},[20,161132,161133,161134,161136],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161135,44726],{}," is the more useful check.",[51,161138,1766],{"id":1765},[20,161140,1769,161141,93],{},[15,161142,2447],{},[30,161144,161145,161155,161164,161173],{},[33,161146,8569,161147,161149,161150,161154],{},[15,161148,2447],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[88,161151,161152],{"href":8370},[15,161153,3104],{}," always returns a string",[33,161156,1792,161157,161159,161160,11237,161162],{},[15,161158,2447],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161161,2335],{},[15,161163,159735],{},[33,161165,8569,161166,44550,161169,161172],{},[15,161167,161168],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161170,161171],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[33,161174,161175],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161177,161178,161179,144],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[88,161180,161182],{"href":161181},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161184,144510],{},[56,161186,161188],{"className":58,"code":161187,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161189,161190,161204,161214,161228,161238],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161191,161192,161194,161196,161198,161200,161202],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161193,165],{"class":164},[65,161195,168],{"class":79},[65,161197,3370],{"class":1368},[65,161199,168],{"class":79},[65,161201,1714],{"class":147},[65,161203,1870],{"class":79},[65,161205,161206,161208,161210,161212],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,161207,165],{"class":164},[65,161209,168],{"class":79},[65,161211,1714],{"class":147},[65,161213,174],{"class":79},[65,161215,161216,161218,161220,161222,161224,161226],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,161217,165],{"class":164},[65,161219,168],{"class":79},[65,161221,41698],{"class":164},[65,161223,168],{"class":79},[65,161225,1714],{"class":147},[65,161227,1870],{"class":79},[65,161229,161230,161232,161234,161236],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,161231,32063],{"class":164},[65,161233,168],{"class":79},[65,161235,3370],{"class":1368},[65,161237,174],{"class":79},[65,161239,161240,161242,161244,161246],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,161241,34284],{"class":164},[65,161243,168],{"class":79},[65,161245,1714],{"class":147},[65,161247,174],{"class":79},[20,161249,161250],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[51,161252,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,161254,1953,161256,1956],{"id":161255},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161257,2447],{},[20,161259,161260,161261,1028,161263,1028,161265,2339,161267,161269,161270,144],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161262,3591],{},[15,161264,2335],{},[15,161266,8244],{},[15,161268,8972],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161271,159732],{},[1059,161273,15029,161275,57130,161277,2637],{"id":161274},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161276,2447],{},[15,161278,44726],{},[20,161280,46286,161281,161283,161284,161286],{},[15,161282,2447],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161285,44726],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1059,161288,5308,161290,161293,161294,2637],{"id":161289},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161291,161292],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161295,3591],{},[20,161297,707,161298,161300,161301,3024,161303,160394],{},[15,161299,3104],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161302,3023],{},[15,161304,3030],{},[1059,161306,5320,161308,161310],{"id":161307},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161309,2447],{}," create classes?",[20,161312,161313,161314,144],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161315,161316],{},"type(object)",[51,161318,2015],{"id":2014},[30,161320,161321,161325,161331,161337,161341,161347,161353],{},[33,161322,161323],{},[88,161324,44718],{"href":48900},[33,161326,161327],{},[88,161328,3724,161329,3657],{"href":160573},[15,161330,44726],{},[33,161332,161333],{},[88,161334,3724,161335,3657],{"href":8370},[15,161336,3104],{},[33,161338,161339],{},[88,161340,9209],{"href":9131},[33,161342,161343],{},[88,161344,3724,161345,3657],{"href":3020},[15,161346,3023],{},[33,161348,161349],{},[88,161350,3724,161351,3657],{"href":3027},[15,161352,3030],{},[33,161354,161355],{},[88,161356,3724,161357,3657],{"href":42094},[15,161358,47605],{},[2071,161360,161361],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":161363},[161364,161365,161367,161368,161369,161371,161373,161375,161377,161384,161385,161395],{"id":3757,"depth":133,"text":3758},{"id":159738,"depth":133,"text":161366},"What the type() function does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":121812,"depth":133,"text":121813},{"id":160096,"depth":133,"text":161370},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160402,"depth":133,"text":161372},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160578,"depth":133,"text":161374},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160728,"depth":133,"text":161376},"When to use type()",{"id":25464,"depth":133,"text":25465,"children":161378},[161379,161381,161383],{"id":160877,"depth":154,"text":161380},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160937,"depth":154,"text":161382},"input() returns str",{"id":160993,"depth":154,"text":160994},{"id":1765,"depth":133,"text":1766},{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":161386},[161387,161389,161391,161393],{"id":161255,"depth":154,"text":161388},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161274,"depth":154,"text":161390},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161289,"depth":154,"text":161392},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161307,"depth":154,"text":161394},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159572,"description":161396},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161402,"title":161403,"body":161404,"description":163883,"extension":2111,"meta":163884,"navigation":157,"path":163885,"seo":163886,"stem":163887,"__hash__":163888},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161405,"toc":163840},[161406,161411,161416,161425,161427,161527,161529,161554,161559,161564,161580,161583,161585,161587,161612,161615,161618,161701,161703,161752,161755,161877,161879,161952,161956,161959,162073,162075,162101,162103,162124,162129,162133,162138,162141,162245,162247,162264,162273,162276,162363,162365,162376,162381,162387,162392,162398,162401,162494,162496,162545,162551,162554,162655,162657,162710,162715,162719,162722,162821,162823,162862,162865,162870,162872,162877,162881,162994,162998,163095,163099,163187,163189,163206,163210,163333,163339,163345,163351,163356,163359,163386,163390,163392,163486,163489,163493,163496,163583,163586,163621,163623,163660,163663,163671,163676,163681,163755,163762,163764,163769,163772,163778,163781,163787,163792,163798,163803,163807,163810,163812,163837],[10,161407,3724,161409,3728],{"id":161408},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161410,64246],{},[20,161412,161413,161415],{},[15,161414,64246],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161417,161418,161419,161421,161422,161424],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161420,64246],{}," inside a ",[15,161423,6110],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[51,161426,54],{"id":53},[56,161428,161430],{"className":58,"code":161429,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161431,161432,161464,161484,161488,161513],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161433,161434,161436,161438,161440,161442,161444,161446,161448,161450,161452,161454,161456,161458,161460,161462],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161435,5150],{"class":71},[65,161437,76],{"class":75},[65,161439,3773],{"class":79},[65,161441,84],{"class":83},[65,161443,542],{"class":87},[65,161445,84],{"class":83},[65,161447,100],{"class":79},[65,161449,103],{"class":83},[65,161451,35855],{"class":87},[65,161453,84],{"class":83},[65,161455,100],{"class":79},[65,161457,103],{"class":83},[65,161459,35864],{"class":87},[65,161461,84],{"class":83},[65,161463,3786],{"class":79},[65,161465,161466,161468,161470,161472,161474,161476,161478,161480,161482],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,161467,519],{"class":71},[65,161469,76],{"class":75},[65,161471,3773],{"class":79},[65,161473,13631],{"class":96},[65,161475,100],{"class":79},[65,161477,13636],{"class":96},[65,161479,100],{"class":79},[65,161481,563],{"class":96},[65,161483,3786],{"class":79},[65,161485,161486],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,161487,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,161489,161490,161492,161494,161496,161498,161500,161503,161505,161507,161509,161511],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,161491,6110],{"class":1405},[65,161493,35906],{"class":71},[65,161495,100],{"class":79},[65,161497,5258],{"class":71},[65,161499,4036],{"class":1405},[65,161501,161502],{"class":164}," zip",[65,161504,168],{"class":79},[65,161506,5193],{"class":147},[65,161508,100],{"class":79},[65,161510,579],{"class":147},[65,161512,8493],{"class":79},[65,161514,161515,161517,161519,161521,161523,161525],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,161516,1431],{"class":164},[65,161518,168],{"class":79},[65,161520,369],{"class":147},[65,161522,100],{"class":79},[65,161524,130790],{"class":147},[65,161526,174],{"class":79},[20,161528,191],{},[56,161530,161532],{"className":58,"code":161531,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161533,161534,161540,161547],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161535,161536,161538],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161537,133809],{"class":71},[65,161539,33047],{"class":96},[65,161541,161542,161545],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,161543,161544],{"class":71},"Ben ",[65,161546,33052],{"class":96},[65,161548,161549,161552],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,161550,161551],{"class":71},"Cara ",[65,161553,33057],{"class":96},[20,161555,1309,161556,161558],{},[15,161557,64246],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[51,161560,252,161562,255],{"id":161561},"what-zip-does",[15,161563,64246],{},[30,161565,161566,161571,161574,161577],{},[33,161567,161568,161570],{},[15,161569,64246],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[33,161572,161573],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[33,161575,161576],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[33,161578,161579],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161581,161582],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[51,161584,283],{"id":282},[20,161586,7367],{},[56,161588,161590],{"className":58,"code":161589,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161591,161592],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161593,161594,161596,161598,161601,161603,161606,161608,161610],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161595,64316],{"class":164},[65,161597,168],{"class":79},[65,161599,161600],{"class":147},"iterable1",[65,161602,100],{"class":79},[65,161604,161605],{"class":147}," iterable2",[65,161607,100],{"class":79},[65,161609,34366],{"class":164},[65,161611,174],{"class":79},[20,161613,161614],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161616,161617],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[56,161619,161621],{"className":58,"code":161620,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161622,161623,161643,161675,161679],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161624,161625,161627,161629,161631,161633,161635,161637,161639,161641],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161626,3768],{"class":71},[65,161628,76],{"class":75},[65,161630,3773],{"class":79},[65,161632,3135],{"class":96},[65,161634,100],{"class":79},[65,161636,113],{"class":96},[65,161638,100],{"class":79},[65,161640,127],{"class":96},[65,161642,3786],{"class":79},[65,161644,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655,161657,161659,161661,161663,161665,161667,161669,161671,161673],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,161646,36005],{"class":71},[65,161648,76],{"class":75},[65,161650,3773],{"class":79},[65,161652,84],{"class":83},[65,161654,88],{"class":87},[65,161656,84],{"class":83},[65,161658,100],{"class":79},[65,161660,103],{"class":83},[65,161662,106],{"class":87},[65,161664,84],{"class":83},[65,161666,100],{"class":79},[65,161668,103],{"class":83},[65,161670,120],{"class":87},[65,161672,84],{"class":83},[65,161674,3786],{"class":79},[65,161676,161677],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,161678,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,161680,161681,161683,161685,161687,161689,161691,161693,161695,161697,161699],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,161682,165],{"class":164},[65,161684,168],{"class":79},[65,161686,8244],{"class":1368},[65,161688,168],{"class":79},[65,161690,64316],{"class":164},[65,161692,168],{"class":79},[65,161694,3800],{"class":147},[65,161696,100],{"class":79},[65,161698,70023],{"class":147},[65,161700,3058],{"class":79},[20,161702,191],{},[56,161704,161706],{"className":58,"code":161705,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161707,161708],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161709,161710,161712,161714,161716,161718,161720,161722,161724,161726,161728,161730,161732,161734,161736,161738,161740,161742,161744,161746,161748,161750],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161711,21852],{"class":79},[65,161713,3135],{"class":96},[65,161715,100],{"class":79},[65,161717,233],{"class":83},[65,161719,88],{"class":87},[65,161721,203],{"class":83},[65,161723,9383],{"class":79},[65,161725,648],{"class":79},[65,161727,2204],{"class":96},[65,161729,100],{"class":79},[65,161731,233],{"class":83},[65,161733,106],{"class":87},[65,161735,203],{"class":83},[65,161737,9383],{"class":79},[65,161739,648],{"class":79},[65,161741,2210],{"class":96},[65,161743,100],{"class":79},[65,161745,233],{"class":83},[65,161747,120],{"class":87},[65,161749,203],{"class":83},[65,161751,9398],{"class":79},[20,161753,161754],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[56,161756,161758],{"className":58,"code":161757,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161759,161760,161792,161812,161846,161850],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161761,161762,161764,161766,161768,161770,161772,161774,161776,161778,161780,161782,161784,161786,161788,161790],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161763,5150],{"class":71},[65,161765,76],{"class":75},[65,161767,3773],{"class":79},[65,161769,84],{"class":83},[65,161771,542],{"class":87},[65,161773,84],{"class":83},[65,161775,100],{"class":79},[65,161777,103],{"class":83},[65,161779,35855],{"class":87},[65,161781,84],{"class":83},[65,161783,100],{"class":79},[65,161785,103],{"class":83},[65,161787,35864],{"class":87},[65,161789,84],{"class":83},[65,161791,3786],{"class":79},[65,161793,161794,161796,161798,161800,161802,161804,161806,161808,161810],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,161795,519],{"class":71},[65,161797,76],{"class":75},[65,161799,3773],{"class":79},[65,161801,13631],{"class":96},[65,161803,100],{"class":79},[65,161805,13636],{"class":96},[65,161807,100],{"class":79},[65,161809,563],{"class":96},[65,161811,3786],{"class":79},[65,161813,161814,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161839,161842,161844],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,161815,161816],{"class":71},"grades ",[65,161818,76],{"class":75},[65,161820,3773],{"class":79},[65,161822,84],{"class":83},[65,161824,22355],{"class":87},[65,161826,84],{"class":83},[65,161828,100],{"class":79},[65,161830,103],{"class":83},[65,161832,30510],{"class":87},[65,161834,84],{"class":83},[65,161836,100],{"class":79},[65,161838,103],{"class":83},[65,161840,161841],{"class":87},"B+",[65,161843,84],{"class":83},[65,161845,3786],{"class":79},[65,161847,161848],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,161849,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,161851,161852,161854,161856,161858,161860,161862,161864,161866,161868,161870,161872,161875],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,161853,165],{"class":164},[65,161855,168],{"class":79},[65,161857,8244],{"class":1368},[65,161859,168],{"class":79},[65,161861,64316],{"class":164},[65,161863,168],{"class":79},[65,161865,5193],{"class":147},[65,161867,100],{"class":79},[65,161869,579],{"class":147},[65,161871,100],{"class":79},[65,161873,161874],{"class":147}," grades",[65,161876,3058],{"class":79},[20,161878,191],{},[56,161880,161882],{"className":58,"code":161881,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161883,161884],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161885,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904,161906,161908,161910,161912,161914,161916,161918,161920,161922,161924,161926,161928,161930,161932,161934,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161887,21852],{"class":79},[65,161889,203],{"class":83},[65,161891,542],{"class":87},[65,161893,203],{"class":83},[65,161895,100],{"class":79},[65,161897,20013],{"class":96},[65,161899,100],{"class":79},[65,161901,233],{"class":83},[65,161903,22355],{"class":87},[65,161905,203],{"class":83},[65,161907,9383],{"class":79},[65,161909,648],{"class":79},[65,161911,203],{"class":83},[65,161913,35855],{"class":87},[65,161915,203],{"class":83},[65,161917,100],{"class":79},[65,161919,13636],{"class":96},[65,161921,100],{"class":79},[65,161923,233],{"class":83},[65,161925,30510],{"class":87},[65,161927,203],{"class":83},[65,161929,9383],{"class":79},[65,161931,648],{"class":79},[65,161933,203],{"class":83},[65,161935,35864],{"class":87},[65,161937,203],{"class":83},[65,161939,100],{"class":79},[65,161941,563],{"class":96},[65,161943,100],{"class":79},[65,161945,233],{"class":83},[65,161947,161841],{"class":87},[65,161949,203],{"class":83},[65,161951,9398],{"class":79},[51,161953,161955],{"id":161954},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161957,161958],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[56,161960,161962],{"className":58,"code":161961,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161963,161964,161996,162016,162020,162044],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,161965,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974,161976,161978,161980,161982,161984,161986,161988,161990,161992,161994],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,161967,5150],{"class":71},[65,161969,76],{"class":75},[65,161971,3773],{"class":79},[65,161973,84],{"class":83},[65,161975,542],{"class":87},[65,161977,84],{"class":83},[65,161979,100],{"class":79},[65,161981,103],{"class":83},[65,161983,35855],{"class":87},[65,161985,84],{"class":83},[65,161987,100],{"class":79},[65,161989,103],{"class":83},[65,161991,35864],{"class":87},[65,161993,84],{"class":83},[65,161995,3786],{"class":79},[65,161997,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,161999,519],{"class":71},[65,162001,76],{"class":75},[65,162003,3773],{"class":79},[65,162005,13631],{"class":96},[65,162007,100],{"class":79},[65,162009,13636],{"class":96},[65,162011,100],{"class":79},[65,162013,563],{"class":96},[65,162015,3786],{"class":79},[65,162017,162018],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,162019,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,162021,162022,162024,162026,162028,162030,162032,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,162023,6110],{"class":1405},[65,162025,35906],{"class":71},[65,162027,100],{"class":79},[65,162029,5258],{"class":71},[65,162031,4036],{"class":1405},[65,162033,161502],{"class":164},[65,162035,168],{"class":79},[65,162037,5193],{"class":147},[65,162039,100],{"class":79},[65,162041,579],{"class":147},[65,162043,8493],{"class":79},[65,162045,162046,162048,162050,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060,162063,162065,162067,162069,162071],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,162047,1431],{"class":164},[65,162049,168],{"class":79},[65,162051,1697],{"class":1696},[65,162053,84],{"class":87},[65,162055,218],{"class":96},[65,162057,369],{"class":147},[65,162059,1706],{"class":96},[65,162061,162062],{"class":87}," scored ",[65,162064,218],{"class":96},[65,162066,85447],{"class":147},[65,162068,1706],{"class":96},[65,162070,84],{"class":87},[65,162072,174],{"class":79},[20,162074,191],{},[56,162076,162078],{"className":58,"code":162077,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162079,162080,162087,162094],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162081,162082,162085],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162083,162084],{"class":71},"Ana scored ",[65,162086,33047],{"class":96},[65,162088,162089,162092],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,162090,162091],{"class":71},"Ben scored ",[65,162093,33052],{"class":96},[65,162095,162096,162099],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,162097,162098],{"class":71},"Cara scored ",[65,162100,33057],{"class":96},[20,162102,44851],{},[30,162104,162105,162114,162117],{},[33,162106,162107,162110,162111],{},[15,162108,162109],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162112,162113],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[33,162115,162116],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[33,162118,162119,1048,162121,162123],{},[15,162120,369],{},[15,162122,85447],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162125,162126,162127,144],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[88,162128,69540],{"href":69539},[51,162130,162132],{"id":162131},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162134,162135,162137],{},[15,162136,64246],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162139,162140],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[56,162142,162144],{"className":58,"code":162143,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162145,162146,162187,162203,162207,162231],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162147,162148,162150,162152,162154,162156,162158,162160,162162,162164,162166,162168,162170,162172,162174,162176,162178,162180,162183,162185],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162149,5150],{"class":71},[65,162151,76],{"class":75},[65,162153,3773],{"class":79},[65,162155,84],{"class":83},[65,162157,542],{"class":87},[65,162159,84],{"class":83},[65,162161,100],{"class":79},[65,162163,103],{"class":83},[65,162165,35855],{"class":87},[65,162167,84],{"class":83},[65,162169,100],{"class":79},[65,162171,103],{"class":83},[65,162173,35864],{"class":87},[65,162175,84],{"class":83},[65,162177,100],{"class":79},[65,162179,103],{"class":83},[65,162181,162182],{"class":87},"Dan",[65,162184,84],{"class":83},[65,162186,3786],{"class":79},[65,162188,162189,162191,162193,162195,162197,162199,162201],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,162190,519],{"class":71},[65,162192,76],{"class":75},[65,162194,3773],{"class":79},[65,162196,13631],{"class":96},[65,162198,100],{"class":79},[65,162200,13636],{"class":96},[65,162202,3786],{"class":79},[65,162204,162205],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,162206,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,162208,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221,162223,162225,162227,162229],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,162210,6110],{"class":1405},[65,162212,35906],{"class":71},[65,162214,100],{"class":79},[65,162216,5258],{"class":71},[65,162218,4036],{"class":1405},[65,162220,161502],{"class":164},[65,162222,168],{"class":79},[65,162224,5193],{"class":147},[65,162226,100],{"class":79},[65,162228,579],{"class":147},[65,162230,8493],{"class":79},[65,162232,162233,162235,162237,162239,162241,162243],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,162234,1431],{"class":164},[65,162236,168],{"class":79},[65,162238,369],{"class":147},[65,162240,100],{"class":79},[65,162242,130790],{"class":147},[65,162244,174],{"class":79},[20,162246,191],{},[56,162248,162250],{"className":58,"code":162249,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162251,162252,162258],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162253,162254,162256],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162255,133809],{"class":71},[65,162257,33047],{"class":96},[65,162259,162260,162262],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,162261,161544],{"class":71},[65,162263,33052],{"class":96},[20,162265,2431,162266,1048,162269,162272],{},[15,162267,162268],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162270,162271],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162274,162275],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[56,162277,162279],{"className":58,"code":162278,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162280,162281,162321,162337,162341],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162282,162283,162285,162287,162289,162291,162293,162295,162297,162299,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309,162311,162313,162315,162317,162319],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162284,5150],{"class":71},[65,162286,76],{"class":75},[65,162288,3773],{"class":79},[65,162290,84],{"class":83},[65,162292,542],{"class":87},[65,162294,84],{"class":83},[65,162296,100],{"class":79},[65,162298,103],{"class":83},[65,162300,35855],{"class":87},[65,162302,84],{"class":83},[65,162304,100],{"class":79},[65,162306,103],{"class":83},[65,162308,35864],{"class":87},[65,162310,84],{"class":83},[65,162312,100],{"class":79},[65,162314,103],{"class":83},[65,162316,162182],{"class":87},[65,162318,84],{"class":83},[65,162320,3786],{"class":79},[65,162322,162323,162325,162327,162329,162331,162333,162335],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,162324,519],{"class":71},[65,162326,76],{"class":75},[65,162328,3773],{"class":79},[65,162330,13631],{"class":96},[65,162332,100],{"class":79},[65,162334,13636],{"class":96},[65,162336,3786],{"class":79},[65,162338,162339],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,162340,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,162342,162343,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353,162355,162357,162359,162361],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,162344,165],{"class":164},[65,162346,168],{"class":79},[65,162348,1863],{"class":164},[65,162350,168],{"class":79},[65,162352,5193],{"class":147},[65,162354,9383],{"class":79},[65,162356,38303],{"class":164},[65,162358,168],{"class":79},[65,162360,16511],{"class":147},[65,162362,1870],{"class":79},[20,162364,191],{},[56,162366,162368],{"className":58,"code":162367,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"4 2\n",[15,162369,162370],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162371,162372,162374],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162373,2650],{"class":96},[65,162375,45510],{"class":96},[20,162377,162378,162379,144],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162380,64246],{},[51,162382,92038,162384,162386],{"id":162383},"converting-zip-output",[15,162385,64246],{}," output",[20,162388,707,162389,162391],{},[15,162390,64246],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1059,162393,1309,162395],{"id":162394},"use-listzip",[15,162396,162397],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162399,162400],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[56,162402,162404],{"className":58,"code":162403,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162405,162406,162438,162458,162462,162484],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162407,162408,162410,162412,162414,162416,162418,162420,162422,162424,162426,162428,162430,162432,162434,162436],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162409,5150],{"class":71},[65,162411,76],{"class":75},[65,162413,3773],{"class":79},[65,162415,84],{"class":83},[65,162417,542],{"class":87},[65,162419,84],{"class":83},[65,162421,100],{"class":79},[65,162423,103],{"class":83},[65,162425,35855],{"class":87},[65,162427,84],{"class":83},[65,162429,100],{"class":79},[65,162431,103],{"class":83},[65,162433,35864],{"class":87},[65,162435,84],{"class":83},[65,162437,3786],{"class":79},[65,162439,162440,162442,162444,162446,162448,162450,162452,162454,162456],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,162441,519],{"class":71},[65,162443,76],{"class":75},[65,162445,3773],{"class":79},[65,162447,13631],{"class":96},[65,162449,100],{"class":79},[65,162451,13636],{"class":96},[65,162453,100],{"class":79},[65,162455,563],{"class":96},[65,162457,3786],{"class":79},[65,162459,162460],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,162461,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,162463,162464,162466,162468,162470,162472,162474,162476,162478,162480,162482],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,162465,9365],{"class":71},[65,162467,76],{"class":75},[65,162469,22667],{"class":1368},[65,162471,168],{"class":79},[65,162473,64316],{"class":164},[65,162475,168],{"class":79},[65,162477,5193],{"class":147},[65,162479,100],{"class":79},[65,162481,579],{"class":147},[65,162483,1870],{"class":79},[65,162485,162486,162488,162490,162492],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,162487,165],{"class":164},[65,162489,168],{"class":79},[65,162491,9411],{"class":147},[65,162493,174],{"class":79},[20,162495,191],{},[56,162497,162499],{"className":58,"code":162498,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162500,162501],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162502,162503,162505,162507,162509,162511,162513,162515,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533,162535,162537,162539,162541,162543],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162504,21852],{"class":79},[65,162506,203],{"class":83},[65,162508,542],{"class":87},[65,162510,203],{"class":83},[65,162512,100],{"class":79},[65,162514,20013],{"class":96},[65,162516,9383],{"class":79},[65,162518,648],{"class":79},[65,162520,203],{"class":83},[65,162522,35855],{"class":87},[65,162524,203],{"class":83},[65,162526,100],{"class":79},[65,162528,13636],{"class":96},[65,162530,9383],{"class":79},[65,162532,648],{"class":79},[65,162534,203],{"class":83},[65,162536,35864],{"class":87},[65,162538,203],{"class":83},[65,162540,100],{"class":79},[65,162542,563],{"class":96},[65,162544,9398],{"class":79},[1059,162546,1309,162548],{"id":162547},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162549,162550],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162552,162553],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[56,162555,162557],{"className":58,"code":162556,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162558,162559,162591,162619,162623,162645],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162560,162561,162563,162565,162567,162569,162571,162573,162575,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162562,17356],{"class":71},[65,162564,76],{"class":75},[65,162566,3773],{"class":79},[65,162568,84],{"class":83},[65,162570,369],{"class":87},[65,162572,84],{"class":83},[65,162574,100],{"class":79},[65,162576,103],{"class":83},[65,162578,387],{"class":87},[65,162580,84],{"class":83},[65,162582,100],{"class":79},[65,162584,103],{"class":83},[65,162586,10553],{"class":87},[65,162588,84],{"class":83},[65,162590,3786],{"class":79},[65,162592,162593,162595,162597,162599,162601,162603,162605,162607,162609,162611,162613,162615,162617],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,162594,3975],{"class":71},[65,162596,76],{"class":75},[65,162598,3773],{"class":79},[65,162600,84],{"class":83},[65,162602,542],{"class":87},[65,162604,84],{"class":83},[65,162606,100],{"class":79},[65,162608,394],{"class":96},[65,162610,100],{"class":79},[65,162612,103],{"class":83},[65,162614,16153],{"class":87},[65,162616,84],{"class":83},[65,162618,3786],{"class":79},[65,162620,162621],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,162622,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,162624,162625,162627,162629,162631,162633,162635,162637,162639,162641,162643],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,162626,360],{"class":71},[65,162628,76],{"class":75},[65,162630,9321],{"class":1368},[65,162632,168],{"class":79},[65,162634,64316],{"class":164},[65,162636,168],{"class":79},[65,162638,17044],{"class":147},[65,162640,100],{"class":79},[65,162642,4039],{"class":147},[65,162644,1870],{"class":79},[65,162646,162647,162649,162651,162653],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,162648,165],{"class":164},[65,162650,168],{"class":79},[65,162652,17421],{"class":147},[65,162654,174],{"class":79},[20,162656,191],{},[56,162658,162660],{"className":58,"code":162659,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162661,162662],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162663,162664,162666,162668,162670,162672,162674,162676,162678,162680,162682,162684,162686,162688,162690,162692,162694,162696,162698,162700,162702,162704,162706,162708],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162665,218],{"class":79},[65,162667,203],{"class":83},[65,162669,369],{"class":87},[65,162671,203],{"class":83},[65,162673,93],{"class":79},[65,162675,233],{"class":83},[65,162677,542],{"class":87},[65,162679,203],{"class":83},[65,162681,100],{"class":79},[65,162683,233],{"class":83},[65,162685,387],{"class":87},[65,162687,203],{"class":83},[65,162689,93],{"class":79},[65,162691,394],{"class":96},[65,162693,100],{"class":79},[65,162695,233],{"class":83},[65,162697,10553],{"class":87},[65,162699,203],{"class":83},[65,162701,93],{"class":79},[65,162703,233],{"class":83},[65,162705,16153],{"class":87},[65,162707,203],{"class":83},[65,162709,130],{"class":79},[20,162711,162712,162713,144],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[88,162714,30997],{"href":30996},[1059,162716,162718],{"id":162717},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162720,162721],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[56,162723,162725],{"className":58,"code":162724,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162726,162727,162751,162767,162771,162789,162793,162807],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162728,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162730,5150],{"class":71},[65,162732,76],{"class":75},[65,162734,3773],{"class":79},[65,162736,84],{"class":83},[65,162738,542],{"class":87},[65,162740,84],{"class":83},[65,162742,100],{"class":79},[65,162744,103],{"class":83},[65,162746,35855],{"class":87},[65,162748,84],{"class":83},[65,162750,3786],{"class":79},[65,162752,162753,162755,162757,162759,162761,162763,162765],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,162754,519],{"class":71},[65,162756,76],{"class":75},[65,162758,3773],{"class":79},[65,162760,13631],{"class":96},[65,162762,100],{"class":79},[65,162764,13636],{"class":96},[65,162766,3786],{"class":79},[65,162768,162769],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,162770,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,162772,162773,162775,162777,162779,162781,162783,162785,162787],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,162774,9365],{"class":71},[65,162776,76],{"class":75},[65,162778,161502],{"class":164},[65,162780,168],{"class":79},[65,162782,5193],{"class":147},[65,162784,100],{"class":79},[65,162786,579],{"class":147},[65,162788,174],{"class":79},[65,162790,162791],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,162792,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,162794,162795,162797,162799,162801,162803,162805],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,162796,165],{"class":164},[65,162798,168],{"class":79},[65,162800,8244],{"class":1368},[65,162802,168],{"class":79},[65,162804,9411],{"class":147},[65,162806,1870],{"class":79},[65,162808,162809,162811,162813,162815,162817,162819],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,162810,165],{"class":164},[65,162812,168],{"class":79},[65,162814,8244],{"class":1368},[65,162816,168],{"class":79},[65,162818,9411],{"class":147},[65,162820,1870],{"class":79},[20,162822,191],{},[56,162824,162826],{"className":58,"code":162825,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162827,162828,162858],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162829,162830,162832,162834,162836,162838,162840,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854,162856],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162831,21852],{"class":79},[65,162833,203],{"class":83},[65,162835,542],{"class":87},[65,162837,203],{"class":83},[65,162839,100],{"class":79},[65,162841,20013],{"class":96},[65,162843,9383],{"class":79},[65,162845,648],{"class":79},[65,162847,203],{"class":83},[65,162849,35855],{"class":87},[65,162851,203],{"class":83},[65,162853,100],{"class":79},[65,162855,13636],{"class":96},[65,162857,9398],{"class":79},[65,162859,162860],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,162861,38214],{"class":79},[20,162863,162864],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162866,162867,162868,144],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[88,162869,5288],{"href":5738},[51,162871,40964],{"id":40963},[20,162873,162874,162875,144],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162876,64246],{},[1059,162878,162880],{"id":162879},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[56,162882,162884],{"className":58,"code":162883,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162885,162886,162918,162938,162942,162966],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,162887,162888,162890,162892,162894,162896,162898,162900,162902,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912,162914,162916],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,162889,5150],{"class":71},[65,162891,76],{"class":75},[65,162893,3773],{"class":79},[65,162895,84],{"class":83},[65,162897,542],{"class":87},[65,162899,84],{"class":83},[65,162901,100],{"class":79},[65,162903,103],{"class":83},[65,162905,35855],{"class":87},[65,162907,84],{"class":83},[65,162909,100],{"class":79},[65,162911,103],{"class":83},[65,162913,35864],{"class":87},[65,162915,84],{"class":83},[65,162917,3786],{"class":79},[65,162919,162920,162922,162924,162926,162928,162930,162932,162934,162936],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,162921,519],{"class":71},[65,162923,76],{"class":75},[65,162925,3773],{"class":79},[65,162927,13631],{"class":96},[65,162929,100],{"class":79},[65,162931,13636],{"class":96},[65,162933,100],{"class":79},[65,162935,563],{"class":96},[65,162937,3786],{"class":79},[65,162939,162940],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,162941,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,162943,162944,162946,162948,162950,162952,162954,162956,162958,162960,162962,162964],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,162945,6110],{"class":1405},[65,162947,35906],{"class":71},[65,162949,100],{"class":79},[65,162951,5258],{"class":71},[65,162953,4036],{"class":1405},[65,162955,161502],{"class":164},[65,162957,168],{"class":79},[65,162959,5193],{"class":147},[65,162961,100],{"class":79},[65,162963,579],{"class":147},[65,162965,8493],{"class":79},[65,162967,162968,162970,162972,162974,162976,162978,162980,162982,162984,162986,162988,162990,162992],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,162969,1431],{"class":164},[65,162971,168],{"class":79},[65,162973,1697],{"class":1696},[65,162975,84],{"class":87},[65,162977,218],{"class":96},[65,162979,369],{"class":147},[65,162981,1706],{"class":96},[65,162983,1709],{"class":87},[65,162985,218],{"class":96},[65,162987,85447],{"class":147},[65,162989,1706],{"class":96},[65,162991,84],{"class":87},[65,162993,174],{"class":79},[1059,162995,162997],{"id":162996},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[56,162999,163001],{"className":58,"code":163000,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163002,163003,163035,163059,163063,163085],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,163004,163005,163007,163009,163011,163013,163015,163017,163019,163021,163023,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,163006,17356],{"class":71},[65,163008,76],{"class":75},[65,163010,3773],{"class":79},[65,163012,84],{"class":83},[65,163014,12783],{"class":87},[65,163016,84],{"class":83},[65,163018,100],{"class":79},[65,163020,103],{"class":83},[65,163022,369],{"class":87},[65,163024,84],{"class":83},[65,163026,100],{"class":79},[65,163028,103],{"class":83},[65,163030,15943],{"class":87},[65,163032,84],{"class":83},[65,163034,3786],{"class":79},[65,163036,163037,163039,163041,163043,163045,163047,163049,163051,163053,163055,163057],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,163038,3975],{"class":71},[65,163040,76],{"class":75},[65,163042,3773],{"class":79},[65,163044,46513],{"class":96},[65,163046,100],{"class":79},[65,163048,103],{"class":83},[65,163050,542],{"class":87},[65,163052,84],{"class":83},[65,163054,100],{"class":79},[65,163056,4070],{"class":4005},[65,163058,3786],{"class":79},[65,163060,163061],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,163062,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,163064,163065,163067,163069,163071,163073,163075,163077,163079,163081,163083],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,163066,72],{"class":71},[65,163068,76],{"class":75},[65,163070,9321],{"class":1368},[65,163072,168],{"class":79},[65,163074,64316],{"class":164},[65,163076,168],{"class":79},[65,163078,17044],{"class":147},[65,163080,100],{"class":79},[65,163082,4039],{"class":147},[65,163084,1870],{"class":79},[65,163086,163087,163089,163091,163093],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,163088,165],{"class":164},[65,163090,168],{"class":79},[65,163092,184],{"class":147},[65,163094,174],{"class":79},[1059,163096,163098],{"id":163097},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[56,163100,163102],{"className":58,"code":163101,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163103,163104,163124,163144,163148,163173],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,163105,163106,163108,163110,163112,163114,163116,163118,163120,163122],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,163107,80585],{"class":71},[65,163109,76],{"class":75},[65,163111,3773],{"class":79},[65,163113,2476],{"class":96},[65,163115,100],{"class":79},[65,163117,7940],{"class":96},[65,163119,100],{"class":79},[65,163121,7945],{"class":96},[65,163123,3786],{"class":79},[65,163125,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134,163136,163138,163140,163142],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,163127,80606],{"class":71},[65,163129,76],{"class":75},[65,163131,3773],{"class":79},[65,163133,2476],{"class":96},[65,163135,100],{"class":79},[65,163137,394],{"class":96},[65,163139,100],{"class":79},[65,163141,7945],{"class":96},[65,163143,3786],{"class":79},[65,163145,163146],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,163147,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,163149,163150,163152,163154,163156,163159,163161,163163,163165,163167,163169,163171],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,163151,6110],{"class":1405},[65,163153,56812],{"class":71},[65,163155,100],{"class":79},[65,163157,163158],{"class":71}," b ",[65,163160,4036],{"class":1405},[65,163162,161502],{"class":164},[65,163164,168],{"class":79},[65,163166,111677],{"class":147},[65,163168,100],{"class":79},[65,163170,80649],{"class":147},[65,163172,8493],{"class":79},[65,163174,163175,163177,163179,163181,163183,163185],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,163176,1431],{"class":164},[65,163178,168],{"class":79},[65,163180,2700],{"class":147},[65,163182,4845],{"class":75},[65,163184,2705],{"class":147},[65,163186,174],{"class":79},[20,163188,191],{},[56,163190,163192],{"className":58,"code":163191,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163193,163194,163198,163202],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,163195,163196],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,163197,4134],{"class":4005},[65,163199,163200],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,163201,4195],{"class":4005},[65,163203,163204],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,163205,4134],{"class":4005},[1059,163207,163209],{"id":163208},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[56,163211,163213],{"className":58,"code":163212,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163214,163215,163250,163273,163277,163304],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,163216,163217,163220,163222,163224,163226,163228,163230,163232,163234,163237,163239,163241,163243,163246,163248],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,163218,163219],{"class":71},"products ",[65,163221,76],{"class":75},[65,163223,3773],{"class":79},[65,163225,84],{"class":83},[65,163227,25248],{"class":87},[65,163229,84],{"class":83},[65,163231,100],{"class":79},[65,163233,103],{"class":83},[65,163235,163236],{"class":87},"Pen",[65,163238,84],{"class":83},[65,163240,100],{"class":79},[65,163242,103],{"class":83},[65,163244,163245],{"class":87},"Bag",[65,163247,84],{"class":83},[65,163249,3786],{"class":79},[65,163251,163252,163254,163256,163258,163261,163263,163266,163268,163271],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,163253,82975],{"class":71},[65,163255,76],{"class":75},[65,163257,3773],{"class":79},[65,163259,163260],{"class":96},"12.5",[65,163262,100],{"class":79},[65,163264,163265],{"class":96}," 1.2",[65,163267,100],{"class":79},[65,163269,163270],{"class":96}," 25.0",[65,163272,3786],{"class":79},[65,163274,163275],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,163276,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,163278,163279,163281,163283,163285,163288,163290,163292,163294,163297,163299,163302],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,163280,6110],{"class":1405},[65,163282,25309],{"class":71},[65,163284,100],{"class":79},[65,163286,163287],{"class":71}," price ",[65,163289,4036],{"class":1405},[65,163291,161502],{"class":164},[65,163293,168],{"class":79},[65,163295,163296],{"class":147},"products",[65,163298,100],{"class":79},[65,163300,163301],{"class":147}," prices",[65,163303,8493],{"class":79},[65,163305,163306,163308,163310,163312,163314,163316,163318,163320,163323,163325,163327,163329,163331],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,163307,1431],{"class":164},[65,163309,168],{"class":79},[65,163311,1697],{"class":1696},[65,163313,84],{"class":87},[65,163315,218],{"class":96},[65,163317,27114],{"class":147},[65,163319,1706],{"class":96},[65,163321,163322],{"class":87}," costs $",[65,163324,218],{"class":96},[65,163326,25257],{"class":147},[65,163328,1706],{"class":96},[65,163330,84],{"class":87},[65,163332,174],{"class":79},[20,163334,36517,163335,144],{},[88,163336,163338],{"href":163337},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[51,163340,163342,163343],{"id":163341},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163344,64246],{},[1059,163346,1792,163348,163350],{"id":163347},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163349,64246],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163352,163353,163355],{},[15,163354,64246],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163357,163358],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[56,163360,163362],{"className":58,"code":163361,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163363,163364],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,163365,163366,163368,163370,163372,163374,163376,163378,163380,163382,163384],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,163367,165],{"class":164},[65,163369,168],{"class":79},[65,163371,1863],{"class":164},[65,163373,168],{"class":79},[65,163375,111677],{"class":147},[65,163377,9383],{"class":79},[65,163379,38303],{"class":164},[65,163381,168],{"class":79},[65,163383,80872],{"class":147},[65,163385,1870],{"class":79},[1059,163387,163389],{"id":163388},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163391,68763],{},[56,163393,163395],{"className":58,"code":163394,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163396,163397,163433,163437,163450,163460,163464,163476],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,163398,163399,163401,163403,163405,163407,163409,163411,163413,163415,163417,163419,163421,163423,163425,163427,163429,163431],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,163400,9365],{"class":71},[65,163402,76],{"class":75},[65,163404,161502],{"class":164},[65,163406,3132],{"class":79},[65,163408,3135],{"class":96},[65,163410,100],{"class":79},[65,163412,113],{"class":96},[65,163414,18177],{"class":79},[65,163416,3773],{"class":79},[65,163418,84],{"class":83},[65,163420,88],{"class":87},[65,163422,84],{"class":83},[65,163424,100],{"class":79},[65,163426,103],{"class":83},[65,163428,106],{"class":87},[65,163430,84],{"class":83},[65,163432,4042],{"class":79},[65,163434,163435],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,163436,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,163438,163439,163441,163443,163445,163448],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,163440,6110],{"class":1405},[65,163442,6113],{"class":71},[65,163444,4036],{"class":1405},[65,163446,163447],{"class":71}," pairs",[65,163449,1411],{"class":79},[65,163451,163452,163454,163456,163458],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,163453,1431],{"class":164},[65,163455,168],{"class":79},[65,163457,171],{"class":147},[65,163459,174],{"class":79},[65,163461,163462],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,163463,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,163465,163466,163468,163470,163472,163474],{"class":67,"line":612},[65,163467,6110],{"class":1405},[65,163469,6113],{"class":71},[65,163471,4036],{"class":1405},[65,163473,163447],{"class":71},[65,163475,1411],{"class":79},[65,163477,163478,163480,163482,163484],{"class":67,"line":826},[65,163479,1431],{"class":164},[65,163481,168],{"class":79},[65,163483,171],{"class":147},[65,163485,174],{"class":79},[20,163487,163488],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1059,163490,163492],{"id":163491},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163494,163495],{},"This is correct:",[56,163497,163499],{"className":58,"code":163498,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163500,163501,163525,163541,163545,163569],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,163502,163503,163505,163507,163509,163511,163513,163515,163517,163519,163521,163523],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,163504,5150],{"class":71},[65,163506,76],{"class":75},[65,163508,3773],{"class":79},[65,163510,84],{"class":83},[65,163512,542],{"class":87},[65,163514,84],{"class":83},[65,163516,100],{"class":79},[65,163518,103],{"class":83},[65,163520,35855],{"class":87},[65,163522,84],{"class":83},[65,163524,3786],{"class":79},[65,163526,163527,163529,163531,163533,163535,163537,163539],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,163528,519],{"class":71},[65,163530,76],{"class":75},[65,163532,3773],{"class":79},[65,163534,13631],{"class":96},[65,163536,100],{"class":79},[65,163538,13636],{"class":96},[65,163540,3786],{"class":79},[65,163542,163543],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,163544,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,163546,163547,163549,163551,163553,163555,163557,163559,163561,163563,163565,163567],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,163548,6110],{"class":1405},[65,163550,35906],{"class":71},[65,163552,100],{"class":79},[65,163554,5258],{"class":71},[65,163556,4036],{"class":1405},[65,163558,161502],{"class":164},[65,163560,168],{"class":79},[65,163562,5193],{"class":147},[65,163564,100],{"class":79},[65,163566,579],{"class":147},[65,163568,8493],{"class":79},[65,163570,163571,163573,163575,163577,163579,163581],{"class":67,"line":177},[65,163572,1431],{"class":164},[65,163574,168],{"class":79},[65,163576,369],{"class":147},[65,163578,100],{"class":79},[65,163580,130790],{"class":147},[65,163582,174],{"class":79},[20,163584,163585],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[56,163587,163589],{"className":58,"code":163588,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163590,163591,163611],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,163592,163593,163595,163597,163599,163601,163603,163605,163607,163609],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,163594,6110],{"class":1405},[65,163596,6113],{"class":71},[65,163598,4036],{"class":1405},[65,163600,161502],{"class":164},[65,163602,168],{"class":79},[65,163604,5193],{"class":147},[65,163606,100],{"class":79},[65,163608,579],{"class":147},[65,163610,8493],{"class":79},[65,163612,163613,163615,163617,163619],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,163614,1431],{"class":164},[65,163616,168],{"class":79},[65,163618,171],{"class":147},[65,163620,174],{"class":79},[20,163622,191],{},[56,163624,163626],{"className":58,"code":163625,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163627,163628,163644],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,163629,163630,163632,163634,163636,163638,163640,163642],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,163631,168],{"class":79},[65,163633,203],{"class":83},[65,163635,542],{"class":87},[65,163637,203],{"class":83},[65,163639,100],{"class":79},[65,163641,20013],{"class":96},[65,163643,174],{"class":79},[65,163645,163646,163648,163650,163652,163654,163656,163658],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,163647,168],{"class":79},[65,163649,203],{"class":83},[65,163651,35855],{"class":87},[65,163653,203],{"class":83},[65,163655,100],{"class":79},[65,163657,13636],{"class":96},[65,163659,174],{"class":79},[20,163661,163662],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1059,163664,8569,163666,163668,163669],{"id":163665},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163667,64246],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163670,35663],{},[20,163672,1309,163673,163675],{},[15,163674,64246],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163677,1309,163678,163680],{},[15,163679,35663],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[56,163682,163683],{"className":58,"code":35832,"language":60,"meta":61,"style":61},[15,163684,163685,163717,163721,163741],{"__ignoreMap":61},[65,163686,163687,163689,163691,163693,163695,163697,163699,163701,163703,163705,163707,163709,163711,163713,163715],{"class":67,"line":68},[65,163688,5150],{"class":71},[65,163690,76],{"class":75},[65,163692,3773],{"class":79},[65,163694,84],{"class":83},[65,163696,542],{"class":87},[65,163698,84],{"class":83},[65,163700,100],{"class":79},[65,163702,103],{"class":83},[65,163704,35855],{"class":87},[65,163706,84],{"class":83},[65,163708,100],{"class":79},[65,163710,103],{"class":83},[65,163712,35864],{"class":87},[65,163714,84],{"class":83},[65,163716,3786],{"class":79},[65,163718,163719],{"class":67,"line":133},[65,163720,158],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":157},[65,163722,163723,163725,163727,163729,163731,163733,163735,163737,163739],{"class":67,"line":154},[65,163724,6110],{"class":1405},[65,163726,35735],{"class":71},[65,163728,100],{"class":79},[65,163730,35883],{"class":71},[65,163732,4036],{"class":1405},[65,163734,35745],{"class":164},[65,163736,168],{"class":79},[65,163738,5193],{"class":147},[65,163740,8493],{"class":79},[65,163742,163743,163745,163747,163749,163751,163753],{"class":67,"line":161},[65,163744,1431],{"class":164},[65,163746,168],{"class":79},[65,163748,35760],{"class":147},[65,163750,100],{"class":79},[65,163752,35906],{"class":147},[65,163754,174],{"class":79},[20,163756,163757,163758,144],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[88,163759,3724,163760,3657],{"href":91950},[15,163761,35663],{},[51,163763,1949],{"id":1948},[1059,163765,1953,163767,1956],{"id":163766},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163768,64246],{},[20,163770,163771],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1059,163773,1966,163775,163777],{"id":163774},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163776,64246],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163779,163780],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1059,163782,163784,163785,2637],{"id":163783},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163786,64246],{},[20,163788,163789,163790,144],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163791,162397],{},[1059,163793,163795,163796,2637],{"id":163794},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163797,64246],{},[20,163799,128155,163800,163802],{},[15,163801,162550],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1059,163804,163806],{"id":163805},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163808,163809],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[51,163811,2015],{"id":2014},[30,163813,163814,163819,163825,163829,163833],{},[33,163815,163816],{},[88,163817,163818],{"href":163337},"How to use zip in Python",[33,163820,163821],{},[88,163822,3724,163823,3657],{"href":91950},[15,163824,35663],{},[33,163826,163827],{},[88,163828,5367],{"href":5738},[33,163830,163831],{},[88,163832,69616],{"href":69539},[33,163834,163835],{},[88,163836,32171],{"href":30996},[2071,163838,163839],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":61,"searchDepth":133,"depth":133,"links":163841},[163842,163843,163845,163846,163847,163848,163856,163862,163871,163882],{"id":53,"depth":133,"text":54},{"id":161561,"depth":133,"text":163844},"What zip() does",{"id":282,"depth":133,"text":283},{"id":161954,"depth":133,"text":161955},{"id":162131,"depth":133,"text":162132},{"id":162383,"depth":133,"text":163849,"children":163850},"Converting zip() output",[163851,163853,163855],{"id":162394,"depth":154,"text":163852},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162547,"depth":154,"text":163854},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162717,"depth":154,"text":162718},{"id":40963,"depth":133,"text":40964,"children":163857},[163858,163859,163860,163861],{"id":162879,"depth":154,"text":162880},{"id":162996,"depth":154,"text":162997},{"id":163097,"depth":154,"text":163098},{"id":163208,"depth":154,"text":163209},{"id":163341,"depth":133,"text":163863,"children":163864},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163865,163867,163868,163869],{"id":163347,"depth":154,"text":163866},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163388,"depth":154,"text":163389},{"id":163491,"depth":154,"text":163492},{"id":163665,"depth":154,"text":163870},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1948,"depth":133,"text":1949,"children":163872},[163873,163875,163877,163879,163881],{"id":163766,"depth":154,"text":163874},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163774,"depth":154,"text":163876},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163783,"depth":154,"text":163878},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163794,"depth":154,"text":163880},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163805,"depth":154,"text":163806},{"id":2014,"depth":133,"text":2015},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161403,"description":163883},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944822231]